Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.1 first-letter Midiya Musamman Tattaunawa User Tattaunawar user Wikipedia Tattaunawar Wikipedia Fayil Tattaunawar fayil MediaWiki Tattaunawar MediaWiki Samfuri Tattaunawar samfuri Taimako Tattaunawar taimako Rukuni Tattaunawar rukuni TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2399 975154 956524 2026-11-02T10:57:59Z Maryam jafar abubakar 49472 975154 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{hujja}} {{Automatic taxobox | family color = animalia | image = Animal diversity.png | fossil range = | authority = [[Lineo|Linnaeus]], [[1758]] | display children = 3 collapse }} [[Fayil:Asian elephant walking in Tad Lo river at golden hour, Bolaven Plateau, Laos.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Camels in Dana Reserve 02.jpg|thumb|Camels]] [[Fayil:Cow (Fleckvieh breed) Oeschinensee Slaunger 2009-07-07.jpg|thumb|Shanu]] [[Fayil:Rattus norvegicus - Brown rat 03.jpg|thumb|Bera]] [[Fayil:Animal diversity.jpg|thumb|Dabba]] '''Dabbobi,sun''' kasu kashi [[Biu|biyu]] ne, akwai na [[gida]]<ref>Dabbobin gida https://trtafrika.com/ha/news/dabbobin-gida {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724143801/https://trtafrika.com/ha/news/dabbobin-gida |date=2024-07-24 }}</ref> akwai kuma na [[daji]], na [[gida]] su ne kamar haka: [[Kaza]], [[Kulya]], [[Akuya]], [[kare]], [[zomo]], [[Shanu]], [[Doki]], [[Talo-talo|Talotalo]], [[Zabo]], Baru, Mage, da dai sauransu. Na daji kuma su ne waɗanda ba'a ajesu a gida saboda hatsarin da suke da shi su ne kamar: [[Zaki]], [[Kura]], [[damisa]], [[Maciji]], [[Kerkeci]], [[Kunama]] da dai sauransu. == Tarihi == == Nau'in [[dabbobi]] == === Dabban kasa === dila == Jinsi == == Dabbobin daji == == Dabbobin gida == == Haihuwa == == AlaƘa == == Sabo == == Jerin dabbobi == == Hotona == {|+ <div class="thumb tright"> <div style="width:300px;"> [[File:Animalia diversity.jpg|300px|right|thumb|Manumanu]] {| |valign="top"|[[File:Common snail.jpg|90px|Bulhorn]] |valign="top"|[[File:Nerr0328.jpg|90px|Pryvenn goes (Glycera)]] |valign="top"|[[File:Nerr0878.jpg|90px|Pympbysyes]] |- |[[File:Nephila inaurata dsc07682.jpg|70px|Gwiader]] |[[File:Grey Nurse Shark at Fish Rock Cave, NSW.jpg|120px|]] |[[File:Taenia saginataD.JPG|80px|Pryvenn blatt (Taenia saginata)]] |- |valign="bottom"|[[File:Ascaris lumbricoides.jpeg|90px|Nematoda]] |valign="bottom"|[[File:Anemone.bristol.750pix.jpg|90px|Anthozoa (anemone an mor)]] |valign="bottom"|[[File:Woda-1 ubt.jpeg|90px|Spong]] |} [[File:Jaguar head shot.jpg|thumb|220px|Jaguarete]] [[File:Mocassin tete cuivree 06.JPG|thumb|200px|[[Maciji]]]] [[File:Zafira Al Saida 0001.jpg|thumb|230px|[[Doki]]]] *[[Jaki]] *[[Sauro]] *[[Hawainiya]] *[[Biri]] *[[Zaki]] *[[Kare]] *[[Raƙumi]] *[[Kifi]] *[[Kyanwa]] *[[Giwa]] *[[Shaho]] *[[Agwagwa]] *[[Dabbar rendiya]] *[[Saniya]] *[[Kyankyaso]] *[[Kaza]] *[[Tsuntsu]] *[[Ƙudan zuma|Kudan zuma]] *[[Dabbar beya]] *[[Kwado]] *[[Malam buɗe littafi|Malan buɗe ido]] *[[Yanyawa]] *[[Doki]] *[[Aladu|Alade]] == Mahadan Wiki == * [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Animalia Commons] == Hoto == <gallery> File:Khaoyai 06.jpg|Giwaye akan titi a cikin Zoo File:Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) in the drift ice region north of Svalbard.jpg|Biye File:Penguin in Antarctica jumping out of the water.jpg|Tsun tsun ruwa mai suna penju File:A butterfly feeding on the tears of a turtle in Ecuador.jpg File:Eichhörnchen Düsseldorf Hofgarten edit.jpg|Kurege File:Hoverflies mating midair.jpg|kudan daji </gallery> == Manazarta == [[Category:Dabba|*]] dyhycyqpvx259oulj6l52g0hp0hucx6 0 3737 975086 470308 2026-11-02T01:24:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975086 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Concepción''' ([[IPA]]: Kon.sepˈsjon) birni ne, da ke a yankin Concepción, a ƙasar [[Chile]]. Ita ce babban birnin yankin Concepción. Bisa ga kimanta a shekara ta 2009, Concepción tana da yawan jama'a 229,665. An gina birnin Concepción a shekara ta 1550. == Hotuna== <gallery perrow=4> File:Pinacoteca_UdeC.jpg|Gidan zane na Jami'ar Concepción File:Coat of arms of Concepcion, Chile.svg| File:Arco de Medicina UdeC.jpg| File:Moderno Edificio en Concepción.jpg| File:Desembocadura del Biobío.jpg| File:Ex Catedral de Concepción.jpg| File:Biobus01.jpg| File:Hotel El Araucano.JPG| File:Plaza de Armas Concepción.jpg| </gallery> == Alaƙa == * {{Commonscat|Concepcion,_Chile}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100211124604/http://www.concepcion.cl/ Concepcion's Municipality]{{stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Concepcion}} [[Category:Biranen Chile]] fsc7zw662dm8qt1zpyvu97b9nbftgi5 0 5702 975090 910287 2026-11-02T02:28:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Mosquito_on_human_skin.jpg |thumb| Sauri ]] [[File:Aguas_urbanas_fecales_de_un_barrio_urbano_de_togo.JPG |thumb| Gurbatar muhalli na jawo Sauro da kan haifar da cutar Maleriya]] [[Fayil:Trois kits de test de dépistage rapide positif pour le paludisme(malaria) sur table 03.jpg|thumb|test na maleriya]] '''Maleriya,''' Cuta ce wadda sauro ke haifarwa, ita dai Cutar ta kasance sauro ne ke yaɗa ta, a tsakanin mutane da sauran dabbobi daga ƙwayoyin cutar [[protozoans]] (wata kwayar cutar ce wadda ba'a gani da idanu ba tare da amfani na na'urar ganin kwayoyin halittu) ta yanayin ''[[Plasmodium]]'' .<ref name="WHO2014" /> Alamomin zazzabi sun hada da [[janti]], [[ciwon jiki|gajiya]], [[amai]] da [[ciwon kai]].<!-- <ref name=EBMED2014/> --> Idan ya yi tsanani yana haddasa fata ta zama ruwan korawa, sankamewar jiki, [[suma]] ko [[mutuwa]].<ref name="EBMED2014" /> Wadan nan alamomi na bayyana kwanaki goma zuwa sha biyar bayan cizon [[sauro]].<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Ga waɗanda ba su sami magani sosai ba cutar na iya dawowa bayan wasu watanni.<ref name="WHO2014" /> Ga wadanda suka rayu bayan sun kamu, sake kamuwa na iya haifar da alamomi marasa tsanani.<!-- <ref name=EBMED2014/> --> Wannan [[garkuwa|juriya]] ta takaitaccen lokaci na dacewa a cikin watanni zuwa shekaru idan ba'a sami sake kamuwa da [[Zazzaɓi|zazzabi]] ba.<ref name="EBMED2014" /> <!--Cause and diagnosis--> Yawanci, cutar na yaduwa daga cizon tamatar sauro mai ɗauke da cutar wato sauro ''[[Anopheles]]''.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Wannan cizon shi ya kan shigar da kwayar cutar daga yawun sauron zuwa cikin [[tsarin gudanar|jini]] na mutum.<ref name=WHO2014/> Sai kuma kwayar cutar ta tafi zuwa hanta inda za ta balaga kuma ta hayayyafa.<!-- <ref name=EBMED2014/> --> Mutane na iya harbuwa kuma su yada jinsi biyar na ''Plasmodium''.<ref name=EBMED2014/> Sanadi na yawaicin mutuwa sababinta daga ''[[Plasmodium falciparum|P.&nbsp;falciparum]]'' tare da ''[[Plasmodium vivax|P.&nbsp;vivax]]'', ''[[Plasmodium ovale|P.&nbsp;ovale]]'', da ''[[Plasmodium malariae|P.&nbsp;malariae]]'' waɗanda ke haifar da yanayin zazzabi sassauƙa.<ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=EBMED2014/> Jinsin ''[[Plasmodium knowlesi|P.&nbsp;knowlesi]]'' bai cika haifar da cutuka ga mutane ba.<ref name=WHO2014/> Ana maganin zazzabi ta hanyar nazarin [[jini]] da madubin likita da amfani da [[hotunan jini]], ko kuma da fasaha mai gano kwayar cuta [[antigen]] wato [[Gwajin gano zazzabi na antigen|gwaje-gwajen gaggawa domin magani]].<ref name=EBMED2014/> Hanyar gwaji mai amfani da [[jerin alamomi ta polymerase]] domin gano [[DNA]] na kwayar cutar ana samar da ita, amma ba'a cika amfani da ita ba a sassan da cutar zazzabi ta zama [[ruwan-dare (gidan-kowa-da-akwai)|game-gari]] sabo da tsadarsa da kuma wahala.<ref name="Nadjm 2012">{{Cite journal |author=Nadjm B, Behrens RH |title=Malaria: An update for physicians |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_infectious-disease-clinics-of-north-america_2012-06_26_2/page/243 |journal=Infectious Disease Clinics of North America |year=2012 |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=243–59 |pmid=22632637 |doi=10.1016/j.idc.2012.03.010}}</ref>. Alamurran da suka shafe aikin gona/ noma da suka hada da ban-ruwa, suna da dabbaka malaria a yankunan Tropical da Sub-saharan.<ref>Taffese, H. S., & Zuma, S. M. (2024). Determinants of persistent malaria transmission in the Arjo-Didessa farm area in Ethiopia. ''Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases'', ''39''(1), 5.</ref> <!--Prevention and treatment--> Za'a iya rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar hana cizon sauro ta amafni da [[gidan sauro]] da [[magani mai korar sauro]], ko ta yin amfani da matakai na hana yaduwar sauro kamar feshin [[maganin sauro]] da kuma hana kwanciyar ruwa.sana da da kashe haki a cikin gida ko gefen gida<ref name=EBMED2014/> Akwai magunguna masu yawa domin [[hana zazzaɓi|kare zazzabi]] daga matafiya zuwa shiyyoyin da cutar ta zama ruwan-dare.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Shan magani akai-akai [[sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine]] na da matuƙar kyau ga [[yara]] da kuma bayan [[wata uku na farko]] na [[samun ciki]] a shiyyoyi da aka fi samun zazzabi.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Duk da bukatar da ake da ita, babu wata ingantacciyar [[allura]] da ake da ita, duk da cewa ƙoƙarin samar da wata na ci gaba.<ref name=WHO2014/> Maganin zazzabi da ka bayar da shawara a kansa hadi ne da [[maganin zazzaɓi]] wanda ya haɗa da [[artemisinin]].<ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=EBMED2014/> Magani na biyu na iya zama [[mefloquine]], [[lumefantrine]], ko sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine.<ref name=WHO2010>{{cite book|last1=Organization|first1=World Health|title=Guidelines for the treatment of malaria|url=https://archive.org/details/guidelinesfortre0000unse|date=2010|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|isbn=9789241547925|page=ix|edition=2nd ed.}}</ref> Za'a iya amfani da [[Quinine]] tare da [[doxycycline]] idan ba'a sami artemisinin ba.<ref name=WHO2010/> Kuma ana bayar da shawara cewa a wuraren da cutar ta zama ruwan-dare, idan zai yiwu, a tabbatar da zazzabin cizon sauron kafin a fara bayar da magani sabo da damuwar da ake da ita ta wajen karuwar [[bijirewa magani]] da cutar ke yi.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Bijirewa na karuwa ga yawaicin magungunan zazzabin cizon sauro; misali, bijirewa [[chloroquine]] ''P.&nbsp;falciparum'' ya yadu a yankuna masu zazzabin cizon sauro, kuma bijirewa artemisinin ya zama matsala a wasu sassa na Kudancin Asia.<ref name=WHO2014/> <!--Epidemiology--> Cutar ta fi yaduwa a [[Wurare masu zafi|wurare masu zafin yanayi]] da kuma bangarori [[da kusa da wurin zafi]] wadan da ke kusa da inda layin [[equator]] ya keta.<ref name=EBMED2014>{{cite journal|last=Caraballo|first=Hector|title=Emergency Department Management Of Mosquito-Borne Illness: Malaria, Dengue, And West Nile Virus|journal=Emergency Medicine Practice|date=May 2014|volume=16|issue=5|url=http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&topic_id=405}}</ref> Wannan ya hada da mafi yawan [[kusa da Saharar Afirka]], [[Asia]], da [[Latin America]].<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> [[gungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya]] ta kiyasta cewa a shekarar 2012, an sami matsalar zazzabin cizon sauro miliyan 207.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> A wannan shekarar, an ƙiyasta cewa cutar ta hallaka a ƙalla tsakanin mutane miliyan 473,000 da mutane 789,000, mafi yawansu yara a nahiyar Afirka.<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web|title=Malaria Fact sheet N°94|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/|website=WHO|accessdate=28 August 2014|date=March 2014}}</ref> Yawanci a kan alaƙanta cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro da talauci kuma ya na shafar [[haɓakar tattalin arziki]].<ref name="IftSoL">{{Cite report |author=Gollin D, Zimmermann C |title=Malaria: Disease Impacts and Long-Run Income Differences |date=August 2007 |publisher=[[Institute for the Study of Labor]] |url=http://ftp.iza.org/dp2997.pdf |format=PDF |access-date=2015-09-19 |archive-date=2016-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318151954/http://ftp.iza.org/dp2997.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Worrall 2005">{{Cite journal |author=Worrall E, Basu S, Hanson K |title=Is malaria a disease of poverty? A review of the literature |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_tropical-medicine-and-international-health_2005-10_10_10/page/1047 |journal=Tropical Health and Medicine |year=2005 |volume=10 |issue=10 |pages=1047–59 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01476.x |pmid=16185240}} {{open access}}</ref> A nahiyar Afirka an ƙiyasta cewa ya jawo asarar Dalar Amurka biliyan 12 a shekara sabo da ƙaruwar tsadar kiwon lafiya, rashin samun damar yin aiki da kuma illoli ga yawon buɗe-idanu.<ref name="Greenwood 2005">{{Cite journal |author=Greenwood BM, Bojang K, Whitty CJ, Targett GA |title=Malaria |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_april-23-29-2005_365_9469/page/1487 |journal=Lancet |year=2005|volume=365 |issue=9469 |pages=1487–98 |pmid=15850634 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66420-3}}</ref> ==Cutar Maleriya a Kasar Hausa== Cutar Malariya wani cutar da aka samu kuma yana da muhimmanci a cikin kasashen Afrika. Malariya tana da sabon cutarwa da aka kira cutar da aka fi sani da "plasmodium" a matsayin "parasite" a cikin damar. Cutar Malariya zai zamo dalilin samun mutum a kan tsaro da kuma a kan ciki. A Hausa, Cutar Malariya an samu kamar "Rashin Tsuntsaye" ko "Rashin Tsuntsa". Wadanda ke da shakka a kan cutar Malariya aka yin kira da suna "Tsuntsaye" ko "Tsuntsa" saboda rashin tsuntsaye da aka samu a cikin cutar. Saboda haka, Cutar Malariya na Hausa yana da alamun tsari da kuma alamun kwayoyi da ke da muhimmanci a cikin zamaninmu.malaria nada hadari sosai masaman ga kanana Yara da mata masu juna biyu tana iya shanye masu jini idan ta dauki tsawon lokaci a cikin jikin su. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Halitta]] 7j35gbk5hgcuw48vkzbbfsxfwsm2nji 4 8497 975068 329007 2026-11-01T23:22:38Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Shawara ta 2. Ka fahimci manufofi biyar */ 975068 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ten Simple Rules for Editing Wikipedia.pdf|thumb|right|upright|Zaku iya karanta wannan shawarwarin da Turanci]] =='''Shawara ta 1.''' Kayi rajistar account== Duk da cewa zaku iya gyaran Wikipedia, tare da rubuta muƙaloli ba tare da kun yi rajistar account ba, yin rajistar yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Zaku iya zaɓar duk suna ko laƙabin da kuke son amfani da shi, domin yin rijistar kyauta ne. Sannan fahimci cewa duk gyaran da kuka yi, yana akan idanun dukkan editoci da ma masu karatu domin hakan shi ke bada damar sanin abunda kowa ke aiki akai, sannan da gyara abubuwan da ba dai-dai suke ba. Haka zalika, yin rajistar account zai baku wata damar amfani da wasu kebantattun abubuwa wanda sai mai account kawai zai iya amfani dasu, kamar amfani da shafin jerin abubuwan da ake bin sawu. =='''Shawara ta 2.''' Ka fahimci manufofi biyar== Da akwai wasu muhimman manufofin Wikipedia wanda ake kira '''[[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofi biyar]]''', yana da muhimmanci, ku fahimce su, kuma kuyi ƙoƙarin amfani da su a yayin da kuke gyaran Wikipedia. Yana da kyau, ku fahimci Wikipedia bata kawo rahoton labarai, wato wani abu wanda ba a riga an rubuta shi ba, a wata ingantacciyar hanyar samun bayanai ko kuma a sahihan littattafai. Sannan Wikipedia ba dandalin sada fadar ra'ayi bane inda zaka tallata kanka ko wani naka, kai koma wata hajarka. Wikipedia ta bambanta matuƙa da wasu sauran shafukan sada zumunta, dandalin tattaunawa ko kuma gidajen yanar gizon mujallu da jaridu da kuka saba dasu wanda suke bada damar kowa ya fadi ra'ayinsa yadda yake so. Ita Wikipedia, babbar manufar ta ita ce, tattaro dukkan tabbatacce da kuma sahihin ilimi da bayanan abun da ɗan Adam ya sani zuwa wuri guda domin amfanin kowa da kowa. Kasancewar Wikipedia nada editoci mabanbanta ra'ayoyi daga ko ina a duniya, ya zama wajibi kuyi mu'amala da kowa cikin girmamawa da kwanciyar hankali ko da a lokacin muhawara. Sannan Wikipedia bata da kayyadajjen lokacin da aka dibar mata domin gama rubuta ta, hasalima ita aiki ne wanda baida karshe. Saboda haka a ko da yaushe ana maraba da kai. =='''Shawara ta 3.''' Kar ka ji tsoro, amma kasan abun da kake== Indai kaga wata muƙala dake buƙatar wani gyara, ko yaya ƙanƙantar shi to kar ka ji tsoro, kawai ka aiwatar da gyaran. Wikipedia da ma wasu shafukan yanar gizo ce, ci gaban su yana ta'allaƙa ne ga jajircewar masu bada gudummuwa na sakai. Amma yana da kyau, ku bambance gyara mai ma'ana da kuma gyara mara ma'ana. =='''Shawara ta 4.''' Kasan wa kake rubuta mawa== A lokacin da kake rubuta muƙalar Wikipedia, ka fahimci kana yin rubuta ne wanda kowa da kowa zai iya karantawa a duk faɗin duniya. Saboda haka ka yi amfani da sassaukan kalmomi da kuma cikakken bayani domin fahimtar mutane da yawa. Kada ka yi rubutu irin wanda za'a gabatar a gaban taron farfesoshi kada kuma kayi irin wanda za'a gabatar a gaban yan makarantar firamare; saboda haka rubutun ka ya zama tsaka-tsakiya domin sauƙin fahimta. =='''Shawara ta 5.''' Ka guji satar fasaha == Kasancewar kusan duk abunda ke akan Wikipedia an bada shi a lasisin gama-gari ta yadda kowa zai iya amfani da abubuwan dake cikinta, to ya zama wajibi a kiyaye, duk kuma abunda za a sama Wikipedia shima ya zama yana da irin wannan lasisin. Saboda haka, Wikipedia bata ansar ko wane irin rubutu ko hoto wanda bashi da cikakken izini daga mai hakkin mallakar shi. Kada ku kwafo rubutu daga wasu shafukan yanar gizo, ko a litattafai ko jaridu ba tare da izini ba. Duk rubutun da aka tabbatar an kwafo shi daga wani guri ba tare da izini ba ana goge shi da gaggawa a Wikipedia tare dayin gargaɗi ga mai aikata hakan. Wikipedia ta ɗauki [[Haƙƙin mallaka|Haƙƙin Mallaka]] da matuƙar muhimmanci kuma ya zama tilas akan kowane editan Wikipedia ya kiyaye wannan. =='''Shawara ta 6.''' Tabbatar da asalin abun da kake rubutawa== Wikipedia kundin ilimi ne na haƙiƙa. Domin tabbatar da hakan, ya zama tilas duk bayanin da ka bayar ka bada tushensa, wato sahihin wurin kamar jaridu, mujjallu ko litattafai. Haka zalika zaku iya bada tushen bayani ta hanyar malikin su a inda suke akan yanar gizo. Sannan ku fahimci cewa duk bayanin da kuka bayar da tushensa, kowa zai iya bincikawa domin ya tabbatar da gaskiyar al'amarin. Abubuwan da aka gano ba gaskiya bane dole a cire su daga Wikipedia baki ɗaya. =='''Shawara ta 7.''' Ka guji tallata kanka ko hajarka== Talla, kowace kala ce ta yi hannun riga da manufar Wikipedia; ku guje ta. Kada kuyi ƙoƙarin amfani da Wikipedia wajen tallata kanku, ko wani mutum da kuke ƙauna ko kuma wani kasuwanci, ko fahimta ta addini ko siyasa. =='''Shawara ta 8.''' Yi amfani da iliminka cikin hikima== Yana da kyau ku bada gudummuwa a fannin da kuka karanta ko kuka fi sani, kamar ɓangaren ilimin kimiyya, tarihi ko kuma fasahar sadarwa. Amma ku fahimci Wikipedia bata amsar sabon ilimi daka gano ko kuma wani bincike da ka yi, wanda ba a riga an wallafa shi ba a sahiha. =='''Shawara ta 9.''' Yi rubutu daga mahangar da ba son rai== Dukkan muƙaloli dake a cikin Wikipedia ya zama tilas a rubuta su daga mahangar adalci, mahangar da ba bu son rai. In kana rubuta muƙala, ka rubuta iya sahihan bayanai da aka riga aka rubuta a ingantattun litattafai ko sahihan jaridu da makamantansu. =='''Shawara ta 10.''' Yi tambaya akan duk abun da baka gane ba== Wikipedia wani lokaci ta kan yi wahalar fahimta wurin sababbin editoci, musammam ta hanyar amfani wasu da ke wajen sarrafa shafi. Kada ku yi ƙasa a gwuiwa wajen tambaya akan duk wani abu da ya shige maku duhu ko kuke neman ƙarin bayani. Zaku iya neman taimako ta hanyoyi da dama. Ɗaya daga cikinsu shi ne ta hanyar rubuta '''{{tlx|a taimaka mani}}''' akan [[Special:MyTalk|shafinku na tattaunawa]] tare da yin bayani irin taimakon da kuke so. Da zarar kun yi hakan, za a samu wani editan da zai zo ya amsa dukkan tambayoyinku. {{Wikipedia}} 9a9t91qciarpit3ye8lvq17uktsn1gl 975069 975068 2026-11-01T23:24:40Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Shawara ta 2. Ka fahimci manufofi biyar */ 975069 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ten Simple Rules for Editing Wikipedia.pdf|thumb|right|upright|Zaku iya karanta wannan shawarwarin da Turanci]] =='''Shawara ta 1.''' Kayi rajistar account== Duk da cewa zaku iya gyaran Wikipedia, tare da rubuta muƙaloli ba tare da kun yi rajistar account ba, yin rajistar yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Zaku iya zaɓar duk suna ko laƙabin da kuke son amfani da shi, domin yin rijistar kyauta ne. Sannan fahimci cewa duk gyaran da kuka yi, yana akan idanun dukkan editoci da ma masu karatu domin hakan shi ke bada damar sanin abunda kowa ke aiki akai, sannan da gyara abubuwan da ba dai-dai suke ba. Haka zalika, yin rajistar account zai baku wata damar amfani da wasu kebantattun abubuwa wanda sai mai account kawai zai iya amfani dasu, kamar amfani da shafin jerin abubuwan da ake bin sawu. =='''Shawara ta 2.''' Ka fahimci manufofi biyar== Da akwai wasu muhimman manufofin Wikipedia wanda ake kira '''[[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofi biyar]]''', yana da muhimmanci, ku fahimce su, kuma kuyi ƙoƙarin amfani da su a yayin da kuke gyaran Wikipedia. Yana da kyau, ku fahimci Wikipedia bata kawo rahoton labarai, wato wani abu wanda ba a riga an rubuta shi ba, a wata ingantacciyar hanyar samun bayanai ko kuma a sahihan littattafai. Sannan Wikipedia ba dandalin sada fadar ra'ayi bane inda zaka tallata kanka ko wani naka, kai koma wata hajarka. Wikipedia ta bambanta matuƙa da wasu sauran shafukan sada zumunta, dandalin tattaunawa ko kuma gidajen yanar gizon mujallu da jaridu da kuka saba dasu wanda suke bada damar kowa ya fadi ra'ayinsa yadda yake so. Ita Wikipedia, babbar manufar ta ita ce, tattaro dukkan tabbatacce da kuma sahihin ilimi da bayanan abun da ɗan Adam ya sani zuwa wuri guda domin amfanin kowa da kowa. Kasancewar Wikipedia na da editoci mabanbanta ra'ayoyi daga ko ina a duniya, ya zama wajibi kuyi mu'amala da kowa cikin girmamawa da kwanciyar hankali ko da a lokacin muhawara. Sannan Wikipedia bata da kayyadajjen lokacin da aka dibar mata domin gama rubuta ta, hasalima ita aiki ne wanda baida karshe. Saboda haka a ko da yaushe ana maraba da kai. =='''Shawara ta 3.''' Kar ka ji tsoro, amma kasan abun da kake== Indai kaga wata muƙala dake buƙatar wani gyara, ko yaya ƙanƙantar shi to kar ka ji tsoro, kawai ka aiwatar da gyaran. Wikipedia da ma wasu shafukan yanar gizo ce, ci gaban su yana ta'allaƙa ne ga jajircewar masu bada gudummuwa na sakai. Amma yana da kyau, ku bambance gyara mai ma'ana da kuma gyara mara ma'ana. =='''Shawara ta 4.''' Kasan wa kake rubuta mawa== A lokacin da kake rubuta muƙalar Wikipedia, ka fahimci kana yin rubuta ne wanda kowa da kowa zai iya karantawa a duk faɗin duniya. Saboda haka ka yi amfani da sassaukan kalmomi da kuma cikakken bayani domin fahimtar mutane da yawa. Kada ka yi rubutu irin wanda za'a gabatar a gaban taron farfesoshi kada kuma kayi irin wanda za'a gabatar a gaban yan makarantar firamare; saboda haka rubutun ka ya zama tsaka-tsakiya domin sauƙin fahimta. =='''Shawara ta 5.''' Ka guji satar fasaha == Kasancewar kusan duk abunda ke akan Wikipedia an bada shi a lasisin gama-gari ta yadda kowa zai iya amfani da abubuwan dake cikinta, to ya zama wajibi a kiyaye, duk kuma abunda za a sama Wikipedia shima ya zama yana da irin wannan lasisin. Saboda haka, Wikipedia bata ansar ko wane irin rubutu ko hoto wanda bashi da cikakken izini daga mai hakkin mallakar shi. Kada ku kwafo rubutu daga wasu shafukan yanar gizo, ko a litattafai ko jaridu ba tare da izini ba. Duk rubutun da aka tabbatar an kwafo shi daga wani guri ba tare da izini ba ana goge shi da gaggawa a Wikipedia tare dayin gargaɗi ga mai aikata hakan. Wikipedia ta ɗauki [[Haƙƙin mallaka|Haƙƙin Mallaka]] da matuƙar muhimmanci kuma ya zama tilas akan kowane editan Wikipedia ya kiyaye wannan. =='''Shawara ta 6.''' Tabbatar da asalin abun da kake rubutawa== Wikipedia kundin ilimi ne na haƙiƙa. Domin tabbatar da hakan, ya zama tilas duk bayanin da ka bayar ka bada tushensa, wato sahihin wurin kamar jaridu, mujjallu ko litattafai. Haka zalika zaku iya bada tushen bayani ta hanyar malikin su a inda suke akan yanar gizo. Sannan ku fahimci cewa duk bayanin da kuka bayar da tushensa, kowa zai iya bincikawa domin ya tabbatar da gaskiyar al'amarin. Abubuwan da aka gano ba gaskiya bane dole a cire su daga Wikipedia baki ɗaya. =='''Shawara ta 7.''' Ka guji tallata kanka ko hajarka== Talla, kowace kala ce ta yi hannun riga da manufar Wikipedia; ku guje ta. Kada kuyi ƙoƙarin amfani da Wikipedia wajen tallata kanku, ko wani mutum da kuke ƙauna ko kuma wani kasuwanci, ko fahimta ta addini ko siyasa. =='''Shawara ta 8.''' Yi amfani da iliminka cikin hikima== Yana da kyau ku bada gudummuwa a fannin da kuka karanta ko kuka fi sani, kamar ɓangaren ilimin kimiyya, tarihi ko kuma fasahar sadarwa. Amma ku fahimci Wikipedia bata amsar sabon ilimi daka gano ko kuma wani bincike da ka yi, wanda ba a riga an wallafa shi ba a sahiha. =='''Shawara ta 9.''' Yi rubutu daga mahangar da ba son rai== Dukkan muƙaloli dake a cikin Wikipedia ya zama tilas a rubuta su daga mahangar adalci, mahangar da ba bu son rai. In kana rubuta muƙala, ka rubuta iya sahihan bayanai da aka riga aka rubuta a ingantattun litattafai ko sahihan jaridu da makamantansu. =='''Shawara ta 10.''' Yi tambaya akan duk abun da baka gane ba== Wikipedia wani lokaci ta kan yi wahalar fahimta wurin sababbin editoci, musammam ta hanyar amfani wasu da ke wajen sarrafa shafi. Kada ku yi ƙasa a gwuiwa wajen tambaya akan duk wani abu da ya shige maku duhu ko kuke neman ƙarin bayani. Zaku iya neman taimako ta hanyoyi da dama. Ɗaya daga cikinsu shi ne ta hanyar rubuta '''{{tlx|a taimaka mani}}''' akan [[Special:MyTalk|shafinku na tattaunawa]] tare da yin bayani irin taimakon da kuke so. Da zarar kun yi hakan, za a samu wani editan da zai zo ya amsa dukkan tambayoyinku. {{Wikipedia}} as7hkv1a2qm5p0kh4fzr49j1jliazbx 975070 975069 2026-11-01T23:29:55Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Shawara ta 4. Kasan wa kake rubuta mawa */ 975070 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ten Simple Rules for Editing Wikipedia.pdf|thumb|right|upright|Zaku iya karanta wannan shawarwarin da Turanci]] =='''Shawara ta 1.''' Kayi rajistar account== Duk da cewa zaku iya gyaran Wikipedia, tare da rubuta muƙaloli ba tare da kun yi rajistar account ba, yin rajistar yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Zaku iya zaɓar duk suna ko laƙabin da kuke son amfani da shi, domin yin rijistar kyauta ne. Sannan fahimci cewa duk gyaran da kuka yi, yana akan idanun dukkan editoci da ma masu karatu domin hakan shi ke bada damar sanin abunda kowa ke aiki akai, sannan da gyara abubuwan da ba dai-dai suke ba. Haka zalika, yin rajistar account zai baku wata damar amfani da wasu kebantattun abubuwa wanda sai mai account kawai zai iya amfani dasu, kamar amfani da shafin jerin abubuwan da ake bin sawu. =='''Shawara ta 2.''' Ka fahimci manufofi biyar== Da akwai wasu muhimman manufofin Wikipedia wanda ake kira '''[[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofi biyar]]''', yana da muhimmanci, ku fahimce su, kuma kuyi ƙoƙarin amfani da su a yayin da kuke gyaran Wikipedia. Yana da kyau, ku fahimci Wikipedia bata kawo rahoton labarai, wato wani abu wanda ba a riga an rubuta shi ba, a wata ingantacciyar hanyar samun bayanai ko kuma a sahihan littattafai. Sannan Wikipedia ba dandalin sada fadar ra'ayi bane inda zaka tallata kanka ko wani naka, kai koma wata hajarka. Wikipedia ta bambanta matuƙa da wasu sauran shafukan sada zumunta, dandalin tattaunawa ko kuma gidajen yanar gizon mujallu da jaridu da kuka saba dasu wanda suke bada damar kowa ya fadi ra'ayinsa yadda yake so. Ita Wikipedia, babbar manufar ta ita ce, tattaro dukkan tabbatacce da kuma sahihin ilimi da bayanan abun da ɗan Adam ya sani zuwa wuri guda domin amfanin kowa da kowa. Kasancewar Wikipedia na da editoci mabanbanta ra'ayoyi daga ko ina a duniya, ya zama wajibi kuyi mu'amala da kowa cikin girmamawa da kwanciyar hankali ko da a lokacin muhawara. Sannan Wikipedia bata da kayyadajjen lokacin da aka dibar mata domin gama rubuta ta, hasalima ita aiki ne wanda baida karshe. Saboda haka a ko da yaushe ana maraba da kai. =='''Shawara ta 3.''' Kar ka ji tsoro, amma kasan abun da kake== Indai kaga wata muƙala dake buƙatar wani gyara, ko yaya ƙanƙantar shi to kar ka ji tsoro, kawai ka aiwatar da gyaran. Wikipedia da ma wasu shafukan yanar gizo ce, ci gaban su yana ta'allaƙa ne ga jajircewar masu bada gudummuwa na sakai. Amma yana da kyau, ku bambance gyara mai ma'ana da kuma gyara mara ma'ana. =='''Shawara ta 4.''' Kasan wa kake rubuta mawa== A lokacin da kake rubuta muƙalar Wikipedia, ka fahimci kana yin rubuta ne wanda kowa da kowa zai iya karantawa a duk faɗin duniya. Saboda haka ka yi amfani da sassaukan kalmomi da kuma cikakken bayani domin fahimtar mutane da yawa. Kada ka yi rubutu irin wanda za'a gabatar a gaban taron farfesoshi kada kuma ka yi irin wanda za'a gabatar a gaban yan makarantar firamare; saboda haka rubutun ka ya zama tsaka-tsakiya domin sauƙin fahimta. =='''Shawara ta 5.''' Ka guji satar fasaha == Kasancewar kusan duk abunda ke akan Wikipedia an bada shi a lasisin gama-gari ta yadda kowa zai iya amfani da abubuwan dake cikinta, to ya zama wajibi a kiyaye, duk kuma abunda za a sama Wikipedia shima ya zama yana da irin wannan lasisin. Saboda haka, Wikipedia bata ansar ko wane irin rubutu ko hoto wanda bashi da cikakken izini daga mai hakkin mallakar shi. Kada ku kwafo rubutu daga wasu shafukan yanar gizo, ko a litattafai ko jaridu ba tare da izini ba. Duk rubutun da aka tabbatar an kwafo shi daga wani guri ba tare da izini ba ana goge shi da gaggawa a Wikipedia tare dayin gargaɗi ga mai aikata hakan. Wikipedia ta ɗauki [[Haƙƙin mallaka|Haƙƙin Mallaka]] da matuƙar muhimmanci kuma ya zama tilas akan kowane editan Wikipedia ya kiyaye wannan. =='''Shawara ta 6.''' Tabbatar da asalin abun da kake rubutawa== Wikipedia kundin ilimi ne na haƙiƙa. Domin tabbatar da hakan, ya zama tilas duk bayanin da ka bayar ka bada tushensa, wato sahihin wurin kamar jaridu, mujjallu ko litattafai. Haka zalika zaku iya bada tushen bayani ta hanyar malikin su a inda suke akan yanar gizo. Sannan ku fahimci cewa duk bayanin da kuka bayar da tushensa, kowa zai iya bincikawa domin ya tabbatar da gaskiyar al'amarin. Abubuwan da aka gano ba gaskiya bane dole a cire su daga Wikipedia baki ɗaya. =='''Shawara ta 7.''' Ka guji tallata kanka ko hajarka== Talla, kowace kala ce ta yi hannun riga da manufar Wikipedia; ku guje ta. Kada kuyi ƙoƙarin amfani da Wikipedia wajen tallata kanku, ko wani mutum da kuke ƙauna ko kuma wani kasuwanci, ko fahimta ta addini ko siyasa. =='''Shawara ta 8.''' Yi amfani da iliminka cikin hikima== Yana da kyau ku bada gudummuwa a fannin da kuka karanta ko kuka fi sani, kamar ɓangaren ilimin kimiyya, tarihi ko kuma fasahar sadarwa. Amma ku fahimci Wikipedia bata amsar sabon ilimi daka gano ko kuma wani bincike da ka yi, wanda ba a riga an wallafa shi ba a sahiha. =='''Shawara ta 9.''' Yi rubutu daga mahangar da ba son rai== Dukkan muƙaloli dake a cikin Wikipedia ya zama tilas a rubuta su daga mahangar adalci, mahangar da ba bu son rai. In kana rubuta muƙala, ka rubuta iya sahihan bayanai da aka riga aka rubuta a ingantattun litattafai ko sahihan jaridu da makamantansu. =='''Shawara ta 10.''' Yi tambaya akan duk abun da baka gane ba== Wikipedia wani lokaci ta kan yi wahalar fahimta wurin sababbin editoci, musammam ta hanyar amfani wasu da ke wajen sarrafa shafi. Kada ku yi ƙasa a gwuiwa wajen tambaya akan duk wani abu da ya shige maku duhu ko kuke neman ƙarin bayani. Zaku iya neman taimako ta hanyoyi da dama. Ɗaya daga cikinsu shi ne ta hanyar rubuta '''{{tlx|a taimaka mani}}''' akan [[Special:MyTalk|shafinku na tattaunawa]] tare da yin bayani irin taimakon da kuke so. Da zarar kun yi hakan, za a samu wani editan da zai zo ya amsa dukkan tambayoyinku. {{Wikipedia}} git2enosbf3cjjo17l69cfhuqsvlxaz 975071 975070 2026-11-01T23:32:33Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Shawara ta 5. Ka guji satar fasaha */ 975071 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ten Simple Rules for Editing Wikipedia.pdf|thumb|right|upright|Zaku iya karanta wannan shawarwarin da Turanci]] =='''Shawara ta 1.''' Kayi rajistar account== Duk da cewa zaku iya gyaran Wikipedia, tare da rubuta muƙaloli ba tare da kun yi rajistar account ba, yin rajistar yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Zaku iya zaɓar duk suna ko laƙabin da kuke son amfani da shi, domin yin rijistar kyauta ne. Sannan fahimci cewa duk gyaran da kuka yi, yana akan idanun dukkan editoci da ma masu karatu domin hakan shi ke bada damar sanin abunda kowa ke aiki akai, sannan da gyara abubuwan da ba dai-dai suke ba. Haka zalika, yin rajistar account zai baku wata damar amfani da wasu kebantattun abubuwa wanda sai mai account kawai zai iya amfani dasu, kamar amfani da shafin jerin abubuwan da ake bin sawu. =='''Shawara ta 2.''' Ka fahimci manufofi biyar== Da akwai wasu muhimman manufofin Wikipedia wanda ake kira '''[[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofi biyar]]''', yana da muhimmanci, ku fahimce su, kuma kuyi ƙoƙarin amfani da su a yayin da kuke gyaran Wikipedia. Yana da kyau, ku fahimci Wikipedia bata kawo rahoton labarai, wato wani abu wanda ba a riga an rubuta shi ba, a wata ingantacciyar hanyar samun bayanai ko kuma a sahihan littattafai. Sannan Wikipedia ba dandalin sada fadar ra'ayi bane inda zaka tallata kanka ko wani naka, kai koma wata hajarka. Wikipedia ta bambanta matuƙa da wasu sauran shafukan sada zumunta, dandalin tattaunawa ko kuma gidajen yanar gizon mujallu da jaridu da kuka saba dasu wanda suke bada damar kowa ya fadi ra'ayinsa yadda yake so. Ita Wikipedia, babbar manufar ta ita ce, tattaro dukkan tabbatacce da kuma sahihin ilimi da bayanan abun da ɗan Adam ya sani zuwa wuri guda domin amfanin kowa da kowa. Kasancewar Wikipedia na da editoci mabanbanta ra'ayoyi daga ko ina a duniya, ya zama wajibi kuyi mu'amala da kowa cikin girmamawa da kwanciyar hankali ko da a lokacin muhawara. Sannan Wikipedia bata da kayyadajjen lokacin da aka dibar mata domin gama rubuta ta, hasalima ita aiki ne wanda baida karshe. Saboda haka a ko da yaushe ana maraba da kai. =='''Shawara ta 3.''' Kar ka ji tsoro, amma kasan abun da kake== Indai kaga wata muƙala dake buƙatar wani gyara, ko yaya ƙanƙantar shi to kar ka ji tsoro, kawai ka aiwatar da gyaran. Wikipedia da ma wasu shafukan yanar gizo ce, ci gaban su yana ta'allaƙa ne ga jajircewar masu bada gudummuwa na sakai. Amma yana da kyau, ku bambance gyara mai ma'ana da kuma gyara mara ma'ana. =='''Shawara ta 4.''' Kasan wa kake rubuta mawa== A lokacin da kake rubuta muƙalar Wikipedia, ka fahimci kana yin rubuta ne wanda kowa da kowa zai iya karantawa a duk faɗin duniya. Saboda haka ka yi amfani da sassaukan kalmomi da kuma cikakken bayani domin fahimtar mutane da yawa. Kada ka yi rubutu irin wanda za'a gabatar a gaban taron farfesoshi kada kuma ka yi irin wanda za'a gabatar a gaban yan makarantar firamare; saboda haka rubutun ka ya zama tsaka-tsakiya domin sauƙin fahimta. =='''Shawara ta 5.''' Ka guji satar fasaha == Kasancewar kusan duk abunda ke akan Wikipedia an bada shi a lasisin gama-gari ta yadda kowa zai iya amfani da abubuwan dake cikinta, to ya zama wajibi a kiyaye, duk kuma abunda za a sama Wikipedia shima ya zama yana da irin wannan lasisin. Saboda haka, Wikipedia bata ansar ko wane irin rubutu ko hoto wanda bashi da cikakken izini daga mai hakkin mallakar shi. Kada ku kwafo rubutu daga wasu shafukan yanar gizo, ko a litattafai ko jaridu ba tare da izini ba. Duk rubutun da aka tabbatar an kwafo shi daga wani guri ba tare da izini ba ana goge shi da gaggawa a Wikipedia tare dayin gargaɗi ga mai aikata hakan. Wikipedia ta ɗauki [[Haƙƙin mallaka|Haƙƙin Mallaka]] da matuƙar muhimmanci kuma ya zama tilas a kan kowane editan Wikipedia ya kiyaye wannan. =='''Shawara ta 6.''' Tabbatar da asalin abun da kake rubutawa== Wikipedia kundin ilimi ne na haƙiƙa. Domin tabbatar da hakan, ya zama tilas duk bayanin da ka bayar ka bada tushensa, wato sahihin wurin kamar jaridu, mujjallu ko litattafai. Haka zalika zaku iya bada tushen bayani ta hanyar malikin su a inda suke akan yanar gizo. Sannan ku fahimci cewa duk bayanin da kuka bayar da tushensa, kowa zai iya bincikawa domin ya tabbatar da gaskiyar al'amarin. Abubuwan da aka gano ba gaskiya bane dole a cire su daga Wikipedia baki ɗaya. =='''Shawara ta 7.''' Ka guji tallata kanka ko hajarka== Talla, kowace kala ce ta yi hannun riga da manufar Wikipedia; ku guje ta. Kada kuyi ƙoƙarin amfani da Wikipedia wajen tallata kanku, ko wani mutum da kuke ƙauna ko kuma wani kasuwanci, ko fahimta ta addini ko siyasa. =='''Shawara ta 8.''' Yi amfani da iliminka cikin hikima== Yana da kyau ku bada gudummuwa a fannin da kuka karanta ko kuka fi sani, kamar ɓangaren ilimin kimiyya, tarihi ko kuma fasahar sadarwa. Amma ku fahimci Wikipedia bata amsar sabon ilimi daka gano ko kuma wani bincike da ka yi, wanda ba a riga an wallafa shi ba a sahiha. =='''Shawara ta 9.''' Yi rubutu daga mahangar da ba son rai== Dukkan muƙaloli dake a cikin Wikipedia ya zama tilas a rubuta su daga mahangar adalci, mahangar da ba bu son rai. In kana rubuta muƙala, ka rubuta iya sahihan bayanai da aka riga aka rubuta a ingantattun litattafai ko sahihan jaridu da makamantansu. =='''Shawara ta 10.''' Yi tambaya akan duk abun da baka gane ba== Wikipedia wani lokaci ta kan yi wahalar fahimta wurin sababbin editoci, musammam ta hanyar amfani wasu da ke wajen sarrafa shafi. Kada ku yi ƙasa a gwuiwa wajen tambaya akan duk wani abu da ya shige maku duhu ko kuke neman ƙarin bayani. Zaku iya neman taimako ta hanyoyi da dama. Ɗaya daga cikinsu shi ne ta hanyar rubuta '''{{tlx|a taimaka mani}}''' akan [[Special:MyTalk|shafinku na tattaunawa]] tare da yin bayani irin taimakon da kuke so. Da zarar kun yi hakan, za a samu wani editan da zai zo ya amsa dukkan tambayoyinku. {{Wikipedia}} 6aiegbge4a3anhiqcqoa3fw7k5nb2ui 0 8540 975132 584073 2026-11-02T07:19:39Z CommonsDelinker 75 Replacing SouthernSudanMap.png with [[File:Sudan_&_Southern_Sudan_map_(2005-2011).png]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · The Sudan map reflects the situati 975132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{hujja}} [[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|thumb|200px|Tutar Sudan ta Kudu]] {{Databox}} [[File:Sudan & Southern Sudan map (2005-2011).png|thumb|sudan ta kudu]] [[File:South Sudan hd (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|duniyar Sudan ta kudu]] [[File:Juba (8184843425).jpg|240px|right|thumbnail|Juba, babban birnin ƙasar]] [[Fayil:Ganado, Imehejek, Sudán del Sur, 2024-01-21, DD 10.jpg|thumb|shanu a sudan ta kudu]] '''Sudan ta Kudu,''' ko '''Jamhuriyar Sudan ta Kudu,'''(da [[Turanci]]: '''Republic of South Sudan''') ƙasa ce, da ke a nahiyar [[Afirka]]. Sudan ta Kudu tana da girman fili kimanin kilomitar, (619,745) Sudan ta Kudu tana da yawan jama'a da suka kai kimanin, (12,230,730) bisa ga jimillar shekara ta, (2016).Sudan,ta Kudu tana da iyaka da [[Afirka ta Tsakiya]],da [[Ethiopia]], da [[Kenya]],da [[Jamhuriyar dimokuradiyya Kwango|Jamhuriya. dimokuradiyya Kwango]], da [[Sudan]] kuma da [[Uganda]].Babban birnin Sudan ta Kudu,[[Juba]] ne. [[File:Salva Kiir Mayardit at the White House (cropped).jpg|thumb|Salva Kiir Mayardit shugaba na yanzu a kasar]] Shugaban ƙasar Sudan ta Kudu [[Salva Kiir Mayardit]] ne. Mataimakin shugaban ƙasa [[James Wani Igga]] ne. [[File:Oil processing facility in South Sudan, 2012.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Cibiyar sarrafa mai a jihar Unity, Sudan ta Kudu (tsohuwar Sudan a da), 2012]] ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:South_Sudan_005.jpg|Mata a Sudan ta Kudu File:Barn_(luak)_near_Bor,_South_Sudan.jpg|Barn (luak) near Bor, South Sudan File:An_Ariel_view_of_buildings_and_homes_in_Juba_city.jpg|Birnin Juba File:Ami_for_the_top.jpg|Sudan ta Kudu File:Shrine_of_Nyikang.png|Shrine of Nyikang File:Huts_outside_Wau,Sudan.jpg|Wau Sudan File:New_Kenya_-_panoramio.jpg|New Kenya File:Juba_(8184843425).jpg|Juba </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Afirka}} {{stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sudan ta Kudu}} [[Category:Ƙasashen Afirka]]. qninc7ret4xmodwxoj6zrrlfz7bfh15 0 8761 975148 970905 2026-11-02T10:42:39Z Maryam jafar abubakar 49472 975148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Kasuwar potiskum.jpg|thumb]] '''Potiskum''' karamar [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|hukuma]] ce dake cikin [[Yobe|jihar Yobe]] wanda ke arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]], tana kan babbar hanyar A3 a{{Coord|11|43|N|11|04|E|region:NG_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/news/four-killed-two-missing-in-potiskum-flood/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-12-28 |archive-date=2022-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228060931/https://guardian.ng/news/four-killed-two-missing-in-potiskum-flood/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[File:Potiskum pronouncing.wav|thumb]] == Tarihi == Garin [[Potiskum]] mazauni ne ga tsarin [[gargajiya]] da na al'umma wanda aka fi sani da Masarautar [[Fika]]. A tarihi abin da aka fi sani da [[Masarautar]] [[fika]] mai hidimtawa a Potiskum ita ce ’yar kwakwalwar Turawan Mulkin Mallaka na [[Birtaniya|Ingila]] wadanda suka yi amfani da kabilun ’yan asalin yankin da suka hada da [[Kare-Kare]], [[Ngizim]], [[Ngamo]], kanuri, [[Bolewa]], [[Fulani]] da [[Hausawa]] suka kafa gwamnatin tsakiya<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2017/11/22/the-story-of-potiskum/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-12-28 |archive-date=2022-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228061506/https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2017/11/22/the-story-of-potiskum/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> sai,dai kuma kasancewar anfisanin masarautar fika da mulkin garin,amma tanada wata masarauta acikin garin da akemasa lakabi da masarautar potiskum. == Sarkin [[Potiskum]] == [[Fayil:Potiskum emire palace.jg.jpg|thumb|Gidan mai martaba sarkin potiskum]] Sarkin Potiskum shi ne Mai Umar Ibn Wuriwa Bauya. == Tattalin Arziki == Potiskum ta kasance babbar cibiyar [[kasuwanci]] a jihar [[Yobe]], saboda dabarun da take da shi a matsayin ta na cibiyar kasuwanci, koyo, farfado da [[ruhi]] da al'adu. [[Mutanen Soninke|Mutanen]] da suka fito daga [[Borno|jihohin Borno]] da [[Jigawa]] da [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]] da [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]] da [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]] da wasu da dama daga kasashen [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nigar]] da [[Cadi|Chadi]] da [[Kamaru]] da [[Benin]] da [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]],suna da hannun jari a kasuwar shanu mafi girma dake yankin kudu da saharar hamadar, wadda ke garin Potiskum. Kuma suna da yawan manyan wuraren gyarawa a [[Najeriya]]. [[Fayil:Traditional Dancers performing During 2023 Sallah Festival at Potiskum Emirate Palace, Yobe State, Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Potiskum]] Don haka, an san Potiskum da kasuwanni kamar haka; .kasuwan [[dabbobi]], Kasuwar [[shanu]], Kasuwar [[Wayoyin hannu da tsaron masu tafiya|Wayoyin hannu]],(kasuwar tsaye) .kasuwar [[hatsi]], Dakumah babbar kasuwa.[[Fayil:Kasuwa. Hatsi Potiskum.jpg|thumb|Kasuwar Potiskum]] Binchike yanunah potiskum itache birni mafi girma a jihar Yobe da ke da hada-hada ko ache habakar kasuwanci a yammacin jihar Yobe. Tana da kasuwar dabbobi mafi girma a Afirca kuma mafi girma a yammacin Afirca. Yawancin [[shanu]] ana jigilar su zuwa wasu sassan kasar kamar su inugu, legas,wari, fatakot, da sauransu. == Tsarin kasa. Haka zalika karamar hukumar potiskum, tana dauke da yankuna kamar,bolawa A, bolawa B, dogo tebo, dogo Nini, yarimaram, Damagun,dancuwa,mamudo, dakuma ngojin,alaraba,da yandiski. == Tana. Da {{Convert|559|km2}} Yawan jama'a A shekara ta 2023 511,448 2022 483,346 2021 454,813 2020 426,253 2019 398,160 2018 371,040 2017 345,351 2016 321,441 2015 299,186 <reference "wold population review #[[User:Abba Pkm|Abba Pkm]] ([[User talk:Abba Pkm|talk]]) 21:53, 9 Disamba 2023 (UTC) == Fitattun mutane == * Lamba Shua'ibu * Alhaji Idi Wadina Lailai * Alhaji Baba Adi * Alhaji Baba Gimba * Alhaji Adamu Maina Waziri * Alhaji Adamu Chiroma * Fatsuma Talba * Hajiya A,e mai Katangan nera * Alhaji Adamu Bazuwa * Alhaji kwalo * Alhaji Mai Dirmi * Alhaji Guza. * Hakimi Garba na malam madi * Hajiya Uwani Bajoga * Alhaji Musa Lawan *Alhaji bakoji. *alhaji Hassan rimi Dan malikin potiskum *Ummaru aljan *alhaji mamma fara fara *Alhaji adamu sale kusulwa *Alhaji Adamun Mama. *hakimi salisu auwal *Dan baba galda *Alhaji Hassan dabare santurakin tikau *Ibrahim Muhammad bomoi *muhammed Hassan dambu *Alhaji Ibrahim Dan Fulani *baradan potiskum *Alhaji wammi nahuta *Alhaji adamu chillariye *Adamu waziri *Jibir janko *Adamu bazuwa *alhaji isubu *dagazurwa == Filin Jirgin Saman Potiskum == [[Potiskum Airstrip|Filin jirgin saman Potiskum]] yana cikin GRA na birni daga yammacin garin, a kan hanyar [[Kano]]. Ofishin Hukumar Kula da Sararin [[Samaniya]] ta Najeriya (NAMA) da ke wannan filin girgin saman, wanda ya kamata ya dauki nauyin isar da bayanan zirga-zirgar jiragen ga jiragen da ke shawagi a sararin samaniyar, bai cika aiki ba saboda na'urorin da aka sanya a wurin ba su da kayan aiki. kwamfutoci don baiwa ma'aikatan a kimiyyance su hango jiragen sama suna shawagi a sararin saman Potiskum. Filin jirgin dai ya zo ne a lokacin da ‘yan mulkin mallaka suka yi wa nahiyar [[Afirka]] kaca-kaca domin Potiskum gari ne mai yaduwa a arewacin kasar wanda tun da farko [[Jamus]] ta mamaye kasar kafin [[Birtaniya|Ingila]] ta karbi ragamar mulkin kasar. Makasudin gina filin jirgin shi ne don a samu saukin zirga-zirgar farar hula a ciki da wajen Potiskum domin kuwa garin ya kasance kofar shiga wasu garuruwan da ke kusa da arewacin kasar, lamarin da ya kara habaka harkokin kasuwanci da sauran harkokin kasuwanci a yankin. Haka zalika potiskum tana da matasa masu hikima a bangaren kere kere dakuma gyaran ababan amfanin rayuwa koma wane urine dukda sunada karancin kamfanunuwa Amma Hakan Bai saukar da tattalin arzikin jiharba Dan mutanen jihar sun dukufane gurin Sana,u iri iri kamar su. . Noma .Kiwo .sana,ar hannu .Wanda masana sungano cewa duk kasar Nigeria Babu jihar da takeda kasa Mai dauke da sinadarai Daban Daban kamarsu. .laka .yashi .tabo. .dadai sauransu Wanda ana iya noman kowane irin launin abin da'ake Nomawa a jiar potiskum. A watan Yulin shekarar (2009) 'yan [[Boko Haram]] sun qona ofishin 'yan sanda guda Biyu a lokacin da suka tayar da zaune tsaye. <ref>''[http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2009/07/2009727134953755877.html Deadly Nigeria Clashes Spread]''. Al Jazeera English - Africa, July 27, 2009</ref> Wani harin da aka kai a watan Mayun (2012) a kasuwar shanu an kashe mutane sama da 34, amma da alama harin daga wasu masu laifin ne na neman daukar fansa, ba Boko Haram ba. <ref>''[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-17936549 Nigeria’s Potiskum Cattle Market Raid ‘Kills Dozens.’['' BBC News, May 3, 2012</ref> <ref>''[http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/resident-walks-among-burnt-cattle-market-in-northeast-news-photo/143817828 A Resident Walks among Burnt Cattle Market in Northeast Nigerian Town of Potiskum on May 4, 2012]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}''. Getty Images. Accessed January 18, 2015</ref> A ranar [[Kirsimeti|25 ga Disamba]], 2012, an yi harbin jama'a a coci. A ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2014, akalla mutane 30 ne suka mutu a wani harin kunar bakin wake da aka kai a wani jerin gwano na [[Shi'a|mabiya mazhabar Shi'a]] a makarantar Fudiyya. <ref>Musikilu Mojeed. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201501040153.html Nigeria: Car Bomb Explosion Kills 6 in Yobe]''. Premium Times - allAfrica.com, December 31, 2014</ref> Gwamnan jihar Yobe, [[Ibrahim Gaidam]], ya yi wa 'yan kungiyar Harkar [[Harkar Musulunci a Najeriya|Musulunci a Najeriya]] (ISMN) alkawarin cewa zaiyi chikakken binchike don bukatar cikakken bi kan zargin harbe mambobinta da sojojin da aka tura wurin da aka kai harin suka yi. <ref>Njadvara Musa. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411070714.html Nigeria: Yobe to Probe Potiskum Blast, Death Toll Rises to 30]''. The Guardian - allAfrica.com. Accessed January 18, 2015</ref> <ref name="njadvaramusa">Njadvara Musa. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411070714.html Nigeria: Yobe to Probe Potiskum Blast, Death Toll Rises to 30].'' The Guardian - allAfrica.com. 6 Nov 2014. Accessed January 18, 2015</ref> A ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2014, an gano wasu mutane goma sha shida da sojojin Najeriya suka kama a sakamakon raunukan harsasai da suka samu sa'o'i kadan bayan haka. Wata majiyar kuma ta sanya adadin zuwa goma sha takwas. <ref>Hamisu Kabir Matazu and Ibrahim Kabiru Sule. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201411071589.html Nigeria: Tension in Potiskum As Soldiers Kill 18]''. Daily Trust - allAfrica.com, November 7, 2014</ref> <ref name="njadvaramusa"/> A ranar 10 ga Nuwamba, 2014 akalla yara maza 46 ne suka mutu sannan 79 suka jikkata, ta hanyar wani dan kunar bakin wake a yayin taron dalibai a Makarantar Sakandaren Kimiyya ta Gwamnati." <ref>''[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29985252 Nigeria School Blast in Potiskum Kills Dozens]''. BBC News - Africa, November 10, 2014.</ref> <ref>Schiavenza, Matt. ''[https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/11/Suspected-Boko-Haram-Suicide-Bomber-Kills-50-Students-at-Government-Science-Technical-College-Potiskum/382595/ Suspected Boko Haram Suicide Bomber Kills 50 in Government Science Technical College Potiskum]'' The Atlantic, 10 November 2014</ref> <ref>Nossiter, Adam. ''[https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/11/world/africa/nigeria-suicide-bomber-boko-haram.html Bomb at School in Nigeria Kills Nearly 50 Boys]''. [[New York Times]], November 10, 2014</ref> A ranar 11 ga watan Junairun shekarar 2015, an kashe mutane hudu tare da raunata sama da 40 a kasuwar Jagwal GSM bayan harin da wasu mata biyu ‘yan kunar bakin wake suka kai, wadanda daya daga cikinsu ya bayyana mai kimanin shekaru 15 da haihuwa. <ref>Ndahi Marama With Agency Reports. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201501120572.html Nigeria: Female Suicide Bombers Kill 39 in Potiskum, Maiduguri Markets]''. Vanguard - allAfrica.com, 12 January 2015</ref> <ref>''[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-30787105 In Pictures: Aftermath of Bombing in Nigerian Town of Potiskum]''. BBC News, 12 January 2015</ref> Hakazalika wani harin bom da ya hada da wata mota da aka faka a ranar, ya kashe mutane biyu tare da raunata daya, a ofishin ‘yan sanda na shiyya. <ref>Hamisu Kabir Matazu. ''[http://allafrica.com/stories/201501120608.html Nigeria: Fresh Bomb Blast Kills Two Policemen in Potiskum]''. Daily Trust - allAfrica.com, 11 January 2015</ref> A ranar 13 ga Janairu, 2015, Gwamna Ibrahim Gaidam ya yi Allah wadai da hare-haren, kuma ya ba da shawarar kafa Cibiyar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa a Babban Asibitin da ke Potiskum. Ya ce za a biya kudaden jinyar wadanda suka jikkata a harin, ciki har da wadanda suka jikkata da aka kai wasu asibitoci domin yi musu magani. <ref>''[http://www.channelstv.com/2015/01/13/gaidam-proposes-emergency-centre-at-potiskum-hospital/ Gaidam Proposes Emergency Centre At Potiskum Hospital]''. Channels Television, 13 January 2015</ref> A ranakun 22 da 24 ga watan Fabrairun 2015, 'yan kunar bakin wake sun kashe mutane 22. A ranar 5 ga Yuli, 2015, an kashe mutane shida a wani harin kunar bakin wake ALKALUMA An yi hasashen cewa potiskum zai kasance [[birni]] na bakwai mafi girma cikin sauri a [[nahiyar Afirka]] tsakanin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin 2020 zuwa 2025, tare da habakar 5.65%. == Fitattun mutane == * Idris Alkali, tsohon shugaban gwamnati, hedkwatar sojoji *Adamu ciroma,Tsohon Ministan Kudi *Sheik Sa'idu Malami mai koyarda karatun Allo da Littattafan Musulunci *Sheik Khabir Malami mai koyarda karatun Littattafan Musulunci *Sheik Mai Buzun Kwami,Masanin Al'qur Ani wanda ya tara Almajirai fiyeda dubu Ashirin.#[[User:Abba Pkm|Abba Pkm]] ([[User talk:Abba Pkm|talk]]) 21:55, 9 Disamba 2023 (UTC) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}<ref>https://aminiya.ng/rikici-ya-%C9%93arke-tsakanin-yan-kasuwar-potiskum-a-yobe/</ref>"Dailytrust News, Sports and Business, Politics | Dailytrust" . Daily Trust . Retrieved 2022-05-08.{{Yobe State}} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 58ilmo3zpon39uahxkfqsrubigbw7p4 0 9213 974769 974124 2026-11-01T13:19:12Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 974769 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Baure, Nijeriya|Baure]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bayo, Nijeriya|Bayo]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Biu, Nijeriya|Biu]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bonny, Nijeriya|Bonny]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dan Musa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |[[Orumba North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshimili South]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Osisioma]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oturkpo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ovia North-East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ovia South-West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owerri North]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oyo West]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyo East]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Pankshin]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Roni, Nigeria|Roni]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Sanga, Nigeria|Sanga]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Sapele, Delta|Sapele]] |Delta State |- |[[Sardauna]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Shagari, Nigeria|Shagari]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Shani, Nigeria|Shani]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] mcw2cvaum9qmfc6eaj0isr0jugit9u6 974770 974769 2026-11-01T13:20:17Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 974770 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Baure, Nijeriya|Baure]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Biu, Nijeriya|Biu]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bonny, Nijeriya|Bonny]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dan Musa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |[[Orumba North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshimili South]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Osisioma]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oturkpo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ovia North-East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ovia South-West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owerri North]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oyo West]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyo East]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Pankshin]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Roni, Nigeria|Roni]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Sanga, Nigeria|Sanga]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Sapele, Delta|Sapele]] |Delta State |- |[[Sardauna]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Shagari, Nigeria|Shagari]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Shani, Nigeria|Shani]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] 663552twbmbwmbxp2xf8nyepio3405c 974772 974770 2026-11-01T13:20:56Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 974772 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Baure, Nijeriya|Baure]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Biu, Nijeriya|Biu]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bonny, Nijeriya|Bonny]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dan Musa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |[[Orumba North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshimili South]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Osisioma]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oturkpo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ovia North-East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ovia South-West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owerri North]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oyo West]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyo East]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Pankshin]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Roni, Nigeria|Roni]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Sapele, Delta|Sapele]] |Delta State |- |[[Sardauna]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Shagari, Nigeria|Shagari]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Shani, Nigeria|Shani]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] sqbtgoos1htmmwc1d9qvq0aizncfg3n 974773 974772 2026-11-01T13:21:27Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 974773 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Baure, Nijeriya|Baure]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Biu, Nijeriya|Biu]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bonny, Nijeriya|Bonny]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dan Musa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |[[Orumba North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshimili South]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Osisioma]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oturkpo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ovia North-East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ovia South-West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owerri North]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oyo West]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyo East]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Pankshin]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Roni, Nigeria|Roni]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |[[Sardauna]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Shagari, Nigeria|Shagari]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Shani, Nigeria|Shani]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] f5bwyutvv9wb62a2l0eq0j099dkw1pm 974774 974773 2026-11-01T13:22:31Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 974774 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Biu, Nijeriya|Biu]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bonny, Nijeriya|Bonny]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dan Musa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |[[Orumba North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshimili South]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Osisioma]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oturkpo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ovia North-East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ovia South-West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owerri North]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oyo West]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyo East]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Pankshin]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Roni, Nigeria|Roni]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |[[Sardauna]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Shagari, Nigeria|Shagari]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Shani, Nigeria|Shani]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] 6nstmfgenaa6nco13l625wipchtdxfq 974775 974774 2026-11-01T13:23:03Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 974775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Biu, Nijeriya|Biu]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bonny, Nijeriya|Bonny]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dan Musa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |[[Orumba North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshimili South]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Osisioma]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oturkpo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ovia North-East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ovia South-West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owerri North]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oyo West]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyo East]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Pankshin]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Roni, Nigeria|Roni]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Shagari, Nigeria|Shagari]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Shani, Nigeria|Shani]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] 9cafirl8ddnjik2id72un5hrqlvl77k 974776 974775 2026-11-01T13:23:45Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 974776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Biu, Nijeriya|Biu]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bonny, Nijeriya|Bonny]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dan Musa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |[[Orumba North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshimili South]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Osisioma]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oturkpo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ovia North-East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ovia South-West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owerri North]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oyo West]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyo East]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Pankshin]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Roni, Nigeria|Roni]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Shagari, Nigeria|Shagari]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Shani, Nigeria|Shani]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] l6jvuyea52ud23oc1ooazr9eh3tljl5 974779 974776 2026-11-01T13:25:24Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 974779 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bonny, Nijeriya|Bonny]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dan Musa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |[[Orumba North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshimili South]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Osisioma]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oturkpo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ovia North-East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ovia South-West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owerri North]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oyo West]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyo East]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Pankshin]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Roni, Nigeria|Roni]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Shagari, Nigeria|Shagari]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Shani, Nigeria|Shani]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] pwkzve68xd4jnwn6asxds3ui6enxx6e 974780 974779 2026-11-01T13:26:17Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 974780 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bonny, Nijeriya|Bonny]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dan Musa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |[[Orumba North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshimili South]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Osisioma]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oturkpo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ovia North-East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ovia South-West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owerri North]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oyo West]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyo East]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Pankshin]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Roni, Nigeria|Roni]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Shani, Nigeria|Shani]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] 59zwr19l662lwid5znh962e2ooktv97 974781 974780 2026-11-01T13:28:15Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 974781 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bonny, Nijeriya|Bonny]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dan Musa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |[[Orumba North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshimili South]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Osisioma]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oturkpo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ovia North-East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ovia South-West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owerri North]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oyo West]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyo East]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Pankshin]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Roni, Nigeria|Roni]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Shani, Nigeria|Shani]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] ftq01ilfulekodiobxlyvqoykhgyr8l 974783 974781 2026-11-01T13:30:14Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 974783 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bonny, Nijeriya|Bonny]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dan Musa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |[[Orumba North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshimili South]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Osisioma]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oturkpo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ovia North-East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ovia South-West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owerri North]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oyo West]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyo East]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Pankshin]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Roni, Nigeria|Roni]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Shani, Nigeria|Shani]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] tejcved4xz8xf3h2ibtj4h5pf259yii 974784 974783 2026-11-01T13:31:37Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 974784 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bonny, Nijeriya|Bonny]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dan Musa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |[[Orumba North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshimili South]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Osisioma]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oturkpo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ovia North-East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ovia South-West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owerri North]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oyo West]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyo East]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Pankshin]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Roni, Nigeria|Roni]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Shani, Nigeria|Shani]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] q2ddichisws57a3f8krs4v5v723g0b8 974785 974784 2026-11-01T13:32:37Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 974785 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bonny, Nijeriya|Bonny]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dan Musa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |[[Orumba North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshimili South]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oturkpo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ovia North-East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ovia South-West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owerri North]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oyo West]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyo East]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Pankshin]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Roni, Nigeria|Roni]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Shani, Nigeria|Shani]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] 5yr037vm1q21dd2i05hw4whi1opz0vu 974788 974785 2026-11-01T13:33:52Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 974788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bonny, Nijeriya|Bonny]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dan Musa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |[[Orumba North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshimili South]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oturkpo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ovia North-East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ovia South-West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owerri North]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oyo West]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyo East]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Pankshin]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Roni, Nigeria|Roni]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] dqtargl4sgnpjbz6roa2cyj6xx5h4e8 974791 974788 2026-11-01T13:34:50Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 974791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bonny, Nijeriya|Bonny]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dan Musa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |[[Orumba North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshimili South]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oturkpo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ovia North-East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ovia South-West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owerri North]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oyo West]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyo East]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Pankshin]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Roni, Nigeria|Roni]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] paszm130ua8j74nplb6utvp8enrou6g 974792 974791 2026-11-01T13:36:06Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi */ 974792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Image:Nigeria Local Government Areas.png|thumb|right|350px|Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya]] '''Ƙananan Hukumomi a Najeriya,''' [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] nada adadin ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba'in da huɗu (774). Kuma kowace ƙaramar hukuma tana da shugabanni da suke da ikon gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. Shugaba a ƙaramar hukuma shi ne {{chairman}}, wanda shi ne babban mai ikon zartarwa, sannan mambobinsa waɗanda ake zaɓen su tare wato Kansiloli (councillors). Akan rarraba kowace ƙaramar hukuma zuwa ƙananan [[Mazaba|mazaɓu]] wanda duk ƙaramar hukuma nada adadin mazaɓa ƙaranci guda goma (10), mafi yawa kuma guda goma sha biyar (15).<ref>https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/07/18/halting-kleptocratic-capture-of-local-government-in-nigeria-pub-87513</ref> == Ayyukan Ƙaramar Hukuma a Nijeriya == Ayyukan da ƙananan hukumomin da ke [[Nijeriya]] ke yi ko suke da damar yi, na nan a bayyane cikin Constitution (kundin tsarin mulki) amma daga cikin irin ayyukan da suke yi: *Bijiro da tsarin tattalin arziƙi ga gwamnatin jiha; *Karɓar haraji da kuɗaɗen da ta yi ayyuka; *Samarwa, Kafawa da kula da maƙabartu, wuraren binne mutane da gidajen gajiyayyu ko marasa karfi; *Bayar da izini ga masu ababen hawa, kamar, keke, trucks (other than mechanically propelled trucks), kwale-kwale, baro, da amalenke; *Samarwa, Kulawa da gudanar kasuwanni, wuraren ajiye motoci da wuraren shakatawan jama'a; *Ginawa da kuma kula da Kananan hanyoyi (roads), layika (streets), hanyoyin ruwa (drains) da wasu manyan hanyoyin jama'a, wurin hutu, da wasu budaddun wuraren; *Sama hanyoyi da layika suna, daba gidaje lamba; *Samarwa da kula da ababen tafiye-tafiye na jama'a da wurin zubda shara; *Yin rijista wadanda aka haifa, wadanda suka mutu, da wadanda suka yi aure; *Binciken gidajen al'ummah ko na 'yan haya saboda kayyade adadin kudin daya kamata su biya haraji, kamar yadda majalisar jiha ta kayyade, *Tsarawa da kula da yadda ake gudanar da tallace-tallace, tafiya da ajiye dabbobin kiwo, shaguna da kiosks, wuraren cin abinci da wasu wuraren da ake sayar da abinci ga jama'an, da kuma wuraren wanki da guga. == Jerin Ƙananan Hukumomi == {| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" |- !Mazauni !Jiha !Shafin yanar gizo |- |[[Abadam]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Abaji]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |[[Abak]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak] |- |[[Abakaliki]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Aba ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Aba ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Arewa]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abeokuta ta Kudu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Abi, Cross River|Abi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs">Cite web |title=List of Local Government Areas in Cross River State |url=http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6XzVnEOmv?url={{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |archivedate=23 April 2015 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> |- |[[Aboh Mbaise]] |[[Imo]] |- |Abua/Odual |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Adavi, Nigeria|Adavi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |Ado Ekiti |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ado-Odo/Ota]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Afijio]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Arewa]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Afikpo ta Kudu]] (Edda) |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Agaie]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agatu]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Agwara]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Agege]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Aguata]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ahiazu Mbaise]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ahoada ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ajaokuta]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ajeromi-Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ajingi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Akamkpa]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akinyele]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Akko, Nigeria|Akko]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Akoko-Edo]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Arewa maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akoko ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akpabuyo]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Akuku-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Akure ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Akure ta Kudu]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Akwanga]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Albasu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Aleiro]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Alimosho]] |[[Lagos]] |[http://www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ www.alimosho.lg.gov.ng] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119235224/http://alimosho.lg.gov.ng/ |date=2022-01-19 }} |- |[[Alkaleri]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Amuwo-Odofin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Anambra ta Gabas]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anambra ta Yamma]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Anaocha]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Andoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Aninri]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Aniocha ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Anka, Nigeria|Anka]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Ankpa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Apa, Nigeria|Apa]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Apapa]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Ado, Nigeria|Ado]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Ardo Kola]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Arewa Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Argungu]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Arochukwu]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Asa, Nijeriya|Asa]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Asari-Toru]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Askira/Uba]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atakunmosa ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Atiba]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Atisbo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Augie]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Auyo]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Awe |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Awgu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Awka ta Arewa]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Awka ta Kudu]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ayamelum]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Aiyedaade]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Aiyedire]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Babura]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Badagry]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Bagudo]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Bagwai]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bakassi]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bokkos]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Bakori]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bakura |[[Zamfara]] |- |Balanga |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Bama, Nijeriya|Bama]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |Bade |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Barkin Ladi]] |[[Jihar Filato]] |- |[[Baruten]] |Jihar Kwara |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Kogi|Bassa]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Bassa, Jihar Plateau|Bassa]] |[[Plateau (jiha)]] |- |[[Batagarawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Batsari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Bauchi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |Baure |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |Bayo |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bebeji]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bekwarra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Biase]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Bichi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bida]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Billiri]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Bindawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Binji]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Biriniwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Birnin Gwari]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Birnin Kebbi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Birnin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |Birnin Magaji/Kiyaw |[[Zamfara]] |- |Biu |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Bodinga]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Bogoro]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Boki, Nijeriya|Boki]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Boluwaduro]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bomadi]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |Bonny |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Borgu, Neja|Borgu]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Boripe]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Bursari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Bosso, Nijeriya|Bosso]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Brass, Nijeriya|Brass]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Buji, Nijeriya|Buji]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Bukkuyum]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Buruku]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Bungudu]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Bunkure]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Bunza]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Burutu]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Bwari]] |[[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Nijeriya|FCT]] |- |Calabar Municipal |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Calabar ta Kudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Chanchaga]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Charanchi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Chibok]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Chikun]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Dala, Nijeriya|Dala]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damaturu]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Damban]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dambatta]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Damboa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Dandi, Nijeriya|Dandi]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Dandume]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dange Shuni]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Danja, Nijeriya|Danja]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dan Musa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Darazo]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Dass, Nijeriya|Dass]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Daura]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dawakin Kudu]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Dawakin Tofa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Degema, Nijeriya|Degema]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Dekina]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Demsa]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Dikwa]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Doguwa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Doma, Nijeriya|Doma]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Donga, Nijeriya|Donga]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Dukku]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Dunukofia]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Dutse]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Dutsi, Nijeriya|Dutsi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Dutsin Ma]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabashin Obolo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Ebonyi, Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Edati]] |[[Neja]] |- |[[Ede ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ede ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Edu, Nigeria|Edu]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ife ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ife ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Efon]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Yewa ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Yewa ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Egbeda]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Egbedore]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Egor]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ehime Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ejigbo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ekeremor]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011749/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=eket] |- |[[Ekiti, Jihar Kwara|Ekiti]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Kudu maso Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekiti ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ekwusigo]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Eleme, Nigeria|Eleme]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emuoha]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Emure]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Enugu ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Arewa]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Enugu ta Kudu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Epe, Nigeria|Epe]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Esan ta Tsakiya]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Arewa maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Kudu maso Gabas]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Esan ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ese Odo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Esit Eket]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Essien Udim]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |- |[[Etche]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Gabas]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ethiope ta Yamma]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Etim Ekpo]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011848/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etimekpo] |- |[[Etinan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011856/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=etinan] |- |[[Eti Osa]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Etsako Central]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako East]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etsako West]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Etung]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ewekoro]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ezeagu]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezinihitte]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Ezza North]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ezza South]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Fagge]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Fakai]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Faskari]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Fika, Nigeria|Fika]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Fufure]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Funakaye]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Fune]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] | |- |[[Funtua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Gabasawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gada, Nigeria|Gada]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gagarawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gamawa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganjuwa]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Ganye]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Garki, Nigeria|Garki]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garko, Nigeria|Garko]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Garun Mallam]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gashaka]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gassol]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Gaya, Nigeria|Gaya]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gayuk]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gezawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gbako]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Gboko]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gbonyin]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Geidam]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Giade]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Giwa]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Gokana, Nigeria|Gokana]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Gombe, Nigeria|Gombe]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Gombi]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Goronyo]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Grie]] |[[Jihar Adamawa]] |- |[[Gubio]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Gudu]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gujba]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Gulani]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Guma, Nigeria|Guma]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gumel]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gummi, Nigeria|Gummi]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Gurara]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Guri, Nigeria|Guri]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gusau]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Guzamala]] |[[Jihar Borno|Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Gwadabawa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Gwagwalada]] |[[Abuja]] |- |[[Gwale]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwandu]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Gwaram]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwarzo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Gwer East]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwer West]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Gwiwa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Gwoza]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hadejia]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Hawul]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Ibadan North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan North-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibadan South-West]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibaji]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ibarapa Central]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa East]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibarapa North]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ibeju-Lekki]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ibeno]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012247/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibeno] |- |[[Ibesikpo Asutan]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012259/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibesikpoasutan] |- |[[Ibi, Nigeria|Ibi]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Ibiono-Ibom]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012315/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ibionoibom] |- |[[Idah]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Idanre]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ideato North]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ideato South]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Idemili North]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Idemili South]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ido, Nigeria|Ido]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ido Osi]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ifako-Ijaiye]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ifedayo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ifedore]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Kwara State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ifelodun, Osun State|Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ifo]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Igabi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Igalamela Odolu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Igbo Etiti]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze North]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igbo Eze South]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Igueben]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ihiala]] |[[Jihar Anambra]] |- |[[Ihitte/Uboma]] |[[Jihar Imo ]] |- |[[Ilaje]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ijebu East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu North East]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijebu Ode]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ijero]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ijumu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Ika, Nigeria|Ika]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012325/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ika] |- |[[Ika North East]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikara]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Ika South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Ikeduru]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Ikeja]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikenne]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ikere]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikole]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ikom]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ikono]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012341/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikono] |- |[[Ikorodu]] |[[Jihar Lagos]] |- |[[Ikot Abasi]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi] |- |[[Ikot Ekpene]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012525/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotekpene] |- |[[Ikpoba Okha]] |[[Jihar Edo]] |- |[[Ikwerre, Rivers|Ikwerre]] |[[Jihar Rivers]] |- |[[Ikwo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ikwuano]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Ila, Nigeria|Ila]] |[[Jihar Osun ]] |- |[[Ilejemeje]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Ile Oluji/Okeigbo]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Ilesa East]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Ilesa West]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Illela, Nigeria|Illela]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ilorin East]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin South]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Ilorin West]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Imeko Afon]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Ingawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Ini, Nigeria|Ini]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012629/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ini] |- |[[Ipokia]] |[[Jihar Ogun]] |- |[[Irele]] |[[Jihar Ondo]] |- |[[Irepo]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Irepodun, Kwara State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Irepodun, Osun State|Irepodun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Irepodun/Ifelodun]] |[[Jihar Ekiti]] |- |[[Irewole]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isa, Nigeria|Isa]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Ise/Orun]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Iseyin]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Ishielu]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Isiala Mbano]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa North]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Isiala Ngwa South]] |[[Jihar Abia ]] |- |[[Isin, Nigeria|Isin]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Isi Uzo]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Isokan]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Isoko North]] |[[Jihar Delta ]] |- |[[Isoko South]] |[[Jihar Delta]] |- |[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Isuikwuato]] |[[Jihar Abia]] |- |[[Itas/Gadau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Itesiwaju]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Itu, Nigeria|Itu]] |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012707/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=itu] |- |[[Ivo, Nigeria|Ivo]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Iwajowa]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Iwo, Nigeria|Iwo]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |[[Izzi (Ebonyi)|Izzi]] |[[Jihar Ebonyi]] |- |[[Jaba, Nigeria|Jaba]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Jahun]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Jakusko]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Jalingo]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Jama'are]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Jega, Nigeria|Jega]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Jema'a]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Jere, Nigeria|Jere]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Jibia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Jos East]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos North]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Jos South]] |[[jihar Plateau ]] |- |[[Kabba/Bunu]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Kabo, Nigeria|Kabo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kachia]] |[[Juhar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna North]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaduna South]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kafin Hausa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kafur, Nigeria|Kafur]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kaga, Nigeria|Kaga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kagarko]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaiama]] |[[Jihar Kwara]] |- |[[Kaita, Nigeria|Kaita]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kajola]] |[[Jihar Oyo]] |- |[[Kajuru]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kala/Balge]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Kalgo]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kaltungo]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kanam, Nigeria|Kanam]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankara]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kanke, Nigeria|Kanke]] |[[Jihar Plateau]] |- |[[Kankia]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kano Municipal]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karasuwa]] |[[Jihar Yobe ]] |- |[[Karaye]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Karim Lamido]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Karu, Nasarawa State|Karu]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Katagum]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Katsina]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Katsina-Ala]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kaura, Nigeria|Kaura]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kaura Namoda]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Kauru]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Kazaure]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Keana]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kebbe]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Keffi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Khana, Nigeria|Khana]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Kibiya]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Kirfi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Kiri Kasama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kiru, Nigeria|Kiru]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kiyawa]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Kogi, Kogi State|Kogi]] |[[Jihar Kogi]] |- |[[Koko/Besse]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Kokona]] |[[Jihar Nasarawa]] |- |[[Kolokuma/Opokuma]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |[[Konduga]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Konshisha]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Kontagora]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Kosofe]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Kaugama]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Kubau]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kudan, Nigeria|Kudan]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Kuje]] |[[Birnin Tarayya, Abuja|FCT]] |- |[[Kukawa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Kumbotso]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurmi, Nigeria|Kumi]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Kunchi, Nigeria|Kunchi]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kura, Nigeria|Kura]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Kurfi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kusada]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Kwali]] |[[Birnin Tarayya Abuja, Najeriya| FCT]] |- |[[Kwande]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Kwami]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Kware]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Kwaya Kusar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Lafia]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Lagelu, Nigeria|Lagelu]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Lagos Island]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Lagos Mainland]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Langtang South]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Langtang North]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Lapai]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lamurde]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Lau, Nigeria|Lau]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Lavun]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Lere, Nigeria|Lere]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Logo, Nigeria|Logo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Lokoja]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Machina, Nigeria|Machina]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Madagali]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Madobi]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Mafa]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Magama]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Magumeri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mai'Adua]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maiduguri]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Maigatari]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Maiha]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Maiyama]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Makarfi]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Makoda]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Malam Madori]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Malumfashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] |Plateau |- |[[Mani, Nigeria|Mani]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Maradun]] |[[Jihar Zamfara]] |- |[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] |[[Jihar Niger]] |- |[[Makurdi]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Marte, Nigeria|Marte]] |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Maru, Nigeria|Maru]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Mashegu]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mashi]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Matazu]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mayo Belwa]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mbaitoli]] |[[Im]] |- |[[Mbo, Nigeria|Mbo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012830/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mbo] |- |[[Michika]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Miga, Nigeria|Miga]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Mikang]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Minjibir]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Misau]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Moba, Nigeria|Moba]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Mobbar]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mubi North]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mubi South]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Mokwa]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Monguno]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Mopa Muro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Moro, Nigeria|Moro]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Moya, Nigeria|Moya]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Mkpat-Enin]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012858/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=mkpatenin] |- |[[Abuja|Municipal Area Council]] |[[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|FCT]] |- |[[Musawa]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Mushin, Nigeria|Mushin]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Nafada]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Nangere]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Kano State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Kano]] |- |[[Nasarawa, Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] |[[Jihar. Nasarawa]] |- |[[Nasarawa Egon]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ndokwa]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Nembe]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ngala]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Nganzai]] |[[Borno]] |- |[[Ngaski]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |[[Ngor Okpala]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nguru, Nigeria|Nguru]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Njaba]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Njikoka]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nkanu East]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkanu West]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Nkwerre]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Nnewi North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nnewi South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Nsit-Atai]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012904/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitatai] |- |[[Nsit-Ibom]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012912/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitibom] |- |[[Nsit-Ubium]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012932/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=nsitubium] |- |[[Nsukka]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Nwangele]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obafemi Owode]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Obanliku]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Obi, Nasarawa State|Obi]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Obio/Akpor]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Obot Akara]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obudu]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Odeda]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odigbo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Odogbolu]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Odo Otin]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Odukpani]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Offa, Nigeria|Offa]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Ofu, Nigeria|Ofu]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogbadibo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ogbaru]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Ogbia]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogbomosho]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogu/Bolo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ogoja]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Ogo Oluwa]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Ogori/Magongo]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ogun Waterside]] |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Oguta]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohafia]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ohaji/Egbema]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ohaozara]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohaukwu]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Ohimini]] |[[Benue State]] |- |[[Orhionmwon]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Oji River]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Ojo, Nigeria|Ojo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Oju, Nigeria|Oju]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Okehi]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Okene]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Oke Ero]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Okigwe]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Okitipupa]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Okobo, Nigeria|Okobo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013022/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=okobo] |- |[[Okpe]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Okrika]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Olamaboro]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Ola Oluwa]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunda]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Olorunsogo]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oluyole]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Omala, Nigeria|Omala]] |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Omuma]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Ona Ara]] |[[Oyo]] |- |Ondo East |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Ondo West]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Onicha]] |[[Ebonyi]] |- |[[Onitsha North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onitsha South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Onna]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013034/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=onna] |- |[[Okpokwu]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Opobo/Nkoro]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oredo]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Orelope]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oriade]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Ori Ire]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Orolu]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oron, Nigeria|Oron]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013746/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=oron] |- |[[Orsu]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oru East]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Oruk Anam]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013057/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=orukanam] |- |[[Orumba North]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Orumba South]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oru West]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Ose, Nigeria|Ose]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oshimili North]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshimili South]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Oshodi-Isolo]] |[[Lagos]] |- |Osisioma |[[Abia]] |- |[[Osogbo]] |[[Osun]] |- |[[Oturkpo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ovia North-East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ovia South-West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan East]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owan West]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Owerri Municipal]] |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owerri North]] |[[Imo]] |- |Owerri West |[[Imo]] |- |[[Owo]] |[[Ondo]] |- |[[Oye, Nigeria|Oye]] |[[Ekiti]] |- |[[Oyi]] |[[Anambra]] |- |[[Oyigbo]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Oyo West]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyo East]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Oyun]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Paikoro]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Pankshin]] |[[Plateau]] |- |[[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Pategi]] |[[Kwara]] |- |[[Port Harcourt]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Potiskum]] |[[Yobe]] |- |[[Qua'an Pan]] |Plateau |- |[[Rabah]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] |[[Niger]] |- |[[Rano]] |[[Kano]] |- |Remo North |[[Ogun]] |- |[[Rijau]] |Niger |- |[[Rimi, Nigeria|Rimi]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Rimin Gado]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Ringim]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Riyom]] |Plateau |- |[[Rogo]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Roni, Nigeria|Roni]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sabon Birni]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Sabon Gari]] |[[Kaduna]] |- |[[Sabuwa]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Safana]] |[[Katsina]] |- |[[Sagbama]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Sakaba]] |[[Kebbi]] |- |Saki East |[[Oyo]] |- |Saki West |[[Oyo]] | |- |[[Sandamu]] |[[jihar Katsina]] |- |Sanga |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |Sapele |Delta State |- |Sardauna |[[Taraba]] |- |Shagamu |[[Ogun]] |- |Shagari |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Shanga, Nigeria|Shanga]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |Shani |[[Jihar Borno]] |- |[[Shanono]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Shelleng]] |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Shendam]] |Plateau |- |[[Shinkafi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] |Bauch |- |[[Shiroro]] |Niger |- |[[Shongom]] |[[Gombe]] |- |Shomolu |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Silame]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |Soba |[[Kaduna]] |- |Sokoto North |[[Sokoto]] |- |Sokoto South |Sokoto L |- |Song |[[Adamawa]] |- |[[Southern Ijaw]] |[[Bayelsa]] |- |[[Suleja]] |Niger |- |[[Sule Tankarkar]] |[[Jigawa]] |- |[[Sumaila]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Suru, Nigeria|Suru]] |[[Kebbi]] | |[[Surulere, Oyo State|Surulere]] |[[Oyo]] |- |[[Surulere, Lagos State|Surulere]] |[[Lagos]] |- |[[Tafa]] |Niger |- |[[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Tai, Nigeria|Tai]] |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Takai]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Takum]] |[[Taraba]] |- |Talata Mafara |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tambuwal]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tangaza]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Tarauni]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tarka, Nigeria|Tarka]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Tarmuwa]] |[[Yobe]] |- |Taura |[[Jigawa]] |- |Toungo |[[Adamawa]] |- |Tofa |[[Kano]] |- |[[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |[[Toto, Nigeria|Toto]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |Chafe |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Tsanyawa]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tudun Wada]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Tureta]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Udenu]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udi, Nigeria|Udi]] |[[Enugu]] |- |[[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Udung-Uko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013154/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=udunguko] |- |Ughelli North |[[Delta]] |- |Ughelli South |[[Delta]] |- |[[Ugwunagbo]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Uhunmwonde]] |[[Edo]] |- |[[Ukanafun]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013118/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ukanafun] |- |[[Ukum]] |[[Benue]] |- |Ukwa East |[[Abia]] |- |Ukwa West |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ukwuani]] |[[Delta]] |- |Umuahia North |[[Abia]] |- |Umuahia South |[[Abia]] |- |[[Umu Nneochi]] |[[Abia]] |- |[[Ungogo]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |Unuimo |[[Imo]] |- |[[Uruan]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013211/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uruan] |- |[[Urue-Offong/Oruko]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013543/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=urueoffongoruko] |- |[[Ushongo]] |[[Benue]] |- |[[Ussa]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Uvwie]] |[[Delta]] |- |[[Uyo]] |[[Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013551/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=uyo] |- |[[Uzo-Uwani]] |[[Jihar Enugu]] |- |[[Vandeikya]] |[[Jihar Benue]] |- |[[Wamako]] |[[Jihar Sokoto]] |- |[[Wamba, Nigeria|Wamba]] |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Warawa]] |[[Jihar Kano]] |- |[[Warji]] |[[Bauchi]] |- |Warri North |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South |[[Delta]] |- |Warri South West |[[Delta]] |- |Wasagu/Danko |[[Kebbi]] |- |Wase |Plateau | |- |[[Wudil]] |[[Kano]] |- |[[Wukari]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Wurno]] |[[Sokoto]] |- |[[Wushishi]] |Niger |- |Yabo |[[Sokoto]] | |- |Yagba East |[[Kogi]] |- |Yagba West |[[Kogi]] |- |[[Yakuur]] |[[Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Obi, Nigeria|Obi]] |[[Benue]] |- |Obi |[[Nasarawa]] |- |[[Obi Ngwa]] |[[Abia]] |- |Obio/Akpor |[[Rivers]] |- |[[Obokun]] |[[Jihar Osun]] |- |Obot Akara |[[Jihar Akwa Ibom]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013004/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=obotakara] |- |[[Obowo]] |[[Jihar Imo]] |- |[[Obubra]] |[[Jihar Cross River]] |s" /> |- |Yala |[[Jihar Cross River]] |<ref name="CrossRiver-LGAs" /> |- |[[Yamaltu/Deba]] |[[Jihar Gombe]] |- |[[Yankwashi]] |[[Jihar Jigawa]] |- |[[Yauri, Nigeria|Yauri]] |[[Jihar Kebbi]] |- |[[Yenagoa]] |[[Jihar Bayelsa]] |- |Yola North |Jihar Adamawa |- |Yola South |Jihar Adamawa |- |[[Yorro]] |[[Jihar Taraba]] |- |[[Yunusari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Yusufari]] |[[Jihar Yobe]] |- |[[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] |[[Jihar Bauchi]] |- |[[Zango, Nigeria|Zango]] |[[Jihar Katsina]] |- |[[Zangon Kataf]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zaria]] |[[Jihar Kaduna]] |- |[[Zing, Nigeria|Zing]] |[[Taraba]] |- |[[Zurmi]] |[[Zamfara]] |- |[[Zuru]] |[[Kebbi]] |} == Manazarta. == {{reflist}} [[Category:Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|*]] oaq346ezdz19wd6qbyaynq6vg7d9e6r 0 9770 974840 827392 2026-11-01T15:57:59Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974840 wikitext text/x-wiki Kurama == Zaɓaɓɓun Harsuna == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Harshe !Adadin Masu Magana da Harshen (Miliyoyi) |- |[[Turanci]] |140 |- |[[Hausa]] |52 |- |[[Yarbanci]] |42 |- |[[Igbo]] |26 |- |[[Fulfulde]] |23 |- |[[Tiv]] |6 |- |[[Kanuri]] |6 |- |[[Ijo]] |3 |- |[[Edo]] |2 |- |[[Annang]] |1 |- |[[Arabic]] |1 |- |[[Igala]] |1 |- |[[Faransanci]] |1 |- |[[Idoma]] |0.8 |- |[[Nupe]] |0.2 |- |[[Okpe]] |0.5 |- |[[Harshen Itsekiri]] |0.4 |} === Harsunan Afroasiatic === [[File:Afro_asiatic_peoples_nigeria.png|left|thumb|450x450px| Taswirar da ke nuna mutanen da ke magana da harsunan Afroasiatic a Najeriya]] == Harsunan Afroasiatic == Harsunan ''Afroasaitiatic'' sun rarrabu zuwa Chadic da Semitic da kuma Berber. Acikin waɗannan rabe-raben, harsunan Chadic sunfi yawa wanda ke da yaruka aƙalla 700 a ƙarkashinsa. Semitic ya kunshi harsunan Larabawa da ake amfani dasu a sassa daban-daban na yankin Arewacin Afurka. Sannan kuma Berber ya kunshi al'ummomi dake amfani da harsunan Tuareg dake can arewa-maso-yammacin Afurka. Harshen Hausa shine mafi sanannen harshe daga cikin harsunan Chadic duk da har yanzu babu takamaiman adadin masu amfani da harshen a Najeriya, akalla mutum miliyan 24 ke amfani da harshen a yankunan Afurka ta yamma, musamman a yankunan Sahel. Ainihin masu amfani da harshen suna zaune a yankin arewacin Najeriya kuma mafi akasarin masu yaren a Najeriya da sauran sassa Afurka musulmai ne. An kuma sanya Hausa a kashin harsunan yammacin Chadi na rabe-raben harsunan Chadi wanda jigo ne daga cikin harsunan Afroasiatic. Al'adun Hausawa yayi kamaiceceniya kwarai da na Fulani tun bayan jihadin [[Shehu Usman Dan Fodio| Shehu DanFodio]] a karni na 19. Hausa ya kasance harshen asali na jihohi daban daban na arewacin Najeriya sannan daga ciki akwai muhimmi wanda shine Hausa garuruwan Hausa Bakwai. Har wayau akwai bambamce-bambamce harshe a tsakanin waɗannan garuruwa na Hausa. Akwai Kananci wanda ake amfani da ita a Kano, akwai harsunan gabacin kasar Hausa wanda ake magana da ita a Zaria ''"Zazzaganci"'' da Bauchi; sannan akwai na yammacin yankin wanda ake amfani da ita a Sokoto ''"Sakkwatanci'' da kuma ''Katsinanci'' a Katsina. Sai kuma Arewanci wanda ake magana da ita a yankin Gobir ''"Gobiranci"'', Azara, Kebbi da kuma Zamfara ''"Zamfaranci"''. Sannan daga karshe akwai sabon samfuri da ya samo asali daga barikin soji watau ''"Barikanchi"''. Yawancin kalmomi da sautukan hausa sun samo asali ne daga kalmomin aro na Larabci. Wasu daga cikin sanannun harsunan Chadi sun haɗa da Mupun, Ngas, Goemai, Mwaghavul, Bole, Ngizim, Bade da kuma Bachama. Yankunan gabacin Najeriya da kuma cikin Cameroon sune aihin harsunan Chadi kamarsu Bura, Kamwe and Margi. Wadannan yarukann na da yawa matuka kuma akwai karancin bayanai akansu. Mafi akasarin Yarukan sun bace; bincike da Bernard Caron yayi a kudancin Bauchi ya nuna cewa mafi yawancin harsuna har da wadanda aka shigar da bayanansu a shekara ta 1970's sun bace. Duk da haka akwai sabbin yaruka Chadic da ake bayani akansu; kamar bayanin harshen Dyarim. Tarihi ya nuna cewa harshe Hausa dangane da sauran harsuna Afroasiatic kamarsu Kanuri, Margi da Bade an fara rubutasu ne yaren Larabci da Hausa da ake kira [[ajami]. Amma daga baya an canza zuwa sabon tsari na turawa wato [[boko]] wanda turawan mulkin mallaka suka kawo a shekara ta 1930s. === Rassa da kuma Wurare === A kasa akwai jerin rassan yarukan Chadi dangane da wuraren da suke kamar yadda Blench (2019) ya zayyano.<ref name=":1">"Blench, Roger (2019). ''An Atlas of Nigerian Languages'' (4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> Kamar dai yankin Adamawa da Bantu, ana amfani da bakaken sirri a maimakonsu. {| class="wikitable" ! Reshe !! Lambobin sirri !! Wurin Asali |+ Rabe-raben Harsunan [[West Chadic languages#Names and locations|Yankunan yammacin Chadi]] |- | [[Hausa–Gwandara languages#Names and locations|Hausa–Gwandara]] || A1 || [[Arewacin Nigeria]] |- | [[Bole–Tangale languages#Names and locations|Bole–Tangale]] || A2 || [[Darazo]] LGA, [[Jihar Bauchi]]; jihar Yobe, Taraba, Gombe, Borno |- | [[Angas languages#Names and locations|Angas]] || A3 || [[Shendam]] and [[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] LGAs, [[Jihar Plateau]] |- | [[Ron languages#Names and locations|Ron]] || A4 || [[Mangu, Nigeria|Mangu]] LGA, [[Jihar Plateau]] |- | [[Bade languages#Names and locations|Bade]] || B1 || [[Bade, Nigeria|Bade]] LGA, [[Jihar Borno]] |- | [[Warji languages#Names and locations|Warji]] (North Bauchi) || B2 || [[Darazo]] and [[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] LGAs, [[Jihar Bauchi]] |- | [[Barawa languages#Names and locations|Barawa]] (South Bauchi) || B3 || [[Jihar Bauchi]] ([[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]], [[Dass, Nigeria|Dass]], [[Tafawa Balewa, Bauchi|Tafawa Balewa]], [[Bauchi]] LGAs) |} {| class="wikitable" ! Branch !! Code !! Primary locations |+ Rabe-raben harsunan [[Biu–Mandara languages#Names and locations|Biu–Mandara]] a Najeriya |- | Tera || A1 || [[Gombi]] LGA, [[Jihar Adamawa]] and [[Biu, Nigeria|Biu]] LGA, [[Jihar Borno]] |- | Bata || A8 || [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] LGA, [[Jihar Adamawa]] |- | Kamwe (Higi) || A3 || [[Michika]] LGA, Mubi North LGA, Hong LGA, Madagali LGA [[Jihar Adamawa]]; Askira/Uba LGA, [[Borno State]] |- | Mandara || A4 || [[Gwoza]] LGA, [[Jihar Borno]] and [[Michika]] LGA, [[Jihar Adamawa]] |} == Harsunan Nijar-Congo == Nijar-Congo ta fi rinjaye a yankunan tsakiya, gabas da kudancin Nijeriya; manyan rassan da aka wakilta a Nijeriya sune Mande, Atlantic, Gur, Kwa, Benue-Congo da Adamawa-Ubangi.<ref>"Niger-Congo languages « Sorosoro". Retrieved 2020-05-30.</ref> Mande yana wakiltar busa da Kyenga a arewa maso yamma. Fulatanci ne guda Atlantic harshe, na Senegambian asalin amma yanzu magana da dabbõbin ni'ima da makiyaya a fadin yankin Sahel da kuma sun fi mayar a cikin jihohin Najeriya, musamman [[Adamawa]]. Ana magana da harsunan Ijoid a fadin Niger Delta kuma sun hada da Iuniw, Kalabari, da kuma sauran 'yan kungiyoyi masu ban mamaki na Defaka. Ana magana da harshen Efik a fadin kudu maso gabashin sashin Najeriya kuma ya hada da harsunan Ibibio, Annang, da kuma Efik daidai. Maganin Gur guda guda ne ake magana da ita ita ce Baatunun, a cikin matsanancin Arewa maso yamma. Ana magana da harshen Adamawa-Ubangi tsakanin tsakiyar Najeriya da Jamhuriyar Afrika ta Tsakiya. Ma'aikatan su na yammaci a Nijeriya su ne harshen Tula-Waja. Kwararren Kwaran suna wakiltar su ne a yankin kudu maso yammaci, wanda ke da alaqa da harshen Turanci a [[Benin]] da [[Togo]]. Kayyadewa sauran sauran harsuna yana da rikici; [[Joseph Greenberg]] ya rubuta wadanda ba tare da sunaye ba, irin su Yoruba, Igbo, da Ibibio (Efik, Ibibio, da Annang), 'Eastern Kwa ' da wadanda ke da nau'o'in ' Benue-Congo '. Wannan ya sake komawa cikin littafi mai tasiri na shekara ta 1989 kuma ya nuna a kan taswirar harsuna a shekara ta 1992, inda dukkanin wadannan aka dauke Benue-Congo. Kwanan nan ra'ayi, duk da haka, ya sake komawa ga bambancin Greenberg. Ya kamata a karanta wallafe-wallafen tare da kulawa da kuma kulawa da kwanan wata. Akwai kananan gungiyoyin harshe a yankin Neja Confluence, musamman Ukaan, Akpes, Ayere-Ahan da kuma Magoya, wanda ba a taba jayayya da shiga cikin wadannan rukuni ba. Tsohon Eastern Kwa, watau Daga yammacin Benue-Congo za su hada da Igboid, watau [[Harshen Ibo|Harshen Turanci]] daidai, Ukwuani, Ikwerre, Ekpeye da sauransu, Yoruboid, watau [[Yarbanci|Yar'Adua]], Itsekiri da Igala, Akokoid (kananan harsuna takwas a [[Ondo]], [[Edo]] da [[Kogi]]), Edoid ciki har da Edo (wani lokaci ana kiran su) Bini a [[Edo|Jihar Edo]], Ibibio-Efik, Idomoid ( Idoma ) da Nupeid ( Nupe ) kuma watakila sun hada da da sauran harsuna da aka ambata a sama. An rarraba harshen Idoma a cikin rukunin Akweya na harsunan Idomoid na gidan Volta-Nijar, wanda ya hada da alago da Alago, Agatu, Etulo da Yala na [[Benue]], [[Nasarawa]] da jihohin arewacin Cross Cross. Kudancin Benue-Congo sun hada da Kainji, Filato (harsuna 46, kamar harshen Gamai ), Jukunoid, Dakoid da Cross River. Baya ga wadannan, akwai harsunan Bantoid da yawa, wanda shine harsunan nan da nan kakanninmu zuwa Bantu. Wadannan sun hada da harsunan Mambiloid, Ekoid, Bendi, Beboid, Grassfields da Tivoid. Kasuwanci na rarraba harsunan Niger-Congo a Najeriya ba ta iyakance ne a tsakiyar gabas da tsakiyar kudancin Nigeriya ba, yayin da gudun hijirar ya ba da damar yadawa zuwa ƙasashen Afro-Asia a arewacin Najeriya, da kuma a ko'ina cikin [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]] da kasashen waje. Harshen kalmomi kamar "ku" don<nowiki>'ku' ',' sooso 'don' kawai ',' obia 'don' 'likita' '' '</nowiki>, da dai sauransu. harshe a cikin ƙungiyoyi irin su Santeria a cikin Caribbean da Kudancin Tsakiya ta Tsakiya, da harshen Berbice Dutch a Surinam ya dogara da harshen Ijoid. Har ma da bambancin harshe da aka ambata a cikin Nijar-Congo a cikin Najeriya yana da iyakancewa, saboda waɗannan harsuna na iya ƙara ƙunshi harsunan yanki wanda bazai zama daidai da juna ba. Kamar yadda irin wa] annan harsuna, musamman wa] anda ke da yawancin masu magana, an daidaita su kuma sun karbi rubutun asalin. Kusan dukkanin harsuna suna bayyana a cikin haɗin Latin lokacin da aka rubuta. === Rassa da Wurarensu === A kasa akwai jerin harsunan Niger–Congo dangane da ainihin wurarensu kamar yadda Blench a shekara ta (2019) ya zayyano.<ref name=":1" /> {| class="wikitable" |+ '''Rabe-raben harsunan [[Volta–Niger languages#Branches and locations|Volta–Niger]] da rassansu''' ! Reshe !! Ainihin Wuri |- | [[Akpes language#Names and locations|Akpes]] || Akoko North LGA, [[Jihar Ondo]] |- | [[Ayere–Ahan languages#Names and locations|Ayere–Ahan]] || Akoko North LGA, [[Jihar Ondo]] |- | [[Gbe languages|Gbe]] || [[Badagry]] LGA, [[Jihar Lagos]] and adjacent areas |- | [[Yoruboid languages#Names and locations|Yoruboid]] || Southwestern Nigeria |- | [[Edoid languages#Names and locations|Edoid]] || Rivers, Edo, Ondo, Delta States |- | [[Akoko language|Akoko]] || Akoko North LGA, [[Jihar Ondo]] |- | [[Igboid languages#Names and locations|Igboid]] || Anambra, Rivers, Delta States (excluding Igbo proper) |- | [[Nupoid languages#Names and locations|Nupoid]] || Niger, Kwara, Nasarawa States, Kogi, FCT |- | [[Oko language|Oko]] || [[Ogori-Magongo]] LGA, [[Jihar Kogi]] |- | [[Idomoid languages#Names and locations|Idomoid]] || Benue, Cross River, Nasarawa States |- | [[Ukaan language|Ukaan]] || Akoko North LGA, [[Jihar Ondo]] |} {| class="wikitable" |+ '''Rabe-raben Harsunan [[Benue–Congo languages#Branches and locations (Nigeria)|Benue–Congo]] a Nigeria''' ! Reshe !! Ainihin wuri |- | [[Cross River languages#Branches and locations|Cross River]] || Jihohin [[Cross River State|Cross River]], [[Akwa Ibom State|Akwa Ibom]], and [[Rivers State|Rivers]] |- | [[Bendi languages#Names and locations|Bendi]] || [[Obudu]] and [[Ogoja]] LGAs, [[Jihar Cross River]] |- | [[Mambiloid languages#Names and locations (Nigeria)|Mambiloid]] || [[Sardauna]] LGA, [[Jihar Taraba]]; [[Cameroon]] |- | [[Dakoid languages#Names and locations|Dakoid]] || [[Mayo Belwa]] LGA, [[Jihar Taraba]] and adjacent areas |- | [[Jukunoid languages#Names and locations|Jukunoid]] || [[Jihar Taraba]] |- | [[Yukubenic languages#Names and locations|Yukubenic]] || [[Takum]] LGA, [[Jihar Taraba]] |- | [[Kainji languages#Names and locations|Kainji]] || [[Kauru]] LGA, [[Jihar Kaduna]] and [[Bassa, Plateau State|Bassa]] LGA, [[Jihar Plateau]]; [[Kainji Lake]] area |- | [[Plateau languages#Branches and locations|Plateau]] || [[Plateau State|Plateau]], [[Kaduna State|Kaduna]], and [[Nasarawa State|Nasarawa]] States |- | [[Tivoid languages#Names and locations (Nigeria)|Tivoid]] || [[Obudu]] LGA, [[Jihar Cross River]] and [[Sardauna]] LGA, [[Jihar Taraba ]]; [[Cameroon]] |- | [[Beboid languages#Names and locations (Nigeria)|Beboid]] || [[Takum]] LGA, [[Jihar Taraba ]]; [[Cameroon]] |- | [[Ekoid languages#Names and locations (Nigeria)|Ekoid]] || [[Ikom]] and [[Ogoja]] LGAs, [[Jihar Cross River]]; [[Cameroon]] |- | [[Grassfields languages#Names and locations (Nigeria)|Grassfields]] || [[Sardauna]] LGA, [[Jihar Taraba]]; [[Cameroon]] |- | [[Jarawan languages#Names and locations|Jarawan]] || [[Bauchi State|Bauchi]], [[Plateau State|Plateau]], [[Adamawa State|Adamawa]], and [[Jihar Taraba|Taraba]] States |} {| class="wikitable" |+ '''Rabe-raben harsunan [[Savannas languages#Branches and locations (Nigeria)|Adamawa]] a Nigeria''' ! Reshe !! Ainihin wuri |- | [[Duru languages#Names and locations|Duru]] (Vere) || [[Fufore]] LGA, [[Jihar Adamawa]] |- | [[Leko languages#Names and locations (Nigeria)|Leko]] || Jihohin [[Adamawa State|Adamawa]] and [[Taraba State|Taraba]]; [[Cameroon]] |- | [[Mumuye languages#Names and locations|Mumuye]] || [[Jihar Taraba]] |- | [[Yendang languages#Names and locations|Yendang]] || [[Mayo Belwa]] and [[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] LGAs, [[Jihar Adamawa]] |- | [[Tula–Waja languages#Names and locations|Waja]] || [[Kaltungo]] and [[Balanga, Nigeria|Balanga]] LGAs, [[Jihar Gombe]] |- | ''[[Kam language (Nigeria)|Kam]]'' || [[Bali, Nigeria|Bali]] LGA, [[Jihar Taraba]] |- | ''[[Kwah language|Baa]]'' || [[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] LGA, [[Jihar Adamawa]] |- | ''[[Laka language (Nigeria)|Laka]]'' || [[Karim Lamido]] LGA, [[Jihar Taraba]] and [[Yola, Adamawa|Yola]] LGA, [[Adamawa State]] |- | [[Bikwin–Jen languages#Names and locations|Jen]] || [[Karim Lamido]] LGA, [[Jihar Taraba]] |- | [[Bikwin–Jen languages#Names and locations|Bikwin]] || [[Karim Lamido]] LGA, [[Jihar Taraba]] |- | [[Bena–Mboi languages#Names da locations|Yungur]] || [[Song, Nigeria|Song]] da [[Guyuk, Nigeria|Guyuk]] LGAs, [[Jihar Adamawa]] |} == Harshen Nilo-Saharan == A Najeriya harsunan dangin Nilo Saharan na wakilai kamar haka: * Harsunan Sahara **[[Kanuri]] da [[Kanembu] a Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya a jihar Borno, Yobe da kuma wasu jihohi kamar Jigawa da Bauchi. ** Harshen Teda a arewacin Najeriya. * Harsunan Songhai: Zarma ko Zabarma da Dendi a jihar Kebbi dake kusa da iyakar Ƙasar Nijar. * Harshen Lau Laka: harshen da aka gano kwanannan a yankin jihar Taraba. == Sunayen harsuna == Sunayen harsunan Nijeriya (Blench 2019; Ethnologue 22):<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=NG Rahoton Ethnologue na Harsunan Nijeriya]</ref><ref> Blench, Roger (2019). [https://www.academia.edu/40463130/AN_ATLAS_OF_NIGERIAN_LANGUAGES Atlas na Harsunan Nijeriya, ed. IV] (sabuntawa da gyara edition of Crozier & Blench 1992).</ref><ref>"Crozier, David Henry; Blench, Roger (1992). ''An Index of Nigerian languages''. Dallas: Summer Inst of Linguistics. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9780883126110|<bdi>9780883126110</bdi>]].</ref><ref>"Ethnologue 15 report for Nigeria". ''archive.ethnologue.com''. Retrieved 2017-04-30.</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" | style="font-size: 85%;" | ! Harshe (suna daga Ethnologue) !! Harshe<br>(sunan Hausa) !! Al'umma<br>(sunan Hausa) !! Sunan kansu<br>(autonym) !! Sunaye !! Code (ISO) !! Rukuni |- | [[Harshen Larabci, Shuwa|Arabic, Shuwa]] || Shuwa-arab || Shuwa || || Arabe Choa, Chadian Arabic, Shua Arabic, Shuwa, Western Sudanic Arabic || [[:en:ISO 639:shu|shu]] || Semitic, Central, South, Arabic |- | [[Harshen Tamajaq, Tawallammat|Tamajaq, Tawallammat]] || || || || Azbinawa, Buzu, Tahoua Tamajeq, Tamajaq, Tamasheq, Tomacheck, Tuareg || [[:en:ISO 639:ttq|ttq]] || Berber, Tamasheq, Southern |- | [[Harshen Boga|Boga]] || || || || Boka || [[:en:ISO 639:bvw|bvw]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.1, Eastern |- | [[Harshen Ga'anda|Ga'anda]] || || || Kaandata || Ga'ana, Ga'andu, Ganda, Kaandecha, Makwar, Mokar || [[:en:ISO 639:gqa|gqa]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.1, Eastern |- | [[Harshen Hwana|Hwana]] || || || Tuftera || Fiterya, Hona, Hwona || [[:en:ISO 639:hwo|hwo]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.1, Eastern |- | [[Harshen Jara|Jara]] || Jara || Jarawa || || Jera || [[:en:ISO 639:jaf|jaf]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.1, Western |- | [[Harshen Tera|Tera]] || Tera || Terawa || || || [[:en:ISO 639:ttr|ttr]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.1, Western |- | [[Harshen Bura-Pabir|Bura-Pabir]] || Babur || Baburawa || || Babir, Babur, Barburr, Bourrah, Bura, Burra, Huve, Huviya, Kwojeffa, Mya Bura, Pabir || [[:en:ISO 639:bwr|bwr]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.2, 1 |- | [[Harshen Kibaku|Kibaku]] || || || || Chibbak, Chibbuk, [[Chibok]], Chibuk, Cibak, Cibuk, Kibbaku, Kikuk, Kyibaku || [[:en:ISO 639:ckl|ckl]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.2, 1 |- | [[Harshen Kofa|Kofa]] || || || || Kota || [[:en:ISO 639:kso|kso]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.2, 1 |- | [[Harshen Putai|Marghi (Yamma)]] || Putai || || || Marghi West || [[:en:ISO 639:mfl|mfl]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.2, 1 |- | [[Harshen Marghi (Kudu)|Marghi South]] || Marghi || || Margi || margi || [[:en:ISO 639:mfm|mfm]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.2, 2 |- | [[Harshen Marghi (Tsakiya)|Marghi Central]] || || || Marghi, Margi || || [[:en:ISO 639:mrt|mrt]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.2, 2 |- | [[Harshen Nya Huba|Nya Huba]] || || || || Chobba, Huba, Kilba || [[:en:ISO 639:hbb|hbb]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.2, 2 |- | [[Harshen Nggwahyi|Nggwahyi]] || || || || Ngwaxi, Ngwohi || [[:en:ISO 639:ngx|ngx]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.2 |- | [[Harshen Kamwe|Kamwe]] || || || Kamwǝ || Hiji, Vacamwe, “Higgi” (pej.), “Higi” (pej.) || [[:en:ISO 639:hig|hig]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.3 |- | [[Harshen Kirya-Konzel|Kirya-Konzel]] || || || myá Kákíryà, myá Kónzə̀l || Fali of Kiria, Fali of Kiriya, Fali of Kirya, Fali of Mijilu, Karya, Kirya, Konzal || [[:en:ISO 639:fkk|fkk]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.3 |- | [[Harshen Hya|Hya]] || || || || Ghye, Hwate, Manta, Mukta, Munta, Za || [[:en:ISO 639:hya|hya]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.3 |- | [[Harshen Psikye|Psikye]] || || || || Kamsiki, Kapsiki, Ptsake || [[:en:ISO 639:kvj|kvj]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.3 |- | [[Harshen Hide|Hide]] || || || || Ftour, Hdi, Hedi, Tourou, Tur, Turu, Turu-Hide, Xedi || [[:en:ISO 639:xed|xed]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.4, Lamang |- | [[Harshen Lamang|Lamang]] || || || || Gbuhwe, Laamang, Waha || [[:en:ISO 639:hia|hia]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.4, Lamang |- | [[Harshen Vemgo-Mabas|Vemgo-Mabas]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:vem|vem]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.4, Lamang |- | [[Harshen Gvoko|Gvoko]] || || || || Gavoko, Gevoko, Ghboko, Kuvoko, Nggweshe, Ngoshe Sama, Ngoshe-Ndhang, Ngoshi, Ngossi, Ngweshe-Ndaghan || [[:en:ISO 639:ngs|ngs]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.4, Mandara Proper, Glavda |- | [[Harshen Glavda|Glavda]] || || || || Galavda, Galvaxdaxa, Gelebda, Glanda, Guelebda || [[:en:ISO 639:glw|glw]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.4, Mandara Proper, Glavda |- | [[Harshen Guduf-Gava|Guduf-Gava]] || || || || Afkabiye, Gudupe || [[:en:ISO 639:gdf|gdf]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.4, Mandara Proper, Glavda |- | [[Harshen Cineni|Cineni]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:cie|cie]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.4, Mandara Proper, Glavda |- | [[Harshen Dghwede|Dghwede]] || || || || Azaghvana, Dehoxde, Hude, Johode, Tghuade, Toghwede, Traude, Wa'a, Zaghvana || [[:en:ISO 639:dgh|dgh]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.4, Mandara Proper, Glavda |- | [[Harshen Wandala|Wandala]] || || || || Mandara, Ndara || [[:en:ISO 639:mfi|mfi]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.4, Mandara Proper, Mandara |- | [[Harshen Mafa|Mafa]] || || || || Bula, Bulahai, Natakan, “Matakam” (pej.) || [[:en:ISO 639:maf|maf]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.5 |- | [[Harshen Sukur|Sukur]] || || || || Adikimmu Sukur, Gemasakun, Sakul, Sugur || [[:en:ISO 639:syk|syk]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.6 |- | [[Harshen Daba|Daba]] || || || || Dabba || [[:en:ISO 639:dbq|dbq]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.7 |- | [[Harshen Bata|Bata]] || || || || Batta, Bete, Birsa, Bwaatye, Bwatiye, Demsa Bata, Dunu, Eastern Bwatiye, Gboati, Gbwata, Gbwate || [[:en:ISO 639:bta|bta]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.8 |- | [[Harshen Bacama|Bacama]] || || || || Abacama, Bachama, Bashama, Bashamma, Besema, Bwaatye, Bwareba, Bwatiye, Gboare || [[:en:ISO 639:bcy|bcy]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.8 |- | [[Harshen Fali|Fali]] || || || || Fali of Mubi, Fali of Muchella, Vimtim, Yimtim || [[:en:ISO 639:fli|fli]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.8 |- | [[Harshen Gude|Gude]] || || || Guɗe || Cheke, Goude, Mapodi, Mapuda, Mocigin, Motchekin, Mudaye, Shede, Tchade || [[:en:ISO 639:gde|gde]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.8 |- | [[Harshen Gudu|Gudu]] || || || || Gudo, Gutu || [[:en:ISO 639:gdu|gdu]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.8 |- | [[Harshen Holma|Holma]] || || || || Bali Holma, Da Holmaci || [[:en:ISO 639:hod|hod]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.8 |- | [[Harshen Ngwaba|Ngwaba]] || || || || Goba, Gombi || [[:en:ISO 639:ngw|ngw]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.8 |- | [[Harshen Nzanyi|Nzanyi]] || || || || Jeng, Jenge, Kobotshi, Njai, Njanyi, Njei, Njeing, Njeny, Nzangi, Zani, Zany || [[:en:ISO 639:nja|nja]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.8 |- | [[Harshen Zizilivakan|Zizilivakan]] || || || || Fali of Jilbu, Jilvu, Zhilvu, Ziliva, Ziziliveken, Àmzírív || [[:en:ISO 639:ziz|ziz]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, A, A.8 |- | [[Harshen Yedina|Yedina]] || || || || Boudouma, Buduma, Yedana, Yedima, Yidana || [[:en:ISO 639:bdm|bdm]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, B, B.1, Buduma |- | [[Harshen Afade|Afade]] || || || || Afada, Afadeh, Affade, Kotoko, Mogari || [[:en:ISO 639:aal|aal]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, B, B.1, Kotoko Proper, North |- | [[Harshen Jilbe|Jilbe]] || || || || Zoulbou || [[:en:ISO 639:jie|jie]] || Chadic, Biu-Mandara, B, B.1 |- | [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] || [[Harshen Hausa]] || [[Hausawa]] || Hausa || Abakwariga, Habe, Haoussa, Hausawa, Kado, Mgbakpa || [[:en:ISO 639:hau|hau]] || Chadic, West, A, A.1 |- | [[Harshen Gwandara|Gwandara]] || || || || Kwandara || [[:en:ISO 639:gwn|gwn]] || Chadic, West, A, A.1 |- | [[Harshen Kubi|Kubi]] || [[Kubanci]] || [[Kubawa]] || || Be, Denawa, Deno, Denwa, Kuba, Kubawa || [[:en:ISO 639:kof|kof]] || Chadic, West, A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper |- | [[Harshen Beele|Beele]] || [[Belanci]] || [[Belawa]] / [[Bellawa]] || || Bele, Bellawa, Àbéélé || [[:en:ISO 639:bxq|bxq]] || Chadic, West, A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper |- | [[Harshen Bole|Bole]] || [[Bolanci]] || [[Bolawa]] / [[Bolewa]] || || Ampika, Bolanchi, Bolanci, Bolawa, Bolewa, Borpika || [[:en:ISO 639:bol|bol]] || Chadic, West, A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper |- | [[Harshen Bure|Bure]] || || || || Bubure || [[:en:ISO 639:bvh|bvh]] || Chadic, West, A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper |- | [[Harshen Deno|Deno]] || [[Denanci]] || [[Denawa]] || || Be, Denawa, Denwa || [[:en:ISO 639:dbb|dbb]] || Chadic, West, A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper |- | [[Harshen Galambu|Galambu]] || || || || Galambe, Galambi, Galembi || [[:en:ISO 639:glo|glo]] || Chadic, West, A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper |- | [[Harshen Gera|Gera]] || [[Geranci]] || [[Gerawa]] || || Gerawa, Rawam || [[:en:ISO 639:gew|gew]] || Chadic, West, A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper |- | [[Harshen Geruma|Geruma]] || || || || Gerema, Germa || [[:en:ISO 639:gea|gea]] || Chadic, West, A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper |- | [[Harshen Giiwo|Giiwo]] || [[Kirifanci]] || [[Kirifawa]] || || Bu Giiwo, Kirfi, Kirifawa, Kirifi || [[:en:ISO 639:kks|kks]] || Chadic, West, A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper |- | [[Harshen Kholok|Kholok]] || || || || Kode, Koode, Kwoode, Pia, Pitiko, Widala, Wurkum || [[:en:ISO 639:ktc|ktc]] || Chadic, West, A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper |- | [[Harshen Maaka|Maaka]] || || || || Maga, Magha, Maha, Maka || [[:en:ISO 639:mew|mew]] || Chadic, West, A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper |- | [[Harshen Ngamo|Ngamo]] || [[Gamanci]] || [[Gamawa]] || || Gamawa, Gamo, Ngamawa || [[:en:ISO 639:nbh|nbh]] || Chadic, West, A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper |- | [[Harshen Nyam|Nyam]] || || || || Nyambolo || [[:en:ISO 639:nmi|nmi]] || Chadic, West, A, A.2, Bole, Bole Proper |- | [[Harshen Karekare|Karekare]] || || || || Karai Karai, Karai-karai, Karaikarai, Kerekere, Kerrikerri || [[:en:ISO 639:kai|kai]] || Chadic, West, A, A.2, Bole, Karekare |- | [[Harshen Dera|Dera]] || || || || Kanakuru || [[:en:ISO 639:kna|kna]] || Chadic, West, A, A.2, Tangale, Dera |- | [[Harshen Kushi|Kushi]] || || || || Chong'e, Goji, Kushe || [[:en:ISO 639:kuh|kuh]] || Chadic, West, A, A.2, Tangale, Tangale Proper |- | [[Harshen Kutto|Kutto]] || || || || Kupto, Kúttò || [[:en:ISO 639:kpa|kpa]] || Chadic, West, A, A.2, Tangale, Tangale Proper |- | [[Harshen Kwaami|Kwaami]] || [[Kwamanci]] || [[Komawa]] || || Komawa, Kwam, Kwamanchi, Kwami, Kwom || [[:en:ISO 639:ksq|ksq]] || Chadic, West, A, A.2, Tangale, Tangale Proper |- | [[Harshen Pero|Pero]] || || || || Filiya, Pipero || [[:en:ISO 639:pip|pip]] || Chadic, West, A, A.2, Tangale, Tangale Proper |- | [[Harshen Piya-Kwonci|Piya-Kwonci]] || || || Ambandi || Pia, Pitiko, Piya, Wurkum || [[:en:ISO 639:piy|piy]] || Chadic, West, A, A.2, Tangale, Tangale Proper |- | [[Harshen Tangale|Tangale]] || || || || Tangle || [[:en:ISO 639:tan|tan]] || Chadic, West, A, A.2, Tangale, Tangale Proper |- | [[Harshen Mwaghavul|Mwaghavul]] || || || Mwaghavul || Maghavul, Sura || [[:en:ISO 639:sur|sur]] || Chadic, West, A, A.3, Angas Proper, 1 |- | [[Harshen Cakfem-Mushere|Cakfem-Mushere]] || || || || Chakfem, Chokfem || [[:en:ISO 639:cky|cky]] || Chadic, West, A, A.3, Angas Proper, 1 |- | [[Harshen Jorto|Jorto]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:jrt|jrt]] || Chadic, West, A, A.3, Angas Proper, 1 |- | [[Harshen Kofyar|Kofyar]] || || || || Koffiar || [[:en:ISO 639:kwl|kwl]] || Chadic, West, A, A.3, Angas Proper, 1 |- | [[Harshen Miship|Miship]] || || || || Chip, Cip, Ship || [[:en:ISO 639:mjs|mjs]] || Chadic, West, A, A.3, Angas Proper, 1 |- | [[Harshen Ngas|Ngas]] || || || || Angas, Karang, Kerang || [[:en:ISO 639:anc|anc]] || Chadic, West, A, A.3, Angas Proper, 1 |- | [[Harshen Pyapun|Pyapun]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:pcw|pcw]] || Chadic, West, A, A.3, Angas Proper, 2 |- | [[Harshen Goemai|Goemai]] || || || || Ankwai, Ankwe, Ankwei, Gamai, Kemai || [[:en:ISO 639:ank|ank]] || Chadic, West, A, A.3, Angas Proper, 2 |- | [[Harshen Koenoem|Koenoem]] || || || || Kanam || [[:en:ISO 639:kcs|kcs]] || Chadic, West, A, A.3, Angas Proper, 2 |- | [[Harshen Montol|Montol]] || || || || Baltap, Montal, Teel, Tehl || [[:en:ISO 639:mtl|mtl]] || Chadic, West, A, A.3, Angas Proper, 2 |- | [[Harshen Tal|Tal]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:tal|tal]] || Chadic, West, A, A.3, Angas Proper, 2 |- | [[Harshen Ywom|Ywom]] || [[Gerkanci]] || [[Gerkawa]], [[Garkawa]] || || Garkawa, Gerka, Gerkanchi, Gerkawa, Gurka, Yioum, Yiwom || [[:en:ISO 639:gek|gek]] || Chadic, West, A, A.3, Yiwom |- | [[Harshen Fyer|Fyer]] || || || || Fier || [[:en:ISO 639:fie|fie]] || Chadic, West, A, A.4, Fyer |- | [[Harshen Tambas|Tambas]] || || || || Tambes, Tembis || [[:en:ISO 639:tdk|tdk]] || Chadic, West, A, A.4, Fyer |- | [[Harshen Mundat|Mundat]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:mmf|mmf]] || Chadic, West, A, A.4, Ron Proper |- | [[Harshen Duhwa|Duhwa]] || || || || Karfa, Kerifa, Nzuhwi || [[:en:ISO 639:kbz|kbz]] || Chadic, West, A, A.4, Ron Proper |- | [[Harshen Kulere|Kulere]] || || || || Akande, Akandi, Kande, Korom Boye, Tof || [[:en:ISO 639:kul|kul]] || Chadic, West, A, A.4, Ron Proper |- | [[Harshen Ron|Ron]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:cla|cla]] || Chadic, West, A, A.4, Ron Proper |- | [[Harshen Sha|Sha]] || [[Calanci]] / [[Callanci]] || [[Calawa]] / [[Callawa]] || || || [[:en:ISO 639:scw|scw]] || Chadic, West, A, A.4, Ron Proper |- | [[Harshen Bade|Bade]] || [[Badanci]] || || Gabaden || Badanci, Bedde, Bede, Gidgid || [[:en:ISO 639:bde|bde]] || Chadic, West, B, B.1, Bade Proper |- | [[Harshen Ngizim|Ngizim]] || [[Ngizimanci]] || [[Ngizimawa]] || || Ngezzim, Ngizmawa || [[:en:ISO 639:ngi|ngi]] || Chadic, West, B, B.1, Bade Proper |- | [[Harshen Duwai|Duwai]] || || || || Eastern Bade, Evji || [[:en:ISO 639:dbp|dbp]] || Chadic, West, B, B.1, Duwai |- | [[Harshen Ajawa|Ajawa]] || [[Ajanci]] || [[Ajawa]] || || Aja, Ajanci || [[:en:ISO 639:ajw|ajw]] || Chadic, West, B, B.2 |- | [[Harshen Warji|Warji]] || [[Warjanci]], [[Saranci]] || [[Warjawa]], [[Sarawa]] || || Sar, Sarawa, Warja, Warjawa || [[:en:ISO 639:wji|wji]] || Chadic, West, B, B.2 |- | [[Harshen Ciwogai|Ciwogai]] || || || || Sago, Tsagu || [[:en:ISO 639:tgd|tgd]] || Chadic, West, B, B.2 |- | [[Harshen Diri|Diri]] || [[Diryanci]] || [[Diryawa]] || || Diriya, Dirya, Diryawa || [[:en:ISO 639:dwa|dwa]] || Chadic, West, B, B.2 |- | [[Harshen Kariya|Kariya]] || [[Kauyanci]], [[Lipkanci]] || [[Kauyawa]], [[Lipkawa]] || || Kariyu, Kauyawa, Lipkawa, Vinahe, Wihe || [[:en:ISO 639:kil|kil]] || Chadic, West, B, B.2 |- | [[Harshen Mburku|Mburku]] || [[Burkanci]] || [[Burkanawa]] || || Barke, Barko, Burkanawa, Kariya, Lipkawa, Mburkanci, Wudufu, Wuufu || [[:en:ISO 639:bbt|bbt]] || Chadic, West, B, B.2 |- | [[Harshen Miya|Miya]] || [[Miyanci]] || [[Miyawa]] || || Miyanci, Miyawa, Muya, vә́na mίy || [[:en:ISO 639:mkf|mkf]] || Chadic, West, B, B.2 |- | [[Harshen Pa'a|Pa'a]] || [[Afanci]], [[Pa'anci]] || [[Afawa]], [[Pa'awa]] || || Afa, Afanci, Afawa, Fa'awa, Foni, Fucaka, Fuucəka, Pa'anci, Pa'awa, Pala || [[:en:ISO 639:pqa|pqa]] || Chadic, West, B, B.2 |- | [[Harshen Siri|Siri]] || [[Siranci]] || [[Sirawa]] || || Sirawa || [[:en:ISO 639:sir|sir]] || Chadic, West, B, B.2 |- | [[Harshen Zumbun|Zumbun]] || [[Jimbinanci]] || [[Jimbinawa]] || || Jimbin, Jimbinawa || [[:en:ISO 639:jmb|jmb]] || Chadic, West, B, B.2 |- | [[Harshen Boghom|Boghom]] || || || || Bogghom, Boghorom, Bohom, Bokiyim, Borrom, Burma, Burom, Burrum, Burum || [[:en:ISO 639:bux|bux]] || Chadic, West, B, B.3, Boghom |- | [[Harshen Kir-Balar|Kir-Balar]] || [[Larbanci]] || [[Larbawa]] (Balar) || || Kir, Kirr || [[:en:ISO 639:kkr|kkr]] || Chadic, West, B, B.3, Boghom |- | [[Harshen Mangas|Mangas]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:zns|zns]] || Chadic, West, B, B.3, Boghom |- | [[Harshen Jimi|Jimi]] || || || || Bi-Gimu || [[:en:ISO 639:jmi|jmi]] || Chadic, West, B, B.3, Eastern |- | [[Harshen Guruntum-Mbaaru|Guruntum-Mbaaru]] || || || || Gurdung, Guruntum || [[:en:ISO 639:grd|grd]] || Chadic, West, B, B.3, Guruntum |- | [[Harshen Ju|Ju]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:juu|juu]] || Chadic, West, B, B.3, Guruntum |- | [[Harshen Tala|Tala]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:tak|tak]] || Chadic, West, B, B.3, Guruntum |- | [[Harshen Zangwal|Zangwal]] || || || || Twar, Zwangal || [[:en:ISO 639:zah|zah]] || Chadic, West, B, B.3, Guruntum |- | [[Harshen Geji|Geji]] || [[Gejanci]] / [[Gezanci]], [[Kaiyoranci]] || [[Gejawa]] / [[Gezawa]], [[Kaiyorawa]] || || Gejawa, Gezawa, Kayauri || [[:en:ISO 639:gji|gji]] || Chadic, West, B, B.3, Zaar Proper |- | [[Harshen Luri|Luri]] || || || || Lúr || [[:en:ISO 639:ldd|ldd]] || Chadic, West, B, B.3, Zaar Proper |- | [[Harshen Polci|Polci]] || [[Polci]], [[Palci]] || [[Palsawa]], [[Zulawa]] || || Palchi, Palci, Polchi || [[:en:ISO 639:plj|plj]] || Chadic, West, B, B.3, Zaar Proper |- | [[Harshen Saya|Saya]] || [[Sayanci]] || || || Sayanci, Sayara, Sayawa, Seiyara, Seya, Seyawa, Vigzar, Vikzar, Zaar || [[:en:ISO 639:say|say]] || Chadic, West, B, B.3, Zaar Proper |- | [[Harshen Zari|Zari]] || || || || Zariwa || [[:en:ISO 639:zaz|zaz]] || Chadic, West, B, B.3, Zaar Proper |- | [[Harshen Zeem|Zeem]] || || || || Chaari || [[:en:ISO 639:zua|zua]] || Chadic, West, B, B.3, Zaar Proper |- | [[Harshen Dass|Dass]] || [[Ɓaranci]], [[Zumbulanci]] / [[Dumbulanci]] || [[Ɓarawa]], [[Zumbulawa]] / [[Dumbulawa]] || || Barawa || [[:en:ISO 639:dot|dot]] || Chadic, West, B, B.3 |- | [[Harshen Fulfulde, Nigerian|Fulfulde, Nigerian]] || || || Fulfulde || || [[:en:ISO 639:fuv|fuv]] || Senegambian, Fula-Wolof, Fula, East Central |- | [[Harshen Fulfulde, Adamawa|Fulfulde, Adamawa]] || [[Fillanci]], [[Fulatanci]] || || || Eastern Fulfulde, Fillanci, Fula, Fulani, Fulatanchi, Fulɓe, Fulfulde || [[:en:ISO 639:fub|fub]] || Senegambian, Fula-Wolof, Fula, Eastern |- | [[Harshen Fulfulde, Benin-Togo|Fulfulde, Benin-Togo]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:fue|fue]] || Senegambian, Fula-Wolof, Fula, West Central |- | [[Harshen Defaka|Defaka]] || || || || Afakani, Defaka-Nkooro || [[:en:ISO 639:afn|afn]] || Ijoid, Defaka |- | [[Harshen Ijo, Southeast|Ijo, Southeast]] || || || || Brass Ijo, Brass-Nembe, Ijaw, Nembe-Akassa || [[:en:ISO 639:ijs|ijs]] || Ijoid, Ijo, East |- | [[Harshen Kalabari|Kalabari]] || || || Kalaḇari Bibi || Ịjọ || [[:en:ISO 639:ijn|ijn]] || Ijoid, Ijo, Eastern, Northeastern, Eastern |- | [[Harshen Ibani|Ibani]] || || || || Bonny, Ubani || [[:en:ISO 639:iby|iby]] || Ijoid, Ijo, Eastern, Northeastern, Eastern |- | [[Harshen Kirike|Kirike]] || || || Kịrịkẹ || Okrika || [[:en:ISO 639:okr|okr]] || Ijoid, Ijo, Eastern, Northeastern, Eastern |- | [[Harshen Nkoroo|Nkoroo]] || || || || Nkoro || [[:en:ISO 639:nkx|nkx]] || Ijoid, Ijo, Eastern, Northeastern |- | [[Harshen Izon|Izon]] || || || || Central-Western Ijo, Ijaw, Ijo, Izo, Uzo || [[:en:ISO 639:ijc|ijc]] || Ijoid, Ijo, West Ijo |- | [[Harshen Okodia|Okodia]] || || || || Akita, Okordia || [[:en:ISO 639:okd|okd]] || Ijoid, Ijo, West, Inland Ijo |- | [[Harshen Biseni|Biseni]] || || || || Amegi, Buseni, Northeast Central Ijo || [[:en:ISO 639:ije|ije]] || Ijoid, Ijo, West, Inland Ijo |- | [[Harshen Oruma|Oruma]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:orr|orr]] || Ijoid, Ijo, West, Inland Ijo |- | [[Harshen Dirim|Dirim]] || || || || Daka, Dakka, Dirin, Dirrim || [[:en:ISO 639:dir|dir]] || Bantoid, Northern, Dakoid |- | [[Harshen Dong|Dong]] || || || || Donga || [[:en:ISO 639:doh|doh]] || Bantoid, Northern, Dakoid |- | [[Harshen Gaa|Gaa]] || || || || Tiba || [[:en:ISO 639:ttb|ttb]] || Bantoid, Northern, Dakoid |- | [[Harshen Lamja-Dengsa-Tola|Lamja-Dengsa-Tola]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:ldh|ldh]] || Bantoid, Northern, Dakoid |- | [[Harshen Samba Daka|Samba Daka]] || || || || Chamba, Chamba Daka, Daka, Dakka, Dekka, Deng, Jama, Sama, Samba, Tchamba, Tikk, Tsamba || [[:en:ISO 639:ccg|ccg]] || Bantoid, Northern, Dakoid |- | [[Harshen Fam|Fam]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:fam|fam]] || Bantoid, Northern, Fam |- | [[Harshen Mbongno|Mbongno]] || || || || Bungnu, Bungun, Bunu, Gbunhu, Kakaba, Kamkam || [[:en:ISO 639:bgu|bgu]] || Bantoid, Northern, Mambiloid, Mambila-Konja, Magu-Kamkam-Kila |- | [[Harshen Mvanip|Mvanip]] || || || || Magu, Mvanlip, Mvano, Mvanon, Mvanöp || [[:en:ISO 639:mcj|mcj]] || Bantoid, Northern, Mambiloid, Mambila-Konja, Magu-Kamkam-Kila |- | [[Harshen Ndunda|Ndunda]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:nuh|nuh]] || Bantoid, Northern, Mambiloid, Mambila-Konja, Magu-Kamkam-Kila |- | [[Harshen Somyev|Somyev]] || || || || Kila, Somyewe || [[:en:ISO 639:kgt|kgt]] || Bantoid, Northern, Mambiloid, Mambila-Konja, Magu-Kamkam-Kila |- | [[Harshen Mambila, Nigeria|Mambila, Nigeria]] || || || || Bang, Lagubi, Mabila, Mambere, Mambilla, Nor, Nor Tagbo, Tongbo || [[:en:ISO 639:mzk|mzk]] || Bantoid, Northern, Mambiloid, Mambila-Konja, Mambila |- | [[Harshen Njerep|Njerep]] || || || || Njerup || [[:en:ISO 639:njr|njr]] || Bantoid, Northern, Mambiloid, Mambila-Konja, Njerup |- | [[Harshen Ndoola|Ndoola]] || || || || Ndola, Ndoro, Njoyame, Nundoro || [[:en:ISO 639:ndr|ndr]] || Bantoid, Northern, Mambiloid, Ndoro |- | [[Harshen Vute|Vute]] || || || || Babute, Bute, Buti, Fute, Mbute, Mbutere, Mfuti, Vutere, Wetere, Wute || [[:en:ISO 639:vut|vut]] || Bantoid, Northern, Mambiloid, Suga-Vute, Vute |- | [[Harshen Bukwen|Bukwen]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:buz|buz]] || Bantoid, Southern, Beboid |- | [[Harshen Mashi|Mashi]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:jms|jms]] || Bantoid, Southern, Beboid |- | [[Harshen Ekajuk|Ekajuk]] || || || || Akajo, Akajuk || [[:en:ISO 639:eka|eka]] || Bantoid, Southern, Ekoid, Bakor |- | [[Harshen Abanyom|Abanyom]] || || || || Abanyum, Befun, Bofon, Mbofon || [[:en:ISO 639:abm|abm]] || Bantoid, Southern, Ekoid, Bakor |- | [[Harshen Efutop|Efutop]] || || || || Agbaragba, Ofutop || [[:en:ISO 639:ofu|ofu]] || Bantoid, Southern, Ekoid, Bakor |- | [[Harshen Nde-Nsele-Nta|Nde-Nsele-Nta]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:ndd|ndd]] || Bantoid, Southern, Ekoid, Bakor |- | [[Harshen Nkem-Nkum|Nkem-Nkum]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:isi|isi]] || Bantoid, Southern, Ekoid, Bakor |- | [[Harshen Nnam|Nnam]] || || || || Ndem || [[:en:ISO 639:nbp|nbp]] || Bantoid, Southern, Ekoid, Bakor |- | [[Harshen Ejagham|Ejagham]] || || || || Ekoi || [[:en:ISO 639:etu|etu]] || Bantoid, Southern, Ekoid |- | [[Harshen Ndoe|Ndoe]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:nbb|nbb]] || Bantoid, Southern, Ekoid |- | [[Harshen Mbat|Mbat]] || [[Ɓadanci]] || [[Ɓadawa]] || || Bada', Badanchi, Badawa, Bat, Garaka, Jar, Jarawan Kogi, Kanna, Mbada, Mbadawa, Plains Jarawa, River Jarawa || [[:en:ISO 639:bau|bau]] || Bantoid, Southern, Jarawan, Nigerian |- | [[Harshen Mbula-Bwazza|Mbula-Bwazza]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:mbu|mbu]] || Bantoid, Southern, Jarawan, Nigerian |- | [[Harshen Ɓille|Bille]] || [[Ɓillanci]] || || || Bile, Bili, Billanchi, Kunbille || [[:en:ISO 639:bil|bil]] || Bantoid, Southern, Jarawan, Nigerian |- | [[Harshen Kulung|Kulung]] || || || || Bakuli, Bakulu, Bakulung, Bambur, Kukulung, Kulu, Kuluno, Wo, Wurkum || [[:en:ISO 639:bbu|bbu]] || Bantoid, Southern, Jarawan, Nigerian |- | [[Harshen Labir|Labir]] || [[Jakanci]] || || || Jakanci, Jaku, Jakun, Labur || [[:en:ISO 639:jku|jku]] || Bantoid, Southern, Jarawan, Nigerian |- | [[Harshen Bankal|Bankal]] || [[Bankalanci]], [[Baranci]], [[Jaranci]] || [[Jarawa]] || || Bankala, Bankalanci, Baranci, Jaranchi, Jaranci, Jarancin Kasa, Jarawa, Jarawan Kasa, Zhar || [[:en:ISO 639:jjr|jjr]] || Bantoid, Southern, Jarawan, Nigerian |- | [[Harshen Duguri|Duguri]] || [[Duguranci]] || [[Dugurawa]] || || Doori, Dugarwa, Duguranchi, Dugurawa, Dukuri || [[:en:ISO 639:dbm|dbm]] || Bantoid, Southern, Jarawan, Nigerian |- | [[Harshen Dulbu|Dulbu]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:dbo|dbo]] || Bantoid, Southern, Jarawan, Nigerian |- | [[Harshen Gwa|Gwa]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:gwb|gwb]] || Bantoid, Southern, Jarawan, Nigerian |- | [[Harshen Gwak|Gwak]] || [[Jaranci]], [[Bankalanci]] || [[Jarawa]], [[Bankalawa]] || Gwak || Bankalawa, Gingwak, Jar, Jaracin Kasa, Jaranchi, Jaranci, Jarancin Kasa, Jarawa, Jarawan Bununu, Jarawan Kasa, Lasjar || [[:en:ISO 639:jgk|jgk]] || Bantoid, Southern, Jarawan, Nigerian |- | [[Harshen Lame|Lame]] || [[Rufanci]], [[Bomberanci]] || [[Rufawa]], [[Bomberawa]] || || || [[:en:ISO 639:bma|bma]] || Bantoid, Southern, Jarawan, Nigerian |- | [[Harshen Mama|Mama]] || || || || Kantana, Kwarra || [[:en:ISO 639:mma|mma]] || Bantoid, Southern, Jarawan, Nigerian |- | [[Harshen Shiki|Shiki]] || [[Gubanci]] || [[Gubawa]] || || Guba, Gubawa, Gubi, Mashiki || [[:en:ISO 639:gua|gua]] || Bantoid, Southern, Jarawan, Nigerian |- | [[Harshen Damlanci|Damlanci]] || [[Damlanci]] || [[Damlawa]] || || || || Bantoid, Southern, Jarawan, Nigerian |- | [[Harshen Mbe|Mbe]] || || || Mbe || Ketuen, Western Mbube || [[:en:ISO 639:mfo|mfo]] || Bantoid, Southern, Mbe |- | [[Harshen Otank|Otank]] || || || || Itang, Itank, Otang, Otanga, Utanga, Utange, Utank || [[:en:ISO 639:uta|uta]] || Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid |- | [[Harshen Abon|Abon]] || || || || Abong, Abõ, Ba'ban || [[:en:ISO 639:abo|abo]] || Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid |- | [[Harshen Ambo|Ambo]] || || || || Timap || [[:en:ISO 639:amb|amb]] || Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid |- | [[Harshen Batu|Batu]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:btu|btu]] || Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid |- | [[Harshen Bitare|Bitare]] || || || || Njwande, Yukutare || [[:en:ISO 639:brt|brt]] || Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid |- | [[Harshen Esimbi|Esimbi]] || || || || Aage, Age, Bogue, Eshimbi, Essimbi, Isimbi, Mburugam, Simpi || [[:en:ISO 639:ags|ags]] || Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid |- | [[Harshen Evant|Evant]] || || || || Avand, Avande, Balegete, Belegete, Evand, Ovand, Ovande, Ovando || [[:en:ISO 639:bzz|bzz]] || Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid |- | [[Harshen Iceve-Maci|Iceve-Maci]] || || || || Icheve, Oceve, Ochebe, Ocheve, Utse, Utser, Utseu || [[:en:ISO 639:bec|bec]] || Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid |- | [[Harshen Iyive|Iyive]] || || || || Asumbo, Ndir, Uive, Yiive || [[:en:ISO 639:uiv|uiv]] || Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid |- | [[Harshen Tiv|Tiv]] || || || Tiv || || [[:en:ISO 639:tiv|tiv]] || Bantoid, Southern, Tivoid |- | [[Harshen Kpati|Kpati]] || || || || Bati, Dong, Kam || [[:en:ISO 639:koc|koc]] || Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Ngemba |- | [[Harshen Lidzonka|Lidzonka]] || || || || Adere, Adiri, Dzodinka || [[:en:ISO 639:add|add]] || Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nkambe |- | [[Harshen Limbum|Limbum]] || || || || Kambu, Wimbum || [[:en:ISO 639:lmp|lmp]] || Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nkambe |- | [[Harshen Yamba|Yamba]] || || || || Mbem, “Kaka” (pej.) || [[:en:ISO 639:yam|yam]] || Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Mbam-Nkam, Nkambe |- | [[Harshen Lamnso'|Lamnso']] || || || || Bansaw, Banso, Banso', Lamnsok, Lamso, Nsaw, Nsho', Nso, Nso', Panso || [[:en:ISO 639:lns|lns]] || Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Ring, East |- | [[Harshen Nde-Gbite|Nde-Gbite]] || || || || Biti, Bötö || [[:en:ISO 639:ned|ned]] || Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Unclassified |- | [[Harshen Viti|Viti]] || || || || Vötö || [[:en:ISO 639:vit|vit]] || Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields, Unclassified |- | [[Harshen Fum|Fum]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:fum|fum]] || Bantoid, Southern, Wide Grassfields, Narrow Grassfields |- | [[Harshen Áncá|Áncá]] || || || || Bunta || [[:en:ISO 639:acb|acb]] || Bantoid, Unclassified |- | [[Harshen Buru|Buru]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:bqw|bqw]] || Bantoid, Unclassified |- | [[Harshen Nshi|Nshi]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:nsc|nsc]] || Bantoid, Unclassified |- | [[Harshen Bete-Bendi|Bete-Bendi]] || || || || Bette-Bendi, Dama || [[:en:ISO 639:btt|btt]] || Cross River, Bendi |- | [[Harshen Elege|Elege]] || || || || Alege, Alegi, Ugbe, Uge || [[:en:ISO 639:alf|alf]] || Cross River, Bendi |- | [[Harshen Bekwarra|Bekwarra]] || || || || Bekworra, Ebekwara, Yakoro || [[:en:ISO 639:bkv|bkv]] || Cross River, Bendi |- | [[Harshen Bokyi|Bokyi]] || || || || Boki, Nfua, Nki, Okii, Osikom, Osukam, Uki, Vaaneroki || [[:en:ISO 639:bky|bky]] || Cross River, Bendi |- | [[Harshen Bukpe|Bukpe]] || || || || Ukpe, Ukpe-Bayobiri || [[:en:ISO 639:ukp|ukp]] || Cross River, Bendi |- | [[Harshen Bumaji|Bumaji]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:byp|byp]] || Cross River, Bendi |- | [[Harshen Obanliku|Obanliku]] || || || || Abanglekuo, Abanliku || [[:en:ISO 639:bzy|bzy]] || Cross River, Bendi |- | [[Harshen Ubang|Ubang]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:uba|uba]] || Cross River, Bendi |- | [[Harshen Utugwang-Irungene-Afrike|Utugwang-Irungene-Afrike]] || || || || Ebe Cluster, Putukwam || [[:en:ISO 639:afe|afe]] || Cross River, Bendi |- | [[Harshen Odual|Odual]] || || || Ọḍual || Onu Oḍual, Saka || [[:en:ISO 639:odu|odu]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Central Delta, Abua-Odual |- | [[Harshen Abua|Abua]] || || || Abuan || || [[:en:ISO 639:abn|abn]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Central Delta, Abua-Odual |- | [[Harshen Kugbo|Kugbo]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:kes|kes]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Central Delta, Kugbo |- | [[Harshen Abureni|Abureni]] || || || || Mini || [[:en:ISO 639:mgj|mgj]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Central Delta |- | [[Harshen O'chi'chi'|O'chi'chi']] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:xoc|xoc]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Central Delta |- | [[Harshen Obulom|Obulom]] || || || || Abuloma || [[:en:ISO 639:obu|obu]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Central Delta |- | [[Harshen Ogbia|Ogbia]] || || || || Ogbinya || [[:en:ISO 639:ogb|ogb]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Central Delta |- | [[Harshen Ogbogolo|Ogbogolo]] || || || || Obogolo || [[:en:ISO 639:ogg|ogg]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Central Delta |- | [[Harshen Ogbronuagum|Ogbronuagum]] || || || || Bukuma, Obronuagum || [[:en:ISO 639:ogu|ogu]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Central Delta |- | [[Harshen Ebughu|Ebughu]] || || || || Oron || [[:en:ISO 639:ebg|ebg]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Ebughu |- | [[Harshen Efai|Efai]] || || || || Effiat || [[:en:ISO 639:efa|efa]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Efai |- | [[Harshen Anaang|Anaang]] || || || Anaañ || Anang, Annang || [[:en:ISO 639:anw|anw]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Efik |- | [[Harshen Efik|Efik]] || || || Efik || Calabar || [[:en:ISO 639:efi|efi]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Efik |- | [[Harshen Ibibio|Ibibio]] || || || Ibibio || || [[:en:ISO 639:ibb|ibb]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Efik |- | [[Harshen Ukwa|Ukwa]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:ukq|ukq]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Efik |- | [[Harshen Ekit|Ekit]] || || || || Eket || [[:en:ISO 639:eke|eke]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Ekit |- | [[Harshen Etebi|Etebi]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:etb|etb]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Ekit |- | [[Harshen Enwan|Enwan]] || || || || Oron || [[:en:ISO 639:enw|enw]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Enwang-Uda |- | [[Harshen Uda|Uda]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:uda|uda]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Enwang-Uda |- | [[Harshen Ibino|Ibino]] || || || || Ibeno, Ibuno || [[:en:ISO 639:ibn|ibn]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Ibino |- | [[Harshen Ibuoro|Ibuoro]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:ibr|ibr]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Ibuoro |- | [[Harshen Ito|Ito]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:itw|itw]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Ibuoro |- | [[Harshen Itu Mbon Uzo|Itu Mbon Uzo]] || || || || Itu Mbon Uso, Itu Mbuzo || [[:en:ISO 639:itm|itm]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Ibuoro |- | [[Harshen Nkari|Nkari]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:nkz|nkz]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Ibuoro |- | [[Harshen Iko|Iko]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:iki|iki]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Iko |- | [[Harshen Ilue|Ilue]] || || || || Idua || [[:en:ISO 639:ilv|ilv]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Ilue |- | [[Harshen Okobo|Okobo]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:okb|okb]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Okobo |- | [[Harshen Oro|Oro]] || || || || Oron || [[:en:ISO 639:orx|orx]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Oro |- | [[Harshen Usaghade|Usaghade]] || || || || Isangele, Usakade, Usakedet || [[:en:ISO 639:usk|usk]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo, Usaghade |- | [[Harshen Eki|Eki]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:eki|eki]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo |- | [[Harshen Idere|Idere]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:ide|ide]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo |- | [[Harshen Obolo|Obolo]] || || || Obolo || Andone, Andoni, Andonni || [[:en:ISO 639:ann|ann]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Lower Cross, Obolo |- | [[Harshen Khana|Khana]] || || || || Kana, Ogoni || [[:en:ISO 639:ogo|ogo]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Ogoni, East |- | [[Harshen Gokana|Gokana]] || || || Gokana || || [[:en:ISO 639:gkn|gkn]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Ogoni, East |- | [[Harshen Tee|Tee]] || || || || Tai || [[:en:ISO 639:tkq|tkq]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Ogoni, East |- | [[Harshen Baan|Baan]] || || || || Baan-Ogoi, Goi, Ogoi || [[:en:ISO 639:bvj|bvj]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Ogoni, West |- | [[Harshen Eleme|Eleme]] || || || Eleme || || [[:en:ISO 639:elm|elm]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Ogoni, West |- | [[Harshen Agoi|Agoi]] || || || || Ibami, Ro Bambami, Wa Bambani, Wagoi || [[:en:ISO 639:ibm|ibm]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Agoi-Doko-Iyoniyong |- | [[Harshen Bakpinka|Bakpinka]] || || || || Begbungba, Iyongiyong, Iyoniyong, Uwet || [[:en:ISO 639:bbs|bbs]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Agoi-Doko-Iyoniyong |- | [[Harshen Doko-Uyanga|Doko-Uyanga]] || || || || Basanga, Dosanga, Iko, Uyanga || [[:en:ISO 639:uya|uya]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Agoi-Doko-Iyoniyong |- | [[Harshen Ukpet-Ehom|Ukpet-Ehom]] || || || || Akpet-Ehom || [[:en:ISO 639:akd|akd]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Akpet |- | [[Harshen Olulumo-Ikom|Olulumo-Ikom]] || || || || Lulumo || [[:en:ISO 639:iko|iko]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Central, East-West, Ikom |- | [[Harshen Lokaa|Lokaa]] || || || Lokạạ || Loka, Loke, Loko, Lokǝ, Lokö, Luko, Yakurr, Yakö || [[:en:ISO 639:yaz|yaz]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Central, East-West, Loko |- | [[Harshen Lubila|Lubila]] || || || || Kabila, Kabire, Lubilo, Ofor, Ojor || [[:en:ISO 639:kcc|kcc]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Central, East-West, Loko |- | [[Harshen Nkukoli|Nkukoli]] || || || || Ekuri, Lokoli, Lokukoli, Nkokolle || [[:en:ISO 639:nbo|nbo]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Central, East-West, Loko |- | [[Harshen Legbo|Legbo]] || || || || Agbo, Gbo, Igbo, Imaban, Itigidi, Leggbo || [[:en:ISO 639:agb|agb]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Central, East-West, Mbembe-Legbo, Legbo |- | [[Harshen Lenyima|Lenyima]] || || || || Anyima, Inyima || [[:en:ISO 639:ldg|ldg]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Central, East-West, Mbembe-Legbo, Legbo |- | [[Harshen Leyigha|Leyigha]] || || || || Asiga, Assiga, Ayiga, Ayigha, Yigha || [[:en:ISO 639:ayi|ayi]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Central, East-West, Mbembe-Legbo, Legbo |- | [[Harshen Mbembe, Cross River|Mbembe, Cross River]] || || || || Ekokoma, Ifunubwa, Oderiga, Ofunobwam, Okam, Wakande || [[:en:ISO 639:mfn|mfn]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Central, East-West, Mbembe-Legbo, Mbembe |- | [[Harshen Oring|Oring]] || || || || Koring, Orri, Orrin, Orringorrin || [[:en:ISO 639:org|org]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Central, North-South, Koring-Kukele, Koring |- | [[Harshen Kukele|Kukele]] || || || || Bakele, Ukele || [[:en:ISO 639:kez|kez]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Central, North-South, Koring-Kukele, Kukele |- | [[Harshen Uzekwe|Uzekwe]] || || || || Ezekwe || [[:en:ISO 639:eze|eze]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Central, North-South, Koring-Kukele, Kukele |- | [[Harshen Agwagwune|Agwagwune]] || || || || Agwaguna, Akurakura, Gwune, Okurikan, “Akunakuna” (pej.) || [[:en:ISO 639:yay|yay]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Central, North-South, Ubaghara-Kohumono, Kohumono |- | [[Harshen Hohumono|Hohumono]] || || || || Bahumono, Bhahumono, Ediba, Ekumuru, Humono, Kohumono, Ohumono || [[:en:ISO 639:bcs|bcs]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Central, North-South, Ubaghara-Kohumono, Kohumono |- | [[Harshen Umon|Umon]] || || || || Amon || [[:en:ISO 639:umm|umm]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Central, North-South, Ubaghara-Kohumono, Kohumono |- | [[Harshen Ubaghara|Ubaghara]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:byc|byc]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Central, North-South, Ubaghara-Kohumono, Ubaghara |- | [[Harshen Kiong|Kiong]] || || || || Akayon, Akoiyang, Iyoniyong, Okonyong, Okoyong, Äkäyön~ || [[:en:ISO 639:kkm|kkm]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Kiong-Korop |- | [[Harshen Korop|Korop]] || || || || Durop, Kurop, Ododop || [[:en:ISO 639:krp|krp]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Kiong-Korop |- | [[Harshen Odut|Odut]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:oda|oda]] || Cross River, Delta Cross, Upper Cross, Kiong-Korop |- | [[Harshen Akpes|Akpes]] || || || || Ibaram-Efifa || [[:en:ISO 639:ibe|ibe]] || Akpes |- | [[Harshen Arigidi|Arigidi]] || || || || North Akoko || [[:en:ISO 639:aqg|aqg]] || Defoid, Akokoid |- | [[Harshen Àhàn|Àhàn]] || || || || Ahaan || [[:en:ISO 639:ahn|ahn]] || Defoid, Ayere-Ahan |- | [[Harshen Ayere|Ayere]] || || || || Iluwu, Mayin nuwu, Oyuwu, Uwu || [[:en:ISO 639:aye|aye]] || Defoid, Ayere-Ahan |- | [[Harshen Isekiri|Isekiri]] || || || Iṣekiri || Chekiri, Irhobo, Iselema-Otu, Ishekiri, Itsekiri, Iwere, Jekri, Selemo, Shekiri, Warri || [[:en:ISO 639:its|its]] || Defoid, Yoruboid, Edekiri |- | [[Harshen Ulukwumi|Ulukwumi]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:ulb|ulb]] || Defoid, Yoruboid, Edekiri |- | [[Harshen Yoruba|Yoruba]] || [[Yarbanci]] || || Èdè Yorùbá || Yariba, Yooba, Yorùbá || [[:en:ISO 639:yor|yor]] || Defoid, Yoruboid, Edekiri |- | [[Harshen Igala|Igala]] || || || Igala || Igara || [[:en:ISO 639:igl|igl]] || Defoid, Yoruboid, Igala |- | [[Harshen Degema|Degema]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:deg|deg]] || Edoid, Delta |- | [[Harshen Engenni|Engenni]] || || || || Egene, Ngene || [[:en:ISO 639:enn|enn]] || Edoid, Delta |- | [[Harshen Epie|Epie]] || || || || Epie-Atissa || [[:en:ISO 639:epi|epi]] || Edoid, Delta |- | [[Harshen Edo|Edo]] || || || Edo || Addo, Benin, Bini, Oviedo, Ovioba || [[:en:ISO 639:bin|bin]] || Edoid, North-Central, Edo-Esan-Ora |- | [[Harshen Emai-Iuleha-Ora|Emai-Iuleha-Ora]] || || || || Ivbiosakon, Kunibum || [[:en:ISO 639:ema|ema]] || Edoid, North-Central, Edo-Esan-Ora |- | [[Harshen Esan|Esan]] || || || || Anwain, Esa, Isa, Ishan || [[:en:ISO 639:ish|ish]] || Edoid, North-Central, Edo-Esan-Ora |- | [[Harshen Enwan|Enwan]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:env|env]] || Edoid, North-Central, Ghotuo-Uneme-Yekhee |- | [[Harshen Etsako|Etsako]] || || || || Afenmai, Etsakor, Iyekhee, Yekhee, “Kukuruku” (pej.) || [[:en:ISO 639:ets|ets]] || Edoid, North-Central, Ghotuo-Uneme-Yekhee |- | [[Harshen Ghotuo|Ghotuo]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:aaa|aaa]] || Edoid, North-Central, Ghotuo-Uneme-Yekhee |- | [[Harshen Igwe|Igwe]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:igw|igw]] || Edoid, North-Central, Ghotuo-Uneme-Yekhee |- | [[Harshen Ikpeshi|Ikpeshi]] || || || || Ekpeshe, Ikpeshe || [[:en:ISO 639:ikp|ikp]] || Edoid, North-Central, Ghotuo-Uneme-Yekhee |- | [[Harshen Ivbie North-Okpela-Arhe|Ivbie North-Okpela-Arhe]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:atg|atg]] || Edoid, North-Central, Ghotuo-Uneme-Yekhee |- | [[Harshen Ososo|Ososo]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:oso|oso]] || Edoid, North-Central, Ghotuo-Uneme-Yekhee |- | [[Harshen Sasaru|Sasaru]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:sxs|sxs]] || Edoid, North-Central, Ghotuo-Uneme-Yekhee |- | [[Harshen Uneme|Uneme]] || || || || Ileme, Ineme, Uleme || [[:en:ISO 639:une|une]] || Edoid, North-Central, Ghotuo-Uneme-Yekhee |- | [[Harshen Ihievbe|Ihievbe]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:ihi|ihi]] || Edoid, North-Central |- | [[Harshen Ehueun|Ehueun]] || || || || Ekpenmen, Ekpimi, Epimi || [[:en:ISO 639:ehu|ehu]] || Edoid, Northwestern, Osse |- | [[Harshen Iyayu|Iyayu]] || || || || Idoani || [[:en:ISO 639:iya|iya]] || Edoid, Northwestern, Osse |- | [[Harshen Uhami|Uhami]] || || || || Ishua || [[:en:ISO 639:uha|uha]] || Edoid, Northwestern, Osse |- | [[Harshen Ukue|Ukue]] || || || || Ekpenmen, Ekpenmi, Epinmi, Ukpe || [[:en:ISO 639:uku|uku]] || Edoid, Northwestern, Osse |- | [[Harshen Akuku|Akuku]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:ayk|ayk]] || Edoid, Northwestern, Southern |- | [[Harshen Idesa|Idesa]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:ids|ids]] || Edoid, Northwestern, Southern |- | [[Harshen Okpamheri|Okpamheri]] || || || || Opameri || [[:en:ISO 639:opa|opa]] || Edoid, Northwestern, Southern |- | [[Harshen Okpe|Okpe]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:okx|okx]] || Edoid, Northwestern, Southern |- | [[Harshen Oloma|Oloma]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:olm|olm]] || Edoid, Northwestern, Southern |- | [[Harshen Aduge|Aduge]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:adu|adu]] || Edoid, Northwestern |- | [[Harshen Eruwa|Eruwa]] || || || || Arokwa, Erakwa, Erohwa || [[:en:ISO 639:erh|erh]] || Edoid, Southwestern |- | [[Harshen Isoko|Isoko]] || || || Isoko || || [[:en:ISO 639:iso|iso]] || Edoid, Southwestern |- | [[Harshen Okpe|Okpe]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:oke|oke]] || Edoid, Southwestern |- | [[Harshen Urhobo|Urhobo]] || || || Urhobo || Biotu, “Sobo” (pej.) || [[:en:ISO 639:urh|urh]] || Edoid, Southwestern |- | [[Harshen Uvbie|Uvbie]] || || || || Effurun, Evrie, Uvhria, Uvwie, “Evhro” (pej.) || [[:en:ISO 639:evh|evh]] || Edoid, Southwestern |- | [[Harshen Eloyi|Eloyi]] || || || Eloyi || Afao, Afo, Afu, Aho, Epe, Keffi || [[:en:ISO 639:afo|afo]] || Idomoid, Akweya, Eloyi |- | [[Harshen Etulo|Etulo]] || || || || Eturo, Turumawa, Utur || [[:en:ISO 639:utr|utr]] || Idomoid, Akweya, Etulo-Idoma, Etulo |- | [[Harshen Agatu|Agatu]] || || || || North Idoma, Ochekwu || [[:en:ISO 639:agc|agc]] || Idomoid, Akweya, Etulo-Idoma, Idoma |- | [[Harshen Alago|Alago]] || || || Alago || Arago, Aragu, Argo, Idoma Nokwu || [[:en:ISO 639:ala|ala]] || Idomoid, Akweya, Etulo-Idoma, Idoma |- | [[Harshen Idoma|Idoma]] || || || Idoma || || [[:en:ISO 639:idu|idu]] || Idomoid, Akweya, Etulo-Idoma, Idoma |- | [[Harshen Igede|Igede]] || || || || Egede, Igedde || [[:en:ISO 639:ige|ige]] || Idomoid, Akweya, Etulo-Idoma, Idoma |- | [[Harshen Yala|Yala]] || || || Yala || Iyala || [[:en:ISO 639:yba|yba]] || Idomoid, Akweya, Etulo-Idoma, Idoma |- | [[Harshen Akpa|Akpa]] || || || || Akweya || [[:en:ISO 639:akf|akf]] || Idomoid, Yatye-Akpa |- | [[Harshen Yace|Yace]] || || || || Ekpari, Iyace, Yache, Yatye || [[:en:ISO 639:ekr|ekr]] || Idomoid, Yatye-Akpa |- | [[Harshen Ebira|Ebira]] || || || Ebira || Egbira, Egbura, Ibara, Igbarra, Igbira, Igbirra, Katawa, Kotokori, Kwotto || [[:en:ISO 639:igb|igb]] || Nupoid, Ebira-Gade |- | [[Harshen Gade|Gade]] || || || || Gede || [[:en:ISO 639:ged|ged]] || Nupoid, Ebira-Gade |- | [[Harshen Gbagyi|Gbagyi]] || || || || East Gwari, Gbagye, Gwari, Gwari Matai, Ibagyi || [[:en:ISO 639:gbr|gbr]] || Nupoid, Nupe-Gbagyi, Gbagyi-Gbari |- | [[Harshen Gbari|Gbari]] || || || || Gbari Yamma, Gwari Yamma, Nkwa, West Gwari || [[:en:ISO 639:gby|gby]] || Nupoid, Nupe-Gbagyi, Gbagyi-Gbari |- | [[Harshen Asu|Asu]] || || || || Abewa, Ebe || [[:en:ISO 639:aum|aum]] || Nupoid, Nupe-Gbagyi, Nupe |- | [[Harshen Gupa-Abawa|Gupa-Abawa]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:gpa|gpa]] || Nupoid, Nupe-Gbagyi, Nupe |- | [[Harshen Kakanda|Kakanda]] || || || || Adyaktye, Akanda, Hyabe || [[:en:ISO 639:kka|kka]] || Nupoid, Nupe-Gbagyi, Nupe |- | [[Harshen Kami|Kami]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:kmi|kmi]] || Nupoid, Nupe-Gbagyi, Nupe |- | [[Harshen Kupa|Kupa]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:kug|kug]] || Nupoid, Nupe-Gbagyi, Nupe |- | [[Harshen Nupe-Nupe-Tako|Nupe-Nupe-Tako]] || [[Nupenci]] || [[Nufawa]] || Nupe || Nufawa, Nupeci, Nupenchi || [[:en:ISO 639:nup|nup]] || Nupoid, Nupe-Gbagyi, Nupe |- | [[Harshen Dibo|Dibo]] || [[Ganaganci]] || [[Ganagawa]] || || Ganagana, Ganagawa, Shitako, Zhitako, Zitako || [[:en:ISO 639:dio|dio]] || Nupoid, Nupe-Gbagyi |- | [[Harshen Oko-Eni-Osayen|Oko-Eni-Osayen]] || || || || Ogori-Magongo, Oko || [[:en:ISO 639:oks|oks]] || Oko |- | [[Harshen Ukaan|Ukaan]] || || || || AIKA (Ayanran-Ishe-Kakumo-Auga), Anyaran, Auga, Ikan, Kakumo || [[:en:ISO 639:kcf|kcf]] || Ukaan |- | [[Harshen Ekpeye|Ekpeye]] || || || || Ekkpahia, Ekpabya, Ekpaffia || [[:en:ISO 639:ekp|ekp]] || Igboid, Ekpeye |- | [[Harshen Ika|Ika]] || || || Ika || || [[:en:ISO 639:ikk|ikk]] || Igboid, Igbo |- | [[Harshen Ezaa|Ezaa]] || || || Ezaa || Eza, Ezza || [[:en:ISO 639:eza|eza]] || Igboid, Igbo |- | [[Harshen Igbo|Igbo]] || || || Igbo || Ibo || [[:en:ISO 639:ibo|ibo]] || Igboid, Igbo |- | [[Harshen Ikwere|Ikwere]] || || || Ikwerre || Ikwerri || [[:en:ISO 639:ikw|ikw]] || Igboid, Igbo |- | [[Harshen Ikwo|Ikwo]] || || || Ikwo || || [[:en:ISO 639:iqw|iqw]] || Igboid, Igbo |- | [[Harshen Izii|Izii]] || || || Izii || Izhi, Izi, Izzi || [[:en:ISO 639:izz|izz]] || Igboid, Igbo |- | [[Harshen Mgbolizhia|Mgbolizhia]] || || || Mgbolizhia || Mgbo, Ngbo || [[:en:ISO 639:gmz|gmz]] || Igboid, Igbo |- | [[Harshen Ogbah|Ogbah]] || || || Ọgba || Ogba, Olu Ọgba || [[:en:ISO 639:ogc|ogc]] || Igboid, Igbo |- | [[Harshen Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni|Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:ukw|ukw]] || Igboid, Igbo |- | [[Harshen Hõne|Hõne]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:juh|juh]] || Jukunoid, Central, Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Jukun |- | [[Harshen Jibu|Jibu]] || [[Jibanci]] || [[Jibawa]] || Jibu || Jibanci, Jibawa || [[:en:ISO 639:jib|jib]] || Jukunoid, Central, Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Jukun |- | [[Harshen Jukun Takum|Jukun Takum]] || || || || Diyi, Jukun, Njikum || [[:en:ISO 639:jbu|jbu]] || Jukunoid, Central, Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Jukun |- | [[Harshen Wãpha|Wãpha]] || || || || Wase, Wase Tofa || [[:en:ISO 639:juw|juw]] || Jukunoid, Central, Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Jukun |- | [[Harshen Jiba|Jiba]] || || || || Bajibaro, Jibe, Jibi, Jukun Kona, Kona || [[:en:ISO 639:juo|juo]] || Jukunoid, Central, Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Kororofa |- | [[Harshen Wannu|Wannu]] || || || || Abinsi, Awannu, Jukun Abinsi, River Jukun || [[:en:ISO 639:jub|jub]] || Jukunoid, Central, Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Kororofa |- | [[Harshen Wapan|Wapan]] || || || || Jinkum, Jukon, Juku, Juku Junkun, Jukum, Jukun Wapan, Jukun Wukari, Wakari, Wapã, Wukari || [[:en:ISO 639:juk|juk]] || Jukunoid, Central, Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Kororofa |- | [[Harshen Mbembe, Tigon|Mbembe, Tigon]] || || || || Akonto, Akwanto, Noale, Tigim, Tigon, Tigong, Tukun || [[:en:ISO 639:nza|nza]] || Jukunoid, Central, Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Mbembe |- | [[Harshen Shoo-Minda-Nye|Shoo-Minda-Nye]] || [[Bandanci]] || [[Bandawa]] (Shoo) || || Bakula || [[:en:ISO 639:bcv|bcv]] || Jukunoid, Central, Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Unclassified |- | [[Harshen Como Karim|Como Karim]] || || || || Asom, Bakula, Chomo, Kinzimba, Kirim, Kiyu, Nuadhu, Shomo Karim, Shomoh, Shomong || [[:en:ISO 639:cfg|cfg]] || Jukunoid, Central, Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Wurbo |- | [[Harshen Jiru|Jiru]] || || || || Atak, Bakula, Kir, Wiyap, Zhiru || [[:en:ISO 639:jrr|jrr]] || Jukunoid, Central, Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Wurbo |- | [[Harshen Tita|Tita]] || || || || Hoai Petel || [[:en:ISO 639:tdq|tdq]] || Jukunoid, Central, Jukun-Mbembe-Wurbo, Wurbo |- | [[Harshen Etkywan|Etkywan]] || || || || Etekwe, Icen, Ichen, Itchen, Kentu, Kyanton, Kyato, Nyidu || [[:en:ISO 639:ich|ich]] || Jukunoid, Central, Kpan-Icen |- | [[Harshen Kpan|Kpan]] || || || || Abakan, Hwaso, Hwaye, Ibukwo, Ikpan, Kpanten, Kpwate, Nyatso, Nyonyo, Yorda || [[:en:ISO 639:kpk|kpk]] || Jukunoid, Central, Kpan-Icen |- | [[Harshen Akum|Akum]] || || || || Aakuem, Anyar, Oakuem || [[:en:ISO 639:aku|aku]] || Jukunoid, Yukuben-Kuteb |- | [[Harshen Kapya|Kapya]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:klo|klo]] || Jukunoid, Yukuben-Kuteb |- | [[Harshen Kutep|Kutep]] || || || Kuteb || Ati, Kutev, Mbarike, Zumper, “Jompre” (pej.) || [[:en:ISO 639:kub|kub]] || Jukunoid, Yukuben-Kuteb |- | [[Harshen Yukuben|Yukuben]] || || || || Ayikiben, Balaabe, Balaaben, Boritsu, Nyikobe, Nyikuben, Oohum, Uhumkhegi, Uhumkiji, Uuhum, Uuhum-Gigi || [[:en:ISO 639:ybl|ybl]] || Jukunoid, Yukuben-Kuteb |- | [[Harshen Bete|Bete]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:byf|byf]] || Jukunoid |- | [[Harshen Amo|Amo]] || || || Timap || Amap, Amon, Among, Ba || [[:en:ISO 639:amo|amo]] || Kainji, Eastern, Amo |- | [[Harshen Gamo-Ningi|Gamo-Ningi]] || [[Butanci]] (Gamo) || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:bte|bte]] || Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Jera |- | [[Harshen Gyem|Gyem]] || [[Gyemanci]] / [[Gemanci]] || [[Gyemawa]] / [[Gemawa]] || || Gema, Gemawa, Gyam, Gyemawa || [[:en:ISO 639:gye|gye]] || Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Jera |- | [[Harshen Iguta|Iguta]] || || || || Anaguta, Naraguta || [[:en:ISO 639:nar|nar]] || Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Jera |- | [[Harshen Izora|Izora]] || [[Cokobanci]] || [[Cokobawa]] || || Chokobo, Cokobanci, Cokobawa, Ndazora, Zora || [[:en:ISO 639:cbo|cbo]] || Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Jera |- | [[Harshen Janji|Janji]] || || || || Ajanji, Anafejanzi, Jenji, Tijanji || [[:en:ISO 639:jni|jni]] || Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Jera |- | [[Harshen Jere|Jere]] || [[Gusanci]] (Gusu), [[Jeriyanci]] (Azelle), [[Ipananci]] / [[Unupananci]] / [[Pananci]] || [[Gusawa]] (Gusu), [[Jeriyawa]] (Azelle), [[Ipanawa]] / [[Unupanawa]] || || Jeere, Jera || [[:en:ISO 639:jer|jer]] || Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Jera |- | [[Harshen Kudu-Camo|Kudu-Camo]] || [[Kudanci]] || [[Kudawa]] || || Kuda-Chamo, Kudawa || [[:en:ISO 639:kov|kov]] || Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Jera |- | [[Harshen Lemoro|Lemoro]] || || || || Anemoro, Anowuru, Emoro, Limorro || [[:en:ISO 639:ldj|ldj]] || Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Jera |- | [[Harshen Lere|Lere]] || [[Gananci]] || [[Rishuwa]] (Si), [[Ganawa]] (Gana) || || || [[:en:ISO 639:gnh|gnh]] || Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Jera |- | [[Harshen Sanga|Sanga]] || || || || Asanga, Isanga || [[:en:ISO 639:xsn|xsn]] || Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Jera |- | [[Harshen Shau|Shau]] || || || || Lìsháù, Sho || [[:en:ISO 639:sqh|sqh]] || Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Jera |- | [[Harshen Sheni|Sheni]] || [[Shenanci]] || || || Shaini, Shani, Shenanci || [[:en:ISO 639:scv|scv]] || Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Jera |- | [[Harshen Tunzuii|Tunzuii]] || || || || Dugusa, Duguza, Itunzu || [[:en:ISO 639:dza|dza]] || Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Jera |- | [[Harshen Ziriya|Ziriya]] || || || || Jiriya || [[:en:ISO 639:zir|zir]] || Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Jera |- | [[Harshen Bina|Bina]] || [[Binanci]] || [[Binawa]] || || Abin, Binawa, Bogana, Ibin, Tibin || [[:en:ISO 639:byj|byj]] || Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Kauru |- | [[Harshen Dungu|Dungu]] || [[Dunjanci]] || [[Dunjawa]] || || Dingi, Dungi, Dunjawa, Dwingi || [[:en:ISO 639:dbv|dbv]] || Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Kauru |- | [[Harshen Kaivi|Kaivi]] || || || || Kaibi || [[:en:ISO 639:kce|kce]] || Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Kauru |- | [[Harshen Kinuku|Kinuku]] || || || || Kinugu, Kinuka || [[:en:ISO 639:kkd|kkd]] || Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Kauru |- | [[Harshen Kono|Kono]] || || || || Konu, Kwono || [[:en:ISO 639:klk|klk]] || Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Kauru |- | [[Harshen Kurama|Kurama]] || || || || Akurmi, Akurumi, Azumu, Bagwama, Tikurami || [[:en:ISO 639:krh|krh]] || Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Kauru |- | [[Harshen Mala|Mala]] || || || || Amala, Rumaiya, Rumaya, Tumala || [[:en:ISO 639:ruy|ruy]] || Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Kauru |- | [[Harshen Ruma|Ruma]] || || || || Bagwama, Rurama, Ruruma, Turama || [[:en:ISO 639:ruz|ruz]] || Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Kauru |- | [[Harshen Shuwa-Zamani|Shuwa-Zamani]] || || || || Kauru, Kuzamani, Rishuwa || [[:en:ISO 639:ksa|ksa]] || Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Kauru |- | [[Harshen Tugbiri-Niragu|Tugbiri-Niragu]] || || || || Gbiri-Niragu, Gure-Kahugu, Tugbiri || [[:en:ISO 639:grh|grh]] || Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Kauru |- | [[Harshen Tumi|Tumi]] || || || || Kitimi, Tutumi || [[:en:ISO 639:kku|kku]] || Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Kauru |- | [[Harshen Vono|Vono]] || || || || Kiballo, Kiwollo || [[:en:ISO 639:kch|kch]] || Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Kauru |- | [[Harshen Vori|Vori]] || || || || Fiti, Skrubu, Srubu, Surubu, Tivori, Zurubu || [[:en:ISO 639:sde|sde]] || Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos, Kauru |- | [[Harshen Panawa|Panawa]] || [[Pananci]] || [[Panawa]] || || Bugel, Bujiye || [[:en:ISO 639:pwb|pwb]] || Kainji, Eastern, Northern Jos |- | [[Harshen Abishi|Abishi]] || || || || Abisi, Bisi, Piti, Pitti || [[:en:ISO 639:pcn|pcn]] || Kainji, Eastern, Piti-Atsam |- | [[Harshen Atsam|Atsam]] || || || || Cawai, Cawe, Cawi, Chawai, Chawe, Chawi || [[:en:ISO 639:cch|cch]] || Kainji, Eastern, Piti-Atsam |- | [[Harshen Basa-Gumna|Basa-Gumna]] || || || || Basa, Basa Kuta, Basa-Kaduna, Bassa-Kaduna, Bassa-Kuta, Gwadara Basa || [[:en:ISO 639:bsl|bsl]] || Kainji, Western, Basa |- | [[Harshen Basa|Basa]] || || || || Abacha, Abatsa, Basa-Benue, Bassa, Rubasa, Rubassa, “Bassa-Komo” (pej.), “Bassa-Kwomu” (pej.) || [[:en:ISO 639:bzw|bzw]] || Kainji, Western, Basa |- | [[Harshen Basa-Gurmana|Basa-Gurmana]] || || || || Koromba || [[:en:ISO 639:buj|buj]] || Kainji, Western, Basa |- | [[Harshen Bassa-Kontagora|Bassa-Kontagora]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:bsr|bsr]] || Kainji, Western, Basa |- | [[Harshen Bauchi|Bauchi]] || || || || Bauci, Baushi, Kushi || [[:en:ISO 639:bsf|bsf]] || Kainji, Western, Baushi-Gurmana |- | [[Harshen Gurmana|Gurmana]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:gvm|gvm]] || Kainji, Western, Baushi-Gurmana |- | [[Harshen C'Lela|C'Lela]] || [[Cilala]], [[Dakarci]] || [[Lalawa]] || Lela || Cala-Cala, Chilala, Chilela, Dakakari, Dakarkari, Dakkarkari, Kolela, Lalawa || [[:en:ISO 639:dri|dri]] || Kainji, Western, Duka |- | [[Harshen Damakawa|Damakawa]] || [[Harshen Damakawa|Damakawa]] || [[Damakawa]] || || Tidama'un || [[:en:ISO 639:dam|dam]] || Kainji, Western, Duka |- | [[Harshen Gwamhi-Wuri|Gwamhi-Wuri]] || [[Banganci]] || [[Bangawa]], [[Wurawa]], [[Gwamfawa]], [[Konkanawa]] || || Banganci, Bangawa, Lyase, Lyase-Ne || [[:en:ISO 639:bga|bga]] || Kainji, Western, Duka |- | [[Harshen us-Saare|us-Saare]] || [[Dukanci]] || [[Dukawa]] || || Western Duka, Western Dukawa, es-Saare, əs-Saare || [[:en:ISO 639:uss|uss]] || Kainji, Western, Duka |- | [[Harshen ut-Hun|ut-Hun]] || [[Dukanci]] || [[Dukawa]] || it-Hun || Eastern Duka, Eastern Dukawa, Hun-ne, Hune, et-Hun, ət-Hun || [[:en:ISO 639:uth|uth]] || Kainji, Western, Duka |- | [[Harshen ut-Ma'in|ut-Ma'in]] || [[Fakanci]] || [[Fakawa]], [[Gelawa]], [[Zuksun]], [[Kukumawa]], [[Kelawa]], [[Tuduwa]], [[Kuluwa]] || ut-Ma'in || Fakai, Fakanchi, Fakanci, Fakkanci, Gelanchi || [[:en:ISO 639:gel|gel]] || Kainji, Western, Duka |- | [[Harshen Lopa|Lopa]] || [[Lopanci]] || [[Lopawa]] || || Djiri, Kirikjir, Lopawa, Lupa, Ollaran || [[:en:ISO 639:lop|lop]] || Kainji, Western, Kainji Lake |- | [[Harshen Laru|Laru]] || [[Laranci]] || [[Larawa]] || || Laranchi, Larawa, Laro, Sengwe || [[:en:ISO 639:lan|lan]] || Kainji, Western, Kainji Lake |- | [[Harshen Tsucuba|Tsucuba]] || || || || Cuba, Urcibar || [[:en:ISO 639:cbq|cbq]] || Kainji, Western, Kainji Lake |- | [[Harshen Cishingini|Cishingini]] || [[Kamberci]] || || Cishingini || Agwara Kambari, Aschingini, Ashaganna, Ashingini, Chisingini, Kambari, Kamberchi, Kamberri, Tsishingini, [[Yauri]], “Maunchi” (pej.), “Mawanchi” (pej.) || [[:en:ISO 639:asg|asg]] || Kainji, Western, Kambari |- | [[Harshen Baangi|Baangi]] || || || || Cibaangi || [[:en:ISO 639:bqx|bqx]] || Kainji, Western, Kambari |- | [[Harshen Tsikimba|Tsikimba]] || [[Kamberci]] || || Tsikimba || Akimba, Auna, Kambari, Kamberchi, Kamberri, Kimba || [[:en:ISO 639:kdl|kdl]] || Kainji, Western, Kambari |- | [[Harshen Tsishingini|Tsishingini]] || [[Kamberci]] || || Tsishingini || Ashingini, Cishingini, Kambari, Kamberchi, Kamberri, Salka || [[:en:ISO 639:tsw|tsw]] || Kainji, Western, Kambari |- | [[Harshen Tsuvadi|Tsuvadi]] || || || || Abadi, Avadi, Evadi, Ibeto, Kamberi || [[:en:ISO 639:tvd|tvd]] || Kainji, Western, Kambari |- | [[Harshen Rogo|Rogo]] || || || || Burogo, Shiyabe, Toshiyabe, Ucanja Kamuku, Urogo, toRogo || [[:en:ISO 639:rod|rod]] || Kainji, Western, Kamuku |- | [[Harshen Cahungwarya|Cahungwarya]] || || || || Hungworo, Ingwe, Ingwo, Ngwe, Ngwoi, Nkwoi, Ungwe || [[:en:ISO 639:nat|nat]] || Kainji, Western, Kamuku |- | [[Harshen Shama-Sambuga|Shama-Sambuga]] || || || || Tushama, Ushama || [[:en:ISO 639:sqa|sqa]] || Kainji, Western, Kamuku |- | [[Acipanci (Zubazuba)|Acipa, Eastern]] || [[Acipanci (Zubazuba)|Acipanci]] || || || Achipa, Acipanci, Zubazuba || [[:en:ISO 639:acp|acp]] || Kainji, Western, Kamuku |- | [[Acipanci (Cicipu)|Cicipu]] || [[Acipanci (Cicipu)|Acipanci]] || || || Achipa, Acipanci, Western Acipa || [[:en:ISO 639:awc|awc]] || Kainji, Western, Kamuku |- | [[Harshen Fungwa|Fungwa]] || || || || Afungwa, Tufungwa, Ula, Ura || [[:en:ISO 639:ula|ula]] || Kainji, Western, Kamuku |- | [[Harshen Kamuku|Kamuku]] || || || || 'Yara, Cinda-Regi-Tiyal, Tiyal, Tiyar, Tu'yara, Tucipu || [[:en:ISO 639:cdr|cdr]] || Kainji, Western, Kamuku |- | [[Harshen Pangu|Pangu]] || || || Tarin || Akwa, Arringeu, Pongo, Pongu || [[:en:ISO 639:png|png]] || Kainji, Western, Kamuku |- | [[Harshen Reshe|Reshe]] || [[Gunganci]] || [[Gungawa]], [[Yaurawa]] || Tsureshe || Bareshe, Gunga, Gunganchi, Gunganci, Gungawa, Tsureja, Yaurawa || [[:en:ISO 639:res|res]] || Kainji, Western, Reshe |- | [[Harshen Alumu-Tesu|Alumu-Tesu]] || || || || Alumu, Arum-Cesu, Arum-Chessu, Arum-Tesu || [[:en:ISO 639:aab|aab]] || Plateau, Alumic |- | [[Harshen Ayu|Ayu]] || || || || Aya || [[:en:ISO 639:ayu|ayu]] || Plateau, Ayu |- | [[Harshen Berom|Berom]] || || || || Afango, Berum, Birom, Gbang, Kibbo, Kibbun, Kibo, Kibyen, Lêm Berom, “Shosho” (pej.) || [[:en:ISO 639:bom|bom]] || Plateau, Beromic |- | [[Harshen Iten|Iten]] || || || Iten || Aten, Eten, Etien, Ganawuri, Niten, Ten, “Jal” (pej.) || [[:en:ISO 639:etx|etx]] || Plateau, Beromic |- | [[Harshen Shall-Zwall|Shall-Zwall]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:sha|sha]] || Plateau, Beromic |- | [[Harshen Cara|Cara]] || || || || Chara, Fachara, Fakara, Nfachara, Pakara, Tariya, Tera, Teriya, Terri || [[:en:ISO 639:cfd|cfd]] || Plateau, Central, North-Central |- | [[Harshen Ibaas|Ibaas]] || || || Ibaas || Aficen, Biken, Cen, Chen, Forom, Icen, Icen FiForon, Icen Ibaas, Ichen || [[:en:ISO 639:cen|cen]] || Plateau, Central, South-Central |- | [[Harshen Izere|Izere]] || || || Izere || Afizare, Afizarek, Afizere, Afudelek, Afusare, Feserek, Fezere, Fizere, Hill Jarawa, Izarek, Izer, Jarawa, Jarawan Dutse, Jari, Jos-Zarazon || [[:en:ISO 639:izr|izr]] || Plateau, Central, South-Central |- | [[Harshen Firan|Firan]] || || || || Faran, Foron, Kwakwi, Yes Firan || [[:en:ISO 639:fir|fir]] || Plateau, Central, South-Central |- | [[Harshen Ganang|Ganang]] || || || || Gashish || [[:en:ISO 639:gne|gne]] || Plateau, Central, South-Central |- | [[Harshen Jju|Jju]] || || || Jju || Kache, Kaje, Kajji || [[:en:ISO 639:kaj|kaj]] || Plateau, Central, South-Central |- | [[Harshen Rigwe|Rigwe]] || || || Rigwe || Aregwe, Idafan, Iregwe, Irigwe, Kwal, Kwan, Kwoll, Miango, Miyango, Nkarigwe, Nnerigwe, Nyango, Yirigwe || [[:en:ISO 639:iri|iri]] || Plateau, Central, South-Central |- | [[Harshen Tyap|Tyap]] || || || || Katab, Kataf || [[:en:ISO 639:kcg|kcg]] || Plateau, Central, South-Central |- | [[Harshen Ahwai|Ahwai]] || [[Nandu]] || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:nfd|nfd]] || Plateau, Central, West-Central |- | [[Harshen Adara|Adara]] || || || || Kadara || [[:en:ISO 639:kad|kad]] || Plateau, Northern |- | [[Harshen Ajiya|Ajiya]] || || || || Ajuli, Idon, Idong, Misiwa || [[:en:ISO 639:idc|idc]] || Plateau, Northern |- | [[Harshen Doka|Doka]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:dbi|dbi]] || Plateau, Northern |- | [[Harshen Iku-Gora-Ankwa|Iku-Gora-Ankwa]] || || || || Ekhwa, Iku || [[:en:ISO 639:ikv|ikv]] || Plateau, Northern |- | [[Harshen Ikulu|Ikulu]] || || || || Ankulu, Ikolu, Kulu || [[:en:ISO 639:ikl|ikl]] || Plateau, Northern |- | [[Harshen Kuturmi|Kuturmi]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:khj|khj]] || Plateau, Northern |- | [[Harshen Bo-Rukul|Bo-Rukul]] || || || || Mabo-Barkul, Mabo-Barukul, “Kaleri” (pej.) || [[:en:ISO 639:mae|mae]] || Plateau, Southeastern |- | [[Harshen Horom|Horom]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:hoe|hoe]] || Plateau, Southeastern |- | [[Harshen Pyam|Pyam]] || [[Genanci]] || [[Genawa]] || Pyam || Fem, Fyam, Fyem, Genawa, Gyem, Gyema, Paiem, Pem, Pyem || [[:en:ISO 639:pym|pym]] || Plateau, Southeastern |- | [[Harshen Lijili|Lijili]] || || || Lijili || Jili, Koro Lafia, Koro of Lafia, Ligili, Megili, Migili, Mijili || [[:en:ISO 639:mgi|mgi]] || Plateau, Southern |- | [[Harshen Tanjijili|Tanjijili]] || || || || Jijili, Koro, Koro Funtu of Kafin Koro, Koro Funtu of Minna, Koro Funtu of Shakoyi, Ujijili || [[:en:ISO 639:uji|uji]] || Plateau, Southern |- | [[Harshen Pe|Pe]] || || || || Dalong, Pai || [[:en:ISO 639:pai|pai]] || Plateau, Tarokoid |- | [[Harshen Sur|Sur]] || [[Tapshinanci]] || [[Tapshinawa]] || || Dishili, Myet, Nsur, Suru, Tapshin, Tapshinawa || [[:en:ISO 639:tdl|tdl]] || Plateau, Tarokoid |- | [[Harshen Tarok|Tarok]] || || || iTárók || Appa, Taroh, Yergam, Yergem, Yergum || [[:en:ISO 639:yer|yer]] || Plateau, Tarokoid |- | [[Harshen Yangkam|Yangkam]] || [[Basharanci]] || [[Basharawa]] || || Bashar, Basharawa, Bashiri, Yankam || [[:en:ISO 639:bsx|bsx]] || Plateau, Tarokoid |- | [[Harshen Cori|Cori]] || || || || Chori || [[:en:ISO 639:cry|cry]] || Plateau, Western, Northwestern, Hyamic |- | [[Harshen Gyong|Gyong]] || || || || Agoma, Gong, Gwong, Kagoma, Kwong || [[:en:ISO 639:kdm|kdm]] || Plateau, Western, Northwestern, Hyamic |- | [[Harshen Hyam|Hyam]] || || || || Ham, Hyamhum, Jabba, Jeba || [[:en:ISO 639:jab|jab]] || Plateau, Western, Northwestern, Hyamic |- | [[Harshen Shamang|Shamang]] || || || || Samang, Samban || [[:en:ISO 639:xsh|xsh]] || Plateau, Western, Northwestern, Hyamic |- | [[Harshen Zhire|Zhire]] || || || || Kenyi || [[:en:ISO 639:zhi|zhi]] || Plateau, Western, Northwestern, Hyamic |- | [[Harshen Ashe|Ashe]] || || || Ishe || Ala, Koro Makama, Koron Ache, Koron Ala || [[:en:ISO 639:ahs|ahs]] || Plateau, Western, Northwestern, Koro |- | [[Harshen Duya|Duya]] || || || || Adong, Idun, Jaba Duya, Jaba Lunga, Lungu, Ungu || [[:en:ISO 639:ldb|ldb]] || Plateau, Western, Northwestern, Koro |- | [[Harshen Koro Wachi|Koro Wachi]] || || || || Agere, Begbere-Ejar, Koro Agwe, Koro Makama, Koro Myamya, Miamia, Miamiya || [[:en:ISO 639:bqv|bqv]] || Plateau, Western, Northwestern, Koro |- | [[Harshen Nyankpa|Nyankpa]] || || || || Nyenkpa, Yasgua, Yeskwa || [[:en:ISO 639:yes|yes]] || Plateau, Western, Northwestern, Koro |- | [[Harshen Bu|Bu]] || || || || Ibut, Jida, Jida-Abu, Jidda-Abu, Nakare || [[:en:ISO 639:jid|jid]] || Plateau, Western, Southwestern, A |- | [[Harshen Kamantan|Kamantan]] || || || || Angan, Kamanton || [[:en:ISO 639:kci|kci]] || Plateau, Western, Southwestern, A |- | [[Harshen Kanufi|Kanufi]] || || || || Karshi || [[:en:ISO 639:kni|kni]] || Plateau, Western, Southwestern, A |- | [[Harshen Kuce|Kuce]] || || || Kuche || Bace, Bache, Che, Inchazi, Rukuba, Sale || [[:en:ISO 639:ruk|ruk]] || Plateau, Western, Southwestern, A |- | [[Harshen Mada|Mada]] || || || Mada || Madda, Yidda || [[:en:ISO 639:mda|mda]] || Plateau, Western, Southwestern, A |- | [[Harshen Nikyob-Nindem|Nikyob-Nindem]] || || || || Kaningdom-Nindem, Kaningdon-Nindem, Kaningkom-Nindem, Kaningkon-Nindem, Kaninkom-Nindem, Kaninkon-Nindem, Ninkyob-Nindem || [[:en:ISO 639:kdp|kdp]] || Plateau, Western, Southwestern, A |- | [[Harshen Ninzo|Ninzo]] || || || || Akiza, Amar Tita, Ancha, Fadan Wate, Gbhu, Gbhu D Amar Randfa, Hate, Incha, Kwasu, Ninzam, Nunzo || [[:en:ISO 639:nin|nin]] || Plateau, Western, Southwestern, A |- | [[Harshen Numana|Numana]] || || || || Arak, Inmwen, Nimana, Numana-Nunku-Gbantu-Numbu || [[:en:ISO 639:nbr|nbr]] || Plateau, Western, Southwestern, A |- | [[Harshen Nungu|Nungu]] || || || || Lindiri, Rendre, Rindiri, Rindre || [[:en:ISO 639:rin|rin]] || Plateau, Western, Southwestern, A |- | [[Harshen Vaghat-Ya-Bijim-Legeri|Vaghat-Ya-Bijim-Legeri]] || || || || Vwhat || [[:en:ISO 639:bij|bij]] || Plateau, Western, Southwestern, A |- | [[Harshen Ake|Ake]] || || || || Aike, Akye, Kapon || [[:en:ISO 639:aik|aik]] || Plateau, Western, Southwestern, B |- | [[Harshen Eggon|Eggon]] || || || || Egon, Hill Mada, Mada Dutse, Mada Eggon, Mo Egon || [[:en:ISO 639:ego|ego]] || Plateau, Western, Southwestern, B |- | [[Harshen Hasha|Hasha]] || || || || Yashi || [[:en:ISO 639:ybj|ybj]] || Plateau, Western, Southwestern, B |- | [[Harshen Sambe|Sambe]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:xab|xab]] || Plateau, Western, Southwestern, B |- | [[Harshen Toro|Toro]] || || || || Turkwam || [[:en:ISO 639:tdv|tdv]] || Plateau |- | [[Harshen Fali Baissa|Fali of Baissa]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:fah|fah]] || Unclassified |- | [[Harshen Ija-Zuba|Ija-Zuba]] || || || || Koro Afiki, Koro Ija, Koro Zuba || [[:en:ISO 639:vki|vki]] || Unclassified |- | [[Harshen Gun|Gun]] || || || || Egun, Gugbe, Gun-Alada, Gun-Gbe, Seto-Gbe || [[:en:ISO 639:guw|guw]] || Volta-Congo, Kwa, Left Bank, Gbe, Aja |- | [[Harshen Kam|Kam]] || || || || Nyingwom, Nyiwom, Yimwom || [[:en:ISO 639:kdx|kdx]] || Adamawa, Kam |- | [[Harshen Kwa|Kwa]] || || || || Baa, Kwah || [[:en:ISO 639:kwb|kwb]] || Adamawa, Kwa |- | [[Harshen Peere|Peere]] || || || || Kotofo, Kotopo, Kotpojo, Koutin, Kutin, Kutine, Kutinn, Pare, Patapori, Peer, Pere, Potopo, Potopore || [[:en:ISO 639:pfe|pfe]] || Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Duru, Voko-Dowayo, Kutin |- | [[Harshen Koma|Koma]] || || || || Kuma || [[:en:ISO 639:kmy|kmy]] || Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Duru, Voko-Dowayo, Vere-Dowayo, Vere-Gimme, Vere |- | [[Harshen Verre|Verre]] || || || || Kobo, Mom Jango, Vere, Were || [[:en:ISO 639:ver|ver]] || Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Duru, Voko-Dowayo, Vere-Dowayo, Vere-Gimme, Vere |- | [[Harshen Nyong|Nyong]] || || || || Chukkol, Daganyonga, Mubako, Mumbake, Nyoking, Nyongnepa, Peti, Teteka, Yapeli || [[:en:ISO 639:muo|muo]] || Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Leko |- | [[Harshen Samba Leko|Samba Leko]] || || || || Chamba Leko, Lego, Leko, Lekon, Ndi, Samba, Samba Leeko, Suntai || [[:en:ISO 639:ndi|ndi]] || Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Leko |- | [[Harshen Wom|Wom]] || || || || Pere, Pereba, Perema || [[:en:ISO 639:wom|wom]] || Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Leko |- | [[Harshen Gengle|Gengle]] || || || || Momu, Wegele, Yagele || [[:en:ISO 639:geg|geg]] || Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Mumuye-Yandang, Mumuye |- | [[Harshen Kumba|Kumba]] || || || || Isaro, Sate, Yofo || [[:en:ISO 639:ksm|ksm]] || Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Mumuye-Yandang, Mumuye |- | [[Harshen Mumuye|Mumuye]] || || || || Yoro || [[:en:ISO 639:mzm|mzm]] || Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Mumuye-Yandang, Mumuye |- | [[Harshen Pangseng|Pangseng]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:pgs|pgs]] || Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Mumuye-Yandang, Mumuye |- | [[Harshen Rang|Rang]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:rax|rax]] || Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Mumuye-Yandang, Mumuye |- | [[Harshen Teme|Teme]] || || || || Tema || [[:en:ISO 639:tdo|tdo]] || Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Mumuye-Yandang, Mumuye |- | [[Harshen Waka|Waka]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:wav|wav]] || Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Mumuye-Yandang, Mumuye |- | [[Harshen Yendang|Yendang]] || || || || Kuseki, Nya Korok, Nya Yendang, Nyandang, Yadang, Yandang, Yendam, Yundum || [[:en:ISO 639:ynq|ynq]] || Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Mumuye-Yandang, Yandang |- | [[Harshen Bali|Bali]] || || || Abaali, Maya || Bibaali, Ekpali, Ibaali || [[:en:ISO 639:bcn|bcn]] || Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Mumuye-Yandang, Yandang |- | [[Harshen Kpasham|Kpasham]] || || || || 'Balo, Kpasam, Maya, Nyisam, Passam || [[:en:ISO 639:pbn|pbn]] || Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Mumuye-Yandang, Yandang |- | [[Harshen Kugama|Kugama]] || || || || Kugamma, Wegam, Yamale, Yamalo || [[:en:ISO 639:kow|kow]] || Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Mumuye-Yandang, Yandang |- | [[Harshen Yotti|Yotti]] || || || || Wonkorok, Yoti || [[:en:ISO 639:yot|yot]] || Adamawa, Leko-Nimbari, Mumuye-Yandang, Yandang |- | [[Harshen Laka|Laka]] || || || || Godogodo, Lakka, Lao Habe, Lau || [[:en:ISO 639:lak|lak]] || Adamawa, Mbum-Day, Mbum, Unclassified |- | [[Harshen Burak|Burak]] || || || || Buurak || [[:en:ISO 639:bys|bys]] || Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Jen |- | [[Harshen Dza|Dza]] || || || Ngwa Idza || E Idza, Janjo, Jen, Jenjo || [[:en:ISO 639:jen|jen]] || Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Jen |- | [[Harshen Kyak|Kyak]] || || || || Bambuka, Nyakyak || [[:en:ISO 639:bka|bka]] || Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Jen |- | [[Harshen Leelau|Leelau]] || || || || Bakula, Lelau, Lelo, Munga, Munga Lelau || [[:en:ISO 639:ldk|ldk]] || Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Jen |- | [[Harshen Loo|Loo]] || || || || Lo, Loh, Shungo, Shunhu || [[:en:ISO 639:ldo|ldo]] || Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Jen |- | [[Harshen Mághdì|Mághdì]] || || || || Tala, Widala || [[:en:ISO 639:gmd|gmd]] || Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Jen |- | [[Harshen Mak|Mak]] || || || || Leemak, Lemak, Panya, Panyam, Zo || [[:en:ISO 639:pbl|pbl]] || Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Jen |- | [[Harshen Mingang Doso|Mingang Doso]] || || || || Doso, Munga Doso, Ngwai Mungàn || [[:en:ISO 639:mko|mko]] || Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Jen |- | [[Harshen Moo|Moo]] || || || || Gomu, Gwom, Gwomo, Gwomu, Ngwaa Móò, Yáá Mòò || [[:en:ISO 639:gwg|gwg]] || Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Jen |- | [[Harshen Tha|Tha]] || [[Kapanci]] || [[Kapawa]] || || Joole Manga, Kapawa || [[:en:ISO 639:thy|thy]] || Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Jen |- | [[Harshen Longuda|Longuda]] || || || || Languda, Longura, Nunguda, Nungura, Nunguraba || [[:en:ISO 639:lnu|lnu]] || Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Longuda |- | [[Harshen Kamo|Kamo]] || || || || Kamu, Ma, Nubama, Nyima || [[:en:ISO 639:kcq|kcq]] || Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Waja, Awak |- | [[Harshen Awak|Awak]] || || || || Awok, Yebu || [[:en:ISO 639:awo|awo]] || Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Waja, Awak |- | [[Harshen Dikaka|Dikaka]] || [[Harshen Mwona|Mwona]] || [[Mwona]] (Bwilim) || || || [[:en:ISO 639:cfa|cfa]] || Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Waja, Cham-Mona |- | [[Harshen Tso|Tso]] || || || || Cibbo, Cuyi Tsó, Kitta, Lotsu-Piri, Pire, Piri, Tsóbó || [[:en:ISO 639:ldp|ldp]] || Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Waja, Cham-Mona |- | [[Harshen Dadiya|Dadiya]] || || || || Daadiya, Dadia, Loodiya || [[:en:ISO 639:dbd|dbd]] || Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Waja, Dadiya |- | [[Harshen Bangwinji|Bangwinji]] || || || Bangjinge || Bangunji || [[:en:ISO 639:bsj|bsj]] || Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Waja, Tula |- | [[Harshen Tula|Tula]] || || || || Kotule, Kutule || [[:en:ISO 639:tul|tul]] || Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Waja, Tula |- | [[Harshen Waja|Waja]] || || || || Nyan Wiyau, Wiyaa, Wuya || [[:en:ISO 639:wja|wja]] || Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Waja, Tula |- | [[Harshen Kaan|Kaan]] || || || || Kan, Libbo, Libo || [[:en:ISO 639:ldl|ldl]] || Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Yungur, Libo |- | [[Harshen Mboi|Mboi]] || || || || Gena, Mboire, Mboyi || [[:en:ISO 639:moi|moi]] || Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Yungur, Mboi |- | [[Harshen Ɓena|Bena]] || || || Ɓə́ná-Yungur || Binna, Buna, Ebina, Ebuna, Gbinna, Purra, Yangeru, Yongor, Yungur, “Lala” (pej.) || [[:en:ISO 639:yun|yun]] || Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Yungur, Yungur-Roba |- | [[Harshen Lala-Roba|Lala-Roba]] || || || || Gworam || [[:en:ISO 639:lla|lla]] || Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Yungur, Yungur-Roba |- | [[Harshen Voro|Voro]] || || || || Bena, Buna, Ebina, Ebuna, Woro, Yungur || [[:en:ISO 639:vor|vor]] || Adamawa, Waja-Jen, Yungur, Yungur-Roba |- | [[Harshen Gbaya, Northwest|Gbaya, Northwest]] || || || || Baya || [[:en:ISO 639:gya|gya]] || Ubangi, Gbaya-Manza-Ngbaka, Northwest |- | [[Harshen Baatonum|Baatonum]] || [[Borganci]] || [[Borgawa]] || || Baatonun, Baatonun-Kwara, Barba, Bargu, Bariba, Batonnum, Batonu, Berba, Bogung, Borgawa, Borgu, Burgu, Zana || [[:en:ISO 639:bba|bba]] || Gur, Bariba |- | [[Harshen Bisã|Bisã]] || [[Busanci]] || [[Busawa]] || Bisã || Bariba, Bisayã, Busa, Busa-Bisã, Busano, Bussanchi, Bussawa || [[:en:ISO 639:bqp|bqp]] || Mande, Eastern, Eastern, Busa |- | [[Harshen Bokobaru|Bokobaru]] || [[Busanci]] || [[Busawa]] || Zogben || Bariba, Busa-Bokobaru, Bussanchi, Bussawa || [[:en:ISO 639:bus|bus]] || Mande, Eastern, Eastern, Busa |- | [[Harshen Boko|Boko]] || || || || Bo'o, Bokonya || [[:en:ISO 639:bqc|bqc]] || Mande, Eastern, Eastern, Busa |- | [[Harshen Shanga|Shanga]] || [[Shanganci]] / [[Shonganci]] || [[Shangawa]] / [[Shongawa]] || || Shangawa, Shonga, Shongawa || [[:en:ISO 639:sho|sho]] || Mande, Eastern, Eastern, Kyanga |- | [[Harshen Kyanga|Kyanga]] || [[Kyanganci]] || [[Kyangawa]] || Kyanga || Canga, Changa, Kenga, Kyangawa, Kyenga, Kã, Tienga, Tyanga, Tyenga || [[:en:ISO 639:tye|tye]] || Mande, Eastern, Eastern, Kyanga |- | [[Harshen Sorko|Sorko]] || [[Sarkanci]] || [[Sarkawa]] || || Corogama, Jenaama Bozo, Jenama, Nononke, Sarkanci, Sarkawa, Sorogama, “Boso” (pej.), “Bozo” (pej.) || [[:en:ISO 639:bze|bze]] || Mande, Western, Northwestern, Soninke-Bobo, Soninke-Boso, Boso, Jenaama |- | [[Harshen Kanuri|Kanuri]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:kau|kau]] || Saharan, Western, Kanuri |- | [[Harshen Kanuri, Yerwa|Kanuri, Yerwa]] || || || Kanuri, Yerwa Kanuri || Bornu, Central Kanuri, Kanouri, Kanoury, “Beriberi” (pej.) || [[:en:ISO 639:knc|knc]] || Saharan, Western, Kanuri |- | [[Harshen Tarjumo|Tarjumo]] || || || || Old Kanembu || [[:en:ISO 639:txj|txj]] || Saharan, Western, Kanuri |- | [[Harshen Kanuri, Manga|Kanuri, Manga]] || || || || Kanouri, Kanoury, Manga || [[:en:ISO 639:kby|kby]] || Saharan, Western, Kanuri |- | [[Harshen Tedaga|Tedaga]] || || || || Teda || [[:en:ISO 639:tuq|tuq]] || Saharan, Western, Tebu |- | [[Harshen Dendi|Dendi]] || [[Dandanci]] || [[Dandawa]] || || Dandawa, Songhay || [[:en:ISO 639:ddn|ddn]] || Songhai, Southern |- | [[Harshen Zarma|Zarma]] || || || || Adzerma, Djerma, Dyabarma, Dyarma, Dyerma, Zabarma, Zarbarma, Zarma sanni, Zarmaciine, Zerma || [[:en:ISO 639:dje|dje]] || Songhai, Southern |- | [[Harshen Turanci|English]] || [[Turanci]] || [[Turawa]] || || || [[:en:ISO 639:eng|eng]] || Indo-European, Germanic, West, English |- | [[Harshen Pidgin Nijeriya|Pidgin, Nigerian]] || || || Naijá || Anglo-Nigerian Pidgin, Broken English, Brokin, Brokun, Nigerian Creole English, Nigerian Pidgin English, Pidgin || [[:en:ISO 639:pcm|pcm]] || Creole, English based, Atlantic, Krio |- | [[Harshen Centúúm|Centúúm]] || || || || Cen Tuum, Jalaa || [[:en:ISO 639:cet|cet]] || Language isolate |- | [[Harshen Lufu|Lufu]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:ldq|ldq]] || Unclassified |- | [[Harshen Mawa|Mawa]] || || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:wma|wma]] || Unclassified |- | [[Harshen Barikanci|Barikanchi]] || [[Barikanci]] || || || || [[:en:ISO 639:bxo|bxo]] || Pidgin, Hausa based |- | [[Harshen Gibanawa|Gibanawa]] || [[Gembananci]] / [[Gimbananci]] || [[Gembanawa]] / [[Gimbanawa]] || || Gembanawa, Gimbanawa, Jega || [[:en:ISO 639:gib|gib]] || Pidgin, Hausa based |- | [[Harshen bebaye na ƙasar Nijeriya|Nigerian Sign Language]] || [[Harshen bebaye na ƙasar Nijeriya]] || || || NSL || [[:en:ISO 639:nsi|nsi]] || Sign language |- | [[Harshen bebaye na ƙasar Hausa|Hausa Sign Language]] || [[Harshen bebaye na ƙasar Hausa]] || || || Maganar Hannu || [[:en:ISO 639:hsl|hsl]] || Sign language |} == Duba kuma == * [[Harsunan Nijar-Congo]] * [[Nijeriya|Ƙungiyoyin kabilanci na Nijeriya]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Karin bayani == * Blench, Roger (2002) [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Africa/Nigeria/Minority%20Languages-%20Nigeria%202001.pdf Bincike a kan Maganar Magana a Nijeriya a shekara ta 2001]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. ''Ogmios''. * Chigudu, Theophilus Tanko (2017); 'Yan asalin Arewa na Arewacin gundumar Najeriya: Yan gudun hijira. * Blench, Roger (1998) 'Matsayin Harsunan Tsakiyar Nijeriya', a Brenzinger, M. (ed. ) ''Harshen hasara a Afirka''. Köln: Köppe Verlag, 187-206. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Africa/Nigeria/Language%20Death%20in%20Nigeria.pdf shafin intanet]{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Crozier, David & Blench, Roger (1992) ''Harshen Turanci na Harsunan Harsuna (na biyu)''. Dallas: SIL. == Hanyoyin waje == * [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=NG Rahoton Ethnologue na Harsunan Nijeriya] * Blench, Roger (2012). [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Africa/Nigeria/Atlas%20of%20Nigerian%20Languages-%20ed%20III.pdf Atlas na Harsunan Nijeriya, ed.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806024945/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Africa/Nigeria/Atlas%20of%20Nigerian%20Languages-%20ed%20III.pdf |date=2016-08-06 }} [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Africa/Nigeria/Atlas%20of%20Nigerian%20Languages-%20ed%20III.pdf III] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806024945/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Africa/Nigeria/Atlas%20of%20Nigerian%20Languages-%20ed%20III.pdf |date=2016-08-06 }} (sabuntawa da gyara edition of Crozier & Blench 1992) * Lamle, Elias Nankap, Coprreality da mazaunin wurare a Tarokland. NBTT Latsa. Jos Nijeriya a cikin "Labarin" Ngappak "na Tarok Nation 2005 [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya|*]] cpbbwifm6yh5kxlh2ylo14t1v7qknxf 0 10098 975143 963641 2026-11-02T09:52:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975143 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Donga''' Ƙaramar hukuma ce, takasance ɗaya daga cikin [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan hukumomi]]n da suke a [[Jihar Taraba|jihar Taraba]] wadda ke a shiyar Arewa maso Gabashin ƙasar [[Nijeriya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Donga Local Government Area |url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/places/lga/767/donga |access-date=2022-05-24 |website=www.manpower.com.ng}}</ref> == Yanayin Ƙasa == Ƙaramar Hukumar (Donga) tana da faɗin fili da yakai kimanin kilomita murabba’i 3,121 (3,121 km²). Haka kuma, ita ce ke ɗauke da (Kogin Donga), wanda ke ratsawa ta cikin ƙaramar hukumar. Matsakaicin yanayin zafi a yankin (Donga) yana kusan digiri 32 na ma'aunin Celsius (32 °C), wanda ya yi daidai da digiri 90 na Fahrenheit (90 °F). Yayin da matsakaicin yanayin danshin iska (humidity) a ƙaramar hukumar yake kusan kashi 17 cikin 100 (17%). == Yanayi == Watannin da suka fi zafi da sanyi a '''Donga''' su ne watan Maris da watan Disamba, bi da bi. Matsakaicin yanayin zafi mafi girma yana ƙasa da 29°C (85°F), yayin da mafi ƙarancin yanayin zafi yake ƙasa da 18°C (65°F). Lokacin zafi, wanda yake daga 5 ga Fabrairu zuwa 14 ga Afrilu, yana ɗaukar kusan watanni 2.3, kuma matsakaicin yanayin zafin rana yana wuce 33°C (91°F).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Donga Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/65573/Average-Weather-in-Donga-Nigeria-Year-Round |access-date=2023-09-14 |website=weatherspark.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Atlas |first=Weather |title=Yearly & Monthly weather - Donga, Nigeria |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/nigeria/donga-climate |access-date=2023-09-14 |website=Weather Atlas |language=en}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Maris shi ne watan da ya fi zafi a Donga, inda matsakaicin yanayin zafi mafi girma yake 34°C (93°F), yayin da mafi ƙarancin yanayin zafi yake 23°C (74°F). Matsakaicin yanayin zafi mafi girma a kowace rana a lokacin sanyi, wanda yake ɗaukar kusan watanni 3.5, daga 24 ga Yuni zuwa 9 ga Oktoba, yana ƙasa da 29°C (85°F). Disamba shi ne watan da ya fi sanyi a Donga, inda matsakaicin yanayin zafi mafi girma yake 30°C (86°F), yayin da mafi ƙarancin yanayin zafi yake 18°C (65°F). == manazarta == [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Taraba]] qdb3s4uwnniu8gd0gmr3y13283l8t11 0 10241 975121 719622 2026-11-02T06:06:27Z Zahrah0 14848 975121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''California''' (lafazi: /kaliforniya/) Jiha ce daga cikin jihohin ƙasar Tarayyar [[Amurka]],<ref>California". americaslibrary.gov. Retrieved July 3, 2020.</ref><ref>USGS National Elevation Dataset (NED) 1 meter Downloadable Data Collection from The National Map 3D Elevation Program (3DEP)—National Geospatial Data Asset (NGDA) National Elevation Data Set (NED)". United States Geological Survey. September 21, 2015. Archived from the original on March 25, 2019. Retrieved September 22, 2015.</ref> a Kudu maso ''Gabashin ƙasar''.<ref>"Chapter 2 of Division 2 of Title 1 of the California Government Code". California Office of Legislative Counsel. Retrieved February 23, 2019</ref><ref>"United States Census Quick Facts California". Retrieved January 5, 2025.</ref> Jihar [[Tarayyar Amurka|Tarayyar]] [[Amurka]] ne daga shekara ta alif 1850, Babban birnin jihar []''California]],''<ref>Whitney". NGS Data Sheet. National Geodetic Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States Department of Commerce. Retrieved October 20, 2011.</ref><ref>"American FactFinder—Results". factfinder.census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 24, 2018. Retrieved October 24, 2017.</ref> itace Sacramento.Jihar [[California]] tana da yawan fili kimanin kilomita arabba’i 423,970, da yawan jama'a 39,557,045,<ref>Whitney". ''NGS Data Sheet''. National Geodetic Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States Department of Commerce. Retrieved October 20, 2011.</ref> Gwamnan jihar [[California]] shine Gavin ''Newsom'', daga zaben gwamnan a shekara ta 2014.<ref>Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. Archived from the original on October 15, 2011. Retrieved October 21, 2011.</ref><ref>Household Income in States and Metropolitan Areas: 2023" (PDF). Retrieved January 12, 2025</ref><ref>Household Income in States and Metropolitan Areas: 2023" (PDF). Retrieved January 12, 2025</ref> == Tarihi == == Mulki == == Arziki == == Wasanni == == Fannin tsarotsaro == == Kimiya da Fasaha == == Sifiri == === Sifirin Jirgin Sama === === Sifirin Jirgin Kasa === == Al'adu == === Mutane === === Yaruka === === Abinci === === Tufafi === == Ilimi == == Addinai == === Musulunci === === Kiristanci === == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Mono-lake-tufa-1981-003.jpg|Kogin Mono File:Badwater_elevation_sign.jpg|Badwater in Death Valley National Park File:San_Francisco_from_Twin_Peaks_September_2013_panorama_5_edit.jpg|birnin San Fransisco, California. File:Valley_View_Yosemite_August_2013_002.jpg|Wurin shakatawa na Yosemite, California File:Mount_Whitney_2003-03-25.jpg|Dutsin Whitney, 2003 File:LAX_LA.jpg|Filin jirgin sama na kasa da kasa a birnin Los Angeles, California File:Post-and-Grant-Avenue-Look.jpg|Bayan girgizar kasa a shekarar 1906, San Fransisco, California File:Point Cabrillo Lighthouse, on an early morning in February.jpg|Point Cabrillo Lighthouse a jihar Calirfornia File:Albert Bierstadt - Among the Sierra Nevada, California - Google Art Project.jpg|Daji a Carlifornia File:California sea lion in La Jolla (70568).jpg| Dabban da'ake samu a tekun Carlifornia File:California State Capitol, June 2019.jpg|Babban birnin tarayyan California File:Bixby Creek Bridge, California, USA - May 2013.jpg|Gada a Carlifornia File:California surfer inside wave.jpg|Masu wasa da teku a Carlifornia </gallery> == Manazarta == {{DEFAULTSORT:California}} [[Category:Jihohin Tarayyar Amurka]] {{Jihohin Taraiyar Amurka}} h0pmaluzn14g6xbo2g9zo309z0m6xpl 0 10295 975125 966493 2026-11-02T06:09:04Z Zahrah0 14848 975125 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Robyn Rihanna Fenty''' (/riˈænə/ i ree-AN-ə; <ref>{{Cite web |last=HLN |date=April 26, 2012 |title=Rihanna Shows AJ Hammer How to Pronounce Her Name. |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hJP6q7XzLrQ |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024184954/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hJP6q7XzLrQ |archive-date=October 24, 2017 |access-date=May 2, 2017 |via=YouTube}}</ref> an haife ta ne a ranar 20 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta alif 1988) mawaƙiya ce ta Barbadian, marubuciya, ce 'yar kasuwa, kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=GQ |date=August 26, 2020 |title=A$AP Rocky Answers 18 Questions from Rihanna |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3AiDa3ZD20Y |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217214403/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3AiDa3ZD20Y |archive-date=February 17, 2022 |access-date=February 17, 2022 |via=YouTube}}</ref> Wani mutum ne mai tasiri a cikin al'adun gargajiya, an san ta da aikinta na fannoni da yawa, sake fasalin fasaha, da kuma salon salon salon. Tare da kimanin tallace-tallace sama da miliyan 250, Rihanna tana ɗaya daga cikin masu fasahar kiɗa mafi kyawun kowane lokaci.12345Rihanna ta rock-imbued rikodin Rated R (2009), wanda aka saki bayan harin da saurayinta na lokacin, Chris Brown, ya yi da sautin duhu sosai kuma ya cika da motsin rai daban-daban da ta samu tun daga lokacin.[1][2] Tare da saitin rawa-pop Loud (2010), ta yi tunani game da nishaɗin da take da shi yayin yin rikodin kundin, ta haɗa da ballads, waƙoƙin jam'iyya, da kuma karfafa waƙoƙun soyayya.[3][4] A kan Talk That Talk (2011), Rihanna ta fadada kan salon rawa-pop yayin da take karɓar halin jima'i da ya haɗa abubuwa na R & B, hip-hop, dancehall, da dubstep.[5] Loud and Talk That Talk ya gan ta tana bincika jima'i a cikin aikinta ("S&M" da "Birthday Cake") kuma ta koma ga tushen rawa ("Man Down" da "Watch n' Learn"). [6] Ana bincika rauni a kan rikodin pop da synth-pop Unapologetic (2012), wanda Vulture ya bayyana a matsayin "aikin ƙiyayya [...] don warware yadda take ji game da ita [... tsohon saurayinta Brown] da kuma siffarta ta jama'a".[7][8] Anti (2016), wanda aka kirkira a cikin gwagwarmayar kirkira da rikice-rikicen motsin rai, ya haɗa da bugun lo-fi da tasirin eclectic kamar rai da tarko.[9]Rihanna ta gano Madonna a matsayin gunkin ta da kuma wahayi na farko. Ta bayyana burinta na zama "Black Madonna" kuma ta yaba da baiwarta don ci gaba da sake kirkirar kanta a duk lokacin da take aiki. Rihanna ta yaba da ikon Madonna na canza salon ta da kiɗa akai-akai, yayin da ta kasance "ƙarfi na gaske a cikin nishaɗi".[1] Ta kuma kira Mariah Carey a matsayin babban tasiri a kan kiɗanta da aikinta kuma ta tuna yin waƙarta ta 1993 "Hero" a wasan kwaikwayo na makarantar sakandare.[1][2]Rihanna ta kuma ce Carey ta "Vision of Love" (1990) ita ce waƙar da ta yi wahayi zuwa gare ta don neman aiki a cikin kiɗa.[3] Bayan ta koma Amurka, an fallasa ta ga nau'ikan kiɗa daban-daban, wanda ta ce yana da tasiri sosai a kanta.[4] Rihanna ta gano kundi na huɗu na Brandy, Afrodisiac (2004), a matsayin tushen wahayi na farko don kundin Good Girl Gone Bad . [5]A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, Rihanna sau da yawa tana kallon Bob Marley a talabijin saboda shahararsa a Caribbean.[1] Ta dauke shi daya daga cikin masu zane-zane da ta fi so a kowane lokaci, ta yaba masa da "tafiyar hanyar kowane mai zane daga Caribbean".[ing][2] Ta kirkiro wani wuri mai tsarki a gidanta da aka keɓe wa Marley kuma ta yi murfin "Is This Love" (1978) da "Redemption Song" (1980) yayin yawon shakatawa.[3][4] Yayinda take yarinya, Rihanna ta raira waƙoƙin Whitney Houston da "A Whole New World" (1992) a cikin gashin kanta akai-akai har maƙwabtanta suka fara kiranta "Robyn Redbreast".[5] Ta kuma ambaci cewa daya daga cikin waƙoƙin farko da ta fara soyayya da ita ita ce fassarar Houston na "I Will Always Love You" (1992). Ta yaba da wannan waƙar tare da tayar da sha'awarta ga kiɗa kuma a wani bangare ta danganta kasancewarta a cikin masana'antar ga Houston.[6][7] Rihanna kuma ta sami rinjaye daga masu fasaha kamar Janet Jackson, [1] Aaliyah, Beyonce, Celine Dion, Grace Jones, Bayan sanya hannu tare da Def Jam Recordings, Rihanna ta fara fitowa tare da rikodin Caribbean-inspired Music of the Sun (2005) da A Girl Like Me (2006), dukansu biyu sun kai mataki na jerin saman goma na US <nowiki><i id="mwLA">Billboard</i></nowiki> 200. Waƙoƙin da suka jagoranci, "Pon de Replay" da "SOS", sun kai lamba biyu da ɗaya a kan <nowiki><i id="mwMA">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100 na Amurka. Da yake karɓar hoto mai girma, Rihanna ta tashi zuwa shahararriya kuma ta sauya zuwa rawa-pop da R<nowiki>&</nowiki>amp;B tare da kundin da ta fi sayar da shi Good Girl Gone Bad (2007) da sake bugawa, mai taken Reloaded (2008). Aikin ya samar da jerin waƙoƙi masu nasara, gami da waƙoƙin Amurka "Umbrella", "Take a Bow", da "Disturbia". Bayyanar baƙonta a kan "Live Your Life", "Love the Way You Lie", da kuma "The Monster" kuma sun hau kan ''Billboard'' Hot 100. Bayan bincika ƙarin jigogi na sirri a kan rikodin da ya shafi dutse Rated R (2009), Rihanna ta koma ga sautin da ya fi dacewa tare da kundin rawa-pop Loud (2010) da Talk That Talk (2011), kuma ta hau kan ''Billboard'' 200 tare da saitin synth-pop Unapologetic (2012). Ta tashi daga Def Jam don goyon bayan Roc Nation, ta saki eclectic ''Anti'' (2016) - kundi na biyu na lamba daya. Wadannan kundin sun ƙunshi waƙoƙin Amurka na farko "Rude Boy", "Kawai Girl (A Duniya) ", "Menene Sunan Na?", "S&amp;amp;M", "Mun sami soyayya", "Diamonds", da "Aiki". Tun daga shekara ta 2016, Rihanna tana fitowa da mutane kuma tana yin wasan kwaikwayo a wasu lokuta. Ta kuma shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo, kuma rawar da ta taka a fim sun ''Gida'' da Battleship (2012), Home (2015), Ocean's 8 (2018), da ''Smurfs'' (2025). Rihanna ita ce mai karɓar kyaututtuka da yawa, gami da Grammy Awards tara, Billboard Music Awards goma sha biyu, American Music Awards gomasharo, da kuma MTV Video Music Awards bakwai. Ita ce mafi girman ƙwararren mata na dijital ta Ƙungiyar Masana'antu ta Amurka, kuma tana da ƙwararrun 'yan lu'u-lu'u guda takwas da ƙwararriyar lamba ɗaya a kan ''Billboard'' Hot 100. Mace mai kiɗa ta farko da ta kai matsayin biliyan, Rihanna ta kafa Gidauniyar Clara Lionel mai zaman kanta, alamar kayan kwalliya Fenty Beauty, da alamar kayan ado Fenty a ƙarƙashin LVMH. Gwamnatin Barbados ta nada ta a matsayin jakada a shekarar 2018 kuma ta ayyana ta a matsayin Jarumi na Barbados a shekarar 2021. == Rayuwa da aiki == === 1988-2002: Rayuwa ta farko === [[File:Casa_donde_vivió_Rihanna,_a_pocos_metros_del_puerto_de_Bridgetown.jpg|alt=A small house prominently coloured in red, green, and orange|thumb|Gidan iyayen Rihanna a Bridgetown, kawai 'yan mita daga tashar jiragen ruwa na birnin]] An haifi Robyn Rihanna Fenty a Saint Michael, Barbados, a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, 1988. {{Sfn|Weidhase|2024}}{{Sfn|Perricone|2025}}Ita 'yar Monica ce (née Braithwaite), mai lissafin kuɗi na Afro-Guyanese, da Ronald Fenty, mai kula da ɗakin ajiya na Barbadian na Afirka, Irish, Ingilishi, da zuriyar Scotland.{{Sfn|LaBennett|2024}}{{Sfn|LaBennett|2024}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walker |first=Tim |date=October 31, 2011 |title=Rihanna: Out for Revenge |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/rihanna-out-revenge-2360129.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510063957/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/rihanna-out-revenge-2360129.html |archive-date=May 10, 2021 |access-date=March 28, 2021 |website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref>Rihanna tana da 'yan uwan biyu, Rorrey da Rajad Fenty, da kuma' yan uwanta mata biyu da ɗan'uwanta daga dangantakar mahaifinta ta baya.{{Sfn|Perricone|2025}}{{Sfn|Heatley|Betts|2012}}Ta girma ne a cikin wani bungalow mai dakuna uku a Bridgetown kuma ta taimaka wa mahaifinta sayar da tufafi a wani kantin sayar da titi.{{Sfn|Novic|2019}}<ref name="n403">{{Cite web |last=Simpson |first=Leah |date=March 27, 2022 |title=Inside Rihanna and A$AP Rocky's Rags-to-Riches Family Life |url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/celebrity/article/3171872/rihanna-and-aap-rockys-rags-riches-family-life-fenty |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250722041237/https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/celebrity/article/3171872/rihanna-and-aap-rockys-rags-riches-family-life-fenty |archive-date=July 22, 2025 |access-date=June 22, 2025 |website=[[South China Morning Post]]}}</ref>Yayinda take yarinya ta shafar maye da jarabawar cocaine ta mahaifinta, wanda ya lalata auren iyayenta. <ref name="o839">{{Cite web |last=Cochrane |first=Kira |date=November 21, 2009 |title=Rihanna: 'That's a Part of My Life I Want to Throw Away' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/nov/21/rihanna-interview |access-date=June 22, 2025 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref name="l893">{{Cite web |last=Pawa |first=Vandana |date=February 12, 2024 |title=All About Rihanna's Parents, Ronald Fenty and Monica Braithwaite |url=https://people.com/all-about-rihanna-parents-7495701 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616010227/https://people.com/all-about-rihanna-parents-7495701 |archive-date=June 16, 2025 |access-date=June 22, 2025 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref><ref name="j079">{{Cite web |last=Savage |first=Mark |date=September 8, 2021 |title=Rihanna Drops Legal Case Against Her Father |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-58491164 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610013748/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-58491164 |archive-date=June 10, 2025 |access-date=June 22, 2025 |publisher=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> Rihanna ta yi magana game da ganin mahaifinta ya wulakanta mahaifiyarta, yana bayyana ta a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mata mafi karfi da na sani, idan ba mafi karfi ba".{{Sfn|Muehlhoff|2010}}{{Sfn|Perricone|2025}} Yayinda take yarinya, Rihanna ta sha wahala daga ciwon kai mai tsanani wanda ke buƙatar [[CT scan|CT scans]] da yawa, tare da likitoci da ke zargin ciwon daji. Rashin lafiyarta ya fara ingantawa bayan iyayenta sun sake aure lokacin da take da shekaru 14.{{Sfn|Seabrook|2015}}Ta halarci makarantar firamare ta Charles F. Broome Memorial da Makarantar Combermere.{{Sfn|Herringshaw|2014}}{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}Ɗaya daga cikin malamanta ya bayyana ta a matsayin "ɗalibi mai halin kirki" wanda ya guje wa matsala.{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}Ta nuna sha'awar waka, rawa, da waka. A wannan lokacin, Rihanna ta fara sauraron masu fasahar reggae kamar Sizzla da Damien Marley, da kuma mawaƙa na R & B kamar [[Whitney Houston]] da [[Mariah Carey]].{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}{{Sfn|Tracy|2013}}A lokacin da take da shekaru 11, ta zama cadet a cikin Cadet Corps na Barbados, tare da mawaƙa na gaba Shontelle a matsayin sajan ta.{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}Kodayake da farko ta shirya kammala makarantar sakandare, daga ƙarshe ta fita tana da shekaru 16 don neman aikin kiɗa. === 2003-2006: Farawar aiki tare da Music of the Sun da A Girl Like Me''Yarinya Kamar Ni'' === A shekara ta 2003, Rihanna ta kafa ƙungiyar kiɗa guda uku tare da abokan aji biyu a Barbados.{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}Ba tare da sunansa ba kuma ba tare da kayan asali ba, [[Girl group|ƙungiyar 'yan mata]] ta saurara ga mai gabatar da Amurka Evan Rogers, wanda ya tuna cewa "minti Rihanna ta shiga cikin dakin, kamar sauran' yan mata biyu ba su wanzu ba". <ref name="j007">{{Cite web |date=December 14, 2016 |title=Andrew Lloyd Webber Claims He Discovered Rihanna on His Travels |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/dec/14/andrew-lloyd-webber-claims-he-discovered-rihanna-in-barbados |access-date=June 22, 2025 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}Wadannan uku sun ci gaba da yin murfin Destiny's Child's "Emotion".{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}{{Sfn|Heatley|Betts|2012}}Da yake sha'awar, Rogers ya shirya ganawa ta biyu tare da Rihanna da mahaifiyarta - a wannan lokacin ba tare da sauran 'yan mata biyu ba - kuma daga baya ya gayyace su zuwa garinsu a [[Connecticut]] don yin rikodin kaset don gabatarwar lakabin rikodin.<ref name="p858">{{Cite web |last=Patterson |first=Sylvia |date=August 25, 2007 |title=Singing in the Rain: An Exclusive Interview with Rihanna |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2007/aug/26/popandrock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208170722/http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2007/aug/26/popandrock |archive-date=February 8, 2012 |access-date=June 22, 2025 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref>{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}Rihanna ta demo tape ya hada da "Pon de Replay" da "The Last Time".{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}{{Sfn|Heatley|Betts|2012}}A shekara ta 2005, ta zama mai zane na farko da ya sanya hannu tare da Syndicated Rhythm Productions, kamfanin samarwa wanda Rogers da Carl Sturken suka kafa.<ref name="p858" />{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}} An aika demo din Rihanna ga rapper [[Jay-Z]], wanda ya zama shugaban kasa da Shugaba na lakabin rikodin Def Jam Recordings . <ref name="z330">{{Cite web |last=Taylor |first=Amina |date=November 25, 2005 |title=Amina Taylor Meets Singer Rihanna |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2005/nov/25/popandrock2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001200047/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2005/nov/25/popandrock2 |archive-date=October 1, 2013 |access-date=June 22, 2025 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> {{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}Kodayake Jay-Z da farko ya yi tunanin "Pon de Replay" ya yi yawa ga sabon mai zane, ya gayyace ta zuwa sauraro. A farkon shekara ta 2005, ta yi a Birnin New York don Jay-Z da kuma mai kula da kiɗa Antonio "L.A." Reid, tana raira waƙoƙin Whitney Houston "For the Love of You" tare da waƙoƙi na demo "Pon de Replay" da "The Last Time".<ref name="p858" /><ref name="z173">{{Cite web |last=Cragg |first=Michael |date=June 28, 2017 |title=Rihanna – 10 of the Best |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2017/jun/28/rihanna-10-of-the-best |access-date=June 22, 2025 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Jay-Z ta gamsu da iyawarta, kuma Reid ya gaya masa kada ya bar ta barin ginin ba tare da yarjejeniya ba.<ref name="Jay-ZPicks">{{Cite web |last=Reid |first=Shaheem |date=2007 |title=Jay-Z's Picks: Teairra Mari, Rihanna, Ne-Yo |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/yhif/jayz_picks/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830053302/http://www.mtv.com/news/yhif/jayz_picks/ |archive-date=August 30, 2011 |access-date=September 24, 2011 |publisher=[[MTV News]]}}</ref> Ta jira a ofishin Jay-Z yayin da lauyoyi suka kammala kwangilar kundi shida tare da Def Jam. Rihanna ta soke taron da aka shirya tare da wasu lakabi kuma, jim kadan bayan ta cika shekaru 16, ta ƙaura daga Barbados zuwa Amurka. A can, ta kammala karatun sakandare tare da malami.<ref name="y117">{{Cite web |last=Gracie |first=Bianca |date=May 28, 2020 |title=An Oral History of Rihanna's Debut Song, 'Pon de Replay' |url=https://www.vulture.com/2020/05/rihanna-pon-de-replay-oral-history.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250710013021/https://www.vulture.com/2020/05/rihanna-pon-de-replay-oral-history.html |archive-date=July 10, 2025 |access-date=June 22, 2025 |website=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]}}</ref>{{Sfn|Tracy|2013}} [[File:RihannaJingle_Ball_cropped.jpg|alt=Rihanna, in her late teens, facing the other way of the camera under a red light|left|thumb|Rihanna tana yin wasan kwaikwayo a KIIS-FM Jingle Ball a shekara ta 2005]] Bayan Rihanna ta sanya hannu tare da Def Jam, Jay-Z da tawagarsa sun kwashe watanni uku suna kammala kundi na farko.{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}{{Sfn|Heatley|Betts|2012}}Ta yi aiki tare da masu samarwa daban-daban, da farko Rogers da Sturken.{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}An zaɓi "Pon de Replay" a matsayin jagora saboda roƙon lokacin rani.{{Sfn|Govan|2011}}An saki waƙar a ranar 25 ga Mayu, 2005, kuma ta zama nasarar kasuwanci, ta kai lamba ta biyu a duka US <nowiki><i id="mwAWw">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100 da UK Singles Chart. {{Sfn|Heatley|Betts|2012}}An saki kundi na farko na studio, Music of the Sun, a ranar 29 ga watan Agusta, 2005. Ya fara ne a lamba goma a kan US <nowiki><i id="mwAXk">Billboard</i></nowiki> 200 tare da tallace-tallace na mako na farko na raka'a 69,000.{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}{{Sfn|Heatley|Betts|2012}}Waƙarsa ta biyu, "If It's Lovin' That You Want", ta kai lamba 36 a Amurka.<ref name="z214">{{Cite web |last=Breihan |first=Tom |date=February 1, 2023 |title=The Number Ones: Rihanna's 'SOS' |url=https://www.stereogum.com/2211667/the-number-ones-rihannas-sos/columns/the-number-ones/ |access-date=June 22, 2025 |website=[[Stereogum]]}}</ref> Rihanna ta fara yin wasan kwaikwayo tare da cameo a cikin fim din kai tsaye zuwa DVD Bring It On: All or Nothing (2006), inda ta nuna kanta.{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}} Ba da daɗewa ba bayan da ta saki Music of the Sun, Rihanna ta fara aiki a kan kundi na biyu a watan Satumbar 2005.{{Sfn|Heatley|Betts|2012}}An kira shi A Girl Like Me, an saki rikodin a ranar 25 ga Afrilu, 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Trevor |date=September 26, 2022 |title=Here's Every Rihanna Song to Go Platinum so Far |url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/65388-heres-every-rihanna-song-to-go-platinum-news |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251002060948/https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/65388-heres-every-rihanna-song-to-go-platinum-news |archive-date=October 2, 2025 |access-date=June 23, 2025 |website=[[HotNewHipHop]]}}</ref>{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}Kundin pop da reggae, <ref name="SanMiguel">{{Cite journal |last=SanMiguel |first=Celia |date=June 2006 |title=Review: ''A Girl like Me'' |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6CYEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA160 |url-status=dead |journal=[[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]] |page=160 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170408034539/https://books.google.com/books?id=6CYEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA160 |archive-date=April 8, 2017 |quote=a pop album, one informed but not bounded by Rihanna's Caribbean roots}}</ref> A Girl Like Me ya kai lamba biyar a kan jadawalin ''Billboard'' 200, tare da kofe 115,000 da aka sayar a Amurka a cikin makon farko. {{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}Ya zama kundi na farko na platinum sau biyu na RIAA, wanda ya wuce miliyan daya da aka sayar. Ya haifar da waƙoƙi huɗu: "SOS", "Unfaithful", "We Ride", da kuma "Break It Off". "SOS" ya zama waƙarta ta farko da ta kai lamba ɗaya a kan ''Billboard'' Hot 100, yayin da "Unfaithful" ya kai saman goma na sigogi a duk duniya.{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}{{Sfn|Heatley|Betts|2012}}{{Sfn|Heatley|Betts|2012}}Don inganta duka A Girl Like Me da Music of the Sun, Rihanna ta fara rangadin kide-kide na farko, mai taken Rihanna: Live in Concert Tour, a cikin shekara ta 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moss |first=Corey |date=July 6, 2006 |title=Rihanna Lets Fans Be Her Guide, Selects Summer Jam 'We Ride' as Next Single: Singer on First Headlining Tour Through Early August |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1535606/20060705/rihanna.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070214131234/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1535606/20060705/rihanna.jhtml |archive-date=February 14, 2007 |access-date=February 26, 2010 |publisher=[[MTV News]]}}</ref> === 2007-2008: Yarinya mai kyau ta tafi mummunan''Yarinya Mai Kyau ta Fito'' === [[File:Rihanna-brisbane.jpg|alt=Rihanna with a bob cut performing in into a microphone on a stage|thumb|Rihanna tana yin wasan kwaikwayo a Good Girl Gone Bad Tour a shekara ta 2008]] A farkon shekara ta 2007, Rihanna ta fara yin rikodin kundi na uku. Da yake da niyyar watsar da hotonta na yarinya mai ƙofar kusa don tallafawa mutum mai girma da tawaye, ta yi aiki tare da masu samar da su kamar Ne-Yo, Timbaland, [[Justin Timberlake]], da Tricky Stewart don kundin.{{Sfn|Heatley|Betts|2012}}{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}{{Sfn|Heatley|Betts|2012}}Sakamakon kundin, Good Girl Gone Bad, an sake shi a ranar 31 ga Mayu, 2007, zuwa yabo mai mahimmanci.<ref name="pandr">{{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=Peter |date=June 16, 2007 |title=Review: ''Good Girl Gone Bad'' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2007/jun/17/popandrock.shopping |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325192438/http://www.theguardian.com/music/2007/jun/17/popandrock.shopping |archive-date=March 25, 2014 |access-date=November 14, 2015 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref name="h093">{{Cite web |date=June 5, 2007 |title=''Good Girl Gone Bad'' by Rihanna |url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/good-girl-gone-bad/rihanna |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090602134202/http://www.metacritic.com/music/artists/rihanna/goodgirlgonebad |archive-date=June 2, 2009 |access-date=June 23, 2025 |publisher=[[Metacritic]]}}</ref> An dauke shi a matsayin canji a cikin aikinta, ya nuna canji daga sautin Caribbean na aikinta na baya, yana rungumar jagorancin zamani wanda ya haifar da waƙoƙin rawa na uptempo.{{Sfn|Govan|2011}}{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}{{Sfn|Heatley|Betts|2012}}Kundin ya fara ne a lamba ta biyu a kan ''Billboard'' 200, yana sayar da kwafin 162,000 a cikin makon farko.{{Sfn|Heatley|Betts|2012}} Jagoran jagora daga Good Girl Gone Bad shine "Umbrella", tare da Jay-Z. Ya hau kan sigogi a yankuna da yawa, yana ciyar da makonni goma da bakwai a jere a lamba daya a kan UK Singles Chart da ''Billboard'' Hot 100, bi da bi.{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}{{Sfn|Heatley|Betts|2012}}Waƙoƙin da suka biyo baya, "Shut Up and Drive" da "Hate That I Love You", sun kai lamba goma sha biyar da bakwai a kan ''Billboard'' Hot 100, bi da bi, yayin da kundi na huɗu, "Don't Stop the Music", ya kai lamba uku.{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}Don tallafawa kundin, Rihanna ta fara rangadin duniya na Good Girl Gone Bad a watan Satumbar 2007, inda ta yi kide-kide 80 a fadin nahiyoyi biyar.{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}{{Sfn|Heatley|Betts|2012}}A Grammy Awards na 50, ta sami gabatarwa da yawa don Good Girl Gone Bad kuma ta lashe Kyautar Grammy don Mafi Kyawun Rap / Song Haɗin gwiwa don "Umbrella" tare da Jay-Z.{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}A ƙarshen shekara ta 2008, ta fito da "Rehab", na biyar kuma na ƙarshe daga Good Girl Gone Bad; ya kai saman a cikin manyan sigogi 20 a duka Amurka da Burtaniya.{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}Bayan sayar da kwafin miliyan tara har zuwa 2023, Good Girl Gone Bad shine kundin da aka fi sayarwa a duk duniya.<ref name="x012">{{Cite web |last=Banks |first=Axl |date=November 8, 2023 |title=What Is Rihanna's Best-Selling Album? |url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/732899-rihanna-best-selling-album-good-girl-gone-bad |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250518074114/https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/732899-rihanna-best-selling-album-good-girl-gone-bad |archive-date=May 18, 2025 |access-date=June 22, 2025 |website=[[HotNewHipHop]]}}</ref>{{Spaces}} Entertainment Weekly mai suna Rihanna "Diva of the Year" a cikin 2008, yana yabon ta "sabon ikon zama". A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2008, Rihanna ta shiga [[Kanye West]] a matsayin mai tallafawa a kan Glow in the Dark Tour . An sake fitar da Good Girl Gone Bad, mai taken Reloaded, a ranar 2 ga Yuni; sayar da kwafin 63,000 a cikin makon farko, ya taimaka wa kundin asali ya tashi zuwa lamba bakwai a Amurka. {{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}{{Sfn|Heatley|Betts|2012}}Sake caji ya haifar da sabbin waƙoƙi huɗu, biyu daga cikinsu - "Disturbia" da "Take a Bow" - sun hau kan ''Billboard'' Hot 100.{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}Ba da daɗewa ba bayan da aka saki Reloaded, ta ba da Good Girl Gone Bad Live, wani shirin DVD wanda ke nuna wasan kwaikwayo na Rihanna na Disamba 2007 a [[Manchester Arena]].{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}A shekara ta 2008, ta sanar da dangantakarta ta soyayya da mawaƙa [[Chris Brown]] kuma ta hau kan Hot 100 na makonni shida tare da fasalin waƙar rapper TI "Live Your Life".<ref name="c550">{{Cite web |last=Goldberg |first=Stephanie |date=February 8, 2013 |title=Rihanna and Chris Brown's relationship through the years |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/02/08/showbiz/celebrity-news-gossip/rihanna-chris-brown-through-the-years |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513150504/https://edition.cnn.com/2013/02/08/showbiz/celebrity-news-gossip/rihanna-chris-brown-through-the-years |archive-date=May 13, 2025 |access-date=July 15, 2025 |publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref>{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}} === 2009-2011: Shari'ar tashin hankali a cikin gida, Rated R, da Loud''Da ƙarfi'' === [[File:Rihanna_2010_cropped.jpg|alt=Rihanna, her right hand holding and performing into a microphone, with her left pointing at someone in the crowd|right|thumb|Rihanna tana yin wasan kwaikwayo a Last Girl on Earth yawon shakatawa a cikin 2010]] A ranar 8 ga Fabrairu, 2009, an tilasta wa Rihanna soke aikin da ta shirya a 51st Annual Grammy Awards biyo bayan rahotanni cewa Brown ya yi mata hari.{{Sfn|Heatley|Betts|2012}}Daga baya ya mika kansa ga hukumomi kuma an tsare shi bisa zargin yin barazanar aikata laifuka. A ranar 5 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 2009, an tuhume shi da kai hari da yin barazanar aikata laifuka.<ref name="n230">{{Cite web |date=February 14, 2009 |title=Chris Brown's father says singer 'remorseful' |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-02-14/chris-browns-father-says-singer-remorseful/296306 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030030108/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-02-14/chris-browns-father-says-singer-remorseful/296306 |archive-date=October 30, 2016 |access-date=July 15, 2025 |publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]}}</ref>{{Sfn|Heatley|Betts|2012}}Wannan shari'ar ta jawo hankalin kafofin watsa labarai, musamman bayan TMZ ta buga hoton 'yan sanda da ya ɓace wanda ke nuna Rihanna tare da raunin da ake gani. An kira Rihanna don yin shaida a wani sauraro na farko a Los Angeles a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2009. Lamarin da sakamakonsa sun rinjayi ta a fannin fasaha, wanda ya sa ta fara aiki a kan kundi na huɗu na studio, mai taken Rated R, wata daya bayan Grammy Awards.{{Sfn|Heatley|Betts|2012}}An sake shi a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, Rated R ya nuna canji daga sauti mai kyau na kundin Rihanna na baya, yana rungumar sautin duhu, mai zurfi tare da tasirin dutse. <ref name="MichDaily">{{Cite web |last=Resende |first=Sasha |date=November 22, 2009 |title=Rihanna turns dark on ''Rated R'' |url=https://www.michigandaily.com/uncategorized/rihanna-review/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128205713/https://www.michigandaily.com/uncategorized/rihanna-review/ |archive-date=January 28, 2025 |access-date=July 15, 2025 |website=[[The Michigan Daily]]}}</ref>{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}} Kundin ya fara ne a lamba ta huɗu a kan jadawalin ''Billboard'' 200 kuma ya sayar da kwafin 181,000 a cikin makon farko.{{Sfn|Heatley|Betts|2012}}Ɗaya daga cikin "Rude Boy" ya kai saman Hot 100 na makonni shida, yayin da "Russian Roulette" da "Hard" dukansu sun kai saman goma.{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}Rihanna ta shiga cikin dangantaka ta kan-sake, tare da rapper na Kanada [[Drake]] a cikin 2009 kuma, don tallafawa Rated R, ta fara rangadin Last Girl on Earth daga 2010 zuwa 2011.<ref name="h937">{{Cite web |date=February 9, 2011 |title=Rihanna's Last Girl On Earth tour |url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/music/rihannas-last-girl-on-earth-tour-20101216-18z2y.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215010030/http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/music/rihannas-last-girl-on-earth-tour-20101216-18z2y.html |archive-date=February 15, 2011 |access-date=October 13, 2025 |website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]}}</ref> [[File:Rihanna_-_The_Loud_Tour_-_30_(6790388762).jpg|alt=Rihanna, with curly hair, performing on stage into a microphone|left|thumb|Rihanna tana yin wasan kwaikwayo a Loud Tour a 2011]] A watan Yunin 2010, Rihanna ta yi aiki tare da rapper Eminem a kan wakar "Love the Way You Lie". Ya hau kan ''Billboard'' Hot 100 na makonni bakwai a jere kuma ya kai lamba ta biyu a Burtaniya; shi ne kuma Waƙar da aka fi sayarwa a shekarar 2010.{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}A watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar, Rihanna ta sauya gudanarwa, ta sanya hannu tare da Jay-Z's Roc Nation . Ta koma ga sautin da ya fi dacewa tare da kundi na biyar, Loud, wanda aka saki a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 2010.{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}Rubuce-rubucen rawa-pop, Loud ya fara ne a lamba uku a Amurka tare da tallace-tallace na mako na farko na 207,000 . {{Sfn|Oliver|2011}} Ya haifar da waƙoƙi guda uku na ''Billboard'' Hot 100: "Kawai Girl (A Duniya) ", "Menene Sunan Na?" tare da Drake, da "S & M", wanda ya hau kan ginshiƙi bayan fitowar remix tare da [[Britney Spears]] . Rihanna ta zama mafi ƙanƙanta kuma mafi saurin mai zane-zane a tarihin ''Billboard'' Hot 100 don tarawa goma na farko. <ref name="y440">{{Cite web |last=Tehomilic |first=Tommy |date=April 21, 2011 |title=Rihanna earns 10th No. 1 on Billboard Hot 100 |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/rihanna-earns-10th-no-1-on-billboard-hot-100/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602205951/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/rihanna-earns-10th-no-1-on-billboard-hot-100/ |archive-date=June 2, 2024 |access-date=July 16, 2025 |publisher=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> A Grammy Awards na 53 a cikin 2011, "Kawai Yarinya (A Duniya) " ta lashe Kyautar Rubuce-rubuce Mafi Kyawu. <ref name="x529">{{Cite web |last=Fresh |first=Mikey |date=February 14, 2011 |title=Grammy Recap: Stargate Talks Rihanna's 'Only Girl (In The World)' Winning 'Best Dance Recording' |url=https://www.vibe.com/music/music-news/grammy-recap-stargate-talks-rihannas-only-girl-world-winning-best-dance-recording-59150/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112174338/https://www.vibe.com/music/music-news/grammy-recap-stargate-talks-rihannas-only-girl-world-winning-best-dance-recording-59150/ |archive-date=November 12, 2022 |access-date=July 16, 2025 |website=[[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]]}}</ref> Waƙoƙin "Man Down", "California King Bed", da "Cheers (Drink to That) " an sake su a matsayin mutane daga Loud a cikin 2011.<ref name="i594">{{Cite web |last=Copsey |first=Robert |date=March 12, 2011 |title=Rihanna announces next single |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/music/a308595/rihanna-announces-next-single/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110414145352/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a308595/rihanna-announces-next-single.html |archive-date=April 14, 2011 |access-date=July 16, 2025 |publisher=[[Digital Spy]]}}</ref>{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}Don tallafawa kundin, Rihanna ta kaddamar da Loud Tour a watan Yunin 2011, wanda ya hada da rikodin rikodin rikodi goma da aka sayar a The O2 Arena a London - mafi yawan mata masu zane a tarihin wurin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 15, 2012 |title=Rihanna Breaks O2 Arena Record with Final Loud Tour Gig |url=http://www.capitalfm.com/artists/rihanna/news/o2-arena-record/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122134155/http://www.capitalfm.com/artists/rihanna/news/o2-arena-record/ |archive-date=November 22, 2012 |access-date=December 22, 2011 |publisher=[[Capital (radio network)|Capital FM]]}}</ref> Wannan yawon shakatawa ya tara dala miliyan 90, yana mai da shi daya daga cikin yawon shakata mafi girma a duk duniya a wannan shekarar.<ref name="l046">{{Cite web |date=December 29, 2011 |title=Rihanna's Loud Tour Grosses $90 Million |url=https://www.rap-up.com/article/2011/12/29/rihannas-loud-tour-grosses-90-million |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250617010026/https://www.rap-up.com/article/2011/12/29/rihannas-loud-tour-grosses-90-million |archive-date=June 17, 2025 |access-date=July 16, 2025 |website=[[Rap-Up]]}}</ref> {{Spaces}}Har ila yau, a cikin 2011, ta fito a cikin wasu waƙoƙin masu fasaha guda uku: West's "All of the Lights" daga My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy (2010), [[Nicki Minaj]]'s "Fly" daga kundi na farko Pink Friday (2010), da David Guetta's "Who's That Chick?" daga One More Love (2010).<ref name="f210">{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Harley |date=August 23, 2015 |title=Kanye West and Rihanna Perform 'FourFiveSeconds', 'All of the Lights' at FYF Fest |url=https://www.spin.com/2015/08/kanye-west-rihanna-four-five-seconds-all-of-the-lights-fyf-fest-watch/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201033510/https://www.spin.com/2015/08/kanye-west-rihanna-four-five-seconds-all-of-the-lights-fyf-fest-watch/ |archive-date=December 1, 2023 |access-date=July 16, 2025 |website=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]}}</ref><ref name="i713">{{Cite web |date=January 13, 2011 |title=Nicki Minaj Says She and Rihanna Would Be a 'Crazy Power Couple' |url=https://www.rap-up.com/article/2011/01/13/nicki-minaj-says-she-and-rihanna-would-be-a-crazy-power-couple |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119192439/https://www.rap-up.com/article/2011/01/13/nicki-minaj-says-she-and-rihanna-would-be-a-crazy-power-couple |archive-date=January 19, 2025 |access-date=July 16, 2025 |website=[[Rap-Up]]}}</ref>{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}} === 2011-2013: Magana da Wannan Magana da Unapologetic''Ba tare da neman gafara ba'' === Rihanna ta yi niyyar bincika jigogi masu nuna jima'i a cikin kundi na shida na studio, Talk That Talk, <ref name="l163">{{Cite web |last=Ferrier |first=Morwenna |date=November 20, 2011 |title=Rihanna: ''Talk That Talk'' – review |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/nov/20/rihanna-talk-that-talk-review |access-date=July 16, 2025 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> <ref name="s352">{{Cite web |last=Zoladz |first=Lindsay |date=November 23, 2011 |title=Rihanna: ''Talk That Talk'' |url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/16072-rihanna-talk-that-talk/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112173718/http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/16072-rihanna-talk-that-talk/ |archive-date=November 12, 2013 |access-date=July 16, 2025 |website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]}}</ref> wanda aka saki a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, 2011.<ref name="e115" /> Kundin pop da R & B, <ref name="s352" /> <ref name="e115">{{Cite web |last=Ford |first=Rebecca |date=April 30, 2012 |title=Rihanna Debuts Music Video for 'Where Have You Been' (Video) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/music-news/rihanna-where-have-you-been-video-318033/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240412164738/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/music-news/rihanna-where-have-you-been-video-318033/ |archive-date=April 12, 2024 |access-date=July 16, 2025 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> Talk That Talk ya buɗe a lamba ta uku a kan US ''Billboard'' 200 tare da tallace-tallace na mako na farko na 198,000, [3] yayin da yake farawa a saman UK Albums Chart tare da raka'a 163,000 da aka sayar.<ref name="h364">{{Cite web |last=Sherwin |first=Adam |date=August 13, 2012 |title=Album sales fall to new low as Rihanna tops UK chart despite selling less than 10,000 copies of ''Talk That Talk'' |url=https://www.the-independent.com/arts-entertainment/music/news/album-sales-fall-to-new-low-as-rihanna-tops-uk-chart-despite-selling-less-than-10-000-copies-of-talk-that-talk-8038553.html |access-date=July 16, 2025 |website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> Kundin da ya jagoranci, "Mun sami Ƙauna", ya zama babban taswirar duniya.<ref name="k330">{{Cite web |last=Breihan |first=Tom |date=November 20, 2023 |title=The Number Ones: Rihanna's 'We Found Love' (Feat. Calvin Harris) |url=https://www.stereogum.com/2242171/the-number-ones-rihannas-we-found-love-feat-calvin-harris/columns/the-number-ones/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250725060431/https://www.stereogum.com/2242171/the-number-ones-rihannas-we-found-love-feat-calvin-harris/columns/the-number-ones/ |archive-date=July 25, 2025 |access-date=July 16, 2025 |website=[[Stereogum]]}}</ref> Ya shafe makonni goma da ba a jere ba a lamba daya a kan ''Billboard'' Hot 100, yana mai da shi duka Rihanna mafi tsawo da kuma mafi tsawo a lamba daya song a Amurka a 2011. Kundin ya haifar da wasu waƙoƙi guda uku: "You da One", "Talk That Talk", da "Where Have You Been". "Where Have You Been" ya kai lamba biyar a Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaufman |first=Gil |date=April 29, 2016 |title=Rihanna and Calvin Harris Release 'This Is What You Came For' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/music-news/listen-rihanna-calvin-harris-song-888801/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203020636/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/music-news/listen-rihanna-calvin-harris-song-888801/ |archive-date=December 3, 2022 |access-date=July 16, 2025 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> [[File:Rihanna_Diamonds_World_Tour_2013_(Cropped).png|alt=Rihanna on stage, wearing a red crop top and long dress, singing into a microphone on stage|right|thumb|Rihanna tana yin wasan kwaikwayo a Diamonds World Tour a 2013]] A farkon shekara ta 2012, Rihanna ta bayyana a Coldplay's "Princess of China" da Drake's "Take Care". <ref name="u999">{{Cite web |last=Goble |first=Corban |date=June 3, 2012 |title=Coldplay – 'Princess Of China' (Feat. Rihanna) Video |url=https://www.stereogum.com/1051722/coldplay-princess-of-china-feat-rihanna-video/news/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130075409/https://www.stereogum.com/1051722/coldplay-princess-of-china-feat-rihanna-video/news/ |archive-date=November 30, 2022 |access-date=July 16, 2025 |website=[[Stereogum]]}}</ref> <ref name="x884">{{Cite web |last=Powers |first=Ann |author-link=Ann Powers |date=November 8, 2011 |title=Follow The Sample: Drake's 'Take Care' Comes From The Blues |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/therecord/2011/11/07/142105010/follow-the-sample-drakes-take-care-comes-from-the-blues |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150425003515/http://www.npr.org/blogs/therecord/2011/11/07/142105010/follow-the-sample-drakes-take-care-comes-from-the-blues |archive-date=April 25, 2015 |access-date=July 16, 2025 |publisher=[[NPR]]}}</ref> A wannan watan Fabrairu, ta lashe kyautar Grammy don Mafi kyawun Rap / Song Haɗin gwiwa don "All of the Lights" tare da West, kuma an kira ta Mafi kyawun Mata na Duniya a Brit Awards na shekara ta biyu a jere. <ref name="x499">{{Cite web |date=February 12, 2012 |title=Grammy Awards 2012: Complete Winners and Nominees List |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/music-news/grammy-awards-2012-winners-whitney-houston-death-adele-289778/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928113259/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/music-news/grammy-awards-2012-winners-whitney-houston-death-adele-289778/ |archive-date=September 28, 2021 |access-date=July 16, 2025 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref><ref name="z651">{{Cite web |last=Rogers |first=Simon |date=February 22, 2012 |title=Brit awards winners list 2012: every winner since 1977 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2012/feb/22/brit-awards-winners-list-2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105143310/http://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2012/feb/22/brit-awards-winners-list-2012 |archive-date=January 5, 2016 |access-date=July 16, 2025 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> A watan Maris, Rihanna da Brown sun fitar da remixes guda biyu - waƙarta "Birthday Cake" da "Turn Up the Music" - waɗanda aka soki saboda tarihin su na tashin hankali na gida.<ref name="s567">{{Cite web |date=April 14, 2020 |title=Chris Brown, Rihanna Reunite on 'Birthday Cake,' 'Turn Up the Music' Remixes |url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/entertainment/2012/02/chris-brown-rihanna-reunite-on-birthday-cake-turn-up-the-music-remixes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616112111/https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/entertainment/2012/02/chris-brown-rihanna-reunite-on-birthday-cake-turn-up-the-music-remixes |archive-date=June 16, 2025 |access-date=July 16, 2025 |publisher=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> A watan Satumbar 2012, bidiyon kiɗa na "Mun sami Ƙauna" ya lashe Bidiyo na Shekara a MTV Video Music Awards, yana mai da Rihanna mace ta farko da ta karɓi girmamawa fiye da sau ɗaya.<ref name="p766">{{Cite web |date=September 7, 2012 |title=Rihanna wins MTV VMA award for Belfast video We Found Love |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/19516519 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250919023450/https://www.bbc.com/news/19516519 |archive-date=September 19, 2025 |access-date=July 16, 2025 |publisher=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref name="2012 VMA">{{Cite web |date=September 6, 2012 |title=Rihanna, One Direction Top Vmas |url=http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/awards/rihanna-one-direction-top-vmas-022745243.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911032420/http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/awards/rihanna-one-direction-top-vmas-022745243.html |archive-date=September 11, 2012 |access-date=September 7, 2012 |publisher=[[Yahoo! News]]}}</ref> Daga baya ya lashe kyautar Grammy don Mafi kyawun Short Form Music Video a shekarar 2013. An saki kundi na bakwai na Rihanna, mai taken Unapologetic, a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba, 2012. <ref name="m564">{{Cite web |last=Renshaw |first=David |date=November 19, 2012 |title=This week's new music releases: November 19, 2012 |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/rihanna-160-1261261 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250919163028/https://www.nme.com/news/music/rihanna-160-1261261 |archive-date=September 19, 2025 |access-date=July 18, 2025 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> Rubuce-rubucen synth-pop tare da EDM da abubuwan hip-hop, <ref name="x501">{{Cite web |last=Hopper |first=Jessica |date=September 10, 2013 |title=Rihanna: ''Unapologetic'' |url=http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/17369-unapologetic/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011130105/http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/17369-unapologetic/ |archive-date=October 11, 2013 |access-date=July 16, 2025 |website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]}}</ref> Unapologetic ya fara ne a lamba daya a kan ''Billboard'' 200 tare da tallace-tallace na mako na farko na kwafin 238,000, ya zama kundi na farko na Rihanna a Amurka. Kundin kundin, "Diamonds", ya hau kan US ''Billboard'' Hot 100, ya zama waƙar Rihanna ta goma sha biyu a kan ginshiƙi. Kundin na biyu, "Stay", ya kai lamba uku a Amurka. Don inganta kundin, Rihanna ta fara rangadin 777, ta yi wasanni bakwai a kasashe bakwai a cikin kwanaki bakwai. Wani shirin fim game da yawon shakatawa ya fito a kan [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2013, sannan aka saki wani DVD a washegari - bidiyon ta na uku mai tsawo. A watan Janairun 2013, Rihanna da Brown sun sake farfado da dangantakarsu, kodayake ya kasance a karkashin gwaji don shari'ar tashin hankali ta cikin gida ta 2009. Su biyu sun rabu kusan watanni huɗu bayan haka. Rihanna ta fara fitowa a fim din a matsayin Petty Officer Cora Raikes a cikin Battleship (2012).{{Sfn|Heatley|Betts|2012}}An yi wahayi zuwa gare ta wasan kwamitin na wannan sunan, Battleship ya sami ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa, kodayake Neil Genzlinger, yana rubutawa ga The New York Times, ya ce tana da "kyakkyawan rawar da take takawa. "<ref name="q235">{{Cite web |last=Godfrey |first=Alex |date=April 6, 2012 |title=''Battleship'': Is board game adaptation Hollywood's last roll of the dice? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2012/apr/07/battleship-hasbro-adaptation-rihanna |access-date=July 18, 2025 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref name="u485">{{Cite web |last=Schwarzbaum |first=Lisa |date=May 18, 2012 |title=''Battleship'' Reviews |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/battleship/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123161420/https://www.metacritic.com/movie/battleship/ |archive-date=January 23, 2025 |access-date=July 18, 2025 |publisher=[[Metacritic]]}}</ref><ref name="w089">{{Cite web |last=Genzlinger |first=Neil |date=May 17, 2012 |title=Aliens Fight Heroic Earthlings in ''Battleship'' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/18/movies/aliens-fight-heroic-earthlings-in-battleship.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915210742/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/18/movies/aliens-fight-heroic-earthlings-in-battleship.html |archive-date=September 15, 2018 |access-date=July 18, 2025 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> A wannan watan, Shafukan hukuma sun ba da rahoton cewa ta sayar da rikodin miliyan 3.87 a kasar a shekarar da ta gabata, inda ta sanya ta a matsayi na farko a cikin masu zane-zane na 2013 Brit Awards.<ref name="officialcharts.com">{{Cite web |date=February 20, 2013 |title=The BRIT Awards 2013: The Biggest Selling Nominees Revealed |url=http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/the-brit-awards-2013-the-real-winners-revealed-1869/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224025316/http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/the-brit-awards-2013-the-real-winners-revealed-1869/ |archive-date=February 24, 2013 |access-date=February 20, 2013 |publisher=[[Official Charts]]}}</ref> Ta biyar headlining yawon shakatawa, Diamonds World Tour, an kaddamar da shi a watan Maris na 2013 don tallafawa Unapologetic.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vena |first=Jocelyn |date=September 7, 2012 |title=Rihanna Unveils Diamonds Tour Dates After Big VMA Night |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1693402/rihanna-tour-dates-vma-2012/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120909225914/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1693402/rihanna-tour-dates-vma-2012.jhtml |archive-date=September 9, 2012 |access-date=January 31, 2022 |publisher=[[MTV News]]}}</ref> Rihanna ta yi cameo a cikin fim din wasan kwaikwayo This Is the End (2013), kuma daga baya ta yi aiki tare da rapper Wale a kan remix dinsa na "Bad". A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2013, ta hau kan duka ''Billboard'' Hot 100 da UK Singles Chart tare da fasalin waƙar Eminem "The Monster".<ref name="j531">{{Cite web |last=Molanphy |first=Chris |date=December 13, 2013 |title=Why Is Eminem's 'The Monster' No. 1 on the Charts? Because It's a Sequel. |url=https://slate.com/culture/2013/12/eminem-and-rihannas-the-monster-is-no-1-on-hot-100-why-its-a-sequel-video.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251002060609/https://slate.com/culture/2013/12/eminem-and-rihannas-the-monster-is-no-1-on-hot-100-why-its-a-sequel-video.html |archive-date=October 2, 2025 |access-date=July 18, 2025 |website=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]}}</ref><ref name="l431">{{Cite web |date=November 10, 2013 |title=Eminem lands seventh UK number one album |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-24891173 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251002060208/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-24891173 |archive-date=October 2, 2025 |access-date=July 18, 2025 |publisher=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> === 2014-2017: Fitarwa na tsaye da ''Anti'' === A cikin 2014, [[Shakira]] ta nuna Rihanna a kan waƙarta "Ba za a iya tunawa da ku ba". Bayan fitowar Unapologetic da yawon shakatawa da ya biyo baya, ta nuna sha'awar yin hutu daga rikodin, tana cewa tana son "shekara don yin duk abin da nake so a fasaha, da kirkira".<ref name="p678">{{Cite web |last=Aguirre |first=Abby |last2=Abby Aguirre |first2=Mert Alas |last3=Piggott |first3=Marcus |date=March 17, 2016 |title=It's Rihanna's World |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/rihanna-fenty-puma-anti-april-2016-cover |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250816103428/https://www.vogue.com/article/rihanna-fenty-puma-anti-april-2016-cover |archive-date=August 16, 2025 |access-date=July 18, 2025 |website=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]}}</ref> A wannan watan Mayu, ta rabu da Def Jam Recordings kuma ta sauya gaba ɗaya zuwa Roc Nation, lakabin da ke gudanar da aikinta tun Oktoba 2010.<ref name="s383">{{Cite web |last=Nostro |first=Lauren |date=May 5, 2014 |title=Rihanna Has Left Def Jam and Signed to Jay Z's Roc Nation... |url=https://www.complex.com/music/a/lauren-nostro/rihanna-roc-nation-management-label-deal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250225052307/https://www.complex.com/music/a/lauren-nostro/rihanna-roc-nation-management-label-deal |archive-date=February 25, 2025 |access-date=July 18, 2025 |website=[[Complex (magazine)|Complex]]}}</ref> Yayinda take aiki a kan kundi na takwas na studio, Rihanna ta saki waƙoƙin "FourFiveSeconds" (haɗin gwiwa tare da West da Paul McCartney), "Bitch Better Have My Money", da "American Oxygen"; babu wani daga cikin ukun da ya bayyana a jerin waƙoƙar karshe na kundin.<ref name="r521">{{Cite web |last=Kennedy |first=Gerrick D. |date=December 31, 2015 |title=Rihanna and Kanye, we need to hear more from you. Make it in 2016, please. |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/la-et-ms-music-comebacks-2016-20151231-story.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251002060508/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/la-et-ms-music-comebacks-2016-20151231-story.html |archive-date=October 2, 2025 |access-date=July 18, 2025 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref><ref name="k741">{{Cite web |date=January 28, 2016 |title=''Anti'' (Deluxe) by Rihanna on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/anti-deluxe/1440933869 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250725115514/https://music.apple.com/us/album/anti-deluxe/1440933869 |archive-date=July 25, 2025 |access-date=July 18, 2025 |publisher=[[Apple Music]] (US)}}</ref> A shekara ta 2015, ta fito tare da [[Jim Parsons]] da [[Jennifer Lopez]] a matsayin muryar Tip a cikin fim din Home . Rihanna kuma ta tsara kuma ta saki kundin ra'ayi a matsayin sauti.<ref name="s361">{{Cite web |last=Mokoena |first=Tshepo |date=February 27, 2014 |title=Rihanna to make concept album for DreamWorks animated film |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/feb/27/rihanna-concept-album-dreamworks-animated-film |access-date=July 18, 2025 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> [[File:Rihanna_-_Concert_for_Valor_in_Washington,_D.C._Nov._11,_2014_(face_cropped).jpg|alt=Rihanna performing on stage|left|thumb|Rihanna tana yin wasan kwaikwayo a Concert for Valor a shekarar 2014]] A ƙarshen 2015, Rihanna ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dala miliyan 25 tare da [[Samsung]] don inganta Layin samfurin Galaxy, tare da kamfanin kuma yana tallafawa ƙaddamar da kundi na takwas na studio, mai taken ''Anti'', da kuma yawon shakatawa.<ref name="z282">{{Cite web |last=Walker |first=Angus |date=October 29, 2015 |title=Rihanna Signs $25 Million Deal With Samsung |url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/461051-rihanna-signs-s25-million-deal-with-samsung-news |access-date=July 18, 2025 |website=[[HotNewHipHop]]}}</ref><ref name="v939">{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=Bryan Armen |date=March 14, 2016 |title=Rihanna Anti tour review – hit-packed victory lap with a dose of dancehall |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/mar/14/rihanna-anti-tour-review-hit-packed-victory-lap |access-date=July 18, 2025 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> An saki kundin ne kawai a kan sabis na yawo Tidal a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 2016. Tare da haɗuwa mai ban sha'awa na nau'o'i kamar pop, Dancehall, da psychedelic soul, ''Anti'' ya kai lamba ɗaya a kan ''Billboard'' 200, yana nuna rikodin taswirar ta biyu a Amurka. <ref name="g630">{{Cite web |last=McHenry |first=Jackson |date=March 20, 2016 |title=Rihanna's ''Anti'' Returns to No. 1 on the Billboard 200 Chart |url=https://www.vulture.com/2016/03/rihannas-anti-returns-to-no-1-on-the-charts.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160703130130/http://www.vulture.com/2016/03/rihannas-anti-returns-to-no-1-on-the-charts.html |archive-date=July 3, 2016 |access-date=July 18, 2025 |website=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]}}</ref> Jagoran, "Work", ya hau kan US ''Billboard'' Hot 100 na makonni tara, tare da na uku da na huɗu, "Ina Bukata Ni" da "Ƙaunar kan Brain", suna ƙaruwa a cikin manyan goma. An sanar da shi a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2015, an kaddamar da yawon shakatawa na Anti World a watan Maris na shekara ta 2016 don tallafawa kundin. <ref name="p734">{{Cite web |last=Robertson |first=Iyana |date=November 23, 2015 |title=Rihanna Is Taking The Weeknd, Big Sean And Travis Scott On Her #ANTIWorldTour |url=https://www.vibe.com/music/music-news/rihanna-anti-world-tour-388704/ |access-date=July 18, 2025 |website=[[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]]}}</ref> A cikin 2016, Rihanna ta bayyana a matsayin mai zane-zane a kan mutane da yawa: Calvin Harris's "This Is What You Came For"; Drake's "Too Good"; <ref name="i985">{{Cite web |last=Ramirez |first=Matthew |date=April 30, 2016 |title=Drake: 'Too Good' [ft. Rihanna] |url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/tracks/18229-drake-too-good-ft-rihanna/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202091804/https://pitchfork.com/reviews/tracks/18229-drake-too-good-ft-rihanna/ |archive-date=February 2, 2024 |access-date=July 18, 2025 |website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]}}</ref> da Mike Will Made It's "Nothing Is Promised". <ref name="b319">{{Cite web |last=Augustin |first=Camille |date=June 3, 2016 |title=Mike WiLL Made-It Unleashes Previous Rihanna Collaboration, 'Nothing Is Promised' |url=https://www.vibe.com/music/music-news/rihanna-mike-will-made-it-nothing-is-promised-425404/ |access-date=July 18, 2025 |website=[[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]]}}</ref> "Wannan shine abin da kuka zo" ya kasance nasarar kasuwanci, ya kai lamba ta biyu da uku a Burtaniya da Amurka, bi da bi.<ref name="k855" /><ref name="w419">{{Cite web |title=This Is What You Came For – Calvin Harris Ft. Rihanna |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/songs/calvin-harris-ft-rihanna-this-is-what-you-came-for/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250211234248/https://www.officialcharts.com/songs/calvin-harris-ft-rihanna-this-is-what-you-came-for/ |archive-date=February 11, 2025 |access-date=July 18, 2025 |publisher=[[Official Charts]]}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2016, Rihanna ta fitar da "Sledgehammer" a matsayin wani ɓangare na Star Trek Beyond (soundtrack)">sauti na fim don Star Trek Beyond . A watan Agusta, an girmama ta da lambar yabo ta Michael Jackson Video Vanguard a 2016 MTV Video Music Awards, inda ta yi jerin waƙoƙin da ta fi cin nasara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Geffen |first=Sasha |date=August 11, 2016 |title=Rihanna Is Your 2016 VMA Video Vanguard |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2910480/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-2016-vmas/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709040142/http://www.mtv.com/news/2910480/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-2016-vmas/ |archive-date=July 9, 2019 |access-date=August 16, 2016 |publisher=[[MTV News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bitette |first=Nicole |date=August 13, 2016 |title=Rihanna Is the Recipient of 2016 MTV Video Vanguard Award |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music/rihanna-recipient-2016-mtv-video-vanguard-award-article-1.2749890 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816201838/http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music/rihanna-recipient-2016-mtv-video-vanguard-award-article-1.2749890 |archive-date=August 16, 2016 |access-date=August 15, 2016 |website=[[New York Daily News]]}}</ref> A cikin 2017, ta kara hadin gwiwar ta, ta bayyana a kan [[DJ Khaled]]'s "Wild Thoughts" da Kendrick Lamar's "Loyalty".<ref name="h140">{{Cite web |last=Helman |first=Peter |date=June 16, 2017 |title=DJ Khaled – 'Wild Thoughts' (Feat. Rihanna & Bryson Tiller) Video |url=https://www.stereogum.com/1947210/dj-khaled-wild-thoughts-feat-rihanna-bryson-tiller-video/music/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814100718/https://www.stereogum.com/1947210/dj-khaled-wild-thoughts-feat-rihanna-bryson-tiller-video/music/ |archive-date=August 14, 2022 |access-date=July 18, 2025 |website=[[Stereogum]]}}</ref><ref name="s035">{{Cite web |last=Parham |first=Jason |date=April 18, 2017 |title=The Story Behind the Kendrick Lamar And Rihanna Collaboration 'Loyalty'. |url=https://www.thefader.com/2017/04/18/kendrick-lamar-rihanna-terrace-martin-loyalty-damn |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250716074842/http://www.thefader.com/2017/04/18/kendrick-lamar-rihanna-terrace-martin-loyalty-damn |archive-date=July 16, 2025 |access-date=July 18, 2025 |website=[[The Fader]]}}</ref> Tsohon ya kai lamba ta biyu a Amurka, yayin da na ƙarshe ya lashe ta da Lamar Kyautar Grammy don Mafi Kyawun Rap / Song Performance. A cikin 2017, Rihanna ta nuna Marion Crane a cikin rawar da ta faru a lokacin kakar wasa ta biyar da ta karshe ta Bates Motel; wasan kwaikwayon ya sadu da yabo mai yawa.<ref name="Reviews">{{Cite web |title=Bates Motel: Season 5 Reviews |url=https://www.metacritic.com/tv/bates-motel/season-5 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223080935/http://www.metacritic.com/tv/bates-motel/season-5 |archive-date=February 23, 2017 |access-date=February 25, 2017 |publisher=[[Metacritic]]}}</ref> A cikin fim din Luc Besson na kimiyya mai suna Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets (2017), ta taka rawar gani, mai ba da nishaɗi da kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo a cikin kulob din tashar sararin samaniya, tare da Dane DeHaan da Cara Delevingne . <ref name="x784">{{Cite web |last=Bradshaw |first=Peter |date=December 3, 2018 |title=''Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets'' review – Luc Besson's space oddity |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/aug/03/valerian-and-the-city-of-a-thousand-planets-review-luc-besson-cara-delevingne-dane-dehaan-rihanna |access-date=July 18, 2025 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref name="h357">{{Cite web |last=Yuan |first=Jada |date=July 12, 2017 |title=Rihanna Is in Maybe 5 Minutes of ''Valerian'' and They Are All Spectacular |url=https://www.vulture.com/2017/07/rihanna-is-in-maybe-five-minutes-of-valerian.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241123044009/https://www.vulture.com/2017/07/rihanna-is-in-maybe-five-minutes-of-valerian.html |archive-date=November 23, 2024 |access-date=July 18, 2025 |website=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]}}</ref><ref name="i360">{{Cite web |last=Sandberg |first=Patrik |date=July 12, 2017 |title=Rihanna's Cameo in ''Valerian'' Is Short but Magnificent |url=https://www.wmagazine.com/story/rihanna-valerian-movie-role |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124225511/https://www.wmagazine.com/story/rihanna-valerian-movie-role |archive-date=January 24, 2025 |access-date=July 18, 2025 |website=[[W (magazine)|W]]}}</ref> A wannan shekarar, Rihanna ta fara yin soyayya da ɗan kasuwa na Saudiyya Hassan Jameel; dangantakarsu ta ƙare a shekarar 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 1, 2018 |title=A Complete Timeline of Rihanna and Hassan Jameel's Romance |url=https://en.vogue.me/culture/rihanna-hassan-jameel-relationship/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010032732/https://en.vogue.me/culture/rihanna-hassan-jameel-relationship/ |archive-date=October 10, 2023 |access-date=May 4, 2018 |website=Vogue Arabia}}</ref><ref name="turning30">{{Cite web |last=Nnadi |first=Chioma |date=May 3, 2018 |title=Rihanna on Body Image, Turning 30, And Staying Real—no Matter What |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/rihanna-vogue-cover-june-issue-2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010032812/https://www.vogue.com/article/rihanna-vogue-cover-june-issue-2018 |archive-date=October 10, 2023 |access-date=May 4, 2018 |website=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Boucher |first=Ashley |date=January 22, 2020 |title=Rihanna and Billionaire Boyfriend Hassan Jameel Split After Nearly 3 Years of Dating |url=https://people.com/music/rihanna-and-billionaire-boyfriend-hassan-jameel-split/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321112803/https://people.com/music/rihanna-and-billionaire-boyfriend-hassan-jameel-split/ |archive-date=March 21, 2020 |access-date=January 25, 2020 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref> === 2018-yanzu: Hiatus, uwaye, da kuma Super Bowl LVII rabin lokaci show === [[File:Rihanna_visits_U.S._Embassy_in_Barbados_2024_(cropped).jpg|alt=Rihanna smiling|thumb|Rihanna ta ziyarci Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka a Barbados a 2024]] Rihanna ta kasance daga cikin 'yan mata da aka jefa a fim din Ocean's 8 (2018), wanda Gary Ross ya jagoranta. Fim din ya kasance babban nasarar ofishin jakadancin, yana samun dala miliyan 300 a duniya. Tare da [[Donald Glover]], ta fito a fim din Guava Island (2019), inda ta taka rawar soyayya ta halinsa.<ref name="z523">{{Cite web |last=Lockett |first=Dee |date=April 13, 2019 |title=Your Guide to Donald Glover and Rihanna's ''Guava Island'' Film |url=https://www.vulture.com/2019/04/donald-glover-and-rihanna-guava-island-explainer.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250331224621/https://www.vulture.com/2019/04/donald-glover-and-rihanna-guava-island-explainer.html |archive-date=March 31, 2025 |access-date=July 18, 2025 |website=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]}}</ref> A watan Satumbar 2019, an sanar da cewa ta sanya hannu tare da Sony / ATV Music Publishing. Rihanna ta bayyana a waƙar PartyNextDoor "Believe It" (2020). Dan Amurka mai suna ASAP Rocky ya tabbatar da cewa shi da Rihanna suna cikin dangantaka a watan Mayu na 2021; su biyu sun fara soyayya kusan shekara guda da ta gabata, jim kadan bayan ta rabu da Jameel. <ref name="k984">{{Cite web |last=Heran Mamo |first=Hannah Dailey |date=September 25, 2025 |title=A Timeline of A$AP Rocky & Rihanna's Relationship |url=https://www.billboard.com/photos/asap-rocky-rihanna-relationship-timeline-9575141/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251010145758/https://www.billboard.com/photos/asap-rocky-rihanna-relationship-timeline-9575141/ |archive-date=October 10, 2025 |access-date=November 3, 2025 |website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> Rihanna ta haifi ɗansu na farko a shekarar 2022.<ref name="x069">{{Cite web |last=Slater |first=Georgia |date=May 19, 2022 |title=Rihanna Welcomes First Baby with A$AP Rocky |url=https://people.com/parents/rihanna-welcomes-first-baby-with-asap-rocky/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520001512/https://people.com/parents/rihanna-welcomes-first-baby-with-asap-rocky/ |archive-date=May 20, 2022 |access-date=July 18, 2025 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref> Jagoran jagora daga sauti na fim din Black Panther: Wakanda Forever (2022), mai taken "Lift Me Up", shine fitowar kiɗa ta farko tun ''Anti''. Waƙar ta sami gabatarwa don Golden Globe da Academy Award for Best Original Song . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mckay |first=Karelle |date=January 24, 2023 |title=Rihanna Receives First Oscar Nomination for Original Song 'Lift Me Up' |url=https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/rihanna-receives-first-oscar-nomination-164700518.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124212357/https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/rihanna-receives-first-oscar-nomination-164700518.html |archive-date=January 24, 2023 |access-date=January 24, 2023 |publisher=[[Yahoo! News]]}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 2023, ta jagoranci wasan kwaikwayo na Super Bowl LVII, wanda ya nuna wasan kwaikwayonta na farko a cikin shekaru biyar, da kuma ƙarshen kauracewa da ta yi a baya, wanda ta haifar da hadin kai tare da Colin Kaepernick. Ayyukan sun jawo hankalin masu kallo miliyan 121.017, wanda ya sa ya zama wasan kwaikwayo na Super Bowl da aka fi kallo a tarihi, ya wuce wasan kwaikwayon Super Bowl XLIX na Katy Perry. Ya sami Rihanna biyar Primetime Emmy Award nominations, ciki har da daya don Outstanding Variety Special (Live). Rihanna ta zama mutum na farko da ya gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo na Super Bowl yayin da take da ciki, ta bayyana ciki yayin wasan kwaikwayon. Daga baya a cikin 2023, ta haifi ta da ASAP Rocky ta biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 8, 2023 |title=Rihanna and A$AP Rocky's Newborn Baby's Name Revealed |url=https://people.com/rihanna-asap-rocky-second-baby-name-revealed-7967129 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231118112110/https://people.com/rihanna-asap-rocky-second-baby-name-revealed-7967129 |archive-date=November 18, 2023 |access-date=November 18, 2023 |website=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref> A cikin 2025, ta bayyana Smurfette a cikin fim din wasan kwaikwayo mai suna ''Smurfs'', wanda aka yi masa mummunan ra'ayi, kuma ta haifi ita da ASAP Rocky ta uku, 'yar. <ref name="i407">{{Cite web |title=''Smurfs'' |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/smurfs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250718131314/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/smurfs |archive-date=July 18, 2025 |access-date=July 18, 2025 |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref><ref name="y307">{{Cite web |date=September 24, 2025 |title=Rihanna Gives Birth to Her Third Child—and It's a Girl! |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/rihanna-third-child-announcement |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250924222204/https://www.vogue.com/article/rihanna-third-child-announcement |archive-date=September 24, 2025 |access-date=September 24, 2025 |website=[[vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga Maris, 2026, Ma'aikatar 'yan sanda ta Los Angeles ta ba da rahoton cewa gidan Rihanna na Beverly Hills, wanda ta raba tare da ASAP Rocky, wani wanda ake zargi da bindiga na AR-15 ne ya harbe shi.<ref name="w985">{{Cite web |last=Lapham |first=Jake |date=March 9, 2026 |title=Rihanna's Beverly Hills home hit by gunfire, police say |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ckg2pm2kvkeo |access-date=March 9, 2026 |publisher=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref name="d266">{{Cite web |last=Castleman |first=Terry |last2=Jany |first2=Libor |date=March 8, 2026 |title=Gate to Rihanna's home, an RV hit by bullets as suspect fired assault-style rifle, police say |url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2026-03-08/rihanna-beverly-hills-mansion-is-struck-by-gunfire-source-says |url-access=subscription |access-date=March 9, 2026 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> An kama wata mace da ake zargi. Rihanna tana gida a lokacin da lamarin ya faru, amma ba a bayar da rahoton rauni ba.<ref name="d841">{{Cite web |date=March 9, 2026 |title=Woman shoots at Rihanna's L.A. home with AR-15-style rifle; no injuries reported, police say |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/woman-shoots-rihannas-l-home-ar-15-style-rifle-no-injuries-reported-po-rcna262362 |access-date=March 9, 2026 |publisher=[[NBC News]]}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2026, Rihanna ta yi wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin mai zane-zane na Jay-Z 30 a Filin wasa na Yankee a [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]], tana raira "Run This Town" da "Bitch Better Have My Money" tare da Jay-Z.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaur |first=Brahmjot |date=July 13, 2026 |title=Rihanna Turns Heads With First Performance in Years at Jay-Z's NYC Concert |url=https://www.eonline.com/news/1433917/rihanna-performs-for-first-time-in-years-at-jay-zs-nyc-concert |access-date=July 14, 2026 |website=[[E! Online]]}}</ref> == Ayyuka na zane-zane == Rihanna mezzo-soprano ce tare da kewayon murya daga B<nowiki><sub id="mwBY4">2</sub></nowiki> zuwa Cī6.{{Sfn|Goldsmith|Fonseca|2018}}<ref name="y010">{{Cite web |last=Kristobak |first=Ryan |date=May 20, 2014 |title=You'll Never Guess Which Singer Has The Largest Vocal Range |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/top-artists-vocal-range_n_5357698 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131205710/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/top-artists-vocal-range_n_5357698 |archive-date=January 31, 2022 |access-date=September 7, 2025 |website=[[HuffPost]]}}</ref>Ta fara horar da murya yayin rikodin Good Girl Gone Bad (2007) a karkashin jagorancin Ne-Yo, wanda ya koya mata dabarun numfashi da isar da muryar murya.{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}Masu sukar sun nuna yadda take aiki a cikin ayyuka daban-daban: James Skinner na [[BBC]] ya bayyana aikinta a kan "Love the Way You Lie (Part II) " a matsayin "mai ba da umurni, mai rai da rauni", yayin da Andy Gill na The Independent ya ambaci "California King Bed" a matsayin rawar murya mafi karfi. ''Billboard'' ta ce "Diamonds" ta nuna ta "mafi girman murya, mafi yawan murya", kuma Jon Caramanica na The New York Times ya rubuta cewa muryarta ta zama "makami na sanyaya da rashin kulawa". A cikin 2023, Rolling Stone ta sanya ta a matsayi na sittin da takwas a cikin jerin sunayen "Mafi Girma 200 na Duk Lokaci". Rihanna sau da yawa tana rubuta waƙoƙinta tare da ƙungiyar masu haɗin gwiwa.<ref name="o934">{{Cite web |last=Benitez-Eves |first=Tina |date=May 8, 2023 |title=5 Songs You Didn't Know Rihanna Wrote for Other Artists |url=https://americansongwriter.com/5-songs-you-didnt-know-rihanna-wrote-for-other-artists/ |access-date=March 16, 2026 |website=[[American Songwriter]]}}</ref><ref name="m312">{{Cite web |date=October 7, 2015 |title=The pop-up hit factory: How a songwriter bootcamp helped Rihanna fight back |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/52j3yMmbpPG2PjfS1z79nVW/the-pop-up-hit-factory-how-a-songwriter-bootcamp-helped-rihanna-fight-back |access-date=March 16, 2026 |website=BBC}}</ref> Waƙoƙin Rihanna da farko R & B ne da pop, kuma sun haɗa da abubuwa daban-daban kamar Dancehall, EDM, da manya na zamani.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Birchmeier |first=Jason |title=Rihanna Biography |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/rihanna-mn0000367188 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260108043333/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/rihanna-mn0000367188 |archive-date=January 8, 2026 |access-date=January 6, 2026 |publisher=[[AllMusic]] |quote=…Rihanna is also uncommonly dynamic, having mixed and matched pure pop, dancehall, R&B, EDM, and adult contemporary material throughout her career.}}</ref> Ayyukanta na kiɗa an yi alama da gwaji, kuma ta bayyana cewa burinta shine "yi kiɗa da za a iya ji a wasu sassan duniya da ban taɓa zuwa ba".<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 22, 2015 |title=Rihanna Learned to Sing by Mimicking Celine Dion |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/entertainment/article/rihanna-learned-to-sing-by-mimicking-celine-dion/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121175534/http://www.ctvnews.ca/entertainment/rihanna-learned-to-sing-by-mimicking-celine-dion-1.2291713 |archive-date=November 21, 2015 |access-date=November 21, 2015 |publisher=[[CTV News]]}}</ref> A Barbados, Rihanna ta samo wahayi daga reggae, soca, da hip-hop, kuma bayan ta koma Amurka, an gabatar da ita ga nau'o'i daban-daban, gami da dutse.{{Sfn|Govan|2011}}Tushen farko na dancehall na Rihanna ya bayyana a cikin kundi biyu na farko, Music of the Sun (2005) da A Girl Like Me (2006).{{Sfn|Heatley|Betts|2012}}Music of the Sun ya nuna tasirin al'adun kiɗa na Caribbean; Kelefa Sanneh na The New York Times ya kira Rihanna "mafi kyawun mawaƙa don gano yadda za'a iya amfani da rhythms na lantarki".{{Sfn|Perricone|2025}}Da yake son ci gaban fasaha, A Girl Like Me ya bayyana abubuwan da suka faru na kai wanda mata matasa ke fuskanta, tare da ballads waɗanda aka bayyana a matsayin masu kyau da balaga.<ref name="AllmusicLikeMe">{{Cite web |last=Jeffries |first=David |title=''A Girl like Me'' – Rihanna |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/a-girl-like-me-mw0000348566 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919013710/http://www.allmusic.com/album/a-girl-like-me-mw0000348566 |archive-date=September 19, 2012 |access-date=November 25, 2015 |publisher=[[AllMusic]]. [[Rovi Corporation]]}}</ref> Good Girl Gone Bad (2007) ta nuna tashi daga farkon tasirin Caribbean kuma ana daukar ta a matsayin canji a cikin aikinta, tare da waƙoƙin rawa-pop kamar "Push Up on Me" da "Don't Stop the Music".{{Sfn|Oliver|2011}}Rabin farko na kundin yana da tasirin tasirin pop na shekarun 1980, yayin da rabi na biyu ya fi dogara ga R & B na gargajiya.<ref name="pandr" /> Rihanna ta rock-imbued rikodin Rated R (2009), wanda aka saki bayan harin da saurayinta na lokacin, Chris Brown, ya yi da sautin duhu sosai kuma ya cika da motsin rai daban-daban da ta samu tun daga lokacin.<ref name="VentedOnLP">{{Cite web |last=Vena |first=Jocelyn |date=November 24, 2009 |title=Rihanna 'Vented' on Her Just-Released ''Rated R'' Album |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1626934/rihanna-vented-on-her-just-released-rated-r-album/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113001754/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1626934/rihanna-vented-on-her-just-released-rated-r-album.jhtml |archive-date=November 13, 2012 |access-date=January 31, 2022 |website=[[MTV]]}}</ref> Tare da saitin rawa-pop Loud (2010), ta yi tunani game da nishaɗin da take da shi yayin yin rikodin kundin, ta haɗa da ballads, waƙoƙin jam'iyya, da kuma karfafa waƙoƙun soyayya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vena |first=Jocelyn |date=October 29, 2010 |title=Rihanna's ''Loud'' Preview: Eminem Gets Dark on Otherwise Light LP |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1651058/rihannas-loud-preview-eminem-gets-dark-on-otherwise-light-lp/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825082709/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1651058/rihannas-loud-preview-eminem-gets-dark-on-otherwise-light-lp.jhtml |archive-date=August 25, 2012 |access-date=January 31, 2022 |publisher=[[MTV News]]}}</ref> A kan Talk That Talk (2011), Rihanna ta fadada kan salon rawa-pop yayin da take karɓar halin jima'i da ya haɗa abubuwa na R & B, hip-hop, dancehall, da dubstep. Loud and Talk That Talk ya gan ta tana bincika jima'i a cikin aikinta ("S&amp;amp;M" da "Birthday Cake") kuma ta koma ga tushen rawa ("Man Down" da "Watch n' Learn"). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vena |first=Jocelyn |date=November 9, 2009 |title=Rihanna's ''Loud'' Continues to Leak Online |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1651820/rihannas-loud-continues-to-leak-online/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514133358/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1651820/rihannas-loud-continues-leak-online.jhtml |archive-date=May 14, 2013 |access-date=January 31, 2022 |website=[[MTV]]}}</ref> Ana bincika rauni a kan rikodin pop da synth-pop Unapologetic (2012), wanda Vulture ya bayyana a matsayin "aikin ƙiyayya [...] don warware yadda take ji game da ita [... tsohon saurayinta Brown] da kuma siffarta ta jama'a".<ref name="h744">{{Cite web |title=''Unapologetic'' by Rihanna on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/unapologetic/1444105795 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250826194741/https://music.apple.com/us/album/unapologetic/1444105795 |archive-date=August 26, 2025 |access-date=September 7, 2025 |publisher=[[Apple Music]] (US)}}</ref><ref name="d273">{{Cite web |last=Dobbins |first=Amanda |date=July 25, 2018 |title=Let's Discuss Rihanna's ''Unapologetic'' |url=https://www.vulture.com/2012/11/lets-discuss-rihannas-unapologetic.html |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251002060839/https://www.vulture.com/2012/11/lets-discuss-rihannas-unapologetic.html |archive-date=October 2, 2025 |access-date=September 7, 2025 |website=[[Vulture (magazine)|Vulture]]}}</ref> {{Spaces}}{{Spaces}}''Anti'' (2016), wanda aka kirkira a cikin gwagwarmayar kirkira da rikice-rikicen motsin rai, ya haɗa da bugun lo-fi da tasirin eclectic kamar rai da tarko.   Rihanna ta gano [[Madonna]] a matsayin gunkin ta da kuma wahayi na farko. Ta bayyana burinta na zama "Black Madonna" kuma ta yaba da baiwarta don ci gaba da sake kirkirar kanta a duk lokacin da take aiki. Rihanna ta yaba da ikon Madonna na canza salon ta da kiɗa akai-akai, yayin da ta kasance "ƙarfi na gaske a cikin nishaɗi".<ref name="j122">{{Cite web |last=Corner |first=Lewis |date=July 21, 2011 |title=Rihanna: 'Madonna is my biggest inspiration' |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/music/a330967/rihanna-madonna-is-my-biggest-inspiration/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131190202/https://www.digitalspy.com/music/a330967/rihanna-madonna-is-my-biggest-inspiration/ |archive-date=January 31, 2022 |access-date=September 7, 2025 |publisher=[[Digital Spy]]}}</ref> Ta kuma kira Mariah Carey a matsayin babban tasiri a kan kiɗanta da aikinta kuma ta tuna yin waƙarta ta 1993 "Hero" a wasan kwaikwayo na makarantar sakandare.{{Sfn|Heatley|Betts|2012}}Rihanna ta kuma ce Carey ta "Vision of Love" (1990) ita ce waƙar da ta yi wahayi zuwa gare ta don neman aiki a cikin kiɗa.<ref name="Saysshes">{{Cite web |title=Rihanna Says She's Inspired by Mariah Carey |url=https://www.azcentral.com/story/entertainment/people/2015/03/22/rihanna-inspired-mariah-carey/25176945/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724001957/https://www.azcentral.com/story/entertainment/people/2015/03/22/rihanna-inspired-mariah-carey/25176945/ |archive-date=July 24, 2019 |access-date=November 15, 2015 |website=[[The Arizona Republic]]}}</ref> Bayan ta koma Amurka, an fallasa ta ga nau'ikan kiɗa daban-daban, wanda ta ce yana da tasiri sosai a kanta. Rihanna ta gano kundi na huɗu na Brandy, ''Afrodisiac'' (2004), a matsayin tushen wahayi na farko don kundin Good Girl Gone Bad . <ref name="f910">{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Da'Shan |date=June 8, 2018 |title=Revisiting Brandy's 'Never Say Never' 20 years later |url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2018-06-08/95497/revisiting-brandys-never-say-never-20-years-later |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251002060246/https://www.revolt.tv/article/2018-06-08/95497/revisiting-brandys-never-say-never-20-years-later |archive-date=October 2, 2025 |access-date=September 7, 2025 |publisher=[[Revolt (TV network)|Revolt]]}}</ref> A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, Rihanna sau da yawa tana kallon [[Bob Marley]] a talabijin saboda shahararsa a Caribbean.<ref name="Saysshes" /> Ta dauke shi daya daga cikin masu zane-zane da ta fi so a kowane lokaci, ta yaba masa da "tafiyar hanyar kowane mai zane daga Caribbean".[ing]<ref name="n792">{{Cite web |last=Al-Khateeb |first=Zac |date=February 12, 2023 |title=Where is Rihanna from? How artist's Barbados roots will influence Super Bowl halftime show |url=https://www.sportingnews.com/au/nfl/news/rihanna-barbados-roots-influence-super-bowl-halftime-show/qcrp0f92a4uvnh6cbbb8iyjy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251002060620/https://www.sportingnews.com/au/nfl/news/rihanna-barbados-roots-influence-super-bowl-halftime-show/qcrp0f92a4uvnh6cbbb8iyjy |archive-date=October 2, 2025 |access-date=September 7, 2025 |website=[[The Sporting News]]}}</ref> Ta kirkiro wani wuri mai tsarki a gidanta da aka keɓe wa Marley kuma ta yi murfin "Is This Love" (1978) da "Redemption Song" (1980) yayin yawon shakatawa.<ref name="turning30" /> Yayinda take yarinya, Rihanna ta raira waƙoƙin Whitney Houston da "A Whole New World" (1992) a cikin gashin kanta akai-akai har maƙwabtanta suka fara kiranta "Robyn Redbreast". Ta kuma ambaci cewa daya daga cikin waƙoƙin farko da ta fara soyayya da ita ita ce fassarar Houston na "I Will Always Love You" (1992). Ta yaba da wannan waƙar tare da tayar da sha'awarta ga kiɗa kuma a wani bangare ta danganta kasancewarta a cikin masana'antar ga Houston.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Warner |first=Kara |date=April 2, 2012 |title=Rihanna Would Give Her 'Entire Life' to Play Whitney Houston |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1682310/rihanna-whitney-houston-biopic/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127105532/http://www.mtv.com/news/1682310/rihanna-whitney-houston-biopic/ |archive-date=November 27, 2015 |access-date=January 31, 2022 |website=[[MTV]]}}</ref><ref name="b236">{{Cite web |date=April 3, 2012 |title=Rihanna speaks about ''Battleship'' role |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-17598677 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250417071607/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-17598677 |archive-date=April 17, 2025 |access-date=July 18, 2025 |publisher=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> Rihanna kuma ta sami rinjaye daga masu fasaha kamar [[Janet Jackson]], <ref name="Saysshes" /> Aaliyah, [[Beyoncé|Beyonce]], [[Celine Dion]], Grace Jones, Lil 'Kim, Prince, da Brandy .<ref name="r617">{{Cite web |last=Zendle |first=Miriam |date=November 6, 2006 |title=Rihanna: Beyonce's my inspiration |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/showbiz/a39019/rihanna-beyonces-my-inspiration/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517054439/https://www.digitalspy.com/showbiz/a39019/rihanna-beyonces-my-inspiration/ |archive-date=May 17, 2022 |access-date=September 7, 2025 |publisher=[[Digital Spy]]}}</ref><ref name="z346">{{Cite web |date=June 22, 2010 |title=10 Things You Never Knew About... Grace Jones |url=https://www.clashmusic.com/features/10-things-you-never-knew-about-grace-jones/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250824100006/https://www.clashmusic.com/features/10-things-you-never-knew-about-grace-jones/ |archive-date=August 24, 2025 |access-date=September 7, 2025 |website=[[Clash (magazine)|Clash]]}}</ref><ref name="x276">{{Cite web |last=Kallor |first=Amber |date=September 1, 2015 |title=Rihanna on the '90s Beauty Icon Who Has Inspired Her Many Looks |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/rihanna-riri-perfume-90s-beauty-trends-lil-kim-lipstick |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827155715/https://www.vogue.com/article/rihanna-riri-perfume-90s-beauty-trends-lil-kim-lipstick |archive-date=August 27, 2023 |access-date=September 7, 2025 |website=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=21 Artists That Wouldn't Be the Same Without Prince |url=https://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-blogs/14-artists-that-wouldnt-be-the-same-without-prince |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426125043/http://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-blogs/14-artists-that-wouldnt-be-the-same-without-prince |archive-date=April 26, 2016 |website=NME}}</ref><ref name="f910" /> === Bidiyo da mataki === [[File:RihannaLastGirlOnEarthSnapMar2011.jpg|alt=Rihanna, with red, long hair in a colourful dress, performing on stage|thumb|Rihanna a kan Last Girl on Earth yawon shakatawa a cikin 2011. Tana da jan gashi mai haske, wanda ke da alaƙa da zamanin Loud, <ref name="x596">{{Cite web |last=McKenzie |first=Janae |date=April 2, 2022 |title=The Rihanna Hair Evolution: Through the Years |url=https://www.glamour.com/story/the-rihanna-hair-evolution-through-the-years |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251002060541/https://www.glamour.com/story/the-rihanna-hair-evolution-through-the-years |archive-date=October 2, 2025 |access-date=September 13, 2025 |website=[[Glamour (magazine)|Glamour]]}}</ref> da kuma tufafi masu launi da yawa.]] == Manazarta ==   [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ke3t78ipkd1b18q7hfnwtx1fgli5x77 0 11645 974998 826158 2026-11-01T19:56:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Bookbits - 2009-08-13 Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie-The Thing Around Your Neck.vorb.oga|thumb|right|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie tana magana akan ''The Thing Around Your Neck'' a gidan rediyon Bookbits]] [[File:Congreso Futuro 2020 - Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 02.jpg|thumb|chimamanda a wajen taro]] [[File:Chimamanda crop.JPG|thumb|hotan chimamanda ]] [[File:Ms. magazine Cover - Summer 2014.jpg|thumb|chimamanda a cover magazine 2014]] [[File:Chimamanda creative writing workshop.JPG|thumb|chimamanda creative workshop ]] [[File:Congreso Futuro 2020 - Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 01.jpg|thumb|chimamanda cikakken hoto ]] [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 9395.JPG|thumb|chimamanda a wajen wani fira]] [[File:In Conversation Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie and Anne-Marie Slaughter (34792044310).jpg|thumb|chimamanda a wajen fira]] '''Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie''' (an haife ta a ranar 15 ga watan Satumba,na shekara ta alif dari tara da saba'in da bakwai 1977).<ref name="Biography of Chimamanda Adichie">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gradesaver.com/author/chimamanda-ngozi-adichie|title=Biography of Chimamanda Adichie}}</ref> [[Yar'Nijeriya|Yar Najeriya]] ce, marubuciya ce wanda ayyukanta suka haɗa da novels ƙananan labarai har ma da ƙagaggun labarai.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/01/books/review/Nixon.t.html |title=A Biafran Story |date=1 October 2006 |first=Rob |last=Nixon |work=The New York Times |accessdate= 25 January 2009}}</ref> Adichie, wacce aka Haifa a birnin [[Enugu]] acikin Najeriya, ta girma amatsayin ya ta biyar cikin ya'ya shida a gidan su sake garin [[Nsukka]]n [[Jihar Enugu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/|title=In the Footsteps of Achebe: Enter Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie|last=Anya|first=Ikechuku|date=15 October 2005|work=African Writer|access-date=28 September 2019|archive-date=7 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207043257/https://www.africanwriter.com/in-the-footsteps-of-achebe-enter-chimamanda-ngozi-adichie/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A sanda take tasowa, mahaifinta James Nwoye Adichie farfesa ne na ƙididdiga lissafi (statistics) a Jami'ar Najeriya Nsukka. Mahaifiyarta Grace Ifeoma itace registrar mace ta farko a jami'ar.<ref name="NPR">[https://www.npr.org/2014/03/18/291133080/news-maker "Feminism Is Fashionable For Nigerian Writer Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie"]. NPR, 18 March 2014.</ref> Gidansu sun rasa kusan dukkanin abubuwan da suka mallaka a lokacin Yaƙin Basasan Najeriya, wanda ya haɗa da rashin kakannin ta biyu.<ref name="SE">{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/thesundayedition/the-sunday-edition-december-30-2018-1.4462999|title=The Sunday Edition - December 30, 2018|date=December 30, 2018|last=Enright|first=Michael|type=Radio interview|language=English|publisher=CBC|orig-year=2006|minutes=|time=52:00|quote=}}</ref> Asalin ƙauyen danginta shine Abba<ref name="Biography of Chimamanda Adichie"/> a [[Jihar Anambra]].<ref>[http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/cnabio.html "Biography"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140830174744/http://www.l3.ulg.ac.be/adichie/cnabio.html |date=2014-08-30 }}, The Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie website.</ref> [[File:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie at a book signing in Berlin, Germany on 16 May 2014.jpg|thumb|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] A shekarar 2008, Adichie an girmama ta da kyautar [[MacArthur Fellows Program|MacArthur Genius Grant]]. Kuma an bayyana ta a ''[[The Times Literary Supplement]]'' amatsayin "the most prominent" of a "procession of critically acclaimed young anglophone authors [who] is succeeding in attracting a new generation of readers to African literature".<ref>Copnall, James (16 December 2011), "Steak Knife", ''[[The Times Literary Supplement]]'', p. 20.</ref> Ta wallafa novels kamarsu ''[[Purple Hibiscus]]'' (2003), ''[[Half of a Yellow Sun]]'' (2006), and ''[[Americanah]]'' (2013), the short story collection ''[[The Thing Around Your Neck]]'' (2009), and the book-length essay ''[[We Should All Be Feminists]]'' (2014). Kuma littafin ta na kuma baya-baya shine, ''[[Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions]]'', an wallafa shi a watan Maris shekarar 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chimamanda.com/about-chimamanda/|title=About Chimamanda|work=Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Official Author Website|access-date=2018-05-24|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820013039/https://www.chimamanda.com/about-chimamanda/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Adiche, Chimamanda Ngozi}} [[Category:Marubuta]] [[Category:Marubutan Najeriya]] [[Category:Marubuta daga Enugu]] [[Category:Marubutan Afirka]] r282iijtwbuc9zp8ay0yr7e9rmk7l5c 0 12101 975153 963998 2026-11-02T10:56:42Z Maryam jafar abubakar 49472 975153 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tuwo da miya.jpg|thumb|hoton zazahen tuwon massara]] [[Fayil:Tuwo Miyan Kubewa.jpg|thumb|Tuwo miyar kubewa]] [[Fayil:Tuwo and Miyar Kuka.jpg|thumb|Tuwo miyar kuka]] [[Fayil:Tuwo shinkafa.jpg|thumb]] '''Tuwo''' [[abinci]] ne da aka fi sani wanda [[Hausawa]] suke ci. Ana yin shi ne da [[masara]] ko [[Shinkafa]] ko kuma alkama ko dawa ko semo ko gero da sauran wasu nau'ika na hatsi. Haka kuma, tuwo abinci ne da ake yin shi daga [[masara]] ko gero, sai a tuka shi da tafasasshen ruwan zafi. Ana cin shine da miya. Akwai miya kala daban-daban kamar: [[Miyar kuka]] da [[miyar kubewa]] da [[miyar taushe]] da kuma [[miyan tafasa]] da dai sauransu.<ref>Miles, William F. S. (1994). ''Hausaland divided : colonialism and independence in Nigeria and Niger''.p.47</ref> da farko dai za'a nuko gari sai a tankaɗe shi sai a ɗibo gari idan ruwan ya tausa a kwaɓa wannan garin ayi talge ma'ana akwaɓashi da kauri ba sosai ba a zuba a tukunyar a riƙa kaɗa yayi ƙullu. Bayan talge ya dahu sai a zuba sauran garin a hankali a hankali ana tuƙawa a barshi ya dahu sosai bayan ya dahu sosai sai a kwashe shi a kwanuka kokuma asakaya a guyleda. == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Tuwo.jpg File:Tuwo with miyan kuka and fried fish.jpg </gallery> == Bibiliyo == * Milaes, William F. S. (1994). ''Hausaland divided : colonialism and independence in Nigeria and Niger''. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8014-7010-3</nowiki>. OCLC 624196914. ==Manazrta== [[Category:Abinci]]. ss476qezygk9dxsfqx55y4fw9mbksv0 0 15135 974896 910068 2026-11-01T16:16:18Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Thelma Arimiebi Ekiyor''' 'yar gwagwarmayar neman zaman lafiya ce ta Najeriya,' yar kasuwa ta zamantakewar al'umma wacce ta yi aiki a mukamai masu karfi a tsakanin kungiyoyi da yawa, kuma lauya ne da ya kware a kan Yanayin Rigakafin Mutuwar.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wipsen-africa.org/wipsen/who/founders/|title=Founders|website=www.wipsen-africa.org|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/108 108]|oclc=833132672}}</ref> Ekiyor ta fi mai da hankali kan shigar da mata cikin gina zaman lafiya da karfafawa mata da matasa ta hanyar samun 'yancin kudi da kuma samun ilimin. Tana da gogewa game da ayyuka a cikin ƙasashen Afirka sama da 20. A shekarar 2006, ta ƙirƙiro ƙungiyar ''Women Peace and Security Network Africa (WIPSEN-Africa)'' tare da Ecoma Bassey Alaga da kuma mai fafutukar samar da zaman lafiya a Liberia Leymah Gbowee.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wipsen-africa.org/wipsen/who/founders/|title=Founders|website=www.wipsen-africa.org|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://emu.edu/now/peacebuilder/2012/05/nobel-laureate-has-close-links-to-cjp/|title=Nobel Laureate Has Close Links to CJP – Peacebuilder Online|website=emu.edu|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> == Ilimi == Thelma Ekiyor ta karɓi MBA a fannin kasuwanci da kirkire-kirkire daga kwalejin Imperial da ke London, a Burtaniya, kuma tana da digiri na lauya tare da girmamawa ta LLB daga Jami'ar Buckingham.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://afrigrants.com/meet-the-ceo/|title=Meet The CEO|last=Afrigrants|website=Afrigrants|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2020-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320022507/https://afrigrants.com/meet-the-ceo/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tsohuwar ce ta Cibiyar Shugabancin Matan Afirka,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|title=Thelma Ekiyor|website=Rising Leadership Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203232323/https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|url-status=dead}}</ref> da kuma Cibiyar Kula da Zaman Lafiya ta Zamani ta 2002 a Jami'ar Eastern Mennonite a Amurka, wanda ke da alaƙa sosai da WANEP da WISPEN-Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://emu.edu/now/news/2011/humility-links-nobel-winner-and-alum-who-was-killed/|title=Humility Links Nobel Winner and Alum Who Was Killed|last1=Lofton|first1=Bonnie Price|last2=Zucconi|first2=Mike|date=2011-10-19|website=EMU News|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://emu.edu/now/news/2012/gbowee-carries-olympic-flag-at-ceremony/|title=Gbowee Carries Olympic Flag at Ceremony|last=Zucconi|first=Mike|date=2012-07-31|website=EMU News|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://emu.edu/now/peacebuilder/2012/05/nobel-laureate-has-close-links-to-cjp/|title=Nobel Laureate Has Close Links to CJP – Peacebuilder Online|website=emu.edu|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> Ekiyor shima ɗan jami'a ne na Jami'ar Stanford.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web|url=https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|title=Thelma Ekiyor|website=Rising Leadership Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203232323/https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url=https://afrigrants.com/meet-the-ceo/|title=Meet The CEO|last=Afrigrants|website=Afrigrants|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2020-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320022507/https://afrigrants.com/meet-the-ceo/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Gina zaman lafiya == Daga 2005 zuwa 2007, Ekiyor ta kasance Babban Manaja na Rikici-Rikicin da Tallafi (CIPS) a Cibiyar sasanta rikice-rikice (CCR) a Jami'ar Cape Town, Afirka ta Kudu.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/186 186]|oclc=833132672}}</ref> A wannan mukamin, ta taimaka wajen fadada karfin tashe-tashen hankula na kasashen Afirka da ke fuskantar sake gini.<ref name=":23">{{Cite web|url=https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|title=Thelma Ekiyor|website=Rising Leadership Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203232323/https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A shekara ta 2005, Ekiyor da Razaan Bailey sun rubuta rahoto kan aikin sauya fasalin gidan yari (PTP), wanda ake kira ''"Promoting Restorative Justice in South Africa's Correctional Services"'', wanda ya shafi ra'ayoyin kasa da kasa kan jigogin dawo da adalci.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Promoting Restorative Justice in South Africa's Correctional Services|url=https://www.africaportal.org/publications/promoting-restorative-justice-south-africas-correctional-services/|last1=Bailey|first1=Razaan|last2=Ekiyor|first2=Thelma|date=2005-10-03|website=Africa Portal|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> A shekara ta 2006, Ekiyor da Noria Mashumba sun rubuta rahoton taron karawa juna sani kan manufofin da ake kira "''The Peace-building role of Civil Society in Central Africa''". A wurin taron karawa juna sani, Ekiyor ya gabatar da jawabi a wurin zaman Mata da Tsarin Zaman Lafiya, mai taken ''"The Role of Civil Society in Implementing International and Regional Frameworks on Women, Peace and Security"''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Peace-building role of Civil Society in Central Africa|url=https://www.africaportal.org/publications/peace-building-role-civil-society-central-africa/|last1=Ekiyor|first1=Thelma|last2=Mashumba|first2=Noria|date=2006-04-03|website=Africa Portal|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> Bayan ta yi aiki a CCR, Ekiyor ta zama Babban Darakta na Cibiyar Yammacin Afirka ta Yammacin Afirka (WASCI), da ke Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=GINKS ICT4D stories in Ghana: Interview with Thelma Ekiyor of WACSI|url=http://ginks.blogspot.com/2007/11/interview-with-thema-ekiyor-of-wacsi.html|last=Ginks|date=2007-11-09|website=GINKS ICT4D stories in Ghana|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wipsen-africa.org/wipsen/who/founders/|title=Founders|website=www.wipsen-africa.org|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> Ta taimaka ta kafa alaƙa tsakanin masu ba da tallafi da ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma ta ƙirƙiro da dabarun haɓaka civilungiyar farar hula ta WASCI da kuma dandalin Tasirin Manufofi.<ref name=":24">{{Cite web|url=https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|title=Thelma Ekiyor|website=Rising Leadership Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203232323/https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A wajen Afirka, Ekiyor tana zaune ne a kan Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Cibiyar Ba da Tallafin Mata (WEC) da kuma ''Rising Leadership Foundation''.<ref name=":25">{{Cite web|url=https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|title=Thelma Ekiyor|website=Rising Leadership Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203232323/https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Thelma Ekiyor|url=https://www.concordia.net/community/thelma-ekiyor/|website=Concordia|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> Ita ma a yanzu haka memba ce ta ALL ON, wanda kamfanin Shell ya kafa kuma asusun tallafi ne na sabunta makamashi a Afirka ta Yamma.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web|title=Thelma Ekiyor|url=https://www.concordia.net/community/thelma-ekiyor/|website=Concordia|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref name=":26">{{Cite web|url=https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|title=Thelma Ekiyor|website=Rising Leadership Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203232323/https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Matan Afirka a cikin gina zaman lafiya === Daga 2001 zuwa 2005, Ekiyor ya kasance Daraktan Shirye-shirye na Cibiyar Sadarwar Afirka ta Yamma (WANEP).<ref name=":28">{{Cite web|url=https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|title=Thelma Ekiyor|website=Rising Leadership Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203232323/https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":04">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wipsen-africa.org/wipsen/who/founders/|title=Founders|website=www.wipsen-africa.org|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> Bayan yakin basasa da yawa a cikin kasashen Afirka ta Yamma a cikin 1990s, an kafa WANEP a 1998. Kungiyar ta mai da hankali kan haɗin gwiwar rigakafi da gina zaman lafiya, tana ba da kwasa-kwasan kan waɗannan batutuwan, da kawance da sauran 'yan wasan da fatan kafa "dandalin tattaunawa", da dorewar zaman lafiya da ci gaba a yankin.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About-Us|url=https://www.wanep.org/wanep/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=7&Itemid=11|website=www.wanep.org|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref> Ta hanyar alakarta da WANEP, Ekiyor ta sami tallafi da kudade don tunaninta na kirkirar kungiyar matan Afirka da za ta mai da hankali ga mata wadanda za su mayar da hankali kan sanya mata cikin zaman lafiya da shawarwari. Bin hanyar ''UNSC Resolution'' mai lamba 1325, Ekiyor ta yi fatan cewa wannan kungiyar za ta taimaka wajen samar da canji na hakika da kuma ba da damar jin muryoyin mata.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/109 109]|oclc=833132672}}</ref> A shekara ta 2001, ra'ayin Ekiyor ta zama kungiyar Mata masu gina zaman lafiya (WIPNET), wacce ta yi bikin kaddamar da ita a Accra, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women in Peacebuilding (WIPNET)|url=https://www.wanep.org/wanep/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8:women-in-peacebuilding-wipnet&catid=10:wipnet&Itemid=20|website=www.wanep.org|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/109 109]–112|oclc=833132672}}</ref> WIPNET na aiki don inganta zaman lafiyar mata da kuma damar sake gina rikice-rikice a Afirka ta Yamma.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women in Peacebuilding (WIPNET)|url=https://www.wanep.org/wanep/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8:women-in-peacebuilding-wipnet&catid=10:wipnet&Itemid=20|website=www.wanep.org|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref> A lokacin ƙaddamar da WIPNET, Ekiyor da kanta ta rubuta littafin horo na mai shiryawa wanda ya haɗa da atisayen da aka tsara don ƙarfafawa, shiga, da ilimantar da mata.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/112 112]|oclc=833132672}}</ref> A cikin tarihinta na shekarar 2011, ''Mighty Be Our Powers'', Leymah Gbowee ta bayyana cewa "tun daga farko, WIPNET ta kasance jaririn Thelma. Ta kawo ra'ayin ga WANEP kuma ta haɗu da rukunin horo na farko, kuma littafin gina zaman lafiya da ta dogara da shi lokacin da ta koya mana - littafin da ke cike da darussan da ake amfani da su a yanzu a cikin duk lokacin sasanta rikici - wani abu ne da ta yi aiki a kai. na shekaru."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/188 188]|oclc=833132672}}</ref> A cikin 2006, Ekiyor ta kirkiro kungiyar Mata ta ''Peace and Security Network Africa (WIPSEN-A).'' Tare da Leymah Gbowee da Ecoma Alaga, ta yi fatan canza WIPNET zuwa wata kungiya wacce ke gudanar da ayyukanta ba tare da kungiyar WANEP ba, ta yadda shirin ba zai zama "hanyar sadarwar mata ta maza ba".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/187 187]|oclc=833132672}}</ref> Sun kuma yi fatan fadadawa da kara dorewar shirin ta hanyar fadada hanyoyin sadarwa a duk fadin Afirka da kuma hada kan 'yan matan da ke kasa da su.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/188 188]|oclc=833132672}}</ref> == Karfafawa mata kudi a Afirka == Ekiyor ita ce ta kirkiro da kuma Shugabar Kamfanin Afrigrants Resources, kungiyar da ke mayar da hankali kan nemo hanyoyin kasuwanci da ke magance matsalolin zamantakewa, tare da mai da hankali kan ci gaban kasa da hada mata kudi.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|url=https://afrigrants.com/meet-the-ceo/|title=Meet The CEO|last=Afrigrants|website=Afrigrants|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2020-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320022507/https://afrigrants.com/meet-the-ceo/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A Afrigrant, Ekiyor ya tsara Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Mata, shiri wanda ke ba da rance ga mata.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Financial inclusion of women|url=http://afrigrants.com/financial-inclusion-of-women/|last=Afrigrants|website=Afrigrants|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref name=":33">{{Cite web|title=Thelma Ekiyor|url=https://www.concordia.net/community/thelma-ekiyor/|website=Concordia|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> A cikin 2017, Ekiyor ta kafa ''Funding Space'', wanda ake nufi don taimaka wa 'yan kasuwa masu taimakon zamantakewar al'umma a Afirka ta Yamma su sami horo da kuma damar yin amfani da hanyoyin hadahadar kuɗi. A Funding Space, Ekiyor ta kirkiro asusun Ebi, wanda ta kebanci mata yan kasuwa.<ref name=":27">{{Cite web|url=https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|title=Thelma Ekiyor|website=Rising Leadership Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203232323/https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|url-status=dead}}</ref>Ekiyor ta kuma kasance Manajan Darakta a SME.NG, Tsarin Tasirin Zuba Jarin Najeriyar, wanda kuma ke samar da kudade ga mata masu kasuwanci.<ref name=":34">{{Cite web|title=Thelma Ekiyor|url=https://www.concordia.net/community/thelma-ekiyor/|website=Concordia|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Thelma Ekiyor appointed NACCIMA's MSME chairperson|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/2386449347|last=|first=|date=2020-04-06|website=Vanguard|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> Ekiyor ta kuma kasance mai ba da shawara kan dabarun Siyasa ga [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] Matan Najeriya,<ref name=":29">{{Cite web|url=https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|title=Thelma Ekiyor|website=Rising Leadership Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203232323/https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|url-status=dead}}</ref> sannan kuma babbar mai ba da shawara ga Tarayyar Afirka,<ref name=":14">{{Cite web|url=https://afrigrants.com/meet-the-ceo/|title=Meet The CEO|last=Afrigrants|website=Afrigrants|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2020-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320022507/https://afrigrants.com/meet-the-ceo/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":05">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wipsen-africa.org/wipsen/who/founders/|title=Founders|website=www.wipsen-africa.org|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> ECA, IGAD, and ECOWAS. A shekarar 2010, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta mata ta bukaci hadin kai tsakanin kungiyoyin farar hula, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, da gwamnatoci domin cimma burin ci gaba mai dorewa (SDG) 5, wanda ke ingiza daidaito tsakanin maza da mata da kuma karfafa mata. Ekiyor ta yi magana game da mahimmancin dogon lokaci da maƙasudai masu ɗorewa, kamar yadda ta bayyana imanin ta cewa saka hannun jari a cikin mata yana taimakawa faɗaɗa ci gaban al'umma, tana mai cewa "saka hannun jari a SDG-5 zai saukaka aiwatar da dukkan SDGs a Najeriya, wanda kuma zai inganta kasuwanci da manufofin tattalin arziki".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Female Devt: UN Women seeks partnership|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/01/female-devt-un-women-seeks-partnership/|date=2018-01-24|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> A wata ganawa tsakanin wakilai daga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Tarayyar Afirka a shekarar 2017, Ekiyor ta bayyana cewa "[sun] samar da sila a cikin aminci da tsaro, amma 'yancin tattalin arziki alama ce ta zaman lafiya da tsaro," jawo hankali ga imanin ta game da mahimmancin saka mata a cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da kuma tattaunawa game da zaman lafiya da tsaro.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women and girls heartened to establish sustainable social and economic re-integration interventions|url=https://africa.unwomen.org/en/news-and-events/stories/2017/07/women-and-girls-heartened-to-establish-sustainable-social-and-economic-re-integration-interventions|website=UN Women {{!}} Africa|language=en|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> == Najeriya == A shekarar 2010, an nada Ekiyor a matsayin Babban Darakta na farko na Gidauniyar TY Danjuma (TYDF), wacce ke mai da hankali kan inganta hanyoyin samun lafiya da ilimi ga wadanda ke zaune a [[Jahar Taraba|jihar Taraba]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=TY Danjuma Foundation Appoints Thelma Ekiyor As First Executive Director – Press Releases on CSRwire.com|url=https://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/28470-TY-Danjuma-Foundation-Appoints-Thelma-Ekiyor-As-First-Executive-Director|website=www.csrwire.com|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2020-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320022508/https://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/28470-TY-Danjuma-Foundation-Appoints-Thelma-Ekiyor-As-First-Executive-Director|url-status=dead}}</ref> wani yanki a Arewa maso Gabashin Najeriya. A cikin 2011, TYDF ta ƙaddamar da aikin makarantar al'umma wanda zai kafa makarantar sakandare ta farko a Fulatara, wata al'umma a jihar Bauchi, Najeriya. A yayin kaddamarwar, Ekiyor ta bayyana cewa "za a iya samun ci gaban ilimi ne ta hanyar hadin kan al'umma tare da bayar da damar jagorancin gwamnati," sannan ta jaddada mahimmancin yin rajistar 'yan mata.<ref>{{Cite web|title=TY Danjuma Foundation Commissions School Project|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/884352245|last=|first=|date=2011-08-19|website=All Africa|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2020, Ekiyor ya zama shugaban kungiyar kanana, kanana da matsakaita-matsakaitan kasuwanci na Kungiyar ofungiyar Kasuwancin [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]], Masana'antu, Ma'adanai da Noma (NACCIMA).<ref name=":42">{{Cite web|title=Thelma Ekiyor appointed NACCIMA's MSME chairperson|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/2386449347|last=|first=|date=2020-04-06|website=Vanguard|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref name=":35">{{Cite web|title=Thelma Ekiyor|url=https://www.concordia.net/community/thelma-ekiyor/|website=Concordia|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> A cikin wannan rawar, Ekiyor za ta yi aiki tare da ƙananan 'yan kasuwa da nufin inganta ƙwarewar su da kuma fa'idantar da tattalin arzikin Nijeriya gaba ɗaya. == Laberiya == A wani taron WANEP da aka yi a Ghana a shekarar 2000, Ekiyor ta hadu da Leymah Gbowee,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/107 107]|oclc=833132672}}</ref> wacce ta samu lambar yabo ta Nobel ta shekarar 2011 wacce ita ce jigon tafiyar don sanya mata cikin sasantawar yakin basasa na biyu na Laberiya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Nobel Peace Prize 2011|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2011/gbowee/biographical/|website=NobelPrize.org|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref> Ekiyor ta ƙarfafa, ta ba da shawara, kuma ta yi aiki tare da Leymah Gbowee a yayin wannan aikin, kuma matan biyu sun kusanci juna. A cikin tarihinta na shekarar 2011, Gbowee ya rubuta cewa "Thelma ba abokina ba ne kawai; 'yar uwata ce, tagwaye na, inuwar kaina, kuma wani wanda ya fahimci bangaren siyasa na a cikin hanyar da ba wani ba."<ref name=":52">{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/108 108]|oclc=833132672}}</ref> Bayan kafa WIPNET, sai Ekiyor ta nada Gbowee a matsayin mai kula da babin WIPNET na Laberiya.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/114 114]|oclc=833132672}}</ref> Matan biyu sun ci gaba da aiki tare daga baya lokacin da suka kafa WIPSEN-Afirka a 2006.<ref name=":06">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wipsen-africa.org/wipsen/who/founders/|title=Founders|website=www.wipsen-africa.org|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> == Lambobin yabo == A shekarar 2015, an zabe Ekiyor ne don lambar yabo ta Shugabannin Pan Afrika a matsayin mai kiyaye zaman lafiya da tsaro. lambar yabo ta shekara-shekara, wanda Cibiyar Dimokiradiyya ta Afirka (ADI) ta bayar, ta bi taken Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UN) don Ranar Taimako ta Duniya don zaɓar waɗanda ke ba da ƙarfin ɗan adam. == Nassoshi == {{DEFAULTSORT:Ekiyor, Thelma}} au9l0fua1nur9s4j70qp6erhcvirbwk 974897 974896 2026-11-01T16:16:45Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Thelma Arimiebi Ekiyor''' 'yar gwagwarmayar neman zaman lafiya ce ta Najeriya,' yar kasuwa ta zamantakewar al'umma wacce ta yi aiki a mukamai masu karfi a tsakanin kungiyoyi da yawa, kuma lauya ne da ya kware a kan Yanayin Rigakafin Mutuwar.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wipsen-africa.org/wipsen/who/founders/|title=Founders|website=www.wipsen-africa.org|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/108 108]|oclc=833132672}}</ref> Ekiyor ta fi mai da hankali kan shigar da mata cikin gina zaman lafiya da karfafawa mata da matasa ta hanyar samun 'yancin kudi da kuma samun ilimin. Tana da gogewa game da ayyuka a cikin ƙasashen Afirka sama da 20. A shekarar 2006, ta ƙirƙiro ƙungiyar ''Women Peace and Security Network Africa (WIPSEN-Africa)'' tare da Ecoma Bassey Alaga da kuma mai fafutukar samar da zaman lafiya a Liberia Leymah Gbowee.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wipsen-africa.org/wipsen/who/founders/|title=Founders|website=www.wipsen-africa.org|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://emu.edu/now/peacebuilder/2012/05/nobel-laureate-has-close-links-to-cjp/|title=Nobel Laureate Has Close Links to CJP – Peacebuilder Online|website=emu.edu|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> == Ilimi == Thelma Ekiyor ta karɓi MBA a fannin kasuwanci da kirkire-kirkire daga kwalejin Imperial da ke London, a Burtaniya, kuma tana da digiri na lauya tare da girmamawa ta LLB daga Jami'ar Buckingham.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://afrigrants.com/meet-the-ceo/|title=Meet The CEO|last=Afrigrants|website=Afrigrants|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2020-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320022507/https://afrigrants.com/meet-the-ceo/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tsohuwar ce ta Cibiyar Shugabancin Matan Afirka,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|title=Thelma Ekiyor|website=Rising Leadership Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203232323/https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|url-status=dead}}</ref> da kuma Cibiyar Kula da Zaman Lafiya ta Zamani ta 2002 a Jami'ar Eastern Mennonite a Amurka, wanda ke da alaƙa sosai da WANEP da WISPEN-Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://emu.edu/now/news/2011/humility-links-nobel-winner-and-alum-who-was-killed/|title=Humility Links Nobel Winner and Alum Who Was Killed|last1=Lofton|first1=Bonnie Price|last2=Zucconi|first2=Mike|date=2011-10-19|website=EMU News|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://emu.edu/now/news/2012/gbowee-carries-olympic-flag-at-ceremony/|title=Gbowee Carries Olympic Flag at Ceremony|last=Zucconi|first=Mike|date=2012-07-31|website=EMU News|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://emu.edu/now/peacebuilder/2012/05/nobel-laureate-has-close-links-to-cjp/|title=Nobel Laureate Has Close Links to CJP – Peacebuilder Online|website=emu.edu|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> Ekiyor shima ɗan jami'a ne na Jami'ar Stanford.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web|url=https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|title=Thelma Ekiyor|website=Rising Leadership Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203232323/https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url=https://afrigrants.com/meet-the-ceo/|title=Meet The CEO|last=Afrigrants|website=Afrigrants|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2020-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320022507/https://afrigrants.com/meet-the-ceo/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Gina zaman lafiya == Daga shekarar 2005 zuwa 2007, Ekiyor ta kasance Babban Manaja na Rikici-Rikicin da Tallafi (CIPS) a Cibiyar sasanta rikice-rikice (CCR) a Jami'ar Cape Town, Afirka ta Kudu.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/186 186]|oclc=833132672}}</ref> A wannan mukamin, ta taimaka wajen fadada karfin tashe-tashen hankula na kasashen Afirka da ke fuskantar sake gini.<ref name=":23">{{Cite web|url=https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|title=Thelma Ekiyor|website=Rising Leadership Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203232323/https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A shekara ta 2005, Ekiyor da Razaan Bailey sun rubuta rahoto kan aikin sauya fasalin gidan yari (PTP), wanda ake kira ''"Promoting Restorative Justice in South Africa's Correctional Services"'', wanda ya shafi ra'ayoyin kasa da kasa kan jigogin dawo da adalci.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Promoting Restorative Justice in South Africa's Correctional Services|url=https://www.africaportal.org/publications/promoting-restorative-justice-south-africas-correctional-services/|last1=Bailey|first1=Razaan|last2=Ekiyor|first2=Thelma|date=2005-10-03|website=Africa Portal|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> A shekara ta 2006, Ekiyor da Noria Mashumba sun rubuta rahoton taron karawa juna sani kan manufofin da ake kira "''The Peace-building role of Civil Society in Central Africa''". A wurin taron karawa juna sani, Ekiyor ya gabatar da jawabi a wurin zaman Mata da Tsarin Zaman Lafiya, mai taken ''"The Role of Civil Society in Implementing International and Regional Frameworks on Women, Peace and Security"''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Peace-building role of Civil Society in Central Africa|url=https://www.africaportal.org/publications/peace-building-role-civil-society-central-africa/|last1=Ekiyor|first1=Thelma|last2=Mashumba|first2=Noria|date=2006-04-03|website=Africa Portal|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> Bayan ta yi aiki a CCR, Ekiyor ta zama Babban Darakta na Cibiyar Yammacin Afirka ta Yammacin Afirka (WASCI), da ke Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=GINKS ICT4D stories in Ghana: Interview with Thelma Ekiyor of WACSI|url=http://ginks.blogspot.com/2007/11/interview-with-thema-ekiyor-of-wacsi.html|last=Ginks|date=2007-11-09|website=GINKS ICT4D stories in Ghana|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wipsen-africa.org/wipsen/who/founders/|title=Founders|website=www.wipsen-africa.org|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> Ta taimaka ta kafa alaƙa tsakanin masu ba da tallafi da ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma ta ƙirƙiro da dabarun haɓaka civilungiyar farar hula ta WASCI da kuma dandalin Tasirin Manufofi.<ref name=":24">{{Cite web|url=https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|title=Thelma Ekiyor|website=Rising Leadership Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203232323/https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A wajen Afirka, Ekiyor tana zaune ne a kan Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Cibiyar Ba da Tallafin Mata (WEC) da kuma ''Rising Leadership Foundation''.<ref name=":25">{{Cite web|url=https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|title=Thelma Ekiyor|website=Rising Leadership Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203232323/https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Thelma Ekiyor|url=https://www.concordia.net/community/thelma-ekiyor/|website=Concordia|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> Ita ma a yanzu haka memba ce ta ALL ON, wanda kamfanin Shell ya kafa kuma asusun tallafi ne na sabunta makamashi a Afirka ta Yamma.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web|title=Thelma Ekiyor|url=https://www.concordia.net/community/thelma-ekiyor/|website=Concordia|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref name=":26">{{Cite web|url=https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|title=Thelma Ekiyor|website=Rising Leadership Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203232323/https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Matan Afirka a cikin gina zaman lafiya === Daga 2001 zuwa 2005, Ekiyor ya kasance Daraktan Shirye-shirye na Cibiyar Sadarwar Afirka ta Yamma (WANEP).<ref name=":28">{{Cite web|url=https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|title=Thelma Ekiyor|website=Rising Leadership Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203232323/https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":04">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wipsen-africa.org/wipsen/who/founders/|title=Founders|website=www.wipsen-africa.org|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> Bayan yakin basasa da yawa a cikin kasashen Afirka ta Yamma a cikin 1990s, an kafa WANEP a 1998. Kungiyar ta mai da hankali kan haɗin gwiwar rigakafi da gina zaman lafiya, tana ba da kwasa-kwasan kan waɗannan batutuwan, da kawance da sauran 'yan wasan da fatan kafa "dandalin tattaunawa", da dorewar zaman lafiya da ci gaba a yankin.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About-Us|url=https://www.wanep.org/wanep/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=7&Itemid=11|website=www.wanep.org|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref> Ta hanyar alakarta da WANEP, Ekiyor ta sami tallafi da kudade don tunaninta na kirkirar kungiyar matan Afirka da za ta mai da hankali ga mata wadanda za su mayar da hankali kan sanya mata cikin zaman lafiya da shawarwari. Bin hanyar ''UNSC Resolution'' mai lamba 1325, Ekiyor ta yi fatan cewa wannan kungiyar za ta taimaka wajen samar da canji na hakika da kuma ba da damar jin muryoyin mata.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/109 109]|oclc=833132672}}</ref> A shekara ta 2001, ra'ayin Ekiyor ta zama kungiyar Mata masu gina zaman lafiya (WIPNET), wacce ta yi bikin kaddamar da ita a Accra, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women in Peacebuilding (WIPNET)|url=https://www.wanep.org/wanep/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8:women-in-peacebuilding-wipnet&catid=10:wipnet&Itemid=20|website=www.wanep.org|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/109 109]–112|oclc=833132672}}</ref> WIPNET na aiki don inganta zaman lafiyar mata da kuma damar sake gina rikice-rikice a Afirka ta Yamma.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women in Peacebuilding (WIPNET)|url=https://www.wanep.org/wanep/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8:women-in-peacebuilding-wipnet&catid=10:wipnet&Itemid=20|website=www.wanep.org|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref> A lokacin ƙaddamar da WIPNET, Ekiyor da kanta ta rubuta littafin horo na mai shiryawa wanda ya haɗa da atisayen da aka tsara don ƙarfafawa, shiga, da ilimantar da mata.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/112 112]|oclc=833132672}}</ref> A cikin tarihinta na shekarar 2011, ''Mighty Be Our Powers'', Leymah Gbowee ta bayyana cewa "tun daga farko, WIPNET ta kasance jaririn Thelma. Ta kawo ra'ayin ga WANEP kuma ta haɗu da rukunin horo na farko, kuma littafin gina zaman lafiya da ta dogara da shi lokacin da ta koya mana - littafin da ke cike da darussan da ake amfani da su a yanzu a cikin duk lokacin sasanta rikici - wani abu ne da ta yi aiki a kai. na shekaru."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/188 188]|oclc=833132672}}</ref> A cikin 2006, Ekiyor ta kirkiro kungiyar Mata ta ''Peace and Security Network Africa (WIPSEN-A).'' Tare da Leymah Gbowee da Ecoma Alaga, ta yi fatan canza WIPNET zuwa wata kungiya wacce ke gudanar da ayyukanta ba tare da kungiyar WANEP ba, ta yadda shirin ba zai zama "hanyar sadarwar mata ta maza ba".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/187 187]|oclc=833132672}}</ref> Sun kuma yi fatan fadadawa da kara dorewar shirin ta hanyar fadada hanyoyin sadarwa a duk fadin Afirka da kuma hada kan 'yan matan da ke kasa da su.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/188 188]|oclc=833132672}}</ref> == Karfafawa mata kudi a Afirka == Ekiyor ita ce ta kirkiro da kuma Shugabar Kamfanin Afrigrants Resources, kungiyar da ke mayar da hankali kan nemo hanyoyin kasuwanci da ke magance matsalolin zamantakewa, tare da mai da hankali kan ci gaban kasa da hada mata kudi.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|url=https://afrigrants.com/meet-the-ceo/|title=Meet The CEO|last=Afrigrants|website=Afrigrants|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2020-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320022507/https://afrigrants.com/meet-the-ceo/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A Afrigrant, Ekiyor ya tsara Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Mata, shiri wanda ke ba da rance ga mata.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Financial inclusion of women|url=http://afrigrants.com/financial-inclusion-of-women/|last=Afrigrants|website=Afrigrants|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref name=":33">{{Cite web|title=Thelma Ekiyor|url=https://www.concordia.net/community/thelma-ekiyor/|website=Concordia|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> A cikin 2017, Ekiyor ta kafa ''Funding Space'', wanda ake nufi don taimaka wa 'yan kasuwa masu taimakon zamantakewar al'umma a Afirka ta Yamma su sami horo da kuma damar yin amfani da hanyoyin hadahadar kuɗi. A Funding Space, Ekiyor ta kirkiro asusun Ebi, wanda ta kebanci mata yan kasuwa.<ref name=":27">{{Cite web|url=https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|title=Thelma Ekiyor|website=Rising Leadership Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203232323/https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|url-status=dead}}</ref>Ekiyor ta kuma kasance Manajan Darakta a SME.NG, Tsarin Tasirin Zuba Jarin Najeriyar, wanda kuma ke samar da kudade ga mata masu kasuwanci.<ref name=":34">{{Cite web|title=Thelma Ekiyor|url=https://www.concordia.net/community/thelma-ekiyor/|website=Concordia|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Thelma Ekiyor appointed NACCIMA's MSME chairperson|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/2386449347|last=|first=|date=2020-04-06|website=Vanguard|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> Ekiyor ta kuma kasance mai ba da shawara kan dabarun Siyasa ga [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] Matan Najeriya,<ref name=":29">{{Cite web|url=https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|title=Thelma Ekiyor|website=Rising Leadership Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203232323/https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|url-status=dead}}</ref> sannan kuma babbar mai ba da shawara ga Tarayyar Afirka,<ref name=":14">{{Cite web|url=https://afrigrants.com/meet-the-ceo/|title=Meet The CEO|last=Afrigrants|website=Afrigrants|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2020-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320022507/https://afrigrants.com/meet-the-ceo/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":05">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wipsen-africa.org/wipsen/who/founders/|title=Founders|website=www.wipsen-africa.org|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> ECA, IGAD, and ECOWAS. A shekarar 2010, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta mata ta bukaci hadin kai tsakanin kungiyoyin farar hula, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, da gwamnatoci domin cimma burin ci gaba mai dorewa (SDG) 5, wanda ke ingiza daidaito tsakanin maza da mata da kuma karfafa mata. Ekiyor ta yi magana game da mahimmancin dogon lokaci da maƙasudai masu ɗorewa, kamar yadda ta bayyana imanin ta cewa saka hannun jari a cikin mata yana taimakawa faɗaɗa ci gaban al'umma, tana mai cewa "saka hannun jari a SDG-5 zai saukaka aiwatar da dukkan SDGs a Najeriya, wanda kuma zai inganta kasuwanci da manufofin tattalin arziki".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Female Devt: UN Women seeks partnership|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/01/female-devt-un-women-seeks-partnership/|date=2018-01-24|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> A wata ganawa tsakanin wakilai daga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Tarayyar Afirka a shekarar 2017, Ekiyor ta bayyana cewa "[sun] samar da sila a cikin aminci da tsaro, amma 'yancin tattalin arziki alama ce ta zaman lafiya da tsaro," jawo hankali ga imanin ta game da mahimmancin saka mata a cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da kuma tattaunawa game da zaman lafiya da tsaro.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women and girls heartened to establish sustainable social and economic re-integration interventions|url=https://africa.unwomen.org/en/news-and-events/stories/2017/07/women-and-girls-heartened-to-establish-sustainable-social-and-economic-re-integration-interventions|website=UN Women {{!}} Africa|language=en|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> == Najeriya == A shekarar 2010, an nada Ekiyor a matsayin Babban Darakta na farko na Gidauniyar TY Danjuma (TYDF), wacce ke mai da hankali kan inganta hanyoyin samun lafiya da ilimi ga wadanda ke zaune a [[Jahar Taraba|jihar Taraba]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=TY Danjuma Foundation Appoints Thelma Ekiyor As First Executive Director – Press Releases on CSRwire.com|url=https://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/28470-TY-Danjuma-Foundation-Appoints-Thelma-Ekiyor-As-First-Executive-Director|website=www.csrwire.com|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2020-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320022508/https://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/28470-TY-Danjuma-Foundation-Appoints-Thelma-Ekiyor-As-First-Executive-Director|url-status=dead}}</ref> wani yanki a Arewa maso Gabashin Najeriya. A cikin 2011, TYDF ta ƙaddamar da aikin makarantar al'umma wanda zai kafa makarantar sakandare ta farko a Fulatara, wata al'umma a jihar Bauchi, Najeriya. A yayin kaddamarwar, Ekiyor ta bayyana cewa "za a iya samun ci gaban ilimi ne ta hanyar hadin kan al'umma tare da bayar da damar jagorancin gwamnati," sannan ta jaddada mahimmancin yin rajistar 'yan mata.<ref>{{Cite web|title=TY Danjuma Foundation Commissions School Project|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/884352245|last=|first=|date=2011-08-19|website=All Africa|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2020, Ekiyor ya zama shugaban kungiyar kanana, kanana da matsakaita-matsakaitan kasuwanci na Kungiyar ofungiyar Kasuwancin [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]], Masana'antu, Ma'adanai da Noma (NACCIMA).<ref name=":42">{{Cite web|title=Thelma Ekiyor appointed NACCIMA's MSME chairperson|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/2386449347|last=|first=|date=2020-04-06|website=Vanguard|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref name=":35">{{Cite web|title=Thelma Ekiyor|url=https://www.concordia.net/community/thelma-ekiyor/|website=Concordia|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> A cikin wannan rawar, Ekiyor za ta yi aiki tare da ƙananan 'yan kasuwa da nufin inganta ƙwarewar su da kuma fa'idantar da tattalin arzikin Nijeriya gaba ɗaya. == Laberiya == A wani taron WANEP da aka yi a Ghana a shekarar 2000, Ekiyor ta hadu da Leymah Gbowee,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/107 107]|oclc=833132672}}</ref> wacce ta samu lambar yabo ta Nobel ta shekarar 2011 wacce ita ce jigon tafiyar don sanya mata cikin sasantawar yakin basasa na biyu na Laberiya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Nobel Peace Prize 2011|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2011/gbowee/biographical/|website=NobelPrize.org|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref> Ekiyor ta ƙarfafa, ta ba da shawara, kuma ta yi aiki tare da Leymah Gbowee a yayin wannan aikin, kuma matan biyu sun kusanci juna. A cikin tarihinta na shekarar 2011, Gbowee ya rubuta cewa "Thelma ba abokina ba ne kawai; 'yar uwata ce, tagwaye na, inuwar kaina, kuma wani wanda ya fahimci bangaren siyasa na a cikin hanyar da ba wani ba."<ref name=":52">{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/108 108]|oclc=833132672}}</ref> Bayan kafa WIPNET, sai Ekiyor ta nada Gbowee a matsayin mai kula da babin WIPNET na Laberiya.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/114 114]|oclc=833132672}}</ref> Matan biyu sun ci gaba da aiki tare daga baya lokacin da suka kafa WIPSEN-Afirka a 2006.<ref name=":06">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wipsen-africa.org/wipsen/who/founders/|title=Founders|website=www.wipsen-africa.org|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> == Lambobin yabo == A shekarar 2015, an zabe Ekiyor ne don lambar yabo ta Shugabannin Pan Afrika a matsayin mai kiyaye zaman lafiya da tsaro. lambar yabo ta shekara-shekara, wanda Cibiyar Dimokiradiyya ta Afirka (ADI) ta bayar, ta bi taken Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UN) don Ranar Taimako ta Duniya don zaɓar waɗanda ke ba da ƙarfin ɗan adam. == Nassoshi == {{DEFAULTSORT:Ekiyor, Thelma}} tnnmk5l0a7wfns266rx2howerfmqi3a 974898 974897 2026-11-01T16:17:07Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Thelma Arimiebi Ekiyor''' 'yar gwagwarmayar neman zaman lafiya ce ta Najeriya,' yar kasuwa ta zamantakewar al'umma wacce ta yi aiki a mukamai masu karfi a tsakanin kungiyoyi da yawa, kuma lauya ne da ya kware a kan Yanayin Rigakafin Mutuwar.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wipsen-africa.org/wipsen/who/founders/|title=Founders|website=www.wipsen-africa.org|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/108 108]|oclc=833132672}}</ref> Ekiyor ta fi mai da hankali kan shigar da mata cikin gina zaman lafiya da karfafawa mata da matasa ta hanyar samun 'yancin kudi da kuma samun ilimin. Tana da gogewa game da ayyuka a cikin ƙasashen Afirka sama da 20. A shekarar 2006, ta ƙirƙiro ƙungiyar ''Women Peace and Security Network Africa (WIPSEN-Africa)'' tare da Ecoma Bassey Alaga da kuma mai fafutukar samar da zaman lafiya a Liberia Leymah Gbowee.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wipsen-africa.org/wipsen/who/founders/|title=Founders|website=www.wipsen-africa.org|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://emu.edu/now/peacebuilder/2012/05/nobel-laureate-has-close-links-to-cjp/|title=Nobel Laureate Has Close Links to CJP – Peacebuilder Online|website=emu.edu|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> == Ilimi == Thelma Ekiyor ta karɓi MBA a fannin kasuwanci da kirkire-kirkire daga kwalejin Imperial da ke London, a Burtaniya, kuma tana da digiri na lauya tare da girmamawa ta LLB daga Jami'ar Buckingham.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://afrigrants.com/meet-the-ceo/|title=Meet The CEO|last=Afrigrants|website=Afrigrants|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2020-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320022507/https://afrigrants.com/meet-the-ceo/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tsohuwar ce ta Cibiyar Shugabancin Matan Afirka,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|title=Thelma Ekiyor|website=Rising Leadership Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203232323/https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|url-status=dead}}</ref> da kuma Cibiyar Kula da Zaman Lafiya ta Zamani ta 2002 a Jami'ar Eastern Mennonite a Amurka, wanda ke da alaƙa sosai da WANEP da WISPEN-Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://emu.edu/now/news/2011/humility-links-nobel-winner-and-alum-who-was-killed/|title=Humility Links Nobel Winner and Alum Who Was Killed|last1=Lofton|first1=Bonnie Price|last2=Zucconi|first2=Mike|date=2011-10-19|website=EMU News|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://emu.edu/now/news/2012/gbowee-carries-olympic-flag-at-ceremony/|title=Gbowee Carries Olympic Flag at Ceremony|last=Zucconi|first=Mike|date=2012-07-31|website=EMU News|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://emu.edu/now/peacebuilder/2012/05/nobel-laureate-has-close-links-to-cjp/|title=Nobel Laureate Has Close Links to CJP – Peacebuilder Online|website=emu.edu|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> Ekiyor shima ɗan jami'a ne na Jami'ar Stanford.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web|url=https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|title=Thelma Ekiyor|website=Rising Leadership Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203232323/https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url=https://afrigrants.com/meet-the-ceo/|title=Meet The CEO|last=Afrigrants|website=Afrigrants|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2020-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320022507/https://afrigrants.com/meet-the-ceo/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Gina zaman lafiya == Daga shekarar 2005 zuwa 2007, Ekiyor ta kasance Babban Manaja na Rikici-Rikicin da Tallafi (CIPS) a Cibiyar sasanta rikice-rikice (CCR) a Jami'ar Cape Town, Afirka ta Kudu.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/186 186]|oclc=833132672}}</ref> A wannan mukamin, ta taimaka wajen fadada karfin tashe-tashen hankula na kasashen Afirka da ke fuskantar sake gini.<ref name=":23">{{Cite web|url=https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|title=Thelma Ekiyor|website=Rising Leadership Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203232323/https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A shekara ta 2005, Ekiyor da Razaan Bailey sun rubuta rahoto kan aikin sauya fasalin gidan yari (PTP), wanda ake kira ''"Promoting Restorative Justice in South Africa's Correctional Services"'', wanda ya shafi ra'ayoyin kasa da kasa kan jigogin dawo da adalci.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Promoting Restorative Justice in South Africa's Correctional Services|url=https://www.africaportal.org/publications/promoting-restorative-justice-south-africas-correctional-services/|last1=Bailey|first1=Razaan|last2=Ekiyor|first2=Thelma|date=2005-10-03|website=Africa Portal|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> A shekara ta 2006, Ekiyor da Noria Mashumba sun rubuta rahoton taron karawa juna sani kan manufofin da ake kira "''The Peace-building role of Civil Society in Central Africa''". A wurin taron karawa juna sani, Ekiyor ya gabatar da jawabi a wurin zaman Mata da Tsarin Zaman Lafiya, mai taken ''"The Role of Civil Society in Implementing International and Regional Frameworks on Women, Peace and Security"''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Peace-building role of Civil Society in Central Africa|url=https://www.africaportal.org/publications/peace-building-role-civil-society-central-africa/|last1=Ekiyor|first1=Thelma|last2=Mashumba|first2=Noria|date=2006-04-03|website=Africa Portal|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> Bayan ta yi aiki a CCR, Ekiyor ta zama Babban Darakta na Cibiyar Yammacin Afirka ta Yammacin Afirka (WASCI), da ke Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=GINKS ICT4D stories in Ghana: Interview with Thelma Ekiyor of WACSI|url=http://ginks.blogspot.com/2007/11/interview-with-thema-ekiyor-of-wacsi.html|last=Ginks|date=2007-11-09|website=GINKS ICT4D stories in Ghana|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wipsen-africa.org/wipsen/who/founders/|title=Founders|website=www.wipsen-africa.org|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> Ta taimaka ta kafa alaƙa tsakanin masu ba da tallafi da ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma ta ƙirƙiro da dabarun haɓaka civilungiyar farar hula ta WASCI da kuma dandalin Tasirin Manufofi.<ref name=":24">{{Cite web|url=https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|title=Thelma Ekiyor|website=Rising Leadership Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203232323/https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A wajen Afirka, Ekiyor tana zaune ne a kan Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Cibiyar Ba da Tallafin Mata (WEC) da kuma ''Rising Leadership Foundation''.<ref name=":25">{{Cite web|url=https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|title=Thelma Ekiyor|website=Rising Leadership Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203232323/https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Thelma Ekiyor|url=https://www.concordia.net/community/thelma-ekiyor/|website=Concordia|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> Ita ma a yanzu haka memba ce ta ALL ON, wanda kamfanin Shell ya kafa kuma asusun tallafi ne na sabunta makamashi a Afirka ta Yamma.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web|title=Thelma Ekiyor|url=https://www.concordia.net/community/thelma-ekiyor/|website=Concordia|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref name=":26">{{Cite web|url=https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|title=Thelma Ekiyor|website=Rising Leadership Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203232323/https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Matan Afirka a cikin gina zaman lafiya === Daga shekarar 2001 zuwa 2005, Ekiyor ya kasance Daraktan Shirye-shirye na Cibiyar Sadarwar Afirka ta Yamma (WANEP).<ref name=":28">{{Cite web|url=https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|title=Thelma Ekiyor|website=Rising Leadership Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203232323/https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":04">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wipsen-africa.org/wipsen/who/founders/|title=Founders|website=www.wipsen-africa.org|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> Bayan yakin basasa da yawa a cikin kasashen Afirka ta Yamma a cikin 1990s, an kafa WANEP a 1998. Kungiyar ta mai da hankali kan haɗin gwiwar rigakafi da gina zaman lafiya, tana ba da kwasa-kwasan kan waɗannan batutuwan, da kawance da sauran 'yan wasan da fatan kafa "dandalin tattaunawa", da dorewar zaman lafiya da ci gaba a yankin.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About-Us|url=https://www.wanep.org/wanep/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=7&Itemid=11|website=www.wanep.org|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref> Ta hanyar alakarta da WANEP, Ekiyor ta sami tallafi da kudade don tunaninta na kirkirar kungiyar matan Afirka da za ta mai da hankali ga mata wadanda za su mayar da hankali kan sanya mata cikin zaman lafiya da shawarwari. Bin hanyar ''UNSC Resolution'' mai lamba 1325, Ekiyor ta yi fatan cewa wannan kungiyar za ta taimaka wajen samar da canji na hakika da kuma ba da damar jin muryoyin mata.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/109 109]|oclc=833132672}}</ref> A shekara ta 2001, ra'ayin Ekiyor ta zama kungiyar Mata masu gina zaman lafiya (WIPNET), wacce ta yi bikin kaddamar da ita a Accra, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women in Peacebuilding (WIPNET)|url=https://www.wanep.org/wanep/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8:women-in-peacebuilding-wipnet&catid=10:wipnet&Itemid=20|website=www.wanep.org|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/109 109]–112|oclc=833132672}}</ref> WIPNET na aiki don inganta zaman lafiyar mata da kuma damar sake gina rikice-rikice a Afirka ta Yamma.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women in Peacebuilding (WIPNET)|url=https://www.wanep.org/wanep/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8:women-in-peacebuilding-wipnet&catid=10:wipnet&Itemid=20|website=www.wanep.org|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref> A lokacin ƙaddamar da WIPNET, Ekiyor da kanta ta rubuta littafin horo na mai shiryawa wanda ya haɗa da atisayen da aka tsara don ƙarfafawa, shiga, da ilimantar da mata.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/112 112]|oclc=833132672}}</ref> A cikin tarihinta na shekarar 2011, ''Mighty Be Our Powers'', Leymah Gbowee ta bayyana cewa "tun daga farko, WIPNET ta kasance jaririn Thelma. Ta kawo ra'ayin ga WANEP kuma ta haɗu da rukunin horo na farko, kuma littafin gina zaman lafiya da ta dogara da shi lokacin da ta koya mana - littafin da ke cike da darussan da ake amfani da su a yanzu a cikin duk lokacin sasanta rikici - wani abu ne da ta yi aiki a kai. na shekaru."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/188 188]|oclc=833132672}}</ref> A cikin 2006, Ekiyor ta kirkiro kungiyar Mata ta ''Peace and Security Network Africa (WIPSEN-A).'' Tare da Leymah Gbowee da Ecoma Alaga, ta yi fatan canza WIPNET zuwa wata kungiya wacce ke gudanar da ayyukanta ba tare da kungiyar WANEP ba, ta yadda shirin ba zai zama "hanyar sadarwar mata ta maza ba".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/187 187]|oclc=833132672}}</ref> Sun kuma yi fatan fadadawa da kara dorewar shirin ta hanyar fadada hanyoyin sadarwa a duk fadin Afirka da kuma hada kan 'yan matan da ke kasa da su.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/188 188]|oclc=833132672}}</ref> == Karfafawa mata kudi a Afirka == Ekiyor ita ce ta kirkiro da kuma Shugabar Kamfanin Afrigrants Resources, kungiyar da ke mayar da hankali kan nemo hanyoyin kasuwanci da ke magance matsalolin zamantakewa, tare da mai da hankali kan ci gaban kasa da hada mata kudi.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|url=https://afrigrants.com/meet-the-ceo/|title=Meet The CEO|last=Afrigrants|website=Afrigrants|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2020-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320022507/https://afrigrants.com/meet-the-ceo/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A Afrigrant, Ekiyor ya tsara Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Mata, shiri wanda ke ba da rance ga mata.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Financial inclusion of women|url=http://afrigrants.com/financial-inclusion-of-women/|last=Afrigrants|website=Afrigrants|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref name=":33">{{Cite web|title=Thelma Ekiyor|url=https://www.concordia.net/community/thelma-ekiyor/|website=Concordia|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> A cikin 2017, Ekiyor ta kafa ''Funding Space'', wanda ake nufi don taimaka wa 'yan kasuwa masu taimakon zamantakewar al'umma a Afirka ta Yamma su sami horo da kuma damar yin amfani da hanyoyin hadahadar kuɗi. A Funding Space, Ekiyor ta kirkiro asusun Ebi, wanda ta kebanci mata yan kasuwa.<ref name=":27">{{Cite web|url=https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|title=Thelma Ekiyor|website=Rising Leadership Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203232323/https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|url-status=dead}}</ref>Ekiyor ta kuma kasance Manajan Darakta a SME.NG, Tsarin Tasirin Zuba Jarin Najeriyar, wanda kuma ke samar da kudade ga mata masu kasuwanci.<ref name=":34">{{Cite web|title=Thelma Ekiyor|url=https://www.concordia.net/community/thelma-ekiyor/|website=Concordia|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Thelma Ekiyor appointed NACCIMA's MSME chairperson|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/2386449347|last=|first=|date=2020-04-06|website=Vanguard|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> Ekiyor ta kuma kasance mai ba da shawara kan dabarun Siyasa ga [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] Matan Najeriya,<ref name=":29">{{Cite web|url=https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|title=Thelma Ekiyor|website=Rising Leadership Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2021-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203232323/https://risingleader.org/board/thelma-ekiyor/|url-status=dead}}</ref> sannan kuma babbar mai ba da shawara ga Tarayyar Afirka,<ref name=":14">{{Cite web|url=https://afrigrants.com/meet-the-ceo/|title=Meet The CEO|last=Afrigrants|website=Afrigrants|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2020-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320022507/https://afrigrants.com/meet-the-ceo/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":05">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wipsen-africa.org/wipsen/who/founders/|title=Founders|website=www.wipsen-africa.org|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> ECA, IGAD, and ECOWAS. A shekarar 2010, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta mata ta bukaci hadin kai tsakanin kungiyoyin farar hula, kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, da gwamnatoci domin cimma burin ci gaba mai dorewa (SDG) 5, wanda ke ingiza daidaito tsakanin maza da mata da kuma karfafa mata. Ekiyor ta yi magana game da mahimmancin dogon lokaci da maƙasudai masu ɗorewa, kamar yadda ta bayyana imanin ta cewa saka hannun jari a cikin mata yana taimakawa faɗaɗa ci gaban al'umma, tana mai cewa "saka hannun jari a SDG-5 zai saukaka aiwatar da dukkan SDGs a Najeriya, wanda kuma zai inganta kasuwanci da manufofin tattalin arziki".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Female Devt: UN Women seeks partnership|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/01/female-devt-un-women-seeks-partnership/|date=2018-01-24|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> A wata ganawa tsakanin wakilai daga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Tarayyar Afirka a shekarar 2017, Ekiyor ta bayyana cewa "[sun] samar da sila a cikin aminci da tsaro, amma 'yancin tattalin arziki alama ce ta zaman lafiya da tsaro," jawo hankali ga imanin ta game da mahimmancin saka mata a cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da kuma tattaunawa game da zaman lafiya da tsaro.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women and girls heartened to establish sustainable social and economic re-integration interventions|url=https://africa.unwomen.org/en/news-and-events/stories/2017/07/women-and-girls-heartened-to-establish-sustainable-social-and-economic-re-integration-interventions|website=UN Women {{!}} Africa|language=en|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> == Najeriya == A shekarar 2010, an nada Ekiyor a matsayin Babban Darakta na farko na Gidauniyar TY Danjuma (TYDF), wacce ke mai da hankali kan inganta hanyoyin samun lafiya da ilimi ga wadanda ke zaune a [[Jahar Taraba|jihar Taraba]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=TY Danjuma Foundation Appoints Thelma Ekiyor As First Executive Director – Press Releases on CSRwire.com|url=https://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/28470-TY-Danjuma-Foundation-Appoints-Thelma-Ekiyor-As-First-Executive-Director|website=www.csrwire.com|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2020-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320022508/https://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/28470-TY-Danjuma-Foundation-Appoints-Thelma-Ekiyor-As-First-Executive-Director|url-status=dead}}</ref> wani yanki a Arewa maso Gabashin Najeriya. A cikin 2011, TYDF ta ƙaddamar da aikin makarantar al'umma wanda zai kafa makarantar sakandare ta farko a Fulatara, wata al'umma a jihar Bauchi, Najeriya. A yayin kaddamarwar, Ekiyor ta bayyana cewa "za a iya samun ci gaban ilimi ne ta hanyar hadin kan al'umma tare da bayar da damar jagorancin gwamnati," sannan ta jaddada mahimmancin yin rajistar 'yan mata.<ref>{{Cite web|title=TY Danjuma Foundation Commissions School Project|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/884352245|last=|first=|date=2011-08-19|website=All Africa|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2020, Ekiyor ya zama shugaban kungiyar kanana, kanana da matsakaita-matsakaitan kasuwanci na Kungiyar ofungiyar Kasuwancin [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]], Masana'antu, Ma'adanai da Noma (NACCIMA).<ref name=":42">{{Cite web|title=Thelma Ekiyor appointed NACCIMA's MSME chairperson|url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/2386449347|last=|first=|date=2020-04-06|website=Vanguard|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref name=":35">{{Cite web|title=Thelma Ekiyor|url=https://www.concordia.net/community/thelma-ekiyor/|website=Concordia|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> A cikin wannan rawar, Ekiyor za ta yi aiki tare da ƙananan 'yan kasuwa da nufin inganta ƙwarewar su da kuma fa'idantar da tattalin arzikin Nijeriya gaba ɗaya. == Laberiya == A wani taron WANEP da aka yi a Ghana a shekarar 2000, Ekiyor ta hadu da Leymah Gbowee,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/107 107]|oclc=833132672}}</ref> wacce ta samu lambar yabo ta Nobel ta shekarar 2011 wacce ita ce jigon tafiyar don sanya mata cikin sasantawar yakin basasa na biyu na Laberiya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Nobel Peace Prize 2011|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2011/gbowee/biographical/|website=NobelPrize.org|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-11}}</ref> Ekiyor ta ƙarfafa, ta ba da shawara, kuma ta yi aiki tare da Leymah Gbowee a yayin wannan aikin, kuma matan biyu sun kusanci juna. A cikin tarihinta na shekarar 2011, Gbowee ya rubuta cewa "Thelma ba abokina ba ne kawai; 'yar uwata ce, tagwaye na, inuwar kaina, kuma wani wanda ya fahimci bangaren siyasa na a cikin hanyar da ba wani ba."<ref name=":52">{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/108 108]|oclc=833132672}}</ref> Bayan kafa WIPNET, sai Ekiyor ta nada Gbowee a matsayin mai kula da babin WIPNET na Laberiya.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gbowee, Leymah.|title=Mighty be our powers : how sisterhood, prayer, and sex changed a nation at war : a memoir|year=2013|url=https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3|publisher=|isbn=978-0-9842951-9-7|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mightybeourpower0000gbow_d6p3/page/114 114]|oclc=833132672}}</ref> Matan biyu sun ci gaba da aiki tare daga baya lokacin da suka kafa WIPSEN-Afirka a 2006.<ref name=":06">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wipsen-africa.org/wipsen/who/founders/|title=Founders|website=www.wipsen-africa.org|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> == Lambobin yabo == A shekarar 2015, an zabe Ekiyor ne don lambar yabo ta Shugabannin Pan Afrika a matsayin mai kiyaye zaman lafiya da tsaro. lambar yabo ta shekara-shekara, wanda Cibiyar Dimokiradiyya ta Afirka (ADI) ta bayar, ta bi taken Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UN) don Ranar Taimako ta Duniya don zaɓar waɗanda ke ba da ƙarfin ɗan adam. == Nassoshi == {{DEFAULTSORT:Ekiyor, Thelma}} jmtx2jpix752cz4pmb3knoswe6g2ifn 0 15254 974994 973716 2026-11-01T19:50:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chidinma Nkeruka Okeke''' (an haife ta ne a ranar 11 ga watan Agustan shekarar 2000)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/chidinma-nkeruka-okeke/463896/|title=Chidinma Okeke|website=Soccerway|access-date=3 June 2019}}</ref> ta kasance yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Nijeriya wacce ke buga wa Kungiyar kwallon kafa na Real Madrid CF wasa .Ta taba kasancewa a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta FC Robo a gasar Firimiya ta Mata ta Najeriya, sannan kuma ta taba yi wa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya wasa . Tana daga cikin 'yan wasan Najeriya da suka lashe Kofin Matan WAFU na shekarar 2019 a [[Côte d'Ivoire|Ivory Coast]] . ta kasance kuma sananniya a fannin kwallan kafa na duniya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecable.ng/falcons-edge-ivory-coast-on-penalties-to-win-first-wafu-cup|title=Falcons edge Ivory Coast on penalties to win first WAFU Cup|website=The Cable|access-date=3 June 2019}}</ref> == Kariyan kwallo == A cikin shekarar 2016, Okeke ya wakilci kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta matasa 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta mata' yan kasa da shekaru 17 .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/sports/football/211185-nigeria-names-squad-fifa-u-17-womens-world-cup.html|title=Nigeria names squad for FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup|date=1 September 2016|access-date=3 June 2019}}</ref> A shekarar 2017, ta sha kashi a hannun [[Rasheedat Ajibade]] a wasan karshe na rukunin mata na gasar kwallon kafa ta Nigeria Freestyle Football.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cityvoiceng.com/mccarthy-obanor-rasheedat-ojubade-emerge-nigeria-freestyle-football-champions/|title=McCarthy Obanor, Rasheedat Ajibade emerge Nigeria Freestyle Football Champions|access-date=3 June 2019|archive-date=3 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603174326/https://cityvoiceng.com/mccarthy-obanor-rasheedat-ojubade-emerge-nigeria-freestyle-football-champions/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Yulin shekarar 2018, Kocin Christopher Danjuma ya sanya mata suna cikin jerin 'yan wasan karshe na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata' yan kasa da shekaru 20 da ke buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/sport/danjuma-picks-final-squad-for-fifa-u-20-women-world-cup/|title=Danjuma picks final squad for FIFA U-20 Women World Cup|website=Guardian|access-date=3 June 2019|archive-date=3 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603150921/https://guardian.ng/sport/danjuma-picks-final-squad-for-fifa-u-20-women-world-cup/|url-status=dead}}</ref>. A gasar cin kofin mata ta WAFU na shekarar 2019, Okeke ya kasance a kan kwallaye yayin da kungiyar Najeriya ta doke Nijer don samun nasarar zuwa wasan kusa dana karshe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/super-falcons-thrash-niger-15-0-to-reach-semifinals-of-2019-wafu-womens-cup/25m0ytj|title=Super Falcons thrash Niger 15-0 to reach semifinals of 2019 WAFU Women's Cup|last=Steve|first=Dede|date=12 May 2019|website=Pulse|access-date=3 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721170849/https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/super-falcons-thrash-niger-15-0-to-reach-semifinals-of-2019-wafu-womens-cup/25m0ytj|archive-date=21 July 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>"Paris 2024 Olympics: Waldrum picks Ajibade, Nnadozie, Oshoala, 15 others". thenff.com. Nigeria Football Federation. 3 July 2024</ref> An kuma sanya ta a cikin tawagar Najeriya don 2019 FIFA World Cup Kofin Duniya .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/evelyn-nwabuoku-chidinma-okeke-top-surprise-names-on/489ip4e0yu1d1689ecvg782ze|title=Evelyn Nwabuoku and Chidinma Okeke top surprise names on Nigeria's Women's World Cup squad|website=Goal.com|access-date=3 June 2019}}</ref><ref>Steve, Dede (12 May 2019). "Super Falcons thrash Niger 15–0 to reach semifinals of 2019 WAFU Women's Cup". Pulse Nigeria. Retrieved 3 June 2019.</ref> A watan Agusta shekarar 2019, Okeke ya sanya hannu kan Madrid CFF a cikin Spanish Primera División, kuma ya fara buga wasan farko na farko a karawar da suka yi da Real Betis a ranar 8 ga watan Satumba shekara ta 2019.<ref>Nigeria names squad for FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup". ''Premium Times''. 1 September 2016. Retrieved 3 June 2019.</ref><ref>"Danjuma picks final squad for FIFA U-20 Women World Cup". The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. 27 July 2018. Retrieved 3 June 2019</ref><ref>"Evelyn Nwabuoku and Chidinma Okeke top surprise names on Nigeria's Women's World Cup squad". Goal.com. Retrieved 3 June 2019</ref> == <ref>Steve, Dede (12 May 2019). "Super Falcons thrash Niger 15–0 to reach semifinals of 2019 WAFU Women's Cup". Pulse Nigeria. Retrieved 3 June 2019.</ref>Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mata]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Yan wasan kwallan kafa]] [[Category:Ƴan Najeriya]] [[Category:Mata yan kwallon kafa]] [[Category:Haihuwan 2000]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] aa5ol6sh6rdltq3mk6wizwg2pmmckh1 0 15879 975151 444866 2026-11-02T10:53:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Modupeola "Dupsy" Abiola''' (an haife ta ne a watan Maris na 1982) ta kasan ce yar asalin Birtaniyya ne-yar Najeriyar (ba ya yin aiki) lauya, 'yar kasuwa. Ita ce Jami'iyar Innovation na Duniya na Airlinesungiyar Jirgin Sama ta Duniya (IAG). <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.travolution.com/articles/105745/iag-appoints-dupsy-abiola-as-global-innovation-chief |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2020-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228100931/https://travolution.com/articles/105745/iag-appoints-dupsy-abiola-as-global-innovation-chief |archive-date=2021-02-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>https://www.weforum.org/people/dupsy-abiola</ref> Ita ce mai kafa da Shugaba na Internent Avenue, wani gidan yanar sadarwar yanar gizo wanda aka tsara don haɗa ma'aikata da ɗalibai da masu digiri. Dupsy ya fito a cikin Thomson Reuters Power List wanda aka lasafta shi a matsayin daya daga cikin mata bakar fata mata masu matukar tasiri a Burtaniya a 2013. An bayyana ta a cikin jaridu da talabijin waɗanda suka shafi ɗaukar ma'aikata, kasuwanci, da kuma neman kasuwanci. Ta kasance a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin goma na BBC na ''Dragons 'Den'', don jawo hankalin tayin saka hannun jari daga attajirin dan kasuwar, Peter Jones. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Dupsy Abiola a Landan, Ingila. Ita 'yar Cif [[Moshood Abiola|MKO Abiola]], mai mallaka a tsarin tsarin mulkin Najeriya, da Dele Abiola, ɗaya daga cikin matansa. Mahaifinta shahararre ne kuma hamshakin attajirin dan kasuwar Najeriya kuma mai taimakon jama’a. Dupsy ta girma tare da mahaifiyarta da 'yan uwanta biyar a Arewacin London. Tana da halfan uwa rabin waɗanda suke da ƙarancin hulɗa da su. Yana dan shekara tara, Dupsy da kansa ya kafa kasuwanci da kerawa da sayar da mujallu na Tantancewa tare da wani abokinsa a makaranta don samun "ingantaccen riba". MKO Abiola ta kasance mai matukar tasiri a sha'awar ta na kasuwanci. == Rayuwar iyali == Mahaifin Dupsy, na 14 Aare Ona Kakanfo na Yarbawa, ya zama mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a da dimokiradiyya kuma ya ci zaben shugaban kasa na farko mai 'yanci da demokradiyya a Najeriya a watan Yunin 1993 . Bayan wannan sakamakon, gwamnatin mulkin soja ta ki ta bar mulki ta kuma ayyana soke shi. Cif Abiola daga baya an sanya shi a tsare har abada kuma an hana shi hulɗa da waje (ciki har da danginsa). Tsare shi ya haifar da fushin kasa da na duniya. Magoya bayansa da dama - ciki har da sakatare-janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kuma wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel, [[Kofi Annan]] - sun yi yunkurin ganin an sako shugaban. An yi zanga-zanga mai yawa da kisan gilla na siyasa, gami da manyan masu rajin kare hakkin jama'a da dangin Abiola. MKO Abiola ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani a ranar da aka yi niyyar sake shi a ranar 7 ga watan Yulin 1998 lokacin da Dupsy ya kasance sha shida. Yanayin da ke tattare da rasuwar mahaifinta ya kasance mata mai matukar wahala da damuwa. == Ilimi == Duk da rikicewar tarbiyya, Dupsy ɗaliba ne mai hazaka wanda ta karɓi kyaututtukan ilimi da kyaututtuka ciki har da Frederica Lord Bursary da kuma International Scholarship Speech International Union. Dupsy ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta kudu Hampstead don makarantar sakandare sannan kuma ta ci gaba da karanta doka a New College, Oxford . Ta kasance zababben memban kwamitin JCR, kuma mai magana da yawun jama'a, kuma mai muhawara a kan shari'a. A cikin 2004, mai zanen zamani, Tom Ford ya ware Dupsy a yayin wani taron a Oxford Union, wanda ya katse jawabinsa don yaba kyawunta da yanayin suturarta. == Ayyuka == === Aikin doka === Bayan kammala jami'a, Dupsy ta sami lambar yabo ta Denning Scholarship da Eastham ta Honorable Society of Lincoln's Inn kuma ta fara aikinta a Bar. Ta halarci Inns of Court School of Law kuma an kira ta a mashaya a 2006. Dupsy ta koma aiki ne mai zaman kanta a matsayin lauya bayan ta kammala karatun ta a 22 Old Buildings. Ta yi aiki a kan wasu batutuwa masu rikitarwa da manyan martaba, gami da shiga cikin shari'ar Wembley. === Internation Avenue === Dupsy ta bar aikinta na lauya don kirkirar Intern Avenue a karshen shekarar 2010, wanda shine babban aikinta na farko a harkar kasuwanci. Internationvenue a bainar jama'a an ƙaddamar da shi a cikin Autumn 2012. An haɓaka Intern Avenue a Landan wanda ya fara haɓaka yanayin fasahar ba da gudummawa. Shafin ya samu karbuwa sosai kuma ya buga shi ta hanyar kafafen yada labarai da fasaha na kasar ciki harda Wired . A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2018, an sanya Abiola cikin jerin sunayen 'Manyan shugabannin kabilu marasa rinjaye 100 na kere-kere a fagen kere kere' na jaridar Financial Times . ' === Rukunin Jirgin Sama na Kasa da Kasa === A watan Janairun 2018, an nada ta a matsayin Babbar Shugaban Kirkirar Duniya a Kamfanin Jirgin Sama na Kasa da Kasa . <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.travolution.com/articles/105745/iag-appoints-dupsy-abiola-as-global-innovation-chief |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2020-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228100931/https://travolution.com/articles/105745/iag-appoints-dupsy-abiola-as-global-innovation-chief |archive-date=2021-02-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>https://www.weforum.org/people/dupsy-abiola</ref> == Talabijan da liyafar == Dupsy ta bayyana a Channel na Hudu a watan Fabrairun 2012 inda yake tattaunawa game da kasuwanci tare da Ministan Kasuwanci, Mark Prisk MP. A 7 Oktoba 2012, Dupsy kafa ta kasuwanci a episode 5, Series 10 na BBC ''dodanni 'Den'' kuma ta bayyana a mika BBC fim a kan "Psychology na Nasara farar". Masu hannu da shuni, Peter Jones da Hilary Devey ne suka ba ta goyon baya. Intern Avenue ta zama kasuwancin daukar ma'aikata na farko don samun nasarar hawa kan ''Dragons 'Den'' tun kafuwar sa a 2004. Peter Jones ya bayyana ta a matsayin "hamshakiyar 'yar kasuwa a fagen fama" kuma cewa matakanta ya kasance "kwarai". == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} [[Category:Mata]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:Ƴan Najeriya]] g8tvhcxfozukfm91tcjxj2eg2b3jqot 0 16959 974879 969642 2026-11-01T16:10:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Temperature_Bar_Chart_Africa--1901-2020--2021-07-14.png|thumb|Hoton da ke nuna [[Yanayin yanayin duniya|canjin zafin jiki]] a Afirka tsakanin 1901 da 2021, tare da ja yana da dumi kuma shuɗi yana da sanyi fiye da matsakaici (An ɗauki matsakaicin zafin jiki yayin 1971-2000 a matsayin ma'anar waɗannan canje-canje.) ]] '''Canjin yanayi a Afirka''' babbar barazana ce saboda yankin Afirka na ɗaya daga cikin yankuna [[Lalacewar canjin yanayi|mai rauni]] ga [[tasirin canjin yanayi]] na duniya, duk da cewa ba da gudummawa mafi ƙanƙanta ga haifar da shi. Canjin yanayi yana haifar da yanayin ruwan sama mara kyau, abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi masu tsanani ciki har da [[fari]], [[Ambaliya|ambaliyar ruwa]], da hauhawar yanayin zafi a Afirka. Wadannan canje-canje suna barazana ga tsaro na [[Tsaron abinci|abinci]] da ruwa, bambancin halittu, [[lafiyar jama'a]], da Ci gaban tattalin arziki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=United Nations |first=UNEP |date=2017 |title=Responding to climate change |url=http://www.unep.org/regions/africa/regional-initiatives/responding-climate-change |access-date=2022-07-01 |website=UNEP – UN Environment Programme |language=en}}</ref> Afirka a halin yanzu tana dumama da sauri fiye da sauran duniya a matsakaici.<ref>{{Cite web |last=World Meterological Organization |date=2024-09-02 |title=Africa faces disproportionate burden from climate change and adaptation costs |url=https://wmo.int/news/media-centre/africa-faces-disproportionate-burden-from-climate-change-and-adaptation-costs |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=World Meteorological Organization |language=en}}</refSaunyi yanayi yana ƙara taɓarɓarewar tattalin arziki a yanzu. Manyan sassan al'ummar Afirka sun dogara ne da rayuwar da ke da alaƙa da yanayi kamar noma (kashi 55 - 62% na ma'aikata a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara) kuma sun riga sun rayu cikin talauci, wanda hakan ke ƙara tsananta musu ga girgizar ƙasa. Sakamakon lafiya ya ƙara ta'azzara yayin da damuwa ta zafi, cututtuka masu yaɗuwa (kamar malaria da dengue ), da rashin abinci mai gina jiki suka zama ruwan dare. Fiye da rabi (56%) na sama da abubuwan da suka faru na kiwon lafiyar jama'a 2,000 da aka yi rikodin su a Afirka tsakanin 2001 da 2021 suna da alaƙa da sauyin yanayi. Karancin albarkatu yana taimakawa wajen ƙaura da rikici, musamman a yankuna masu rauni. Yankunan birane, waɗanda galibi ake siffanta su da matsugunan da ba na yau da kullun ba, suna fuskantar ƙarin haɗari daga ambaliya da zafi mai tsanani. [[Noma|Aikin noma]] yana daya daga cikin bangarorin da suka fi rauni, kamar yadda yawancin manoman Afirka suka dogara da amfanin gona mai Ruwan sama. Ragewa da ruwan sama mara tabbas, haɗe da yanayin zafi mafi girma, yana fitar da asarar danshi na ƙasa, [[Desertification in Africa|hamada]] (musamman a cikin [[Sahara]]) da kuma canza wuraren da suka dace. Wadannan canje-canje sun rage yawan amfanin gona, suna lalata tsaron abinci da kuma kara yunwa. Lafiyar Dabbobi tana ƙara lalacewa ta hanyar damuwa ta zafi da sauya yanayin cututtukan. Tsarin halittu na bakin teku da na ruwa suna fuskantar teku mai zafi da kuma matakan da ke tashi, wanda ke barazana ga kamun kifi da kuma yawan jama'a a bakin teku.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fonjong |first=Lotsmart |last2=Matose |first2=Frank |last3=Sonnenfeld |first3=David A. |date=2024-12-01 |title=Climate change in Africa: Impacts, adaptation, and policy responses |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095937802400116X |journal=Global Environmental Change |volume=89 |bibcode=2024GEC....8902912F |doi=10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2024.102912 |issn=0959-3780}}</ref> Sakamakon tattalin arziki na canjin yanayi yana da tsanani. A matsakaita ƙasashen Afirka suna fuskantar asarar da ke da alaƙa da yanayi wanda ya kai 2 zuwa 5% na GDP a kowace shekara, yayin da farashin [[Daidaituwar canjin yanayi|daidaitawa]] a [[yankin Saharar Afirka]] ana hasashen a dala biliyan 30-50 a kowace shekara a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa. Wannan yana barazanar samun ci gaba kuma yana matsa lamba ga gwamnatoci da cibiyoyin kasa da kasa don tattara kudaden yanayi. Shirye-shiryen daidaita yanayin yanayi na Afirka suna mai da hankali kan gina juriya ta hanyar [[Yanayin gona mai kyau|Aikin noma mai basira]], [[Ma'adanai na ruwa|Gudanar da ruwa]] mai ɗorewa, kiyaye yanayin halittu, da ƙarfafa tsarin kiwon lafiya da ababen more rayuwa. Wadannan hanyoyin suna ba da fifiko ga inganta shugabanci, tattara kudade da saka hannun jari na yanayi, da kuma inganta shiga cikin al'umma don magance matsalar gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tadesse |first=Debay |date=1 December 2010 |title=The impact of climate change in Africa |url=https://issafrica.org/research/papers/the-impact-of-climate-change-in-africa |access-date=2025-09-16 |website=ISS Africa |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Badji |first=Arfang |last2=Ibanda |first2=Angele |last3=Akello |first3=Sarah |last4=Ekwamu |first4=Adipala |date=2022 |title=Climate change impacts and adaptation strategies in Africa: Selected case studies |url=https://afjrdev.org/index.php/jos/article/view/410 |journal=African Journal of Rural Development |language=en |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=209–274 |issn=2415-2838}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ngongolo |first=Kelvin |last2=Gayo |first2=Leopody |date=2025-05-21 |title=Climate change impacts and mitigation strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa's livestock production sector. A brief review |journal=Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice |language=English |volume=15 |bibcode=2025PRPP...1514225N |doi=10.3389/past.2025.14225 |issn=2041-7136 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tsarin nahiyoyi da na kasa suna jaddada hadin gwiwar bangarori da yawa, tallafin fasaha, da haɓaka iyawa don tallafawa ci gaba mai ɗorewa da rage [[Hadarin sauyin|Hadarin yanayi]]. == Rashin iskar gas == Rashin iskar gas mai guba a Afirka ga kowane mutum yana da ƙarancin gaske idan aka kwatanta da sauran nahiyoyi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fact sheet - Africa |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/outreach/IPCC_AR6_WGII_FactSheet_Africa.pdf |access-date=4 August 2024}}</ref> Rashin fitarwa daga [[Amfani da Ƙasa|canjin amfani da ƙasa]] ba shi da tabbas, musamman a [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Afirka ta Tsakiya]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Mostefaoui |first=Mounia |last2=Ciais |first2=Philippe |last3=McGrath |first3=Matthew J. |last4=Peylin |first4=Philippe |last5=Patra |first5=Prabir K. |last6=Ernst |first6=Yolandi |date=2024-01-11 |title=Greenhouse gas emissions and their trends over the last 3 decades across Africa |url=https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/16/245/2024/ |journal=Earth System Science Data |language=en |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=245–275 |bibcode=2024ESSD...16..245M |doi=10.5194/essd-16-245-2024 |issn=1866-3516 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Babban tushen rashin tabbas ya fito ne daga kwararar carbon dioxide a cikin sashin LULUCF (wannan acronym yana tsaye ne don amfani da ƙasa, canjin amfani da ƙasa. <ref name=":0" /> == Tasiri == === Sauye-sauyen yanayi da zafin sarari === {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | total_width = 300 | image1 = Koppen-Geiger Map v2 Africa 1991–2020.svg | caption1 = Taswirar rarrabuwar yanayi ta Köppen ga Afirka daga 1991–2020 | image2 = Koppen-Geiger Map Africa future.svg | caption2 = Taswirar 2071–2100 a ƙarƙashin mafi tsananin yanayin sauyin yanayi (Representative Concentration Pathway). A halin yanzu ana ɗaukar yanayi mai matsakaicin tsanani a matsayin wanda ya fi yuwuwa.<ref name="HausfatherPeters2020">{{cite journal|last1=Hausfather|first1=Zeke|last2=Peters|first2=Glen|title=Emissions – the 'business as usual' story is misleading|journal=Nature|date=29 January 2020|volume=577|issue=7792|pages=618–20|doi=10.1038/d41586-020-00177-3|pmid=31996825|bibcode=2020Natur.577..618H|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Schuur2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Schuur |first1=Edward A.G. |last2=Abbott |first2=Benjamin W. |last3=Commane |first3=Roisin |last4=Ernakovich |first4=Jessica |last5=Euskirchen |first5=Eugenie |last6=Hugelius |first6=Gustaf |last7=Grosse |first7=Guido |last8=Jones |first8=Miriam |last9=Koven |first9=Charlie |last10=Leshyk |first10=Victor |last11=Lawrence |first11=David |last12=Loranty |first12=Michael M. |last13=Mauritz |first13=Marguerite |last14=Olefeldt |first14=David |last15=Natali |first15=Susan |last16=Rodenhizer |first16=Heidi |last17=Salmon |first17=Verity |last18=Schädel |first19=Christina |last120=Strauss |first20=Jens |last21=Treat |first21=Claire |last22=Turetsky |first22=Merritt |year=2022 |title=Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic |journal=Annual Review of Environment and Resources |volume=47 |pages=343–371 |doi=10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-011847 |quote="Medium-range estimates of Arctic carbon emissions could result from moderate climate emission mitigation policies that keep global warming below 3°C (e.g., RCP4.5). This global warming level most closely matches country emissions reduction pledges made for the Paris Climate Agreement..." |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022ARER...47..343S }}</ref><ref name="Phiddian2022">{{Cite web |last=Phiddian |first=Ellen |date=5 April 2022 |title=Explainer: IPCC Scenarios |url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ |website=Cosmos |access-date=30 September 2023 |quote="The IPCC doesn't make projections about which of these scenarios is more likely, but other researchers and modellers can. The Australian Academy of Science, for instance, released a report last year stating that our current emissions trajectory had us headed for a 3°C warmer world, roughly in line with the middle scenario. Climate Action Tracker predicts 2.5 to 2.9°C of warming based on current policies and action, with pledges and government agreements taking this to 2.1°C. |archive-date=20 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920224129/https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/climate/explainer-ipcc-scenarios/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} Yanayin zafin saman kasa da aka auna ya ƙaru gabaɗaya a faɗin Afirka tun daga ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 zuwa farkon ƙarni na 21 da kusan 1 °C, amma a wasu yankuna na cikin gida kamar yankin Sahel ya kai har 3 °C ga mafi ƙarancin zafi a ƙarshen lokacin rani.<ref name="IRD-2017">{{Cite book |title=Rural societies in the face of climatic and environmental changes in West Africa |date=2017 |publisher=IRD éditions |isbn=978-2-7099-2424-5 |location=Marseille |oclc=1034784045 |id=Impr. Jouve}}</ref> Ɗumamar Afirka ta ƙaru da +0.3 C daga 1991 zuwa 2021 idan aka kwatanta da +0.2 tsakanin 1961 zuwa 1910. An yi ƙiyasin cewa nan da shekara ta 2030, mutanen Afirka za su fuskanci hauhawar matakin teku sakamakon ƙaruwar zafin yanayi. Wannan kuma zai haifar da raguwar amfanin gona da albarkatun gona<ref>{{Cite book |last=Engel |first=Ulf |title=Yearbook on the African Union Volume 3 (2022) |date=2024 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-68308-2 |editor-last=Engel |editor-first=Ulf |location=Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar}}</ref>. Yanayin ruwan sama da aka auna yana nuna bambance-bambance ta fannin guri da lokaci kamar yadda aka saba tsammani.<ref name="Collins-2011">{{cite journal |last1=Collins |first1=Jennifer M. |date=15 July 2011 |title=Temperature Variability over Africa |journal=Journal of Climate |volume=24 |issue=14 |pages=3649–3666 |bibcode=2011JCli...24.3649C |doi=10.1175/2011JCLI3753.1 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Niang-2014">Niang, I.; O. C. Ruppel; M. A. Abdrabo; A. Essel; C. Lennard; J. Padgham, and P. Urquhart, 2014: Africa. In: ''Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability''. Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Barros, V. R.; C. B. Field; D. J. Dokken et al. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1199–1265. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-Chap22_FINAL.pdf</ref> Canje-canjen da aka gani a yanayin zafi da ruwan sama sun bambanta bisa ga yankuna.<ref name="Conway-2009">{{cite journal |last1=Conway |first1=Declan |last2=Persechino |first2=Aurelie |last3=Ardoin-Bardin |first3=Sandra |last4=Hamandawana |first4=Hamisai |last5=Dieulin |first5=Claudine |last6=Mahé |first6=Gil |date=February 2009 |title=Rainfall and Water Resources Variability in Sub-Saharan Africa during the Twentieth Century |journal=Journal of Hydrometeorology |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=41–59 |bibcode=2009JHyMe..10...41C |doi=10.1175/2008JHM1004.1 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Collins-2011" /> Tsarin yanayi na yanzu (kamar yadda aka taƙaita a cikin Rahoton Kimantawa na Shida na IPCC) yana hasashen ƙaruwar aukuwa da tsananin fari da kuma kwararar ruwan sama mai yawa.<ref name="Armstrong-2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Armstrong |first1=Andrew |last2=Dyer |first2=Ellen |last3=Koehler |first3=Johanna |last4=Hope |first4=Rob |date=2022 |title=Intra-seasonal rainfall and piped water revenue variability in rural Africa |journal=Global Environmental Change |language=en |volume=76 |article-number=102592 |doi=10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102592|doi-access=free|bibcode=2022GEC....7602592A }} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]</ref> Suna kuma hasashen raguwar matsakaicin ruwan sama kusan a ko'ina a Afirka, tare da tabbas mai matsakaici zuwa babba. Duk da haka, yanayin ruwan sama na cikin gida da mu'amalar zamantakewa da yanayi na iya bayyana a matsayin gauraye-gauraye. Saboda haka, haɗuwar tasirin sauyin yanayi zai bambanta a faɗin nahiyar. A yankunan karkara, yanayin ruwan sama yana yin tasiri ga amfani da ruwa.<ref name="Armstrong-2022" /> Wani bincike a shekarar 2019 ya hango ƙaruwar tsawon kwanaki marasa ruwa a lokacin damina da kuma ƙaruwar matsanancin ruwan sama a Afirka.<ref name="Kendon-2019">{{Cite journal |last1=Kendon |first1=Elizabeth J. |last2=Stratton |first2=Rachel A. |last3=Tucker |first3=Simon |last4=Marsham |first4=John H. |last5=Berthou |first5=Ségolène |last6=Rowell |first6=David P. |last7=Senior |first7=Catherine A. |date=2019 |title=Enhanced future changes in wet and dry extremes over Africa at convection-permitting scale |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |bibcode=2019NatCo..10.1794K |doi=10.1038/s41467-019-09776-9 |pmc=6478940 |pmid=31015416 |article-number=1794}}</ref> Ma'ana a takaice: "bangarori biyu na matsanancin yanayi na Afirka za su daɗa tsananta".<ref name="Weather Channel-2022">{{Cite news |title=More Extreme Weather in Africa's Future, Study Says |url=https://weather.com/news/climate/news/2019-06-18-africa-extreme-weather-drought-flood |access-date=2022-07-01 |work=The Weather Channel |language=en-US}}</ref> Binciken ya gano cewa yawancin tsarin yanayi ba za su iya hango girman waɗannan canje-canjen ba saboda ba su da damar ba da damar iska mai dumi ta tashi (convection) a ma'aunansu na grid masu faɗi.<ref name="Kendon-2019" /> === Hauhawar matakin teku === {{See also|Ambaliyar ruwa a Afirka}} [[File:Dar es Salaam (Aerial).jpg|thumb|Hoton babban birnin Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, ta sama]] A Afirka, haɓakar yawan jama'a a nan gaba yana ƙara haɗarin da ke tattare da hauhawar matakin teku. Kusan mutane miliyan 54.2 ne ke zaune a yankunan da ke da haɗari sosai na gaɓar teku masu ƙasankancin tudu (LECZ) a kusan shekarar 2000. Wannan adadin zai ninka kusan mutane miliyan 110 nan da shekarar 2030. Nan da shekarar 2060 kuma zai kai kusan mutane miliyan 185 zuwa 230, ya danganta da girman haɓakar yawan jama'a. Matsakaicin hauhawar matakin teku na yankin zai kasance kusan santimita 21 nan da shekarar 2060. A wannan gaba, yanayin sauyin yanayi ba zai kawo babban bambanci ba. Amma yanayin kasa na cikin gida da yanayin yawan jama'a suna yin mu'amala don ƙara fuskantar haɗari kamar ambaliyar ruwa ta shekaru 100 a cikin wata rikitacciyar hanya.<ref name="AR6_WGII_Chapter9" /> [[File:Abidjan des Lagune.jpg|thumb|Abidjan, cibiyar tattalin arzikin ƙasar Ivory Coast]] {| class="wikitable" |+Yawan jama'a a cikin filayen ambaliyar ruwa na shekaru 100.<ref name="AR6_WGII_Chapter9" /><ref group="T1">A cikin miliyoyin mutane. Shafi na biyu da na uku sun haɗa da duka tasirin haɓakar yawan jama'a da haɓakar girman filayen ambaliyar ruwa a wannan gaba.</ref> !|Ƙasa !|2000 !|2030 !|2060 !|Haɓakawa 2000–2060<ref group="T1">Ƙaruwar yawan jama'a a yankin da kuma mafi girman yanayin haɓakar yawan jama'a da za a iya samu.</ref> |- |Misra || 7.4 || 13.8 || 20.7 || 0.28 |- |Najeriya || 0.1 || 0.3 || 0.9 || 0.84 |- |Sanigal || 0.4 || 1.1 || 2.7 || 0.76 |- |Benin || 0.1 || 0.6 || 1.6 || 1.12 |- |Tanzania || 0.2 || 0.9 || 4.3 || 2.3 |- |Somaliya || 0.2 || 0.6 || 2.7 || 1.7 |- |Kuwayt Diwar (Ivory Coast) || 0.1 || 0.3 || 0.7 || 0.65 |- |Mozambik || 0.7 || 1.4 || 2.5 || 0.36 |} {{reflist|group=T1}} [[File:ANKOMAH 20221122-009.jpg|thumb|Wani mutum yana kallon tekun daga wani gini da igiyoyin ruwa masu ƙarfi suka lalata a Chorkor, wani yanki na birnin Accra. Ambaliyar ruwa a ranakun sarari da ke faruwa saboda hauhawar matakin teku tana ƙara zaizayar gaɓar teku wanda ke lalata gidaje, ababen more rayuwa, da tsarin muhalli na halitta. Wasu al'ummomi a gaɓar tekun Ghana riga sun fara fuskantar sauye-sauyen igiyoyin ruwa.]] A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, an yi hasashen cewa mafi girman ƙaura zai faru ne a yankin Gabashin Afirka. Aƙalla mutane 750,000 a can ne ka iya ƙaura daga gaɓar teku tsakanin 2020 da 2050. Binciken kimiyya ya kiyasta cewa manyan biranen Afirka guda 12 za su tafka asarar da ta kai dalar Amurka biliyan 65 a ƙarƙashin yanayin "matsakaicin" sauyin yanayi (RCP4.5) nan da shekarar 2050. Waɗannan biranen su ne Abidjan, Alexandria, Algiers, Cape Town, [[Kasabalanka|Casablanca]], Dakar, Dar es Salaam, Durban, Lagos, [[Lomé]], Luanda da Maputo. A ƙarƙashin yanayin fitar da hayaki mai yawa (RCP8.5), lalacewar za ta kai dalar Amurka biliyan 86.5. Shi kuma tsarin mafi tsanani na fitar da hayaki tare da ƙarin tasiri daga rashin daidaiton babban ƙanƙarar teku zai iya haifar da asarar da ta kai dalar Amurka biliyan 137.5. Lalacewar daga waɗannan yanayi guda uku idan aka ƙara haɗawa da "al'amura masu ƙarancin yuwuwa amma masu babban lahani" za ta haura zuwa dalar Amurka biliyan 187, dalar Amurka biliyan 206, da dalar Amurka biliyan 397 biye da juna.<ref name="AR6_WGII_Chapter9" /> A cikin waɗannan ƙiyasin, birnin Alexandria na ƙasar Misra kaɗai ya ƙunshi kusan rabin wannan adadi.<ref name="AR6_WGII_Chapter9" /> Daruruwan dubatan mutane a yankunansa na ƙasankantar tudu ka iya buƙatar a canza musu guri a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa.<ref name="Michaelson-2018">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/aug/29/alexandria-little-venice-egypt-climate-change-frontline|title=Houses claimed by the canal: life on Egypt's climate change frontline| last=Michaelson| first=Ruth|date=25 August 2018|work=The Guardian|access-date=30 August 2018}}</ref> A duk faɗin yankin kudu da sahara baki ɗaya, lalacewa daga hauhawar matakin teku na iya kaiwa kashi 2–4% na GDP nan da shekarar 2050. Sai dai wannan adadi ya danganta da girman haɓakar tattalin arziki da kuma juriya ko daidaitawa (adaptation) a nan gaba.<ref name="AR6_WGII_Chapter9">Trisos, C. H., I. O. Adelekan, E. Totin, A. Ayanlade, J. Efitre, A. Gemeda, K. Kalaba, C. Lennard, C. Masao, Y. Mgaya, G. Ngaruiya, D. Olago, N. P. Simpson, and S. Zakieldeen 2022: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_Chapter09.pdf Chapter 9: Africa]. In [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/ Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability] [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E. S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, New York, US, pp. 2043–2121 |doi=10.1017/9781009325844.011.</ref> [[File:Leptis Magna amphitheatre - panoramio.jpg|thumb|left|Sauran ragowar ginin wasan kwaikwayo na Leptis Magna (amphitheater), tare da bayyanar teku a bango]] A cikin dogon lokaci, ƙasashen Misra, Mozambik, da Tanzania ne ka iya samun mafi yawan mutanen da ambaliyar ruwa ta shekara-shekara za ta shafa a tsakanin daukacin ƙasashen Afirka. Wannan hasashe yana nuna cewa ɗumamar yanayi na duniya zai kai 4 °C a ƙarshen ƙarni. Wannan hauhawar tana da alaƙa da yanayin RCP8.5. A ƙarƙashin tsarin RCP8.5, muhimman wuraren tarihi na al'ada guda 10 za su kasance cikin haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa da zaizayar ƙasa a ƙarshen ƙarni. Waɗannan sun haɗa da Casbah ta Algiers, Wurin Binciken Tarihi na Carthage, Kerkouane, Wurin Binciken Tarihi na Leptis Magna, Tsohon Birnin Sousse (Medina of Sousse), Tsohon Birnin Tunis (Medina of Tunis), Wurin Binciken Tarihi na Sabratha, Tsibirin Robben, Tsibirin Saint-Louis da Tipasa. Jimillar wuraren Ramsar guda 15 da sauran wuraren gadon halitta su ma za su fuskanci makamancin wannan haɗari. Waɗannan wuraren su ne Bao Bolong Wetland Reserve, Delta du Saloum National Park, Diawling National Park, Golfe de Boughrara, Kalissaye, Lagune de Ghar el Melh et Delta de la Mejerda, Marromeu Game Reserve, Parc Naturel des Mangroves du Fleuve Cacheu, Seal Ledges Provincial Nature Reserve, Sebkhet Halk Elmanzel et Oued Essed, Sebkhet Soliman, Réserve Naturelle d'Intérêt Communautaire de la Somone, Songor Biosphere Reserve, Tanbi Wetland Complex da Watamu Marine National Park.<ref name="AR6_WGII_Chapter9" /> == Tasirin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki == [[File:Access_to_wood_and_water_appears_to_be_severely_impacted_by_climate_change_in_Kenya_and_Cameroon.png|thumb|Sakamakon bincike na shekarar 2022 ya nuna cewa samun katako da ruwa ya fuskanci gagarumin tasiri sanadiyyar canjin yanayi a ƙasashen Kenya da Kamaru.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bank |first=European Investment |url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/20230098-eib-climate-survey-africa-and-middle-east |title=The EIB Climate Survey: Africa and the Middle East |date=2023-06-05 |publisher=European Investment Bank |isbn=978-92-861-5534-5 |language=EN}}</ref>]] Canjin yanayi zai ci gaba da yin tasiri sosai a Afirka saboda abubuwa da dama. Ana riga ana jin waɗannan tasirin kuma za su daɗa tsananta idan ba a ɗauki matakin rage fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli (carbon emissions) a duniya ba. Waɗannan tasirin sun haɗa da hauhawar zafin jiki, fari, sauye-sauyen yanayin ruwan sama, da ƙaruwar sauye-sauyen yanayi na farat ɗaya. Waɗannan yanayi suna da tasiri ga samar da makamashi da yadda ake amfani da shi. Farin da aka yi kwanan nan a ƙasashe da dama na Afirka, wanda ke da alaƙa da canjin yanayi, ya yi mummunan tasiri ga samar da ingantaccen makamashi da kuma ci gaban tattalin arziki a faɗin nahiyar. Afirka za ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin yankunan da suka fi fuskantar mummunan tasirin canjin yanayi.<ref name=":0r">{{Cite book|url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-Chap22_FINAL.pdf|title=Africa. In: Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.|year=2014}}</ref> Dalilan da suka sa Afirka ta kasance cikin haɗari suna da yawa, kuma sun haɗa da ƙarancin ƙarfin jurewa ko daidaita rayuwa (adaptive capacity), rashin watsuwar fasahohi da bayanai da za su tallafa wa daidaitawar, da kuma dogaro mai yawa ga tsarin noman daji don hanyoyin rayuwa.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Welborn|first=Lily|title=Africa and climate change: Projecting vulnerability and adaptive capacity|publisher=Institute for Security Studies|year=2018}}</ref> Kasashe da dama a faɗin Afirka an rarraba su a matsayin Ƙasashen da Ba su Cigaba ba Kwata-kwata (Least-Developed Countries - LDCs) waɗanda ke da gurbataccen yanayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, kuma hakan yana nufin suna fuskantar ƙalubale na musamman wajen tunkarar tasirin canjin yanayi.<ref>{{Cite book|last=UNDP/GEF|url=https://www.thegef.org/sites/default/files/publications/CCA-Africa-Final.pdf|title=Climate Change Adaptation in Africa UNDP: Synthesis of Experiences and Recommendations|publisher=UNDP/GEF|year=2018}}</ref> Babban haɗarin da aka gano ga Afirka a cikin Rahoton Kimantawa na Biyar na Kwamitin Haɗin Gwiwa kan Canjin Yanayi (IPCC) ya shafi tsarin halittu (ecosystems), wadatar ruwa, da tsarin noma, tare da tasiri ga wadatar abinci.<ref name=":0r" /> A shekarar 2022, sama da mutane 6,000 daga ƙasashen Afirka guda goma suka halarci binciken yanayi da Babban Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai (European Investment Bank) ya gudanar.<ref name="EIB-2022a"/> Binciken ya gano cewa kashi 88% na mutanen sun bayyana cewa canjin yanayi yana cutar da rayuwarsu, yayin da kashi 61% na mutanen suka bayyana cewa lalacewar muhalli ya yi tasiri ga kudaden shigarsu ko hanyar samun abincinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=EIB Climate Survey: 88% of African respondents believe that climate change is already affecting their everyday life |url=https://www.eib.org/en/press/all/2022-554-eib-climate-survey-88-of-african-respondents-believe-that-climate-change-is-already-affecting-their-everyday-life |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en}}</ref> Waɗannan asarorin yawanci sakamakon fari ne mai tsanani, hauhawar matakin teku ko zaizayar gaɓar teku, ko kuma munanan al'amuran yanayi kamar ambaliyar ruwa ko hadari.<ref name="EIB-2022a">{{Cite web |title=2022-2023 EIB Climate Survey, part 1 of 2: 88% of respondents believe that climate change is already affecting their everyday life |url=https://www.eib.org/en/surveys/climate-survey/5th-climate-survey/africa.htm |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=EIB.org |language=en}}</ref> Sama da rabin mutanen Afirka da aka tattauna da su (kashi 57%) sun ce su ko mutanen da suka sani sun riga sun ɗauki matakai don daidaitawa da illolin canjin yanayi. Daga cikin waɗannan matakan akwai zuba jari a na'urorin kiyaye ruwa don rage radadin fari da kuma share magudanar ruwa kafin ambaliya ta zo.<ref name="EIB-2022a" /> Kashi 34% na dukkan mutanen Afirka da aka tattauna da su sun ce canjin yanayi yana ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da suka fi addabar ƙasarsu, tare da sauran muhimman matsaloli kamar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki (inflation) da samun damar kula da lafiya.<ref name="EIB-2022a"/> === Tasirin tattalin arziki === Afirka tana yin zafi da sauri fiye da sauran sassan duniya a matsakaita. Sakamakon haka, manyan sassan nahiyar na iya zama marasa mazauni, kuma babban abun da ake samarwa a cikin gida na Afirka (GDP) na iya raguwa da kashi 2% sakamakon hauhawar zafin duniya da digiri 1 °C, sannan da kashi 12% sakamakon hauhawar zafin da digiri 4 °C. Ana sa ran amfanin gona zai ragu ƙwarai sakamakon hauhawar zafi, sannan ana kyautata zaton cewa za a riƙa samun mamakon ruwan sama akai-akai kuma da ƙarfi a faɗin Afirka, wanda ke ƙara haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa.<ref name="WMO-2021">{{Cite web |date=2021-10-18 |title=Climate change triggers mounting food insecurity, poverty and displacement in Africa |url=https://wmo.int/news/media-centre/climate-change-triggers-mounting-food-insecurity-poverty-and-displacement-africa |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=public.wmo.int |language=en }}</ref><ref name="Africa Renewal-2018">{{Cite web |date=2018-12-07 |title=Global warming: severe consequences for Africa |url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/december-2018-march-2019/global-warming-severe-consequences-africa |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=Africa Renewal |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-27 |title=Climate Change Is an Increasing Threat to Africa |url=https://unfccc.int/news/climate-change-is-an-increasing-threat-to-africa |access-date=2022-07-26 |website=United Nations Climate Change News}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, Afirka tana asarar tsakanin dala biliyan 7 zuwa dala biliyan 15 a shekara saboda canjin yanayi, wanda aka kiyasta zai iya kaiwa dala biliyan 50 nan da shekarar 2030.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Rathi |first1=Akshat |last2=Rao |first2=Mythili |date=2024-05-02 |title=One Bank Is Turning Africa's Climate Vulnerability Into Opportunity |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-05-02/inside-the-bank-financing-africa-s-green-growth |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=www.bloomberg.com}}</ref> === Noma === Noma babban sashe ne mai mahimmanci a Afirka, wanda ke taimakawa ga hanyoyin rayuwa da tattalin arziki a faɗin nahiyar. Mutane da yawa sun dogara da aikin noma a matsayin hanyar haɓaka kansu ta fuskar tattalin arziki da kuma tushen abinci. Mutane da yawa sun dogara ne da albarkatun da yanayi ke tasiri a kansu. An yi hasashen cewa ayyukan noma za su ragu a faɗin yankin Kudu da Hamada na Afirka.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Engel |first=Ulf |title=Yearbook on the African Union Volume 3 (2022) |date=2024 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-68308-2 |editor-last=Engel |editor-first=Ulf |location=Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar}}</ref> A matsakaita, aikin noma a yankin Kudu da Hamada na Afirka yana ba da gudummawar kashi 15% na jimillar GDP.<ref name="OECD/FAO">{{Cite book |last=OECD/FAO |url=http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5778e.pdf |title=OECD‑FAO Agricultural Outlook 2016‑2025 |publisher=OECD Publishing |year=2016 |isbn= 978-92-64-25323-0 |pages=59–61}}</ref> Yanayin labarin ƙasa na Afirka ya sa ta kasance cikin haɗari na musamman ga canjin yanayi, kuma kashi 70% na al'ummar ƙasar sun dogara ne ga noman da ya dogara da ruwan sama don hanyoyin rayuwarsu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Läderach |first1=Peter |last2=Martinez-Valle |first2=Armando |last3=Bourgoin |first3=Clement |last4=Parker |first4=Louis |date=27 March 2019 |title= Vulnerability of the agricultural sector to climate change: The development of a pan-tropical Climate Risk Vulnerability Assessment to inform sub-national decision making |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=14 |issue=3 |article-number=e0213641 |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1413641P |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0213641 |pmc=6436735 |pmid=30917146 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Gonaki na ƙananan manoma (smallholder farms) suna daidai da kashi 80% na ƙasashen da ake noma a yankin Kudu da Hamada na Afirka.<ref name="OECD/FAO" /> Hukumar IPCC a shekarar 2007 ta yi hasashen cewa sauye-sauyen yanayi za su gurgunta aikin noma da damar samun abinci.<ref name="ar4 summary of regional impacts">{{cite book |title=Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2007 |editor=Parry, M. L. |display-editors=et al. |chapter=Summary for Policymakers: C. Current knowledge about future impacts |chapter-url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/spmsspm-c.html |access-date=13 December 2023 |archive-date=2 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102223635/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/spmsspm-c.html }}</ref> An ba wa wannan hasashen "babban kwarin gwiwa". Tsarin noma, kiwon dabbobi, da kamun kifi za su kasance cikin babban haɗari na kwari da cututtuka sakamakon canjin yanayi na gaba.<ref name="Dhanush">{{Cite journal |author1=Dhanush, D. |author2=Bett, B. K. |author3=Boone, R. B. |author4=Grace, D. |author5=Kinyangi, J. |author6=Lindahl, J. F. |author7=Mohan, C. V. |author8=Ramírez Villegas, J. |author9=Robinson, T. P. |author10=Rosenstock, T. S. |author11=Smith, J. |date=2015 |title=Impact of climate change on African agriculture: focus on pests and diseases |url=https://cgspace.cgiar.org/rest/bitstreams/55241/retrieve |journal=CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security |access-date=2026-06-09 |archive-date=2023-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716201342/https://cgspace.cgiar.org/rest/bitstreams/55241/retrieve |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kwarin amfanin gona riga suna da alhakin kusan kashi 1/6 na asarar amfanin gona.<ref name="Dhanush" /> Canjin yanayi zai hanzarta yaduwar kwari da cututtuka kuma zai ƙara aukuwar abubuwa masu babban tasiri.<ref name="Dhanush" /> Tasirin canjin yanayi akan aikin noma a Afirka zai haifar da mummunan sakamako ga wadatar abinci da hanyoyin rayuwa. Rashin abinci mai gina jiki iri-iri ya haifar da gazawar samun wasu muhimman sinadarai na jiki. Rashin waɗannan sinadarai na iya haifar da ƙarancin bitamin A da ƙarfe (iron). Wannan ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokutan fari da ƙarancin abinci saboda zaɓukan abincin suna da ƙanƙanta. Tsakanin shekarar 2014 da 2018, Afirka ce ke da mafi girman matakan ƙarancin abinci a duniya.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.fao.org/state-of-food-security-nutrition/en/ |title=SOFI 2019 – The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |year=2021 |isbn=978-92-5-134325-8 |language=en |doi=10.4060/CB4474EN |s2cid=241785130}}</ref> Dangane da tsarin noma, dogaro mai yawa akan noman wadatar kai na ruwan sama da kuma ƙarancin amfani da dabarun noma na zamani da suka dace da yanayi (climate smart agriculture) suna taimakawa ga babban haɗarin da sashen ke ciki. Lamarin yana daɗa rudarwa saboda ƙarancin amintattun bayanai da rashin samun damar yin amfani da bayanan yanayi don tallafawa matakan daidaitawa.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dinku|first=Tufa|title=Overcoming challenges in the availability and use of climate data in Africa|url=https://ictupdate.cta.int/en/article/overcoming-challenges-in-the-availability-and-use-of-climate-data-in-africa-sid06fd8a811-e179-4fa5-9c8f-806bd2f27c3e|website=ICT Update CTA|access-date=13 December 2023|archive-date=1 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101070648/https://ictupdate.cta.int/en/article/overcoming-challenges-in-the-availability-and-use-of-climate-data-in-africa-sid06fd8a811-e179-4fa5-9c8f-806bd2f27c3e}}</ref> Tarwatsawar yanayin ruwan sama da aka gani da kuma wanda aka hango sanadiyyar canjin yanayi na iya taƙaita lokutan noma da kuma shafar amfanin gona a sassan Afirka da dama. Bugu da ƙari, sashen noma a Afirka mafi yawancinsa yana ƙarƙashin ƙananan manoma ne waɗanda ke da iyakacin damar samun fasaha da albarkatun da za su daidaita da yanayin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Supporting Sub-Saharan Africa's Farmers – Bayer – Crop Science |url=https://www.cropscience.bayer.com:443/en/stories/2018/supporting-sub-saharan-africas-farmers-closing-the-gap |access-date=2019-08-15 |website=www.cropscience.bayer.com}}</ref> Sauye-sauyen yanayi sun kasance kuma suna ci gaba da zama babban tushen canza-canje a cikin samar da abinci na duniya a faɗin ƙasashe masu tasowa inda samar da abincin ya dogara kacokan akan ruwan sama.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Thornton |first1=Philip K |last2=Ericksen |first2=Polly J |last3=Herrero |first3=Mario |last4=Challinor |first4=Andrew J |title=Climate variability and vulnerability to climate change: a review |journal=Global Change Biology |date=November 2014 |volume=20 |issue=11 |pages=3313–3328 |doi=10.1111/gcb.12581 |bibcode=2014GCBio..20.3313T |pmc=4258067 |pmid=24668802 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=HU|first1=Tongxi|last2=Zhang|first2=Xuesong|last3=Khanal|first3=Sami|last4=Wilson|first4=Robyn|last5=Leng|first5=Guoyong|last6=Toman|first6=Elizabeth|last7=Wang|first7=Xuhui|last8=Zhao|first8=Kaiguang|date=2024-06-19|title=Climate change impacts on crop yields: A review of empirical findings, statistical crop models, and machine learning methods|url=https://bpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/u.osu.edu/dist/7/24705/files/2024/09/review-climate-impact-crop-yield-machine-learning.pdf|journal=Environmental Modelling & Software|volume=179|issue=106119 |article-number=106119 |doi=10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106119 |bibcode=2024EnvMS.17906119H }}</ref> Sashen noma yana da saurin shafar canjin yanayi,<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Geoffrey |last1=Sabiiti |first2=Joseph Mwalichi |last2=Ininda |first3=Laban |last3=Ogallo |first4=Franklin |last4=Opijah |first5=Alex |last5=Nimusiima |first6=George |last6=Otieno |first7=Saul Daniel |last7=Ddumba |first8=Jamiat |last8=Nanteza |first9=Charles |last9=Basalirwa |author-link3=Ogallo Laban |title=Nanteza and C. Basalirwa. 2016. Empirical relationship between banana yields and climate variability over Uganda |journal=Journal of Environmental & Agricultural Sciences |volume=7 |date=2016 |pages=3–13 |url=https://jeas.agropublishers.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/JEAS-7-1.pdf }}</ref> musamman sauye-sauyen ruwan sama na shekara-shekara, yanayin zafi, da munanan al'amuran yanayi (fari da ambaliyar ruwa). An yi hasashen cewa waɗannan al'amuran na yanayi za su ƙaru a nan gaba kuma ana sa ran za su haifar da gagarumin sakamako ga sashen noma.<ref name="Sabiiti et al 2018 Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change"/> Wannan zai kasance da mummunan tasiri akan farashin abinci, wadatar abinci, da shawarwari game da amfani da ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite book|section=A1 – 1 Sustainability, food security and climate change: three intertwined challenges|title=Climate-Smart Agriculture Sourcebook|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|url=http://www.fao.org/climate-smart-agriculture-sourcebook/concept/module-a1-introducing-csa/chapter-a1-1/en/|access-date=2019-08-15|archive-date=2019-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601030918/http://www.fao.org/climate-smart-agriculture-sourcebook/concept/module-a1-introducing-csa/chapter-a1-1/en|url-status=dead}}</ref> Amfanin gona daga noman ruwan sama a wasu ƙasashen Afirka na iya raguwa da kashi 50% zuwa shekarar 2020.<ref name="Sabiiti et al 2018 Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change" /> Don hana mummunan tasiri na gaba na sauye-sauyen yanayi akan samar da abinci, yana da matakar muhimmanci a daidaita ko ba da shawarar manufofi masu yiwuwa don jure wa ƙaruwar sauye-sauyen yanayi. Ƙasashen Afirka suna buƙatar gina tsarin doka na ƙasa don sarrafa albarkatun abinci daidai da canjin yanayi da ake tsammani. Sai dai, kafin tsara manufofin magance tasirin sauye-sauyen yanayi, musamman ga sashen noma, yana da matakar muhimmanci a sami fahimta mai kyau game da yadda canjin yanayi ke shafar amfanin gona daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Shah |first1=Hassnain |last2=Hellegers |first2=Petra |last3=Siderius |first3=Christian |date=2021-01-01 |title=Climate risk to agriculture: A synthesis to define different types of critical moments |journal=Climate Risk Management |volume=34 |article-number=100378 |doi=10.1016/j.crm.2021.100378 |bibcode=2021CliRM..3400378S |issn=2212-0963|doi-access=free }}</ref> Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman a shekarar 2020 saboda mummunan farmakin fara (locusts) wanda ya yi mummunan tasiri ga aikin noma a gabashin Afirka.<ref name="Rosane-2020">{{cite news|last1=Rosane|first1=Olivia|date=27 January 2020|title=Worst Locust Swarm to Hit East Africa in Decades Linked to Climate Crisis|agency=Ecowatch|url=https://www.ecowatch.com/locust-swarm-east-africa-2644928358.html|access-date=6 February 2020}}</ref> An danganta wannan farmakin sashin jiki ga canjin yanayi - yanayin zafi mafi dumi da mamakon ruwan sama wanda ya haifar da ƙaruwar fara ta hanyar da ba a saba gani ba.<ref name="Rosane-2020" /> A Gabashin Afirka, ana sa ran canjin yanayi zai daɗa yawaita da tsananin fari da ambaliyar ruwa, wanda zai iya yin mummunan tasiri ga sashen noma. Canjin yanayi zai haifar da tasiri daban-daban akan aikin noma a Gabashin Afirka. Bincike daga Cibiyar Binciken Manufofin Abinci ta Duniya (IFPRI) ya nuna ƙaruwar amfanin masara a mafi yawan Gabashin Afirka, amma asarar amfanin gona a sassan [[Itofiya|Habasha]] (Ethiopia), Jamhuriyar Dimokiraɗiyyar Kongo (DRC), Tanzania, da kuma arewacin Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=East African agriculture and climate change: A comprehensive analysis |url=http://www.ifpri.org/publication/east-african-agriculture-and-climate-change-comprehensive-analysis |access-date=21 September 2019 |website=International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) |language=en}}</ref> Ana kuma sa ran hasashen canjin yanayi zai rage ƙarfin ƙasar da ake noma don samar da amfanin gona mai inganci da yawa.<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/09/11/000158349_20080911163038/Rendered/PDF/WPS4717.pdf |title=How Will Climate Change Shift Agro-Ecological Zones And Impact African Agriculture? |author1=Kurukulasuriya, P. |author2=Mendelsohn, R. |date=25 September 2008 |publisher=The World Bank |series=Policy Research Working Papers |doi=10.1596/1813-9450-4717 |hdl=10986/6994 |s2cid=129416028}}</ref> Canjin yanayi a Kenya ana sa ran zai haifar da babban tasiri ga sashen noma, wanda mafi yawansa ya dogara da ruwan sama saboda haka yana cikin babban haɗarin sauye-sauye a yanayin zafi da ruwan sama, da munanan al'amuran yanayi.<ref name="NCCAP-2018">{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Environment and Forestry |title=National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) 2018–2022. Volume I |url=http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/NCCAP-2018-2022-v2.pdf |access-date=13 December 2023 |archive-date=2 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402131336/http://www.environment.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/NCCAP-2018-2022-v2.pdf }}</ref> Tasirin zai fi fitowa fili a cikin busassun ƙasashe da matsakaitan busassun ƙasashe (ASALs) inda kiwon dabbobi shine mabuɗin aikin tattalin arziki da hanyar rayuwa. A cikin yankunan ASALs, sama da kashi 70% na mutuwar dabbobi yana faruwa ne sakamakon fari.<ref name="NCCAP-2018" /> A cikin shekaru 10 masu zuwa, kashi 52% na adadin shanu na yankunan ASAL suna cikin haɗarin mutuwa saboda tsananin zafi. === Tasiri ga lafiya === Kasashen Afirka ne ke da tsarin kula da lafiyar jama'a mafi rashin inganci a duniya.<ref name="WHO-2014">World Health Organization. (2014). ''The health of the people: what works: the African Regional Health Report 2014''. World Health Organization.</ref> Nauyin cututtuka masu yaduwa kamar zazzabin cizon sauro (malaria), zazzabin tura (schistosomiasis), zazzabin dengue, da sankarau (meningitis), wadanda ke da saurin shafar tasirin yanayi, sun fi yawa a yankin Kudu da Hamada na Afirka. Alal misali, sama da kashi 90 cikin dari na adadin mutanen da ke kamuwa da zazzabin cizon sauro a duniya duk shekara suna Afirka.<ref name="WHO-2014" /> Sauye-sauyen yanayi za su shafi yaduwar kwayoyin cuta gami da canza yadda mutane ke fuskantar hadarin kamuwa da wadannan cututtuka. Bisa rahoton kimantawa na shida na hukumar IPCC, canjin yanayi yana zama babbar barazana ga lafiyar dubun-dubatar mutanen Afirka, domin yana jefa su cikin yanayin zafi ko sanyi mara kyau, munanan al'amuran yanayi, da kuma karuwar yankuna da saurin yaduwar cututtuka masu yaduwa.<ref>{{cite book |type=Final Draft |chapter=Chapter 9:Africa |title=IPCC WGII Sixth Assessment Report |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_FinalDraft_Chapter09.pdf}}</ref> Canjin yanayi, wanda ke haifar da karuwar yanayin zafi, guguwa, fari, da hauhawar matakin teku, zai shafi aukuwa da kuma rarrabuwar cututtuka masu yaduwa a fadin duniya.<ref name="Beard-2016">Beard, C. B.; Eisen, R. J.; Barker, C. M.; Garofalo, J. F.; Hahn, M.; Hayden, M.; Schramm, P. J. (2016). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160607130925/https://health2016.globalchange.gov/vectorborne-diseases "Vector-Borne Diseases".] Retrieved 15 February 2017.</ref> A watan Yulin 2021, Hukumar Abinci ta Duniya (WFP) ta dora alhakin matsalar karancin abinci da ke gudana a kudancin Madagascar kacokan a kan canjin yanayi, ba wai a kan yaki ko rikici ba. An bayyana lamarin a matsayin yunwa ta farko da canjin yanayi ya haifar.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Baker |first1=Aryn |title=Climate, Not Conflict. Madagascar's Famine is the First in Modern History to be Solely Caused by Global Warming |url=https://time.com/6081919/famine-climate-change-madagascar/ |access-date=24 July 2021 |magazine=Time |date=20 July 2021 |archive-date=23 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723003745/https://time.com/6081919/famine-climate-change-madagascar/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rodrigues |first1=Charlene |title=Madagascar famine becomes first in history to be caused solely by climate crisis |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/madagascar-famine-climate-crisis-b1888058.html |access-date=24 July 2021 |work=The Independent |date=22 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Harding|first=Andrew|date=24 August 2021|title=Madagascar on the brink of climate change-induced famine|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58303792|access-date=2021-09-10}}</ref> === Zazzabin cizon sauro (Malaria) === A Afirka, zazzabin cizon sauro yana ci gaba da yin mummunan tasiri ga al'umma. Yayin da canjin yanayi ke ci gaba, takaitattun yankunan da ke iya fuskantar yaduwar zazzabin cizon sauro mai babban hadari a duk tsawon shekara za su tashi daga gabar tekun yammacin Afirka zuwa yankin da ke tsakanin Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Kongo da Uganda, wanda aka sani da Tsaunin Afirka (African Highlands).<ref name="Ryan-2015">{{cite journal|last1=Ryan|first1=Sadie J.|last2=McNally|first2=Amy|last3=Johnson|first3=Leah R.|last4=Mordecai|first4=Erin A.|last5=Ben-Horin|first5=Tal|last6=Paaijmans|first6=Krijn|last7=Lafferty|first7=Kevin D.|year=2015|title=Mapping Physiological Suitability Limits for Malaria in Africa Under Climate Change|journal=Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases|volume=15|issue=12|pages=718–725|doi=10.1089/vbz.2015.1822|pmc=4700390|pmid=26579951|bibcode=2015VBZD...15..718R }}</ref> Kura-kuran kimiyya yayin binciken sauye-sauyen yanayin yaduwar zazzabin cizon sauro a Tsaunin Afirka suna da kama da wadanda ke da alaka da faffadan fahimtar canjin yanayi da zazzabin cizon sauro. Yayin da tsara taswira ta hanyar sauye-sauyen yanayin zafi ke nuna cewa akwai alaka tsakanin karuwar zafi da karuwar yaduwar zazzabin cizon sauro, har yanzu da akwai sauran rashi na bayanai. Sauye-sauyen yawan jama'a a nan gaba wadanda ke shafar cunkoson jama'a, gami da sauye-sauye a dabi'un sauro, na iya shafar saurin yaduwar cutar kuma suna zama abubuwan da ke takaita tantance hadarin bullar zazzabin cizon sauro a nan gaba, wanda hakan kuma ke shafar shiri na dace don tunkarar bullar cutar.<ref name="Ryan-2015" /> Game da saurin yaduwar zazzabin cizon sauro a Tsaunin Afirka, abubuwa da illolin da ke fitowa daga gagarumin sauyin muhalli kamar yanayi mai dumi, sauye-sauyen yanayin gudanar ruwa, da karuwar tasirin ayyukan dan adam kamar sare bishiyoyi (deforestation), suna samar da ingantaccen yanayi don yaduwar zazzabin cizon sauro tsakanin mai dauke da cutar da wanda ake frawa.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Himeidan YE, Kweka EJ |year=2012 |title=Malaria in East African highlands during the past 30 years: impact of environmental changes |journal=Frontiers in Physiology |volume=3 |page=315 |doi=10.3389/fphys.2012.00315 |pmc=3429085 |pmid=22934065 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Musamman ma, zazzabin cizon sauro yana faruwa ne sanadiyyar kwayoyin cuta na "Plasmodium falciparum" da "Plasmodium vivax" wadanda kwarin sauro na "Anopheles" ke dauke da su. Kodayake kwayar cutar "Plasmodium vivax" na iya rayuwa a yanayin zafi mafi karanci, ita kwayar cutar "Plasmodium falciparum" za ta iya rayuwa ne kawai kuma ta hayayyafa a cikin sauro lokacin da yanayin zafi ya haura 20 °C.<ref name="CDC-2018">{{cite web |date=14 November 2018 |title=Where Malaria Occurs |url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/distribution.html |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=Center for Disease Control and Prevention}}</ref> Karuwar danshi da ruwan sama suma suna taimakawa wajen hayayyafa da rayuwar wannan kwayar cuta.<ref name="Center Science Ed-2011">{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Climate Change and Vector-Borne Disease |url=https://scied.ucar.edu/longcontent/climate-change-and-vector-borne-disease |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=Center for Science Education}}</ref> Kamuwa da zazzabin cizon sauro zai zama babban hadari ga mutane yayin da adadin matan sauro na "Anopheles" masu dauke da kwayar cutar "Plasmodium falciparum" ko "Plasmodium vivax" ke karuwa.<ref name="Center Science Ed-2011" /> Bincike ya nuna karuwar dacewar yanayi gaba daya don yaduwar zazzabin cizon sauro, wanda ke haifar da karuwar yawan mutanen da ke cikin hadarin kamuwa da cutar.<ref name="Caminade-2014">{{cite journal |display-authors=6 |vauthors=Caminade C, Kovats S, Rocklov J, Tompkins AM, Morse AP, Colón-González FJ, Stenlund H, Martens P, Lloyd SJ |date=March 2014 |title=Impact of climate change on global malaria distribution |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=111 |issue=9 |pages=3286–3291 |bibcode=2014PNAS..111.3286C |doi=10.1073/pnas.1302089111 |pmc=3948226 |pmid=24596427 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mafi mahimmanci shine karuwar yautuwar barkewar cutar a wurare masu tsayi (kamar Tsaunin Afirka). Haifawar yanayin zafi a wadannan yankuna na da damar sauya yankunan da da can ba su da zazzabin sauro zuwa yankuna masu fama da barkewar cutar na lokaci-lokaci.<ref name="pmid7656875">{{cite journal |vauthors=Martens WJ, Niessen LW, Rotmans J, Jetten TH, McMichael AJ |date=May 1995 |title=Potential impact of global climate change on malaria risk |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_environmental-health-perspectives_1995-05_103_5/page/458 |journal=Environmental Health Perspectives |volume=103 |issue=5 |pages=458–64 |doi=10.1289/ehp.95103458 |pmc=1523278 |pmid=7656875|bibcode=1995EnvHP.103..458M }}</ref> Sakamakon haka, sabbin al'umma za su fuskanci cutar, wanda zai kai ga asarar shekaru masu amfani na koshin lafiya. Bugu da kari, nauyin cutar na iya zama mafi lahani ga yankunan da ba su da karfi da albarkatun da za su magance irin wadannan kalubale da matsaloli yadda ya kamata.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Wu X, Lu Y, Zhou S, Chen L, Xu B |date=January 2016 |title=Impact of climate change on human infectious diseases: Empirical evidence and human adaptation |journal=Environment International |volume=86 |pages=14–23 |doi=10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.007 |pmid=26479830 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2016EnInt..86...14W }}</ref> Yayin da canjin yanayi ke sauya yankunan labarin kasa na yaduwar cutar zuwa Tsaunin Afirka, kalubalen zai kasance shine gano da kuma sarrafa kwarin sauro a yankunan da ba su taba ganinsa ba a baya.<ref name="pmid14654317">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tanser FC, Sharp B, le Sueur D |date=November 2003 |title=Potential effect of climate change on malaria transmission in Africa |journal=Lancet |volume=362 |issue=9398 |pages=1792–8 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14898-2 |pmid=14654317 |s2cid=22850163 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/24378625 }}</ref> == Tasiri da ke shafar shiyyoyi == === Afirka ta Tsakiya === Afirka ta Tsakiya, a mafi yawancin sassa, yanki ne da ke kewaye da kasa (ba shi da gabar teku) kuma ta fuskar labarin kasa yana fuskantar barazanar canjin yanayi. Saboda tsananin sauye-sauyen yanayi a yankin da kuma dogaro ga aikin noma na ruwan sama, ana sa ran Afirka ta Tsakiya za ta fuskanci lokutan tsananin zafi (heatwaves) masu tsayi da kuma yawaitar mazaunai, gami da karuwar mamakon ruwan sama na matakari na karshe.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Diedhiou |first1=Arona |last2=Bichet |first2=Adeline |last3=Wartenburger |first3=Richard |last4=Seneviratne |first4=Sonia I |last5=Rowell |first5=David P |last6=Sylla |first6=Mouhamadou B |last7=Diallo |first7=Ismaila |last8=Todzo |first8=Stella |last9=Touré |first9=N'datchoh E |last10=Camara |first10=Moctar |last11=Ngatchah |first11=Benjamin Ngounou |last12=Kane |first12=Ndjido A |last13=Tall |first13=Laure |last14=Affholder |first14=François |title=Changes in climate extremes over West and Central Africa at 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming |journal=Environmental Research Letters |date=June 2018 |volume=13 |issue=6 |article-number=065020 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/aac3e5 |bibcode=2018ERL....13f5020D |doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.11850/274346 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Matsakaitan zafin duniya a wannan yanki ana sa ran zai karu da digiri 1.5 °C zuwa 2 °C.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Seneviratne |first1=Sonia I. |last2=Donat |first2=Markus G. |last3=Pitman |first3=Andy J. |last4=Knutti |first4=Reto |last5=Wilby |first5=Robert L. |title=Allowable CO2 emissions based on regional and impact-related climate targets |journal=Nature |date=28 January 2016 |volume=529 |issue=7587 |pages=477–483 |doi=10.1038/nature16542 |pmid=26789252 |s2cid=205247437 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/9482219 }}</ref> Karfin shakar iskar gas mai gurbata muhalli (carbon dioxide) na daji a yankin Kogin Kongo ya ragu. Wannan raguwa ta faru ne saboda karuwar zafi da fari da ke haifar da raguwar girman bishiyoyi. Wannan yana nuna cewa har ma dajin da ba a taba sare bishiyoyinsa ba canjin yanayi yana shafar sa. Wani bincike da aka wallafa a mujallar Nature ya nuna cewa nan da shekarar 2030, dajin Afirka zai shaki kasa da kashi 14 cikin dari na carbon dioxide idan aka kwatanta da abin da yake shaka tsakanin shekarun 2005-2010, kuma ba zai shaki komai ba kwata-kwata nan da shekarar 2035.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Grossman |first1=Daniel |date=4 March 2020 |title=The Congo rainforest is losing ability to absorb carbon dioxide. That's bad for climate change. |language=en |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/the-congo-rainforest-is-losing-its-ability-to-absorb-carbon-dioxide-thats-bad-for-climate-change/2020/03/03/3363d218-5ca9-11ea-9055-5fa12981bbbf_story.html |access-date=6 March 2020}}</ref> === Gabashin Afirka === Ganin cewa kusan gaba daya yankin yana cikin yankuna masu zafi (tropics), ruwan sama a Gabashin Afirka ya dogara ne kacokan a kan sauye-sauyen lokaci na gungun gajimare na ruwan sama na yankunan zafi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nicholson |first=Sharon E. |date=2017 |title=Climate and climatic variability of rainfall over eastern Africa |journal=Reviews of Geophysics |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=590–635 |bibcode=2017RvGeo..55..590N |doi=10.1002/2016RG000544 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Gabashin Afirka yana da siffar sauye-sauyen ruwan sama masu yawa ta fuskar lokaci da sarari saboda ya shimfidu sama da digiri 30 na layi na latitude (ketare layin hantar duniya). Yana samun tasiri daga tekunan Indiya da na Atlantika, kuma yana da manyan siffofin kasa (yankunan tsaunuka) gami da manyan madatsun ruwa na cikin kasa kamar Tafkin Victoria. Saboda haka, yanayin lokutan ruwan sama ya bambanta tun daga lokacin ruwan sama guda daya kacal a shekara a tsakanin watannin Yuli-Agusta a sassan arewa maso yamma (ciki har da Habasha da Sudan ta Kudu, wadanda ta fuskar yanayi ke da alaka da Yammacin Afirka, inda iskar iska mai kawo ruwa ta Yammacin Afirka ke kawo musu ruwan sama) zuwa lokacin ruwan sama guda daya kacal a shekara a tsakanin Disamba - Fabrairu a kudanci (a fadin Tanzania), yayin da yankuna da dama na kusa da layin hantar duniya ke da lokutan ruwan sama guda biyu a shekara,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dunning |first1=Caroline M. |last2=Black |first2=Emily C. L. |last3=Allan |first3=Richard P. |date=2016 |title=The onset and cessation of seasonal rainfall over Africa |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |volume=121 |issue=19 |pages=11,405–11,424 |bibcode=2016JGRD..12111405D |doi=10.1002/2016JD025428 |doi-access=free }}</ref> kusan a tsakanin watannin Maris-Mayu (wato "Dogon Ruwa") da Oktoba zuwa Disamba ("Takaitaccen Ruwa"). Sauye-sauyen ruwan sama a kan kananan siffofi sau da yawa suna da alaka da siffofin tsaunuka da tafkuna. Sauye-sauyen shekara-shekara na iya zama manya, kuma abubuwan sarrafawa da aka sani sun hada da sauye-sauyen yanayin zafin saman teku (SSTs) na kwarurukan tekuna daban-daban, yanayin iska mai fadin gaske na sauye-sauye kamar Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Vellinga |first1=Michael |last2=Milton |first2=Sean |date=2018 |title=Drivers of interannual variability of the East African 'Long Rains' |journal=Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society |language=en |volume=144 |issue=1 |pages=861–876 |bibcode=2018QJRMS.144..861V |doi=10.1002/qj.3263 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Finney 2109–2129">{{Cite journal |last1=Finney |first1=Declan L. |last2=Marsham |first2=John H. |last3=Jackson |first3=Lawrence S. |last4=Kendon |first4=Elizabeth J. |last5=Rowell |first5=David P. |last6=Boorman |first6=Penelope M. |last7=Keane |first7=Richard J. |last8=Stratton |first8=Rachel A. |last9=Senior |first9=Catherine A. |date=5 February 2019 |title=Implications of Improved Representation of Convection for the East Africa Water Budget Using a Convection-Permitting Model |journal=Journal of Climate |volume=32 |issue=7 |pages=2109–2129 |bibcode=2019JCli...32.2109F |doi=10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0387.1 |doi-access=free }}</ref> da kuma guguwa mai karfi ta wuraren zafi (tropical cyclones).<ref name="Finney 2109–2129" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kilavi |first1=Mary |last2=MacLeod |first2=Dave |last3=Ambani |first3=Maurine |last4=Robbins |first4=Joanne |last5=Dankers |first5=Rutger |last6=Graham |first6=Richard |last7=Titley |first7=Helen |last8=Salih |first8=Abubakr A. M. |last9=Todd |first9=Martin C. |date=December 2018 |title=Extreme Rainfall and Flooding over Central Kenya Including Nairobi City during the Long-Rains Season 2018: Causes, Predictability, and Potential for Early Warning and Actions |journal=Atmosphere |language=en |volume=9 |issue=12 |page=472 |bibcode=2018Atmos...9..472K |doi=10.3390/atmos9120472 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Dogon Ruwa shi ne babban lokacin noman amfanin gona a yankin. Hasashen shekara-shekara na wannan lokaci yana da karanci idan aka kwatanta da Takaitaccen Ruwa, kuma bushewar da aka gani kwanan nan ta sha bamban da hasashen yanayi na samun damina mai zuwa a nan gaba (wanda ake kira "Dambarar yanayin Gabashin Afirka").<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rowell |first1=David P. |last2=Booth |first2=Ben B. B. |last3=Nicholson |first3=Sharon E. |last4=Good |first4=Peter |title=Reconciling Past and Future Rainfall Trends over East Africa |journal=Journal of Climate |date=15 December 2015 |volume=28 |issue=24 |pages=9768–9788 |doi=10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0140.1 |bibcode=2015JCli...28.9768R |s2cid=129146135 }}</ref>). Gabashin Afirka ya shaida yawaitar fari mai tsanani a cikin shekarun baya-bayan nan, gami da ambaliyar ruwa mai barna. Yanayin ruwan sama tun daga shekarun 1980 ya nuna raguwa gaba daya a cikin watannin Maris - Mayu (MAM) yayin da aka sami 'yar karuwa kadan a lokacin ruwan sama na watannin Yuni - Satumba (JJAS) da Oktoba - Disamba (OND),<ref name="Bernhofer 1–9">{{Cite journal |last1=Bernhofer |first1=Christian |last2=Hülsmann |first2= Stephan |last3=Gebrechorkos |first3=Solomon H. |date=6 August 2019 |title=Long-term trends in rainfall and temperature using high-resolution climate datasets in East Africa |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=9 |issue=1 |article-number=11376 |bibcode=2019NatSR...911376G |doi=10.1038/s41598-019-47933-8 |pmc=6684806 |pmid=31388068 }}</ref> kodayake kamar an sami komawa daidai kwanan nan a cikin ruwan saman MAM.<ref name="Wainwright 1–9">{{Cite journal |last1=Wainwright |first1=Caroline M. |last2=Marsham |first2=John H. |last3=Keane |first3=Richard J. |last4=Rowell |first4=David P. |last5= Finney |first5=Declan L. |last6=Black |first6=Emily |last7=Allan |first7=Richard P. |date=12 September 2019 |title='Eastern African Paradox' rainfall decline due to shorter not less intense Long Rains |journal=npj Climate and Atmospheric Science |language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |page=34 |doi=10.1038/s41612-019-0091-7 |bibcode=2019npCAS...2...34W |doi-access=free }}</ref> A nan gaba, an kiyasta cewa ruwan sama da yanayin zafi za su canza a fadin Gabashin Afirka.<ref name="Dunning 9719–9738" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Muhati |first1=Godwin Leslie |last2=Olago |first2=Daniel |last3=Olaka |first3= Lydia |date=1 October 2018 |title=Past and projected rainfall and temperature trends in a sub-humid Montane Forest in Northern Kenya based on the CMIP5 model ensemble |journal=Global Ecology and Conservation |volume=16 |article-number=e00469 |doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00469 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2018GEcoC..1600469M }}</ref><ref name="Rowell 621–633">{{Cite journal |last1=Rowell |first1=David P. |last2=Senior |first2= Catherine A. |last3=Vellinga |first3=Michael |last4=Graham |first4=Richard J. |date=1 February 2016 |title=Can climate projection uncertainty be constrained over Africa using metrics of contemporary performance? |journal=Climatic Change |language=en |volume=134 |issue=4 |pages=621–633 |bibcode=2016ClCh..134..621R |doi=10.1007/s10584-015-1554-4 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Bincike na baya-bayan nan kan kiyasin yanayi ya nuna cewa matsakacin zafi na iya karuwa da kusan digiri 2-3 °C zuwa tsakiyar karni sannan da digiri 2-5 °C a karshen karni.<ref name= "Bornemann 365–384">{{Cite journal |last1=Bornemann |first1=F. Jorge |last2=Rowell |first2=David P. |last3=Evans |first3=Barbara |last4=Lapworth |first4=Dan J. |last5=Lwiza |first5=Kamazima |last6= Macdonald |first6=David M.J. |last7=Marsham |first7=John H. |last8=Tesfaye |first8=Kindie |last9=Ascott |first9=Matthew J. |last10=Way |first10=Celia |date=1 October 2019 |title=Future changes and uncertainty in decision-relevant measures of East African climate |journal=Climatic Change |language=en |volume=156 |issue=3 |pages=365–384 |bibcode=2019ClCh..156..365B |doi=10.1007/s10584-019-02499-2 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Wannan zai dogara ne a kan tsarin fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli gami da yadda ainihin yanayin ke mayar da martani idan aka kwatanta da sakamako daban-daban da kirar tsare-tsare na na'ura (models) suka nuna. Kiyasin kirar yanayi yana nuna cewa za a sami karuwar ruwan sama, musamman a lokacin OND, wanda kuma aka kiyasta zai auku a makare. Wannan jinkiri na takaitaccen lokacin ruwan sama yana da alaka da fadada yanayin zafi mai karfi na Sahara (Saharan Heat Low) karkashin canjin yanayi.<ref name="Dunning 9719–9738">{{cite journal |last1=Dunning |first1=Caroline M. |last2=Black |first2=Emily |last3=Allan |first3=Richard P. |title=Later Wet Seasons with More Intense Rainfall over Africa under Future Climate Change |journal=Journal of Climate |date=December 2018 |volume=31 |issue=23 |pages=9719–9738 |doi=10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0102.1 |bibcode=2018JCli...31.9719D |s2cid=52990163 }}</ref> Sai dai kuma, wasu kirar tsare-tsaren na kiyasin raguwar ruwan sama,<ref name="Rowell 621–633" /><ref name="Bornemann 365–384" /> kuma ga wasu shiyyoyi da lokuta, mafi girman karuwar ruwan sama da aka kiyasta an nuna cewa yana kunshe da hanyoyin da ba su dace ba saboda kura-kurai na tsari na kirar tsare-tsaren.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rowell |first=David P. |date=2019 |title= An Observational Constraint on CMIP5 Projections of the East African Long Rains and Southern Indian Ocean Warming |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |volume=46 |issue=11 |pages=6050–6058 |bibcode=2019GeoRL..46.6050R |doi=10.1029/2019GL082847 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Bugu da kari, sauye-sauyen sinadarai na iska (aerosols) suna tasiri ga sauyin ruwan sama wanda ba a iya kamawa a cikin kiyasin canjin yanayi da dama.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Scannell |first1=Claire |last2=Booth |first2=Ben B. B. |last3=Dunstone |first3=Nick J. |last4=Rowell |first4=David P. |last5=Bernie |first5=Dan J. |last6=Kasoar |first6=Matthew |last7=Voulgarakis |first7=Apostolos |last8=Wilcox |first8=Laura J. |last9=Acosta Navarro |first9=Juan C. |last10=Seland |first10=Øyvind |last11=Paynter |first11=David J. |date=13 September 2019 |title=The Influence of Remote Aerosol Forcing from Industrialized Economies on the Future Evolution of East and West African Rainfall |journal=Journal of Climate |volume=32 |issue=23 |pages=8335–8354 |bibcode=2019JCli...32.8335S |doi=10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0716.1 |doi-access=free |hdl=10044/1/75583 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Rowell 9768–9788">{{Cite journal |last1=Rowell |first1=David P. |last2=Booth |first2=Ben B. B. |last3=Nicholson |first3=Sharon E. |last4=Good |first4=Peter |date=7 October 2015 |title=Reconciling Past and Future Rainfall Trends over East Africa |journal=Journal of Climate |volume=28 |issue=24 |pages=9768–9788 |bibcode=2015JCli...28.9768R |doi=10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0140.1 |s2cid=129146135 }}</ref> Bambanci tsakanin yanayin bushewa na ruwan saman MAM (dogon ruwa) a daidai hantar Gabashin Afirka, tare da yawancin kirar kiyasin da ke nuna za a sami jika a nan gaba an sanya masa lakabi da "dambarar canjin yanayin Gabashin Afirka",<ref name="Rowell 9768–9788" /> kodayake an sami dan farfadowa kwanan nan a cikin ruwan saman.<ref name="Wainwright 1–9" /> Bincike ya nuna cewa yanayin bushewar ba lallai ba ne ya kasance na halitta zalla, amma yana iya kasancewa samfari ne na abubuwa kamar su aerosols maimakon iskar gas mai gurbata muhalli,<ref name="Rowell 9768–9788" /> saboda haka ana bukatar kararin bincike. An nuna bushewar ta faru ne saboda takaitaccen lokacin ruwan sama, kuma tana da alaka da fadada yanayin zafi mai karfi na Larabawa (Arabian Heat Low).<ref name="Wainwright 1–9" /> Sakamakon rashin tabbas a cikin kiyasin ruwan sama, sauye-sauye a farkon lokutan ruwan sama ba su da tabbas a daidai hantar Gabashin Afirka, kodayake kirar kiyasin da dama suna nuna makarin takaitaccen ruwan sama mai yawa.<ref name="Dunning 9719–9738" /> An san cewa tsarin Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) yana ba da gagarumin iko a kan sauye-sauyen shekara-shekara a cikin takaitaccen ruwan sama,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Black |first1=Emily |last2=Slingo |first2=Julia |last3=Sperber |first3=Kenneth R. |date=1 January 2003 |title=An Observational Study of the Relationship between Excessively Strong Short Rains in Coastal East Africa and Indian Ocean SST |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_monthly-weather-review_2003-01_131_1/page/74 |journal=Monthly Weather Review |volume=131 |issue=1 |pages=74–94 |bibcode=2003MWRv..131...74B |doi=10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<0074:AOSOTR>2.0.CO;2 |doi-access=free }}</ref> kuma bincike ya nuna cewa tsananin IOD na iya karuwa karkashin canjin yanayi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cai |first1=Wenju |last2=Wang |first2=Guojian |last3=Gan |first3=Bolan |last4=Wu |first4=Lixin |last5=Santoso |first5=Agus |last6=Lin |first6=Xiaopei |last7=Chen |first7=Zhaohui |last8=Jia |first8=Fan |last9=Yamagata |first9=Toshio |date=12 April 2018 |title=Stabilised frequency of extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole under 1.5 °C warming |journal=Nature Communications |volume=9 |issue=1 |article-number=1419 |bibcode=2018NatCo...9.1419C |doi=10.1038/s41467-018-03789-6 |pmid=29650992 |pmc=5897553 }}</ref> A fadin duniya, ana sa ran canjin yanayi zai kai ga tsanantar ruwan sama, yayin da mamakon ruwan sama ke karuwa cikin sauri tare da dumama fiye da yadda jimillar ruwan sama ke yi.<ref name="Global Warming of 1.5 °C —">{{Cite web |last=IPCC |date=2018 |title=Global Warming of 1.5°C: an IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/ |access-date=2020-02-16 |website=IPCC}}</ref> Binciken baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa a fadin Afirka, ana sa ran kirar kiyasin duniya za su gaza kimanta saurin sauyin wannan tsanantar ruwan sama,<ref name="Kendon-2019" /> kuma sauye-sauye a cikin matakan karshe na ruwan sama na iya yaduwa sosai fiye da wadanda kirar kiyasin duniya suka kiyasta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Finney |first1=Declan L. |last2=Marsham |first2=John H. |last3=Rowell |first3=David P. |last4=Kendon |first4= Elizabeth J. |last5=Tucker |first5=Simon O. |last6=Stratton |first6=Rachel A. |last7=Jackson |first7=Lawrence S. |date=22 January 2020 |title=Effects of explicit convection on future projections of mesoscale circulations, rainfall and rainfall extremes over Eastern Africa |journal=Journal of Climate |volume=33 |issue=7 |pages=2701–2718 |bibcode=2020JCli...33.2701F |doi=10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0328.1 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Sassan kudancin Gabashin Afirka suna samun mafi yawan ruwan samansu ne a cikin lokacin ruwan sama guda daya a lokacin sanyin rabin duniyar kudanci: a fadin Tanzania an kiyasta ruwan saman lokaci zai karu karkashin canjin yanayi na gaba, kodayake akwai rashin tabbas.<ref name="Dunning 9719–9738" /> can gaba zuwa kudanci, a fadin Mozambique, an kiyasta takaitaccen lokacin ruwan sama saboda farawa a makare karkashin canjin yanayi na gaba, shi ma tare da wasu rashin tabbas.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Bin |last2=Liu |first2=De Li |last3=Waters |first3=Cathy |last4=Yu |first4=Qiang |date=2 October 2018 |title=Quantifying sources of uncertainty in projected wheat yield changes under climate change in eastern Australia |journal=Climatic Change |volume=151 |issue=2 |pages=259–273 |bibcode=2018ClCh..151..259W |doi=10.1007/s10584-018-2306-z |s2cid=158743534 }}</ref> A matsayin misali, kasar Kenya tana da babban hadarin fuskantar tasirin canjin yanayi. Babban hadarin yanayi sun hada da fari da ambaliyar ruwa saboda ruwan sama zai kasance mai tsanani da kuma wuyar hasashe. Kirar tsare-tsare na yanayi sun yi hasashen cewa yanayin zafi zai tashi da digiri 0.5 zuło 2 °C.<ref name="World_Bank">{{cite web |author=World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal |title=Kenya (Vulnerability) |url=https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/kenya/vulnerability |access-date=2021-01-28 |archive-date=2023-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001012517/https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/kenya/vulnerability |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin rukunin gidajen marasa galihu na birnin Nairobi, tasirin dumama na tsarin birni (urban heat island) yana kara tsananta matsalar domin yana haifar da yanayin zafi mafi dumi na kewaye. Wannan yana faruwa ne saboda kayayyakin ginin gidaje, rashin samun iska mai kyau, karancin korayen wurare, da karancin damar samun wutar lantarki da sauran ayyuka.<ref name="Hirch_2017">{{cite web |last=Hirch |first=Aurther |date=November 2017 |title=Effects of climate change likely to be more deadly in poor African settlements |url=https://hub.jhu.edu/2017/11/06/deadly-climate-change-disproportionately-affects-africa/}}</ref> === Arewacin Afirka === === Yammacin Afirka da Sahel === Yannkin Yammacin Afirka za a iya raba shi zuwa kananan shiyyoyin yanayi guda hudu wadanda sune Gabar Tekun Guinea, Sudano-Sahel, Sahel (wanda ya shimfidu gabas zuwa iyakar Habasha) da kuma Sahara,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Agyeman |first1=Richard Yao Kuma |last2=Quansah |first2=Emmannuel |last3=Lamptey |first3=Benjamin |last4=Annor |first4=Thompson |last5=Agyekum |first5=Jacob |date=2018 |title=Evaluation of CMIP5 Global Climate Models over the Volta Basin: Precipitation |journal=Advances in Meteorology |volume=2018 |issue=1 |pages=1–24 |doi=10.1155/2018/4853681 |bibcode=2018AdMet201853681A |doi-access=free}}</ref> kowanne yana da yanayin gudanar iska daban-daban. Zagayowar lokutan ruwan sama ya dogara ne mafi yawancinsa akan motsi na kudu-arewa na gungun iska mai haduwa ta yankunan zafi (ITCZ) wanda ke da siffar haduwar iska mai danshi ta yamma maso kudu da iska mai bushewa ta gabas maso arewa wato Hunutu (Harmattan). == Karba-da-daidaitawa == Don rage tasirin canjin yanayi a kasashen Afirka, ana bukatar matakan karba-da-daidaitawa (adaptation) a matakai da dama – tun daga matakin gida (local) zuwa matakin kasa da na shiyya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://climateanalytics.org/media/schaeffer_et_al__2013__africao__s_a_daptation_gap_technical_report.pdf|title=Africa's Adaptation Gap, Technical Report: Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation Challenges, and Costs for Africa|last=Climate Analytics|website=Climate Analytics|access-date=8 March 2021|archive-date=17 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117055339/https://climateanalytics.org/media/schaeffer_et_al__2013__africao__s_a_daptation_gap_technical_report.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Zaman farko na ayyukan karba-da-daidaitawa a Afirka za a iya siffanta su mafi yawanci a matsayin kanana ta fuskar tsari, wadanda suka mayar da hankali kan zuba jari na musamman a fannin aikin noma da kuma yada fasahohi don tallafawa yanke shawara na daidaitawa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Troni |first=Jessica |title=Climate change adaptation in Africa: UNDP synthesis of experiences and recommendations |year=2018 |oclc=1079881730}}</ref> A dabarun baya-bayan nan, kokarin shirye-shiryen ya karkata zuwa ga manyan ayyuka da aka tsara su cikin hadin gwiwa, wadanda ke tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi fannoni da dama lokaci guda. A cewar wani bincike na shekarar 2023, kashi 59 cikin dari na bankunan Afirka suna da tsarin manufofin canjin yanayi da aka riga aka kafa, yayin da wani kashi 22 cikin dari ke shirin aiwatar da hakan. Kashi 65 cikin dari na bankunan a halin yanzu suna yin la'akari da hadarin yanayi yayin kimanta sabbin abokan ciniki ko ayyuka, yayin da wani kashi 23 cikin dari ke sa ran yin hakan a nan gaba.<ref name="EIB-2023"/> [[File:Green_finance_opportunities_and_products_(%_of_surveyed_African_banks).png|thumb|upright=1.35|Damammaki da kayayyakin hada-hadar kudi na kore (Green finance) daga bankunan da aka gudanar da bincike a kansu a cikin binciken Bankunan Afirka na Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai<ref name="eib.org">{{Cite web|title=Finance in Africa report finds that banks want to move faster into green lending|url=https://www.eib.org/en/essays/africa-green-lending|access-date=2021-12-10|website=European Investment Bank|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Bank">{{Cite book|last=Bank|first=European Investment|url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/economic-report-finance-in-africa-green-smart-inclusive-private-sector-development|title=Finance in Africa: for green, smart and inclusive private sector development|date=18 November 2021|publisher=European Investment Bank|isbn=978-92-861-5063-0|language=EN}}</ref>]] Inganta fasahar hasashen yanayi a yankin Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara yana da muhimmanci wajen bayar da bayanai don mayar da martani ga canjin yanayi,<ref name="Youds-2021">{{Cite journal|last1=Youds|first1=L.|last2=Parker|first2=D. J.|last3=Adefisan|first3=E. A.|last4=Antwi-Agyei|first4=P.|last5=Bain|first5=C. L.|last6=Black|first6=E. C. L.|last7=Blyth|first7=A. M.|last8=Dougill|first8=A. J.|last9=Hirons|first9=L. C.|date=13 May 2021|title=GCRF African SWIFT White Paper Policy Brief: The future of African weather forecasting|url=http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/174093/|access-date=2021-05-13|website=eprints.whiterose.ac.uk|language=en|doi=10.5518/100/67}}</ref> domin taimakawa wajen yanke shawara da ke da alaka da karba-da-daidaitawa da canjin yanayi misali.<ref name="Youds-2021" /> Yayin Babban Taron Kasashen da ke Cikin Yarjejeniya karo na 21 (COP21) a shekarar 2015, shugabannin kasashen Afirka sun kaddamar da Tsarin Karba-da-daidaitawa na Afirka (Africa Adaptation Initiative - AAI). Kwamitin gudanarwa na AAI ya kunshi Ofishin Taron Ministocin Afirka kan Muhalli (AMCEN) da kuma shugaban Rukunin Masu Tattaunawa na Afirka (AGN).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://africaadaptationinitiative.org/|title=AAI|accessdate=4 August 2024}}</ref> Haka kuma, Kungiyar Tarayyar Turai tana tallafawa Tsarin Karba-da-daidaitawa na Afirka.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.africa.undp.org/content/rba/en/home/presscenter/pressreleases/2020/european-union-ramps-up-support-to-africa-adaptation-initiative-.html|title = European Union ramps up support to Africa Adaptation Initiative|website = United Nations Development Programme|date = 22 January 2020|access-date = 9 June 2026|archive-date = 10 May 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210510103326/https://www.africa.undp.org/content/rba/en/home/presscenter/pressreleases/2020/european-union-ramps-up-support-to-africa-adaptation-initiative-.html|url-status = dead}}</ref> Kungiyar Tarayyar Turai ta yi gungun gwiwa da Tarayyar Afirka kan inganta dorewar gudanar da albarkatun kasa, juriya ta muhalli, da rage tasirin canjin yanayi (climate change mitigation)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance |title=Strengthening Resilience, Peace, Security and Governance |access-date=13 December 2023 |archive-date=10 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510085847/https://africa-eu-partnership.org/en/strategic-priority-areas/strengthening-resilience-peace-security-and-governance }}</ref> A matakin shiyya, kafa manufofi da ayyuka na shiyya don tallafawa karba-da-daidaitawa a fadin Afirka har yanzu suna matakin farko. Rahoton Kimantawa na Biyar na IPCC (AR5) ya bayyana misalan tsare-tsaren ayyuka na canjin yanayi na shiyyoyi daban-daban, ciki har da wadanda Kungiyar Ci gaban Kasashen Kudancin Afirka (SADC) da Kwamitin Kogin Tafkin Victoria suka samar.<ref name=":0r" /> A matakin kasa, an gudanar da shirye-shiryen farko da dama na daidaitawa ta hanyar Shirye-shiryen Ayyuka na Kasa na Karba-da-daidaitawa (NAPAs) ko Dabarun Mayar da Martani ga Canjin Yanayi na Kasa (NCCRS). Sai dai kuma, aiwatar da su ya kasance cikin jinkiri, tare da samun nasarori mabambanta a fannin isarwa.<ref name = date>{{Cite journal|last1=Pardoe|first1=Joanna|last2=Conway|first2=Declan|last3=Namaganda|first3=Emilinah |last4=Vincent|first4=Katharine|last5=Dougill|first5=Andy|last6=Kashaigili|first6=Japhet|date=2018|title=Climate Change and the Water-Energy-Food Nexus: Policy and Practice in Tanzania.|journal= Climate Policy|volume=18|issue=7|pages=863–877|doi=10.1080/14693062.2017.1386082|doi-access=free}}</ref> Sanya batun canjin yanayi cikin tsare-tsaren tattalin arziki da ci gaba mafi fadin gaske har yanzu yana da iyaka kodayake yana ci gaba da bunkasa.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Lessons learned in preparing national adaptation programmes of action in Eastern and Southern Africa|last1=Osman-Elasha|first1=Balgis|last2=Downing|first2=Tom | publisher = Stockholm Environment Institute|year=2007}}</ref><ref name=":0r" /> A matakin kasa da na gida (subnational), hukumomin larduna da na birni da dama su ma suna samar da dabarunsu na kansu, misali Dabarun Mayar da Martani ga Canjin Yanayi na Western Cape.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.westerncape.gov.za/text/2015/march/western_cape_climate_change_response_strategy_2014.pdf|title=Western Cape Climate Change Response Strategy|last=Western Cape Government|date=2014|access-date=8 March 2021|archive-date=20 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220102835/https://www.westerncape.gov.za/text/2015/march/western_cape_climate_change_response_strategy_2014.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Duk da haka, matakan iya aiki na fasaha da albarkatun da ke akwai don aiwatar da tsare-tsaren gaba daya suna da karanci. An ba da hankali sosai a fadin Afirka ga aiwatar da ayyukan karba-da-daidaitawa na tushen al'umma (community-based adaptation). Akwai amincewa gaba daya cewa mafi kyawun hanyar tallafawa daidaitawa a matakin gida ita ce farawa da irin karfin daidaitawa na cikin gida da ke akwai riga, da kuma yin amfani da ilimin gargajiya da ayyukan gida.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ofoegbu|first1=Chidiebere|last2=Chirwa|first2=Paxie|last3=Francis|first3=Joseph|last4=Babalola|first4=Folaranmi|date=15 May 2017|title=Assessing vulnerability of rural communities to climate change: A review of implications for forest-based livelihoods in South Africa|journal=International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management|volume=9|issue=3|pages=374–386|doi=10.1108/IJCCSM-04-2016-0044 |hdl=2263/61659|hdl-access=free}}</ref> [[File:Climate risk approach (%25 of surveyed African banks).png|thumb|upright=1.35|Sakamakon da ya shafi tsarin fuskantar hadarin yanayi na bankunan Afirka (% na bankunan da aka gudanar da bincike a kansu) daga binciken Bankunan Afirka na Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai na shekarar 2021<ref name="eib.org"/><ref name="Bank"/>]] Hukumar IPCC ta bayyana hanyoyi da dama masu nasara don inganta daidaitawa mai tasiri a Afirka, inda ta bayyana ka'idoji guda biyar na gama gari.<ref name=":0r" /> Wadannan sun hada da: # Habaka tallafi ga hanyoyin daidaitawa masu zaman kansu (autonomous forms of adaptation); # Kara mayar da hankali ga la'akari na al'ada, dabi'u, da hakki na daidaitawa (musamman ta hanyar shigar da mata, matasa, da matalauta da mutane masu rauni sosai a cikin ayyukan daidaitawa); # Hadawa tsakanin zabuka na "hanyoyin sanyaya gwiwa" (soft path) da hanyoyin koyo masu sauki da maimaitawa tare da hanyoyin fasaha da ababen more rayuwa (gami da hada ilimin kimiyya, na gida, da na gargajiya wajen samar da dabarun daidaitawa); # Mayar da hankali kan inganta juriya da aiwatar da zabukan daidaitawa wadanda ba sa da da-na-sani (low-regrets options); da kuma # Gina tsarin gudanarwa mai dacewa da kuma karfafa tsarin koyo na zamantakewa da na hukumomi a cikin ayyukan daidaitawa. Rahoton Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya mai taken "Adaptation to Climate Change in Africa Plan of Action for the Health Sector 2012–2016"<ref name="WHO-2012">World Health Organization. (2012). Adaptation to climate change in Africa plan of action for the health sector 2012–2016. Retrieved from http://www.afro.who.int/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=7699&Itemid=2593</ref> an tsara shi ne don "samar da cikakken martani da hadin gwiwa na fannin lafiya bisa hujjoji ga bukatun karba-da-daidaitawa ga canjin yanayi na kasashen Afirka domin tallafawa kudurori da fifikon gwamnatocin Afirka."<ref name="WHO-2012" /> Tsarin aikin ya kunshi manufofi kamar fadada ayyukan lafiyar jama'a, daidaita kokari a matakin kasa da kasa, karfafa gungun gwiwa da kokarin hadin gwiwa, da kuma inganta bincike kan tasirin canjin yanayi gami da matakan inganci da aka dauka a al'ummomin gida don rage sakamakon canjin yanayi.<ref name="WHO-2012" /> A cewar Asusun Lamuni na Duniya (IMF), yankin Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara yana bukatar kararin dalar Amurka biliyan $30 zuwa $50 kowace shekara a fannin samar da kudade don daidaitawa da tasirin canjin yanayi.<ref name="Bank"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sub-Saharan Africa: One Planet, Two Worlds, Three Stories|url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2021/10/20/pr21306-sub-saharan-africa-one-planet-two-worlds-three-stories|access-date=2021-12-06|website=IMF|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Dept|first=International Monetary Fund African|url=https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/books/086/28915-9781513536835-en/ch02.xml|title=2. Adapting to Climate Change in Sub-Saharan Africa|date=15 April 2020|publisher=International Monetary Fund|isbn=978-1-5135-3683-5|language=en|access-date=13 December 2023|archive-date=23 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523061856/https://www.elibrary.imf.org/view/books/086/28915-9781513536835-en/ch02.xml}}</ref> Kudaden tallafin yanayi a Gabas Ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka sun kai jimillar dalar Amurka biliyan $32.6 (wato kashi 2 cikin dari na jimillar duniya) a shekarar 2019/2020, yayin da juna jari na yanayi a yankin Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara ya kasance dalar Amurka biliyan $43.8 (kashi 3 cikin dari na jimillar duniya).<ref name="EIB-2023">{{Cite book |last=Bank |first=European Investment |url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/20230088-finance-in-africa |title=Finance in Africa: Uncertain times, resilient banks: African finance at a crossroads |date=2023-09-27 |publisher=European Investment Bank |isbn=978-92-861-5598-7 |language=EN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-15 |title=Climate Finance Regional Briefing: Middle East and North Africa (2020) - Climate Funds Update |url=https://climatefundsupdate.org/publications/climate-finance-regional-briefing-middle-east-and-north-africa-2020/ |access-date=2023-10-31 |language=en-US}}</ref> A cewar binciken Bankunan Afirka na Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai na shekarar 2021, hukumomin Afirka suna kara fahimtar bukatar magance hatsarin da ke tattare da canjin yanayi kuma suna fara amfani da damammaki a fannin samar da kudaden kore (green financing). Misali, kashi 54 cikin dari na bankunan da aka yi bincike a kansu sun dauki canjin yanayi a matsayin wani lamari na dabarun aiki, kuma fiye da kashi 40 cikin dari suna da ma'aikata da ke mayar da hankali kan fannonin da suka shafi yanayi.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Importer|first=A. P. O.|date=18 November 2021|title=EIB study highlights impact of COVID on African banks and business financing and opportunities for climate finance and digital transformation|url=https://africa.businessinsider.com/apo/eib-study-highlights-impact-of-covid-on-african-banks-and-business-financing-and/205d41n|access-date=2021-12-06|website=Business Insider Africa|language=en}}</ref> Bankunan Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara suna kara fadada ayyukansu na dijital, lamarin da annobar COVID-19 ta hanzarta shi. Mafi yawancin bankunan da aka gudanar da bincike a kansu sun bayyana cewa annobar ta hanzarta takun sauyin dijital (digital transformation), kuma wannan sauyi zai kasance na din-din-din.<ref>{{Cite web|title=EIB President highlights new gender and digital investment initiatives to accelerate economic recovery across Africa|url=https://www.eib.org/en/press/all/2021-165-eib-president-highlights-new-gender-and-digital-investment-initiatives-to-accelerate-economic-recovery-across-africa|access-date=2021-12-06|website=European Investment Bank|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=European Investment Bank Development Report|url=https://www.eib.org/attachments/thematic/the_eib_development_report_2021_en.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616085058/https://www.eib.org/attachments/thematic/the_eib_development_report_2021_en.pdf |archive-date=2021-06-16 }}</ref><ref name="Bank"/> Matalauta da marasa galihu sune suka fi fuskantar barazana, inda ma'aikata 'yan gudun hijira, 'yan gudun hijirar yaki, da sauran rukunoni da aka ware a cikin al'umma ke fuskantar wahala mafi tsanani. Kudin shiga na kowane mutum (GDP per capita) ba shi da tabbacin zai koma matakan shekarar 2019 har sai zuwa shekarar 2024, tare da barazanar sake faduwa kasa, kuma rikicin ya mayar da baya ga raguwar da aka yi hasashen samu na yawan matalauta, a cewar IMF. Idan aka kwatanta da hasashen kafin rikicin, wannan na iya haifar da kararin mutane miliyan 30 a yankin Afirka da ke kudu da Sahara da za su rayu cikin matsananciyar talauci nan da shekarar 2021, gami da kararin mutane miliyan tara a yankin Gabas Ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka (MENA).<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Selassie|first1=Abebe Aemro|last2=Department|first2=Habtamu Fuje IMF African|title=Seven Charts that Show Sub-Saharan Africa at a Crucial Point|url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2021/10/20/na102021-seven-charts-that-show-sub-saharan-africa-at-a-crucial-point|access-date=2021-12-06|website=IMF|language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa shekarar 2023, kusan kashi daya bisa uku na dukkan kudaden tallafin yanayi na Afirka yana kwarara ne zuwa manyan kasuwanni guda biyar: Maroko (kashi 7 cikin dari na juna jari na yanayi na Afirka a cikin 2019/2022), Najeriya (kashi 7), Kenya (kashi 7), Habasha (kashi 6), da Afirka ta Kudu (kashi 5).<ref name="EIB-2023"/> A cikin shekaru goman da suka gabata, juna jari na kai-tsaye na ketare na kore (greenfield foreign direct investment) a fadin duniya ya ragu a kan matakin kashi 3 cikin dari a kowace shekara, inda gudunmuwar Afirka ga duniya ta fado daga kashi 12 cikin dari a shekarar 2017 zuwa kasa da kashi 6 cikin dari a shekarar 2021.<ref name="EIB-2023"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=World Investment Report 2023 |url=https://unctad.org/publication/world-investment-report-2023 |access-date=2023-10-31 |website=UNCTAD |language=en}}</ref> === Matakan karba-da-daidaitawa a Arewacin Afirka === [[File:Climate change specific personnel (%25 of surveyed African banks).png|thumb|upright=1.35|Ma'aikata na musamman kan canjin yanayi a bankunan Afirka da aka gudanar da bincike a kansu a cikin binciken Bankunan Afirka na Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai (% na bankunan Afirka da aka gudanar da bincike a kansu)]] Babban matakan daidaitawa a arewacin Afirka suna da alaka da karuwar hadarin karancin ruwa (sakamakon haduwar canjin yanayi da ke shafar samun ruwa da kuma karuwar bukatarsa). Ragwar samun ruwa, a gefe guda, yana cudanya da karuwar yanayin zafi don haifar da bukatar daidaitawa tsakanin noman alkama na ruwan sama<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hegazy|first1=A. K.|last2=Medany|first2=M. A.|last3=Kabiel|first3=H. F.|last4=Maez|first4=M. M.|date=2008|title=Spatial and temporal projected distribution of four crop plants in Egypt|journal=Natural Resources Forum|volume=32|issue=4|pages=316–326|doi=10.1111/j.1477-8947.2008.00205.x |bibcode=2008NRF....32..316H }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Drine|first=I.|date=May 2011|title=Climate Change Compounding Risks in North Africa |url=https://www.wider.unu.edu/publication/climate-change-compounding-risks-north-africa|website=United Nations University-World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER) |type=Working Paper No. 32}}</ref> da kuma sauyin hadarin cututtuka (misali daga cutar leishmaniasis).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bounoua|first1=L.|last2=Kahime|first2=K.|last3=Houti|first3=L.|last4=Blakey|first4=T.|last5=Ebi|first5=K.L.|last6=Zhang|first6=P.|last7=Imhoff|first7=M.L.|last8=Thome|first8=K.J.|last9=Dudek|first9=C.|date=2013|title=Linking climate to incidence of zoonotic cutaneous Leishmaniasis (L. major) in Pre-Saharan North Africa|journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health|volume=10|issue=8|article-number=3172–3191|doi=10.3390/ijerph10083172|pmid=23912199|pmc=3774431|doi-access=free|bibcode=2013IJERP..10.3172B }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Toumi|first1=Amine|last2=Chlif|first2=Sadok|last3=Bettaieb|first3=Jihene|last4=Alaya|first4=Nissaf Ben|last5=Boukthir|first5=Aicha|last6=Ahmadi|first6=Zaher E.|last7=Salah|first7=Afif Ben|date=May 2012|editor-last=Ozcel|editor-first=Mehmet Ali|title=Temporal Dynamics and Impact of Climate Factors on the Incidence of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Central Tunisia|journal=PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases|volume=6|issue=5|article-number=e1633|doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001633|pmid=22563513|pmc=3341328 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Mafi yawancin ayyukan gwamnati na daidaitawa sun mayar da hankali ne a kan fannin samar da ruwa, misali ta hanyar kawar da gishirin ruwan teku (desalination), canja wurin ruwa tsakanin kwaruruka da kuma ginin madatsun ruwa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sowers |first1=Jeannie |last2=Vengosh |first2=Avner |last3=Weinthal |first3=Erika |title=Climate change, water resources, and the politics of adaptation in the Middle East and North Africa |journal=Climatic Change |date=February 2011 |volume=104 |issue=3–4 |pages=599–627 |doi=10.1007/s10584-010-9835-4 |bibcode=2011ClCh..104..599S |hdl=10161/6460 |s2cid=37329318 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> An kuma lura cewa hijira tana zama wata hanya ta daidaitawa ga daidaikun mutane da gidaje a arewacin Afirka.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Scheffran |first1=Jürgen |last2=Marmer |first2=Elina |last3=Sow |first3=Papa |title=Migration as a contribution to resilience and innovation in climate adaptation: Social networks and co-development in Northwest Africa |journal=Applied Geography |date=April 2012 |volume=33 |pages=119–127 |doi=10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.10.002 |bibcode=2012AppGe..33..119S }}</ref> Kamar yankuna da dama, duk da haka, misalan ayyukan daidaitawa na zahiri (sabanin niyyar yin aiki, ko kimanta fuskantar barazana) daga Arewacin Afirka suna da iyaka – wani bincike mai zurfi da aka wallafa a shekarar 2011 === Matakan karba-da-daidaitawa a Yammacin Afirka === Samun ruwa babban hadari ne na musamman a Yammacin Afirka, inda munanan abubuwan da ke faruwa kamar fari ke haifar da rikice-rikicen bil'adama da ke da alaka da lokutan yunwa, karancin abinci, raba mutane da muhallansu, hijira gami da rikici da rashin tsaro. Dabarun daidaitawa za su iya kasancewa na muhalli, na al'ada/na fannin noma (agronomic) da kuma na tattalin arziki.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shaibu |first1=M. T. |last2=Alhassan |first2=S. I. |last3=Panyan |first3=E. K. |last4=Avornyo |first4=F. K. |last5=Konlan |first5=S. P. |last6=Salifu |first6=S. |title=An Assessment of Institutional Importance of Climate Change Adaptation in the Volta River Basin of Northern Ghana |journal=West African Journal of Applied Ecology |date=2018 |volume=26 |pages=27–40 |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/wajae/article/view/182464 }}</ref> Dabarun daidaitawa suna bayyana fili a fannin aikin noma, inda wasu daga cikinsu bincike na yau da kullum ko tashoshin gwaji suka samar ko suka inganta su.<ref name=":6r">{{Cite journal |last1=Kuwornu |first1=John K. M. |last2=Al-Hassan |first2=Ramatu M. |last3=Etwire |first3=Prince Maxwell |last4=Osei-Owusu |first4=Yaw |date=2013 |title=Adaptation strategies of smallholder farmers to climate change and variability: Evidence from northern Ghana |journal=Information Management and Business Review |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=233–239 |doi=10.22610/imbr.v5i5.1047 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Sauye-sauyen aikin noma na gargajiya da aka lura da su a arewacin Ghana sun shafi amfanin gona, kasa, ko kuma sun shafi ayyukan al'adu.<ref name=":6r" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Alhassan |first1=S. I. |last2=Shaibu |first2=M. T. |last3=Kuwornu |first3=J. K. M. |last4=Damba |first4=O. T. |title=Factors Influencing Farmers' Awareness and Choice of Indigenous Practices in Adapting to Climate Change and Variability in Northern Ghana |journal=West African Journal of Applied Ecology |date=2018 |volume=26 |pages=1–13 |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/wajae/article/view/182462 }}</ref> Daidaitawar aikin noma na dogaro da dabbobi sun hada da dabarun gargajiya kamar daidaita yawan abincin da ake ba dabbobi, adana isasshen abinci a lokacin wadata don ciyar da dabbobi a lokacin rani, warkar da raunuka da maganin da aka yi da bawon wasu bishiyoyi, da kuma rike nau'ikan dabbobi na gida wadanda riga suka saba da yanayin arewacin Ghana;<ref>{{Cite book|chapter=Perceptions and Determinants of the Adoption of Indigenous Strategies for Adaptation to Climate Change: Evidence from Smallholder Livestock Farmers, North-West Ghana |editor= Kuwornu, J. K. M. |title=Climate Change in Sub-saharan Africa: The vulnerability and adaptation of food supply chains actors |author1=Shaibu, M. T. |author2=Alhassan, I. S. |author3=Avornyo, F. K. |author4=Lawson, E. T. |author5=Mensah, A. |author6=Gordon, C.|publisher=Vernon Press|year=2019|pages=223–240}}</ref> da fasahoyin samar da dabbobi da suka hada da kiwo, lafiya, abinci/mai gina jiki, da kuma wurin kwana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fao.org/4/v8180t/v8180t0y.htm|title=A classification of livestock production systems|website=www.fao.org|accessdate=4 August 2024}}</ref> Zabi da kuma amfani da dabarun daidaitawa sun dogara ne a matakai daban-daban a kan abubuwan da suka shafi alkaluman jama'a (demographic factors) kamar girman iyali, shekaru, jinsi, da ilimin shugaban iyali; abubuwan tattalin arziki kamar tushen kudin shiga; girman gona; ilimi game da zabukan daidaitawa; da kuma tsammanin abubuwan da za su faru a nan gaba.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Apata, T. G.|date=2011|title=Factors influencing the perception and choice of adaptation measures to climate change among farmers in Nigeria. Evidence from farm households in Southwest Nigeria|journal=Environmental Economics|volume=2|issue=4|pages=74–83}}</ref> === Matakan karba-da-daidaitawa a Gabashin Afirka === A Gabashin Afirka zabukan daidaitawa sun bambanta, ciki har da inganta amfani da bayanan yanayi, ayyuka a fannin aikin noma da kiwon dabbobi, da kuma fannin albarkatun ruwa. Yin amfani da ingantattun bayanan yanayi da na sararin samaniya, hasashen yanayi, da sauran kayan aikin gudanarwa yana ba da damar samun bayanai akan lokaci da kuma shirye-shiryen mutane a fannoni kamar aikin noma da ke dogaro da yanayi. Wannan yana nufin kwarewa a kan bayanan ruwa da yanayi (hydro-meteorological information) da tsarin gargadi na dauri.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Snow|first1=John|url=https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/climate-and-disaster-resilience-/weather-and-climate-systems---africa.html|title=A New Vision for Weather and Climate Services in Africa|date=28 October 2016|publisher=UNDP}}</ref> An bayyana cewa al'ummomin gargajiya suna da ilimi a kan canje-canjen yanayi na tarihi ta hanyar alamun muhalli (misali bayyana da kuma hijirar wasu tsuntsaye, malam buɗe-littafi da sauransu), don haka inganta ilimin gargajiya an dauke shi a matsayin muhimmiyar dabarar daidaitawa. Daidaitawa a fannin aikin noma<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.epa.gov/regulatory-information-sector/agriculture-sectors-crop-naics-111-and-animal-naics-112|title=Agriculture Sectors: Crop (NAICS 111) and Animal (NAICS 112)|date=22 February 2013}}</ref> ya kunshi kara amfani da taki na takin gargajiya da taki na musamman don amfanin gona, amfani da nau'ikan amfanin gona masu juriya da kuma amfanin gona masu nuna da wuri. Taki na gargajiya, musamman takin dabbobi, ana tunanin yana rike da ruwa kuma yana da kwayoyin cuta (microbes) masu mahimmanci wadanda ke fasa abubuwan gina jiki don samar da su ga tsirrai, idan aka kwatanta da takin zamani wanda ke da sinadarai wadanda lokacin da aka sake su ga muhalli saboda yawan amfani da su ke fitar da iskar gas mai dumama yanayi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Biological Manipulation of Manure: Getting What You Want from Animal Manure|url=https://extension.psu.edu/biological-manipulation-of-manure-getting-what-you-want-from-animal-manure|access-date=2020-11-24|website=Penn State Extension|language=en}}</ref> babban rauni daya na fannin aikin noma a Gabashin Afirka shi ne dogaro da aikin noma na ruwan sama.<ref>{{cite report |last1=Hengsdijk |first1=H. |last2=Smit |first2=A. a. M. F. R. |last3=Conijn |first3=J. G. |last4=Rutgers |first4=B. |last5=Biemans |first5=H. |title=Agricultural crop potentials and water use in East Africa |date=2014 |publisher=Plant Research International |oclc=880257653 }}{{page needed|date=January 2024}}</ref> Mafita ta daidaitawa ita ce ingantaccen tsarin ban ruwa da ingantaccen tsarin adana ruwa da amfani da shi. Noman ban ruwa na digo (drip irrigation) an gano shi musamman a matsayin wani zabi mai kiyaye ruwa domin yana tura ruwa kai tsaye zuwa tushen shuka tare da karancin barna. Kasashe kamar Rwanda da Kenya sun ba da fifiko wajen samar da wuraren ban ruwa ta hanyar amfani da tsarin ruwa na magudanar juriya daga koramu da koguna na din-din-din a yankunan da ke fuskantar barazanar fari mai tsawo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Republic of Rwanda|title=NAPA-RWANDA|url=https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/napa/rwa01e.pdf}}</ref> Lokacin da aka yi ruwan sama mai karfi, yankuna da dama suna fuskantar ambaliyar ruwa sakamakon filaye marasa gashi saboda sare bishiyoyi da karancin ciyayi a kasa. Dabarun daidaitawa da aka duba don wannan shi ne inganta kokarin kiyaye kariya ga kasa, ta hanyar dasa bishiyoyi na gida, kare wuraren dake rike da ruwa da kuma gudanar da filayen kiwo ta hanyar rarraba shiyyoyi.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Abuya|first1=Robina|last2=Said|first2=Mohammed|last3=Atela|first3=Joanes|last4=Muhwanga|first4=Joseph|last5=Moiko|first5=Stephen|last6=Atieno|first6=Fred|last7=Ndiritu|first7=Simon|year=2019|title=Contexualising Pathways to Resilience in Kenya's ASALs under the Big Four Agenda|url=http://www.kenyamarkets.org/publications/kmt-prise-project/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808104609/http://www.kenyamarkets.org/publications/kmt-prise-project/|archive-date=8 August 2019|access-date=8 August 2019|website=Kenya Markets Trust}}</ref> Ga fannin kiwon dabbobi, zabukan daidaitawa sun kunshi gudanar da samarwa ta hanyar dorewar gudanar da kasa da makiyaya a cikin tsarin muhalli. Wannan ya kunshi inganta hanyoyin samar da ciyawa da abincin dabbobi misali ta hanyar ban ruwa da amfani da ruwan da aka tace daga kazanta, da kuma mayar da hankali kan zuba jari wajen adana ciyawa don amfani da ita a lokacin rani. Kula da dabbobi ana daukarsa ne a matsayin hanyar rayuwa maimakon aikin tattalin arziki. A duk fadin kasashen Gabashin Afirka musamman a yankunan busassun filaye (ASALs), an bayyana cewa inganta sayar da dabbobi a matsayin kasuwanci wani zabi ne na daidaitawa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Political Economy Analysis of Kenya's Livestock Sector (Abridged Version)|url=http://www.kenyamarkets.org/publications/political-economy-analysis-of-kenyas-livestock-sector-abridged-version/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808104609/http://www.kenyamarkets.org/publications/political-economy-analysis-of-kenyas-livestock-sector-abridged-version/|archive-date=8 August 2019|access-date=8 August 2019|website=Kenya Markets Trust}}</ref> Wannan ya kunshi amfani da tsarin tattalin arziki wajen samar da abincin dabbobi, gano asalin dabbobi, inganta bukatar kayayyakin dabbobi kamar nama, madara da fata da kuma hadawa da kasuwanni na musamman don inganta kasuwanci da samar da kudin shiga.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kenya Meat End-Market Trends Study|url=http://www.kenyamarkets.org/publications/kenya-meat-end-market-trends-study/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808104612/http://www.kenyamarkets.org/publications/kenya-meat-end-market-trends-study/|archive-date=8 August 2019|access-date=8 August 2019|website=Kenya Markets Trust}}</ref> A fannin albarkatun ruwa, zabukan sun hada da ingantaccen amfani da ruwa ga gidaje, dabbobi da amfani na masana'antu da kuma kare hanyoyin samun ruwa. Kamfen kamar dasa bishiyoyi na gida a wuraren da ke rike da ruwa, sarrafa ayyukan bil'adama kusa da wuraren rike da ruwa musamman aikin noma da matsugunai an gudanar da su don taimakawa wajen kare albarkatun ruwa da kuma samar da damar samun ruwa ga al'ummomi musamman lokacin matsalolin yanayi. '''Kwamoras''' – "NAPA ita ce fadada aiki na Takardar Dabarun Rage Talauci (PRSP), domin ta kunshi a cikin abubuwan da ta sanya a gaba na daidaitawa, aikin noma, kamun kifi, ruwa, gidaje, lafiya, har ma da yawon bude ido, ta hanyar da ba kai tsaye ba, ta hanyar sake gina gangaren kwatami da yaki da zaftarewar kasa, don haka kiyaye duwatsun karkashin teku ta hanyar takaita tabo da ke fitowa daga kasa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Action Programme of Adaptation to climate change (NAPA)|url=http://www.preventionweb.net/files/8507_com01e.pdf}}</ref>" '''Kenya''' ta kafa Dokar Canjin Yanayi ta shekarar 2016 wadda ta kafa hukuma don kula da ci gaba, gudanarwa, aiwatarwa da kuma tsara hanyoyin inganta juriya ga canjin yanayi da ci gaba mai karancin carbon don ci gaba mai dorewa, ta hanyar Gwamnatocin Kasa da na Sassa (Counties), kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, kungiyoyin farar hula, da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki. Kenya ta kuma samar da Tsarin Aikin Canjin Yanayi na Kasa (NCCAP 2018–2022 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223062046/http://www.kcckp.go.ke/nccap-ii-2018-2022/ |date=23 December 2019 }}''')''' wanda ke da nufin ci gaba da manufofin ci gaban kasar ta hanyar samar da hanyoyi da matakai don cimma ci gaba mai juriya ga yanayi mai karancin carbon a hanyar da ta ba da fifiko ga daidaitawa. === Matakan karba-da-daidaitawa a Tsakiyar Afirka === '''Angola''' – "Manufar Shirye-shiryen Ayyuka na Kasa na Karba-da-daidaitawa ita ce gano tare da isar da gaggawa da bukatun kasar nan take game da daidaitawa ga canjin yanayi, don kara juriya ga Angola ga sauyin yanayi da canjin yanayi don tabbatar da nasarar shirye-shiryen rage talauci, manufofin ci gaba mai dorewa da kuma Manufofin Ci Gaban Karni da Gwamnati ke bi."<ref>{{citation |title=Analysis of Human Rights Language in the Cancun Agreements UNFCCC 16th Session of the Conference of the Parties|doi=10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-9986-0022}}</ref> === Matakan karba-da-daidaitawa a Kudancin Afirka === An gudanar da tsare-tsare da dama a matakin gida (takamaiman wurare), matakin kasa da na shiyya da nufin karfafa juriya ga canjin yanayi. Wasu daga cikin wadannan sun hada da: Shirin Canjin Yanayi na Shiyya (RCCP),<ref>{{cite web|title=Regional Climate Change Programme, Southern Africa|website=OneWorld|url=https://oneworldgroup.co.za/oneworld-projects/southern-african-regional-climate-change-programme-rccp/|access-date=8 August 2019|archive-date=8 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808044011/https://oneworldgroup.co.za/oneworld-projects/southern-african-regional-climate-change-programme-rccp/|url-status=dead}}</ref> SASSCAL,<ref>{{cite web|title=SASSCAL – Southern African Science Service Centre for Climate Change and Adaptive Land Management|url=http://www.sasscal.org/|access-date=8 August 2019}}</ref> ASSAR,<ref>{{cite web|title=Adaptation at Scale in Semi-Arid Regions|url=http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/|access-date=8 August 2019|website=www.assar.uct.ac.za}}</ref> Karba-da-daidaitawa ga Canjin Yanayi na UNDP,<ref>{{cite web|title=Southern Africa |website=UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/southern-africa|access-date=8 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808131738/https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/southern-africa |archive-date=2019-08-08}}</ref> RESILIM,<ref>{{cite book|title=Risk, Vulnerability & Resilience in the Limpopo River basin: Climate Change, water and biodiversity – a synthesis|publisher=OneWorld|year=2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Resilience in the Limpopo Basin (RESILIM) Program|publisher=Chemonics International Inc|year=2017}}</ref> FRACTAL.<ref>{{cite web|title=FRACTAL — Future Resilience for African CiTies And Lands|url=http://www.fractal.org.za/|access-date=8 August 2019}}</ref> Afirka ta Kudu ta aiwatar da Babban Shirin Bincike na Hanyoyin Daidaitawa na Dogon Lokaci (LTAS) daga watan Afrilu 2012 zuwa Yuni 2014. Wannan binciken ya kuma samar da takardun gaskiya da rahoton fasaha da ya shafi yankin SADC mai taken "Climate Change Adaptation: Perspectives for the Southern African Development Community (SADC)".<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/reports/ltasfactsheet_perspectiveforSADC.pdf|title=Climate change adaptation: Southern African Development Community (SADC)|access-date=8 March 2021|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124013002/https://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/reports/ltasfactsheet_perspectiveforSADC.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> '''Madagascar''' – fannonin da aka ba wa fifiko don daidaitawa sune: aikin noma da kiwon dabbobi, gandun daji, lafiyar jama'a, albarkatun ruwa da yankunan gabar teku.<ref>{{cite web|title=Madagascar|url=http://www.ldc-climate.org/country/madagascar/|website=LDC Climate Change |date=6 January 2018 }}</ref> '''Malawi''' – NAPA ta gano abubuwa masu zuwa a matsayin ayyuka mafi fifiko don daidaitawa: "Inganta juriyar al'umma ga canjin yanayi ta hanyar samar da dorewar hanyoyin rayuwa a karkara, Maido da gandun daji a Upper da Lower Shire Valleys don rage daskarewar kasa da matsalolin kwararar ruwa da ke tattare da hakan, Inganta ayyukan gona a karkashin ruwan sama mara tabbas da sauye-sauyen yanayi, Inganta shirin Malawi don fuskantar fari da ambaliyar ruwa, da kuma Inganta sanya idanu kan yanayi don bunkasa karfin gargadin dauri na Malawi da yanke shawara da kuma dorewar amfani da albarkatun Tafkin Malawi da yankunan gabar tafkin<ref>{{Cite web|title=REPUBLIC OF MALAWI. MALAWI'S NATIONAL ADAPTATION PROGRAMMES OF ACTION (NAPA) ..|url=http://www.unfccc.int/resource/docs/napa/mwi01.pdf}}</ref>". Kuma a cewar Rahoton Yanayi da Ci Gaban Kasa (CCDR) na Bankin Duniya na Malawi, kasar za ta iya "daukar matakai don kaddamar da zuba jari a cikin ababen more rayuwa masu juriya ga yanayi da kuma dakatar da lalacewar kasa da asarar gandun daji don inganta yawan aikin gona da kama carbon" <ref>{{Cite web|title=Climate-Informed Economic Development Key to Malawi's Future Growth and Resilience |website=World Bank |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2022/10/27/climate-informed-economic-development-key-to-malawi-s-future-growth-and-resilience}}</ref>" '''Mauritius''' – yakamata daidaitawa ta mayar da hankali kan fannoni masu fifiko kamar haka: albarkatun gabar teku, aikin noma, albarkatun ruwa, kamun kifi, lafiya da jin dadin rayuwa, canjin amfanin kasa da gandun daji da kuma rayuwun halittu daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mauritius |website=UNDP Climate Change Adaptation|date=27 November 2018 |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/mauritius|access-date=8 August 2019}}</ref> '''Mozambique''' – "Tsare-tsaren daidaitawa da aka gabatar sun shafi fannoni daban-daban na ci gaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewa, kuma sun bayyana ayyukan da suka shafi rage tasirin bala'o'i, samar da matakan daidaitawa ga canjin yanayi, yaki da zaftarewar kasa a yankunan da ke da matsananciyar kwararar hamada da yankunan gabar teku, dasa bishiyoyi da kuma gudanar da albarkatun ruwa."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mozambique National Adaptation Programs of Action (NAPA)|website=Climate and Development Learning Platform|url=https://www.climatelearningplatform.org/mozambique-national-adaptation-programme-action-napa|access-date=2019-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218230435/https://www.climatelearningplatform.org/mozambique-national-adaptation-programme-action-napa|archive-date=2023-02-18|url-status=dead}}</ref>" '''Rwanda''' ta samar da Shirin Aiki na Kasa na Karba-da-daidaitawa (NAPA 2006) wanda ke dauke da bayanai don jagorantar masu tsara manufofi na kasa da masu tsara shirye-shirye a kan matsaloli masu fifiko da daidaitawa a fannonin tattalin arziki masu mahimmanci.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=January 2012|journal=USAID|title=Climate Change Adaptation in Rwanda|url=https://www.climatelinks.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/rwanda_adaptation_fact_sheet_jan2012.pdf|access-date=2026-06-09|archive-date=2022-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207011141/https://www.climatelinks.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/rwanda_adaptation_fact_sheet_jan2012.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kasar ta kuma samar da manufofi na sassa daban-daban kan daidaitawa ga canjin yanayi kamar Vision 2020, Manufar Muhalli ta Kasa da Manufar Aikin Noma da sauransu.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Ochieng|first1=Cosmas|title=Climate Change Adaptation in Rwanda's Agricultural Sector: A Case Study from Kirehe District, Eastern Province|last2=Khaemba|first2=Winnie|last3=Mwaniki|first3=Ruchathi|last4=Kimotho|first4=Stephen|date=September 2017|publisher=Defending the Voiceless - Climate and Environmental Justice in Africa}}</ref> '''Tanzania''' – Tanzania ta bayyana matakan daidaitawa masu fifiko a cikin NAPA dakarunta, da dabarun sassa na kasa daban-daban da kuma sakamakon bincike.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=USAID|title=Climate Change Adaptation in Tanzania|url=https://www.climatelinks.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/tanzania_adaptation_fact_sheet_jan2012.pdf|journal=USAID|access-date=2026-06-09|archive-date=2021-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231235521/https://www.climatelinks.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/tanzania_adaptation_fact_sheet_jan2012.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> NAPA ta yi nasarar karfafa sanya batun canjin yanayi a cikin manufofin sassa a Tanzania; sai dai kuma, hadin gwiwar sassa daban-daban da ke da muhimmanci wajen aiwatar da dabarun daidaitawa ya kasance mai iyaka saboda kalubalen hukumomi kamar rashin daidaiton iko, karancin kasafi da kuma tsarin tsuke fuska na sassa.<ref name="date" /> Mafi yawancin ayyukan a Tanzania sun shafi aikin noma da gudanar da albarkatun ruwa (ban ruwa, kiyaye ruwa, taran ruwan sama); sai dai kuma, makamashi da yawon bude ido su ma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=United Republic of Tanzania |website=UNDP Climate Change Adaptation|url= https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania|access-date=8 August 2019}}</ref> '''Zambia''' – "NAPA ta gano bukatun gaggawa na daidaitawa guda 39 da kuma fannoni guda 10 masu fifiko a cikin sassan aikin noma da samar da abinci (kiwon dabbobi, kamun kifi da amfanin gona), makamashi da ruwa, lafiyar bil'adama, albarkatun kasa da namun daji."<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Adaptation Programme of Action on Climate Change (Zambia) |website=The REDD Desk|url=http://www.theredddesk.org/countries/plans/national-adaptation-programme-action-climate-change-zambia|access-date=2019-08-08 |archive-date=2019-08-29|url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829030222/http://theredddesk.org/countries/plans/national-adaptation-programme-action-climate-change-zambia}}</ref> '''Zimbabwe''' – "Sauran matakan dabarun da tsarin NAP zai dauka sune: Karfafa rawar da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ke takawa wajen tsara daidaitawa, Habaka karfin Gwamnati na samar da ayyukan da bankuna za su iya ba da kudi ta hanyar horarwa, Inganta gudanar da bayanan baya na yanayi don sanar da tsara canjin yanayi, Tsara dabarun tattara albarkatu na gaba don gano asali da neman kudaden tallafin yanayi na kasa da kasa tunda bukatar kudi a halin yanzu ta kasance mafi yawanci bayan abu ya faru, tare da mayar da hankali kan agajin gaggawa maimakon rage hadarin canjin yanayi, shiri da daidaitawa, Samar da daidaitaccen tsarin sa ido da manufofin kimantawa ga shirye-shirye da ayyuka, tunda hukumomi da dama a cikin gwamnati ba su da tsari na bai-daya na sa ido da kimantawa a halin yanzu."<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Roadmap for Zimbabwe|url=http://www.napglobalnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/napgn-en-2019-nap-roadmap-for-zimbabwe.pdf |website=NAP Global Network |date=April 2019}}</ref> '''Lesotho''' – "Babban burin tsarin NAPA sun kunshi: gano al'ummomi da hanyoyin rayuwa da suka fi fuskantar barazana ga canjin yanayi, samar da jerin ayyukan da za su samar da tushen shirin aiki na kasa na karba-da-daidaitawa, da kuma isar da gaggawa da bukatun kasar nan take da kuma abubuwan da suka sa gaba domin gina karfin daidaitawa ga canjin yanayi."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.adaptation-undp.org/sites/default/files/downloads/lso_napa.pdf|title=Lesotho's National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) on Climate Change|accessdate=4 August 2024|archive-date=6 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006210644/https://www.adaptation-undp.org/sites/default/files/downloads/lso_napa.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>" '''Namibia''' – muhimman batutuwa na daidaitawa sune "Samar da abinci da dorewar tushen albarkatun halittu, Dorewar tushen albarkatun ruwa, Lafiyar bil'adama da jin dadin rayuwa gami da bunkasa ababen more rayuwa."<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1163/9789004322714_cclc_2017-0228-011 |title=Youth Files Climate Case with India's Environmental Court |oclc=1312587857 |date=2017 |publisher=Our Children's Trust }}</ref> '''Afirka ta Kudu''' ta amince a watan Agusta 2020 da Dabarunta na Kasa na Karba-da-daidaitawa ga Canjin Yanayi, wanda "ke aiki a matasayin tattaunawa ta bai-daya don kokarin daidaitawa ga canjin yanayi a Afirka ta Kudu, kuma yana samar da tsari inda za a iya bayyana manufofin daidaitawa ga canjin yanayi na kasa don samar da jagoranci ga dukkan sassan tattalin arziki."<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2020 |title=South Africa's National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy approved |url=https://www.dffe.gov.za/mediarelease/nationalclimatechange_adaptationstrategy_ue10november19 |website=Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries}}</ref>" == Ilimin gargajiya da sabbin dabarun cikin gida == Yayin da manyan shirye-shiryen gwamnati da asusun kasa da kasa ke tafiyar da manyan manufofin sauyin yanayi, al'ummomin yau da kullum a fadin Afirka sun dogara kacokan ga ilimin yanayin kasa na gargajiya (TEK) domin tsira<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Antwi-Agyei |first1=Philip |last2=Nyantakyi-Frimpong |first2=Hanson |date=2021-01-27 |title=Evidence of Climate Change Coping and Adaptation Practices by Smallholder Farmers in Northern Ghana |journal=Sustainability |language=en |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=1308 |doi=10.3390/su13031308 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2021Sust...13.1308A |issn=2071-1050}}</ref>. Wannan wani sashi ne na fahimta, fasaha, da falsafar da al'ummomin gida suka bunkasa danyen daruruwan shekaru ta hanyar saduwa kai tsaye da dabi'a. Wadannan ayyuka da aka gwada cikin lokaci suna ba mutane hanyoyi masu amfani na cikin gida don hango yanayi, adana ruwa, da kuma kiyaye aikin gona da rai duk da sauyin yanayi. === Hasashen yanayi na gargajiya === Tun kafin zuwan wayoyin salula da manhajojin yanayi na zamani, al'ummomin manoma da makiyaya na karkara sun yi amfani da nasu hanyoyin na hango yanayi. Masana na cikin gida suna lura da alamun dabi'a da kyau don hango fari ko mamakon ruwan sama, kamar: * Hanyoyin hijira na ba-zata na tsuntsayen gida. * Takamaiman lokaci na shekara da wasu bishiyoyi ke fara fure. * Sauye-sauyen jagorancin iska da bayyanar taurari da daddare. Alal misali, kungiyoyin makiyaya a Gabashin Afirka suna kallon yadda dabbobinsu ke nuna hali sannan suna bin diddigin zirga-zirgar namun daji don yanke shawarar hanyoyin da za su bi, domin tabbatar da cewa dabbobinsu sun sami ruwa da ciyawa a lokacin fari.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Alemayehu |first1=Dejene |last2=Hizkeal |first2=Yitebarek |date=2022-06-30 |title=The Relevance and Practices of Indigenous Weather Forecasting Knowledge among the Gabra Pastoralists of Southern Ethiopia |url=https://www.jaeid.it/index.php/jaeid/article/view/12295 |journal=Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development (JAEID) |volume=116 |issue=1 |pages=59–76 |doi=10.36253/jaeid-12295 |issn=2240-2802}}</ref> A yau, masana kimiyya suna fahimtar cewa hada wadannan alamun gargajiya da kimiyyar yanayi na zamani yana haifar da gargaɗin da manoman gida ke amincewa da shi kuma suke amfani da shi. === Dabarun adana kasa da ruwa === A yankunan da ke fuskantar fadada kwararar hamada da ruwan sama maras tabbas, al'ummomi sun dawo da dabarun sarrafa filaye na da can masu dabarun gaske.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Salack |first1=Seyni |last2=Sanfo |first2=Safiétou |last3=Sidibe |first3=Moussa |last4=Daku |first4=Elidaa K. |last5=Camara |first5=Ibrahima |last6=Dieng |first6=Mame Diarra Bousso |last7=Hien |first7=Koufanou |last8=Torou |first8=Bio Mohamadou |last9=Ogunjobi |first9=Kehinde O. |last10=Sangare |first10=Sheick Ahmed Khalil S. B. |last11=Kouame |first11=Konan Raoul |last12=Koffi |first12=Yao Bernard |last13=Liersch |first13=Stefan |last14=Savadogo |first14=Moumini |last15=Giannini |first15=Alessandra |date=2022-10-25 |title=Low-cost adaptation options to support green growth in agriculture, water resources, and coastal zones |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=12 |issue=1 |article-number=17898 |doi=10.1038/s41598-022-22331-9 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=9596419 |pmid=36284114 |bibcode=2022NatSR..1217898S }}</ref> A yankin Sahel, musamman a Burkina Faso da Nijar, manoma suna amfani da tsohuwar dabarar hakar kasa da ake kira '''Zaï'''<ref name=":2">{{Citation |last1=L. Woomer |first1=Paul |title=Blending Climate Action and Rural Development in Africa's Sahel |date=2023-03-29 |work=Sustainable Rural Development Perspective and Global Challenges |editor-last=Özçatalbaş |editor-first=Orhan |url=https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/81496 |access-date=2026-06-06 |publisher=IntechOpen |language=en |doi=10.5772/intechopen.103817 |isbn=978-1-80355-420-4 |last2=Roobroeck |first2=Dries |last3=Yelognisse Alia |first3=Didier}}</ref> Maimakon yin huda a fili madaidanci, manoma suna gina ramuka masu zurfi a cikin kasa mai tauraro sannan su cika kasan da abubuwan gina jiki na dabi'a kamar takin gargajiya (takin dabba). Wannan tsari mai dabarun gaske yana yin abubuwa guda biyu: yana kama kowane digo na ruwan sama da ba a cika samunsa ba, sannan takin yana janyo gara, wadanda ke hakar rami a karkashin kasa da ke sanyaya kasar da ke da tauraro ta dabi'a domin saiwar shuka ta iya girma.<ref name=":2" /> Manoma kuma suna gina ganyayen duwatsu wadangan katanga ne na duwatsu marasa tsawo da ake jerawa a kan magudanar ruwa na dabi'a na tuddansu. Lokacin da aka yi ruwan sama na ba-zata kuma mai karfi, wadannan layukan duwatsu suna rage gudu ga ruwan da ke gudu da karfi, suna hana shi wanke saman kasa mai kyau da ke dauke da abinci sannan suna ba ruwan lokacin da zai taba cikin kasa.<ref name=":1" /> A kudanci da gabashin Afirka, al'ummomi suna amfani da dabarun aikin gona na dabi'a tare da bishiyoyi ta hanyar ajiye takamaiman bishiyoyi, kamar Faidherbia albida, daidai a cikin gonakin amfanin gona. Wadannan bishiyoyi suna zubar da ganye a lokacin damina sannan su fito da su a lokacin rani, ma'ana ba sa toshe hasken rana daga samun amfanin gona; maimakon haka, suna kara abinci ga kasa ta dabi'a kuma suna rage yanayin zafi na kasa lokacin tsananin zafi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Haskett |first1=Jonathan D. |last2=Simane |first2=Belay |last3=Smith |first3=Caitlin |date=2019-11-01 |title=Energy and Climate Change Mitigation Benefits of Faidherbia albida Agroforestry in Ethiopia |journal=Frontiers in Environmental Science |volume=7 |article-number=146 |doi=10.3389/fenvs.2019.00146 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2019FrEnS...7..146H |issn=2296-665X}}</ref> === Banbancen amfanin gona da adana iri === Domin tabbatar da cewa ba su rasa dukkan abincinsu ba a lokacin dogon fari, manoman gida suna aiki kamar nasu masana kimiyya ta hanyar adana irin amfanin gona na gida.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Aniah |first1=Philip |last2=Kaunza-Nu-Dem |first2=Millar Katherine |last3=Ayembilla |first3=Joseph A. |date=April 2019 |title=Smallholder farmers' livelihood adaptation to climate variability and ecological changes in the savanna agro ecological zone of Ghana |journal=Heliyon |language=en |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=e01492 |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01492 |doi-access=free |pmc=6479268 |pmid=31049426 |bibcode=2019Heliy...501492A }}</ref> Irin amfanin gona na kasuwanci na zamani galibi suna buƙatar cikakken adadin ruwa da takin zamani masu tsada don su tsira. Sabanin haka, amfanin gona na gargajiya kamar geryo, dawa, da rari sun saba danyen daruruwan shekaru don jure fari da kwari ta dabi'a. Al'ummomi suna gudanar da bankunan adana iri na cikin gida don raba wadannan ire-iren amfanin gona masu juriya da juna ta yadda kowa zai kasance yana da amfanin gona da ya dace da sauyin yanayin gidansu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Antwi-Agyei |first1=Philip |last2=Nyantakyi-Frimpong |first2=Hanson |date=2021-01-27 |title=Evidence of Climate Change Coping and Adaptation Practices by Smallholder Farmers in Northern Ghana |journal=Sustainability |language=en |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=1308 |doi=10.3390/su13031308 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2021Sust...13.1308A |issn=2071-1050}}</ref> Suna kuma yin aikin hada shuka (intercropping), wato nufin dasa amfanin gona daban-daban daidai kusa da juna, kamar masara da wake.<ref name=":1" /> Waken mai ganye yana sanyaya kasar don kiyaye damshinta, yana tabbatar da cewa ko da masarar ta mutu saboda zafi, iyalai har yanzu suna da madadin amfanin gona da zasu girbe. == Al'umma da al'ada == === Rashin daidaito a binciken sauyin yanayi === Duk da cewa Afirka na daya daga cikin nahiyoyin da sauyin yanayi zai fi shafa, rashin daidaito na tsari da sauran son kai da ke da alaka da binciken kimiyya da tallafi na nufin cewa kadan ne kawai daga cikin kimiyyar da aka wallafa game da sauyin yanayi da tallafin binciken sauyin yanayi ke zuwa ga masana kimiyyar Afirka.<ref name="Carbon Brief-2021">{{Cite web|date=5 October 2021|title=Analysis: The lack of diversity in climate-science research|url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-the-lack-of-diversity-in-climate-science-research|access-date=2021-11-15|website=Carbon Brief|language=en}}</ref> Wani bincike da aka gudanar kan kudaden bincike daga shekarar 1990 zuwa 2020 na sauyin yanayi, ya gano cewa kashi 78% na kudaden bincike kan sauyin yanayi a Afirka an kashe su ne a cibiyoyin Turai da Arewacin Amurka, kuma an kashe kudade da dama ga tsoffin kasashen da Burtaniya ta yi wa mulkin mallaka fiye da sauran kasashe.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Overland |first1=Indra |last2=Fossum Sagbakken |first2=Haakon |last3=Isataeva |first3=Aidai |last4=Kolodzinskaia |first4=Galina |last5=Simpson |first5=Nicholas Philip |last6=Trisos |first6=Christopher |last7=Vakulchuk |first7=Roman |title=Funding flows for climate change research on Africa: where do they come from and where do they go? |journal=Climate and Development |date=14 September 2022 |volume=14 |issue=8 |pages=705–724 |doi=10.1080/17565529.2021.1976609 |s2cid=244210557 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022CliDe..14..705O |hdl=11250/2832233 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Wannan tsari na parachute science (binciken saukar lafima), a daya bangaren yana hana masu bincike na cikin gida gudanar da ayyuka masu muhimmanci saboda ba su da tallafin kudi na gudanar da bincike na gwaje-gwaje, sannan yana rage zuba jari ga dabarun masu bincike na cikin gida da kuma batutuwa masu muhimmanci ga kasashen Kudancin Duniya (Global South), kamar dabarun juriya da sauyin yanayi.<ref name="Carbon Brief-2021" /> Kimanin dorewar ci gaba na gaskiya yana da wahala saboda rashin tsarin zuba jari mai dorewa, da kuma karancin bayanai da iyakancewar damar gudanarwa. A halin yanzu, kasa da rabin manyan asusun fansho na Afirka ne ke bayar da rahoton bayanai kan manufofin dorewa da yadda ake aiwatar da su.<ref>{{cite book |author1=European Investment Bank |title=Unlocking Sustainable Private Sector Growth in the Middle East and North Africa |date=2022 |isbn=978-92-861-5220-7 |hdl=20.500.12657/57821 |doi=10.1596/37601 |hdl-access=free |doi-access=free |s2cid=250211092 }}{{page needed|date=January 2024}}</ref><ref name="EIB-2023"/> Hukumar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Kasuwanci da Ci gaba - Ma'aikatan Kasa da Kasa na Kididdiga da Rahoto (UNCTAD-ISAR) ta kafa Kungiyar Hadin Gwiwar Yankin Afirka don Dorewa da Rahoton SDG a shekarar 2022. Hadin gwiwar yana da mambobi 53 ya zuwa watan Maris na shekarar 2023, ciki har da cibiyoyin sadarwa na kasa na nauyin da ya rataya a wuyan kamfanoni ga al'umma da/ko ma'aikatun gwamnati daga kasashen Afirka 27.<ref name="EIB-2023" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=African Regional Partnership meeting on sustainability and SDG reporting |website=UN Trade and Development |url=https://unctad.org/isar/meeting/african-regional-partnership-meeting-sustainability-and-sdg-reporting |access-date=2023-10-31 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=UNCTAD ANNUAL REPORT 2022 |url=https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/osg2023d1_en.pdf}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} == Mahaɗu == {{Commons category|Climate change in Africa}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231005135809/https://futureclimateafrica.org/ Future Climate For Africa programme] * [https://www.uneca.org/acpc African Climate Policy Centre] (ACCP) goal is to contribute to poverty reduction through successful mitigation and adaptation to climate change in Africa and to improve the capacity of African countries to participate effectively in multilateral climate negotiations. * [https://www.amma2050.org/ African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis 2050] (AMMA-2050) aim to address the challenges of understanding how the monsoon will change in future decades, to 2050, and how this information can be most effectively used to support climate-compatible development in the region. * {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20161113010948/http://cariaa.net/home-0 Collaborative Adaptation Research Initiative in Africa and Asia]}} (CARIAA) builds resilience by supporting collaborative research on climate change adaptation to inform adaptation policy and practice. * [https://wascal.org/ West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use] (WASCAL) is a research-focused Climate Service Centre designed to help tackle this challenge and thereby enhance the resilience of human and environmental systems to climate change and increased variability in West Africa. dra9nipi4ndehgrnucaecgii7sx17oc 0 18312 975036 443338 2026-11-01T21:12:02Z Beehra 15944 /* Tarihin rayuwa */ 975036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abd El Aziz Seif-Eldeen''' (An haife shi ne a ranar 3 ga watan Yuni, 1949) ya kasan ce kuma Laftana-Janar ne na Sojojin Masar . == Tarihin rayuwa == Ya shiga kwalejin soja a 1968, kuma ya kammala karatunsa bayan shekaru biyu. Seif-Eldeen ya ci gaba zuwa mukamin kwamanda na Sojojin Sama na Masar a 2005. Ya kasance memba na Majalisar koli ta Sojojin da suka zama mambobi a Masar lokacin da Mubarak ya yi murabus a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu, 2011.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/02/201121185311711502.html| author=Al Jazeera| author-link=Al Jazeera English| title=Egypt's military leadership |date=February 11, 2011 |access-date=February 11, 2011| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110212055830/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/02/201121185311711502.html| archive-date= 12 February 2011 | url-status= live}}</ref> {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{S-start}} {{s-mil}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=Commander of the [[Egyptian Air Defence Forces]]}} {{S-aft}} {{S-end}} gp4agstaw2fnymji62jk1rh00m4y9f1 0 19220 974906 299686 2026-11-01T16:37:32Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 974906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Ramy_Ayach.jpg|right|thumb| Ramy Ayach]] '''Ramy Ayach''' ( {{Lang-ar|رامي عياش}} ) mawaƙin [[Lebanon]] ne. An haifeshi ne a 18 ga watan Agusta, 1980 a Baakleen, Lebanon . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=http://www.ramyayach.com/biography.php |access-date=2021-03-14 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304223125/http://www.ramyayach.com/biography.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ayach shine na fari a wajen mahaifinsa sa. Ya tashi cikin tsaunukan Lebanon. Ya fahimci waƙarsa kuma ya fara waƙa a wuraren jama'a. Sannan ya zama ɗayan mashahuran mawaƙa [[Yankin Larabawa|Larabawa]] [[Gabas ta Tsakiya|a Gabas ta Tsakiya]]. == Sana,a == [[File:Ramy_Ayach_in_Dubai_-_March_22,_2013.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Ramy Ayach a Dubai - Maris 22, 2013]] == Manazarta == == Sauran yanar gizo == * [http://www.facebook.com/ramyayach.raf Ramy Ayach A Facebook] * [http://www.ramyayach.com Ramy Ayach Tashar Yanar Gizo] * [http://www.rotana.net Rotana Records Arabia] [[Category:Mawaƙa]] [[Category:Mutanen Asiya]] kl7qppf08fuiwl76z8uafywx9fd5z8i 974907 974906 2026-11-01T16:38:48Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 974907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Ramy_Ayach.jpg|right|thumb| Ramy Ayach]] '''Ramy Ayach''' ( {{Lang-ar|رامي عياش}} ) mawaƙin [[Lebanon]] ne. An haifeshi ne a 18 ga watan Agusta, 1980 a Baakleen, Lebanon . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=http://www.ramyayach.com/biography.php |access-date=2021-03-14 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304223125/http://www.ramyayach.com/biography.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ayach shine na fari a wajen mahaifinsa sa. Ya tashi cikin tsaunukan Lebanon. Ya fahimci waƙarsa kuma ya fara waƙa a wuraren jama'a. Sannan ya zama ɗayan mashahuran mawaƙa [[Yankin Larabawa|Larabawa]] [[Gabas ta Tsakiya|a Gabas ta Tsakiya]]. == Sana,a == Kiɗa Ramy Ayach ya shahara a shekarar 1997, lokacin da ya lashe kyautar farko a gasar nuna hazaka ta ƙasashen Larabawa mai suna "Studio Al Fan".[3] Ba da daɗewa ba, a shekarar 1998, Ramy Ayach ya fitar da kundin waƙoƙinsa na farko mai taken "Ra2e3". Wannan kundin ya samu karɓuwa sosai daga masu sharhi da kuma nasarar kasuwanci, tare da waƙoƙi irin su "Bghanila w bde2ela" da "la3younak bade ghane" waɗanda suka shahara sosai a fannin waƙoƙin zamani (pop). Baya ga kasancewarsa mawaƙi, Ramy Ayach yana rubuta waƙoƙi kuma yana iya kaɗa kayan kiɗa daban-daban, ciki har da piano, oud, da bass. Bayan samun babban nasara a fannin kiɗa a duk faɗin yankin Larabawa da kuma tsakanin al'ummar Larabawa da ke zaune a sassan duniya daban-daban, magoya bayansa sun ba shi lakabin "Pop Star" (babban tauraron waƙoƙin zamani). A tsawon aikinsa, an karrama Ramy Ayach tare da ba shi kyaututtuka da dama, saboda gudummawar da ya bayar a fannin kiɗa da kuma ayyukan jin ƙai da taimakon jama'a da yake gudanarwa. Farkon Fara Aiki: 1997–2001 A shekarar 1998, Ramy Ayach ya fitar da kundin waƙoƙinsa na farko, "Ra2e3". An sanya wa kundin sunan ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin da ke cikinsa, wadda ta shahara sosai kuma aka fara fitar da ita a shekarar 1997. A shekarar 1999, Ayach ya fitar da kundinsa na biyu, "Mo3jiza", sannan a shekara ta gaba ya fitar da na uku, "Diwan Al Hob", sai kuma na huɗu, "W al2ah", a shekarar 2001. Matsayin Tauraron Waƙoƙin Zamani da Nasara a Matakin Duniya: 2002–zuwa yanzu A shekarar 2002, Ramy Ayach ya fitar da kundinsa na biyar, "Albi Mal", wanda aka sanya wa suna bisa taken waƙar da ke jagorantar kundin. A shekarar 2004, Ayach ya fitar da kundinsa na shida, "Ya Msahar 3eni". Ana ɗaukar wannan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan nasarorin da ya taɓa samu, inda ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi masu shahara irin su "Ya Msahar 3eni" da kuma waƙar "Mabrouk" — waƙar da ake kunnawa a kusan dukkan bukukuwa a duniyar Larabawa. A shekarar 2007, mawakin ya fitar da wani kundin wakoki da ya yi matukar shahara mai suna "Habaytak Ana", wanda ya bayyana kwarewar muryarsa. Kundin ya kunshi wakoki da dama da suka yi fice, kuma hakan ya ba shi damar yin wasanni a manyan cibiyoyin wasan kwaikwayo na Opera da ke Alkahira da Alexandria a kasar Masar. Ayach shi ne mawaki na farko daga kasashen Larabawa da ya yi wasa a wadannan cibiyoyi guda biyu, inda tikitin shiga ya kare gaba daya a wuraren biyu. Nasarar da ya samu a wadannan wasanni a Masar ta sa kafofin yada labaran kasar suka ba shi lakabin "Amir Al Tarab" (wato Yarima ko Sarkin waka/kiɗa). Shekarar 2009 ta kasance wani muhimmin lokaci a rayuwar Ramy Ayach, inda ya yi waka tare da shahararren mawakin kasar Masar, Ahmad Adawiya. Su biyun sun fitar da wakar "El Nas el Ray2a", wacce ta shahara sosai kuma ta kasance a saman jerin wakokin da aka fi sauraro a duniyar Larabawa na tsawon shekara guda. A shekarar 2010, Ayach ya fitar da kundinsa na 8 mai suna "Gharami". Wannan kundin, wanda mutane da yawa suka yi ta jira, ya nuna sauyi a salon wakokin mawakin. Ya kunshi wakoki irin su "Effrah Fiki" da "Majnoun/Tal El Sahar", wadanda suka yi fice saboda salon su na zamani da na daban. Bugu da kari, bidiyon wakokin da ke cikin kundin sun ba shi lambar yabo ta "Mafi Kyawun Bidiyon Waka" a taron bayar da kyaututtuka na Murex d'Or. Kundin baki daya kuma ya lashe kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Aikin Fasaha" a taron Murex d'Or na shekarar 2012. A shekarar 2012, Ramy Ayach ya fitar da wata waka mai suna "Jebran", wacce ta samu karbuwa sosai daga masu sharhi da kuma jama'a. Ayach da kansa ne ya tsara wakar "Jebran". A shekarar 2015, Ayach ya fitar da wakar "Yala Nor2os", waka ce ta bukukuwa mai dauke da saurin bugun kiɗa—salon da yanzu ya zama alamar da aka san Ayach da ita. A shekarar 2016, ya fitar da wakar "7keye Jeye" a matsayin wakar jigon shahararren shirin talabijin mai suna "Amir El Leil", wanda shi ne ya taka rawar gani a matsayin babban jarumi a ciki. Wakar "7keye Jeye" ta kasance a saman jerin wakokin da aka fi sauraro a duniyar Larabawa na tsawon watanni da dama. A shekarar 2017, Ramy Ayach ya fitar da kundin wakoki mai taken "Ya 7abib Al 9alb". Dan wasan kwaikwayo A shekarar 2015, Ramy Ayach ya fara fitowa a matsayin babban jarumi a fannin wasan kwaikwayo, a cikin fim din nan mai cike da ban sha'awa da tashin hankali na kasashen Larabawa mai suna "Paparazzi".[4][5] A shekarar 2016, Ayach ya sake fitowa a wani shirin wasan kwaikwayo mai dogon zango na kasashen Larabawa mai suna "Amir El Leil",[6] wanda ya kunshi labarin tarihi game da rayuwar wani mutum dan kasar Lebanon mai suna Omar Chehab, a lokacin da kasar Lebanon ke karkashin ikon Faransa. Matsayin da Ayach ya taka a matsayin Yarima Omar Chehab ya sa ya samu yabo sosai daga masu sharhi, har ma ya lashe kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Jarumi kuma Mawaki" a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Murex d'Or na shekarar 2017,[7][8] tare da lashe kyautar Murex d'Or ta "Mafi Kyawun Wakar Shekara". An fara haska shirin a tashar talabijin ta LBC (tashar da ke kasar Lebanon kuma ke watsa shirye-shirye ga dukkan kasashen Larabawa) a watan Satumbar 2016; shirin ya kunshi sassa 76, inda aka nuna sashe na karshe a watan Fabrairun 2017. Shirin "Amir El Leil" ya samu gagarumar nasara ta fuskar kasuwanci, shahara, da kuma yabo daga masu sharhi, inda ya zama shirin wasan kwaikwayo da ya fi kowanne samun masu kallo.[[File:Ramy_Ayach_in_Dubai_-_March_22,_2013.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Ramy Ayach a Dubai - Maris 22, 2013]] == Manazarta == == Sauran yanar gizo == * [http://www.facebook.com/ramyayach.raf Ramy Ayach A Facebook] * [http://www.ramyayach.com Ramy Ayach Tashar Yanar Gizo] * [http://www.rotana.net Rotana Records Arabia] [[Category:Mawaƙa]] [[Category:Mutanen Asiya]] nbo9569yqjxkwi26smer9hqymkrerwz 974908 974907 2026-11-01T16:39:45Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 974908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Ramy_Ayach.jpg|right|thumb| Ramy Ayach]] '''Ramy Ayach''' ( {{Lang-ar|رامي عياش}} ) mawaƙin [[Lebanon]] ne. An haifeshi ne a 18 ga watan Agusta, 1980 a Baakleen, Lebanon . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=http://www.ramyayach.com/biography.php |access-date=2021-03-14 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304223125/http://www.ramyayach.com/biography.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ayach shine na fari a wajen mahaifinsa sa. Ya tashi cikin tsaunukan Lebanon. Ya fahimci waƙarsa kuma ya fara waƙa a wuraren jama'a. Sannan ya zama ɗayan mashahuran mawaƙa [[Yankin Larabawa|Larabawa]] [[Gabas ta Tsakiya|a Gabas ta Tsakiya]]. == Sana,a == '''Kiɗa''' Ramy Ayach ya shahara a shekarar 1997, lokacin da ya lashe kyautar farko a gasar nuna hazaka ta ƙasashen Larabawa mai suna "Studio Al Fan".[3] Ba da daɗewa ba, a shekarar 1998, Ramy Ayach ya fitar da kundin waƙoƙinsa na farko mai taken "Ra2e3". Wannan kundin ya samu karɓuwa sosai daga masu sharhi da kuma nasarar kasuwanci, tare da waƙoƙi irin su "Bghanila w bde2ela" da "la3younak bade ghane" waɗanda suka shahara sosai a fannin waƙoƙin zamani (pop). Baya ga kasancewarsa mawaƙi, Ramy Ayach yana rubuta waƙoƙi kuma yana iya kaɗa kayan kiɗa daban-daban, ciki har da piano, oud, da bass. Bayan samun babban nasara a fannin kiɗa a duk faɗin yankin Larabawa da kuma tsakanin al'ummar Larabawa da ke zaune a sassan duniya daban-daban, magoya bayansa sun ba shi lakabin "Pop Star" (babban tauraron waƙoƙin zamani). A tsawon aikinsa, an karrama Ramy Ayach tare da ba shi kyaututtuka da dama, saboda gudummawar da ya bayar a fannin kiɗa da kuma ayyukan jin ƙai da taimakon jama'a da yake gudanarwa. '''Farkon Fara Aiki: 1997–2001''' A shekarar 1998, Ramy Ayach ya fitar da kundin waƙoƙinsa na farko, "Ra2e3". An sanya wa kundin sunan ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin da ke cikinsa, wadda ta shahara sosai kuma aka fara fitar da ita a shekarar 1997. A shekarar 1999, Ayach ya fitar da kundinsa na biyu, "Mo3jiza", sannan a shekara ta gaba ya fitar da na uku, "Diwan Al Hob", sai kuma na huɗu, "W al2ah", a shekarar 2001. Matsayin Tauraron Waƙoƙin Zamani da Nasara a Matakin Duniya: 2002–zuwa yanzu A shekarar 2002, Ramy Ayach ya fitar da kundinsa na biyar, "Albi Mal", wanda aka sanya wa suna bisa taken waƙar da ke jagorantar kundin. A shekarar 2004, Ayach ya fitar da kundinsa na shida, "Ya Msahar 3eni". Ana ɗaukar wannan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan nasarorin da ya taɓa samu, inda ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi masu shahara irin su "Ya Msahar 3eni" da kuma waƙar "Mabrouk" — waƙar da ake kunnawa a kusan dukkan bukukuwa a duniyar Larabawa. A shekarar 2007, mawakin ya fitar da wani kundin wakoki da ya yi matukar shahara mai suna "Habaytak Ana", wanda ya bayyana kwarewar muryarsa. Kundin ya kunshi wakoki da dama da suka yi fice, kuma hakan ya ba shi damar yin wasanni a manyan cibiyoyin wasan kwaikwayo na Opera da ke Alkahira da Alexandria a kasar Masar. Ayach shi ne mawaki na farko daga kasashen Larabawa da ya yi wasa a wadannan cibiyoyi guda biyu, inda tikitin shiga ya kare gaba daya a wuraren biyu. Nasarar da ya samu a wadannan wasanni a Masar ta sa kafofin yada labaran kasar suka ba shi lakabin "Amir Al Tarab" (wato Yarima ko Sarkin waka/kiɗa). Shekarar 2009 ta kasance wani muhimmin lokaci a rayuwar Ramy Ayach, inda ya yi waka tare da shahararren mawakin kasar Masar, Ahmad Adawiya. Su biyun sun fitar da wakar "El Nas el Ray2a", wacce ta shahara sosai kuma ta kasance a saman jerin wakokin da aka fi sauraro a duniyar Larabawa na tsawon shekara guda. A shekarar 2010, Ayach ya fitar da kundinsa na 8 mai suna "Gharami". Wannan kundin, wanda mutane da yawa suka yi ta jira, ya nuna sauyi a salon wakokin mawakin. Ya kunshi wakoki irin su "Effrah Fiki" da "Majnoun/Tal El Sahar", wadanda suka yi fice saboda salon su na zamani da na daban. Bugu da kari, bidiyon wakokin da ke cikin kundin sun ba shi lambar yabo ta "Mafi Kyawun Bidiyon Waka" a taron bayar da kyaututtuka na Murex d'Or. Kundin baki daya kuma ya lashe kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Aikin Fasaha" a taron Murex d'Or na shekarar 2012. A shekarar 2012, Ramy Ayach ya fitar da wata waka mai suna "Jebran", wacce ta samu karbuwa sosai daga masu sharhi da kuma jama'a. Ayach da kansa ne ya tsara wakar "Jebran". A shekarar 2015, Ayach ya fitar da wakar "Yala Nor2os", waka ce ta bukukuwa mai dauke da saurin bugun kiɗa—salon da yanzu ya zama alamar da aka san Ayach da ita. A shekarar 2016, ya fitar da wakar "7keye Jeye" a matsayin wakar jigon shahararren shirin talabijin mai suna "Amir El Leil", wanda shi ne ya taka rawar gani a matsayin babban jarumi a ciki. Wakar "7keye Jeye" ta kasance a saman jerin wakokin da aka fi sauraro a duniyar Larabawa na tsawon watanni da dama. A shekarar 2017, Ramy Ayach ya fitar da kundin wakoki mai taken "Ya 7abib Al 9alb". '''Dan wasan kwaikwayo''' A shekarar 2015, Ramy Ayach ya fara fitowa a matsayin babban jarumi a fannin wasan kwaikwayo, a cikin fim din nan mai cike da ban sha'awa da tashin hankali na kasashen Larabawa mai suna "Paparazzi".[4][5] A shekarar 2016, Ayach ya sake fitowa a wani shirin wasan kwaikwayo mai dogon zango na kasashen Larabawa mai suna "Amir El Leil",[6] wanda ya kunshi labarin tarihi game da rayuwar wani mutum dan kasar Lebanon mai suna Omar Chehab, a lokacin da kasar Lebanon ke karkashin ikon Faransa. Matsayin da Ayach ya taka a matsayin Yarima Omar Chehab ya sa ya samu yabo sosai daga masu sharhi, har ma ya lashe kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Jarumi kuma Mawaki" a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Murex d'Or na shekarar 2017,[7][8] tare da lashe kyautar Murex d'Or ta "Mafi Kyawun Wakar Shekara". An fara haska shirin a tashar talabijin ta LBC (tashar da ke kasar Lebanon kuma ke watsa shirye-shirye ga dukkan kasashen Larabawa) a watan Satumbar 2016; shirin ya kunshi sassa 76, inda aka nuna sashe na karshe a watan Fabrairun 2017. Shirin "Amir El Leil" ya samu gagarumar nasara ta fuskar kasuwanci, shahara, da kuma yabo daga masu sharhi, inda ya zama shirin wasan kwaikwayo da ya fi kowanne samun masu kallo.[[File:Ramy_Ayach_in_Dubai_-_March_22,_2013.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Ramy Ayach a Dubai - Maris 22, 2013]] == Manazarta == == Sauran yanar gizo == * [http://www.facebook.com/ramyayach.raf Ramy Ayach A Facebook] * [http://www.ramyayach.com Ramy Ayach Tashar Yanar Gizo] * [http://www.rotana.net Rotana Records Arabia] [[Category:Mawaƙa]] [[Category:Mutanen Asiya]] pm1pdkfx0ve1498o2fvzth5m2x82sbz 974909 974908 2026-11-01T16:40:40Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 Hujja 974909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Ramy_Ayach.jpg|right|thumb| Ramy Ayach]] '''Ramy Ayach''' ( {{Lang-ar|رامي عياش}} ) mawaƙin [[Lebanon]] ne. An haifeshi ne a 18 ga watan Agusta, 1980 a Baakleen, Lebanon . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=http://www.ramyayach.com/biography.php |access-date=2021-03-14 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304223125/http://www.ramyayach.com/biography.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ayach shine na fari a wajen mahaifinsa sa. Ya tashi cikin tsaunukan Lebanon. Ya fahimci waƙarsa kuma ya fara waƙa a wuraren jama'a. Sannan ya zama ɗayan mashahuran mawaƙa [[Yankin Larabawa|Larabawa]] [[Gabas ta Tsakiya|a Gabas ta Tsakiya]]. == Sana,a == '''Kiɗa''' Ramy Ayach ya shahara a shekarar 1997, lokacin da ya lashe kyautar farko a gasar nuna hazaka ta ƙasashen Larabawa mai suna "Studio Al Fan".<ref>Fanoos, Fanoos. "Ramy Ayach". Retrieved June 13, 2017.</ref> Ba da daɗewa ba, a shekarar 1998, Ramy Ayach ya fitar da kundin waƙoƙinsa na farko mai taken "Ra2e3". Wannan kundin ya samu karɓuwa sosai daga masu sharhi da kuma nasarar kasuwanci, tare da waƙoƙi irin su "Bghanila w bde2ela" da "la3younak bade ghane" waɗanda suka shahara sosai a fannin waƙoƙin zamani (pop). Baya ga kasancewarsa mawaƙi, Ramy Ayach yana rubuta waƙoƙi kuma yana iya kaɗa kayan kiɗa daban-daban, ciki har da piano, oud, da bass. Bayan samun babban nasara a fannin kiɗa a duk faɗin yankin Larabawa da kuma tsakanin al'ummar Larabawa da ke zaune a sassan duniya daban-daban, magoya bayansa sun ba shi lakabin "Pop Star" (babban tauraron waƙoƙin zamani). A tsawon aikinsa, an karrama Ramy Ayach tare da ba shi kyaututtuka da dama, saboda gudummawar da ya bayar a fannin kiɗa da kuma ayyukan jin ƙai da taimakon jama'a da yake gudanarwa. '''Farkon Fara Aiki: 1997–2001''' A shekarar 1998, Ramy Ayach ya fitar da kundin waƙoƙinsa na farko, "Ra2e3". An sanya wa kundin sunan ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin da ke cikinsa, wadda ta shahara sosai kuma aka fara fitar da ita a shekarar 1997. A shekarar 1999, Ayach ya fitar da kundinsa na biyu, "Mo3jiza", sannan a shekara ta gaba ya fitar da na uku, "Diwan Al Hob", sai kuma na huɗu, "W al2ah", a shekarar 2001. Matsayin Tauraron Waƙoƙin Zamani da Nasara a Matakin Duniya: 2002–zuwa yanzu A shekarar 2002, Ramy Ayach ya fitar da kundinsa na biyar, "Albi Mal", wanda aka sanya wa suna bisa taken waƙar da ke jagorantar kundin. A shekarar 2004, Ayach ya fitar da kundinsa na shida, "Ya Msahar 3eni". Ana ɗaukar wannan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan nasarorin da ya taɓa samu, inda ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi masu shahara irin su "Ya Msahar 3eni" da kuma waƙar "Mabrouk" — waƙar da ake kunnawa a kusan dukkan bukukuwa a duniyar Larabawa. A shekarar 2007, mawakin ya fitar da wani kundin wakoki da ya yi matukar shahara mai suna "Habaytak Ana", wanda ya bayyana kwarewar muryarsa. Kundin ya kunshi wakoki da dama da suka yi fice, kuma hakan ya ba shi damar yin wasanni a manyan cibiyoyin wasan kwaikwayo na Opera da ke Alkahira da Alexandria a kasar Masar. Ayach shi ne mawaki na farko daga kasashen Larabawa da ya yi wasa a wadannan cibiyoyi guda biyu, inda tikitin shiga ya kare gaba daya a wuraren biyu. Nasarar da ya samu a wadannan wasanni a Masar ta sa kafofin yada labaran kasar suka ba shi lakabin "Amir Al Tarab" (wato Yarima ko Sarkin waka/kiɗa). Shekarar 2009 ta kasance wani muhimmin lokaci a rayuwar Ramy Ayach, inda ya yi waka tare da shahararren mawakin kasar Masar, Ahmad Adawiya. Su biyun sun fitar da wakar "El Nas el Ray2a", wacce ta shahara sosai kuma ta kasance a saman jerin wakokin da aka fi sauraro a duniyar Larabawa na tsawon shekara guda. A shekarar 2010, Ayach ya fitar da kundinsa na 8 mai suna "Gharami". Wannan kundin, wanda mutane da yawa suka yi ta jira, ya nuna sauyi a salon wakokin mawakin. Ya kunshi wakoki irin su "Effrah Fiki" da "Majnoun/Tal El Sahar", wadanda suka yi fice saboda salon su na zamani da na daban. Bugu da kari, bidiyon wakokin da ke cikin kundin sun ba shi lambar yabo ta "Mafi Kyawun Bidiyon Waka" a taron bayar da kyaututtuka na Murex d'Or. Kundin baki daya kuma ya lashe kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Aikin Fasaha" a taron Murex d'Or na shekarar 2012. A shekarar 2012, Ramy Ayach ya fitar da wata waka mai suna "Jebran", wacce ta samu karbuwa sosai daga masu sharhi da kuma jama'a. Ayach da kansa ne ya tsara wakar "Jebran". A shekarar 2015, Ayach ya fitar da wakar "Yala Nor2os", waka ce ta bukukuwa mai dauke da saurin bugun kiɗa—salon da yanzu ya zama alamar da aka san Ayach da ita. A shekarar 2016, ya fitar da wakar "7keye Jeye" a matsayin wakar jigon shahararren shirin talabijin mai suna "Amir El Leil", wanda shi ne ya taka rawar gani a matsayin babban jarumi a ciki. Wakar "7keye Jeye" ta kasance a saman jerin wakokin da aka fi sauraro a duniyar Larabawa na tsawon watanni da dama. A shekarar 2017, Ramy Ayach ya fitar da kundin wakoki mai taken "Ya 7abib Al 9alb". '''Dan wasan kwaikwayo''' A shekarar 2015, Ramy Ayach ya fara fitowa a matsayin babban jarumi a fannin wasan kwaikwayo, a cikin fim din nan mai cike da ban sha'awa da tashin hankali na kasashen Larabawa mai suna "Paparazzi".[4][5] A shekarar 2016, Ayach ya sake fitowa a wani shirin wasan kwaikwayo mai dogon zango na kasashen Larabawa mai suna "Amir El Leil",[6] wanda ya kunshi labarin tarihi game da rayuwar wani mutum dan kasar Lebanon mai suna Omar Chehab, a lokacin da kasar Lebanon ke karkashin ikon Faransa. Matsayin da Ayach ya taka a matsayin Yarima Omar Chehab ya sa ya samu yabo sosai daga masu sharhi, har ma ya lashe kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Jarumi kuma Mawaki" a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Murex d'Or na shekarar 2017,[7][8] tare da lashe kyautar Murex d'Or ta "Mafi Kyawun Wakar Shekara". An fara haska shirin a tashar talabijin ta LBC (tashar da ke kasar Lebanon kuma ke watsa shirye-shirye ga dukkan kasashen Larabawa) a watan Satumbar 2016; shirin ya kunshi sassa 76, inda aka nuna sashe na karshe a watan Fabrairun 2017. Shirin "Amir El Leil" ya samu gagarumar nasara ta fuskar kasuwanci, shahara, da kuma yabo daga masu sharhi, inda ya zama shirin wasan kwaikwayo da ya fi kowanne samun masu kallo.[[File:Ramy_Ayach_in_Dubai_-_March_22,_2013.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Ramy Ayach a Dubai - Maris 22, 2013]] == Manazarta == == Sauran yanar gizo == * [http://www.facebook.com/ramyayach.raf Ramy Ayach A Facebook] * [http://www.ramyayach.com Ramy Ayach Tashar Yanar Gizo] * [http://www.rotana.net Rotana Records Arabia] [[Category:Mawaƙa]] [[Category:Mutanen Asiya]] l1ex72rcu6v8nnyzyhl9ai070jmvfyd 974910 974909 2026-11-01T16:43:11Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 974910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Ramy_Ayach.jpg|right|thumb| Ramy Ayach]] '''Ramy Ayach''' ( {{Lang-ar|رامي عياش}} ) mawaƙin [[Lebanon]] ne. An haifeshi ne a 18 ga watan Agusta, 1980 a Baakleen, Lebanon . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=http://www.ramyayach.com/biography.php |access-date=2021-03-14 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304223125/http://www.ramyayach.com/biography.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ayach shine na fari a wajen mahaifinsa sa. Ya tashi cikin tsaunukan Lebanon. Ya fahimci waƙarsa kuma ya fara waƙa a wuraren jama'a. Sannan ya zama ɗayan mashahuran mawaƙa [[Yankin Larabawa|Larabawa]] [[Gabas ta Tsakiya|a Gabas ta Tsakiya]]. == Sana,a == '''Kiɗa''' Ramy Ayach ya shahara a shekarar 1997, lokacin da ya lashe kyautar farko a gasar nuna hazaka ta ƙasashen Larabawa mai suna "Studio Al Fan".<ref>Fanoos, Fanoos. "Ramy Ayach". Retrieved June 13, 2017.</ref> Ba da daɗewa ba, a shekarar 1998, Ramy Ayach ya fitar da kundin waƙoƙinsa na farko mai taken "Ra2e3". Wannan kundin ya samu karɓuwa sosai daga masu sharhi da kuma nasarar kasuwanci, tare da waƙoƙi irin su "Bghanila w bde2ela" da "la3younak bade ghane" waɗanda suka shahara sosai a fannin waƙoƙin zamani (pop). Baya ga kasancewarsa mawaƙi, Ramy Ayach yana rubuta waƙoƙi kuma yana iya kaɗa kayan kiɗa daban-daban, ciki har da piano, oud, da bass. Bayan samun babban nasara a fannin kiɗa a duk faɗin yankin Larabawa da kuma tsakanin al'ummar Larabawa da ke zaune a sassan duniya daban-daban, magoya bayansa sun ba shi lakabin "Pop Star" (babban tauraron waƙoƙin zamani). A tsawon aikinsa, an karrama Ramy Ayach tare da ba shi kyaututtuka da dama, saboda gudummawar da ya bayar a fannin kiɗa da kuma ayyukan jin ƙai da taimakon jama'a da yake gudanarwa. '''Farkon Fara Aiki: 1997–2001''' A shekarar 1998, Ramy Ayach ya fitar da kundin waƙoƙinsa na farko, "Ra2e3". An sanya wa kundin sunan ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin da ke cikinsa, wadda ta shahara sosai kuma aka fara fitar da ita a shekarar 1997. A shekarar 1999, Ayach ya fitar da kundinsa na biyu, "Mo3jiza", sannan a shekara ta gaba ya fitar da na uku, "Diwan Al Hob", sai kuma na huɗu, "W al2ah", a shekarar 2001. '''Matsayin Tauraron Waƙoƙin Zamani da Nasara a Matakin Duniya: 2002–zuwa yanzu''' A shekarar 2002, Ramy Ayach ya fitar da kundinsa na biyar, "Albi Mal", wanda aka sanya wa suna bisa taken waƙar da ke jagorantar kundin. A shekarar 2004, Ayach ya fitar da kundinsa na shida, "Ya Msahar 3eni". Ana ɗaukar wannan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan nasarorin da ya taɓa samu, inda ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi masu shahara irin su "Ya Msahar 3eni" da kuma waƙar "Mabrouk" — waƙar da ake kunnawa a kusan dukkan bukukuwa a duniyar Larabawa. A shekarar 2007, mawakin ya fitar da wani kundin wakoki da ya yi matukar shahara mai suna "Habaytak Ana", wanda ya bayyana kwarewar muryarsa. Kundin ya kunshi wakoki da dama da suka yi fice, kuma hakan ya ba shi damar yin wasanni a manyan cibiyoyin wasan kwaikwayo na Opera da ke Alkahira da Alexandria a kasar Masar. Ayach shi ne mawaki na farko daga kasashen Larabawa da ya yi wasa a wadannan cibiyoyi guda biyu, inda tikitin shiga ya kare gaba daya a wuraren biyu. Nasarar da ya samu a wadannan wasanni a Masar ta sa kafofin yada labaran kasar suka ba shi lakabin "Amir Al Tarab" (wato Yarima ko Sarkin waka/kiɗa).<ref>Abdallah, Rosie. "Amir El Leil". LBC Group. Retrieved June 13, 2017.</ref> Shekarar 2009 ta kasance wani muhimmin lokaci a rayuwar Ramy Ayach, inda ya yi waka tare da shahararren mawakin kasar Masar, Ahmad Adawiya. Su biyun sun fitar da wakar "El Nas el Ray2a", wacce ta shahara sosai kuma ta kasance a saman jerin wakokin da aka fi sauraro a duniyar Larabawa na tsawon shekara guda. A shekarar 2010, Ayach ya fitar da kundinsa na 8 mai suna "Gharami". Wannan kundin, wanda mutane da yawa suka yi ta jira, ya nuna sauyi a salon wakokin mawakin. Ya kunshi wakoki irin su "Effrah Fiki" da "Majnoun/Tal El Sahar", wadanda suka yi fice saboda salon su na zamani da na daban. Bugu da kari, bidiyon wakokin da ke cikin kundin sun ba shi lambar yabo ta "Mafi Kyawun Bidiyon Waka" a taron bayar da kyaututtuka na Murex d'Or. Kundin baki daya kuma ya lashe kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Aikin Fasaha" a taron Murex d'Or na shekarar 2012. A shekarar 2012, Ramy Ayach ya fitar da wata waka mai suna "Jebran", wacce ta samu karbuwa sosai daga masu sharhi da kuma jama'a. Ayach da kansa ne ya tsara wakar "Jebran". A shekarar 2015, Ayach ya fitar da wakar "Yala Nor2os", waka ce ta bukukuwa mai dauke da saurin bugun kiɗa—salon da yanzu ya zama alamar da aka san Ayach da ita. A shekarar 2016, ya fitar da wakar "7keye Jeye" a matsayin wakar jigon shahararren shirin talabijin mai suna "Amir El Leil", wanda shi ne ya taka rawar gani a matsayin babban jarumi a ciki. Wakar "7keye Jeye" ta kasance a saman jerin wakokin da aka fi sauraro a duniyar Larabawa na tsawon watanni da dama. A shekarar 2017, Ramy Ayach ya fitar da kundin wakoki mai taken "Ya 7abib Al 9alb". '''Dan wasan kwaikwayo''' A shekarar 2015, Ramy Ayach ya fara fitowa a matsayin babban jarumi a fannin wasan kwaikwayo, a cikin fim din nan mai cike da ban sha'awa da tashin hankali na kasashen Larabawa mai suna "Paparazzi".[4][5] A shekarar 2016, Ayach ya sake fitowa a wani shirin wasan kwaikwayo mai dogon zango na kasashen Larabawa mai suna "Amir El Leil",[6] wanda ya kunshi labarin tarihi game da rayuwar wani mutum dan kasar Lebanon mai suna Omar Chehab, a lokacin da kasar Lebanon ke karkashin ikon Faransa. Matsayin da Ayach ya taka a matsayin Yarima Omar Chehab ya sa ya samu yabo sosai daga masu sharhi, har ma ya lashe kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Jarumi kuma Mawaki" a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Murex d'Or na shekarar 2017,[7][8] tare da lashe kyautar Murex d'Or ta "Mafi Kyawun Wakar Shekara". An fara haska shirin a tashar talabijin ta LBC (tashar da ke kasar Lebanon kuma ke watsa shirye-shirye ga dukkan kasashen Larabawa) a watan Satumbar 2016; shirin ya kunshi sassa 76, inda aka nuna sashe na karshe a watan Fabrairun 2017. Shirin "Amir El Leil" ya samu gagarumar nasara ta fuskar kasuwanci, shahara, da kuma yabo daga masu sharhi, inda ya zama shirin wasan kwaikwayo da ya fi kowanne samun masu kallo. == Sauran yanar gizo == * [http://www.facebook.com/ramyayach.raf Ramy Ayach A Facebook] * [http://www.ramyayach.com Ramy Ayach Tashar Yanar Gizo] * [http://www.rotana.net Rotana Records Arabia] == Manazarta == [[Category:Mawaƙa]] [[Category:Mutanen Asiya]] tlbfritsqan6mn6knmsoi1si66yg1zf 974912 974910 2026-11-01T16:44:33Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 974912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Ramy_Ayach.jpg|right|thumb| Ramy Ayach]] '''Ramy Ayach''' ( {{Lang-ar|رامي عياش}} ) mawaƙin [[Lebanon]] ne. An haifeshi ne a 18 ga watan Agusta, 1980 a Baakleen, Lebanon . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=http://www.ramyayach.com/biography.php |access-date=2021-03-14 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304223125/http://www.ramyayach.com/biography.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ayach shine na fari a wajen mahaifinsa sa. Ya tashi cikin tsaunukan Lebanon. Ya fahimci waƙarsa kuma ya fara waƙa a wuraren jama'a. Sannan ya zama ɗayan mashahuran mawaƙa [[Yankin Larabawa|Larabawa]] [[Gabas ta Tsakiya|a Gabas ta Tsakiya]]. == Sana,a == '''Kiɗa''' Ramy Ayach ya shahara a shekarar 1997, lokacin da ya lashe kyautar farko a gasar nuna hazaka ta ƙasashen Larabawa mai suna "Studio Al Fan".<ref>Fanoos, Fanoos. "Ramy Ayach". Retrieved June 13, 2017.</ref> Ba da daɗewa ba, a shekarar 1998, Ramy Ayach ya fitar da kundin waƙoƙinsa na farko mai taken "Ra2e3". Wannan kundin ya samu karɓuwa sosai daga masu sharhi da kuma nasarar kasuwanci, tare da waƙoƙi irin su "Bghanila w bde2ela" da "la3younak bade ghane" waɗanda suka shahara sosai a fannin waƙoƙin zamani (pop). Baya ga kasancewarsa mawaƙi, Ramy Ayach yana rubuta waƙoƙi kuma yana iya kaɗa kayan kiɗa daban-daban, ciki har da piano, oud, da bass. Bayan samun babban nasara a fannin kiɗa a duk faɗin yankin Larabawa da kuma tsakanin al'ummar Larabawa da ke zaune a sassan duniya daban-daban, magoya bayansa sun ba shi lakabin "Pop Star" (babban tauraron waƙoƙin zamani). A tsawon aikinsa, an karrama Ramy Ayach tare da ba shi kyaututtuka da dama, saboda gudummawar da ya bayar a fannin kiɗa da kuma ayyukan jin ƙai da taimakon jama'a da yake gudanarwa. '''Farkon Fara Aiki: 1997–2001''' A shekarar 1998, Ramy Ayach ya fitar da kundin waƙoƙinsa na farko, "Ra2e3". An sanya wa kundin sunan ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin da ke cikinsa, wadda ta shahara sosai kuma aka fara fitar da ita a shekarar 1997. A shekarar 1999, Ayach ya fitar da kundinsa na biyu, "Mo3jiza", sannan a shekara ta gaba ya fitar da na uku, "Diwan Al Hob", sai kuma na huɗu, "W al2ah", a shekarar 2001. '''Matsayin Tauraron Waƙoƙin Zamani da Nasara a Matakin Duniya: 2002–zuwa yanzu''' A shekarar 2002, Ramy Ayach ya fitar da kundinsa na biyar, "Albi Mal", wanda aka sanya wa suna bisa taken waƙar da ke jagorantar kundin. A shekarar 2004, Ayach ya fitar da kundinsa na shida, "Ya Msahar 3eni". Ana ɗaukar wannan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan nasarorin da ya taɓa samu, inda ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi masu shahara irin su "Ya Msahar 3eni" da kuma waƙar "Mabrouk" — waƙar da ake kunnawa a kusan dukkan bukukuwa a duniyar Larabawa. A shekarar 2007, mawakin ya fitar da wani kundin wakoki da ya yi matukar shahara mai suna "Habaytak Ana", wanda ya bayyana kwarewar muryarsa. Kundin ya kunshi wakoki da dama da suka yi fice, kuma hakan ya ba shi damar yin wasanni a manyan cibiyoyin wasan kwaikwayo na Opera da ke Alkahira da Alexandria a kasar Masar. Ayach shi ne mawaki na farko daga kasashen Larabawa da ya yi wasa a wadannan cibiyoyi guda biyu, inda tikitin shiga ya kare gaba daya a wuraren biyu. Nasarar da ya samu a wadannan wasanni a Masar ta sa kafofin yada labaran kasar suka ba shi lakabin "Amir Al Tarab" (wato Yarima ko Sarkin waka/kiɗa).<ref>Abdallah, Rosie. "Amir El Leil". LBC Group. Retrieved June 13, 2017.</ref> Shekarar 2009 ta kasance wani muhimmin lokaci a rayuwar Ramy Ayach, inda ya yi waka tare da shahararren mawakin kasar Masar, Ahmad Adawiya. Su biyun sun fitar da wakar "El Nas el Ray2a", wacce ta shahara sosai kuma ta kasance a saman jerin wakokin da aka fi sauraro a duniyar Larabawa na tsawon shekara guda. A shekarar 2010, Ayach ya fitar da kundinsa na 8 mai suna "Gharami". Wannan kundin, wanda mutane da yawa suka yi ta jira, ya nuna sauyi a salon wakokin mawakin. Ya kunshi wakoki irin su "Effrah Fiki" da "Majnoun/Tal El Sahar", wadanda suka yi fice saboda salon su na zamani da na daban. Bugu da kari, bidiyon wakokin da ke cikin kundin sun ba shi lambar yabo ta "Mafi Kyawun Bidiyon Waka" a taron bayar da kyaututtuka na Murex d'Or. Kundin baki daya kuma ya lashe kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Aikin Fasaha" a taron Murex d'Or na shekarar 2012. A shekarar 2012, Ramy Ayach ya fitar da wata waka mai suna "Jebran", wacce ta samu karbuwa sosai daga masu sharhi da kuma jama'a. Ayach da kansa ne ya tsara wakar "Jebran". A shekarar 2015, Ayach ya fitar da wakar "Yala Nor2os", waka ce ta bukukuwa mai dauke da saurin bugun kiɗa—salon da yanzu ya zama alamar da aka san Ayach da ita. A shekarar 2016, ya fitar da wakar "7keye Jeye" a matsayin wakar jigon shahararren shirin talabijin mai suna "Amir El Leil", wanda shi ne ya taka rawar gani a matsayin babban jarumi a ciki. Wakar "7keye Jeye" ta kasance a saman jerin wakokin da aka fi sauraro a duniyar Larabawa na tsawon watanni da dama. A shekarar 2017, Ramy Ayach ya fitar da kundin wakoki mai taken "Ya 7abib Al 9alb". '''Dan wasan kwaikwayo''' A shekarar 2015, Ramy Ayach ya fara fitowa a matsayin babban jarumi a fannin wasan kwaikwayo, a cikin fim din nan mai cike da ban sha'awa da tashin hankali na kasashen Larabawa mai suna "Paparazzi".<ref>Abdallah, Rosie. "Paparazzi". IMDb. Retrieved June 13, 2017.</ref>[5] A shekarar 2016, Ayach ya sake fitowa a wani shirin wasan kwaikwayo mai dogon zango na kasashen Larabawa mai suna "Amir El Leil",[6] wanda ya kunshi labarin tarihi game da rayuwar wani mutum dan kasar Lebanon mai suna Omar Chehab, a lokacin da kasar Lebanon ke karkashin ikon Faransa. Matsayin da Ayach ya taka a matsayin Yarima Omar Chehab ya sa ya samu yabo sosai daga masu sharhi, har ma ya lashe kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Jarumi kuma Mawaki" a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Murex d'Or na shekarar 2017,[7][8] tare da lashe kyautar Murex d'Or ta "Mafi Kyawun Wakar Shekara". An fara haska shirin a tashar talabijin ta LBC (tashar da ke kasar Lebanon kuma ke watsa shirye-shirye ga dukkan kasashen Larabawa) a watan Satumbar 2016; shirin ya kunshi sassa 76, inda aka nuna sashe na karshe a watan Fabrairun 2017. Shirin "Amir El Leil" ya samu gagarumar nasara ta fuskar kasuwanci, shahara, da kuma yabo daga masu sharhi, inda ya zama shirin wasan kwaikwayo da ya fi kowanne samun masu kallo. == Sauran yanar gizo == * [http://www.facebook.com/ramyayach.raf Ramy Ayach A Facebook] * [http://www.ramyayach.com Ramy Ayach Tashar Yanar Gizo] * [http://www.rotana.net Rotana Records Arabia] == Manazarta == [[Category:Mawaƙa]] [[Category:Mutanen Asiya]] 8bhwusrsv2vaqo0zyyvud19xjcxqbgg 974913 974912 2026-11-01T16:45:17Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 974913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Ramy_Ayach.jpg|right|thumb| Ramy Ayach]] '''Ramy Ayach''' ( {{Lang-ar|رامي عياش}} ) mawaƙin [[Lebanon]] ne. An haifeshi ne a 18 ga watan Agusta, 1980 a Baakleen, Lebanon . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=http://www.ramyayach.com/biography.php |access-date=2021-03-14 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304223125/http://www.ramyayach.com/biography.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ayach shine na fari a wajen mahaifinsa sa. Ya tashi cikin tsaunukan Lebanon. Ya fahimci waƙarsa kuma ya fara waƙa a wuraren jama'a. Sannan ya zama ɗayan mashahuran mawaƙa [[Yankin Larabawa|Larabawa]] [[Gabas ta Tsakiya|a Gabas ta Tsakiya]]. == Sana,a == '''Kiɗa''' Ramy Ayach ya shahara a shekarar 1997, lokacin da ya lashe kyautar farko a gasar nuna hazaka ta ƙasashen Larabawa mai suna "Studio Al Fan".<ref>Fanoos, Fanoos. "Ramy Ayach". Retrieved June 13, 2017.</ref> Ba da daɗewa ba, a shekarar 1998, Ramy Ayach ya fitar da kundin waƙoƙinsa na farko mai taken "Ra2e3". Wannan kundin ya samu karɓuwa sosai daga masu sharhi da kuma nasarar kasuwanci, tare da waƙoƙi irin su "Bghanila w bde2ela" da "la3younak bade ghane" waɗanda suka shahara sosai a fannin waƙoƙin zamani (pop). Baya ga kasancewarsa mawaƙi, Ramy Ayach yana rubuta waƙoƙi kuma yana iya kaɗa kayan kiɗa daban-daban, ciki har da piano, oud, da bass. Bayan samun babban nasara a fannin kiɗa a duk faɗin yankin Larabawa da kuma tsakanin al'ummar Larabawa da ke zaune a sassan duniya daban-daban, magoya bayansa sun ba shi lakabin "Pop Star" (babban tauraron waƙoƙin zamani). A tsawon aikinsa, an karrama Ramy Ayach tare da ba shi kyaututtuka da dama, saboda gudummawar da ya bayar a fannin kiɗa da kuma ayyukan jin ƙai da taimakon jama'a da yake gudanarwa. '''Farkon Fara Aiki: 1997–2001''' A shekarar 1998, Ramy Ayach ya fitar da kundin waƙoƙinsa na farko, "Ra2e3". An sanya wa kundin sunan ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin da ke cikinsa, wadda ta shahara sosai kuma aka fara fitar da ita a shekarar 1997. A shekarar 1999, Ayach ya fitar da kundinsa na biyu, "Mo3jiza", sannan a shekara ta gaba ya fitar da na uku, "Diwan Al Hob", sai kuma na huɗu, "W al2ah", a shekarar 2001. '''Matsayin Tauraron Waƙoƙin Zamani da Nasara a Matakin Duniya: 2002–zuwa yanzu''' A shekarar 2002, Ramy Ayach ya fitar da kundinsa na biyar, "Albi Mal", wanda aka sanya wa suna bisa taken waƙar da ke jagorantar kundin. A shekarar 2004, Ayach ya fitar da kundinsa na shida, "Ya Msahar 3eni". Ana ɗaukar wannan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan nasarorin da ya taɓa samu, inda ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi masu shahara irin su "Ya Msahar 3eni" da kuma waƙar "Mabrouk" — waƙar da ake kunnawa a kusan dukkan bukukuwa a duniyar Larabawa. A shekarar 2007, mawakin ya fitar da wani kundin wakoki da ya yi matukar shahara mai suna "Habaytak Ana", wanda ya bayyana kwarewar muryarsa. Kundin ya kunshi wakoki da dama da suka yi fice, kuma hakan ya ba shi damar yin wasanni a manyan cibiyoyin wasan kwaikwayo na Opera da ke Alkahira da Alexandria a kasar Masar. Ayach shi ne mawaki na farko daga kasashen Larabawa da ya yi wasa a wadannan cibiyoyi guda biyu, inda tikitin shiga ya kare gaba daya a wuraren biyu. Nasarar da ya samu a wadannan wasanni a Masar ta sa kafofin yada labaran kasar suka ba shi lakabin "Amir Al Tarab" (wato Yarima ko Sarkin waka/kiɗa).<ref>Abdallah, Rosie. "Amir El Leil". LBC Group. Retrieved June 13, 2017.</ref> Shekarar 2009 ta kasance wani muhimmin lokaci a rayuwar Ramy Ayach, inda ya yi waka tare da shahararren mawakin kasar Masar, Ahmad Adawiya. Su biyun sun fitar da wakar "El Nas el Ray2a", wacce ta shahara sosai kuma ta kasance a saman jerin wakokin da aka fi sauraro a duniyar Larabawa na tsawon shekara guda. A shekarar 2010, Ayach ya fitar da kundinsa na 8 mai suna "Gharami". Wannan kundin, wanda mutane da yawa suka yi ta jira, ya nuna sauyi a salon wakokin mawakin. Ya kunshi wakoki irin su "Effrah Fiki" da "Majnoun/Tal El Sahar", wadanda suka yi fice saboda salon su na zamani da na daban. Bugu da kari, bidiyon wakokin da ke cikin kundin sun ba shi lambar yabo ta "Mafi Kyawun Bidiyon Waka" a taron bayar da kyaututtuka na Murex d'Or. Kundin baki daya kuma ya lashe kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Aikin Fasaha" a taron Murex d'Or na shekarar 2012. A shekarar 2012, Ramy Ayach ya fitar da wata waka mai suna "Jebran", wacce ta samu karbuwa sosai daga masu sharhi da kuma jama'a. Ayach da kansa ne ya tsara wakar "Jebran". A shekarar 2015, Ayach ya fitar da wakar "Yala Nor2os", waka ce ta bukukuwa mai dauke da saurin bugun kiɗa—salon da yanzu ya zama alamar da aka san Ayach da ita. A shekarar 2016, ya fitar da wakar "7keye Jeye" a matsayin wakar jigon shahararren shirin talabijin mai suna "Amir El Leil", wanda shi ne ya taka rawar gani a matsayin babban jarumi a ciki. Wakar "7keye Jeye" ta kasance a saman jerin wakokin da aka fi sauraro a duniyar Larabawa na tsawon watanni da dama. A shekarar 2017, Ramy Ayach ya fitar da kundin wakoki mai taken "Ya 7abib Al 9alb". '''Dan wasan kwaikwayo''' A shekarar 2015, Ramy Ayach ya fara fitowa a matsayin babban jarumi a fannin wasan kwaikwayo, a cikin fim din nan mai cike da ban sha'awa da tashin hankali na kasashen Larabawa mai suna "Paparazzi".<ref>Abdallah, Rosie. "Paparazzi". IMDb. Retrieved June 13, 2017.</ref><ref>IMDB, IMDB. "Ramy Ayach Actor". IMDb. Retrieved June 13, 2017.</ref> A shekarar 2016, Ayach ya sake fitowa a wani shirin wasan kwaikwayo mai dogon zango na kasashen Larabawa mai suna "Amir El Leil",[6] wanda ya kunshi labarin tarihi game da rayuwar wani mutum dan kasar Lebanon mai suna Omar Chehab, a lokacin da kasar Lebanon ke karkashin ikon Faransa. Matsayin da Ayach ya taka a matsayin Yarima Omar Chehab ya sa ya samu yabo sosai daga masu sharhi, har ma ya lashe kyautar "Mafi Kyawun Jarumi kuma Mawaki" a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Murex d'Or na shekarar 2017,[7][8] tare da lashe kyautar Murex d'Or ta "Mafi Kyawun Wakar Shekara". An fara haska shirin a tashar talabijin ta LBC (tashar da ke kasar Lebanon kuma ke watsa shirye-shirye ga dukkan kasashen Larabawa) a watan Satumbar 2016; shirin ya kunshi sassa 76, inda aka nuna sashe na karshe a watan Fabrairun 2017. Shirin "Amir El Leil" ya samu gagarumar nasara ta fuskar kasuwanci, shahara, da kuma yabo daga masu sharhi, inda ya zama shirin wasan kwaikwayo da ya fi kowanne samun masu kallo. == Sauran yanar gizo == * [http://www.facebook.com/ramyayach.raf Ramy Ayach A Facebook] * [http://www.ramyayach.com Ramy Ayach Tashar Yanar Gizo] * [http://www.rotana.net Rotana Records Arabia] == Manazarta == [[Category:Mawaƙa]] [[Category:Mutanen Asiya]] pkhib469palnhkf5g2jwzq4htt2b1gu 0 19874 974847 667993 2026-11-01T16:01:07Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974847 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Farfesa Abubakar Sani Sambo''' OON (An haife shi a ranar 31 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1955) injiniya [[Nijeriya|ne na Nijeriya]], tsohon Darakta-Janar na Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Nijeriya (ECN), Shugaban Kwamitin Memba na Najeriya na Majalisar Kula da Makamashi ta Duniya (WEC), Afirka Yanki kuma tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]], Nijeriya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://247ureports.com/rot-in-energy-commission-dg-sani-sambo-in-n7b-contract-bonanza/|title=Rot in Energy Commission, DG, Sani Sambo in N7B Contract Bonanza!|work=247ureports.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/08/nigeria-harness-renewable-energy-meet-power-demands-sambo/ |title=Nigeria to harness renewable energy to meet power demands – Sambo |work=Daily Independent, Nigerian Newspaper |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081442/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/08/nigeria-harness-renewable-energy-meet-power-demands-sambo/ |archivedate=2016-03-04 }}</ref> == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifeshi ne a ranar 31 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1955 a garin [[Zariya|Zaria]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna]], [[Nijeriya|Nigeria]] . Ya sami digirinsa na farko a fannin kimiyya (B.sc) a kan Injiniyan Injiniya daga fitacciyar [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello]], [[Zariya]] a shekara ta 1979 tare da karramawa ta farko. A cikin shekara ta 1983, ya kuma sami digiri na Doctorate, Ph.D a kan Injiniyan Injin daga Jami'ar Sussex, dake [[Birtaniya|United Kingdom]] . Bayan ya kammala karatunsa na digirin digirgir (Ph.D), sai ya dawo gida [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] ya fara aiki a [[Jami'ar Bayero|jami'ar Bayero da ke]] [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]] inda ya hau kan muƙaminsa na Babban Malami a shekara ta 1989 kuma aka naɗa shi Farfesa a Makarantar Nazarin Makaranta a [[Jami'ar Bayero|Jami'ar]] . An naɗa shi a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa a shekara ta 1995 kuma ya yi aiki a wannan kuma matsayin har sau biyu (1995-2004). Shi ne Darakta-Janar mai ci kuma Babban Jami'in Hukumar Makamashi ta Najeriya (ECN) kuma Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Makamashi ta Duniya (WEC), Yankin Afirka tun Nuwamban shekara ta 2007. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldenergysecurityforum.com/index.php/speakers/14-speakers/75-professor-abubakar-sani-sambo |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2021-04-27 |archive-date=2014-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210095952/http://www.worldenergysecurityforum.com/index.php/speakers/14-speakers/75-professor-abubakar-sani-sambo |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Lambobin yabo == * Jami'in Umarnin Nijar, OON == Zumunci da membobinsu == * An uwan Kwalejin Injiniya ta Nijeriya * Ungiyar theungiyar Injiniyoyin Nijeriya * Memba na Majalisar Dokokin Injiniya a Najeriya (COREN) * Energyungiyar Makamashin Hasken Rana ta Duniya (ISES) (1986) * Energyungiyar Makamashi ta Duniya (IEF) (1990) * Memba na Kungiyar Sadarwar Makamashi ta Duniya (WREN) (1992). * Memba a kungiyar Solar Energy Society of Nigeria * Memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Najeriya == Duba kuma == * Jerin sanannun injiniyoyi a Najeriya * Jerin sunayen kansiloli a Najeriya == Manazarta ==   [[Category:Haifaffun 1938]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Injiniyoyin Najeriya]] [[Category:Jami'ar Bayero Kano]] [[Category:Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] 4bewkbiw839tqrgzn6pwsl6crp2scpt 0 20400 974845 813019 2026-11-01T15:59:36Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974845 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox language|name=Kuteb|nativename=''Ati''|region=[[Taraba State]]|speakers=46,000|date=2000|ref=e18|familycolor=Niger-Congo|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo]]|fam3=[[Benue–Congo languages|Benue–Congo]]|iso3=kub|glotto=kute1248}}'''Kuteb''' (wanda aka fi sani da ''Kutep'' ko ''Ati'' ) [[Yarukan Jukun|yare]] ne [[Najeriya|a Najeriya]], ƙabilar Kuteb na zaune ne a yankin kudancin jihar Taraba, sannan mutane sama da dubu na amfani da harshen yankin iyakar [[Kamaru]]. A Nijeriya, kuma galibi anfi magana da yaren Ƙaramar Hukumar [[Takum]] dake [[Taraba|Jihar Taraba]]. == Karin Harshe == Kuteb na da sautukan baƙi 27, wasula 12, da sautuka biyar. <ref name=":0">Blench, Roger. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Jukunoid/Kuteb%20grammar%20for%20KWEF%20ed%20RMB%20December%202007.doc ''Kuteb grammar''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526022813/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Jukunoid/Kuteb%20grammar%20for%20KWEF%20ed%20RMB%20December%202007.doc |date=2024-05-26 }}. p. 19</ref> === Wasula === A cikin Kuteb, akwai nau'ikan wasula biyu, na baka, da na hanci. A sautin magana, kowane saiti yana da wasula daban-daban guda shida. Gabaɗaya, akwai sauti iri daban-daban guda 12. Matsayin ''ɨ'' kasancewar sautin magana a Kuteb bai tabbata ba. Wannan sautin kuma yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin rubabbun sirafi, wasu sunaye prefixes, da kuma rage magana ta inda akwai tsaka tsaki ''u'' da ''i'' . <ref name=":0"/> {| class="wikitable" |+Tebur na amon wasali a Kuteb ! rowspan="2" | ! colspan="3" | Wasikun baka ! colspan="3" | Wasalin hanci |- ! Gaba ! Tsakiya ! Baya ! Gaba ! Tsakiya ! Baya |- style="text-align:center;" ! Kusa | i /i / | ''ɨ'' /ɨ / | u /u / | ĩ /ĩ / | | ũ /ũ / |- style="text-align:center;" ! Kusa Tsakiya | e /e / | | o /o / | ē /ẽ / | | ō /õ / |- style="text-align:center;" ! Kusa Da Buɗe | ae /æ / | | | ãe /æ̃ / | | |- style="text-align:center;" ! Buɗe | | a /a / | | | ã /ã / | |} === Tsarin Sauti === Kuteb yana da sauti iri daban-daban 27. Ana samun shigarwar da aka buga da rubutu a cikin kalmomin rance gama gari, ko, a cikin yanayin / v / da / z /, bambancin rarrabuwa. Kamar yawancin [[Yarukan Jukun|harsunan Jukunoid]], Kuteb ya ba da baƙin baƙin. A cikin binciken daya, waɗannan ba a haɗa su azaman gyare-gyare kan tushe-phoneme ba, amma a matsayin nasu sautin daban. <ref>Blench, Roger. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Jukunoid/Kuteb%20grammar%20for%20KWEF%20ed%20RMB%20December%202007.doc ''Kuteb grammar''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526022813/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Jukunoid/Kuteb%20grammar%20for%20KWEF%20ed%20RMB%20December%202007.doc |date=2024-05-26 }}. p. 20</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="margin:autmargin:auto;" |+Tebur na karin sauti a Kuteb ! colspan="2" | ! Labial ! Alveolar ! Palatal ! Velar ! Glottal |- style="text-align:center;" ! colspan="2" | Hanci | m /m / | n, nn <ref group="note" name=":0">In the standard Kuteb orthography, ⟨n⟩ is used initially and medially for /n/, while ⟨nn⟩ is used finally</ref> /n / | ny /ɲ / | ŋ /ŋ / | |- style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="3" | Kusa ! <small>bayyana</small> | b /b / | ''d'' /d / | | g /g / | |- style="text-align:center;" ! <small>ba'a ji ba</small> | shafi na /p / | t /t / | c /c / | k /k / | |- style="text-align:center;" ! <small>pre-hanci</small><br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <small>bayyana</small> | mb / m / | nd / n / | nj / n / / | ŋg / ŋgg / | |- style="text-align:center;" ! colspan="2" | Ricarfafa | | ts /s / | | | |- style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" | Fricative ! <small>bayyana</small> | ''v'' /v / | ''z'' /z / | j /ʒ / | | |- style="text-align:center;" !<small>ba'a ji ba</small> | f /f / | s /s / | sh /ʃ / | | h /h / |- style="text-align:center;" ! colspan="2" | Mai kusanci | | | y /j / | w /w / | |- style="text-align:center;" ! colspan="2" | Shafa | | r /ɾ / | | | |- style="text-align:center;" ! colspan="2" | Lateral-Kusanci | | ''l'' /l / | | | |} === Sautuna === A cikin Kuteb, akwai sautuna daban-daban guda huɗu ko biyar, dangane da yadda aka ƙidaya su. Sautunan da yawancin karatu ke karɓa sune ƙananan (marasa alama), tsakiyar (¯), babba (´), da sautunan (ˆ). ==== Muhawara ==== A cewar Roger Blench, akwai sautuna daban-daban guda biyar a cikin Kuteb, waɗannan sune: ƙananan (marasa alama), tsakiyar (¯), babba (´), fadowa (ˆ), da tashin (ˇ). Sauti na biyar, (mai tasowa) an ƙirƙire shi ne kawai ta hanyar canje-canjen sandhi waɗanda ke shafar wasu ƙamus bayan “tsani”. <ref name=":0"/> Dangane da WE Welmers, wannan canjin sandhi ba ya faruwa, kuma idan ya faru, kawai furucin zai canza, ba ma rubutaccen bugun rubutu ba kuma. === Hanyoyin sarrafa abubuwa === ==== Iyakokin Syllabic ==== A Kutep, kamar a sauran Harsunan Jukunoidid {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="4" |<small>N - rubutun hanci, V - wasali, C - baƙi</small> |- ! ! Kuteb ( '''rarrabaccen tsarin aiki)''' ! Kuteb ! Fassarar Turanci |- !'''ƙ''' N | ḿ.m | [[wiktionary:ḿm|.m]] | a'a |- ! V | u.fu | [[wiktionary:ufu|ufu]] | kofa |- ! CV | bá | [[wiktionary:bá|bá]] | zo |- ! CVC | mūm | [[wiktionary:mūm|mūm]] | tona |- ! CCV | u.kwe | [[wiktionary:ukwe|ukwe]] | shugaba |- ! CCVC | kwáb | [[wiktionary:kwáb|kwáb]] | gwada |} ==== Sandhi ya canza ==== Harafin ⟨w⟩ a cikin yaren Kuteb yana riƙe da matsayinta na kusan labio-velar, kamar yadda yake a ''uwé'' 'face' ko kuma a ''wōm'' 'bushe' - kodayake, lokacin da aka haɗa ⟨w⟩ a cikin gungu tare da baƙon faranti (/ c, j, sh, nj /) / w /, saboda canje-canjen sandhi, ya zama ana sakin murya ko sakin magana. ==== Rarraba baƙin ==== A cikin Kuteb, akwai gungu da yawa na baƙaƙe waɗanda zasu iya wanzu, kodayake, mafi yawan waɗannan suna faruwa tsakanin iyakokin kalmomi, kodayake, wasu daga waɗannan suna faruwa ne a cikin keɓewar sigari guda ɗaya - waɗannan jerin kalmomin suna ƙasa. A ka'idar duk da haka, duk wani haɗuwa da baƙi-na ƙarshe (duba ƙasa) sannan kowane harafin harafi zai biyo baya. Zai yiwu, duk da haka, ragin zai iya faruwa, kamar yadda a cikin kalmar ''ushitong'' 'mai motsa-miya' (daga ''shir'' da ''utoŋ'' ) inda aka jefa / r / a ciki. Har ila yau, lokacin da finalnn⟩ na ƙarshe <ref name=":0" group="note">In the standard Kuteb orthography, ⟨n⟩ is used initially and medially for /n/, while ⟨nn⟩ is used finally</ref> mai tushe zai kasance mai tushe farawa da ⟨n⟩, ⟨nn⟩ + doublen⟩ ninki biyu ya ragu zuwa kawai justn⟩. Ana iya nuna wannan tasirin a cikin kalmomi kamar ''munae'' (munn-náe) 'su kasance masu yalwa', kuma a ''munji'' (munn-nji) 'manta'. <ref name=":1">Blench, Roger. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Jukunoid/Kuteb%20grammar%20for%20KWEF%20ed%20RMB%20December%202007.doc ''Kuteb grammar''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526022813/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/BC/Jukunoid/Kuteb%20grammar%20for%20KWEF%20ed%20RMB%20December%202007.doc |date=2024-05-26 }}. p. 37–38</ref> A cikin matsayin CV, ana amfani da baƙin baƙi masu zuwa: <ref name=":1"/> * p ts tckb (d) (g) mb nd nj ŋg fs sh hvz nz mn ŋ rl Duk da yake a cikin C (C) VC matsayi na ƙarshe, ana amfani da waɗannan a maimakon: * brgmn * ŋ '''*''' Kuma ana amfani da waɗannan masu zuwa a gungu CC: * ''Tare da Cw'' : pw, mbw, bw, fw, mw, sw (?), Cw, njw, jw, shw, kw, ngw, da ŋw <ref group="note">Roger Blench notes that ⟨[[Eng (letter)|ŋ]]⟩ and ⟨ng⟩ are equivalent in the standard orthography. Here, both ⟨ŋw⟩ and ⟨ngw⟩ are listed as separate phonemes, though, the difference between them is not given</ref> * ''Tare da Cy'' : py, mby * ''Tare da Ck'' : pk, tk, fk, sk * ''Tare da Cg'' : mbg, ndg ==== Ƙungiyoyin baƙi ==== A cikin 1964, Peter Ladefoged ya yi rikodin sautuka a harsunan Yammacin Afirka da yawa. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan yarukan shine Kuteb, kuma waɗannan abubuwan bincikensa ne: {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="3" |Labial ! rowspan="2" | Hakori ! rowspan="2" | Alveolar ! rowspan="2" | Palatal ! rowspan="2" | Post-palatal ! rowspan="2" | Velar |- ! Tare da / w / ! Tare da / y / ! Tare da / ɣ / ko / x / |- | pw | py | px | ts | tx | tʃ | tf | kw |- | mbw | mby | mbɣ | ndz | ndɣ | ndʒ | ndv | ŋgw |- | bw | by | bɣ | | | dʒ | dv | (gw) |- | fw | fy | fx | | sk | | .f | |- | mw | na | (mɣ) | | | a'a | | ŋw |} == Bayanan kula == <references group="note" /> == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * http://www.koeppe.de/titel_details.php?id=514 * https://web.archive.org/web/20120405160934/http://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/numeral/Kuteb.htm * http://www.koeppe.de/titel_details_print.php?id=514 * http://globalrecordings.net/en/language/1757 * [http://main.journalofwestafricanlanguages.org/index.php/downloads/send/25-volume0901/125-the-recapitulating-pronouns-in-kuteb Sake ambaton Karin magana a Kuteb] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503203206/http://main.journalofwestafricanlanguages.org/index.php/downloads/send/25-volume0901/125-the-recapitulating-pronouns-in-kuteb |date=2015-05-03 }} == Manazarta == [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] [[Category:Harsuna]] [[Category:Al'adun Najeriya]] [[Category:Al'ummomin Nijeriya]] [[Category:Al'ummomi]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] hrmyms2h0a5737mav14yp8h7sulaylb 0 21548 974846 974133 2026-11-01T16:00:09Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974846 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}[[File:Song LGA in Adamawa State.svg|thumb]] [[Fayil:SAN 7773 05 (Fulani Settlement).jpg|thumb|gidan fulani Adamawa ]] [[Fayil:Adamawa Soldier.jpg|thumb|sojojin adamawa]] A '''Adamawa wani''' harsuna ne a putative iyali na 80-90 harsuna warwatse ko'ina cikin Adamawa Filato a tsakiyar Afirka, a [[Najeriya]], [[Kamaru]], [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afrika ta Tsakiya]], da kuma [[Cadi|Chadi]], magana gaba ɗaya da ɗaya kawai, kuma a rabin miliyan (kamar na shekarar 1996). Joseph Greenberg ya sanya su a matsayin reshe daya na dangin Adamawa – Ubangi na harsunan [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] – Congo. Suna kuma daga cikin ƙananan yaruka da ake nazari a cikinsu a [[Afirka]], kuma sun haɗa da yarukan da ke cikin haɗari; kusan mafi girma shine [[Harshen Mumuye|Mumuye]], tare da masu magana da shi mutane a kalla guda 400,000. Wasu harsunan da ba a rarraba su ba - musamman Laal da Jalaa - an samo su a gefen yankin Adamawa. A yanayin ƙasa, yaren Adamawa suna kwance kusa da inda aka sanya Niger-Congo - Tsakiyar Sudan ta Tsakiya wanda kuma wataƙila ya haifar da dangin Atlantic-Congo, don haka yana iya wakiltar tsakiyar hasken gidan.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2020}}. == Rarrabuwa == Joseph Greenberg ya buga yarukan Adamawa a matsayin wani yanki na Adamawa – Ubangian (wanda ake kira da ''Adamawa – Gabas),'' ya kuma raba su zuwa ƙungiyoyi 14 masu lamba. Rukunin G3, Daka (ko Dakoid), yanzu an san shi reshe ne na Benuwe-Congo. Dangantakar sauran rassa ta sami babban kwaskwarima. === Greenberg (1963) === Ƙungiyoyi Adamawa guda 14 na lambobin Greenberg sune kamar haka: {| class="wikitable sortable" !Lamba ! Rukuni |- | G1 | Tula – Waja |- | G2 | Leko |- | G3 | Daka |- | G4 | Duru |- | G5 | Mumuye – Yendang |- | G6 | Mbum |- | G7 | Bəna – Mboi (Yungur) |- | G8 | Nyimwom (Kam) |- | G9 | Bikwin – Jen |- | G10 | [[Harshen Longuda|Longuda]] |- | G11 | [[Harshen Fali|Fali]] |- | G12 | Nimbari |- | G13 | Bua |- | G14 | Kim |} === Boyd (1989) === Boyd a shekara ta (1989) ya ƙara harshen Rana kuma ya rarraba su kamar haka:<ref>Boyd, Raymond. 1989. Adamawa-Ubangi. In Bendor-Samuel, John (ed.), ''The Niger-Congo Languages: A Classification and Description of Africa's Largest Language Family'', 178-215. Lanham MD, New York & London: University Press of America.</ref> * Leko – Nimbari (ko Chamba – Mumuye). ** Duru : G4 ** Leko : G2 ** Mumuye – Yendang : G5 ** ''Nimbari :'' G12 * Mbum-Day ** Bua : G13 ** Kim : G14 ** Mbum : G6 ** ''Rana'' * Waja – Jen ** Bikwin – Jen (ko Jen): G9 ** Tula – Wiyaa (ko Waja): G1 ** Bəna – Mboi (ko Yungur): G7 ** ''Baa'' (aka Kwa) ** ''[[Harshen Longuda|Longuda]]'' : G10 * ''Nyimwom'' (ko Kam: G8) Ya cire [[Harshen Fali|harsunan Fali]] (G11). === Güldemann (2018) === Güldemann (2018) ya amince da "ɗumbin asali" guda 14 na Adamawa, amma yana da masaniya game da matsayin su a cikin Nijar-Congo sune kamar haka. * Tula-Waja * ''[[Harshen Longuda|Longuda]]'' * Bena-Mboi * Bikwin-Jen * Samba-Duru * Mumuyic * Maya (Yendangic) * Kebi-Benue (Mbumic) * Kimic * Buaic * ''Rana'' * ''Baa'' = ''Kwa'' * ''Nyingwom'' = ''Kam'' * ''[[Harshen Fali|Fali]]'' === Kleinewillinghöfer (2019) === Kleinewillinghöfer (2019), a cikin Gidan yanar gizon Project Harsuna na Adamawa, ya amince da rukunoni guda 17 masu zuwa a matsayin yarukan Adamawa sune kamar haka.<ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2019. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/adamawa-languages/ Adamawa Language Groups]''. Adamawa Languages Project.</ref> * Tula-Waja ( Waja ): G1<ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2012/10/TULA-WAJA-100-wordlist.pdf Tula-Waja comparative wordlist (Swadesh 100)]''. (1995 field notes.) Adamawa Languages Project.</ref><ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2014/03/Tula-Waja-Pronouns-and-Numbers.pdf Tula-Waja pronouns and numbers]''. Adamawa Languages Project.</ref> * Bikwin-Jen (Burak, Jen): G9<ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2015. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2011/11/Bikwin-Jen-comparative-wordlist-100.pdf Bikwin-Jen Comparative wordlist (Swadesh 100)]''. (1995 field notes.) Adamawa Languages Project.</ref><ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2014/03/Bikwin-Jen-Pronouns-and-Numbers-1-10.pdf Bikwin-Jen Pronouns and Numbers 1-10]''. Adamawa Languages Project.</ref> * ''Kam (Nyiŋɔm, Nyiwom, Nyingwom)'': G8<ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2015. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2015/07/Kam-Nyingwom-notes.pdf Some notes on Nyiŋɔm (aka Nyingwom or Kam)]''. (2011 field notes.) Adamawa Languages Project.</ref> * [[Harshen Longuda|Longuda]] (Nʋngʋra tari): G10<ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2012/02/Longuda-Nungura-wordlist-100.pdf Longuda ~ Nʋngʋra wordlist (Swadesh 100)]''. Adamawa Languages Project.</ref><ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2014/03/Longuda-pronouns-and-numbers-1-10.pdf Longuda Pronouns and Numbers]''. Adamawa Languages Project.</ref> * ''Baa (Kwa)''<ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 1993. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2015/04/Baa-wordlist-100.pdf Baa Wordlist (Swadesh 100)]''. Adamawa Languages Project.</ref><ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2014/03/Baa-pronouns-and-numbers.pdf Baa pronouns and numbers]''. Adamawa Languages Project.</ref> * Mumuye: G5 * Yandang (Yendang): G5<ref>Blench, Roger; Barau Kato; Zachariah Yoder. 2009. ''[http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/AU/Yandang%20group/Comparatie%20Yandang.pdf The Maya (Yendang) languages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150420034000/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/AU/Yandang%20group/Comparatie%20Yandang.pdf |date=2015-04-20 }}''.</ref> * Samba - Duru (Chamba-Leko, Leko, Duru, Sama-Duru, Samba Leeko): G2, G4<ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2015. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2015/06/Gimme-Vere-Doyayo.pdf Gimme-Vere-Doyayo wordlists]''. Adamawa Languages Project.</ref><ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2015. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2015/06/Vere-group-100-.pdf Vere wordlists]''. Adamawa Languages Project.</ref> * Ɓəna-Mboi (Yungur): G7<ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2012/02/%C6%81%C9%99na-Mboi-YUNGUR-wordlist-100.pdf Ɓəna-Mboi comparative wordlist (Swadesh 100)]''. Adamawa Languages Project.</ref><ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2014/03/Yungur-pronouns-and-numbers.pdf Ɓəna-Mboi pronouns and numbers]''. Adamawa Languages Project.</ref><ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 1992 [2014]. [https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2012/02/Evidence-of-noun-classes-in-languages-of-the-Yungur-group.pdf Evidence of noun classes in languages of the Yungur group]''. Adamawa Languages Project.''</ref> * Kebi-Benue ( Mbum ): G6 * Kim: G14 * ''Rana'' * Bua: G13 * ''Nimbari (Baari, Bari)'': G12 [ya bace]<ref>Kastenholz, Raimund; Ulrich Kleinewillinghöfer. 2012. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2012/06/Nimbari.pdf Nimbari as a language name]''. Adamawa Languages Project.</ref> * ''Duli - Gewe (Gey, Gueve)'' [dadaddun] * ? ''[[Harshen Fali|Fali]]'': G11 * ? ''Chamba-Daka ( Daka )'': G3 [[Harshen Longuda|Kungiyoyin]] Tula-Waja, Longuda, Ɓəna-Mboi, Samba - Duru, da Bua ne kawai ke da darajojin suna. Sauran rukunin suna nuni ne kawai da tsarin tsoffin sunaye.<ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2018/06/ADAMAWA-Kleinewillinghoefer_04_02_2014.pdf Adamawa]''. ‘Linguistisches Kolloquium’, Seminar für Afrikawissenschaften, 04 Februar 2014. Institut für Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.</ref> === Blench (2012, 2020) === Roger Blench (2012)<ref>Blench, Roger. 2012. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/General/Niger-Congo%20an%20alternative%20view.pdf Niger-Congo: an alternative view] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203022520/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/General/Niger-Congo%20an%20alternative%20view.pdf |date=2012-12-03 }}.</ref> kammala da cewa harsunan Adamawa rukuni ne na yanki, ba dangin yare ba, kuma ya rabu da rassa daban-daban a cikin dangin Savannas da yake nema. Ya sanya wasu daga cikin yarukan yammacin Adamawa kusa da na yaren Gur fiye da sauran dangin Adamawa. Fali an kaɗance daga Savannas gaba ɗaya. Blench (2020) yana riƙe da haɗi tsakanin Mumuye da Yendang, amma ya fasa Samba-Duru na Kleinewillinghöfer. == Languagesananan harsunan adamawa == Harshen Oblo na [[Kamaru]] an haɗa shi a cikin juzu'i da yawa na ƙungiyar Adamawa, amma matsayinta a ciki ba shi da tabbas.<ref>Ayotte, Michael and Charlene Ayotte. 2002. [https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/9104 Sociolinguistic language survey of Dama, Mono, Pam, Ndai and Oblo]. SIL International.</ref> An yi ta rade-radin cewa harshen Laal da ba a rarrabawa na [[Cadi|Chadi na]] iya zama Adamawa; yaren Jalaa na [[Najeriya]] tabbas ba adamawa bane, amma yana nuna tasirin Adamawa sosai. Koyaya, duka ɗayansu yanzu ana ɗauke dasu a matsayin keɓe harshe. == Kwatanta ƙamus == Samfurin asali ƙamus na Adamawa harsuna daga Kleinewillinghöfer ta ''Adamawa Harsuna Project'' website da kuma daban-daban da sauran kafofin sune kamar haka:<ref>Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2019. ''[https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/adamawa-languages/ Adamawa Language Groups]''. Adamawa Languages Project.</ref> ''Lura'' : A cikin sassan tebur tare da yankin, ana ba da muɗaɗɗen sifa kafin laushi, yayin da sigar jam'in ke biyo bayan slash. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 80%" !Rarrabuwa !Harshe !Rukunin harshe !ido !kunne !hanci !haƙori !harshe !baki !jini !ƙashi !ruwa !bishiya !ci !suna |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Baa | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Baa | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nu(ví) / rínù | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |ǹtú / ríǹtú | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |gyo̰ / rigyó̰ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nyanwívì / rí- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |dyḛǹ(vì) | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nyààvì | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |twèèn | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kukút | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |mán | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kii / rikii | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |gyâ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |zin |- | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Bikwin-Jen | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Proto-Jen (Proto-Bikwin-Jen) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |up I | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |*núŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |*tswi | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |*lúr(i) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |*le | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |*ɗək; (*lyəN) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |*ɲwa | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |*ɥe/*zwi | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |*kub | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |*kəb | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |*mɛ/*mɨŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |*tə́ŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |*lɨn/*ɗwín |- | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Bikwin-Jen | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Burak (Ɓʊʊrak) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" | | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |núŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |twíi ? | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lúúri | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lée | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗá̰k | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nyúwaa, nywaa | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |wɪ́ɪ́ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kúb, kúp ? | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |mɛ́ɛ́ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗít / yéɗit | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |tá̰ŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lín̄ |- | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Bikwin-Jen | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Loo (Shʊŋɔ) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Galdemaru | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɛrɛ nuŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |twɪ́ɪ́ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lúúrì | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lei | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗak | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nywa | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |dùm | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kúp | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |mɛ́ɛ́ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗít | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |táŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nin |- | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Bikwin-Jen | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Loo (Shʊŋɔ) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Waamura | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɛrɛ nuŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |twɪ́ɪ́ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lúúrì | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lei | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗak | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nywa | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |dùm | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kúp | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |mɛ́ɛ́ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |káp | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |táŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nin |- | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Bikwin-Jen | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Maɣdi (Tala) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" | | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |núŋ / yéénuŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |cwéé | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |luuli | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |léí | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗák | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nyuwaa | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ywee | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kób, kúób / yéé kób | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |míshì | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |káp / yéékáp | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |taŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lin |- | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Bikwin-Jen | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Lee Mak | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Panya | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nuŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |dɔkswíì | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗuurə | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lei | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lén | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nuwaa | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lyüé | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kóp | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |mui kya | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kap / yeekâp | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |táŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗín |- | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Bikwin-Jen | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Lee Mak | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Zoo | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nuŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |(ɗɔ́k)shwìyè | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗuurə | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lei | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lén | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nuwa | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lyüé | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kúóp | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |mwui kya | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kàp | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |táŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗin |- | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Bikwin-Jen | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Kya̰k (Bambuka) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" | | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |núŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗɔ́kswì | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗúr | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lɛ́ɛ́ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗyím | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ŋwaà | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |zwìì | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kəkəp | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |mùŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |káp | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |táŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗwín |- | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Bikwin-Jen | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Mɔɔ (Gomu) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" | | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nə́ŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗɔ́kfíì | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗúr | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lɛ́ɛ́ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗyík | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ŋwaa | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |zìì | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kúp | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |mùŋ kwâm | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kaap | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |taŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗwín |- | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Bikwin-Jen | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |LeeLau (Munga, Munga Leelau) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" | | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |núŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗɔkswî | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗurr, ndurr | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |léí | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lyén | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ŋwaà | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |zìì | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kukup; (kʊkʊp ?) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |munki | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kâp | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |tâŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗún |- | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Bikwin-Jen | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Dza (Jen) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Kaigama | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nə́ŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |tshwötshwí | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |bwaadjwí | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |djìì | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lʌ̰́ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nnwâ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |hywṵi, hywḭ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kʊʊkʊ́, kʊkʊ́ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |mmə́ŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kɐ́ɐ / ekʌ́(ʌ) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |táŋ, tháŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |djwuŋ |- | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Bikwin-Jen | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Munga (Məngaŋ) Doso | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" | | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nəŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |cúcwì | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kádwì | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |íì | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lyêm | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ŋwàà | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ehywü; (exwü) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kúkwə̀ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |məŋ tsər | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kaa / lékaa | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |tâŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ɗyíìŋ |- | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Bikwin-Jen | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Joole | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" | | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nə́ŋ / ee- | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |tʃwü tʃwí | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nwá̰ dwí | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |jì(ì) (calabash) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |lʌ́ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |ká̰ nw̰á̰ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |hṵ̈̀ḭ̀ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kùkú | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |mə́ŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kʌ́ / èèkʌ́ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |táŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |dzuŋ |- | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Bikwin-Jen | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Jòòle | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |Joole Manga | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |bwàà nù | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |bwaa tywi | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |bwàà dṵ̀ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |gigi | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |láŋ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kányua | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |vi (?) | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |kúkú | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |míkyá | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |nyááká / nyááká búbáí | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |tà̰à̰ | style="background-color: #d1ebeb" |dumà |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula-Waja | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Wɪya, Waja, Wajan Kasa | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nuŋè | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |twɪ́yaʊ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |boocu | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nwii | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |bɛnɛ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nɪyaʊ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tumà | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kuu | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |gundù | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |sou | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |jɛ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |dənè |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula-Waja | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Waja | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Deeri, Wajan Dutse | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |gɔn niŋi | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |podou / podoru | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula-Waja | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Kutule, Tula | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Wange | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kwalaŋɛ / kwalaŋi | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kətɛ́ɛ́lɛ̀ / kətɛ́ɛ́lɪ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |cʊʊn / cʊʊni | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kunuwaŋ / nǔǔm, tunuri | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |ben / beni | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |yii / yiini | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kʊtʊm | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kətiyaŋ / tətiini | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |mwɛ̀ / mwɛti | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tíyaŋ / tííní | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |cáú ~ ʃáú | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |dən / dimbi |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula-Waja | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Baule | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nù / núl | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kə̀tɛ́ɛ́lɛ̀ / kə̀tɛ́ɛ́lɪ̀ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |sʊ́ʊ́n / sʊ́ʊ́nɪ́, sʊ́ŋə́n | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kə́núwáŋ / núúm, tə́núri | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |been / bééni | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |yí / yiiní | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kʌtùùm | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kətiyá námáŋ / tətiini náiyé | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |mwɛ̀ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kətíyá / tətííní | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |saʊ; sa (mwàn) | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |də́n / də́mbí |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula-Waja | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Yili (Yiri) | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nuù / nuuto | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kətɛ́ɛ́lɪ / kətɛ́ɛ́nɪ́ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |ʃʊ́ʊ́l / ʃʊ́ʊ́wɪ̀ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kunuuŋ / nuum | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |bííl / bííwí | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |yii / yiiní | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kʊtʊʊ̀m | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kukúkó / tukútó | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |mwɛ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tiyaŋ / tiini | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |caʊ̀; ca (mwân) | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |diń / dimən |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula-Waja | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Yebu, Awak | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |núŋí | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |bwaará | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |suur ~ sʊʊr | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nuŋún | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |beén | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nìí | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tuum | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kuukú | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |mwê; mwɛ̀ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tii | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |sáb | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |duń |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula-Waja | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Baŋjiŋe, Bangwinji | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nuwe / nuwetini | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tuù / tuuní | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |ʃóór, cóór | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nuǹ / nuǹtini | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |bien / bienni ? | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nyii / nyiini | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |bwiyalɛ̀ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kúk / kútí | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |mwɛ́m | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tu / tum | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |câm | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |dén |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula-Waja | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Dadiya | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nuu / nuutin | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |lɔɔ̀l | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |jʊl | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |núŋùn | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |ben | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |níyò / níyétìn | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tʊ́ʊ́m | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kuto | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |mwḛ̂ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tiyà / tiyàntin | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |jáá | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |dùń |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula-Waja | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Maa, Kamo | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |núŋé | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kúmó | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |cóór | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nugun | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |bén̄ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nyiyé | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tʊ́ʊ́m | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kúúbú | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |mwɛ́ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nyáŋlá | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |dágʊ́m (wúrgé) | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |dìń |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula-Waja | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Dijim, [[Harshen Mwona|Cham]] | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Kindiyo | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kʌmɪ / kámtɛ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |suu; suwoŋ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |jʊ̀r, jʊ̀ʊ̀r | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nuŋun / nuŋtɛ́ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |lʌŋər / laŋtɛ́ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nyʷii / nyʷiini | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |dʊ̀gʊ́m | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kuk / kute | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |híí | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |riyaŋ / riitɛ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |jau | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |dun / duntɛ̀ |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula-Waja | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Bwilim, [[Harshen Mwona|Cham]] | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Mɔna | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nu / nute | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |getuwaŋ / getuwai | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |taanù / taantɔ́ʊ́ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |bemnù / bemtou | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nyii / nyiini | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |gə̀mí | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |záà | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula-Waja | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tso | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Suwabou | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nuŋ / nuntóú | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |wɔɔnʊ́ / wɔɔntáú | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nyulóónù / nyulóóntù | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nunu / núntòù | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |lameno / lamtʊ̀ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nyii / nyiini | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |dɔɔ̀m | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tsá / tseni | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |láà / laátóú | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tsá / tsenì | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |za | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |dín / díntòù |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula-Waja | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tso | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Gusubo | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nùŋ / nùntù | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |fə̀là / fə̀lààni | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |dətəmòròù / tə̀tə̀mòtòù | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |taanʊ̀ / taantú | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |béémnó / béémtóú | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nyii / nyiini | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tsá / tseni | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |la / latóú | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tsá / tsénì | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |zaà | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |dín / díntú |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tula-Waja | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Tso | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Barbou | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |dʊ̀m | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tsá / tsáni | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |yìbè / laátóú | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | |- | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |isolate | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |Jalaa | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" | | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |dyiríì / dyitə̂ | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |buŋôŋ | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |yamə-r / yamə-ta | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |tənəm / tənemté̩ | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |laŋe̩r / laŋté̩ | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |bo̩o̩, bwo̩ / bo̩o̩-ní | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |bwiirùm | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |kùsì-gò̩ / -nìó | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |gwìì-ràŋ, gwìì-ròŋ / -tè̩ | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |mwê̩ | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |hâl | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |nuŋ kúlájí; kwáráŋ wò̩gə́n ? |- | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |[[Harshen Longuda|Longuda]] | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Cerii (Ceriŋ, Banjiram) | style="background-color: #ece0f0" | | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |nyʊ̰lá / nyʊ̰ʔá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |thʊ́lá / thwíyá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dɔ́ŋkhá / dɔ́ŋthá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |gàràlá / gará | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dhilimkha / dhilimtha | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |nyàkhá / nyàthá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |thùmá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |kwacalá / kwacáá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |mámá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |thíká / thímá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dhà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |zííndé / zíné |- | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Longuda | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Deele (Jessu) | style="background-color: #ece0f0" | | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |nyʊ̀ʊ̀là / nyʊ̀ʊ̀lʔà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |tʊ́là / twáʔà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |jɔ́ɔ́(ŋ)khà / jɔ́ɔ́(ŋ)thà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |galáwa / galáhà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dhələ́mkhà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |nyàkà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |thʊ́mà; surmə̀ | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |kukubə́lə̀ / kukubə́ʔə̀ | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |mámà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |thikhà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |já, jáʔà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |jááunla / jááunʔà |- | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Longuda | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Koola (Thaarʊ) | style="background-color: #ece0f0" | | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |nyʊ̰lá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |tʊ́lá / twáʔá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |zɔɔŋkha | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |gàlàwá / gàlàhá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dələmka | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |nyalá / nyaʔá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |tʊmá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |tsakəbla / tsakəbʔa | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |mama | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |thíká | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |zà ; zà nyoomò | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dəmla / dəmʔá |- | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Longuda | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Wala Lunguda | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |[[Guyuk (Nijeriya)|Guyuk]] | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |nyuŋlá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |thʊ́wá / thwáá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |joonka | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |garala / garaʔa / | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |zilimkha | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |nyakhá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |tumá, thuma | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |kwaca, kwacalá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |mámá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |thíkhá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |jà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |zindè / zinè |- | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Longuda | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Gwaanda (Nyuwar) | style="background-color: #ece0f0" | | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |nyṵnla | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |zingala / zingaʔa | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |jɔ̰ŋka | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |nyile / nyiʔe | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dhilimka | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |nyàkà / nyàthà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |sirme | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |kwacala / kwacaʔa | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |mama, dwaama | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |waha̰ka / waha̰ma | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dháà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dzaunla; dziiŋle |- | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Longuda | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Gwaanda | style="background-color: #ece0f0" | | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |nyṵlà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dzíngálá | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |jónká | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |nyúlə́ | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dhílímká | style="background-color: #ece0f0" | | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |súrmá, súrmé ? | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |kwàcàlà / kwàcàà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |mámá, dwàmà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |wàhàkà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dà; thà | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dzínlə́ |- | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Bena-Mboi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Ɓəna (Yungur) | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Dumne | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |núú / nṵ́ṵ́sâ | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |gwḛ́ḛ́ / gwḛ́ḛ́mé | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |tímrá / címtá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗə́fá / ɗə́mtá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗəlmaarà / ɗəlmaatà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ʔéé / ʔéémé | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |kẃadmá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |tə́fá / tə́ptá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |mbraá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɓota / nbwece | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |kə́fə́ | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗənda / ɗənta |- | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Bena-Mboi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Ɓəna (Yungur) | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Pirambe | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |núú / nṵ́ṵ́śa | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |gwe / gweme | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |tímrá / tímtá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗə́mbá / ɗə́mtá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗəlmaarà / ɗəlmaatà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ʔḛḛ / ʔéémé | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |munma | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |tə́fá / tə́ptá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |mbərá / mbəramsî | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɓota / nɓétè | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |kə́fə́ | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗənda / ɗənta |- | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Bena-Mboi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Voro | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Waltaandi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |núú / núúza | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |gwḛ́ḛ́ / gwḛ́ḛ́mé | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |tímrá / tímtá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗə́mbá / ɗə́mtá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗəlḿáará / ɗəlḿáatá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ʔḛḛ / ʔḛ́ḛ́mé | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |kẃadmá, mùnmà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |tə́fá / tə́ptá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |mbráá [muwa ?] | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɓòtà / ŋbété | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |kə́fə́ | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗə́ndá / ɗə́ntá |- | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Bena-Mboi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Voro | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Ɓéttandi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |kẃadmá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |tə́fá / tə́ptá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |mbra̰a̰ | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɓòtà / ŋbété | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |kə́fə́ | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗə́ndá / ɗə́ntá |- | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Bena-Mboi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Ɓəna (Laala) | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Bodei (Bodwai) | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |nuú / nuujà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |gwḛḛ / gwḛḛmé | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |timrá / timtá, timté | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗəmbá / ɗəmtá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗə̀lmààrà / ɗə̀lmààtà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |nyḛ́ḛ́ / nyḛ́ḛ́mé | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |bòblà / bòbjà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |təpa / təutá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |mbrá̰à̰ / mbráámjà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɓotá / ngwaaté | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |jeè | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗíndá / ɗíntá |- | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Bena-Mboi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Ɓəna (Laala) | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Yang | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |nuú / nùùzà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |gwɛ̰ɛ̰ / gwɛ̰ɛ̰mé | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |tìmrá / tìmtí | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗimbá / ɗimtá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗilmará / ɗilmaatá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ḛ̀yḛ́ / ḛ̀yḛ̀mé | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |mónmá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |təfá / tòùtá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |bərà̰à̰ | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɓotá / ngwbaté | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |kəwə́ | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |díndá / díntá |- | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Bena-Mboi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Robma (Laala Roba) | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |nuu / nuuwà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |gwee / gweemé | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |tìmrá / tìmtí | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗimbá / ɗimtá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |dilmará / dilmatá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ḛḛ́ / eḛ́msà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |monma | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |təfá / təfáámse | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |bura / buráámsà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɓotá / ngbaté | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |sewò | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |dinda / dinta |- | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Bena-Mboi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Mboi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Gulungo | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗəmbó / ɗìmda | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |aʔəhḛ | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |matəma | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ngɔdɔ́ / angedé | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ndià / ndiidà |- | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Bena-Mboi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Mboi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Livo | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |núú / núúźa | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |tṵṵ̀ / tṵṵzà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ifiya / ifita | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |dúmbó / dimtà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |lemiya / lemta | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ahʔhi / ʔhimza | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |matəma | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |tutto / acicé | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |mbiya | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ngɔ́tɔ́ / ángété | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ʒé | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ndíà / ndiità |- | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Bena-Mboi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Mboi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Haanda | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |nuu / nuuzà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |tuŋ / atʃw̄i | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |rifḛḛrà / rifḛḛtà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |dúmbó / dimtà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |leembərà / leemtà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ahʔhḭ̀ / mbai hímzà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |mátə́má | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |túftò / atʃúfè | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |mbra | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ŋbótó / aŋbécè | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |zé | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ndera / ndərtata |- | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Bena-Mboi | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Kaan (Libo) | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |sunu / (sunuḿa) | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |twḭ / twiiḿa | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |shimbə́r / shimbətəmá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |təmbər / təmbərmâ | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ɗəlaamíì / ɗəlaamííʔóó | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ʔii / ʔiim | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |morúm | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |təfəra / təfətəmá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |barə̀m | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |mərə̂m / mərəməmá | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |zə́ | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ndə̀r / ndərmá |- | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |Yendang | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |Bali | style="background-color: #f1e9df" | | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |ní | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |tɛ́ | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |sɛ́ | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |síbí | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |ŋwɛ́lɛ | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |ɲɛ́ | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |míɗɛnɛ́ | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |kṹɓí | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |tí | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |mí | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |mò[k] | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |lím |- | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |Yendang | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |Kpasham | style="background-color: #f1e9df" | | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |núɛ̃́ | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |wàswé | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |ɲɛ́swɛ́ | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |síbí | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |ŋwɔ́le | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |ɲɛ́ | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |mídwíne | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |kũ̀bi | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |sí | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |mí | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |mɔk | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |nə̌ŋ |- | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |Yendang | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |Yoti | style="background-color: #f1e9df" | | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |dóo | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |tóo | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |sɔ́ɔ̃́ | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |ʃúu | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |wúlɛ̀ | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |ɲâ | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |dii | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |kúnwí | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |tí | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |mii | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |mòk | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |níŋ |- | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |Yendang | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |Yandang | style="background-color: #f1e9df" | | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |nɔk | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |tòk | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |ɲánsũ | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |rùk | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |lɛka | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |ɲǎk | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |le | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |kún | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |dĩ̀hĩ̀ | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |mí | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |mogí | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |inaŋ |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Mumuye | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Proto-Mumuye | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |*nu-ng, *nung; *gí-ǹg | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |*co-V, *coo | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |*su-ng, *sung | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |*tná-li/-ri | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |*ɗè-V/ng-ti | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |*nyaa | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |*kpa-V̀; *zing, *zi-ng | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |*ka (redup.), *kak-V | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |*mi-V, *mii, *min ? | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |*la-V, *laa | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |*caa | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |*ríǹg, *rí-ǹg |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Mumuye | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |[[Harshen Mumuye|Mumuye]] ([[Zing (Nijeriya)|Zing]]) | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nung | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |shoo | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |sung | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |tnári | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |rèétè | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |nyaa | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kpaà | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kaka | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |mee | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |laa | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |shaa | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |ríńg |- | style="background-color: #f0f1df" |Kam | style="background-color: #f0f1df" |Nyiŋɔm (Kam) | style="background-color: #f0f1df" |Din Kamaajin | style="background-color: #f0f1df" |ànùŋ | style="background-color: #f0f1df" |àkàr | style="background-color: #f0f1df" |àmə̀ràk | style="background-color: #f0f1df" |àshàg / àshàgìyo | style="background-color: #f0f1df" |àlímə́ní | style="background-color: #f0f1df" |ŋwé | style="background-color: #f0f1df" |wò | style="background-color: #f0f1df" |àkùb | style="background-color: #f0f1df" |mə̀ŋ káŋá | style="background-color: #f0f1df" |bàl / bàl yo | style="background-color: #f0f1df" |nìm; nəm níì (imp.) | style="background-color: #f0f1df" | |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vere | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Jango | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɔ́ru / nɔ́ī | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tóŋ / tónnun | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míŋ; míŋ̄ / mínnùŋ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |núúrù / núúi | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mbéélu / mbéī | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |ndáŋ̄ / ndántun | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |kpa'arú / kpaˀatɛ́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |rɛ́ndúkú / rɛ́ndɛ́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |máŋ / mántúŋ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |rák / ratú | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |rɛɛ kóp | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |ríírú / rííté |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vere | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Jango (Southern) | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɔ́ru / nɔ́(t)tí | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míŋ̄ / mínnùŋ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |núúrù / núúyì | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mbéélu / mbéétɛ́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |ndáŋ̄ / ndántùŋ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |kpààˀru / kpàˀɛ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |rɛɛŋ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vere | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Were | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nǒrrō | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tōn(g) | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mi(n)(g) | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nūī (pl.) | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |bēlō | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |dǎ(n)(g) | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |pǎrū | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |gaemām | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vere | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Batəm | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɔr / nɔˀ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tok / toˀ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míˀ / miin | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |núúr / núˀ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mɛ́ɛ́l / mɛ́ˀté | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |súˀ / sut | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |kwaal / kwaaˀ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |niŋg / nin | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |maam / máámə̀t | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |teh / tɛt | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |règùm; rɛ̀ká | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |ríˀír / ríˀtɛ |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vere | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Momi | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɔ̀r / nɔ̀ˀ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tɔ̀k / tɔ̀ˀˀ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mii / miin | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nùùr / nùùˀ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |meel / meeli | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |suu / suut | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |kpààl / kpaai | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nènk / nèn | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |máàm / máŋ̀bət | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tè / tèt | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |règùm; rɛ̀ká; rèèká | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |ríír / rííti |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vere | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vɔkba | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɔr / nɔˀti | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tok / torum | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nik (?) | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |núˀ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mɛ́l | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |súˀ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |kòàl | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |néŋ / néŋti | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mám | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tɛˀ / tɛtə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |regɨm | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |ríí |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vere | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Wɔmmu | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɔ́r / núɔ́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tór / tóó (tʋ́r) | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míí / mííne | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nuurə̀/ núútə́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míɛ́le / mɛ́ɛ́té ~ míɛ́té | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |dóbʒɩ̀ / dówwi | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |kwaalə / kwaasə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɛ́ŋkə / nɛ́nté | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |máám | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tɛ́ɛ́ / tɛ́tə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |rɛgum kwɔ́ú | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |níìr / nííté |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vere | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Nissim | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɔ́ɔ́l / núɔ́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tóól / tɔ́ɔ́tə́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míí / mííne | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |núúlə / núúté | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mɛɛ́lə / mɛɛ́té | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |dóbzə/ dóbpe | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |kpaalə / kpaate | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |neŋke / neŋte | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |máám , máám bonúm àm | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tɛ́ɛ́ / tɛ́tə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |lem kúɔ́; lekə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |níllə / níttə́ |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vere | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Eilim | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɔ́l / nɔ́ɔ́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tól / tóó | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míí / míímtə̀ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |núúl / núúté | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mɛɛ́l / mɛɛ́té | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |dám / damderei | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |kpaal / kpaatə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mám̀ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tɛ́ɛ̄ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |lem kúɔ́; lekə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |líllə / níttə́ |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vere | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Kobom | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɔ́rì / nɔ́ɔ́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tókù / tóó | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mí / míímītī | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |núúrì / nuute | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mɛ́ɛ́ni / mɛ́té | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |dám / dámtíréí | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mɛɛm | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɛ́ŋkù / nɛ́ŋté | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tɛ́ / tɛ́ti | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |réí; rékɔ́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |rííri / rííté |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vere | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vɔmnəm | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɔr / nɔɔ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tukò / tuŋbərəm | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míì / míìm | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nuurò / nuute | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mɛɛlò / mɛɛte | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |súú / sútò | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |kwaalò / kwaasò | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɛ́ŋkò / nɛŋté | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |maàm | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tɛɛ / tɛɛtə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |rɛm; rɛkò | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |niirò / niite |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vere | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Damtəm | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nuɔ̀l / nuɔ̀rɛ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tɔ́l / tɔrɛ, tɔɔtɛ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míl / mííté | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |núl / núúte | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mɛl / mɛɛte | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |dám / damtər | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |kpaal / kpaaʃe | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |lyɛngə̀ / lɛŋsyɛ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tii / tiitə̀ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nʌ́l / nʌʌtə́ |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vere | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Gəunəm-Yar (Gə-Yarəm) | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nual / nuare | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |cul / curie, tuure | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míəl / mííré | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |núúl / núúré | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míál / mɛ́re | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |dám / dámdə́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |kpàal/ kpààsə̀də̀ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nyáŋsə́l / nyáŋsé, nyáŋgə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mám | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |lau / lasə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |lìní kúə́; lìə̀- kúə́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |lə́l / lérə |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Vere | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Gə-Lim | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nual / nuarie | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |túl / túríé | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míil / mííré | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nuul / nuurie | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mɛ́rl / mɛ́ɛ́rɛ̄ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |dám / dámdə́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |kpaal / kpaarie | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nyángə́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mám | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |láú / lásə́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |lìní; lìə̀- kúʌ́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |lʌl / lʌʌrie |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Gəmnəm | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Beiya | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nol / nootə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tol / tootə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mííl / míítə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |núŋlə̄ / núŋ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mɛ́ɛ́l / mɛ́ɛ́tə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nok / noŋtə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |meem / meemtə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |néngə, nɛ́ngə / néŋzə, nɛ́ŋzə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |má:m / máámtə̄ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |téé / teete | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |liiná ; lìì kɔ́p | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nííl / níítə |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Gəmnəm | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Gindoo | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɔl | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tol | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míl | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɨŋ́ lə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mɛ́l | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɔk | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mem | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɨŋ́ ə / nɨŋ́ gə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mám | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |teˀ/ tetə | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |níl |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Gəmnəm | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Riitime | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɔ́lé / nɔ́ˀɔ́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tólé / tóˀó | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mííle / mííˀe | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |lúŋle / lúŋe | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |méle / méˀē | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nogúsa / nóŋté | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mēēmē | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |léngo / léŋē | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |máámē / mámte | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |téˀé / tété | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |lii kóóp | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |lə́lē / lə́ˀə |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Gəmme | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Gəmme | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nólé / nóˀɛ́ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tólé / tóˀó | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míhˀle / míhˀie | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |níŋlē / níŋē | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |méhˀle / méhyē | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |yòlé / yòé | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míímé | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |níngē / níŋmē | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |memˀe | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |téˀé / teˀnē | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |lee lená | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nímlē / nímē |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Gəmme | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Baanma | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɔla / nɔˀɔ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |toga, toˀga / toˀma | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |míhla / míˀi | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |níŋla / níŋa | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mɛ́hla / mɛˀɛ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |yòla / yòˀo | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |miima / miimda | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɨŋ́ ga / nɨ́ŋma | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mema / memda | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |teˀɛ/ teˀna | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |lee lená | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nɨḿ la / nɨḿ a |- | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Doyayo | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |Doyayo | style="background-color: #dff1e0" | | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |lɔ¹lɛ¹ ~ yɔ̰¹lɛ¹ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tɔ̰n¹ɛ¹ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mḭḭl²; gɔ̰ɔ̰s²ɛ³ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nuŋ⁴go² | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mɛlɛ³² | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |ya̰a̰¹yɔ¹ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |ga̰a̰⁴mɛ² | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |lɛ̰ŋ³ko² ~ lɛ̰ŋ²ko³ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |mɛ¹mɛ³ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |tɛ̰ɛ̰¹yɔ¹ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |le², lek¹yɔ¹ | style="background-color: #dff1e0" |nuŋ² |- | style="background-color: #dff1ed" |[[Harshen Fali|Fali]] | style="background-color: #dff1ed" |Proto-[[Harshen Fali|Fali]] | style="background-color: #dff1ed" | | style="background-color: #dff1ed" |*nisu (pl.) | style="background-color: #dff1ed" |*tuuyV; *tuuCV | style="background-color: #dff1ed" |*unɨ | style="background-color: #dff1ed" | | style="background-color: #dff1ed" |*rɛɛŋgu | style="background-color: #dff1ed" | | style="background-color: #dff1ed" |*ndʒĩĩmV | style="background-color: #dff1ed" |*kopfti | style="background-color: #dff1ed" | | style="background-color: #dff1ed" |*sɔɔ- | style="background-color: #dff1ed" |*rii- | style="background-color: #dff1ed" |*ĩn- (v.) |- | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |Mbum | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |Proto-Lakka | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" | | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |*nún | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |*sú-k | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |*cɔN-k | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |*sˣɛl/ŋ | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |*rím | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |*nɟá-k | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |*sˣɛ́-m | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |*hū-t/-k | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |*kpə̀(-k) | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |*mbì | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |*lʳak | style="background-color: #e4e0f0" |*rìn |- | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Kim | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Goundo | style="background-color: #ece0f0" | | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |ndʊɾʊ | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |huba | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |vw̃ãl | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |ɲu̯aɾ | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |ɗɛl | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |wʊ | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |tʃʊm | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |kal | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |mam | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |ura | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dʒam | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |jɛmi |- | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Kim | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Besmé | style="background-color: #ece0f0" | | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |ndua | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |hoɾo | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |vũãl | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |hĩjɪm | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |ɗelɛm | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |wu | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |tʃɔm | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |kaːl | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |mam | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |ura | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dʒʊ̝m | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dĩː |- | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Kim | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Kim | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |Kosop | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |ndʷaɾa | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |togor | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |vɔ̝̃r | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |kĩj̃ar | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |ɗɛl | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |wak ̚ | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |sɔma | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |kal | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |mam | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |ʔwaɾa | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |za | style="background-color: #ece0f0" |dĩːl |- | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Day | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |Day | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |nɔ́n | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |sɔ́g | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |mbúr | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ngìì | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |lélì/lélè/lèè | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |nām | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |dém | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |bō̰ | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |ʔém | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |mīɲ | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" | -rì, lāà | style="background-color: #f1dfe5" |jōō |- | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |Bua | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |Proto-Bua | style="background-color: #f1e9df" | | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |*diil; *ʔiil | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |*to(l)(-) | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |*fo̰/ḛl/ɲ(-) ? | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |*nii(-); *ɲ- ? | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |*l₁el(-) | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |*mu/i | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |*s₂e/um(-) / *s₂ḛr- | style="background-color: #f1e9df" | | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |*te/o(l/g-) | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |*l₂i/um(-); *me/on- ? | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |*l₁e; *tu(y) | style="background-color: #f1e9df" |*l₂iil |- | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |isolate | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |Laal | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" | | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |mɨla / mɨní | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |sɨ̀gál / sɨ̀gɨ́y | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |pən / - | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |yàmál / yèmí | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |mal / mə̀lí | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |yəwəl / - | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |suna / - | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kòːg / kuagmi | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |miàdál / miàr ~ miariɲ | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |su / sùgá | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |kaw / kɨw; ɲag / ɲɨg; guru / guru; cíd / cíd | style="background-color: #d6e1ec" |meːl / - |} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/adamawa-languages/ Ayyukan Harshen Adamawa] ( Jami'ar Johannes Gutenberg Mainz ) * [http://llacan.vjf.cnrs.fr/AdaGram/ AdaGram] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904170848/http://llacan.vjf.cnrs.fr/AdaGram/ |date=2019-09-04 }} ( CNRS - INALCO ). Binciken arzikin harsunan Najeriya: nazarin nahawu da takaddun yare na harsunan Adamawa. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160829030047/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/AU/Adamawa%20language%20list.pdf Jerin yarukan Adamawa] - Blench * [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/AU/Wiyaa_group.htm Harsunan Tula-Wiyaa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000716/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/AU/Wiyaa_group.htm |date=2016-03-04 }} - Blench * [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/AU/Leeko_group.htm Kungiyar Leeko]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} - Blench * [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/AU/Perema_page.htm Harshen Perema (Wom) na arewa maso gabashin Najeriya: rarrabuwa, salon magana da kuma sunan surar (PDF)]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} na Roger M. Blench, 2000. Mallam Dendo, Cambridge. * [http://www.sil.org/silesr/abstract.asp?ref=2002-050 Gaggawa game da binciken Gbete (PDF)] na Jason Diller & Kari Jordan-Diller, 2002. Rahoton Binciken Lantarki na SIL SILESR 2002-050. * [http://www.sil.org/silesr/abstract.asp?ref=2002-039 Binciken zamantakewar al'umma na harshen Mambay na Chadi da Kamaru (PDF)] na Cameron Hamm, 2002. Rahoton Binciken Lantarki na SIL SILESR 2002-039. * [http://www.sil.org/silesr/abstract.asp?ref=2002-048 Bincike mai sauri da bincike na lexicostatistical na Dama, Mono, Pam, Ndai da Oblo (PDF)] na Michael & Charlene Ayotte, 2002. Rahoton Binciken Lantarki na SIL SILESR 2002-048. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040820223117/http://www.sil.org/africa/cameroun/bylanguage/languages/karang.html Karang] - SIL-Kamaru * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050104091633/http://www.sil.org/africa/cameroun/bydomain/linguistics/bibliography/biblio2001.html Littafin SIL-Kamaru] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050107014910/http://www.bondy.ird.fr/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_4/sci_hum/19379.pdf Ocamus na kwatancen kayan ƙa'idodi aratoires dans le Nord-Cameroun], Tourneaux * Idiatov, Dmitry. 2017-08-29. [http://idiatov.mardi.myds.me/talks/2017_CALL_AdaGram_Survey_Results.pdf Sakamakon binciken AdaGram na farko a jihohin Adamawa da Taraba, Nigeria] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601055735/http://idiatov.mardi.myds.me/talks/2017_CALL_AdaGram_Survey_Results.pdf |date=2023-06-01 }} . (tare da Mark Van de Velde, Tope Olagunju da Bitrus Andrew). 47th Colloquium akan Harsunan Afirka da Harsunan Afirka (KIRA) (Leiden, Netherlands). == Manazarta == [[Category:Harsunan Adamawa]] [[Category:Jihar Adamawa]] [[Category:Kabilu a Arewacin Afirka]] [[Category:Kabila]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 6d5oohnf9f90hoaqll8vfik22jzy2p7 4 21908 975049 974516 2026-11-01T21:25:05Z AmmarBot 13973 Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci 975049 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. Kada ku gyara wannan shafin, duk chanjin da akayi, robot zaya yi overwriting din shi a lokacin sabunta shafin. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Numba !Edita !Gudummuwa !Lokacin rajista |- |1 |[[User:Ommu Affan|Ommu Affan]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ommu Affan|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 30 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |2 |[[User:Teo.raff|Teo.raff]] |[[Special:Contributions/Teo.raff|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 30 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |3 |[[User:Footieedit10|Footieedit10]] |[[Special:Contributions/Footieedit10|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 30 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |4 |[[User:Wappo13|Wappo13]] |[[Special:Contributions/Wappo13|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 31 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |5 |[[User:Taitrung2000|Taitrung2000]] |[[Special:Contributions/Taitrung2000|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 31 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |6 |[[User:LogoSubcheck|LogoSubcheck]] |[[Special:Contributions/LogoSubcheck|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 31 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |7 |[[User:Mirandola~dewiki|Mirandola~dewiki]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mirandola~dewiki|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 31 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |8 |[[User:MER VIJAY ASHOKBHAI|MER VIJAY ASHOKBHAI]] |[[Special:Contributions/MER VIJAY ASHOKBHAI|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 31 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |9 |[[User:Ric Gillespie|Ric Gillespie]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ric Gillespie|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 31 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |10 |[[User:Potenza 1806|Potenza 1806]] |[[Special:Contributions/Potenza 1806|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 31 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |11 |[[User:Abu mahadi|Abu mahadi]] |[[Special:Contributions/Abu mahadi|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 31 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |12 |[[User:Bskwedl|Bskwedl]] |[[Special:Contributions/Bskwedl|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 31 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |13 |[[User:Bilshann|Bilshann]] |[[Special:Contributions/Bilshann|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 31 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |14 |[[User:Muenaxe|Muenaxe]] |[[Special:Contributions/Muenaxe|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 31 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |15 |[[User:Madpaak|Madpaak]] |[[Special:Contributions/Madpaak|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 31 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |16 |[[User:Арсі-Арслан|Арсі-Арслан]] |[[Special:Contributions/Арсі-Арслан|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 31 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |17 |[[User:Jw Danielle|Jw Danielle]] |[[Special:Contributions/Jw Danielle|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 31 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |18 |[[User:VeganAfrica|VeganAfrica]] |[[Special:Contributions/VeganAfrica|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 31 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |19 |[[User:ياسين الصغير 11|ياسين الصغير 11]] |[[Special:Contributions/ياسين الصغير 11|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 31 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |20 |[[User:Xenoore4|Xenoore4]] |[[Special:Contributions/Xenoore4|Gudummuwa]] |Asabar, 31 ga Oktoba 2026 |- |21 |[[User:Xima12|Xima12]] |[[Special:Contributions/Xima12|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 1 ga Nuwamba 2026 |- |22 |[[User:Yahaya Aliyu Mayaki|Yahaya Aliyu Mayaki]] |[[Special:Contributions/Yahaya Aliyu Mayaki|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 1 ga Nuwamba 2026 |- |23 |[[User:میهوئیل|میهوئیل]] |[[Special:Contributions/میهوئیل|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 1 ga Nuwamba 2026 |- |24 |[[User:Mohamed Al-Saleha|Mohamed Al-Saleha]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mohamed Al-Saleha|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 1 ga Nuwamba 2026 |- |25 |[[User:Alugwo|Alugwo]] |[[Special:Contributions/Alugwo|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 1 ga Nuwamba 2026 |- |26 |[[User:Anassyn|Anassyn]] |[[Special:Contributions/Anassyn|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 1 ga Nuwamba 2026 |- |27 |[[User:Turitsa|Turitsa]] |[[Special:Contributions/Turitsa|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 1 ga Nuwamba 2026 |- |28 |[[User:Hussaini kuka|Hussaini kuka]] |[[Special:Contributions/Hussaini kuka|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 1 ga Nuwamba 2026 |- |} koz38oadou3ta3d6svtcdqde0m6gg8e 0 24101 975127 673137 2026-11-02T06:10:48Z Zahrah0 14848 975127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Chaka Kahn during inaugural activities on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. on January 20, 1997.jpg|thumb| Chaka Khan a 1996]] [[Fayil:Bishop Walter Hawkins, Lynette Hawkins-Stephens, Richard, Tramaine Hawkins and Chaka Khan.jpg|thumb|hoton chaka kan lokacin wani taro]] '''Ain't Nobody''' waka ce ta kungiyar funk da take Amurka Rufus da babban mawaƙin Amurka Chaka Khan . An sake waƙar ce a ranar 4 ga watan Nuwamba, a shekarar ta alif ɗari tara da tamanin da uku (1983), a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin studio guda huɗu waɗanda aka haɗa a cikin kundin [[Albom|rayuwarsu]] ''Stompin 'a Savoy'' a shekarar ta alif ɗari tara da tamanin da uku (1983). "Ba kowa bane" cikin sauri ya tattara shahara, kuma ya kai lamba ta ɗaya akan <nowiki><i id="mwGA">ginshiƙin Billboard</i></nowiki> R<nowiki>&</nowiki>amp;B na Amurka da lamba guda ashirin da biyu 22 akan ''Billboard'' Hot 100 na Amurka . Ya zama ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin sa hannun Khan. Rufus keyboardist David "Hawk" Wolinski tayi rubuta waƙa a kusa da wani maimaita synthesizer madauki goyon baya da wani Linn LM-1 drum kwamfuta; duk da haka, John "JR" Robinson, mawaƙin makaɗa, ya buga ganguna na gaske don zaman rikodi. Ƙungiyar ta yi ƙuri'ar demokraɗiyya kuma sun yanke shawarar haɗa waƙar a cikin kundin kundin su. Da zarar an yi rikodin waƙar, masu zartarwar Warner sun so fitar da wata waƙa a matsayin farkon waƙar.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2016}} Wolinski ya yi barazanar ba wa mawaƙin Amurka [[Michael Jackson]] da mai shirya fina- finan Amurka Quincy Jones don faifan Jackson ''Thriller'' idan waƙar ba ta zama jagora ɗaya ba. Alamar ta yi nadama kuma "Ba kowa ba ne" kuma an buga lamba ta ɗaya a kan taswirar R&B don satin da zai ƙare a ranar 15 ga watan Oktobar shekara ta alif dubu daya da Dari Tara da tamanin da uku(1983). <ref>The Billboard Book of #1 R&B Hits by Adam White and Fred Bronson</ref> Hakanan an haɗa waƙar a kan faifan sauti zuwa fim ɗin ''Breakin ''' na shekarar alif ta 1984. [[File:I Ain't Got Nobody cover.jpg|thumb|Ain't Nobody]] Magoya bayan wasu kungiyoyin kwallon kafa na kasar sun karbe wakar a [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] '', tare da kalmomin: Babu wanda yake kauna (dan wasa), yana faranta min rai, yana sanya ni jin haka.'' . == Abun da ke ciki == Ana yin waƙar a cikin maɓallin E ♭ tare da saurin bugawa guda dari dahudu 104 a minti daya a cikin lokacin gama gari . Muryar Khan ta fara daga G ♭ ₃ zuwa E ♭ ₅ a cikin waƙar. == Charts da takaddun shaida == {{Col-begin}} {{Col-2}} ===Weekly charts=== '''Original version''' {|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! Chart (1983–1984) ! Peak<br />position |- {{single chart|Dutch100|36|artist=Rufus & Chaka Khan|song=Ain't Nobody|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Dutch40|29|artist=Rufus|song=Ain't Nobody|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|UK|8|date=19840415|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardhot100|22|artist=Rufus & Chaka Khan|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardrandbhiphop|1|artist=Rufus & Chaka Khan|rowheader=true}} |} '''Remix''' {|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! Chart (1989) ! Peak<br />position |- !scope="row"|Europe ([[Eurochart Hot 100]])<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Music-and-Media/80s/1989/M&M-1989-07-29.pdf|title=Eurochart Hot 100|date=July 29, 1989|access-date=September 25, 2020|magazine=[[Music & Media]]}}</ref> |align="center"|22 |- {{single chart|UK|6|artist=Rufus & Chaka Khan|song=Ain't Nobody (remix)|date=19890715|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|West Germany|9|artist=Rufus & Chaka Khan|song=Ain't Nobody (remix)|songid=158297|year=1989|rowheader=true}} |} {{Col-2}} ===Year-end charts=== {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" !Chart (1983) !Position |- !scope="row"|US Top Black Singles (''Billboard'')<ref>"Top Black Singles" ''Billboard'' December 24, 1983: TA-22</ref> |align="center"|48 |} ===Certifications=== {{Col-end}} == Sauran sigogi == === Jaki Graham version === {{Infobox song|name=Ain't Nobody|genre=*[[Electronic dance music|Dance]] *[[House music|house]]|next_year=1995|next_title=[[Absolute E-Sensual]]|prev_year=1985|prev_title=[[Round and Around (Jaki Graham song)|Round and Around]]|producer=Rod Gammons|writer=[[Hawk Wolinski]]|label=*Pulse-8 Records *Critique *Cutting Edge *Festival Records *Scandinavian Records *Avex-Critique|length={{Duration|m=3|s=26}}|venue=|cover=Jaki_Graham_-_Ain't_Nobody.jpg|studio=[[Metropolis Group|Metropolis]], London|recorded=|released=July 1994|album=[[Real Life (Jaki Graham album)|Real Life]]|artist=[[Jaki Graham]]|type=single|caption=Widely used variant of the standard artwork|alt=|misc={{External music video|{{YouTube|-o5SeTGY1E0|"Ain't Nobody"}}}}}} [[File:Jaki_Graham_2014_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Jaki Graham a 2014]] A cikin shekara ta alif dari tara da casa'in da hudu (1994,) mawaƙiyar Burtaniya Jaki Graham ta fito da murfiyar ta " A wannan lokaci ba '''kowa bane ya san ta''' ". An sake waƙar a zama na farko kuma jagora ce, ɗaya daga kundi na huɗu da na ƙarshe, ''Real Life'' . Siffar Graham ta kai lamba ɗaya a kan Chart ɗin Rawar ''Billboard na'' Amurka na makwanni biyar gami da kasancewa cikin manyan bidiyon da aka fi so na BET (Charts Black Entertainment Charts). Mawakiyar ta kuma kai lamba guda arbain da hududu 44 a Burtaniya, lamba guda sha daya 11 a Iceland da lamba guda sha bakwai 17 a Ostiraliya. ==== Tarba mai mahimmanci ==== Larry Flick daga ''Billboard ya'' kira waƙar sa "ta fasa", kuma ya bayyana cewa Graham "ta dawo tare da babban karatun Rufus pop / soulnugget . Track shine sabo a cikin farmakin nau'ikan nau'ikan waƙoƙin waƙoƙin ta divas daban -daban. Wannan, duk da haka, shine ainihin ma'amala, godiya ga babban fara'a na Graham da tarin abubuwan cakuda waɗanda suka fito daga peppy NRG zuwa gidan tsoka. Kulob ɗin wuta mai ƙarfi ya buge, kada ku yi mamaki idan rediyo crossover ya yi kira. ” Jaridar Ingilishi ''Karatun Yammacin Post'' yayi sharhi, "Wannan shine ɗayan murfin da baya inganta ainihin. Amma waƙar Chaka Khan sanannen ruhi ne kuma Jaki Graham ta bayyana kyakkyawar harba, koda muryarta ba ta da ƙarfi sosai don ɗanɗano mai daɗi. Mai wuya kada a yi waka tare. ” <ref>''[[Reading Evening Post]]''. June 17, 1994. p. 52. Retrieved November 28, 2020.</ref> ==== Bidiyon kiɗa ==== Bidiyon kiɗan na "Ba kowa ba ne" darektan fina -finan Amurka kuma furodusa Antoine Fuqua ne ya jagoranci . ==== Jerin jerin waƙoƙi ==== {{Track listing}}{{Track listing}} ==== Charts ==== {{Infobox song|name=Ain't Nobody|genre=[[Pop music|Pop]]|next_year=1997|next_title=[[I Say a Little Prayer#Diana King version|I Say a Little Prayer]]|prev_year=1994|prev_title=[[Shy Guy]]|producer=Handel Tucker|writer=[[Hawk Wolinski]]|label=*Work *Columbia *Sony|length=3:44|venue=|cover=Diana_King-Ain't_Nobody.jpg|studio=|recorded=Kingston, Jamaica|released=1995|B-side=Remix|album=[[Tougher Than Love]]|artist=[[Diana King]]|type=single|caption=|alt=|misc={{External music video|{{YouTube|sJSVh8fSwe8|"Ain't Nobody"}}}}}} A cikin shekarar alif ɗari tara da casa'in da biyar 1995, mawaƙin Jamaica Diana King ya yi rikodin murfin guda ɗaya na " '''Ain't Nobody''' ", wanda aka saki a matsayin na uku daga cikin kundi na farko, ''Tougher Than Love'' . Ya kai lamba guda chasain da biyar 95 a kan ''Billboard'' Hot 100, lamba guda hudu 4 a kan ''ginshiƙi'' Playboard na Billboard Hot Dance Club da lamba guda sha uku 13 akan Chart Singles UK . ==== Tarba mai mahimmanci ==== Larry Flick daga ''Billboard ya'' bayyana waƙar a matsayin " fassarar hip hop na sexy" da "wanda ba za a iya jurewa ba", yana yabawa "tabbataccen aikin" na King. ''Music &amp;amp; Media'' yayi sharhi cewa bin " Shy Guy " yana ganin mawaƙin Jamaica "ya rasa wasu ƙananan raƙuman raye-raye na raye-raye don fifita sautin R&amp;amp;B ", ya kara da cewa mawaƙin "tsarkakakke ne, mai ɗaga ruhun zamani." ''Makon Kiɗa'' ya ƙididdige shi uku daga cikin biyar, yana rubutu, "Babban madaidaicin murfin Chaka Khan na gargajiya, tare da samar da ƙarfi. Tana iya canza wasu ƙarin magoya baya. ” Ralph Tee daga ''RM'' Dance Update na mujallar ya ce, "'Shy Guy' ya zama fashewar ƙasa da ƙasa kuma wannan bin yana da irin wannan damar crossover." ==== Jerin jerin waƙoƙi ==== {{Track listing}}{{Track listing}} ==== Charts ==== {{Col-begin|width=74%}} {{Col-2}} =====Weekly charts===== {|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" !Chart (1995) !Peak<br />position |- {{single chart|Flanders|48|artist=Diana King|song=Ain't Nobody|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Wallonia|25|artist=Diana King|song=Ain't Nobody|rowheader=true}} |- !scope="row"|Europe ([[Eurochart Hot 100]])<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Music-and-Media/90s/1995/MM-1995-11-11.pdf|title=Eurochart Hot 100 Singles|magazine=[[Music & Media]]|date=November 11, 1995|access-date=April 9, 2018}}</ref> |align="center"|35 |- {{single chart|France|41|artist=Diana King|song=Ain't Nobody|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Germany|62|artist=Diana King|song=Ain't Nobody|songid=3148|rowheader=true}} |- !scope="row"|Iceland ([[Íslenski listinn|Íslenski Listinn Topp 40]])<ref>{{cite magazine |title= Íslenski Listinn NR. 147 Vikan 9.12. '95 - 15.12. '95 |magazine= Dagblaðið Vísir |page= 58 |date= December 9, 1995 |access-date= April 10, 2018 |url= http://timarit.is/files/12276740.pdf#navpanes=1&view=FitH }}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |align="center"|28 |- {{single chart|Dutch40|36|artist=Diana King|song=Ain't Nobody|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Dutch100|27|artist=Diana King|song=Ain't Nobody|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|New Zealand|28|artist=Diana King|song=Ain't Nobody|rowheader=true}} |- !scope="row"|Scotland ([[Official Charts Company]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.officialcharts.com/charts/scottish-singles-chart/19951029/41/|title=Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100 29 October 1995 - 04 November 1995|publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]|access-date=April 30, 2018}}</ref> |align="center"|30 |- !scope="row"|Spain ([[Productores de Música de España|AFYVE]])<ref>{{cite book |last=Salaverri|first=Fernando|title=Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002|edition=1st |date=September 2005|publisher=Fundación Autor-SGAE|location=Spain|isbn=84-8048-639-2}}</ref> |align="center"|20 |- {{single chart|Sweden|30|artist=Diana King|song=Ain't Nobody|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Switzerland|31|artist=Diana King|song=Ain't Nobody|rowheader=true}} |- !scope="row"|[[UK Singles Chart|UK Singles]] ([[Official Charts Company|OCC]]) |align="center"|13 |- !scope="row"|[[UK R&B Chart|UK R&B]] ([[Official Charts Company]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/charts/r-and-b-singles-chart/19951022/114/|title=Official R&B Singles Chart Top 40|publisher=officialcharts.com|access-date=May 24, 2018}}</ref> |align="center"|3 |- !scope="row"|US [[Hot Dance Club Play]] (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'') |align="center"|4 |} {{Col-2}} =====Year-end charts===== {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" !Chart (1995) !Position |- !scope="row"|Netherlands ([[Dutch Top 40]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.top40web.nl/jaarlijsten/jr1995.html|title=Jaarlijsten 1995|language=nl|publisher=Stichting Nederlandse Top 40|access-date=December 2, 2019}}</ref> |align="center"|309 |} {{Col-end}}Rapper LL Cool J ya yi rikodin waƙar don waƙar sauti zuwa fim ɗin shekarar alif ta 1996 ''Beavis da Butt-Head Do America'' . An sake shi azaman sautin waƙa na biyu, waƙar ta hau kan lamba guda arbain da hudu 46 akan ''Billboard'' Hot guda dari 100, lamba huɗu akan Hot Rap Singles Chart da lamba guda ashirin da bakwai 27 akan ''taswirar'' Waƙoƙin Billboard Hot R &amp;amp; B/Hip-Hop . A wajen Amurka, waƙar ta shahara a cikin Burtaniya, inda waƙar kuma ta kasance abin faɗa ga Gwen Dickey da KWS (sun kai lamba guda ahirin da bakwai 21) da The Course (lamba ta takwas).{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2013}} Bidiyon kiɗan wannan sigar, wanda Michael Martin ya jagoranta, wanda Jonathan Heuer ya shirya, da kuma fim ɗin Martin Coppen, an ɗan yi fim ɗinsa a Dutsen Hood na Oregon. Hakanan yana nuna ƙungiya mai cike da baƙi da suka haɗa da Maia Campbell, Brian McKnight, Alfonso Ribeiro, Cedric the Entertainer, John Salley, da John Witherspoon . ==== Charts ==== A shekarar 2003, English-Iris peo Liberty X sun sakinwata waka Mai suna "'''Being Nobody'''", wanda richard ya dauki nauyin kawo ta a matsayin soman tafi ga Richard X's studio album ''Richard X Presents His X-Factor Vol. 1'' (. Sannan kuma a maysayi jagaba da biyu a masana antar .Liberty X's second studio album ''Being Somebody'' (2003. Wakar tana DA wani nauin salo daban "Ain't nobody"Sannan tasamu karbuwa Being Boiled". Tasamu karin abubuwa da dama kamar su Karin Jan layii"Ain't Nobody" dakuma layin gwaji na Let's do it." "Being Boiled". Liberty X first performed "Being Nobody" on ''Ant &amp;amp; Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway'' on February 8, 2003. Sanan sunyi wasanta so biyu a ''Pops'', with other performances on ''The National Lottery Wright Ticket'' and ''CD:UK''. ==== Critical reception ==== Wakar tasamu binciken lalama daga masu kushenta.Abune kmar mar dadi hakan wanda baza a iya mantawa ba.ma a ana Linda McGee, whilst Louis Pattison of ''NME'' ya yarda cewa abu Ne Na gaskiya, kuma we ne wanda zakaji dadin sauraransa Alexis Kirke mainwake ya fada shima: "Are a tsakanin credible dance-bootleg production na Richard X tareda wannan bababan Mai kamfanin profile pop-act Liberty X ba wai iya dai ba , said dai Karin girma" mai nuna cewa kwrarun ma aika sun hadu domin karawa juna cigaba wurin rubuta da mx Martin P ya bayar da wakarsa ga tautarin mawaka guda biyar bu ne wanda ya kawA jin dadi na gaske ,kuma data daga cikin mafi dadin ga est Liberty X singles!" ==== Jerin waƙa ==== # "Being Nobody" (Main Mix) – 3:37 # "Being Nobody" (Richard X Remix) – 4:25 # "Being Nobody" (X-Strumental) – 3:38 ==== Charts ==== {{Col-begin}} {{Col-2}} =====Weekly charts===== {|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" !scope="col"|Chart (2003) !scope="col"|Peak<br />position |- {{single chart|Australia|36|artist=Richard X vs. Liberty X|song=Being Nobody|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Flanders|26|artist=Richard X vs. Liberty X|song=Being Nobody|rowheader=true}} |- !scope="row"|Europe ([[European Hot 100 Singles|Eurochart Hot 100]])<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Music-and-Media/00s/2003/MM-2003-04-05.pdf|title=Eurochart Hot 100 Singles|magazine=[[Music & Media]]|volume=21|issue=15|page=13|date=April 5, 2003|access-date=May 13, 2020}}</ref> |align="center"|15 |- {{single chart|France|88|artist=Richard X vs. Liberty X|song=Being Nobody|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Germany|79|songid=83647|artist=Richard X vs. Liberty X|song=Being Nobody|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Ireland2|9|song=Being Nobody|rowheader=true|access-date=January 15, 2020|refname=XXIE}} |- !scope="row"|Ireland Dance ([[Irish Recorded Music Association|IRMA]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chart-track.co.uk/index.jsp?c=p%2Fmusicvideo%2Fmusic%2Farchive%2Findex_test.jsp&ct=240004&arch=t&lyr=2003&year=2003&week=12|title=Top 10 Dance Singles, Week Ending 20 March 2003|publisher=[[GfK Chart-Track]]|access-date=June 11, 2019}}{{dead link|date=May 2020|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> |align="center"|1 |- {{single chart|Dutch40|37|year=2003|week=17|rowheader=true|access-date=September 20, 2018}} |- {{single chart|Dutch100|50|artist=Richard X vs. Liberty X|song=Being Nobody|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|New Zealand|49|artist=Richard X vs. Liberty X|song=Being Nobody|rowheader=true}} |- !scope="row"|Romania ([[Romanian Top 100]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rt100.ro/editie-top-100_x10079.html|title=Arhiva romanian top 100 – Editia 28, saptamina 21.07–27.07, 2003|publisher=[[Romanian Top 100]]|language=ro|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050218234446/http://www.rt100.ro/editie-top-100_x10079.html|archive-date=February 18, 2005|access-date=May 13, 2020}}</ref> |align="center"|30 |- {{single chart|Scotland|2|date=20030329|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|UK|3|date=20030329|rowheader=true|refname=XXUK}} |- {{single chart|UKdance|4|date=20030329|rowheader=true|access-date=September 20, 2018}} |} {{Col-2}} =====Year-end charts===== {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" !scope="col"|Chart (2003) !scope="col"|Position |- !scope="row"|UK Singles (OCC)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/ChartsPlusYE2003.pdf|title=The Official UK Singles Chart 2003|work=[[UKChartsPlus]]|access-date=September 20, 2018}}</ref> |align="center"|52 |} {{Col-end}} === Scooter version === {{Infobox song|name=It's a Biz (Ain't Nobody)|length=3:21|next_year=2012|next_title=[[4 AM (Scooter song)|4 AM]]|prev_year=2011|prev_title=[[C'est Bleu]]|producer=[[Scooter (band)|Scooter]]|writer=[[Hawk Wolinski|David "Hawk" Wolinski]]|label=[[Sheffield Tunes]]|genre={{hlist|[[Trance music|Trance]]|[[Electronic dance music|EDM]]}}|cover=|venue=|studio=|recorded=2011–2012|released=March 23, 2012|album=[[The Big Mash Up]]|artist=[[Scooter (band)|Scooter]]|type=single|alt=|misc={{External music video|{{YouTube|tSZ8uLAhS4I|"It's a Biz (Ain't Nobody)"}}}}}} '''"Yana da wani Biz (Shin ba Babu wanda)"''' ne guda ta [[Jamus]] wuya dance band babur . An sake shi a ranar 23 ga Maris, 2012, a matsayin na biyar guda ɗaya daga kundin ɗakin studio ɗin su na goma sha biyar ''The Big Mash Up'' . ==== Jerin jerin waƙoƙi ==== '''CD guda (waƙa 2)''' {{Track listing}}'''Saukewa''' {{Track listing}}{{Track listing}} ==== Charts ==== === Siffar Felix Jaehn === {{Infobox song|name=Ain't Nobody (Loves Me Better)|genre=|next_year=2015|next_title=Eagle Eyes|prev_year=2015|prev_title=Dance with Me|chronology=[[Felix Jaehn]]|producer=Felix Jaehn|writer=[[Hawk Wolinski]]|label={{hlist|[[Polydor Records|Polydor]]|[[Island Records|Island]]}}|length=4:01|venue=|cover=Aint-Nobody-(Loves-Me-Better)-Felix-Jaehn.jpg|studio=|recorded=|released=April 3, 2015|B-side="I Do"|album=[[I (Felix Jaehn album)|I]]|artist=[[Felix Jaehn]] featuring [[Jasmine Thompson]]|type=single|caption=|alt=|misc={{Extra chronology | artist = [[Jasmine Thompson]] | type = singles | prev_title = [[Sun Goes Down (Robin Schulz song)|Sun Goes Down]] | prev_year = 2014 | title = Ain't Nobody (Loves Me Better) | year = 2015 | next_title = [[Unfinished Sympathy#Cover versions|Unfinished Sympathy]] | next_year = 2015 }} {{External music video|{{YouTube|5j1RCys4R0g|"Ain't Nobody (Loves Me Better)"|link=no}}}}}} A cikin shekara ta 2015, mai shirya kiɗan Jamusawa da DJ Felix Jaehn sun fitar da remix mai taken " '''Ba kowa (Yana Ƙaunar Ni Mafi Kyawu)''' " wanda ke nuna waƙoƙin mawaƙan Burtaniya Jasmine Thompson . Shine jagora guda ɗaya don babban sunan sa na farko na shekara ta 2016 EP ''Felix Jaehn'' . Remix ya dogara ne akan sakin solo na waƙar ta Thompson a cikin shekara ta 2013, lokacin da Thompson ya kasance 13, wanda ya hau kan lamba guda 32 akan Chart Singles UK . Koyaya, Felix Jaehn remix ya zama babban nasarar taswirar ƙasa da ƙasa, yana kan lamba ɗaya ko biyu a cikin ƙasashen Turai da yawa (gami da lamba ta biyu a Burtaniya) da kuma manyan guda 10 a sauran ƙasashen Turai da Ostiraliya. ==== Jerin waƙa ==== # "Babu Wani (Yana Ƙaunata Ƙauna)" {{Small|(Felix Jaehn featuring Jasmine Thompson)}} - 3:01 # "Na Yi" {{Small|(Felix Jaehn featuring Poppy Haddigan)}} - 3:02 {{Col-begin}} {{Col-2}} '''Weekly charts''' {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |- ! scope="col"| Chart (2015) ! scope="col"| Peak<br />position |- ! scope="row"| Australia ([[ARIA Charts|ARIA]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ariacharts.com.au/chart/singles |title=ARIA Australian Top 50 Singles |publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association |date=October 5, 2015 |access-date=March 29, 2020 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004081135/http://www.ariacharts.com.au/chart/singles |archive-date=October 4, 2015 }}</ref> | 6 |- {{single chart|Austria|1|artist=Felix Jaehn feat. Jasmine Thompson|song=Ain't Nobody (Loves Me Better)|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Flanders|6|artist=Felix Jaehn feat. Jasmine Thompson|song=Ain't Nobody (Loves Me Better)|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Wallonia|7|artist=Felix Jaehn feat. Jasmine Thompson|song=Ain't Nobody (Loves Me Better)|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Canada|95|artist=Felix Jaehn|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Czech Republic|1|year=2015|week=32|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Czechdigital|4|year=2015|week=31|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Denmark|2|artist=Felix Jaehn feat. Jasmine Thompson|song=Ain't Nobody (Loves Me Better)|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardeurodigital|2|artist=Felix Jaehn|song=Ain't Nobody (Loves Me Better)|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Finland|10|artist=Felix Jaehn feat. Jasmine Thompson|song=Ain't Nobody (Loves Me Better)|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|France|2|artist=Felix Jaehn feat. Jasmine Thompson|song=Ain't Nobody (Loves Me Better)|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Germany|1|artist=Felix Jaehn feat. Jasmine Thompson|song=Ain't Nobody (Loves Me Better)|songid=1309667|access-date=February 18, 2019|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Hungarydance|3|year=2016|week=8|artist=Felix Jaehn feat. Jasmine Thompson|song=Ain't Nobody (Loves Me Better)|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Hungary|1|year=2015|week=27|artist=Felix Jaehn feat. Jasmine Thompson|song=Ain't Nobody (Loves Me Better)|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Hungarytop10|1|year=2015|week=30|artist=Felix Jaehn feat. Jasmine Thompson|song=Ain't Nobody (Loves Me Better)|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Ireland2|5|song=Ain't Nobody (Loves Me Better)|rowheader=true|access-date=January 15, 2020}} |- {{single chart|Israelairplay|1|year=2015|week=29|artist=Felix Jaehn feat. Jasmine Thompson|song=Ain't Nobody (Loves Me Better)|access-date=July 18, 2015|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Italy|22|artist=Felix Jaehn feat. Jasmine Thompson|song=Ain't Nobody (Loves Me Better)|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Dutch40|1|artist=Felix Jaehn feat. Jasmine Thompson|song=Ain't Nobody (Loves Me Better)|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Dutch100|2|artist=Felix Jaehn feat. Jasmine Thompson|song=Ain't Nobody (Loves Me Better)|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|New Zealand|21|artist=Felix Jaehn feat. Jasmine Thompson|song=Ain't Nobody (Loves Me Better)|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Norway|13|artist=Felix Jaehn feat. Jasmine Thompson|song=Ain't Nobody (Loves Me Better)|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Poland|1|chartid=1722|year=2015|rowheader=true|access-date=August 24, 2015}} |- ! scope="row"| Romania ([[Airplay 100]])<!--Please do not change this to Romanian Top 100 or Media Forest. The Airplay 100 is Romania's national singles chart from 2012 onwards. For further information, see WP:GOODCHARTS--><ref name="podcast">{{cite news|url=https://www.kissfm.ro/emisiuni/54/Airplay-100-Cristi-Nitzu|title=Airplay 100 – Cristi Nitzu {{!}} Kiss FM – 4 October 2015|access-date=January 27, 2018|publisher=[[Kiss FM (Romania)|Kiss FM]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127090412/https://www.kissfm.ro/emisiuni/54/Airplay-100-Cristi-Nitzu|archive-date=January 27, 2018}} ''Note: User may scroll down the 'Podcasturi' menu to play or download the respective podcast.''</ref> | 1 |- !scope="row"{{Single chart|Romaniaradioairplay|1|year=2015|week=39|song=Ain't Nobody (Loves Me Better)|artist=Felix Jaehn featuring Jasmine Thompson|access-date=July 2, 2018|publishdate=September 21, 2015}} |- {{single chart|Romaniatvairplay|1|year=2015|week=39|song=Ain't Nobody (Loves Me Better)|artist=Felix Jaehn featuring Jasmine Thompson|access-date=July 3, 2018|publishdate=September 21, 2015|rowheader=true}} |- ! scope="row"| Russia Airplay ([[Tophit]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.ru/ru/tracks/63353/view|title=Felix Jaehn feat. Jasmine Thompson - Ain't Nobody|publisher=[[Tophit]]|access-date=May 24, 2018|language=ru|archive-date=May 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524223327/https://tophit.ru/ru/tracks/63353/view|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- {{single chart|Scotland|2|date=20150903|rowheader=true|refname=ScotWeekly}} |- {{single chart|Slovakia|3|year=2015|week=32|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Slovakdigital|3|year=2015|week=29|rowheader=true}} |- ! scope="row"|Slovenia ([[SloTop50]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slotop50.si/Glasbene-lestvice/Tedenske-lestvice/?year=2015&week=37|title=SloTop50: Slovenian official singles weekly chart|publisher=[[SloTop50]]|access-date=June 5, 2015|archive-date=January 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105180525/http://www.slotop50.si/Glasbene-lestvice/Tedenske-lestvice/?year=2015&week=37|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- {{single chart|South Africa|4|date=2015-08-18|rowheader=true|access-date=September 16, 2015}} |- {{single chart|Spain|4|artist=Felix Jaehn feat. Jasmine Thompson|song=Ain't Nobody (Loves Me Better)|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Sweden|7|artist=Felix Jaehn feat. Jasmine Thompson|song=Ain't Nobody (Loves Me Better)|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Switzerland|5|artist=Felix Jaehn feat. Jasmine Thompson|song=Ain't Nobody (Loves Me Better)|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|UK|2|date=20150903|rowheader=true|refname=UKWeekly}} |- {{single chart|Billboarddanceclubplay|50|artist=Felix Jaehn|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboarddanceelectronic|11|artist=Felix Jaehn|rowheader=true}} |} {{Col-2}} '''Year-end charts''' {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |- ! scope="col"| Chart (2015) ! scope="col"| Position |- ! scope="row"| Australia (ARIA)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-top-100-singles-2015.htm|title=ARIA Charts - End of Year Charts - Top 100 Singles 2015|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|access-date=January 6, 2016}}</ref> | 86 |- ! scope="row"| Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://austriancharts.at/year.asp?cat=s&id=2015|title=Jahreshitparade Singles 2015|website=austriancharts.at|access-date=January 9, 2020}}</ref> | 9 |- ! scope="row"| Belgium (Ultratop Flanders)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ultratop.be/nl/annual.asp?year=2015&cat=s|title=Jaaroverzichten 2015|publisher=Ultratop|access-date=November 10, 2019}}</ref> | 17 |- ! scope="row"| Belgium (Ultratop Wallonia)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ultratop.be/fr/annual.asp?year=2015&cat=s|title=Rapports Annuels 2015|publisher=Ultratop|access-date=November 10, 2019}}</ref> | 23 |- ! scope="row"| [[Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS]] ([[Tophit]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.ru/en/chart/airplay/yearly/2015-01-01/all/all|title=CIS Year-End Radio Hits (2015)|publisher=[[Tophit]]|access-date=August 12, 2019|archive-date=2019-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812094718/https://tophit.ru/en/chart/airplay/yearly/2015-01-01/all/all|url-status=dead}}</ref> |style="text-align:center;"| 8 |- ! scope="row"| France (SNEP)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://snepmusique.com/les-tops/le-top-de-lannee/top-singles-annee/?categorie=Top%20Single%20de%20l%E2%80%99ann%C3%A9e&annee=2015|title=Top de l'année Top Singles 2015|publisher=SNEP|language=fr|access-date=November 18, 2020}}</ref> | 13 |- ! scope="row"| Germany (Official German Charts)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/charts/single-jahr/for-date-2015 |title=Top 100 Single-Jahrescharts|language=de |work=[[GfK Entertainment]] |publisher=offiziellecharts.de |access-date=January 6, 2016}}</ref> | 3 |- ! scope="row"| Hungary (Dance Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://slagerlistak.hu/archivum/eves-osszesitett-listak/dance/2015|title=Dance Top 100 - 2015|access-date=November 10, 2019|publisher=[[Mahasz]]}}</ref> | 22 |- ! scope="row"| Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://slagerlistak.hu/archivum/eves-osszesitett-listak/radios/2015|title=Rádiós Top 100 - hallgatottsági adatok alapján - 2015|access-date=November 10, 2019|publisher=[[Mahasz]]}}</ref> | 8 |- ! scope="row"| Hungary (Single Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://slagerlistak.hu/archivum/eves-osszesitett-listak/single_db/2015|title=Single Top 100 - eladási darabszám alapján - 2015|access-date=November 10, 2019|publisher=[[Mahasz]]}}</ref> | 15 |- ! scope="row"| Israel (Media Forest)<ref>{{cite web|title=Israel Airplay Year End 2015|url=http://www.mediaforest.biz/Charts/YearlyCharts.aspx|access-date=January 5, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102192257/http://www.mediaforest.biz/charts/yearlycharts.aspx|archive-date=January 2, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 13 |- ! scope="row"| Italy (FIMI)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fimi.it/news/classifiche-top-of-the-music-2015-fimi-gfk-la-musica-italiana-in-vetta-negli-album-e-nei-singoli-digitali|title=Classifiche 'Top of the Music' 2015 FIMI-GfK: La musica italiana in vetta negli album e nei singoli digitali|publisher=[[Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana]]|language=it|access-date=January 13, 2016|archive-date=October 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023030515/http://www.fimi.it/news/classifiche-top-of-the-music-2015-fimi-gfk-la-musica-italiana-in-vetta-negli-album-e-nei-singoli-digitali|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 49 |- ! scope="row"| Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.top40.nl/bijzondere-lijsten/top-100-jaaroverzichten/2015|title=Top 100-Jaaroverzicht van 2015|publisher=Dutch Top 40|access-date=November 10, 2019}}</ref> | 3 |- ! scope="row"| Netherlands (Single Top 100)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dutchcharts.nl/jaaroverzichten.asp?year=2015&cat=s|title=Jaaroverzichten – Single 2015|publisher=MegaCharts|language=nl|access-date=November 10, 2019}}</ref> | 4 |- ! scope="row"| Poland (ZPAV)<ref>{{cite web|title=Airplay – podsumowanie 2015 roku|url=http://bestsellery.zpav.pl/aktualnosci.php?idaktualnosci=1305|language=pl|publisher=[[Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry]]|access-date=December 30, 2015|archive-date=February 11, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211171525/http://bestsellery.zpav.pl/aktualnosci.php?idaktualnosci=1305|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 4 |- ! scope="row"| Russia Airplay (Tophit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.ru/en/chart/russia/yearly/2015-01-01/all/all|title=Russian Top Year-End Radio Hits (2015)|publisher=[[Tophit]]|access-date=August 12, 2019|archive-date=2019-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809085302/https://tophit.ru/en/chart/russia/yearly/2015-01-01/all/all|url-status=dead}}</ref> |style="text-align:center;"| 9 |- ! scope="row"| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sverigetopplistan.se/chart/43?dspy=2015&dspp=1|title=Årslista Singlar – År 2015|publisher=Sverigetopplistan|language=sv|access-date=November 10, 2019}}</ref> | 22 |- ! scope="row"| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hitparade.ch/charts/jahreshitparade/2015|title=Schweizer Jahreshitparade 2015 – hitparade.ch|publisher=Hung Medien|access-date=November 10, 2019}}</ref> | 12 |- ! scope="row"| UK Singles (OCC)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.officialcharts.com/charts/end-of-year-singles-chart/ |title=End of Year Singles Chart Top 100 – 2015 |publisher=Official Charts Company |access-date=January 10, 2016}}</ref> | 62 |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (Tophit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.ru/en/chart/ukraine/yearly/2015-01-01/all/all|title=Ukrainian Top Year-End Radio Hits (2015)|publisher=[[Tophit]]|access-date=August 12, 2019|archive-date=2019-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812093109/https://tophit.ru/en/chart/ukraine/yearly/2015-01-01/all/all|url-status=dead}}</ref> |style="text-align:center;"| 35 |- ! scope="row"| US Hot Dance/Electronic Songs (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2015/hot-dance-electronic--songs|title=Hot Dance/Electronic Songs – Year-End 2015|work=Billboard|access-date=November 10, 2019}}</ref> | 33 |} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col"| Chart (2016) ! scope="col"| Position |- ! scope="row"| France (SNEP)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://snepmusique.com/les-tops/le-top-de-lannee/top-singles-annee/?categorie=Top%20Single%20de%20l%E2%80%99ann%C3%A9e&annee=2016|title=Top de l'année Top Singles 2016|publisher=SNEP|language=fr|access-date=November 18, 2020}}</ref> | 117 |- ! scope="row"| Hungary (Dance Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://slagerlistak.hu/archivum/eves-osszesitett-listak/dance/2016|title=Dance Top 100 - 2016|access-date=November 10, 2019|publisher=[[Mahasz]]}}</ref> | 15 |} '''Decade-end charts''' {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |- ! scope="col"| Chart (2010–2019) ! scope="col"| Position |- ! scope="row"| Germany (Official German Charts)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/chartsoffiziell/status/1201514410575089664|title=Die Plätze 3️⃣1️⃣ und 3️⃣0️⃣ des Jahrzehnte-Rankings sichern sich Axwell /\ Ingrosso ("More Than You Know") + Felix Jaehn feat. Jasmine Thompson ("Ain't Nobody (Loves Me Better)") bei den Singles sowie Andrea Berg ("Seelenbeben") + Herbert Grönemeyer ("Dauernd jetzt") bei den Alben.|via=[[Twitter]]|work=[[GfK Entertainment]]|publisher=offiziellecharts.de|language=de|access-date=December 11, 2019}}</ref> | 30 |} {{Col-end}} == Duba kuma == * List of Airplay 100 number ones of the 2010s * List of number-one R&amp;amp;B singles of 1983 (U.S.) * List of UK top 10 singles in 1984 * List of UK top 10 singles in 1989 * List of number-one dance singles of 1994 (U.S.) * List of UK Singles Chart number ones of 1997 * List of UK top 10 singles in 2015 * Mashup (music) * ''Of the Night'' * ''Rhythm Is a Dancer'' * ''The Rhythm of the Night'' == Nassoshi == {{reflist|2}} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] pzkf0ku4pbm927zuhqonumphj908ffj 0 24263 975134 599932 2026-11-02T07:39:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975134 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:DiogoJota2.jpg|thumb|Diogo Jota]] '''Diogo José Teixeira da Silva''' (an haife Shi a ranar 4 ga watan Disamban shekara ta alif 1996), da aka sani da '''Jota,''' {{Refn|Jota is a nickname; "Diogo Jota" means "Diogo J." in Portuguese, the shortening of "Diogo José".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dn.pt/desporto/fc-porto/a-ascensao-de-jota-ate-virar-o-avancado-de-que-o-dragao-precisava-5421036.html|title=A ascensão de Jota até virar o avançado de que o dragão precisava|trans-title=Jota's ascension until he turned into the striker the dragon needed|website=[[Diário de Notícias]]|date=3 October 2016|first=Paulo|last=Paulos|access-date=31 October 2020|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://tribunaexpresso.pt/porto/2016-10-01-A-noite-foi-de-Jota-Jota-Jota/|title=A noite foi de Jota Jota Jota|trans-title=The night was Jota Jota Jota|website=Tribuna Expresso|date=1 October 2016|first=Lídia Paralta|last=Gomes|access-date=31 October 2020|language=pt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823110622/https://tribunaexpresso.pt/porto/2016-10-01-A-noite-foi-de-Jota-Jota-Jota/|archive-date=23 August 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref>|group=note}} ne a Portuguese sana'a [[Kwallan Kwando|kwallon]] da suka taka a matsayin gaba na Premier League kulob din [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] da kuma Portuguese tawagar kasar. Jota ya fara aikinsa tare da Paços de Ferreira, kafin ya rattaba hannu a kulob din Atlético Madrid na La Liga a shekarar 2016. Bayan yanayi biyu a Primeira Liga, an ba shi aro a jere zuwa kulob din Primeira Liga FC Porto a shekara ta 2016, da kulob din Wolverhampton Wanderers na Ingila EFL Championship a shekarar 2017. Jota ya taimaka wa Wolves samun ci gaba zuwa Premier League a karon farko tun shekarar 2012. Daga baya ya koma kulob din a watan Yulin shekara ta 2018 kan yarjejeniya ta dindindin don rahoton € 14&nbsp;miliyan kuma ya ci gaba da buga musu wasanni sama da 100. A watan Satumbar a shekarar 2020, Jota ya rattaba hannu kan [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] don kudin da aka ruwaito be 50&nbsp;miliyan (£ 41&nbsp;miliyan). Jota tsohon fan wasan kwallon kafa ne na kasar [[Portugal]], mai wakiltar kasarsa a matakin kasa da 19, kasa da 21 da 23. An saka shi cikin 'yan wasan da za su fafata a Gasar Cin Kofin Zakarun Nahiyar Turai na shekarar 2019, wanda Portugal ta ci nasara a cikin gida, kuma ya yi babban wasansa na kasa da kasa a watan Nuwamba a shekarar 2019, yana wasa a UEFA Euro na shekarar 2020 . == Aikin kulob == === Paços de Ferreira === An haife shi a Massarelos, [[Porto]], Jota ya shiga saitin matasa na FC Paços de Ferreira a shekarar 2013, daga Gondomar SC. An halaka shi zuwa babban kungiyar a farkon kakar shekarar 2014 da shekara ta 2015, kuma ya fara babban wasansa na farko a ranar 19 ga watan Oktoba na shekarar 2014 ta hanyar farawa a nasarar gida 4-0 da Atlético SC don Taça de Portugal. Jota ya fara fitowa a cikin Primeira Liga a ranar 20 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar 2015, yana zuwa a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbin Diogo Rosado a wasan da aka tashi 2-2 da Vitória de Guimarães . Ya zira kwallaye na farko a gasar a ranar 17 ga watan Mayu, ya zira kwallaye biyu a cikin nasarar gida 3-2 akan Académica de Coimbra kuma ya zama dan wasa mafi kankanta da ya ci kwallo a kulob din a matakin farko. [[File:Diogo Jota 2018 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Diogo Jota]] A ranar 30 ga watan Mayu shekarar 2015, Jota ya rattaba hannu kan sabuwar yarjejeniyar shekaru biyar tare da Paços, inda aka daure shi har zuwa shekara ta 2020. A wasan farko na kamfen, nasarar 1-0 a kan Académica a ''Estádio da Mata Real'' a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta, an kore shi a karshen saboda tura Hugo Seco ; Hakanan an kori Ricardo Nascimento saboda ramuwar gayya a madadin abokin wasan sa. === Atletico Madrid === A ranar 14 ga watan Maris shekarar 2016, Jota ya amince da kwantiragin shekaru biyar tare da Atlético Madrid daga ranar 1 ga watan Yuli. A ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, ya koma kasarsa ya koma FC Porto a matsayin aro na shekara daya. A ranar 1 ga watan Oktoba ya zira kwallaye uku a raga a wasan da suka tashi 4-0 da CD Nacional . === Wolverhampton Wanderers === A ranar 25 ga watan Yuli shekara ta 2017, Jota koma English Championship kulob din kungiyar Wolverhampton Wanderers a kan wani kakar -long aro. Ya zira kwallon sa ta farko a ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, a wasan da suka doke Hull City da ci 3-2. A ranar 30 ga watan Janairu shekarar 2018, an ba da sanarwar cewa an amince da yarjejeniyar dindindin tare da Jota don rahoton € 14&nbsp;miliyan, wanda aka fara aiki a ranar 1 ga watan Yuli. Ya zira kwallaye mafi kyau a raga a gasar 17 a cikin shekarar sa ta farko, yana matsayi na biyar a jadawalin da ya fi kowa zira kwallaye a gasar, yayin da Wolves ta samu ci gaba zuwa gasar Premier a matsayin zakara; saboda English Football League dokoki, ya sa ya doka surname a kan mai zane a gasar Championship amma ya iya canza shi zuwa "Diogo J" bayan da feat. Jota ya fara buga wasansa na farko a gasar firimiya ta Ingila a ranar 11 ga watan Agusta shekarar 2018, inda ya buga cikakken mintuna 90 a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Everton . Ya zira kwallon sa ta farko a gasar a ranar 5 ga watan Disamba, inda ya taimakawa masu masaukin baki daga baya don doke [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea da]] ci 2-1. Na biyu ya zo bayan kwana huɗu, a cikin nasara a Newcastle United da maki ɗaya. A ranar 19 ga watan Janairun shekarar 2019, Jota ya zira kwallaye uku a wasan da gida 4-3 ya ci Leicester City -kwallaye na biyu na aikin sa. Ana cikin haka, ya zama dan wasa na biyu na Fotigal wanda ya kai ga gaci a gasar Premier bayan [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] shekaru 11 da suka gabata. Wannan shi ne na farko ga kulob din a gasar kuma na farko ga kulob din a matakin farko na kwallon kafa na Ingila tun lokacin da John Richards, ya yi adawa da wannan, a rukunin farko na League League a watan Oktoba 1977 . A ranar 16 ga watan Maris shekarar 2019, Jota ya ci kwallo a wasan da suka doke [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] da ci 2-1 a gasar cin kofin FA na shekarun 2018-19, don taimakawa Wolves ta kai wasan kusa da na karshe a gasar tun shekarun 1997-98. A ranar 25 ga watan Yuli shekarar 2019, Jota ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Crusaders na Arewacin Irish a zagaye na biyu na gasar cin Kofin Zakarun Turai, Wolves ta farko a Turai tun a watan Oktoba shekarar 1980, kuma a zagaye na gaba a ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, ya zira kwallaye. sama da sama don kammala nasarar 4-0 (8-0 jimlar) nasara akan Pyunik . [[File:LFC Parade 2022 02.jpg|thumb|Diogo Jota]] A wasan karshe na rukuni-rukuni na gasar Europa League a gida da Beşiktaş a ranar 12 ga watan Disamba, shekarar 2019, Jota ya maye gurbin dan uwan Rúben Neves a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbin minti na 56 tare da wasan babu ci, ya zira kwallaye bayan dakika 72 kuma ya kammala kwallaye uku a cikin mintuna goma sha biyu yayin da Wolves ta kare. 4-0 masu nasara. A ranar 20 ga watan Fabrairu mai zuwa, ya sake zura kwallaye uku a wasan da suka ci Espanyol a wasan farko na 32 na gasar. Wasansa na 131 na karshe kuma na karshe ga Wolves ya kasance a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbin rabi na biyu a wasan kusa da na karshe na cin Kofin Zakarun Turai da Sevilla ranar 11 ga watan Agusta shekarar 2020. === Liverpool === A ranar 19 ga watan Satumba shekarar 2020, Jota ya koma [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] kan yarjejeniya ta dogon lokaci, an bayar da rahoton £ 41&nbsp;kudin canja wurin miliyan, yana tashi zuwa £ 45&nbsp;miliyan tare da yuwuwar dari. Ya fara halarta na farko a gasar cin kofin EFL bayan kwanaki biyar, ya zo a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa da Lincoln City a nasarar 7-2. A ranar 28 ga watan Satumba, ya ci kwallo a wasansa na farko na Premier a kulob din, tare da na uku a wasan da suka ci [[Arsenal FC|Arsenal]] 3-1 a Anfield . A ranar 25 ga watan Oktoba, Jota ya ci kwallon da ta ci nasara a wasan da suka ci Sheffield United 2-1 a Anfield. Kwana uku bayan haka, Jota ya zira kwallaye na 10,000 na kulob a tarihin su lokacin da ya ci kwallon farko a ragar FC Midtjylland a gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA . A ranar 3 ga watan Nuwamba, ya ci kwallaye uku a wasan da suka ci Atalanta 5-0 a gasar zakarun Turai. A yin haka, Jota ya zama dan wasa na farko tun Robbie Fowler a shekarar 1993 da ya ci kwallaye 7 a wasanni 10 na farko na Liverpool. A ranar 22 ga watan Nuwamba, Jota ya ci kwallo ta biyu a wasan da suka ci Leicester City 3-0, inda ya zama dan wasan Liverpool na farko da ya ci kwallo a kowanne daga cikin wasanni hudun farko na gida a gasar Premier. Saboda wasannin da ya yi a watan Oktoba, magoya bayan kulob din sun ba Jota kyautar gwarzon dan wasan Liverpool. A ranar 9 ga watan Disamba, Jota ya ji rauni a kafarsa yayin wasan cin Kofin Zakarun Turai na UEFA da Midtjylland, inda ya yi jinya na tsawon watanni uku. A ranar 14 ga watan Agusta shekarar 2021 Jota ya ci kwallon farko ta Liverpool a kakar Firimiya ta shekarar 2021 zuwa shekara ta 2022 a kan sabon Norwich . == Aikin duniya == Jota ya fara buga wa Portugal wasa a matakin kasa da 19, zira kwallon sa na farko a ranar 29 ga watan Mayu shekarar 2015 a cikin gida 6-1 na Turkiyya don matakin cancantar Gasar Zakarun Turai ta UEFA . Ya lashe farko hula for a karkashin-21 tawagar a ranar 17 ga watan Nuwamba na wannan shekara a ba tukuna 19, wasa 15 da minti a cikin 3-0 tafi shan kashi na Isra'ila a wani share fage na gasar . A ranar 25 ga watan Mayu shekarar 2018, ya zira kwallaye biyu ga 'yan kasa da shekaru 21 a wasan sada zumunta da suka doke Italiya da ci 3-2 wanda aka gudanar a Estoril . [[File:Manchester United v Liverpool, 24 October 2021 (23).jpg|thumb|Diogo Jota]] A watan Maris na shekarar 2019, an kira Jota zuwa babbar kungiyar a karon farko, gabanin bude wasannin neman cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta Euro 2020 da Ukraine da [[Serbiya|Serbia]] . Har yanzu ba a rufe shi ba, yana cikin tawagar da ta lashe Gasar Cin Kofin Zakarun Turai ta UEFA ta 2019 a cikin gida a watan Yuni amma bai fito ba. A ranar 14 ga watan Nuwamba na waccan shekarar ya fara buga wasa ta farko a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbin [[Cristiano Ronaldo|Cristiano Ronaldo na]] minti 84 a wasan da suka ci [[Lithuania]] 6-0 a wasan neman cancantar shiga gasar Euro na shekarar 2020. Ya zira kwallon sa ta farko ta duniya a ranar 5 ga watan Satumba shekarar 2020 a wasan da gida 4-1 ta doke Croatia a gasar UEFA Nations League . == Ƙididdigar sana'a == === Kulob === {{Updated|match played 21 August 2021}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/diogo-jose-teixeira-da-silva/374031/|title=Diogo Jota|website=Soccerway|publisher=Perform Group|access-date=11 June 2018}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National Cup{{Efn|Includes [[Taça de Portugal]], [[FA Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |League Cup{{Efn|Includes [[Taça da Liga]], [[EFL Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Paços de Ferreira |2014–15 |Primeira Liga |10 |2 |1 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |11 |3 |- |2015–16 |Primeira Liga |31 |12 |1 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |34 |12 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !41 !14 !2 !1 !2 !0 !0 !0 !45 !15 |- |Atlético Madrid |2016–17 |La Liga |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |- |Porto (loan) |2016–17 |Primeira Liga |27 |8 |1 |0 |1 |0 |8{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}} |1 |37 |9 |- |Wolverhampton Wanderers (loan) |2017–18 |Championship |44 |17 |1 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |46 |18 |- | rowspan="3" |Wolverhampton Wanderers |2018–19 |Premier League |33 |9 |3 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |37 |10 |- |2019–20 |Premier League |34 |7 |0 |0 |0 |0 |14{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa League]]}} |9 |48 |16 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !111 !33 !4 !2 !2 !0 !14 !9 !131 !44 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] |2020–21 |Premier League |19 |9 |0 |0 |2 |0 |9{{Efn}} |4 |30 |13 |- |2021–22 |Premier League |2 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |2 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !21 !11 !0 !0 !2 !0 !9 !4 !32 !15 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !200 !66 !7 !3 !7 !0 !31 !14 !245 !83 |}   === Kasashen duniya === {{Updated|match played 27 June 2021}}<ref name="NFT">{{NFT player|76150|access-date=26 June 2021}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanar da burin ƙwallon ƙasa da shekara ! Ƙungiya ta ƙasa ! Shekara ! Ayyuka ! Goals |- | rowspan="3" | Portugal | 2019 | 2 | 0 |- | 2020 | 8 | 3 |- | 2021 | 8 | 4 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar ! 18 ! 7 |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Jerin kwallaye na duniya da Diogo Jota ya ci ! A'a. ! Kwanan wata ! Wuri ! Abokin hamayya ! Ci ! Sakamakon ! Gasa |- | align="center" | 1 | 5 Satumba 2020 | Estádio do Dragão, [[Porto]], Portugal |</img> Croatia | align="center" | 2–0 | align="center" | 4–1 | rowspan="3" | 2020–21 UEFA Nations League A |- | align="center" | 2 | rowspan="2" | 14 ga Oktoba 2020 | rowspan="2" | Estádio José Alvalade, [[Lisbon]], Portugal | rowspan="2" |</img> Sweden | align="center" | 2–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" | 3–0 |- | align="center" | 3 | align="center" | 3–0 |- | align="center" | 4 | rowspan="2" | 27 Maris 2021 | rowspan="2" | Filin wasa na Red Star, Belgrade, Serbia | rowspan="2" |</img> Sabiya | align="center" | 1–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" | 2–2 | rowspan="3" | 2022 FIFA cancantar gasar cin kofin duniya |- | align="center" | 5 | align="center" | 2–0 |- | align="center" | 6 | 30 Maris 2021 | Stade Josy Barthel, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg |</img> Luxembourg | align="center" | 1–1 | align="center" | 3–1 |- | align="center" | 7 | 19 ga Yuni 2021 | Allianz Arena, [[München|Munich]], Jamus |</img> Jamus | align="center" | 2-4 | align="center" | 2-4 | UEFA Euro 2020 |} == Daraja == '''Wolverhampton Wanderers''' * Gasar EFL : 2017–18 '''Portugal''' * UEFA Nations League : 2018–19 '''Na daya''' * Dan wasan Liverpool na watan FC: Oktoba 2020, Nuwamba 2020 * Gwarzon Dan Wasan PFA na Watan: Nuwamba 2020 * Gasar UEFA Champions League XI: 2020 == Bayanan kula ==   == Manazarta == '''Fitowar kasa da kasa''' *   '''Janar'''   == Hanyoyin waje == * Diogo Jota </img> * [http://www.ligaportugal.pt/oou/clube/20142015/primeiraliga/153/jogador/70131 Bayanin Fotigal League] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315085035/http://www.ligaportugal.pt/oou/clube/20142015/primeiraliga/153/jogador/70131 |date=2016-03-15 }} * Diogo Jota </img> [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] <references /> <references group="note" /> rj9vldswyel74qe7uyfcuwv8odt47zl 3 28200 975135 961939 2026-11-02T07:58:33Z MediaWiki message delivery 3927 /* Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - October 2026 Newsletter */ sabon sashe 975135 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Hussaini Mohammed Inusa! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Hussaini Mohammed Inusa|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 00:01, 24 Disamba 2021 (UTC) == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2022 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twentysecond newsletter, covering December 2022. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 13, 15 and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> '''Meetings''' * January 15: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|Online user group meeting]] (SDG all) '''Activities''' * [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Plants|Wiki Loves Plants]] (SDG 15) * [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13) * [[m:Women_in_Climate_Change_2022|Women in Climate Change 2022]] (SDG 5 & 13) '''News''' * [https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2022/11/28/museology-myosotis-and-metadata-oh-my-sharing-sustainably-in-wikipedia/ Museology, Myosotis, and metadata oh my! Sharing sustainably in Wikipedia] (SDG 15) '''Resources''' * New Book: [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-05182-1 Open Mapping Towards Sustainable Development Goals] (SDG all) '''Videos''' * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t66i3ztg-1E&t=1717s Margaret Donald - Wikidata, OpenRefine & Biota] (SDG 15) '''Featured content''' * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_alismatid_families|List of alismatid families]] (SDG 15) '''New Wikidata properties''' * [[d:Property:P11231|has biological vector]] (SDG 15) * [[d:Property:P11272|Bureau of Meteorology location ID]] (SDG 13) * [[d:Property:P11277|CIViC gene ID]] (SDG 3) * [[d:Property:P11281|Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate ID]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11282|Tanzania Parliament member ID]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11311|Lygaeoidea Species File ID]] (SDG 15) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 14:37, 1 ga Janairu, 2023 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=24307628 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2023 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twentythird newsletter, covering January 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 10, 11, 13, 14 and 16<!-- insert related SDGs here -->.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> '''Meetings''' * Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|19 February - User group meeting]] (SDG all) * Past: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Meeting_minutes_20230115|15 January - User group meeting]] (SDG all) '''Activities''' * Ongoing: [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Plants|Wiki Loves Plants]] (SDG 14) * Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13) * Upcoming: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/Dunedin_5|The 2023 Bug of the Year Edit-a-thon]] (SDG 14) * Past: [https://dicare.toolforge.org/lexemes/challenge.php?id=74 Lexeme challenge Urology] (SDG 3) * Past: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Veckans_tävling/Grodor_versus_ödlor|Swedish Wikipedia weekly challenge - Frogs versus lizards]] (SDG 14) * Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December_2022/Contents/New_Zealand_report#Three_hundred_episodes_of_Critter_of_the_Week|Three hundred episodes of Critter of the Week]] (SDG 14) * Past: [https://zenodo.org/record/7521891#.Y9p6MdLMKw4 Wikidata Queries around the SARS-CoV-2 virus and pandemic] (SDG 3) * Past: [[m:Women_in_Climate_Change_2022|Women in Climate Change 2022]] (SDG 5 & 13) '''News''' * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/05/the-stories-behind-the-wiki-loves-earth-2022-photos-from-turkiye/ The stories behind the Wiki Loves Earth 2022 photos from Türkiye] (SDG 14) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/01/05/announcing-our-funding-support-from-the-patient-centered-outcomes-research-institute-pcori/ Announcing our funding support from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI)] (SDG 3) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/01/04/jumping-for-science-how-wikipedia-assignments-inspire-stem-students/ Jumping for science: how Wikipedia assignments inspire STEM students] (SDG 14) * [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Birds_of_NYC_Photo_Contest/Winners|Birds of NYC Photo Contest Winners announced!]] (SDG 14) * [https://anchor.fm/civichackerpodcast/episodes/Using-Wikidata-to-Connect-Constituents-With-Their-Government-e1or922 Using Wikidata to Connect Constituents With Their Government] (SDG 16) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/23/wiki-loves-earth-2022-presents-the-winners-of-the-special-nomination-human-rights-and-environment/ Wiki Loves Earth 2022 presents the winners of the special nomination “Human rights and environment”!] (SDG 10 & 14) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/19/equity-diversity-inclusion-in-affiliate-governance/ Equity, diversity & inclusion in affiliate governance] (SDG 5 & 10) '''Resources''' * [https://www.databricks.com/blog/2023/01/26/building-life-sciences-knowledge-graph-data-lake.htmlBuilding a Life Sciences Knowledge Graph with a Data Lake] (SDG 3) '''Videos''' * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HW6YxXRL18 Editor uses Wikidata to find new uses for existing drugs and speed up approval process for new treatments] (SDG 3) * [[c:File:WikiForHumanRights_Information_Session_2023.webm|WikiForHumanRights Information Session]] (SDG 10) '''Featured content''' * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_birds_of_Tuvalu|List of birds of Tuvalu]] (SDG 14) * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Laos|List of World Heritage Sites in Laos]] (SDG 11) * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Bangladesh|List of World Heritage Sites in Bangladesh]] (SDG 11) '''New Wikidata properties''' * [[d:Property:P11429|NIP]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11402|NSR doctor ID]] (SDG 3) * [[d:/Property:P11430|UniProt disease ID]] (SDG 3) * [[d:Property:P11446|Strazha ID]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11500|United States House of Representatives ID]] (SDG 16) </div> This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 16:25, 1 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=24426147 --> == Request for filling up Google Form for Feminism and Folklore 2023 == [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg | logo.svg|right|frameless|300px]] Greetings Organisers, We appreciate your enthusiasm for '''Feminism and Folklore''' and your initiative in setting up the competition on your local wikipedia. We would want to learn more about the needs of your community and for that please fill out the google form ([https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScusayFXTzNWV-QgIiT3bRHQbAs_pVczvput2jehOcahnCdMg/viewform here]) as soon as possible so that we can plan and adapt the demands according to your specifications. By February 8, 2023, all entries for this form will be closed. Do share about the contest on your local Wikipedia. Ask your local administrator to add Feminism and Folklore to [[Mediawiki:Sitenotice]]. Create your own or see an example [[:m:User:Tiven2240/sn-fnf|on meta]] Also a reminder regarding the prior Google form sent for Internet and Childcare Support Financial Aid ([https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSea81OO0lVgUBd551iIiENXht7BRCISYZlKyBQlemZu_j2OHQ/viewform this]). Anyone who hasn't already filled it out has until February 5, 2023 to do so. Feel free to contact us via talkpage if you have any questions or concerns. Thanks and Regards, Feminism and Folklore 2023 International Team --[[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]] ([[User talk:Tiven2240|talk]]) 17:22, 5 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC) == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2023 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twentyfourth newsletter, covering February 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16<!-- insert related SDGs here -->.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> '''Meetings''' * [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|2023-03-05 User group meeting]] (SDG all) * [[m:2023-03-19 User group meeting|Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting]] (SDG all) '''Activities''' * Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13) * Ongoing: [[wikimania:2023:Program/Submissions|Suggest "Environmental sustainability and climate crisis" topics for Wikimania]] (SDG all) * Ongoing: [[m:Africa_Environment|Africa Environment WikiFocus]] (SDG 13) * Past: [https://www.eventbrite.com/x/edit-for-climate-change-wikipedia-editathon-registration-526291811977 Edit for Climate Change: Wikipedia Editathon] (SDG 13) * Past: WikiForHumanRights 2023 Campaign: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|Capacity Building Sessions on "Tools for Finding the Right Articles" and "Building Article List with Petscan"]] (SDG 10 & 13) * Past: WikiForHumanRights 2023 Campaign: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Resources|Regional Office Hours for Africa and Maghreb Regions]] (SDG 10 & 13) '''News''' * [https://observablehq.com/@thadk/garden NCBI breakdown of common garden foods with photographs by Phytotheca] (SDG 2) '''Resources''' * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January_2023/Contents/Sweden_report|3000 Arctic images]] (SDG 13) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January_2023/Contents/Content_Partnerships_Hub_report|SMART-Servier Medical Art upload]] (SDG 3) '''Research''' * [https://fosdem.org/2023/schedule/event/sustainability/ Open Source in Environmental Sustainability] (SDG 13) '''New Wikidata properties''' * [[d:Property:P11576|Norwegian war prisoner detention camp ID]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11587|Iowa legislator ID]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11610|National Grid Balancing Mechanism unit ID]] (SDG 7) '''Wikidata query examples''' * [https://w.wiki/5Vu8 Map of disasters by type] (SDG 11) '''Featured articles''' * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:South_Asian_river_dolphin|South Asian river dolphin]] (SDG 14) * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Sri_Lanka|List of World Heritage Sites in Sri Lanka]] (SDG 11) * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_lamiid_families|List of lamiid families]] (SDG 15) </div> <gallery mode=packed caption="Featured images"> File:%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96.jpg|Three horses (SDG 15) File:Hunter_baby_chameleon.jpg|Hunter baby chameleon (SDG 15) File:Rice_paper_butterfly_%2816709%29.jpg|Rice paper butterfly (SDG 15) File:Lasiocampa_quercus_4th_instar_caterpillar_Keila_%28top_view%29.jpg|Lasiocampa quercus 4th instar caterpillar Keila (top view) (SDG 15) File:Lasiocampa_quercus_4th_instar_caterpillar_Keila_%28side_view%29.jpg|Lasiocampa quercus 4th instar caterpillar Keila (side view).jpg (SDG 15) File:Mockingbird_on_the_North_Lake_Trail_%2836851%29.jpg|Mockingbird on the North Lake Trail (SDG 15) File:Striated_Pardalote_0012.jpg|Striated Pardalote (SDG 15) File:Kleines_Wiesenv%C3%B6gelchen_am_Morgen.jpg|Wiesenvögelchen (SDG 15) File:Immature_herring_gull_%2816259%29.jpg|Herring gull (SDG 15) File:Northern_shoveler_male_in_Marine_Park_%2833296%29.jpg|Northern shoveler (SDG 15) </gallery> This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 18:57, 1 ga Maris, 2023 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=24647320 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2023 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twentyfifth newsletter, covering March 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 10, 13, 15 and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> '''Meetings''' * Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|User group meeting 2023-04-02]] (SDG all) * Past: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Meeting_minutes_20230305|User group meeting 2023-03-05]] (SDG all) '''Activities''' * Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13) * Upcoming: [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/30/join-the-wikiforhumanrights-campaign-and-contribute-knowledge-that-connects-human-rights-with-solutions-for-a-sustainable-future/ WikiForHumanRights] (SDG 10 & 13) * Upcoming: April 19 - [[m:Translat-a-thon/NYC/2023|LaGuardia Community College Earth Day Translatathon with Casa de las Américas NYC]] (SDG 13) * Upcoming: April 22 - [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Earth_Day_2023_Bushwick|Earth Day 2023 Edit-a-thon Environment of Brooklyn Focus with Sure We Can]] (SDG 13) * Upcoming: April 23 - [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Earth_Day_Wiknic|Earth Day Wiknic NYC]] (SDG 13) * Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/WMF_GLAM_report|Gender and culture related event to test image suggestions on Wikipedia]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[m:Feminism_and_Folklore_2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[m:Edit_a_thon/artfeminism-edit-a-thon-for-nigerian-female-artists-2023|Art+Feminism edit-a-thon for Nigerian female artists]] (SDG 5) '''News''' * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/03/08/putting-our-energy-into-wikipedia-as-climate-action/ Putting our energy into Wikipedia as climate action] (SDG 13) * [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/07/how-artfeminism-is-using-wikipedia-to-promote-equity-in-the-art-world/ How Art+Feminism is using Wikipedia to promote equity in the art world] (SDG 5) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/New_Zealand_report|Biodiversity Heritage Library and Wikidata]] (SDG 15) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/USA_report|Black history month and more]] (SDG 10) * [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/14/women-do-news-tackling-the-gender-divide-in-journalism-through-wikipedia/ Women Do News: Tackling the Gender Divide in Journalism Through Wikipedia] (SDG 5) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/17/wiki-loves-earth-2023-is-starting/ Wiki Loves Earth 2023 is starting!] (SDG 15) * [https://medium.com/@openheritagefoundation/the-quest-to-close-the-gender-gap-on-wikipedia-continues-five-year-anniversary-with-feminism-ebd7a3b3185e The Quest to Close the Gender Gap on Wikipedia Continues; Five-Year Anniversary with Feminism & Folklore] (SDG 5) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/28/wikigap-malaysia-2023-empowering-women-in-indigenous-languages/ WikiGap Malaysia 2023: Empowering women in indigenous languages] (SDG 5) * [https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/climate-crisis/wikipedia-has-a-climatetech-problem Wikipedia has a climatetech problem] (SDG 13) '''New Wikidata properties''' * [[d:Property:P11623|NCI Drug Dictionary ID]] (SDG 3) * [[d:Property:P11649|Malaysia Federal Legislation act ID]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11650|Moscow University Herbarium ID]] (SDG 15) * [[d:Property:P11666|Norwegian Petroleum Directorate field ID]] (SDG 13) '''Featured content''' * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_Saxifragales_families|List of Saxifragales families]] (SDG 15) * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:Red-throated_wryneck|Red-throated wryneck]] (SDG 15) </div> <gallery mode=packed caption="Featured images"> Ourapteryx_yerburii_ssp._specimens_and_male_genitalia.jpg|Ourapteryx yerburii ssp. specimens and male genitalia (SDG 15) Pterophorus_pentadactyla_-_Keila.jpg|Pterophorus pentadactyla (SDG 15) Wood_duck_drake_%2886815%29.jpg|Wood duck drake (SDG 15) Cardinal_%2886755%29.jpg|Cardinal (SDG 15) Bunten_Kronwicke_%28Securigera_varia%29_Bl%C3%BCte-20200626-RM-173640.jpg|Bunten Kronwicke (Securigera varia) (SDG 15) Neubrunn_Steinbruch_Blutrote_Heidelibelle_%28Sympetrum_sanguineum%29_8262082.jpg|Sympetrum sanguineum (SDG 15) Boerenkrokus_%28Crocus_tommasinianus%29_28-02-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Crocus tommasinianus (SDG 15) Papaya_-_longitudinal_section_close-up_view.jpg|Papaya - longitudinal section close-up view (SDG 15) Aphantopus_hyperantus_-_Keila.jpg|Aphantopus hyperantus (SDG 15) Australian_Zebra_Finch_0A2A3013.jpg|Australian Zebra Finch (SDG 15) Melospiza_melodia_JRVdH_03.jpg|Melospiza melodia (SDG 15) Roadside_hawk_%28Rupornis_magnirostris_griseocauda%29_eating_speckled_racer_%28Drymobius_margaritiferus%29_Orange_Walk.jpg|Roadside hawk (Rupornis magnirostris griseocauda) eating speckled racer (Drymobius margaritiferus) (SDG 15) Black_iguana_%28Ctenosaura_similis%29_Cayo.jpg|Black iguana (Ctenosaura similis) (SDG 15) Cerastis_rubricosa_caterpillar_%28side_view%29_-_Keila.jpg|Cerastis rubricosa caterpillar (side view) (SDG 15) Cerastis_rubricosa_caterpillar_%28dorsal_view%29_-_Keila.jpg|Cerastis rubricosa caterpillar (dorsal view) (SDG 15) Fr%C3%BChlings-Knotenblume_%28Leucojum_vernum%29-20230220-RM-161056.jpg|Frühlings-Knotenblume (Leucojum vernum) (SDG 15) Ocellated_turkey_%28Meleagris_ocellata%29_male_Peten.jpg|Ocellated turkey (Meleagris ocellata) male (SDG 15) Geoffroy%27s_spider_monkey_%28Ateles_geoffroyi_yucatanensis%29_Peten_2.jpg|Geoffroy's spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi yucatanensis) (SDG 15) Bessen_van_een_Ophiopogon_planiscapus_%27Niger%27._28-02-2023._%28d.j.b%29.jpg|Ophiopogon planiscapus (SDG 15) Protaetic_cuprea_ignicollis_2023-03-22_IZE-066.jpg|Protaetic cuprea ignicollis (SDG 15) Monarch_butterflies_%28Danaus_plexippus_plexippus%29_Piedra_Herrada_2.jpg|Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus plexippus) (SDG 15) Cepaea_nemoralis_Paarung-20230314-RM-110511.jpg|Cepaea nemoralis (SDG 15) Wiesen_Pippau_%28Crepis_biennis%29-20220624-RM-123950.jpg|Crepis biennis (SDG 15) Keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus) on foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) Cayo.jpg|Keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus) on foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) (SDG 15) Trifolium_spadiceum_-_Niitv%C3%A4lja.jpg|Trifolium spadiceum (SDG 15) </gallery> This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 07:42, 1 ga Afirilu, 2023 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=24816279 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2023 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twenty-sixth newsletter, covering April 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 2, 4, 5, 6, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> '''Meetings''' * Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting 2023-05-07]] (SDG all) * Past: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20230402|User group meeting 2023-04-02]] (SDG all) '''Activities''' * Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13) * Ongoing: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Join_the_Challenge|WikiForHumanRights 2023 International Writing Contest]] (SDG 13, 14, 6) * Ongoing: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Join_Community_Events|WikiForHumanRights 2023 local community events]] (SDG 13, 15, 14, 6) * Ongoing: [[m:Wiki_Climate_Campus_Tour_Nigeria|WikiCampusTourNigeria Project]] (SDG 6, 13, 14, 15) * Upcoming (and past): [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Skrivstuga/Kvinnor,_arkitektur_och_design|Women, architecture and design]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Albania_report|WikiGap Tirana 2023, Albania]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Brazil_report|BBC 100 women editathon]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Kosovo_report|WikiGAP in Prishtina]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Switzerland_report|15 Days of French women writers]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/DC/TSU_USF_Women%27s_History_Month_Wikipedia_Edit-a-thon|TSU USF Women's History Month Wikipedia Edit-a-thon]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[w:en:Wikipedia:WikiProject_Smithsonian_AWHI/Meetup/Crafting_a_Better_Wikipedia:_Women_of_Color_in_the_Renwick_Gallery|Crafting a Better Wikipedia: Women of Color in the Renwick Gallery]] (SDG 5) '''News''' * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/07/tuswug-s2e2-women-in-wiki/ TUSWUG S2E2: Women in Wiki] (SDG 5) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/13/inaugural-edition-of-the-organizer-lab-awards-6-community-grants/ Inaugural edition of the organizer lab awards – 6 community grants] (SDG 5 & SDG 13) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/03/29/bolstering-womens-voices-and-histories-on-wikipedia/ Bolstering women’s voices and histories on Wikipedia] (SDG 5) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Brazil_report|A huge upload for biologists]] (SDG 15) * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycPPBhuQPhs&ab_channel=WikimediaFoundation WikiForHumanRights 2023 Launch Webinar] (SDG 13, 14, 6) * [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|WikiForHumanRights 2023 and WMF Human Rights Team Online Safety Capacity Building for Organizers]] (SDG 13) * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLBSSlrI2vo WikiForHummanRights 2023 and Let's Connect Capacity building on good practices for retention] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/20/living-through-a-triple-planetary-emergency-capturing-the-most-impactful-knowledge-to-weather-the-storm/ Living through a Triple Planetary Emergency: Capturing the Most Impactful Knowledge to Weather the Storm] (SDG 10 & SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/20/wikimedia-foundation-environmental-sustainability-report-for-2022/ Wikimedia Foundation Environmental Sustainability Report for 2022] (SDG 13) * [[:File:Wikimedia_h%C3%A5llbarhetsrapport_2022.pdf|Wikimedia Sverige sustainability report 2022]] (in Swedish) (SDG 13) '''Research''' * [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12964 Hypotheses in urban ecology: building a common knowledge base] (SDG 15) '''New Wikidata properties''' * [[d:Property:P11698|student retention rate]] (SDG 4) * [[d:Property:P11704|INEP ID]] (SDG 4) [51] * [[d:Property:P11729|Kulturenvanteri.com ID]] (SDG 11) * [[d:Property:P11747|holds diplomatic passport of]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11741|SINTA affiliation ID]] (SDG 4) '''Featured content''' * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_afrosoricids|List of afrosoricids]] (SDG 15) </div> <gallery mode=packed caption="Featured images"> Scarlet_macaw_%28Ara_macao_cyanopterus%29_Copan.jpg|Ara macao cyanopterus (SDG 15) Leptura_quadrifasciata_female_-_Keila.jpg|Leptura quadrifasciata (SDG 15) Bursa_lamarckii_01.jpg|Bursa lamarckii (SDG 15) Scarlet_macaw_%28Ara_macao_cyanopterus%29_head_Copan.jpg|Ara macao cyanopterus (SDG 15) Western_Bowerbird_0A2A0436.jpg|Chlamydera guttata (SDG 15) White-breasted_nuthatch_%2826471%29.jpg|Sitta carolinensis (SDG 15) Patzmannsdorf_-_K%C3%BCrbisfeld_mit_Pfarrkirche_und_Raiffeisen-Silo_in_Stronsdorf.jpg|Pumpkin field (SDG 2) Cinnamon-bellied_flowerpiercer_%28Diglossa_baritula%29_male_on_Indian_shot_%28Canna_indica%29_Finca_El_Pilar.jpg|Diglossa baritula & Canna indica (SDG 15) Knoppen_van_een_esdoorn_%28Acer_platanoides%29._03-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Acer platanoides (SDG 15) Cinnamon_hummingbird_%28Amazilia_rutila%29_in_flight_Los_Tarrales.jpg|Amazilia rutila (SDG 15) Passion_fruits_-_whole_and_halved.jpg|Passiflora edulis (SDG 15) Golden-fronted_%28Velasquez%27s%29_woodpecker_%28Melanerpes_aurifrons%29_male_Copan.jpg|Melanerpes aurifrons (SDG 15) Argiope_spider_female_adult_on_her_web_dorsal_view_black_background_Don_Det_Laos.jpg|Argiope versicolor (SDG 15) Daslook._Allium_ursinum%2C_zwellende_bloemknop._18-04-2022_%28actm.%29_04.jpg|Allium ursinum (SDG 15) Fallen_leaf_of_Platanus_x_hispanica_%281%29.jpg|Platanus x hispanica (SDG 15) Thymelicus_lineola_underside_-_Keila.jpg|Thymelicus lineola (SDG 15) Japanse_esdoorn_%28Acer_palmatum%29_03-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Acer palmatum (SDG 15) [38] Common_kestrel_%28Falco_tinnunculus%29_female_%28IMGP1648r2-DNA%29.jpg|Falco tinnunculus (SDG 15) [39] California_sea_lion_nap_time_in_La_Jolla_%2870474%29.jpg|Zalophus californianus (SDG 15) [40] Bladknop_van_een_esdoorn_%28Acer%29._13-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29_01.jpg|Acer pseudoplatanus (SDG 15) Tamarind_fruits_%28Tamarindus_indica_%27Si_Thong%27%29.jpg|Tamarindus indica (SDG 15) White_leucistic_squirrel_with_a_peanut_%2885668%29.jpg|Sciurus carolinensis (SDG 15) [43] Fork-tailed_flycatcher_%28Tyrannus_savana_monachus%29_in_flight_Cayo.jpg|Tyrannus savana monachus (SDG 15) Rapa_incurva_01.jpg|Rapa incurva (SDG 15) Arboreal_stingless_bee_nest_%28Trigona_sp.%29_Flores.jpg|Trigona sp. (SDG 15) </gallery> This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 19:31, 2 Mayu 2023 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=24969562 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2023 - Local prize winners == [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:please-translate}}'' Congratulations on your remarkable achievement of winning a local prize in the '''Feminism and Folklore 2023''' writing competition! We greatly appreciate your valuable contribution and the effort you put into documenting your local Folk culture and Women on Wikipedia. To ensure you receive your prize, please take a moment to complete the preferences form before the 1st of July 2023. You can access the form [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdWlxDwI6UgtPXPfjQTbVjgnAYUMSYqShA5kEe4P4N5zwxaEw/viewform?usp=sf_link by clicking here]. We kindly request you to submit the form before the deadline to avoid any potential disappointments. If you have any questions or require further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us via talkpage or Email. We are more than happy to help. Best wishes, [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|FNF 2023 International Team]] ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 10:47, 10 ga Yuni, 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf2023&oldid=25134473 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2023 - A Heartfelt Appreciation for Your Impactful Contribution! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|center|500px]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikimedian, We extend our sincerest gratitude to you for making an extraordinary impact in the '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition. Your remarkable dedication and efforts have been instrumental in bridging cultural and gender gaps on Wikipedia. We are truly grateful for the time and energy you've invested in this endeavor. As a token of our deep appreciation, we'd love to send you a special postcard. It serves as a small gesture to convey our immense thanks for your involvement in the competition. To ensure you receive this token of appreciation, kindly fill out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeXZaej264LOTM0WQBq9QiGGAC1SWg_pbPByD7gp3sC4j7VKQ/viewform this form] by August 15th, 2023. Looking ahead, we are thrilled to announce that we'll be hosting Feminism and Folklore in 2024. We eagerly await your presence in the upcoming year as we continue our journey to empower and foster inclusivity. Once again, thank you for being an essential part of our mission to promote feminism and preserve folklore on Wikipedia. With warm regards, '''Feminism and Folklore International Team'''. --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 18:37, 25 ga Yuli, 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf2023p&oldid=25345565 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2023 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twenty-seventh newsletter, a sort of year-in-review for 2023.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> Dear Wikimedians for Sustainable Development, As we bid farewell to 2023, we reflect on a year that has been an uneven year for our user group. While the journey has been marked by some truly inspiring events, most of our efforts have been largely uncoordinated and the user group hasn't been the support it could have been. Yet, there's a glimmer of hope and a world of potential for 2024. '''Highlights of 2023:''' ;Newsletters Galore: We kicked off the year with zeal, sharing updates and inspiration through four newsletters. The number of things happening in the movement is astounding, but we need to rethink the format of the newsletter going into the next year. ;Growing Strong: The Wikimedians for Sustainable Development family welcomed 33 new members in 2023. Your passion and dedication continue to inspire us, and we look forward to nurturing this community spirit in the year ahead. ;Wikimania Talks: Our voices echoed far and wide at Wikimania, where several members of our community took the virtual stage to share insights and ideas about everything from Wikipedians-in-Residence's to open data. Your contributions showcased our commitment to sustainable development on a global scale. ;Content Creation Magic: Throughout the year, our extended community demonstrated incredible dedication to expanding the knowledge base on Wikipedia. Countless hours were spent creating and curating content that aligns with our mission, contributing to a more sustainable digital ecosystem. ;Campaigning hard: We saw a large variety of campaigns, from writing challenges to editathons. The willingness to experiment with new formats and partners, as well as learning from past efforts, shows great promise for the future. '''Acknowledging Challenges:''' While we celebrate these achievements, we acknowledge that 2023 presented its fair share of challenges. A lack of global coordination reminded us that the road to sustainable development is not always linear. However, it is precisely these challenges that fuel our determination to work together more cohesively in the coming year and proof that the user group is needed. '''Hopeful Anticipation for 2024:''' As we turn the page to 2024, let's carry forward the lessons learned and the successes celebrated. We are optimistic that, with renewed energy and a collective commitment, we will overcome obstacles and create an even more impactful and connected Wikimedians for Sustainable Development community. Here's to a year of collaboration, growth, and making a lasting impact on the world through our shared passion for sustainability. Together, we can turn challenges into opportunities and pave the way for a brighter future. Wishing you all a joyous holiday season and a Happy New Year! Warm regards, [[m:User:Ainali|User:Ainali]], [[m:User:Daniel Mietchen|User:Daniel Mietchen]] PS. We have started writing [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2023|our yearly report]], please add your activities to it. This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 17:23, 1 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=25817439 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twenty-eighth newsletter.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> <!--Add content here --> ; User group news * We have submitted our [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2023|2023 annual report]]. * Upcoming meeting: on [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|9 February]], we'll have a call about roles and responsibilities in the user group. This is an attempt to make more opportunities to engage more of the user groups members in its activities. If you want to help out in some way, but don't know how, this is a meeting for you to get help creating that opportunity. If you know how you would like to help, but don't know how to get started, this is also the meeting for you. ; Other news * New Wikiproject for Climate Change on Basque Wikipedia: [[:eu:Wikiproiektu:Klima aldaketa|Wikiproiektu Klima Aldaketa]] * Climate Justice, Digital Rights and Indigenous Voices international Wikimedia event in Huaraz, Peru 2024: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeDIuZQ61v35y3Q293ZV9YjNWOHsgwvq3t2XjP2cQ0OHG-EPA/viewform Engagement Survey] (closes 2 Feb) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 20:22, 2 ga Faburairu, 2024 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=26169519 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twenty-ninth newsletter.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * On 9 February, we had a user group meeting on roles and responsibilities ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240209|minutes]]) * Upcoming [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|user group meeting 17 March]] ; Other news * Wiki Loves Earth: Reminder that if you want to [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Earth_2024/Organise|organize a local competition]], it is time to get started. (SDG 15 and 14) * Wiki for Human Rights: Reminder that if you would like to [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|organize a local event]], there is support available. (SDG 10) * Study: [https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/portalfiles/portal/650852934/Meier_Wiki_Climate.pdf Using Wikipedia Pageview Data to Investigate Public Interest in Climate Change at a Global Scale] (SDG 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 10:40, 9 ga Maris, 2024 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=26331508 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirtieth newsletter covering March and April 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 13, 14 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * * Upcoming [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|user group meeting 19 May]] ; Other news * [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2024-03-29/Recent_research#Other_recent_publications|Wikipedia Signpost highlighted five papers about climate change editing]]. (SDG 13) * On Wikidata, [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Climate_Change/Models#Emissions|a model for documenting green house gas emissions]] has been created. (SDG 13) * [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/EPA_Victoria_WiR_April_2024_Update An update] from the Wikipedian in Residence at the Environment Protection Authority in Victoria, Australia. * WikiAcción Perú organized a training session: "[[m:Volunteer Supporters Network/VSN Training: Climate Change Actions and Wikimedia Movement|Climate Change Actions and Wikimedia Movement]]" (SDG 13) * WikiForHumanRights organized a session: "[[m:Event:Adding Sustainability Perspectives to Wikivoyage|Adding Sustainability Perspectives to Wikivoyage]]" ; Events * [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2024|Wiki Loves Earth]], the international photo contest of protected nature, starts in May. (SDG 14 & 15) * [[m:Wiki For Climate Change 2024 - Maghreb region|Wiki For Climate Change 2024 - Maghreb region]] starts in May. (SDG 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 19:17, 1 Mayu 2024 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=26428292 --> == Tunatarwa don jefa kuri'a yanzu don zaɓar membobin U4C na farko == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder|Kuna iya samun wannan sakon da aka fassara zuwa ƙarin harsuna akan Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Ya ku 'yan Wikimedia, Kuna karɓar wannan saƙo saboda a baya kun shiga cikin tsarin UCoC. Wannan tunatarwa ce cewa lokacin jefa ƙuri'a na Kwamitin Daidaitawa da Gamayyar Tsarin Gudanarwa (U4C) yana ƙare ranar 9 ga Mayu, 2024. Karanta bayanin akan [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Shafin jefa ƙuri'a akan Meta-wiki]] don ƙarin koyo game da zaɓe da cancantar masu jefa ƙuri'a. Kwamitin Daidaitawa da Gamayyar Tsarin Gudanarwa (U4C) ƙungiya ce ta duniya da aka keɓe don samar da daidaito da daidaiton aiwatar da UCoC. An gayyaci membobin al'umma don gabatar da aikace-aikacen su na U4C. Don ƙarin bayani da alhakin U4C, da fatan [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|sake duba Tsarin Dokan ta U4C]]. Da fatan za a raba wannan sakon tare da membobin al'ummar ku don su ma su shiga ciki. A madadin Kungiyar Ayyukan UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 23:11, 2 Mayu 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024/Previous_voters_list_2&oldid=26721207 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirtyfirst newsletter, covering May 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 13, 14 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> <!--Add content here --> ; User group news * Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting]], 16 June * [[m:Talk:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development#Mini_report_from_the_Wikimedia_Summit_2024|Mini report from the Wikimedia Summit 2024]] * [https://wikipediapodden.se/jan-ainali-wikimedians-for-sustainable-development-wikimedia-summit-2024-265/ User group representative interviewed by Wikipediapodden] at Wikimedia Summit ([[:File:WP265 - Jan Ainali, Wikimedians for Sustainable Development, Wikimedia Summit 2024.mp3|commons]]) * [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240519|Minutes from user group meeting in May]] ; Other news * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/05/02/reflecting-_women-for-sustainability-africa-arts-feminism-her-voice-campaign-2023/ Reflecting _Women For Sustainability Africa Arts + Feminism #Her Voice Campaign 2023] * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|Macedonia report: Climate change and GLAM]] (SDG 13) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library April monthly highlights]] (SDG 14 & 15) * [https://www.nature.com/articles/d44148-024-00166-y WikiProject Biodiversity featured in Nature Africa] (SDG 14 & 15) * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFWS7hfetZk Wikimedia UK releases a video about their climate focus] (SDG 13) ; Events * [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2024|Wiki Loves Earth]], the international photo contest of protected nature, continues in some countries. (SDG 14 & 15) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 13:18, 1 ga Yuni, 2024 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=26852366 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirtysecond newsletter, covering June 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 13, 14, 15 and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Movement Charter Vote|User group vote on the adoption of the Movement Charter]] (closes 7 July 23.59 UTC) * [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Upcoming user group meeting]] 21 July * User group meeting held in June - [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240616|minutes]] * The group was featured in the latest WikiAfrica Hour: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4B6VI20qopk #36: Does the Wikimedia movement contribute to the SDGs?] ; Other news * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/06/18/stories-from-the-anti-disinformation-repository-how-wikiproject-covid-19-and-other-wikimedia-initiatives-counter-health-disinformation/ Stories from the anti-disinformation repository: How WikiProject COVID-19 and other Wikimedia initiatives counter health disinformation] (SDG 3) * [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/Environment_Centre_NT_Wikipedian_in_Residence Environment Centre Northern Territory Wikipedian in Residence] (SDG 15) * [https://www.gp.se/debatt/med-ai-kan-vi-oka-transparensen-om-foretagens-klimatavtryck.2dd4e006-57e3-4534-a0be-70ca56a289e4 With AI can we increase transparency of companies' carbon footprints] (in Swedish). Op-ed that mentions that the greenhouse gas emissions of the top 150 companies on the Stockholm stock exchange has been uploaded to Wikidata. The model is documented on [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Climate_Change/Models#Emissions|WikiProject Climate Change on Wikidata]]. (SDG 13) * [[wmfblog:2024/06/25/another-year-in-review-where-is-wikimedia-in-the-climate-crisis-seeing-the-impact-of-wikimedia-projects/|Another Year in Review: Where is Wikimedia in the Climate Crisis? Seeing the impact of Wikimedia Projects]] (SDG 13) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2024/06/24/46-scholars-self-advocates-bring-knowledge-to-wikipedias-disability-healthcare-content/ 46 scholars, self-advocates bring knowledge to Wikipedia’s disability healthcare content] (SDG 3) * [[c:File:Wikimedia klimatpåverkansrapport 2023.pdf|Wikimedia Sverige publishes their 2023 climate impact report]] (in Swedish) (SDG 13) * WikiProject Govdirectory has started [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Weekly collaboration|weekly collaboration on countries]] (SDG 16) ; Events * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/06/18/wikimedia-chapters-and-groups-organise-the-first-sharks-and-rays-wikimarathon/ Wikimedia chapters and groups organise the first Sharks and Rays Wikimarathon] (29 June, but edits in the weeks after are welcome) (SDG 14) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 09:27, 1 ga Yuli, 2024 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=27039469 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - July 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirty third newsletter, covering July 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 5, 10, 13, and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * User group meeting held in July, [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240721|minutes]] * Next user group meeting will be 18 August ; Other news * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|Climate change editahon and workshop in Macedonia]] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/16/wikiforhumanrights-in-nigeria-2024-campaign-virtual-launch/ WikiForHumanRights in Nigeria 2024 Campaign Virtual Launch] (SDG 10&16) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/16/what-we-learned-from-wiki-women-in-red-8-campaign-2023-women-for-sustainability-africa/ What we Learned from Wiki Women In Red @8 Campaign 2023 Women for Sustainability Africa] (SDG 5) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/ghanaian-wikipedians-set-to-educate-students-on-open-climate/ Ghanaian Wikipedians set to educate students on Open Climate] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/23/using-wikipedia-as-a-tool-for-climate-action/ Using Wikipedia as a Tool for Climate Action] (SDG 13) ; Events * 5th August, [[m:Event:Wiki-Green_Conference_2024 Wiki-Green Conference]] (SDG 13) * 7-10 August, Wikimania - [[wikimania:2024:Program/SDG_related_sessions|All SDG related sessions]] * 7-9 November, [https://wikimedia.org.ar/2024/07/03/justicia-climatica-voces-indigenas-y-plataformas-wikimedia/ Justicia climática, voces indígenas y plataformas Wikimedia] (SDG 13) ; Participate * Share an example of a successful [[m:Campaigns/WikiProjects|WikiProject or topical collaboration]] in this on-wiki survey This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 18:57, 1 ga Augusta, 2024 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=27042528 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - August 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDGs 5, 11, 15, and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20240915|Next user group meeting]], 15 September, will be focused on starting to develop a strategy for the group. If you cannot attend, you can leave your input on [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Strategy 2030/Ideas|the ideas page]]. * User group meeting held in August ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240818|minutes]]) ; Other news * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|Report from WikiProject International Botanical Congress 2024]] (SDG 15) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Meeting for Writing on Femenist Strikes and Wiki for Peace Camp St. Imier]] (SDG 5 & 16) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]] (SDG 15) * Wikimania had a lot of [[wikimania:2024:Program/SDG_related_sessions|SDG related sessions]] and you can watch them back now ; Events * [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Monuments 2024|Wiki Loves Monuments]] starts in September (SDG 11) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 06:24, 2 Satumba 2024 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=27262444 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - September 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirty-fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240915|User group meeting held in September on strategy for the group]] ; Other news * [[m:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2024/Submissions/Building a sustainable Wikimedia movement: A contribution from the CEE region|Building a sustainable Wikimedia movement: A contribution from the CEE region]], presentation at CEE meeting. ([https://www.youtube.com/live/iB3KNFtA4xI?t=6739 YouTube]) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/09/30/all-about-wiki-green-conference-2024/ All About Wiki-Green Conference 2024] (SDG 13) ; Events * Course: [https://wikiedu.org/courses/global-approaches-to-climate-finance-4/ Global Approaches to Climate Finance] by WikiEdu (SDG 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 20:26, 1 Oktoba 2024 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=27437535 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - October 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirty-sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Upcoming meeting]], 24 November, 17.00 UTC ; Other news * Talk at WikiIndaba: [[m:WikiIndaba 2024/Proposal/Wikimedian collaboration in human knowledge: Wiki For Climate Change in the Maghreb region|Wikimedian collaboration in human knowledge: Wiki For Climate Change in the Maghreb region]] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/10/17/championing-inclusion-in-the-wikimedia-movement-africa-wiki-women-presentation-at-the-wiki-niger-conference/ Championing Inclusion in the Wikimedia Movement: Africa Wiki Women Presentation at the Wiki Niger Conference] (SDG 5) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/10/25/mountains-birds-and-lakes-wiki-loves-earth-2024-central-asia-edition/ Mountains, Birds and Lakes: Wiki Loves Earth 2024 – Central Asia Edition] (SDG 15) ; Events * November 6, 12 and 21: [https://universityofexeter.zoom.us/meeting/register/tJAkdeqrrzMoGdEeMYlR6q0A7QMHwwwM2VIZ#/registration Climate Change & Health in the UK - Wikipedia workshop] (SDG 3 and 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 20:01, 1 Nuwamba, 2024 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=27587619 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - November 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirty-seventh newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 8, 12, 13, 15, 16 and 17.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * User group meeting, 24 November ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20241124|minutes]]) * We are working on our [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|annual plan for 2025]], please add activities that you would like to work on. ; Other news * [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 8 (November 2024)|CEE Catch up Nr. 8 with a sustainability theme]] * [[w:pt:Wikipédia:Wikiconcurso Justiça Climática e Amazônia|Wikiconcurso Justiça Climática e Amazônia]] (SDG 13) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October_2024/Contents/New_Zealand_report#nz-edit|Report from New Zealand Species Edit-a-thons]] (SDG 15) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October_2024/Contents/Macedonia_report#vvc|Report from climate change editing workshop in Macedonia]] (SDG 13) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November_2024/Contents/Croatia_report|DeGrowth in November with students, artists and academics in Croatia]] (SDG 8&12) * The new [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#November_2024:_Production_deployment_and_security_review_complete|Charts extension has been enabled on Wikimedia Commons]]. It's time to start bringing all your local sustainability related charts over there! (SDG 17) ; Events * Ongoing: [[m:Event:Bridging Climate Literacy Gaps through Wikimedia projects in Ogoni Land Rivers|Bridging Climate Literacy Gaps through Wikimedia projects in Ogoni Land Rivers]] (SDG 13) * Ongoing: [[m:Event:Financiamiento climático en Wikipedia|Financiamiento climático en Wikipedia]] (SDG 13) * Just started: [[m:Event:African Legislators in Red|African Legislators in Red]] (SDG 16) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 19:29, 1 Disamba 2024 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=27830533 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirty-eighth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 10, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * User group meeting in December ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20241229|minutes]]) * We have adopted an [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|annual plan for 2025]]! ; Other news * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_hWBwaQxaw Lightning talk by Adam Harangzo - National Institute for Health and Care Research on Wikipedia] (SDG 3&13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/12/11/top-photos-of-the-special-nomination-human-rights-and-environment-from-wiki-loves-earth-2024%f0%9f%a4%9d/ Top photos of the special nomination “Human Rights and Environment” from Wiki Loves Earth 2024!] (SDG 10&15) * [https://www.wikimedia.nz/nz-species-editathon-recap/ Two days, 15 editors, 750 edits] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/12/28/a-peekaboo-into-our-butterflying-trip-from-the-amazon-of-the-east/ A Peekaboo Into Our Butterflying Trip from the Amazon of the East] (SDG 15) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2024/12/27/brooklyn-college-students-bring-ecology-course-content-to-wikipedia/ Brooklyn College students bring ecology course content to Wikipedia] (SDG 13&15 * [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09636625241268890 Declaring crisis? Temporal constructions of climate change on WikipediaDeclaring crisis? Temporal constructions of climate change on Wikipedia] (SDG 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 08:04, 2 ga Janairu, 2025 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=27983472 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirty-ninth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 11, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250223|User group meeting 23 February]] * User group meeting in January ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250119|minutes]]). * The user group submitted an annual report in the new [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Affiliates Strategy/Implementation/Affiliate health criteria/Reports/2024/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|affiliate health criteria format]], and as an [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2024|activity report]]. * The [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Strategy 2030|2030 strategy]] for the user group was adopted. ; Other news * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/01/06/swiss-server-helped-optimise-wikidata-in-the-field-of-medicine/ Swiss server helped optimise Wikidata in the field of medicine] (SDG 3) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/01/08/photographers-from-turkiye-tell-the-story-of-award-wining-photos-in-wiki-loves-earth-2024/ Photographers from Türkiye tell the story of award wining photos in Wiki Loves Earth 2024] (SDG 15) * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HZnAp7oovlg OpenStreetMap and Wikidata in Disaster Times - CEE Meeting 2024 Istanbul] (SDG 11) ; Events * 1-28 February: [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/5DC7IKHKGBEE5KOD4PY2XNKT55EA6LW4/|Wiki Loves Africa: Climate & Weather ISA campaign]] (SDG 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 14:05, 4 ga Faburairu, 2025 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=28153013 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fortieth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 8, 11, 13, 15 and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * User group meeting in February ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250223|minutes]]). ; Other news * [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2025/Organise|Time to get ready to organize Wiki Loves Earth]] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/02/05/women-of-the-future-international-womens-day-2025/ ‘Women of the Future’ – International Women’s Day 2025] (SDG 5) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/02/17/the-experts-behind-the-edits-expanding-public-understanding-of-healthcare/ The Experts Behind the Edits: Expanding public understanding of healthcare] (SDG 3) * [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/ecosia-and-wikimedia-enterprise-partner/ Wikimedia Enterprise and Ecosia Partner to Drive Sustainable Search Innovation] (SDG 13) * A [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Climate Change/Policies|subproject to WikiProject Climate Change about Climate Change Policies]] has just started on Wikidata (SDG 13) ; Events * 1 March: [[m:Event:Open Data Day 2025 in Côte d'Ivoire|Open Data Day 2025 in Côte d'Ivoire]] (SDG 8) * 7 March [[m:Event:Govdirectory Collab Hour - Open Data Day 2025|Govdirectory Collab Hour - Open Data Day 2025]] (SDG 16) * 8 March–1 April: [[m:Event:Shine Her Light Writing Contest 2025|Shine Her Light Writing Contest 2025]] (SDG 5) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 07:51, 1 ga Maris, 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=28259111 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty first newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13, 15 and 17.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; News * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/03/27/organise-your-local-wiki-loves-earth-in-2025/ Organise your local Wiki Loves Earth in 2025!] (SDG 15) * [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Climate Policy Radar ID|Wikidata property proposal for the Climate Policy Radar]] (SDG 13) * [https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/handle/2077/85640/NKB_Debatt_Wikipedia.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Biologists encourage other biologists to edit Wikipedia] (in Swedish) (SDG 15) * A [[c:File:Langzeitkooperationen zwischen Museen und dem Wikipedia-Universum.pdf|presentation on long-term collaborations between museums and the Wikimedia universe]] was given on March 10 at a [https://www.kiekeberg-museum.de/fileadmin/user_upload/3_4_1_Tagungen/geplante_tagungen/Programm_Tagung_Mittwochs_ist_Museumstag_-_Langzeitkooperationen_im_Museum_10-11.3.2025_FLMK3.pdf symposium on long-term collaborations with museums in Germany](SDG 17) * A [[c:File:Gemeinsam mehr erreichen Freies Wissen als Grundlage der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Wikimedia und anderen Ehrenamtsinitiativen.pdf|presentation on existing and potential collaborations between the Wikimedia community and other volunteer communities]] was given on March 29 at a [https://tdsummit.d-s-e-e.de/ national volunteering convention] in Germany (SDG 17) ; Events * [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250420|Next user group meeting: 20 April]] This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 09:28, 1 ga Afirilu, 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=28259111 --> == Reminder: Submit Your Local Results for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 by 15 May == Dear El-hussain14, Thank you for your valuable contributions to '''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025''' in your communities! This is a kind reminder that the '''deadline to submit your local results is 15 May 2025'''. Please make sure to submit the '''complete and detailed results''' of your local contest on the following Meta-Wiki page: '''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Results]]''' Additionally, feel free to add a brief summary of your local event under the '''Results''' section in your country/region’s row on the participants page: '''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participants]]''' If you need any assistance during this process, don’t hesitate to reach out. Thank you for your continued dedication and support! For, Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team 11:51, 2 Mayu 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/Local_organizers&oldid=28651179 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty second newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250420|minutes]]) ; Other news * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/04/09/zombie-ants-to-bioremediation-the-world-of-entomopathogenic-fungi/ Zombie ants to bioremediation: The world of entomopathogenic fungi] (SDG 15) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/04/21/with-foundation-increases-support-to-expand-disability-healthcare-information-on-wikipedia/ WITH Foundation increases support to expand disability healthcare information on Wikipedia] (SDG 3) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/04/04/women-and-health-project-improving-the-representation-of-womens-health-on-wikipedia/ Women and Health Project: Improving the representation of women’s health on Wikipedia] (SDG 3&5) ; Events * May 19: [[m:Habilidades Digitales Verdes en Wikimedia 2025|Habilidades Digitales Verdes en Wikimedia 2025]] (SDG 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 07:22, 11 Mayu 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=28259111 --> == Final Reminder – Submit Full Local Results for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 by 15 May EOD == Dear El-hussain14, This is a final reminder that the deadline to submit your '''full and detailed local results''' for '''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025''' is '''15 May 2025''' EOD. Please ensure you complete the following as soon as possible: * Submit your full results on Meta-Wiki here: '''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Results]]''' * Add a brief summary of your local event under the "Results" column on: '''[[Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participants]]''' Failure to submit by the deadline may result in exclusion from the international jury consideration. If you need help or encounter any issues, feel free to contact the international team. Thank you once again for your dedication and hard work! ''Warm regards,''<br/> '''Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team''', 02:39, 15 Mayu 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/Local_organizers&oldid=28651179 --> == Share Your Feedback – Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 == Dear El-hussain14 Thank you for being a part of '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]]''' — whether as a contributor, jury member, or local organizer. Your efforts helped make this campaign a meaningful celebration of culture, heritage, and community on Wikimedia platforms. To help us improve and grow this initiative in future years, we kindly ask you to complete a short '''feedback form'''. Your responses are valuable in shaping how we support contributors like you. * '''Feedback Form:''' [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdXEtaqszxcwmTJa8pGT60E7GDtpbssNadR9vZFVFbLicGFBg/viewform Submit your feedback here] * '''Deadline to submit:''' 31 May 2025 It will only take a few minutes to complete, and your input will directly impact how we plan, communicate, and collaborate in the future. Thank you again for your support. We look forward to having you with us in future campaigns! Warm regards,<br/> ''Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team'' 08:51, 19 Mayu 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/Participants&oldid=28751574 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty third newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 10, 15 and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * 22 June: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting]] ; Other news * Several papers presented at WikiWorkshop: ** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_24.pdf EcoWikiRS: Using Species Descriptions in Wikipedia and Remote Sensing to Learn about the Ecological Properties of a Place] (SDG 15) ** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_6.pdf Data Extraction Methods for Analyzing Gender Bias on Wikipedia's Front Page] (SDG 5) ** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_28.pdf Measuring Cross-Lingual Information Gaps in English Wikipedia: A Case Study of LGBT People Portrayals] (SDG 10) ** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_14.pdf Exploring Wikipedia community practices during the 2024 European Parliament election] (SDG 16) ** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_55.pdf Wikipedia as a Tool for Tracking Mass Migration Flows: Insights from the Russian Invasion of Ukraine] (SDG 10) ** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_65.pdf Regulations in Wikidata: The case of PFAS-related regulations] (SDG 3 & 16) * [https://wikipediapodden.se/minimal-viable-species-stub-315/ Podcast about the minimal viable species stub] (SDG 15) * [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2025/05/media-literacy-and-responding-to-emergencies-and-disinformation/ Wikimedia UK and the Royal Society host workshop on information literacy and future health emergencies] (SDG 3) ; Events * 16 June: [[w:en:Event:Wikimedia NYC and United Nations Wikipedia Edit-A-Thon|Wikimedia NYC and United Nations Wikipedia Edit-A-Thon]] This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 09:37, 12 ga Yuni, 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=28771610 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * 6 July: [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250706|User group meeting]] ; Other news * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9I8Nr_UamtM Biodiversidade na Wiki] (in Portuguese) (SDG 15) * [https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ppp3.70050 The women honoured in flowering plant genera: From myth to reality] (SDG 5&15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/20/rethinking-wiki-engagement-in-medical-research-insights-from-a-residency-at-nihr/ Rethinking Wiki engagement in medical research: insights from a residency at NIHR] (SDG 3) ; Events * 24 July: [https://mdi.georgetown.edu/events/guwikieditathonsummer2025/ Editing for Equity: Closing the Wikipedia Gender Gap] (SDG 5) * 2 & 9 August: [https://events.humanitix.com/nz-species-editathon-wellington New Zealand Species Edit-a-thon] (SDG 15) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 21:06, 1 ga Yuli, 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=28881683 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - July 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 5, 10, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> <!--Add content here --> ; User group news * 6 July: User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250706|minutes]]) * We are trying to establish better governance for the user group and [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Draft by-laws|have some inspiration]] on which your comments are requested. ; Other news * To promote sustainability and increase the visibility of the Sustainable Development Goals, the [[w:tr:Vikiproje:S%C3%BCrd%C3%BCr%C3%BClebilir_Kalk%C4%B1nma|"Sustainable Development Wikiproject" was launched on the Turkish Wikipedia]] * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/11/wiki-loves-butterfly-community-led-contributions-in-dzongu-valley-north-sikkim-india/ Wiki Loves Butterfly: Community-Led Contributions in Dzongu Valley, North Sikkim, India] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/12/gender-climate-and-sustainability-my-journey-with-the-awa-fellowship-2025/ Gender, Climate and Sustainability: My Journey with the AWA Fellowship 2025] (SDG 5 & 13) * [https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2025/07/14/the-power-and-potential-of-wikidata-for-botany/ The power and potential of Wikidata for botany] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/15/amplifying-inclusion-and-climate-justice-through-open-knowledge-my-journey-as-a-fellow-under-awa-fellowship-2025/ Amplifying Inclusion and Climate Justice Through Open Knowledge: My Journey as a Fellow under AWA Fellowship 2025] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/15/justice-through-open-knowledge-training-human-rights-advocate-to-document-human-rights-incident-with-wikipedia-and-wikimedia-commons/ Justice through Open Knowledge: Training Human Rights Advocate to Document Human Rights Incident with Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons] (SDG 10) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/16/wings-of-bengal-the-winners-of-wiki-loves-bangla-2025/ Wings of Bengal: The Winners of Wiki Loves Bangla 2025] (SDG 15) * [https://infomgnt.org/posts/2025-07-16-Connecting-Knowledge-with-Wikidata-a-practical-Project-with-the-Museum-fuer-Naturkunde-Berlin/ Connecting Knowledge with Wikidata: A Practical Project with the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/19/when-time-slows-down-documenting-butterflies-in-the-north-eastern-himalayas/ When Time Slows Down: Documenting Butterflies in the North Eastern Himalayas] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/23/wiki-loves-earth-celebrates-1000000-images-of-the-natural-heritage-worldwide/ Wiki Loves Earth celebrates 1,000,000 images of the natural heritage worldwide!] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/28/closing-content-gaps-highlights-from-my-july-as-an-awa-inclusion-and-climate-justice-fellow/ Closing Content Gaps: Highlights from my July as an AWA Inclusion and Climate Justice Fellow] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/01/thrilling-two-day-butterfly-expedition-in-central-odisha/ Thrilling Two-Day Butterfly Expedition in Central Odisha] (SDG 15) ; Events * 6-9 August: Wikimania is coming up, and you can easily [[wikimania:2025:Registration|join remotely]]. Find [[wikimania:2025:Program/SDG related sessions|all sessions related to the Sustainable Development Goals]]. This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 09:27, 2 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=28881683 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - August 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * 21 September: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User Group Meeting]] ; Other news * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/07/when-butterflies-took-over-a-classroom/ When Butterflies Took Over a Classroom] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/13/a-walk-with-butterflies-that-healed-the-heart/ A Walk with Butterflies That Healed the Heart] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/21/wikimania-2025-information-integrity-on-climate-change-on-wikimedia-projects/ Wikimania 2025: Information Integrity on Climate Change on Wikimedia projects] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/30/botanical-perspective-of-wikitutuwuhan-project/ Botanical Perspective of WikiTutuwuhan Project] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/30/past-present-and-future-a-wikimedian-in-residence-at-the-biodiversity-heritage-library/ Past, present and future: a Wikimedian-in-Residence at the Biodiversity Heritage Library] (SDG 15) * [[wikimania:2025:Program/SDG related sessions|All SDG related sessions at Wikimania]] This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 20:24, 1 Satumba 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=29165157 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - September 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty seventh newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 7 and 13.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250921|minutes]]) ; Other news * The OpenStreetMap community has an initiative called "[https://mapyourgrid.org/ MapYourGrid]" focused on energy infrastructure on Wikidata and Open Streetmap. (SDG 7) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/18/bridging-climate-science-and-the-public-how-the-austrian-climate-report-found-a-home-on-wikipedia/ Bridging Climate Science and the Public: How the Austrian Climate Report Found a Home on Wikipedia] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/27/microworld-a-wikimedia-fueled-microbial-exhibition-in-northern-argentina/ Microworld: a Wikimedia-fueled microbial exhibition in northern Argentina] (SDG 4) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/30/wiki-green-conference-2025/ Wiki-Green Conference 2025] This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 20:46, 1 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=29165157 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - October 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty eighth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5, 10 and 13.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; News * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/01/ewe-language-activists-trained-to-translate-the-sustainable-development-goals-online/ Ewe Language Activists Trained to Translate the Sustainable Development Goals Online] * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/11/how-wikimedia-commons-is-making-microbiology-open-lessons-from-wikimedistas-de-jujuy-argentina/ How Wikimedia Commons is making microbiology open: lessons from Wikimedistas de Jujuy, Argentina] (SDG 4) * The [https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Faktamall_f%C3%B6retag&diff=58499099&oldid=57412306 Swedish Wikipedia company infobox now shows carbon emissions data] retreived from Wikidata for over 200 companies. (SDG 13) ; Events * 6 November–3 December: [[m:Event:Visible Wiki Women Campaign 2025|Visible Wiki Women Campaign 2025]] (SDG 5) * 11 November: [[m:Event:First steps in Wikidata for the Wikimedia LGBT Community|First steps in Wikidata for the Wikimedia LGBT Community]] (SDG 10) * 1–30 November: [[w:id:Wikipedia:Bulan_Asia_Wikipedia_2025|Bulan Asia Wikipedia 2025]] (SDG 10) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 16:47, 3 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=29554723 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - November 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty ninth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 5, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * 11 December: [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20251211|User group call]] * As are ending the year and will be wrapping up on the [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|current annual plan]] we are doing a few sprints. If every member of the user group makes just one contribution, we will finish these easily and have a great resource for the entire community. Please check out these and see if you can help out: ** [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Video translation|Videos with translatable subtitles]] *** Help by identifying which videos need translation ** [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Charts coordination|Charts]] *** Help by identifying charts that should be used in SDG topics <br/> ; Other news * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/11/09/wikimedia-project-from-south-america-selected-by-the-unesco-global-initiative-for-information-integrity-on-climate-change-fund/ Wikimedia Project from South America Selected by the UNESCO Global Initiative for Information Integrity on Climate Change Fund] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/11/10/northern-argentine-wikimedians-recognized-in-regional-openstreetmap-contest/ Northern Argentine Wikimedians recognized in regional OpenStreetMap Contest] (SDG 15) * [https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/LMyQBP/ny-ai-modell-svenska-foretags-utslapp-av-koldioxid Garbo gräver fram siffror på utsläpp av koldioxid] news in Swedish about carbon emissions data being added to the company infoboxes (SDG 13) * [https://wikimedia.at/der-klimabericht-und-die-wikipedia-teil-3-wissenschaftskommunikation/ Der Klimabericht und die Wikipedia Teil 3: Wissenschaftskommunikation] (SDG 13) ; Events * [[m:SheSaid|SheSaid campaign on Wikiquote]]. From 1 September until 31 December 2025. (SDG 5) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 14:39, 1 Disamba 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=29620767 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fiftieth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 7, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> <!--Add content here --> ; User group news * User group call, 11 December ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20251211|minutes]]) ; Other news * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/08/wikiforhumanrights-2025-documenting-ghanas-just-energy-transition-through-the-lens/ WikiForHumanRights 2025: Documenting Ghana’s Just Energy Transition Through the Lens] (SDG 7) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November_2025/Contents/New_Zealand_report#Update_on_the_Bioeconomy_Science_Institute_Wikimedian_in_Residence|Update on the Bioeconomy Science Institute Wikimedian in Residence]] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/14/wikiforhumanrights-2025-campaign-in-ghana/ WikiForHumanRights 2025 campaign in Ghana] (SDG 7&13) * [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2025/12/topics-for-impact/ Topics for impact] by Wikimedia UK * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/22/project-gayatri-a-year-of-building-knowledge-closing-with-heart/ Project Gayatri: A Year of Building Knowledge, Closing with Heart] (SDG 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 21:24, 4 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=29844481 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fifty first newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * The [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2025|annual report for 2025]] was published. * [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Next user group meeting]] is 22 February. * The drafting of the [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2026|2026 annual plan]] is under way, please help. ; Other news * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/09/winning-images-of-the-special-category-human-rights-and-environment-from-wiki-loves-earth-2025%F0%9F%A4%9D/ Winning images of the special category “Human Rights and Environment” from Wiki Loves Earth 2025🤝] (SDG 15) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 14:22, 4 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=29928029 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fifty second newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5, 10, 13, 15, 16 and 17.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * A proposal for a climate and sustainability meetup at Wikimania has been submitted. Keep your fingers crossed it gets accepted! ; Other news * [https://metabase.wikibase.cloud Metabase], a project to create a [[m:Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Knowledge Base|movement-wide knowledgebase for activities and initiatives]], now has the property [https://metabase.wikibase.cloud/wiki/Property:P109 relates to sustainable development goal, target or indicator] and all the Sustainable Development Goals, Targets and Indicators. This makes it possible to make sure that your projects and initiative that supports these are marked as doing so and also find previous efforts related to them. * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/11/wiki-for-botanists-why-thematic-engagement-matters/ Wiki for Botanists: Why thematic engagement matters] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/15/influence-of-seasonal-and-eco-climatic-factors-on-butterfly-diversity-insights-from-wiki-loves-butterfly/ Influence of Seasonal and Eco-climatic Factors on Butterfly Diversity: Insights from Wiki Loves Butterfly] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/15/african-women-in-climate-action-a-continued-editing-journey-through-the-edither-africa-contest-2026/ African Women in Climate Action: A Continued Editing Journey through the EditHer Africa Contest 2026] (SDG 5 & 13) ; Events * March is Women's History Month and also has the Internaltional Women's day, so there are plenty of related events. Check out [[m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]] to find some near you. (SDG 5) * [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_India/Events/International_Mother_Language_Day_2026_Datathon|International Mother Language Day 2026 Datathon]] (SDG 4, 10 &17) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 12:13, 2 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=29928029 --> == Join the LDH General Assembly | April 18, 2026 == We are delighted to invite you to the General Assembly of the [[m:Wikimedia Language Diversity Hub|'''Language Diversity Hub''']] (LDH) on Saturday, '''April 18th, 2026''', at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1776517200 13:00 UTC]'''. === About the General Assembly === The General Assembly (GA) is a community-wide consultation and engagement space. It is the primary forum through which LDH connects with the broader language and Wikimedia communities. The GA is designed to: * Keep community members informed about LDH activities, decisions, and ongoing work. * Gather feedback and perspectives from across the language and Wikimedia ecosystem. * Create open pathways for participation, collaboration, and community-driven input. === How to participate === Everyone is welcome! If you work on language access, language diversity, or Wikimedia projects in any language community, this is a space for you. * '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfFCqPF3H-Yax0t-AbgRasoDdXLom23n2SsZR5fw74bxMuPCQ/viewform Register here to attend]''' [[File:LDH General Assembly E-flyer.jpg|frameless|center|280px|link=https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfFCqPF3H-Yax0t-AbgRasoDdXLom23n2SsZR5fw74bxMuPCQ/viewform]] Looking forward to your participation, Language Diversity Hub Team, 18:21, 20 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) ''<small>You can opt out of our distribution list by removing your username from [[m:MassMessage/Lists/LDH|this list]]</small>'' (This message was sent to [[:User:El-hussain14]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Oscar .@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/LDH&oldid=30182212 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fifty third newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * There is now a [[c:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|user box template on Wikimedia Commons]] that you can use to show that you are participant of the user group. There were already user boxes on [[m:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Meta]], [[d:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Wikidata]], [[w:en:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|English]] and [[w:sv:Mall:Användare Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Swedish]] Wikipedia. If your home wiki uses user boxes but lacks one, feel free to copy any of these to it. ; Other news * [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2026/03/02/the-winners-of-wiki-loves-earth-2025/ “Cinematic intensity”: The winners of Wiki Loves Earth 2025] (SDG 15) * [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-026-00940-y Scientists should join collaborative online editing communities for biodiversity] (SDG 15) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 11:26, 1 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=30155800 --> == Programme submissions open: Language Diversity Conference, Accra 2026 == [[File:Official logo for language diversity conference 03.png|frameless|250px|right]] The '''[[m:Language Diversity Conference|Language Diversity Conference 2026]]''' will take place '''2–4 October 2026 in Accra, Ghana''', under the theme: ''Strengthening Language Communities in the Open Knowledge Movement''. The Programming Team is inviting the following types of session proposals: * '''Lightning talks''' – 10-minute short presentations on any relevant topic * '''Presentations''' – 20–25 minutes (including audience Q&A) * '''Workshops and tutorials''' – 50 or 110-minute interactive sessions (e.g. on Content Translation, Wikidata, or other topics) * '''Panel discussions''' – 50-minute panels; collaborations with others are encouraged Submissions will be evaluated by the Programme Committee based on: * Potential impact and expected outcomes * Relevance to the conference theme or focus areas Sessions may be recorded and made publicly available. If you prefer not to be filmed, you may indicate this during submission. '''→ [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/langdiv/cfp Submit your proposal on Eventyay]''' For more information, or questions, contact: languagediversitycon{{@}}gmail.com <!-- Message sent by User:~~~~~ on behalf of the Language Diversity Hub --> (This message was sent to [[:User:El-hussain14]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Oscar .@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/LDH&oldid=30405990 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fifty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 2, 5, 6, 7, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; News * [[diffblog:2026/04/15/from-lens-to-knowledge-citizen-science-through-wiki-loves-butterfly/|From Lens to Knowledge: Citizen Science through Wiki Loves Butterfly]] (SDG 15) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Wikidata type specimen data model]] (SDG 15) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|Edit-a-thon "Women Botanists" and “Plants Around Us: Veles” workshop]] (SDG 5 & 15) ; Events * Ongoing: [[w:en:Wikipedia:100 Days 100 Edits|100 Days 100 Edits]] (SDG 13) * Ongoing: [[m:Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026|Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026]] (SDG 2, 6 & 7) * May 9-10: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Projekt naturgeografi/Fotosafari: Fåglar i Skåne 2026|Bird photography trip]] in south Sweden (SDG 15) * May 30: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Skrivstuga/Biologisk mångfald|Editathon about biodiversity]] in Stockholm (SDG 15) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 12:47, 6 Mayu 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=30472224 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fifty fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 2, 6, 7, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; News * [[diffblog:2026/05/19/wikimedia-projects-and-the-climate-crisis-how-wiki-for-sustainable-futures-2026-is-being-built/|Wikimedia Projects and the Climate Crisis: How Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026 Is Being BuiltWikimedia Projects and the Climate Crisis: How Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026 Is Being Built]] (SDG 2 & 6 & 7 & 13) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2026/05/21/earth-day-every-day-preserving-biodiversity-on-wikipedia/ Earth Day, Every Day: Preserving Biodiversity on Wikipedia] (SDG 15) *[[diffblog:ar/2026/05/29/%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a6%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-2026-%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a9/|Launch of the Arabic Environmental Contest 2026: an ambitious initiative to enrich environmental content]] (SDG 2 & 6 & 7) * [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/From_the_field_to_the_free_web From the field to the free web] (SDG 15) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 17:47, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=30606764 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fifty sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5 and 10.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; In the news * [[diffblog:2026/06/08/reading-wikipedia-in-the-classroom-in-wa-ghana-empowering-educators-with-media-and-information-literacy-skills/|Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom in Wa, Ghana: Empowering Educators with Media and Information Literacy Skills]] (SDG 4) * [[diffblog:2026/06/12/amplifying-womens-stories-and-indigenous-knowledge-feminism-and-folklore-2026-in-the-igbo-community/|Amplifying Women’s Stories and Indigenous Knowledge: Feminism and Folklore 2026 in the Igbo Community]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/06/13/artfeminism-network-organizers-at-eseap-conference-2026/|Art+Feminism Network Organizers at ESEAP Conference 2026]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/06/14/a-reflection-on-what-i-learned-at-my-first-international-womens-day-celebration/|A Reflection on What I Learned at My First International Women’s Day Celebration]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/06/16/from-mentee-to-builder-my-six-months-in-the-eduwiki-hub-mentorship-program/|From Mentee to Builder: My Six Months in the EduWiki Hub Mentorship Program]] (SDG 4) * [[diffblog:2026/06/16/building-skills-and-confidence-during-my-three-month-journey-through-the-on-wiki-skill-program-organized-by-africa-wiki-women/|Building Skills and Confidence During My Three-Month Journey Through the On Wiki Skill Program Organized by Africa Wiki Women]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/06/17/why-the-eduwiki-starter-kit-matters-for-the-future-of-education/|Why the EduWiki Starter Kit Matters for the Future of Education]] (SDG 4) * [[diffblog:2026/06/17/empowering-new-editors-to-bridge-the-gender-gap-my-experience-as-a-mentor-in-the-edither-africa-april-2026-contest/|Empowering New Editors to Bridge the Gender Gap: My Experience as a Mentor in the EditHer Africa April 2026 Contest]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/06/18/visible-women-edit-a-thon-piloting-a-collaborative-approach-to-free-knowledge-in-hong-kong/|Visible Women Edit-a-thon: Piloting a Collaborative Approach to Free Knowledge in Hong Kong]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/06/23/guiding-new-voices-training-women-in-wikidata-during-the-april-edither-africa-contest/|Guiding New Voices: Training Women in Wikidata during the April EditHer Africa Contest]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/06/23/wikimedia-community-usergroup-botswana-in-collaboration-with-art-and-feminism-on-wikidata-mobile-training-2026/|Wikimedia Community Usergroup Botswana in collaboration with Art and Feminism on Wikidata Mobile Training 2026]] (SDG 5) ; Events * 10-18 July: [[m:Event:Wikiwomen Camp 2026|Wikiwomen Camp 2026]] (SDG 5) * 14 July [[w:de:Veranstaltung:Queers & Frauen 14.07.2026|Queers & Frauen]] (SDG 5 & 10) * 21-25 July: Wikimania is coming up and there are plenty of sessions related to sustainable development. There is now a dedicated page for those sessions at [[wikimania:2026:Program/SDG related sessions]]. * 23 July: [[m:Event:From Constitution to Community — Documenting Queer Rights Movements|From Constitution to Community — Documenting Queer Rights Movements]] (SDG 10) * 14 July [[w:de:Veranstaltung:Queers & Frauen 28.07.2026|Queers & Frauen]] (SDG 5 & 10) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 19:20, 3 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=30633243 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - July 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fifty seventh newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 5, 6, 15 and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; News * [[diffblog:2026/07/04/photowalk-at-the-purbachal-reserve-forest/|Photowalk at the Purbachal Reserve Forest]] (SDG 15) * [[diffblog:2026/07/13/welcoming-women-into-wikimedia-tech-a-guide-based-on-lived-experiences/|Welcoming Women+ into Wikimedia Tech: A Guide Based on Lived Experiences]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/07/14/empowering-youth-through-knowledge-wikipedia-for-freedom-of-elections-in-armenia/|Empowering Youth Through Knowledge: “Wikipedia for Freedom of Elections” in Armenia]] (SDG 16) * [[diffblog:2026/07/19/water-for-life-knowledge-for-all-how-wikiverse-botswana-is-showcasing-africas-water-story-through-the-africa-wiki-challenge-2026/|Water for Life, Knowledge for All: How WikiVerse Botswana is Showcasing Africa’s Water Story Through the Africa Wiki Challenge 2026]] (SDG 6) * Wikimania: There were so many sessions and posters related to the SDGs, they can't all be listed here. But on [[wikimania:2026:Program/SDG related sessions|this Wikimania page]] you can find them all and the session pages have links to the recordings. This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 08:56, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)• [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=30853204 --> == Language Diversity Hub evaluation survey: your input needed! == The Wikimedia Foundation is evaluating hub pilots to understand their work, outcomes, and future direction. As part of this, we're gathering feedback on how hub services and activities have contributed to concrete, measurable outcomes. You're receiving this because you're part of the Language Diversity Hub audience group, and we'd value your perspective. Your feedback will help inform the evaluation and strengthen our understanding of the Hub's impact. The survey takes about 10–15 minutes, and we kindly ask that you respond by '''10 August 2026.''' '''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_6KXVndZhZvlSoUS Survey Link]''' The Foundation is not collecting personal data through this survey. Responses will be reviewed and consolidated by audience group — analyzed collectively rather than attributed to individuals. Thank you for contributing. Your feedback helps ensure this evaluation reflects the perspectives of communities, affiliates, and others connected to the Hub. Questions? Contact strategy2030@wikimedia.org. Sincerely, Oscar on behalf of the [[Wikimedia Language Diversity Hub]], 21:22, 7 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User:El-hussain14]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Oscar .@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/LDH&oldid=30514061 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - August 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fifty eighth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 4, 10, 11, 13 and 14.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; News * [[diffblog:2026/08/12/wiki-loves-fish-bringing-coastal-biodiversity-to-the-world-through-open-knowledge/|Wiki Loves Fish: Bringing Coastal Biodiversity to the World Through Open Knowledge]] (SDG 14) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2026/08/19/making-rare-disease-knowledge-a-little-more-common-on-wikipedia/ Making rare disease knowledge a little more common on Wikipedia] (SDG 3) * [[diffblog:2026/08/26/the-pre-conference-on-information-integrity-in-climate-change-at-wikimania/|The Pre-Conference on Information Integrity in Climate Change at Wikimania]] (SDG 13) * [[diffblog:2026/08/29/beyond-wikipedia-a-technical-workshop-introducing-moroccan-teachers-to-wikidata-and-the-wikimedia-technical-ecosystem/|Beyond Wikipedia: A Technical Workshop Introducing Moroccan Teachers to Wikidata and the Wikimedia Technical Ecosystem]] (SDG&nbsp;4) * [[diffblog:2026/08/29/wiki-for-human-rights-nigeria-write-for-rights-and-july-virtual-session/|Wiki for Human Rights Nigeria: Write for Rights and July Virtual Session]] (SDG 10) ; Events * Ongoing: [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Monuments 2026|Wiki Loves Monuments]] (SDG 11) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 08:21, 4 Satumba 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=30910094 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - September 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fifty ninth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5, 11, and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; News * [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/The_little_coloured_bar_that_tells_you_a_species_is_disappearing_%E2%80%94_and_the_Australian_project_keeping_it_accurate The little coloured bar that tells you a species is disappearing — and the Australian project keeping it accurate] (SDG 15) * [[diffblog:2026/09/05/more-than-a-campaign-the-measurable-impact-of-celebrate-women-2026/|More than a campaign: the measurable impact of Celebrate Women 2026]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/09/04/shesaid-2026-the-global-story-continues-one-voice-at-a-time/|SheSaid 2026: The Global Story Continues, One Voice at a Time]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/09/13/from-focus-group-to-skills-focus-a-new-programme-of-wiki-loves-women/|From Focus Group to Skills Focus: A New Programme of Wiki Loves Women]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/09/17/2387-photographs-237-participants-documenting-colombias-biodiversity-through-wiki-loves-earth-2026/|2,387 photographs, 237 participants: documenting Colombia’s biodiversity through Wiki Loves Earth 2026]] (SDG 15) * [[diffblog:2026/09/20/more-programs-arent-enough-why-eduwiki-needs-stronger-infrastructure/|More Programs Aren’t Enough: Why EduWiki Needs Stronger Infrastructure]] (SDG 4) * [[diffblog:2026/09/21/wiki-loves-earth-2026-in-bangladesh-3330-photographs-15-winners-and-one-snake-that-changed-the-rules/|Wiki Loves Earth 2026 in Bangladesh: 3,330 photographs, 15 winners, and one snake that changed the rules]] (SDG 15) * [[diffblog:2026/09/23/from-open-knowledge-to-national-development-representing-wikimedia-botswana-at-the-un-consultation/|From Open Knowledge to National Development: Representing Wikimedia Botswana at the UN Consultation]] * [[diffblog:2026/09/25/from-university-research-to-free-knowledge-academics-discover-wikimedia/|From University Research to Free Knowledge: Academics Discover Wikimedia]] (SDG 4) * [[diffblog:2026/09/26/after-the-storm-the-shoots-are-more-photogenic/|After the storm, the shoots are more photogenic]] (SDG 15) ; Events * Still ongoing: [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Monuments 2026|Wiki Loves Monuments]] (SDG 11) </div> This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 17:11, 2 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=31035794 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - October 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our sixtieth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 9, 10, 13, 15 and 17.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; News * [[diffblog:2026/09/28/world-malaria-day-2026-promoting-public-health-on-malaria-on-wikipedia-and-wikidata/|World Malaria Day 2026: Promoting Public Health on Malaria on Wikipedia and Wikidata]] (SDG 3) * [[diffblog:2026/10/05/how-wiki-loves-earths-images-expressed-love-in-2026/|How Wiki Loves Earth’s images expressed love in 2026]] (SDG 15) * [[diffblog:2026/10/06/climate-change-and-free-knowledge-workshops-for-editing-urgent-issues/|Climate Change and Free Knowledge: Workshops for Editing Urgent Issues]] (SDG 13) * [[diffblog:2026/10/10/from-india-to-uzbekistan-how-butterflies-brought-wikipedians-together/|From India to Uzbekistan: How Butterflies Brought Wikipedians Together]] (SDG 15) * [[diffblog:2026/10/10/my-wikigap-2026-journey-in-uganda-amplifying-womens-stories-through-wikimedia/|My WikiGap 2026 Journey in Uganda: Amplifying women’s stories through Wikimedia]] (SDG 5) * [https://zenodo.org/records/23350108 Contributing plant-related knowledge to the Wikiverse - How and why to collaborate] (SDG 15) ; Events * Upcoming :* 11 November: [[w:en:Wikipedia:24hr editathon for COP31|24hr editathon for COP31]] (SDG 13) * On-going: :* [[m:Maritime_Silk_Road_Edit-a-thon|Maritime Silk Road Edit a Thon]] (SDG 17) * Past: :* [[m:Event:Writing_Wikipedia_in_ASL:_A_Deaf_Editor%27s_Perspective_on_SignWriting,_Linguistics,_and_Access_to_Knowledge|Writing Wikipedia in ASL]] (SDG 10) :* [[d:Event:Query_Service_Days_2026|Query Service Days 2026]] (SDG 9) </div> This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 07:58, 2 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=31196080 --> p09vmnckbsv577leq4wiwfif4zu8plt 0 29616 975052 503788 2026-11-01T21:43:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975052 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Ukraine_film_clapperboard.svg |thumb|Tambarin fim ɗin kasar]] [[File:%D0%95%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4.png |thumb|Eduard Nechmoglod daraktan fim din kasar]] [[File:Dovzhenko_Centre_building.JPG|right|thumb|201x201px| Oleksandr Dovzhenko National Center gini, Kyiv, Ukraine]] '''Cibiyar Fina-finai ta Kasar Ukraine na Oleksandr Dovzhenko''' (kuma '''Cibiyar Dovzhenko''' ) ita ce tarihin fina-finai na jihar da kuma tarin al'adu a [[Kiev|Kyiv]], [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]]. == Tarihi == An kafa ta ne a cikin shekara ta 1994 wanda shugaban kasar Ukraine ya bada umurnin kafa ta. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/511/94 |title=Decree of the President of Ukraine "On commemoration of the 100th anniversary of Oleksandr Dovzhenko's birthday" |access-date=2022-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109212346/https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/511/94 |archive-date=2019-11-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A shekara ta 2000, Cibiyar Dovzhenko ta haɗu da tsohuwar Kamfanin Buga Fina-Finai na Kyiv (wanda aka kafa a 1948), wanda shine kadai kuma mafi girma a cikin Ukraine, kuma ya karbi dukiyarsa, kayan aiki, da tarin fina-finai. Tun 2006 Cibiyar ta kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Tarihi ta Duniya . <ref>[https://www.fiafnet.org/pages/Community/Members.html International Federation of Film Archives members list]</ref> Studio na Fim ɗin Animation na Ukrainian (aka Ukranimafim, wanda aka kafa a cikin 1990) an haɗa shi zuwa Cibiyar a cikin 2019. Daga 2016 zuwa 2019 tsoffin wuraren masana'antu na Cibiyar sun sami cikakken gyare-gyare , kuma an canza su zuwa rukunin al'adu masu yawa. A cikin Satumba 2019 Cibiyar ta buɗe Gidan Tarihi na Fim na farko a Ukraine. == Tsarin == Cibiyar Dovzhenko tana gudanar da ajiyar fina-finai, sinadarai da dakunan gwaje-gwaje na fina-finai na dijital, Gidan Tarihi na Fina-Finai, tarihin fina-finai da kuma gidan rediyo. Cibiyar tana cikin wani bene mai hawa takwas a gundumar Holosiiv ta Kyiv. Har ila yau, cibiyar na aiki da wurin yin zane-zane na kujeru 300 '''Scene 6''', <ref>[https://whatson-kyiv.com/new-stage-a-new-age-of-ukrainian-theatre New stage (A new age of Ukrainian theatre]</ref> wanda ke kan bene na shida tare da kiɗan wasan kwaikwayo masu zaman kansu da yawa da kamfanonin fasaha da ƙungiyoyi. == Tarin == Tarin fina-finai na Cibiyar Dovzhenko ya ƙunshi fiye da Fina-finai 7,000 na Ukrainian, Rashanci, Amurka da kuma fasalin Turai, shirye-shirye da fina-finai masu rai; dubban takardun ajiya, hotuna, fastoci da sauran kayan tarihi waɗanda ke wakiltar tarihin [[Sinimar kasar Ukraine|cinema na Ukrainian]] daga farkon karni na ХХ har zuwa yau. Fim ɗin fim mafi dadewa da Cibiyar ta adana ya kasance tun 1910, kuma an shirya fim ɗin fasalin mafi tsufa na Ukrainian a cikin tarin Cibiyar a cikin 1922. == Duba kuma == * [[Sinimar kasar Ukraine|Cinema na Ukraine]] * Jerin tarihin fina-finai == Tushe == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|www.dovzhenkocentre.org}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Fina-finai Ukraine]] [[Category:Sinima]] 4fq25seq1x6bmdr5st07kcyb4u8s68s 0 30228 974938 969186 2026-11-01T18:37:55Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 974938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Soldiers pay a special visit to about 300 children at Baghdad Airport Prima DVIDS10081.jpg|thumb|Makarantu masu yanci]] '''Makarantun Ƴanci''' sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|Amurkawa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cd14d4z14rko.amp&ved=2ahUKEwimo6-D8PuGAxW2WUEAHbh3DvcQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1QAeK_7xQYPB0tC6Nq_6zr</nowiki></ref>[[Afirkawan Amurka|, Afirka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/babban-jamiin-jks-ya-gana-da-tawagar-alkalai-daga-afrika/&ved=2ahUKEwjjvbGn8PuGAxXCaEEAHcs0AfcQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw349FxgdP9OCoBKS7yHKXjM</nowiki></ref> galibi a [[Kudu]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://aminiya.ng/abin-da-ke-hana-yan-arewa-cin-gajiyar-siyasa-a-kudu/&ved=2ahUKEwjs6p3J8PuGAxWaU0EAHQK7DUcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw1On7_irExTQtO79H5gWzlx</nowiki></ref>. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara [[Amurkawa]] na [[Afirka]] don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, [[siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1599283-ba-ku-tsoron-allah-malamin-musulunci-ya-kunyata-yan-siyasa-a-zaman-makokin-tsohon-gwamna/&ved=2ahUKEwi91-jk8PuGAxWyQ0EAHTUEAkYQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw1jK4heoBF9wUxoWu5qqZ36</nowiki></ref> da [[tattalin arziki]] a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964). == Tarihi == Duk da hukuncin Kotun Koli na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da huɗu (1954) a cikin ''Brown v.'' Shari'ar ''Hukumar Ilimi'' ta lalata tsarin makarantun kebe, a tsakiyar shekarar dubu daya da 1960s Mississippi har yanzu tana kiyaye tsarin makarantar farare da "launi mara daidaituwa. A matsakaita, jihar ta kashe $81.66 don ilimantar da dalibi farar fata idan aka kwatanta da $21.77 kawai ga dalibi bakar fata. Mississippi ta kasance daya daga cikin jihohi biyu kacal a cikin kungiyar da ba su da dokar ilimi ta tilas kuma yara da yawa a yankunan karkara an tura su aiki a fagen kuma basu sami karancin ilimi kwata-kwata. Hatta manhajar karatu ta banbanta na fari da baki. A matsayin misali na yau da kullun, hukumar makarantar farar fata ta Bolivar County ta ba da umarnin cewa "Ba za a koyar da harsunan waje ko al'ada a makarantun Negro ba. Kuma ba za a koyar da tarihin Amurka daga shekarata 1860 zuwa 1875 ba." A karshen shekarata 1963, Charles Cobb, mai fafutuka na Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), ya ba da shawarar kungiyar ta dauki nauyin hanyar sadarwa na Makarantun 'Yanci, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar misalan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su a baya a wasu garuruwa. A lokacin bazara na shekarata 1963, hukumar ilimi ta gundumar Prince Edward County, Virginia ta rufe makarantun jama'a maimakon hada su bayan an gurfanar da su a shari'ar da ta biyo bayan ''Brown vs.'' ''Hukumar Ilimi'', don haka Makarantun 'Yanci suka bullo a madadinsu. A cikin Satumba, shekarar 1963, kimanin dalibai 3,000 ne suka halarci zanga-zangar Stay Out for [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|Freedom]] a [[Boston]], maimakon su halarci Makarantun 'Yanci na al'umma. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1963, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar 'Yanci, sama da dalibai 200,000 suka kaura cewa Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don nuna adawa da wariya da karancin yanayin makaranta, tare da wasu suna halartar Makarantun 'Yanci maimakon. Daga baya, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, shekarar 1964 a wata zanga-zangar ranar 'Yanci makamanciyar wannan, sama da dalibai 450,000 suka halarci kaura cewa makarantun jama'a na birnin New York a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girman zanga-zangar 'yancin dan adam na shekarata 1960s, kuma har zuwa dalibai 100,000 sun halarci madadin. Makarantun 'Yanci. == Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi == An habaka Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi a matsayin wani bangare na shekarata 1964 Freedom Summer yancin aikin, wani gagarumin kokari wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da ilmantar da daliban Mississippi don canjin zamantakewa. Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kasa (COFO) &#x2014; kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a na masu fafutuka da kudade da aka samo daga SNCC, CORE, NAACP, da SCLC &#x2014; a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, hadin gwiwar Freedom Summer. Ainihin aikin ya kasance yakin neman rajistar masu kada kuri’a a duk fadin jihar, kuma masu shirya zaben sun bukaci masu sa kai dubu daya su taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan aiki. Kuma Masu fafutuka sun yi shirin gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Demokradiyya mai kama da juna, saboda bakar fata masu jefa kuri'a cikin tsari ya haifar da wakilai masu farar fata zuwa Zaben shugaban kasa. Wadannan kokarce-kokarce sun kare a kirkirar Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party . Duka wakilan hukuma da Jam'iyyar Democratic Democratic Party ta Mississippi sun tafi taron a shekarata1964 na Democratic Democratic a Atlantic City, [[New Jersey]] . A cikin Disamba Shekarata 1963, a lokacin shirye-shiryen shirin bazara na 'Yanci mai zuwa, Charles Cobb ya ba da shawarar hanyar sadarwa ta "Makarantar 'Yanci" wacce za ta habaka shiga siyasa tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare na Mississippi, baya ga bayar da darussan ilimi da tattaunawa. Masu fafutuka da ke shirya aikin bazara na 'Yanci sun yarda da shawarar Cobb kuma a cikin Maris 1964 sun shirya taron tsara tsarin karatu a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a karkashin tallafin Majalisar Ikklisiya ta kasa . Farfesan tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman Staughton Lynd an nada shi Daraktan shirin Makarantar 'Yanci. A tsawon lokacin bazarar 'Yanci, an kafa Makarantun 'Yanci sama da 40 a cikin al'ummomin baki a duk fadin Mississippi. Manufar ita ce a yi kokarin kawo karshen kaura na siyasa na Amurkawa na Afirka ta hanyar karfafa dalibai su zama Yan kasa masu himma da shiga cikin al'umma a cikin al'umma. Sama da daliban Amurkawa 3,000 na Afirka sun halarci wadannan makarantu a lokacin rani na shekarata 1964. Dalibai sun kasance tun daga kanana yara zuwa manya masu matsakaicin shekaru 15. Malamai sun kasance masu aikin sa kai, yawancin su daliban koleji ne da kansu. <ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Freedom Schools] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> == Manufar siyasa da ilimi == An tsara Makarantun 'Yanci tare da manufofin siyasa da na ilimi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci za su ilimantar da daliban firamare da sakandare don zama wakilan canjin zamantakewa da za su shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a da ke gudana, galibi a kokarin rajistar masu zabe. Kuma An raba tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa sassa bakwai na asali wadanda suka yi nazarin yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin dangantakar kabilanci da kuma Kungiyar Hakkin Bil Adama. An karfafa habakar jagoranci, ban da karin kwarewar ilimi na gargajiya. Ilimin a Makarantun 'Yanci ya shafi dalibai ne kuma ya dace da al'ada. Sannan An gina manhajar karatu da koyarwa bisa bukatun daliban, an karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin dalibai da malamai (maimakon lacca) sannan masu tsara manhajoji sun karfafa wa malamai kwarin gwiwar yin koyarwa bisa kwarewar dalibansu. == Tsarin karatu == Bunkasa manhajar karatu ya ta’allaka ne da taron manhajar karatu, wanda ya kunshi malamai da daraktoci suna tattaunawa kan irin ilimin da za a koyar a makarantun ‘yanci. Dole ne malamai su rubuta jita-jita don tsara tsarin karatun su. An gaya musu su tuna yadda rayuwa take a Mississippi da dan gajeren lokacin da suke da shi don koyar da kayan. Dole ne tsarin karatun ya kasance mai son malamai kuma ya zama mai amfani ga dalibai nan da nan, tare da dogara kan tambayoyi da ayyuka. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tambayoyi da tattaunawa maimakon haddar gaskiya da kwanan wata. Kuma Umarnin ga malamai sun haɗa da: : Game da tsarin aji, tambaya shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Ba shi da ma'ana a cika daliban da bayanan da ba zai iya fahimta ba; tambaya ita ce hanyar wayewa. . . Darajar Makarantun 'Yanci za su samu ne daga abin da malamai ke iya ba wa dalibai ta fuskar fahimta da bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da taron manhajar ya tattaro Yan kasa na asali da asali daban-daban, kayyadaddun tsarin koyarwa na karshe ya kunshi abubuwa daga asali daban-daban kuma ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku. Bangarorin uku na manhajar Makarantun ‘Yanci su ne manhajar Ilimi, manhajar zama dan kasa, da Kuma manhajar nishadi. Manufar wadannan sassan shine don koya wa dalibai canjin zamantakewa a cikin makarantar; tarihin yanki; tarihin bakar fata; yadda ake amsa budaddiyar tambayoyi; da bunkasa fasahar ilimi. Manhajar Ilimi ta kunshi karatu, rubutu, da ayyukan baki wadanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da daliban ya samu. Tsarin karatun zama dan kasa shine don karfafa dalibai su yi tambayoyi game da al'umma. Tsarin Nishadi ya bukaci daliban ya kasance mai motsa jiki. A yawancin makarantu, Manhajar zama dan kasa ta mai da hankali kan nau'ikan tambayoyi biyu masu alaka don tattaunawar aji: : Me yasa muke (malamai da dalibai) a Makarantun 'Yanci? : Menene Kungiyar 'Yanci? : Wadanne hanyoyi ne kungiyar Freedom Movement ke ba mu? : Menene yawancin al'adun da muke so? : Menene yawancin al'adun da ba mu so? : Menene muke da shi da muke so mu kiyaye? == Shekara ta farko == An bude Makarantun 'Yanci a makon farko na Yuli shekarata 1964, bayan kusan malaman sa kai na Makarantar 'Yanci 250 sun halarci zaman horo na mako guda a Kwalejin Mata ta Yamma a Oxford, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . Shirye-shiryen na asali sun yi tsammanin Makarantun 'Yanci 25 da dalibai 1,000; a karshen bazara, an bude makarantu 41 ga dalibai sama da 2,500. An kafa Makarantun 'Yanci tare da taimako da jajircewar al'ummomin yankin, wadanda suka samar da gine-gine daban-daban na makarantu da gidaje ga malaman sa kai. Yayin da ake gudanar da wasu makarantun a wuraren shakatawa, dakunan girki, da gidajen zama, da kuma karkashin bishiyoyi, yawancin azuzuwan ana gudanar da su ne a cikin majami'u ko ginshiƙan coci. Halartar ta bambanta a duk lokacin bazara. Wasu makarantu sun sami daidaiton halarta, amma banda wannan. Saboda halartan taron bai zama tilas ba, daukar ma'aikata da kuma kula da zuwan kila shine kalubalen firamare da makarantun suka fuskanta. Kuma A Clarksdale, Mississippi, alal misali, matsakaicin yawan halartar dalibai a cikin makon farko ya kasance goma sha biyar, mako na biyu kuma takwas ne, amma a kowane lokaci a lokacin bazara, makarantar na iya samun halartar dalibai kusan talatin da biyar. Ba kasafai ba ne manya su rika zuwa aji akai-akai. An canza umarni bisa yanayin gida. A yankunan karkara da ake sa ran dalibai za su yi aiki a lokacin makaranta, yawanci ana yin karatu da daddare. A makarantun da ke kula da lokutan makaranta na al'ada, yawanci a cikin birane, ana ba da tsarin karatun zama dan kasa da kwasa-kwasan ilimi na gargajiya da safe kuma ana ba da azuzuwan na musamman kamar kida, wasan kwaikwayo, Kuma da buga rubutu da rana. A yawancin lokuta, za a kebe duk kwanakin makaranta don kokarin yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. Ya zama wajibi ga masu fafutuka na SNCC cewa za a saka hannun jari ga dalibai a ayyukan hakkin jama'a saboda ana sa ran wannan dalibai zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jihar don aiwatar da canjin zamantakewa. A ƙarshen lokacin Makarantar 'Yanci, masu fafutuka da dalibai sun shirya taron jagorancin dalibai a ranar 8 ga Agusta, shekarata 1964, ranar bayan jana'izar James Chaney, daya daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan Chaney, Goodman, da Schwerner . An gudanar da taron a Meridian, Mississippi, a tsohuwar Makarantar Baptist ta Meridian . An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "fadar da'irar Makarantar 'Yanci." Kowace Makarantar 'Yanci ta aika wakilai uku zuwa taron don samar da dandalin matasa don Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party. Wakilan daliban sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi ayyuka, makarantu, harkokin kasashen waje, da matsugunan jama'a tare da ba da shawarwari ga jam'iyyar jihar. A karshen taron, dalibai sun shirya wata sanarwa da ta bukaci samun masaukin jama'a, Kuma ka'idojin gine-gine na kowane gida, hadaddiyar makarantu, tsarin ayyukan jama'a, da kuma nada kwararrun baki zuwa mukaman jihohi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci da dalibai sun ci gaba da jajircewa kan manufar Makarantar 'Yanci. A farkon watan Agustan shekarata 1964, an shirya shirye-shiryen ci gaba da Makarantun 'Yanci a cikin shekarar makaranta mai zuwa, kuma wasu malaman sa kai sun riga sun amince su zauna. Dalibai sun yanke shawarar, duk da haka, yayin taron Makarantar 'Yanci a farkon watan Agusta don ba za su ci gaba da makarantun ba. Duk da haka dalibai sun aiwatar da jagoranci da gwagwarmayar da suka samu a lokacin bazara a makarantunsu. Wasu daliban sun koma makaranta kuma sun bukaci ingantattun kayan aiki da karin kwasa-kwasai. Dalibai a Philadelphia, Mississippi, sun dawo makaranta sanye da maballan "Mutum daya, Kuri'a daya" SNCC &#x2014; wanda aka kore su. == Makarantar Ranar Makarantar Freedom, Philadelphia == John E. Churchville ne ya kafa Laburaren 'Yanci na Philadelphia a shekarata 1964. A cikin Yan shekaru masu zuwa ya fara ba da azuzuwan yamma kuma daga karshe ya mai da dakin karatu zuwa makaranta. Bayan kafuwar wannan makaranta, ya shirya gajerun kasidu da aka buga a cikin littafin, ''What Black Educators Are Saying'', wanda [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/24/obituaries/nathan-wright-jr-black-power-advocate-dies-at-81.html Nathan Wright Jr. ya] shirya kuma aka buga a shekarata 1970. Wannan makala ta kunshi yawancin tunanin Churchville game da yanayin motsi na Black Power da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na koyarwa na sabuwar Makarantar 'Yanci. Ya raina ra'ayoyin duka kungiyoyin al'adu da masu ci gaban kasa a matsayin facade kuma ba hakora ba. A gare shi, Harkar kishin kasa ta juyin juya hali wacce ta yi kira ga cikakken juyin juya hali a nan da kuma ko'ina a doron kasa, ita ce mafi inganci da gaskiya ga ka'idojinta. Sun gano batutuwan cikin rukuni da na daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar bakar fata a Amurka kuma hanya daya tilo ta zama dan juyin juya hali da gaske ita ce ta sake haihuwa; wani iko na waje ya yi aiki wanda ya fara kawar da ku daga wadannan gazawar. Makarantun da kansu sun dogara ne akan tsari mai sauki na fifiko. Idan ilimi shine shigar matasa cikin tsarin akida, to dole ne Makarantar 'Yanci ta sake ilmantar da yaran bakaken fata su yi watsi da babbar akida tare da gina sabon tsari. Don yin wannan, kashi na farko na koyarwa da za a kafa dole ne ya zama sabuwar akidar makarantar. Bayan haka, Kuma dole ne a nemo malaman da za su iya dinke barakar da ke tsakanin asali da kuma ketare, kasancewar su darasi ne ga dalibansu na ciki da wajen aji. A karshe, an tsara tsarin karatun don bayyana ainihin halin da baƙar fata ke ciki da kuma koyar da kayan aiki da kwarewa don magance wannan gaskiyar. Tsarin karatun kamar yadda Churchville ya bayyana abin hawa ne kawai don koyar da gaskiyar juyin juya hali; abubuwan da ke ciki galibi basu da mahimmanci kamar yadda bincike ne wanda zai nuna gaskiyar. Hukumar FBI ta kai farmaki makarantar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarata 1966, bisa zargin tanada kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda. Bayan farmakin, Churchville ya daina fafutuka. == Gado == Za a iya ganin wani bangare na gadon Makarantar 'Yanci a cikin makarantun da ke rike da suna a yau: Akwesasne Freedom School a kan Mohawk Indian ajiyar ; Makarantun 'Yanci a St. Louis, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da [[Chicago]], Illinois, Tyree Scott Freedom School a Seattle, Washington, da Makarantar 'Yanci ta Paulo Freire a Tucson, Arizona. Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) yana gudanar da shirin Makarantar 'Yanci na zamani a duk fadin kasar. An hada wannan shirin ta hanyar bakar fata Al'umma na Crusade don Yara na Asusun Tsaro na Yara. Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF na kasa yana aiki sama da wuraren shirye-shiryen bazara 130 a cikin jihohi 24 a fadin kasar wadanda ke hidima ga yara kusan 12,000. A [[Michigan]] kungiyar Black Radical Congress a [[Detroit]] ta kaddamar da kamfen don kirkirar samfuri bisa ga Makarantun 'Yanci. Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia yunƙuyri ne na ilimin al'umma mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sigar zamani na tsarin karatun Mississippi tare da mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, Kuma aikin zamantakewa da jagoranci tsakanin tsararraki. Ana shirya Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2010-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419163246/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta hanyar hukumar jagora, Al'umma A Makarantu. <ref>http://www.cisphl.org</ref> Jami'ar 'Yanci [[Atlanta|ta Atlanta]], makarantar 'yanci ta zamani kuma makaranta ce kawai a cikin duniya inda duk dalibai ba su da takardar izinin shiga ba tare da izini ba, suna ba da kyauta na koyarwa, sannan tsarin karatun koleji na 'yanci wanda ke taimakawa matasa marasa izini su sami ilimi mafi girma. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ruleville, Mississippi * Gluckstadt, Mississippi * Carthage, Mississippi == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * William Sturkey da Jon N. Hale (eds. ), ''Don Rubuta cikin Hasken 'Yanci: Jaridu na Makarantun 'Yancin Mississippi na 1964.'' Jackson, MS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Mississippi, 2015. * Jon N. Hale, ''Makarantun 'Yanci: Masu fafutuka na dalibai a cikin Kungiyar Hakkin Bil'adama ta Mississippi'' . (New York: Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2016) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum] * [http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html/ Tarihin Makarantar 'Yanci ta Mississippi & Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203045010/http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 Darussa daga Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115163305/http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 |date=2017-01-15 }} ~ tallafin littafin karatu don nazarin Tsarin Makarantun 'Yanci na 1964 * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm Wurin Ilimi na Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091730/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm |date=2013-11-04 }} * [http://www.sfacs.us/ Sankofa Freedom Academy Charter School] * [http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html Bayani game da Bakin Al'umma Crusade ga Yara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030027/http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm Lokacin bazara da Makarantun 'Yanci] * [http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html Bayanin Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005845/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html |date=2008-04-22 }} * [http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Makarantun 'Yanci] ~ Taskar 'Yancin Jama'a * [http://chicagofreedomschool.org/ Makarantar 'Yanci ta Chicago] * [http://garyfreedomschool.org/ Makarantar Gary Freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002045/http://garyfreedomschool.org/ |date=2017-11-16 }} * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/sffreedomschool/ San Francisco Freedom School] * [http://www.sunflowerfreedom.org Aikin Yancin Yankin Sunflower] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qy2ja77vwkealwnlpkvucftk4lnln1x 974939 974938 2026-11-01T18:38:50Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 974939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Soldiers pay a special visit to about 300 children at Baghdad Airport Prima DVIDS10081.jpg|thumb|Makarantu masu yanci]] '''Makarantun Ƴanci''' sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|Amurkawa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cd14d4z14rko.amp&ved=2ahUKEwimo6-D8PuGAxW2WUEAHbh3DvcQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1QAeK_7xQYPB0tC6Nq_6zr</nowiki></ref>[[Afirkawan Amurka|, Afirka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/babban-jamiin-jks-ya-gana-da-tawagar-alkalai-daga-afrika/&ved=2ahUKEwjjvbGn8PuGAxXCaEEAHcs0AfcQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw349FxgdP9OCoBKS7yHKXjM</nowiki></ref> galibi a [[Kudu]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://aminiya.ng/abin-da-ke-hana-yan-arewa-cin-gajiyar-siyasa-a-kudu/&ved=2ahUKEwjs6p3J8PuGAxWaU0EAHQK7DUcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw1On7_irExTQtO79H5gWzlx</nowiki></ref>. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara [[Amurkawa]] na [[Afirka]] don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, [[siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1599283-ba-ku-tsoron-allah-malamin-musulunci-ya-kunyata-yan-siyasa-a-zaman-makokin-tsohon-gwamna/&ved=2ahUKEwi91-jk8PuGAxWyQ0EAHTUEAkYQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw1jK4heoBF9wUxoWu5qqZ36</nowiki></ref> da [[tattalin arziki]] a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964). == Tarihi == Duk da hukuncin Kotun Koli na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da huɗu (1954) a cikin ''Brown v.'' Shari'ar ''Hukumar Ilimi'' ta lalata tsarin makarantun kebe, a tsakiyar shekarar dubu daya da dari tara1960s Mississippi har yanzu tana kiyaye tsarin makarantar farare da "launi mara daidaituwa. A matsakaita, jihar ta kashe $81.66 don ilimantar da dalibi farar fata idan aka kwatanta da $21.77 kawai ga dalibi bakar fata. Mississippi ta kasance daya daga cikin jihohi biyu kacal a cikin kungiyar da ba su da dokar ilimi ta tilas kuma yara da yawa a yankunan karkara an tura su aiki a fagen kuma basu sami karancin ilimi kwata-kwata. Hatta manhajar karatu ta banbanta na fari da baki. A matsayin misali na yau da kullun, hukumar makarantar farar fata ta Bolivar County ta ba da umarnin cewa "Ba za a koyar da harsunan waje ko al'ada a makarantun Negro ba. Kuma ba za a koyar da tarihin Amurka daga shekarata 1860 zuwa 1875 ba." A karshen shekarata 1963, Charles Cobb, mai fafutuka na Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), ya ba da shawarar kungiyar ta dauki nauyin hanyar sadarwa na Makarantun 'Yanci, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar misalan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su a baya a wasu garuruwa. A lokacin bazara na shekarata 1963, hukumar ilimi ta gundumar Prince Edward County, Virginia ta rufe makarantun jama'a maimakon hada su bayan an gurfanar da su a shari'ar da ta biyo bayan ''Brown vs.'' ''Hukumar Ilimi'', don haka Makarantun 'Yanci suka bullo a madadinsu. A cikin Satumba, shekarar 1963, kimanin dalibai 3,000 ne suka halarci zanga-zangar Stay Out for [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|Freedom]] a [[Boston]], maimakon su halarci Makarantun 'Yanci na al'umma. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1963, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar 'Yanci, sama da dalibai 200,000 suka kaura cewa Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don nuna adawa da wariya da karancin yanayin makaranta, tare da wasu suna halartar Makarantun 'Yanci maimakon. Daga baya, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, shekarar 1964 a wata zanga-zangar ranar 'Yanci makamanciyar wannan, sama da dalibai 450,000 suka halarci kaura cewa makarantun jama'a na birnin New York a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girman zanga-zangar 'yancin dan adam na shekarata 1960s, kuma har zuwa dalibai 100,000 sun halarci madadin. Makarantun 'Yanci. == Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi == An habaka Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi a matsayin wani bangare na shekarata 1964 Freedom Summer yancin aikin, wani gagarumin kokari wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da ilmantar da daliban Mississippi don canjin zamantakewa. Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kasa (COFO) &#x2014; kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a na masu fafutuka da kudade da aka samo daga SNCC, CORE, NAACP, da SCLC &#x2014; a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, hadin gwiwar Freedom Summer. Ainihin aikin ya kasance yakin neman rajistar masu kada kuri’a a duk fadin jihar, kuma masu shirya zaben sun bukaci masu sa kai dubu daya su taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan aiki. Kuma Masu fafutuka sun yi shirin gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Demokradiyya mai kama da juna, saboda bakar fata masu jefa kuri'a cikin tsari ya haifar da wakilai masu farar fata zuwa Zaben shugaban kasa. Wadannan kokarce-kokarce sun kare a kirkirar Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party . Duka wakilan hukuma da Jam'iyyar Democratic Democratic Party ta Mississippi sun tafi taron a shekarata1964 na Democratic Democratic a Atlantic City, [[New Jersey]] . A cikin Disamba Shekarata 1963, a lokacin shirye-shiryen shirin bazara na 'Yanci mai zuwa, Charles Cobb ya ba da shawarar hanyar sadarwa ta "Makarantar 'Yanci" wacce za ta habaka shiga siyasa tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare na Mississippi, baya ga bayar da darussan ilimi da tattaunawa. Masu fafutuka da ke shirya aikin bazara na 'Yanci sun yarda da shawarar Cobb kuma a cikin Maris 1964 sun shirya taron tsara tsarin karatu a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a karkashin tallafin Majalisar Ikklisiya ta kasa . Farfesan tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman Staughton Lynd an nada shi Daraktan shirin Makarantar 'Yanci. A tsawon lokacin bazarar 'Yanci, an kafa Makarantun 'Yanci sama da 40 a cikin al'ummomin baki a duk fadin Mississippi. Manufar ita ce a yi kokarin kawo karshen kaura na siyasa na Amurkawa na Afirka ta hanyar karfafa dalibai su zama Yan kasa masu himma da shiga cikin al'umma a cikin al'umma. Sama da daliban Amurkawa 3,000 na Afirka sun halarci wadannan makarantu a lokacin rani na shekarata 1964. Dalibai sun kasance tun daga kanana yara zuwa manya masu matsakaicin shekaru 15. Malamai sun kasance masu aikin sa kai, yawancin su daliban koleji ne da kansu. <ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Freedom Schools] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> == Manufar siyasa da ilimi == An tsara Makarantun 'Yanci tare da manufofin siyasa da na ilimi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci za su ilimantar da daliban firamare da sakandare don zama wakilan canjin zamantakewa da za su shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a da ke gudana, galibi a kokarin rajistar masu zabe. Kuma An raba tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa sassa bakwai na asali wadanda suka yi nazarin yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin dangantakar kabilanci da kuma Kungiyar Hakkin Bil Adama. An karfafa habakar jagoranci, ban da karin kwarewar ilimi na gargajiya. Ilimin a Makarantun 'Yanci ya shafi dalibai ne kuma ya dace da al'ada. Sannan An gina manhajar karatu da koyarwa bisa bukatun daliban, an karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin dalibai da malamai (maimakon lacca) sannan masu tsara manhajoji sun karfafa wa malamai kwarin gwiwar yin koyarwa bisa kwarewar dalibansu. == Tsarin karatu == Bunkasa manhajar karatu ya ta’allaka ne da taron manhajar karatu, wanda ya kunshi malamai da daraktoci suna tattaunawa kan irin ilimin da za a koyar a makarantun ‘yanci. Dole ne malamai su rubuta jita-jita don tsara tsarin karatun su. An gaya musu su tuna yadda rayuwa take a Mississippi da dan gajeren lokacin da suke da shi don koyar da kayan. Dole ne tsarin karatun ya kasance mai son malamai kuma ya zama mai amfani ga dalibai nan da nan, tare da dogara kan tambayoyi da ayyuka. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tambayoyi da tattaunawa maimakon haddar gaskiya da kwanan wata. Kuma Umarnin ga malamai sun haɗa da: : Game da tsarin aji, tambaya shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Ba shi da ma'ana a cika daliban da bayanan da ba zai iya fahimta ba; tambaya ita ce hanyar wayewa. . . Darajar Makarantun 'Yanci za su samu ne daga abin da malamai ke iya ba wa dalibai ta fuskar fahimta da bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da taron manhajar ya tattaro Yan kasa na asali da asali daban-daban, kayyadaddun tsarin koyarwa na karshe ya kunshi abubuwa daga asali daban-daban kuma ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku. Bangarorin uku na manhajar Makarantun ‘Yanci su ne manhajar Ilimi, manhajar zama dan kasa, da Kuma manhajar nishadi. Manufar wadannan sassan shine don koya wa dalibai canjin zamantakewa a cikin makarantar; tarihin yanki; tarihin bakar fata; yadda ake amsa budaddiyar tambayoyi; da bunkasa fasahar ilimi. Manhajar Ilimi ta kunshi karatu, rubutu, da ayyukan baki wadanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da daliban ya samu. Tsarin karatun zama dan kasa shine don karfafa dalibai su yi tambayoyi game da al'umma. Tsarin Nishadi ya bukaci daliban ya kasance mai motsa jiki. A yawancin makarantu, Manhajar zama dan kasa ta mai da hankali kan nau'ikan tambayoyi biyu masu alaka don tattaunawar aji: : Me yasa muke (malamai da dalibai) a Makarantun 'Yanci? : Menene Kungiyar 'Yanci? : Wadanne hanyoyi ne kungiyar Freedom Movement ke ba mu? : Menene yawancin al'adun da muke so? : Menene yawancin al'adun da ba mu so? : Menene muke da shi da muke so mu kiyaye? == Shekara ta farko == An bude Makarantun 'Yanci a makon farko na Yuli shekarata 1964, bayan kusan malaman sa kai na Makarantar 'Yanci 250 sun halarci zaman horo na mako guda a Kwalejin Mata ta Yamma a Oxford, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . Shirye-shiryen na asali sun yi tsammanin Makarantun 'Yanci 25 da dalibai 1,000; a karshen bazara, an bude makarantu 41 ga dalibai sama da 2,500. An kafa Makarantun 'Yanci tare da taimako da jajircewar al'ummomin yankin, wadanda suka samar da gine-gine daban-daban na makarantu da gidaje ga malaman sa kai. Yayin da ake gudanar da wasu makarantun a wuraren shakatawa, dakunan girki, da gidajen zama, da kuma karkashin bishiyoyi, yawancin azuzuwan ana gudanar da su ne a cikin majami'u ko ginshiƙan coci. Halartar ta bambanta a duk lokacin bazara. Wasu makarantu sun sami daidaiton halarta, amma banda wannan. Saboda halartan taron bai zama tilas ba, daukar ma'aikata da kuma kula da zuwan kila shine kalubalen firamare da makarantun suka fuskanta. Kuma A Clarksdale, Mississippi, alal misali, matsakaicin yawan halartar dalibai a cikin makon farko ya kasance goma sha biyar, mako na biyu kuma takwas ne, amma a kowane lokaci a lokacin bazara, makarantar na iya samun halartar dalibai kusan talatin da biyar. Ba kasafai ba ne manya su rika zuwa aji akai-akai. An canza umarni bisa yanayin gida. A yankunan karkara da ake sa ran dalibai za su yi aiki a lokacin makaranta, yawanci ana yin karatu da daddare. A makarantun da ke kula da lokutan makaranta na al'ada, yawanci a cikin birane, ana ba da tsarin karatun zama dan kasa da kwasa-kwasan ilimi na gargajiya da safe kuma ana ba da azuzuwan na musamman kamar kida, wasan kwaikwayo, Kuma da buga rubutu da rana. A yawancin lokuta, za a kebe duk kwanakin makaranta don kokarin yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. Ya zama wajibi ga masu fafutuka na SNCC cewa za a saka hannun jari ga dalibai a ayyukan hakkin jama'a saboda ana sa ran wannan dalibai zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jihar don aiwatar da canjin zamantakewa. A ƙarshen lokacin Makarantar 'Yanci, masu fafutuka da dalibai sun shirya taron jagorancin dalibai a ranar 8 ga Agusta, shekarata 1964, ranar bayan jana'izar James Chaney, daya daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan Chaney, Goodman, da Schwerner . An gudanar da taron a Meridian, Mississippi, a tsohuwar Makarantar Baptist ta Meridian . An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "fadar da'irar Makarantar 'Yanci." Kowace Makarantar 'Yanci ta aika wakilai uku zuwa taron don samar da dandalin matasa don Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party. Wakilan daliban sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi ayyuka, makarantu, harkokin kasashen waje, da matsugunan jama'a tare da ba da shawarwari ga jam'iyyar jihar. A karshen taron, dalibai sun shirya wata sanarwa da ta bukaci samun masaukin jama'a, Kuma ka'idojin gine-gine na kowane gida, hadaddiyar makarantu, tsarin ayyukan jama'a, da kuma nada kwararrun baki zuwa mukaman jihohi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci da dalibai sun ci gaba da jajircewa kan manufar Makarantar 'Yanci. A farkon watan Agustan shekarata 1964, an shirya shirye-shiryen ci gaba da Makarantun 'Yanci a cikin shekarar makaranta mai zuwa, kuma wasu malaman sa kai sun riga sun amince su zauna. Dalibai sun yanke shawarar, duk da haka, yayin taron Makarantar 'Yanci a farkon watan Agusta don ba za su ci gaba da makarantun ba. Duk da haka dalibai sun aiwatar da jagoranci da gwagwarmayar da suka samu a lokacin bazara a makarantunsu. Wasu daliban sun koma makaranta kuma sun bukaci ingantattun kayan aiki da karin kwasa-kwasai. Dalibai a Philadelphia, Mississippi, sun dawo makaranta sanye da maballan "Mutum daya, Kuri'a daya" SNCC &#x2014; wanda aka kore su. == Makarantar Ranar Makarantar Freedom, Philadelphia == John E. Churchville ne ya kafa Laburaren 'Yanci na Philadelphia a shekarata 1964. A cikin Yan shekaru masu zuwa ya fara ba da azuzuwan yamma kuma daga karshe ya mai da dakin karatu zuwa makaranta. Bayan kafuwar wannan makaranta, ya shirya gajerun kasidu da aka buga a cikin littafin, ''What Black Educators Are Saying'', wanda [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/24/obituaries/nathan-wright-jr-black-power-advocate-dies-at-81.html Nathan Wright Jr. ya] shirya kuma aka buga a shekarata 1970. Wannan makala ta kunshi yawancin tunanin Churchville game da yanayin motsi na Black Power da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na koyarwa na sabuwar Makarantar 'Yanci. Ya raina ra'ayoyin duka kungiyoyin al'adu da masu ci gaban kasa a matsayin facade kuma ba hakora ba. A gare shi, Harkar kishin kasa ta juyin juya hali wacce ta yi kira ga cikakken juyin juya hali a nan da kuma ko'ina a doron kasa, ita ce mafi inganci da gaskiya ga ka'idojinta. Sun gano batutuwan cikin rukuni da na daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar bakar fata a Amurka kuma hanya daya tilo ta zama dan juyin juya hali da gaske ita ce ta sake haihuwa; wani iko na waje ya yi aiki wanda ya fara kawar da ku daga wadannan gazawar. Makarantun da kansu sun dogara ne akan tsari mai sauki na fifiko. Idan ilimi shine shigar matasa cikin tsarin akida, to dole ne Makarantar 'Yanci ta sake ilmantar da yaran bakaken fata su yi watsi da babbar akida tare da gina sabon tsari. Don yin wannan, kashi na farko na koyarwa da za a kafa dole ne ya zama sabuwar akidar makarantar. Bayan haka, Kuma dole ne a nemo malaman da za su iya dinke barakar da ke tsakanin asali da kuma ketare, kasancewar su darasi ne ga dalibansu na ciki da wajen aji. A karshe, an tsara tsarin karatun don bayyana ainihin halin da baƙar fata ke ciki da kuma koyar da kayan aiki da kwarewa don magance wannan gaskiyar. Tsarin karatun kamar yadda Churchville ya bayyana abin hawa ne kawai don koyar da gaskiyar juyin juya hali; abubuwan da ke ciki galibi basu da mahimmanci kamar yadda bincike ne wanda zai nuna gaskiyar. Hukumar FBI ta kai farmaki makarantar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarata 1966, bisa zargin tanada kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda. Bayan farmakin, Churchville ya daina fafutuka. == Gado == Za a iya ganin wani bangare na gadon Makarantar 'Yanci a cikin makarantun da ke rike da suna a yau: Akwesasne Freedom School a kan Mohawk Indian ajiyar ; Makarantun 'Yanci a St. Louis, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da [[Chicago]], Illinois, Tyree Scott Freedom School a Seattle, Washington, da Makarantar 'Yanci ta Paulo Freire a Tucson, Arizona. Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) yana gudanar da shirin Makarantar 'Yanci na zamani a duk fadin kasar. An hada wannan shirin ta hanyar bakar fata Al'umma na Crusade don Yara na Asusun Tsaro na Yara. Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF na kasa yana aiki sama da wuraren shirye-shiryen bazara 130 a cikin jihohi 24 a fadin kasar wadanda ke hidima ga yara kusan 12,000. A [[Michigan]] kungiyar Black Radical Congress a [[Detroit]] ta kaddamar da kamfen don kirkirar samfuri bisa ga Makarantun 'Yanci. Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia yunƙuyri ne na ilimin al'umma mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sigar zamani na tsarin karatun Mississippi tare da mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, Kuma aikin zamantakewa da jagoranci tsakanin tsararraki. Ana shirya Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2010-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419163246/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta hanyar hukumar jagora, Al'umma A Makarantu. <ref>http://www.cisphl.org</ref> Jami'ar 'Yanci [[Atlanta|ta Atlanta]], makarantar 'yanci ta zamani kuma makaranta ce kawai a cikin duniya inda duk dalibai ba su da takardar izinin shiga ba tare da izini ba, suna ba da kyauta na koyarwa, sannan tsarin karatun koleji na 'yanci wanda ke taimakawa matasa marasa izini su sami ilimi mafi girma. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ruleville, Mississippi * Gluckstadt, Mississippi * Carthage, Mississippi == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * William Sturkey da Jon N. Hale (eds. ), ''Don Rubuta cikin Hasken 'Yanci: Jaridu na Makarantun 'Yancin Mississippi na 1964.'' Jackson, MS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Mississippi, 2015. * Jon N. Hale, ''Makarantun 'Yanci: Masu fafutuka na dalibai a cikin Kungiyar Hakkin Bil'adama ta Mississippi'' . (New York: Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2016) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum] * [http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html/ Tarihin Makarantar 'Yanci ta Mississippi & Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203045010/http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 Darussa daga Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115163305/http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 |date=2017-01-15 }} ~ tallafin littafin karatu don nazarin Tsarin Makarantun 'Yanci na 1964 * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm Wurin Ilimi na Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091730/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm |date=2013-11-04 }} * [http://www.sfacs.us/ Sankofa Freedom Academy Charter School] * [http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html Bayani game da Bakin Al'umma Crusade ga Yara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030027/http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm Lokacin bazara da Makarantun 'Yanci] * [http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html Bayanin Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005845/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html |date=2008-04-22 }} * [http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Makarantun 'Yanci] ~ Taskar 'Yancin Jama'a * [http://chicagofreedomschool.org/ Makarantar 'Yanci ta Chicago] * [http://garyfreedomschool.org/ Makarantar Gary Freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002045/http://garyfreedomschool.org/ |date=2017-11-16 }} * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/sffreedomschool/ San Francisco Freedom School] * [http://www.sunflowerfreedom.org Aikin Yancin Yankin Sunflower] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] n1gy0u56glbbh3sp5nw7jrt077rrrxe 974940 974939 2026-11-01T18:39:25Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 974940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Soldiers pay a special visit to about 300 children at Baghdad Airport Prima DVIDS10081.jpg|thumb|Makarantu masu yanci]] '''Makarantun Ƴanci''' sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|Amurkawa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cd14d4z14rko.amp&ved=2ahUKEwimo6-D8PuGAxW2WUEAHbh3DvcQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1QAeK_7xQYPB0tC6Nq_6zr</nowiki></ref>[[Afirkawan Amurka|, Afirka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/babban-jamiin-jks-ya-gana-da-tawagar-alkalai-daga-afrika/&ved=2ahUKEwjjvbGn8PuGAxXCaEEAHcs0AfcQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw349FxgdP9OCoBKS7yHKXjM</nowiki></ref> galibi a [[Kudu]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://aminiya.ng/abin-da-ke-hana-yan-arewa-cin-gajiyar-siyasa-a-kudu/&ved=2ahUKEwjs6p3J8PuGAxWaU0EAHQK7DUcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw1On7_irExTQtO79H5gWzlx</nowiki></ref>. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara [[Amurkawa]] na [[Afirka]] don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, [[siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1599283-ba-ku-tsoron-allah-malamin-musulunci-ya-kunyata-yan-siyasa-a-zaman-makokin-tsohon-gwamna/&ved=2ahUKEwi91-jk8PuGAxWyQ0EAHTUEAkYQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw1jK4heoBF9wUxoWu5qqZ36</nowiki></ref> da [[tattalin arziki]] a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964). == Tarihi == Duk da hukuncin Kotun Koli na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da huɗu (1954) a cikin ''Brown v.'' Shari'ar ''Hukumar Ilimi'' ta lalata tsarin makarantun kebe, a tsakiyar shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da1960s Mississippi har yanzu tana kiyaye tsarin makarantar farare da "launi mara daidaituwa. A matsakaita, jihar ta kashe $81.66 don ilimantar da dalibi farar fata idan aka kwatanta da $21.77 kawai ga dalibi bakar fata. Mississippi ta kasance daya daga cikin jihohi biyu kacal a cikin kungiyar da ba su da dokar ilimi ta tilas kuma yara da yawa a yankunan karkara an tura su aiki a fagen kuma basu sami karancin ilimi kwata-kwata. Hatta manhajar karatu ta banbanta na fari da baki. A matsayin misali na yau da kullun, hukumar makarantar farar fata ta Bolivar County ta ba da umarnin cewa "Ba za a koyar da harsunan waje ko al'ada a makarantun Negro ba. Kuma ba za a koyar da tarihin Amurka daga shekarata 1860 zuwa 1875 ba." A karshen shekarata 1963, Charles Cobb, mai fafutuka na Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), ya ba da shawarar kungiyar ta dauki nauyin hanyar sadarwa na Makarantun 'Yanci, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar misalan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su a baya a wasu garuruwa. A lokacin bazara na shekarata 1963, hukumar ilimi ta gundumar Prince Edward County, Virginia ta rufe makarantun jama'a maimakon hada su bayan an gurfanar da su a shari'ar da ta biyo bayan ''Brown vs.'' ''Hukumar Ilimi'', don haka Makarantun 'Yanci suka bullo a madadinsu. A cikin Satumba, shekarar 1963, kimanin dalibai 3,000 ne suka halarci zanga-zangar Stay Out for [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|Freedom]] a [[Boston]], maimakon su halarci Makarantun 'Yanci na al'umma. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1963, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar 'Yanci, sama da dalibai 200,000 suka kaura cewa Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don nuna adawa da wariya da karancin yanayin makaranta, tare da wasu suna halartar Makarantun 'Yanci maimakon. Daga baya, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, shekarar 1964 a wata zanga-zangar ranar 'Yanci makamanciyar wannan, sama da dalibai 450,000 suka halarci kaura cewa makarantun jama'a na birnin New York a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girman zanga-zangar 'yancin dan adam na shekarata 1960s, kuma har zuwa dalibai 100,000 sun halarci madadin. Makarantun 'Yanci. == Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi == An habaka Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi a matsayin wani bangare na shekarata 1964 Freedom Summer yancin aikin, wani gagarumin kokari wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da ilmantar da daliban Mississippi don canjin zamantakewa. Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kasa (COFO) &#x2014; kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a na masu fafutuka da kudade da aka samo daga SNCC, CORE, NAACP, da SCLC &#x2014; a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, hadin gwiwar Freedom Summer. Ainihin aikin ya kasance yakin neman rajistar masu kada kuri’a a duk fadin jihar, kuma masu shirya zaben sun bukaci masu sa kai dubu daya su taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan aiki. Kuma Masu fafutuka sun yi shirin gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Demokradiyya mai kama da juna, saboda bakar fata masu jefa kuri'a cikin tsari ya haifar da wakilai masu farar fata zuwa Zaben shugaban kasa. Wadannan kokarce-kokarce sun kare a kirkirar Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party . Duka wakilan hukuma da Jam'iyyar Democratic Democratic Party ta Mississippi sun tafi taron a shekarata1964 na Democratic Democratic a Atlantic City, [[New Jersey]] . A cikin Disamba Shekarata 1963, a lokacin shirye-shiryen shirin bazara na 'Yanci mai zuwa, Charles Cobb ya ba da shawarar hanyar sadarwa ta "Makarantar 'Yanci" wacce za ta habaka shiga siyasa tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare na Mississippi, baya ga bayar da darussan ilimi da tattaunawa. Masu fafutuka da ke shirya aikin bazara na 'Yanci sun yarda da shawarar Cobb kuma a cikin Maris 1964 sun shirya taron tsara tsarin karatu a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a karkashin tallafin Majalisar Ikklisiya ta kasa . Farfesan tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman Staughton Lynd an nada shi Daraktan shirin Makarantar 'Yanci. A tsawon lokacin bazarar 'Yanci, an kafa Makarantun 'Yanci sama da 40 a cikin al'ummomin baki a duk fadin Mississippi. Manufar ita ce a yi kokarin kawo karshen kaura na siyasa na Amurkawa na Afirka ta hanyar karfafa dalibai su zama Yan kasa masu himma da shiga cikin al'umma a cikin al'umma. Sama da daliban Amurkawa 3,000 na Afirka sun halarci wadannan makarantu a lokacin rani na shekarata 1964. Dalibai sun kasance tun daga kanana yara zuwa manya masu matsakaicin shekaru 15. Malamai sun kasance masu aikin sa kai, yawancin su daliban koleji ne da kansu. <ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Freedom Schools] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> == Manufar siyasa da ilimi == An tsara Makarantun 'Yanci tare da manufofin siyasa da na ilimi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci za su ilimantar da daliban firamare da sakandare don zama wakilan canjin zamantakewa da za su shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a da ke gudana, galibi a kokarin rajistar masu zabe. Kuma An raba tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa sassa bakwai na asali wadanda suka yi nazarin yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin dangantakar kabilanci da kuma Kungiyar Hakkin Bil Adama. An karfafa habakar jagoranci, ban da karin kwarewar ilimi na gargajiya. Ilimin a Makarantun 'Yanci ya shafi dalibai ne kuma ya dace da al'ada. Sannan An gina manhajar karatu da koyarwa bisa bukatun daliban, an karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin dalibai da malamai (maimakon lacca) sannan masu tsara manhajoji sun karfafa wa malamai kwarin gwiwar yin koyarwa bisa kwarewar dalibansu. == Tsarin karatu == Bunkasa manhajar karatu ya ta’allaka ne da taron manhajar karatu, wanda ya kunshi malamai da daraktoci suna tattaunawa kan irin ilimin da za a koyar a makarantun ‘yanci. Dole ne malamai su rubuta jita-jita don tsara tsarin karatun su. An gaya musu su tuna yadda rayuwa take a Mississippi da dan gajeren lokacin da suke da shi don koyar da kayan. Dole ne tsarin karatun ya kasance mai son malamai kuma ya zama mai amfani ga dalibai nan da nan, tare da dogara kan tambayoyi da ayyuka. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tambayoyi da tattaunawa maimakon haddar gaskiya da kwanan wata. Kuma Umarnin ga malamai sun haɗa da: : Game da tsarin aji, tambaya shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Ba shi da ma'ana a cika daliban da bayanan da ba zai iya fahimta ba; tambaya ita ce hanyar wayewa. . . Darajar Makarantun 'Yanci za su samu ne daga abin da malamai ke iya ba wa dalibai ta fuskar fahimta da bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da taron manhajar ya tattaro Yan kasa na asali da asali daban-daban, kayyadaddun tsarin koyarwa na karshe ya kunshi abubuwa daga asali daban-daban kuma ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku. Bangarorin uku na manhajar Makarantun ‘Yanci su ne manhajar Ilimi, manhajar zama dan kasa, da Kuma manhajar nishadi. Manufar wadannan sassan shine don koya wa dalibai canjin zamantakewa a cikin makarantar; tarihin yanki; tarihin bakar fata; yadda ake amsa budaddiyar tambayoyi; da bunkasa fasahar ilimi. Manhajar Ilimi ta kunshi karatu, rubutu, da ayyukan baki wadanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da daliban ya samu. Tsarin karatun zama dan kasa shine don karfafa dalibai su yi tambayoyi game da al'umma. Tsarin Nishadi ya bukaci daliban ya kasance mai motsa jiki. A yawancin makarantu, Manhajar zama dan kasa ta mai da hankali kan nau'ikan tambayoyi biyu masu alaka don tattaunawar aji: : Me yasa muke (malamai da dalibai) a Makarantun 'Yanci? : Menene Kungiyar 'Yanci? : Wadanne hanyoyi ne kungiyar Freedom Movement ke ba mu? : Menene yawancin al'adun da muke so? : Menene yawancin al'adun da ba mu so? : Menene muke da shi da muke so mu kiyaye? == Shekara ta farko == An bude Makarantun 'Yanci a makon farko na Yuli shekarata 1964, bayan kusan malaman sa kai na Makarantar 'Yanci 250 sun halarci zaman horo na mako guda a Kwalejin Mata ta Yamma a Oxford, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . Shirye-shiryen na asali sun yi tsammanin Makarantun 'Yanci 25 da dalibai 1,000; a karshen bazara, an bude makarantu 41 ga dalibai sama da 2,500. An kafa Makarantun 'Yanci tare da taimako da jajircewar al'ummomin yankin, wadanda suka samar da gine-gine daban-daban na makarantu da gidaje ga malaman sa kai. Yayin da ake gudanar da wasu makarantun a wuraren shakatawa, dakunan girki, da gidajen zama, da kuma karkashin bishiyoyi, yawancin azuzuwan ana gudanar da su ne a cikin majami'u ko ginshiƙan coci. Halartar ta bambanta a duk lokacin bazara. Wasu makarantu sun sami daidaiton halarta, amma banda wannan. Saboda halartan taron bai zama tilas ba, daukar ma'aikata da kuma kula da zuwan kila shine kalubalen firamare da makarantun suka fuskanta. Kuma A Clarksdale, Mississippi, alal misali, matsakaicin yawan halartar dalibai a cikin makon farko ya kasance goma sha biyar, mako na biyu kuma takwas ne, amma a kowane lokaci a lokacin bazara, makarantar na iya samun halartar dalibai kusan talatin da biyar. Ba kasafai ba ne manya su rika zuwa aji akai-akai. An canza umarni bisa yanayin gida. A yankunan karkara da ake sa ran dalibai za su yi aiki a lokacin makaranta, yawanci ana yin karatu da daddare. A makarantun da ke kula da lokutan makaranta na al'ada, yawanci a cikin birane, ana ba da tsarin karatun zama dan kasa da kwasa-kwasan ilimi na gargajiya da safe kuma ana ba da azuzuwan na musamman kamar kida, wasan kwaikwayo, Kuma da buga rubutu da rana. A yawancin lokuta, za a kebe duk kwanakin makaranta don kokarin yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. Ya zama wajibi ga masu fafutuka na SNCC cewa za a saka hannun jari ga dalibai a ayyukan hakkin jama'a saboda ana sa ran wannan dalibai zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jihar don aiwatar da canjin zamantakewa. A ƙarshen lokacin Makarantar 'Yanci, masu fafutuka da dalibai sun shirya taron jagorancin dalibai a ranar 8 ga Agusta, shekarata 1964, ranar bayan jana'izar James Chaney, daya daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan Chaney, Goodman, da Schwerner . An gudanar da taron a Meridian, Mississippi, a tsohuwar Makarantar Baptist ta Meridian . An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "fadar da'irar Makarantar 'Yanci." Kowace Makarantar 'Yanci ta aika wakilai uku zuwa taron don samar da dandalin matasa don Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party. Wakilan daliban sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi ayyuka, makarantu, harkokin kasashen waje, da matsugunan jama'a tare da ba da shawarwari ga jam'iyyar jihar. A karshen taron, dalibai sun shirya wata sanarwa da ta bukaci samun masaukin jama'a, Kuma ka'idojin gine-gine na kowane gida, hadaddiyar makarantu, tsarin ayyukan jama'a, da kuma nada kwararrun baki zuwa mukaman jihohi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci da dalibai sun ci gaba da jajircewa kan manufar Makarantar 'Yanci. A farkon watan Agustan shekarata 1964, an shirya shirye-shiryen ci gaba da Makarantun 'Yanci a cikin shekarar makaranta mai zuwa, kuma wasu malaman sa kai sun riga sun amince su zauna. Dalibai sun yanke shawarar, duk da haka, yayin taron Makarantar 'Yanci a farkon watan Agusta don ba za su ci gaba da makarantun ba. Duk da haka dalibai sun aiwatar da jagoranci da gwagwarmayar da suka samu a lokacin bazara a makarantunsu. Wasu daliban sun koma makaranta kuma sun bukaci ingantattun kayan aiki da karin kwasa-kwasai. Dalibai a Philadelphia, Mississippi, sun dawo makaranta sanye da maballan "Mutum daya, Kuri'a daya" SNCC &#x2014; wanda aka kore su. == Makarantar Ranar Makarantar Freedom, Philadelphia == John E. Churchville ne ya kafa Laburaren 'Yanci na Philadelphia a shekarata 1964. A cikin Yan shekaru masu zuwa ya fara ba da azuzuwan yamma kuma daga karshe ya mai da dakin karatu zuwa makaranta. Bayan kafuwar wannan makaranta, ya shirya gajerun kasidu da aka buga a cikin littafin, ''What Black Educators Are Saying'', wanda [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/24/obituaries/nathan-wright-jr-black-power-advocate-dies-at-81.html Nathan Wright Jr. ya] shirya kuma aka buga a shekarata 1970. Wannan makala ta kunshi yawancin tunanin Churchville game da yanayin motsi na Black Power da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na koyarwa na sabuwar Makarantar 'Yanci. Ya raina ra'ayoyin duka kungiyoyin al'adu da masu ci gaban kasa a matsayin facade kuma ba hakora ba. A gare shi, Harkar kishin kasa ta juyin juya hali wacce ta yi kira ga cikakken juyin juya hali a nan da kuma ko'ina a doron kasa, ita ce mafi inganci da gaskiya ga ka'idojinta. Sun gano batutuwan cikin rukuni da na daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar bakar fata a Amurka kuma hanya daya tilo ta zama dan juyin juya hali da gaske ita ce ta sake haihuwa; wani iko na waje ya yi aiki wanda ya fara kawar da ku daga wadannan gazawar. Makarantun da kansu sun dogara ne akan tsari mai sauki na fifiko. Idan ilimi shine shigar matasa cikin tsarin akida, to dole ne Makarantar 'Yanci ta sake ilmantar da yaran bakaken fata su yi watsi da babbar akida tare da gina sabon tsari. Don yin wannan, kashi na farko na koyarwa da za a kafa dole ne ya zama sabuwar akidar makarantar. Bayan haka, Kuma dole ne a nemo malaman da za su iya dinke barakar da ke tsakanin asali da kuma ketare, kasancewar su darasi ne ga dalibansu na ciki da wajen aji. A karshe, an tsara tsarin karatun don bayyana ainihin halin da baƙar fata ke ciki da kuma koyar da kayan aiki da kwarewa don magance wannan gaskiyar. Tsarin karatun kamar yadda Churchville ya bayyana abin hawa ne kawai don koyar da gaskiyar juyin juya hali; abubuwan da ke ciki galibi basu da mahimmanci kamar yadda bincike ne wanda zai nuna gaskiyar. Hukumar FBI ta kai farmaki makarantar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarata 1966, bisa zargin tanada kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda. Bayan farmakin, Churchville ya daina fafutuka. == Gado == Za a iya ganin wani bangare na gadon Makarantar 'Yanci a cikin makarantun da ke rike da suna a yau: Akwesasne Freedom School a kan Mohawk Indian ajiyar ; Makarantun 'Yanci a St. Louis, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da [[Chicago]], Illinois, Tyree Scott Freedom School a Seattle, Washington, da Makarantar 'Yanci ta Paulo Freire a Tucson, Arizona. Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) yana gudanar da shirin Makarantar 'Yanci na zamani a duk fadin kasar. An hada wannan shirin ta hanyar bakar fata Al'umma na Crusade don Yara na Asusun Tsaro na Yara. Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF na kasa yana aiki sama da wuraren shirye-shiryen bazara 130 a cikin jihohi 24 a fadin kasar wadanda ke hidima ga yara kusan 12,000. A [[Michigan]] kungiyar Black Radical Congress a [[Detroit]] ta kaddamar da kamfen don kirkirar samfuri bisa ga Makarantun 'Yanci. Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia yunƙuyri ne na ilimin al'umma mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sigar zamani na tsarin karatun Mississippi tare da mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, Kuma aikin zamantakewa da jagoranci tsakanin tsararraki. Ana shirya Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2010-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419163246/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta hanyar hukumar jagora, Al'umma A Makarantu. <ref>http://www.cisphl.org</ref> Jami'ar 'Yanci [[Atlanta|ta Atlanta]], makarantar 'yanci ta zamani kuma makaranta ce kawai a cikin duniya inda duk dalibai ba su da takardar izinin shiga ba tare da izini ba, suna ba da kyauta na koyarwa, sannan tsarin karatun koleji na 'yanci wanda ke taimakawa matasa marasa izini su sami ilimi mafi girma. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ruleville, Mississippi * Gluckstadt, Mississippi * Carthage, Mississippi == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * William Sturkey da Jon N. Hale (eds. ), ''Don Rubuta cikin Hasken 'Yanci: Jaridu na Makarantun 'Yancin Mississippi na 1964.'' Jackson, MS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Mississippi, 2015. * Jon N. Hale, ''Makarantun 'Yanci: Masu fafutuka na dalibai a cikin Kungiyar Hakkin Bil'adama ta Mississippi'' . (New York: Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2016) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum] * [http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html/ Tarihin Makarantar 'Yanci ta Mississippi & Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203045010/http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 Darussa daga Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115163305/http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 |date=2017-01-15 }} ~ tallafin littafin karatu don nazarin Tsarin Makarantun 'Yanci na 1964 * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm Wurin Ilimi na Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091730/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm |date=2013-11-04 }} * [http://www.sfacs.us/ Sankofa Freedom Academy Charter School] * [http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html Bayani game da Bakin Al'umma Crusade ga Yara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030027/http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm Lokacin bazara da Makarantun 'Yanci] * [http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html Bayanin Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005845/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html |date=2008-04-22 }} * [http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Makarantun 'Yanci] ~ Taskar 'Yancin Jama'a * [http://chicagofreedomschool.org/ Makarantar 'Yanci ta Chicago] * [http://garyfreedomschool.org/ Makarantar Gary Freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002045/http://garyfreedomschool.org/ |date=2017-11-16 }} * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/sffreedomschool/ San Francisco Freedom School] * [http://www.sunflowerfreedom.org Aikin Yancin Yankin Sunflower] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] blf1p5z0zh3h4tot94dnhyfh0igrnp4 974941 974940 2026-11-01T18:40:02Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 974941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Soldiers pay a special visit to about 300 children at Baghdad Airport Prima DVIDS10081.jpg|thumb|Makarantu masu yanci]] '''Makarantun Ƴanci''' sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|Amurkawa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cd14d4z14rko.amp&ved=2ahUKEwimo6-D8PuGAxW2WUEAHbh3DvcQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1QAeK_7xQYPB0tC6Nq_6zr</nowiki></ref>[[Afirkawan Amurka|, Afirka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/babban-jamiin-jks-ya-gana-da-tawagar-alkalai-daga-afrika/&ved=2ahUKEwjjvbGn8PuGAxXCaEEAHcs0AfcQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw349FxgdP9OCoBKS7yHKXjM</nowiki></ref> galibi a [[Kudu]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://aminiya.ng/abin-da-ke-hana-yan-arewa-cin-gajiyar-siyasa-a-kudu/&ved=2ahUKEwjs6p3J8PuGAxWaU0EAHQK7DUcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw1On7_irExTQtO79H5gWzlx</nowiki></ref>. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara [[Amurkawa]] na [[Afirka]] don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, [[siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1599283-ba-ku-tsoron-allah-malamin-musulunci-ya-kunyata-yan-siyasa-a-zaman-makokin-tsohon-gwamna/&ved=2ahUKEwi91-jk8PuGAxWyQ0EAHTUEAkYQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw1jK4heoBF9wUxoWu5qqZ36</nowiki></ref> da [[tattalin arziki]] a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964). == Tarihi == Duk da hukuncin Kotun Koli na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da huɗu (1954) a cikin ''Brown v.'' Shari'ar ''Hukumar Ilimi'' ta lalata tsarin makarantun kebe, a tsakiyar shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da sittin da 1960s Mississippi har yanzu tana kiyaye tsarin makarantar farare da "launi mara daidaituwa. A matsakaita, jihar ta kashe $81.66 don ilimantar da dalibi farar fata idan aka kwatanta da $21.77 kawai ga dalibi bakar fata. Mississippi ta kasance daya daga cikin jihohi biyu kacal a cikin kungiyar da ba su da dokar ilimi ta tilas kuma yara da yawa a yankunan karkara an tura su aiki a fagen kuma basu sami karancin ilimi kwata-kwata. Hatta manhajar karatu ta banbanta na fari da baki. A matsayin misali na yau da kullun, hukumar makarantar farar fata ta Bolivar County ta ba da umarnin cewa "Ba za a koyar da harsunan waje ko al'ada a makarantun Negro ba. Kuma ba za a koyar da tarihin Amurka daga shekarata 1860 zuwa 1875 ba." A karshen shekarata 1963, Charles Cobb, mai fafutuka na Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), ya ba da shawarar kungiyar ta dauki nauyin hanyar sadarwa na Makarantun 'Yanci, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar misalan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su a baya a wasu garuruwa. A lokacin bazara na shekarata 1963, hukumar ilimi ta gundumar Prince Edward County, Virginia ta rufe makarantun jama'a maimakon hada su bayan an gurfanar da su a shari'ar da ta biyo bayan ''Brown vs.'' ''Hukumar Ilimi'', don haka Makarantun 'Yanci suka bullo a madadinsu. A cikin Satumba, shekarar 1963, kimanin dalibai 3,000 ne suka halarci zanga-zangar Stay Out for [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|Freedom]] a [[Boston]], maimakon su halarci Makarantun 'Yanci na al'umma. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1963, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar 'Yanci, sama da dalibai 200,000 suka kaura cewa Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don nuna adawa da wariya da karancin yanayin makaranta, tare da wasu suna halartar Makarantun 'Yanci maimakon. Daga baya, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, shekarar 1964 a wata zanga-zangar ranar 'Yanci makamanciyar wannan, sama da dalibai 450,000 suka halarci kaura cewa makarantun jama'a na birnin New York a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girman zanga-zangar 'yancin dan adam na shekarata 1960s, kuma har zuwa dalibai 100,000 sun halarci madadin. Makarantun 'Yanci. == Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi == An habaka Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi a matsayin wani bangare na shekarata 1964 Freedom Summer yancin aikin, wani gagarumin kokari wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da ilmantar da daliban Mississippi don canjin zamantakewa. Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kasa (COFO) &#x2014; kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a na masu fafutuka da kudade da aka samo daga SNCC, CORE, NAACP, da SCLC &#x2014; a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, hadin gwiwar Freedom Summer. Ainihin aikin ya kasance yakin neman rajistar masu kada kuri’a a duk fadin jihar, kuma masu shirya zaben sun bukaci masu sa kai dubu daya su taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan aiki. Kuma Masu fafutuka sun yi shirin gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Demokradiyya mai kama da juna, saboda bakar fata masu jefa kuri'a cikin tsari ya haifar da wakilai masu farar fata zuwa Zaben shugaban kasa. Wadannan kokarce-kokarce sun kare a kirkirar Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party . Duka wakilan hukuma da Jam'iyyar Democratic Democratic Party ta Mississippi sun tafi taron a shekarata1964 na Democratic Democratic a Atlantic City, [[New Jersey]] . A cikin Disamba Shekarata 1963, a lokacin shirye-shiryen shirin bazara na 'Yanci mai zuwa, Charles Cobb ya ba da shawarar hanyar sadarwa ta "Makarantar 'Yanci" wacce za ta habaka shiga siyasa tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare na Mississippi, baya ga bayar da darussan ilimi da tattaunawa. Masu fafutuka da ke shirya aikin bazara na 'Yanci sun yarda da shawarar Cobb kuma a cikin Maris 1964 sun shirya taron tsara tsarin karatu a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a karkashin tallafin Majalisar Ikklisiya ta kasa . Farfesan tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman Staughton Lynd an nada shi Daraktan shirin Makarantar 'Yanci. A tsawon lokacin bazarar 'Yanci, an kafa Makarantun 'Yanci sama da 40 a cikin al'ummomin baki a duk fadin Mississippi. Manufar ita ce a yi kokarin kawo karshen kaura na siyasa na Amurkawa na Afirka ta hanyar karfafa dalibai su zama Yan kasa masu himma da shiga cikin al'umma a cikin al'umma. Sama da daliban Amurkawa 3,000 na Afirka sun halarci wadannan makarantu a lokacin rani na shekarata 1964. Dalibai sun kasance tun daga kanana yara zuwa manya masu matsakaicin shekaru 15. Malamai sun kasance masu aikin sa kai, yawancin su daliban koleji ne da kansu. <ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Freedom Schools] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> == Manufar siyasa da ilimi == An tsara Makarantun 'Yanci tare da manufofin siyasa da na ilimi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci za su ilimantar da daliban firamare da sakandare don zama wakilan canjin zamantakewa da za su shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a da ke gudana, galibi a kokarin rajistar masu zabe. Kuma An raba tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa sassa bakwai na asali wadanda suka yi nazarin yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin dangantakar kabilanci da kuma Kungiyar Hakkin Bil Adama. An karfafa habakar jagoranci, ban da karin kwarewar ilimi na gargajiya. Ilimin a Makarantun 'Yanci ya shafi dalibai ne kuma ya dace da al'ada. Sannan An gina manhajar karatu da koyarwa bisa bukatun daliban, an karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin dalibai da malamai (maimakon lacca) sannan masu tsara manhajoji sun karfafa wa malamai kwarin gwiwar yin koyarwa bisa kwarewar dalibansu. == Tsarin karatu == Bunkasa manhajar karatu ya ta’allaka ne da taron manhajar karatu, wanda ya kunshi malamai da daraktoci suna tattaunawa kan irin ilimin da za a koyar a makarantun ‘yanci. Dole ne malamai su rubuta jita-jita don tsara tsarin karatun su. An gaya musu su tuna yadda rayuwa take a Mississippi da dan gajeren lokacin da suke da shi don koyar da kayan. Dole ne tsarin karatun ya kasance mai son malamai kuma ya zama mai amfani ga dalibai nan da nan, tare da dogara kan tambayoyi da ayyuka. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tambayoyi da tattaunawa maimakon haddar gaskiya da kwanan wata. Kuma Umarnin ga malamai sun haɗa da: : Game da tsarin aji, tambaya shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Ba shi da ma'ana a cika daliban da bayanan da ba zai iya fahimta ba; tambaya ita ce hanyar wayewa. . . Darajar Makarantun 'Yanci za su samu ne daga abin da malamai ke iya ba wa dalibai ta fuskar fahimta da bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da taron manhajar ya tattaro Yan kasa na asali da asali daban-daban, kayyadaddun tsarin koyarwa na karshe ya kunshi abubuwa daga asali daban-daban kuma ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku. Bangarorin uku na manhajar Makarantun ‘Yanci su ne manhajar Ilimi, manhajar zama dan kasa, da Kuma manhajar nishadi. Manufar wadannan sassan shine don koya wa dalibai canjin zamantakewa a cikin makarantar; tarihin yanki; tarihin bakar fata; yadda ake amsa budaddiyar tambayoyi; da bunkasa fasahar ilimi. Manhajar Ilimi ta kunshi karatu, rubutu, da ayyukan baki wadanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da daliban ya samu. Tsarin karatun zama dan kasa shine don karfafa dalibai su yi tambayoyi game da al'umma. Tsarin Nishadi ya bukaci daliban ya kasance mai motsa jiki. A yawancin makarantu, Manhajar zama dan kasa ta mai da hankali kan nau'ikan tambayoyi biyu masu alaka don tattaunawar aji: : Me yasa muke (malamai da dalibai) a Makarantun 'Yanci? : Menene Kungiyar 'Yanci? : Wadanne hanyoyi ne kungiyar Freedom Movement ke ba mu? : Menene yawancin al'adun da muke so? : Menene yawancin al'adun da ba mu so? : Menene muke da shi da muke so mu kiyaye? == Shekara ta farko == An bude Makarantun 'Yanci a makon farko na Yuli shekarata 1964, bayan kusan malaman sa kai na Makarantar 'Yanci 250 sun halarci zaman horo na mako guda a Kwalejin Mata ta Yamma a Oxford, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . Shirye-shiryen na asali sun yi tsammanin Makarantun 'Yanci 25 da dalibai 1,000; a karshen bazara, an bude makarantu 41 ga dalibai sama da 2,500. An kafa Makarantun 'Yanci tare da taimako da jajircewar al'ummomin yankin, wadanda suka samar da gine-gine daban-daban na makarantu da gidaje ga malaman sa kai. Yayin da ake gudanar da wasu makarantun a wuraren shakatawa, dakunan girki, da gidajen zama, da kuma karkashin bishiyoyi, yawancin azuzuwan ana gudanar da su ne a cikin majami'u ko ginshiƙan coci. Halartar ta bambanta a duk lokacin bazara. Wasu makarantu sun sami daidaiton halarta, amma banda wannan. Saboda halartan taron bai zama tilas ba, daukar ma'aikata da kuma kula da zuwan kila shine kalubalen firamare da makarantun suka fuskanta. Kuma A Clarksdale, Mississippi, alal misali, matsakaicin yawan halartar dalibai a cikin makon farko ya kasance goma sha biyar, mako na biyu kuma takwas ne, amma a kowane lokaci a lokacin bazara, makarantar na iya samun halartar dalibai kusan talatin da biyar. Ba kasafai ba ne manya su rika zuwa aji akai-akai. An canza umarni bisa yanayin gida. A yankunan karkara da ake sa ran dalibai za su yi aiki a lokacin makaranta, yawanci ana yin karatu da daddare. A makarantun da ke kula da lokutan makaranta na al'ada, yawanci a cikin birane, ana ba da tsarin karatun zama dan kasa da kwasa-kwasan ilimi na gargajiya da safe kuma ana ba da azuzuwan na musamman kamar kida, wasan kwaikwayo, Kuma da buga rubutu da rana. A yawancin lokuta, za a kebe duk kwanakin makaranta don kokarin yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. Ya zama wajibi ga masu fafutuka na SNCC cewa za a saka hannun jari ga dalibai a ayyukan hakkin jama'a saboda ana sa ran wannan dalibai zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jihar don aiwatar da canjin zamantakewa. A ƙarshen lokacin Makarantar 'Yanci, masu fafutuka da dalibai sun shirya taron jagorancin dalibai a ranar 8 ga Agusta, shekarata 1964, ranar bayan jana'izar James Chaney, daya daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan Chaney, Goodman, da Schwerner . An gudanar da taron a Meridian, Mississippi, a tsohuwar Makarantar Baptist ta Meridian . An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "fadar da'irar Makarantar 'Yanci." Kowace Makarantar 'Yanci ta aika wakilai uku zuwa taron don samar da dandalin matasa don Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party. Wakilan daliban sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi ayyuka, makarantu, harkokin kasashen waje, da matsugunan jama'a tare da ba da shawarwari ga jam'iyyar jihar. A karshen taron, dalibai sun shirya wata sanarwa da ta bukaci samun masaukin jama'a, Kuma ka'idojin gine-gine na kowane gida, hadaddiyar makarantu, tsarin ayyukan jama'a, da kuma nada kwararrun baki zuwa mukaman jihohi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci da dalibai sun ci gaba da jajircewa kan manufar Makarantar 'Yanci. A farkon watan Agustan shekarata 1964, an shirya shirye-shiryen ci gaba da Makarantun 'Yanci a cikin shekarar makaranta mai zuwa, kuma wasu malaman sa kai sun riga sun amince su zauna. Dalibai sun yanke shawarar, duk da haka, yayin taron Makarantar 'Yanci a farkon watan Agusta don ba za su ci gaba da makarantun ba. Duk da haka dalibai sun aiwatar da jagoranci da gwagwarmayar da suka samu a lokacin bazara a makarantunsu. Wasu daliban sun koma makaranta kuma sun bukaci ingantattun kayan aiki da karin kwasa-kwasai. Dalibai a Philadelphia, Mississippi, sun dawo makaranta sanye da maballan "Mutum daya, Kuri'a daya" SNCC &#x2014; wanda aka kore su. == Makarantar Ranar Makarantar Freedom, Philadelphia == John E. Churchville ne ya kafa Laburaren 'Yanci na Philadelphia a shekarata 1964. A cikin Yan shekaru masu zuwa ya fara ba da azuzuwan yamma kuma daga karshe ya mai da dakin karatu zuwa makaranta. Bayan kafuwar wannan makaranta, ya shirya gajerun kasidu da aka buga a cikin littafin, ''What Black Educators Are Saying'', wanda [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/24/obituaries/nathan-wright-jr-black-power-advocate-dies-at-81.html Nathan Wright Jr. ya] shirya kuma aka buga a shekarata 1970. Wannan makala ta kunshi yawancin tunanin Churchville game da yanayin motsi na Black Power da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na koyarwa na sabuwar Makarantar 'Yanci. Ya raina ra'ayoyin duka kungiyoyin al'adu da masu ci gaban kasa a matsayin facade kuma ba hakora ba. A gare shi, Harkar kishin kasa ta juyin juya hali wacce ta yi kira ga cikakken juyin juya hali a nan da kuma ko'ina a doron kasa, ita ce mafi inganci da gaskiya ga ka'idojinta. Sun gano batutuwan cikin rukuni da na daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar bakar fata a Amurka kuma hanya daya tilo ta zama dan juyin juya hali da gaske ita ce ta sake haihuwa; wani iko na waje ya yi aiki wanda ya fara kawar da ku daga wadannan gazawar. Makarantun da kansu sun dogara ne akan tsari mai sauki na fifiko. Idan ilimi shine shigar matasa cikin tsarin akida, to dole ne Makarantar 'Yanci ta sake ilmantar da yaran bakaken fata su yi watsi da babbar akida tare da gina sabon tsari. Don yin wannan, kashi na farko na koyarwa da za a kafa dole ne ya zama sabuwar akidar makarantar. Bayan haka, Kuma dole ne a nemo malaman da za su iya dinke barakar da ke tsakanin asali da kuma ketare, kasancewar su darasi ne ga dalibansu na ciki da wajen aji. A karshe, an tsara tsarin karatun don bayyana ainihin halin da baƙar fata ke ciki da kuma koyar da kayan aiki da kwarewa don magance wannan gaskiyar. Tsarin karatun kamar yadda Churchville ya bayyana abin hawa ne kawai don koyar da gaskiyar juyin juya hali; abubuwan da ke ciki galibi basu da mahimmanci kamar yadda bincike ne wanda zai nuna gaskiyar. Hukumar FBI ta kai farmaki makarantar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarata 1966, bisa zargin tanada kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda. Bayan farmakin, Churchville ya daina fafutuka. == Gado == Za a iya ganin wani bangare na gadon Makarantar 'Yanci a cikin makarantun da ke rike da suna a yau: Akwesasne Freedom School a kan Mohawk Indian ajiyar ; Makarantun 'Yanci a St. Louis, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da [[Chicago]], Illinois, Tyree Scott Freedom School a Seattle, Washington, da Makarantar 'Yanci ta Paulo Freire a Tucson, Arizona. Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) yana gudanar da shirin Makarantar 'Yanci na zamani a duk fadin kasar. An hada wannan shirin ta hanyar bakar fata Al'umma na Crusade don Yara na Asusun Tsaro na Yara. Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF na kasa yana aiki sama da wuraren shirye-shiryen bazara 130 a cikin jihohi 24 a fadin kasar wadanda ke hidima ga yara kusan 12,000. A [[Michigan]] kungiyar Black Radical Congress a [[Detroit]] ta kaddamar da kamfen don kirkirar samfuri bisa ga Makarantun 'Yanci. Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia yunƙuyri ne na ilimin al'umma mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sigar zamani na tsarin karatun Mississippi tare da mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, Kuma aikin zamantakewa da jagoranci tsakanin tsararraki. Ana shirya Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2010-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419163246/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta hanyar hukumar jagora, Al'umma A Makarantu. <ref>http://www.cisphl.org</ref> Jami'ar 'Yanci [[Atlanta|ta Atlanta]], makarantar 'yanci ta zamani kuma makaranta ce kawai a cikin duniya inda duk dalibai ba su da takardar izinin shiga ba tare da izini ba, suna ba da kyauta na koyarwa, sannan tsarin karatun koleji na 'yanci wanda ke taimakawa matasa marasa izini su sami ilimi mafi girma. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ruleville, Mississippi * Gluckstadt, Mississippi * Carthage, Mississippi == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * William Sturkey da Jon N. Hale (eds. ), ''Don Rubuta cikin Hasken 'Yanci: Jaridu na Makarantun 'Yancin Mississippi na 1964.'' Jackson, MS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Mississippi, 2015. * Jon N. Hale, ''Makarantun 'Yanci: Masu fafutuka na dalibai a cikin Kungiyar Hakkin Bil'adama ta Mississippi'' . (New York: Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2016) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum] * [http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html/ Tarihin Makarantar 'Yanci ta Mississippi & Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203045010/http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 Darussa daga Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115163305/http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 |date=2017-01-15 }} ~ tallafin littafin karatu don nazarin Tsarin Makarantun 'Yanci na 1964 * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm Wurin Ilimi na Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091730/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm |date=2013-11-04 }} * [http://www.sfacs.us/ Sankofa Freedom Academy Charter School] * [http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html Bayani game da Bakin Al'umma Crusade ga Yara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030027/http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm Lokacin bazara da Makarantun 'Yanci] * [http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html Bayanin Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005845/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html |date=2008-04-22 }} * [http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Makarantun 'Yanci] ~ Taskar 'Yancin Jama'a * [http://chicagofreedomschool.org/ Makarantar 'Yanci ta Chicago] * [http://garyfreedomschool.org/ Makarantar Gary Freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002045/http://garyfreedomschool.org/ |date=2017-11-16 }} * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/sffreedomschool/ San Francisco Freedom School] * [http://www.sunflowerfreedom.org Aikin Yancin Yankin Sunflower] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6cyuast1m4nxqq6vkdq70iyagdz10k6 974942 974941 2026-11-01T18:41:49Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 974942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Soldiers pay a special visit to about 300 children at Baghdad Airport Prima DVIDS10081.jpg|thumb|Makarantu masu yanci]] '''Makarantun Ƴanci''' sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|Amurkawa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cd14d4z14rko.amp&ved=2ahUKEwimo6-D8PuGAxW2WUEAHbh3DvcQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1QAeK_7xQYPB0tC6Nq_6zr</nowiki></ref>[[Afirkawan Amurka|, Afirka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/babban-jamiin-jks-ya-gana-da-tawagar-alkalai-daga-afrika/&ved=2ahUKEwjjvbGn8PuGAxXCaEEAHcs0AfcQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw349FxgdP9OCoBKS7yHKXjM</nowiki></ref> galibi a [[Kudu]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://aminiya.ng/abin-da-ke-hana-yan-arewa-cin-gajiyar-siyasa-a-kudu/&ved=2ahUKEwjs6p3J8PuGAxWaU0EAHQK7DUcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw1On7_irExTQtO79H5gWzlx</nowiki></ref>. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara [[Amurkawa]] na [[Afirka]] don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, [[siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1599283-ba-ku-tsoron-allah-malamin-musulunci-ya-kunyata-yan-siyasa-a-zaman-makokin-tsohon-gwamna/&ved=2ahUKEwi91-jk8PuGAxWyQ0EAHTUEAkYQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw1jK4heoBF9wUxoWu5qqZ36</nowiki></ref> da [[tattalin arziki]] a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964). == Tarihi == Duk da hukuncin Kotun Koli na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da huɗu (1954) a cikin ''Brown v.'' Shari'ar ''Hukumar Ilimi'' ta lalata tsarin makarantun kebe, a tsakiyar shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da sittin daidai 1960s Mississippi har yanzu tana kiyaye tsarin makarantar farare da "launi mara daidaituwa. A matsakaita, jihar ta kashe $81.66 don ilimantar da dalibi farar fata idan aka kwatanta da $21.77 kawai ga dalibi bakar fata. Mississippi ta kasance daya daga cikin jihohi biyu kacal a cikin kungiyar da ba su da dokar ilimi ta tilas kuma yara da yawa a yankunan karkara an tura su aiki a fagen kuma basu sami karancin ilimi kwata-kwata. Hatta manhajar karatu ta banbanta na fari da baki. A matsayin misali na yau da kullun, hukumar makarantar farar fata ta Bolivar County ta ba da umarnin cewa "Ba za a koyar da harsunan waje ko al'ada a makarantun Negro ba. Kuma ba za a koyar da tarihin Amurka daga shekarata 1860 zuwa 1875 ba." A karshen shekarata 1963, Charles Cobb, mai fafutuka na Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), ya ba da shawarar kungiyar ta dauki nauyin hanyar sadarwa na Makarantun 'Yanci, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar misalan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su a baya a wasu garuruwa. A lokacin bazara na shekarata 1963, hukumar ilimi ta gundumar Prince Edward County, Virginia ta rufe makarantun jama'a maimakon hada su bayan an gurfanar da su a shari'ar da ta biyo bayan ''Brown vs.'' ''Hukumar Ilimi'', don haka Makarantun 'Yanci suka bullo a madadinsu. A cikin Satumba, shekarar 1963, kimanin dalibai 3,000 ne suka halarci zanga-zangar Stay Out for [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|Freedom]] a [[Boston]], maimakon su halarci Makarantun 'Yanci na al'umma. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1963, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar 'Yanci, sama da dalibai 200,000 suka kaura cewa Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don nuna adawa da wariya da karancin yanayin makaranta, tare da wasu suna halartar Makarantun 'Yanci maimakon. Daga baya, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, shekarar 1964 a wata zanga-zangar ranar 'Yanci makamanciyar wannan, sama da dalibai 450,000 suka halarci kaura cewa makarantun jama'a na birnin New York a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girman zanga-zangar 'yancin dan adam na shekarata 1960s, kuma har zuwa dalibai 100,000 sun halarci madadin. Makarantun 'Yanci. == Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi == An habaka Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi a matsayin wani bangare na shekarata 1964 Freedom Summer yancin aikin, wani gagarumin kokari wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da ilmantar da daliban Mississippi don canjin zamantakewa. Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kasa (COFO) &#x2014; kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a na masu fafutuka da kudade da aka samo daga SNCC, CORE, NAACP, da SCLC &#x2014; a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, hadin gwiwar Freedom Summer. Ainihin aikin ya kasance yakin neman rajistar masu kada kuri’a a duk fadin jihar, kuma masu shirya zaben sun bukaci masu sa kai dubu daya su taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan aiki. Kuma Masu fafutuka sun yi shirin gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Demokradiyya mai kama da juna, saboda bakar fata masu jefa kuri'a cikin tsari ya haifar da wakilai masu farar fata zuwa Zaben shugaban kasa. Wadannan kokarce-kokarce sun kare a kirkirar Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party . Duka wakilan hukuma da Jam'iyyar Democratic Democratic Party ta Mississippi sun tafi taron a shekarata1964 na Democratic Democratic a Atlantic City, [[New Jersey]] . A cikin Disamba Shekarata 1963, a lokacin shirye-shiryen shirin bazara na 'Yanci mai zuwa, Charles Cobb ya ba da shawarar hanyar sadarwa ta "Makarantar 'Yanci" wacce za ta habaka shiga siyasa tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare na Mississippi, baya ga bayar da darussan ilimi da tattaunawa. Masu fafutuka da ke shirya aikin bazara na 'Yanci sun yarda da shawarar Cobb kuma a cikin Maris 1964 sun shirya taron tsara tsarin karatu a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a karkashin tallafin Majalisar Ikklisiya ta kasa . Farfesan tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman Staughton Lynd an nada shi Daraktan shirin Makarantar 'Yanci. A tsawon lokacin bazarar 'Yanci, an kafa Makarantun 'Yanci sama da 40 a cikin al'ummomin baki a duk fadin Mississippi. Manufar ita ce a yi kokarin kawo karshen kaura na siyasa na Amurkawa na Afirka ta hanyar karfafa dalibai su zama Yan kasa masu himma da shiga cikin al'umma a cikin al'umma. Sama da daliban Amurkawa 3,000 na Afirka sun halarci wadannan makarantu a lokacin rani na shekarata 1964. Dalibai sun kasance tun daga kanana yara zuwa manya masu matsakaicin shekaru 15. Malamai sun kasance masu aikin sa kai, yawancin su daliban koleji ne da kansu. <ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Freedom Schools] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> == Manufar siyasa da ilimi == An tsara Makarantun 'Yanci tare da manufofin siyasa da na ilimi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci za su ilimantar da daliban firamare da sakandare don zama wakilan canjin zamantakewa da za su shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a da ke gudana, galibi a kokarin rajistar masu zabe. Kuma An raba tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa sassa bakwai na asali wadanda suka yi nazarin yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin dangantakar kabilanci da kuma Kungiyar Hakkin Bil Adama. An karfafa habakar jagoranci, ban da karin kwarewar ilimi na gargajiya. Ilimin a Makarantun 'Yanci ya shafi dalibai ne kuma ya dace da al'ada. Sannan An gina manhajar karatu da koyarwa bisa bukatun daliban, an karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin dalibai da malamai (maimakon lacca) sannan masu tsara manhajoji sun karfafa wa malamai kwarin gwiwar yin koyarwa bisa kwarewar dalibansu. == Tsarin karatu == Bunkasa manhajar karatu ya ta’allaka ne da taron manhajar karatu, wanda ya kunshi malamai da daraktoci suna tattaunawa kan irin ilimin da za a koyar a makarantun ‘yanci. Dole ne malamai su rubuta jita-jita don tsara tsarin karatun su. An gaya musu su tuna yadda rayuwa take a Mississippi da dan gajeren lokacin da suke da shi don koyar da kayan. Dole ne tsarin karatun ya kasance mai son malamai kuma ya zama mai amfani ga dalibai nan da nan, tare da dogara kan tambayoyi da ayyuka. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tambayoyi da tattaunawa maimakon haddar gaskiya da kwanan wata. Kuma Umarnin ga malamai sun haɗa da: : Game da tsarin aji, tambaya shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Ba shi da ma'ana a cika daliban da bayanan da ba zai iya fahimta ba; tambaya ita ce hanyar wayewa. . . Darajar Makarantun 'Yanci za su samu ne daga abin da malamai ke iya ba wa dalibai ta fuskar fahimta da bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da taron manhajar ya tattaro Yan kasa na asali da asali daban-daban, kayyadaddun tsarin koyarwa na karshe ya kunshi abubuwa daga asali daban-daban kuma ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku. Bangarorin uku na manhajar Makarantun ‘Yanci su ne manhajar Ilimi, manhajar zama dan kasa, da Kuma manhajar nishadi. Manufar wadannan sassan shine don koya wa dalibai canjin zamantakewa a cikin makarantar; tarihin yanki; tarihin bakar fata; yadda ake amsa budaddiyar tambayoyi; da bunkasa fasahar ilimi. Manhajar Ilimi ta kunshi karatu, rubutu, da ayyukan baki wadanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da daliban ya samu. Tsarin karatun zama dan kasa shine don karfafa dalibai su yi tambayoyi game da al'umma. Tsarin Nishadi ya bukaci daliban ya kasance mai motsa jiki. A yawancin makarantu, Manhajar zama dan kasa ta mai da hankali kan nau'ikan tambayoyi biyu masu alaka don tattaunawar aji: : Me yasa muke (malamai da dalibai) a Makarantun 'Yanci? : Menene Kungiyar 'Yanci? : Wadanne hanyoyi ne kungiyar Freedom Movement ke ba mu? : Menene yawancin al'adun da muke so? : Menene yawancin al'adun da ba mu so? : Menene muke da shi da muke so mu kiyaye? == Shekara ta farko == An bude Makarantun 'Yanci a makon farko na Yuli shekarata 1964, bayan kusan malaman sa kai na Makarantar 'Yanci 250 sun halarci zaman horo na mako guda a Kwalejin Mata ta Yamma a Oxford, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . Shirye-shiryen na asali sun yi tsammanin Makarantun 'Yanci 25 da dalibai 1,000; a karshen bazara, an bude makarantu 41 ga dalibai sama da 2,500. An kafa Makarantun 'Yanci tare da taimako da jajircewar al'ummomin yankin, wadanda suka samar da gine-gine daban-daban na makarantu da gidaje ga malaman sa kai. Yayin da ake gudanar da wasu makarantun a wuraren shakatawa, dakunan girki, da gidajen zama, da kuma karkashin bishiyoyi, yawancin azuzuwan ana gudanar da su ne a cikin majami'u ko ginshiƙan coci. Halartar ta bambanta a duk lokacin bazara. Wasu makarantu sun sami daidaiton halarta, amma banda wannan. Saboda halartan taron bai zama tilas ba, daukar ma'aikata da kuma kula da zuwan kila shine kalubalen firamare da makarantun suka fuskanta. Kuma A Clarksdale, Mississippi, alal misali, matsakaicin yawan halartar dalibai a cikin makon farko ya kasance goma sha biyar, mako na biyu kuma takwas ne, amma a kowane lokaci a lokacin bazara, makarantar na iya samun halartar dalibai kusan talatin da biyar. Ba kasafai ba ne manya su rika zuwa aji akai-akai. An canza umarni bisa yanayin gida. A yankunan karkara da ake sa ran dalibai za su yi aiki a lokacin makaranta, yawanci ana yin karatu da daddare. A makarantun da ke kula da lokutan makaranta na al'ada, yawanci a cikin birane, ana ba da tsarin karatun zama dan kasa da kwasa-kwasan ilimi na gargajiya da safe kuma ana ba da azuzuwan na musamman kamar kida, wasan kwaikwayo, Kuma da buga rubutu da rana. A yawancin lokuta, za a kebe duk kwanakin makaranta don kokarin yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. Ya zama wajibi ga masu fafutuka na SNCC cewa za a saka hannun jari ga dalibai a ayyukan hakkin jama'a saboda ana sa ran wannan dalibai zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jihar don aiwatar da canjin zamantakewa. A ƙarshen lokacin Makarantar 'Yanci, masu fafutuka da dalibai sun shirya taron jagorancin dalibai a ranar 8 ga Agusta, shekarata 1964, ranar bayan jana'izar James Chaney, daya daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan Chaney, Goodman, da Schwerner . An gudanar da taron a Meridian, Mississippi, a tsohuwar Makarantar Baptist ta Meridian . An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "fadar da'irar Makarantar 'Yanci." Kowace Makarantar 'Yanci ta aika wakilai uku zuwa taron don samar da dandalin matasa don Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party. Wakilan daliban sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi ayyuka, makarantu, harkokin kasashen waje, da matsugunan jama'a tare da ba da shawarwari ga jam'iyyar jihar. A karshen taron, dalibai sun shirya wata sanarwa da ta bukaci samun masaukin jama'a, Kuma ka'idojin gine-gine na kowane gida, hadaddiyar makarantu, tsarin ayyukan jama'a, da kuma nada kwararrun baki zuwa mukaman jihohi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci da dalibai sun ci gaba da jajircewa kan manufar Makarantar 'Yanci. A farkon watan Agustan shekarata 1964, an shirya shirye-shiryen ci gaba da Makarantun 'Yanci a cikin shekarar makaranta mai zuwa, kuma wasu malaman sa kai sun riga sun amince su zauna. Dalibai sun yanke shawarar, duk da haka, yayin taron Makarantar 'Yanci a farkon watan Agusta don ba za su ci gaba da makarantun ba. Duk da haka dalibai sun aiwatar da jagoranci da gwagwarmayar da suka samu a lokacin bazara a makarantunsu. Wasu daliban sun koma makaranta kuma sun bukaci ingantattun kayan aiki da karin kwasa-kwasai. Dalibai a Philadelphia, Mississippi, sun dawo makaranta sanye da maballan "Mutum daya, Kuri'a daya" SNCC &#x2014; wanda aka kore su. == Makarantar Ranar Makarantar Freedom, Philadelphia == John E. Churchville ne ya kafa Laburaren 'Yanci na Philadelphia a shekarata 1964. A cikin Yan shekaru masu zuwa ya fara ba da azuzuwan yamma kuma daga karshe ya mai da dakin karatu zuwa makaranta. Bayan kafuwar wannan makaranta, ya shirya gajerun kasidu da aka buga a cikin littafin, ''What Black Educators Are Saying'', wanda [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/24/obituaries/nathan-wright-jr-black-power-advocate-dies-at-81.html Nathan Wright Jr. ya] shirya kuma aka buga a shekarata 1970. Wannan makala ta kunshi yawancin tunanin Churchville game da yanayin motsi na Black Power da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na koyarwa na sabuwar Makarantar 'Yanci. Ya raina ra'ayoyin duka kungiyoyin al'adu da masu ci gaban kasa a matsayin facade kuma ba hakora ba. A gare shi, Harkar kishin kasa ta juyin juya hali wacce ta yi kira ga cikakken juyin juya hali a nan da kuma ko'ina a doron kasa, ita ce mafi inganci da gaskiya ga ka'idojinta. Sun gano batutuwan cikin rukuni da na daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar bakar fata a Amurka kuma hanya daya tilo ta zama dan juyin juya hali da gaske ita ce ta sake haihuwa; wani iko na waje ya yi aiki wanda ya fara kawar da ku daga wadannan gazawar. Makarantun da kansu sun dogara ne akan tsari mai sauki na fifiko. Idan ilimi shine shigar matasa cikin tsarin akida, to dole ne Makarantar 'Yanci ta sake ilmantar da yaran bakaken fata su yi watsi da babbar akida tare da gina sabon tsari. Don yin wannan, kashi na farko na koyarwa da za a kafa dole ne ya zama sabuwar akidar makarantar. Bayan haka, Kuma dole ne a nemo malaman da za su iya dinke barakar da ke tsakanin asali da kuma ketare, kasancewar su darasi ne ga dalibansu na ciki da wajen aji. A karshe, an tsara tsarin karatun don bayyana ainihin halin da baƙar fata ke ciki da kuma koyar da kayan aiki da kwarewa don magance wannan gaskiyar. Tsarin karatun kamar yadda Churchville ya bayyana abin hawa ne kawai don koyar da gaskiyar juyin juya hali; abubuwan da ke ciki galibi basu da mahimmanci kamar yadda bincike ne wanda zai nuna gaskiyar. Hukumar FBI ta kai farmaki makarantar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarata 1966, bisa zargin tanada kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda. Bayan farmakin, Churchville ya daina fafutuka. == Gado == Za a iya ganin wani bangare na gadon Makarantar 'Yanci a cikin makarantun da ke rike da suna a yau: Akwesasne Freedom School a kan Mohawk Indian ajiyar ; Makarantun 'Yanci a St. Louis, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da [[Chicago]], Illinois, Tyree Scott Freedom School a Seattle, Washington, da Makarantar 'Yanci ta Paulo Freire a Tucson, Arizona. Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) yana gudanar da shirin Makarantar 'Yanci na zamani a duk fadin kasar. An hada wannan shirin ta hanyar bakar fata Al'umma na Crusade don Yara na Asusun Tsaro na Yara. Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF na kasa yana aiki sama da wuraren shirye-shiryen bazara 130 a cikin jihohi 24 a fadin kasar wadanda ke hidima ga yara kusan 12,000. A [[Michigan]] kungiyar Black Radical Congress a [[Detroit]] ta kaddamar da kamfen don kirkirar samfuri bisa ga Makarantun 'Yanci. Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia yunƙuyri ne na ilimin al'umma mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sigar zamani na tsarin karatun Mississippi tare da mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, Kuma aikin zamantakewa da jagoranci tsakanin tsararraki. Ana shirya Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2010-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419163246/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta hanyar hukumar jagora, Al'umma A Makarantu. <ref>http://www.cisphl.org</ref> Jami'ar 'Yanci [[Atlanta|ta Atlanta]], makarantar 'yanci ta zamani kuma makaranta ce kawai a cikin duniya inda duk dalibai ba su da takardar izinin shiga ba tare da izini ba, suna ba da kyauta na koyarwa, sannan tsarin karatun koleji na 'yanci wanda ke taimakawa matasa marasa izini su sami ilimi mafi girma. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ruleville, Mississippi * Gluckstadt, Mississippi * Carthage, Mississippi == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * William Sturkey da Jon N. Hale (eds. ), ''Don Rubuta cikin Hasken 'Yanci: Jaridu na Makarantun 'Yancin Mississippi na 1964.'' Jackson, MS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Mississippi, 2015. * Jon N. Hale, ''Makarantun 'Yanci: Masu fafutuka na dalibai a cikin Kungiyar Hakkin Bil'adama ta Mississippi'' . (New York: Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2016) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum] * [http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html/ Tarihin Makarantar 'Yanci ta Mississippi & Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203045010/http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 Darussa daga Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115163305/http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 |date=2017-01-15 }} ~ tallafin littafin karatu don nazarin Tsarin Makarantun 'Yanci na 1964 * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm Wurin Ilimi na Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091730/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm |date=2013-11-04 }} * [http://www.sfacs.us/ Sankofa Freedom Academy Charter School] * [http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html Bayani game da Bakin Al'umma Crusade ga Yara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030027/http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm Lokacin bazara da Makarantun 'Yanci] * [http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html Bayanin Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005845/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html |date=2008-04-22 }} * [http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Makarantun 'Yanci] ~ Taskar 'Yancin Jama'a * [http://chicagofreedomschool.org/ Makarantar 'Yanci ta Chicago] * [http://garyfreedomschool.org/ Makarantar Gary Freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002045/http://garyfreedomschool.org/ |date=2017-11-16 }} * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/sffreedomschool/ San Francisco Freedom School] * [http://www.sunflowerfreedom.org Aikin Yancin Yankin Sunflower] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lux3u2r34rxbuur5w946lozecdy0owh 974943 974942 2026-11-01T18:45:19Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 974943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Soldiers pay a special visit to about 300 children at Baghdad Airport Prima DVIDS10081.jpg|thumb|Makarantu masu yanci]] '''Makarantun Ƴanci''' sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|Amurkawa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cd14d4z14rko.amp&ved=2ahUKEwimo6-D8PuGAxW2WUEAHbh3DvcQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1QAeK_7xQYPB0tC6Nq_6zr</nowiki></ref>[[Afirkawan Amurka|, Afirka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/babban-jamiin-jks-ya-gana-da-tawagar-alkalai-daga-afrika/&ved=2ahUKEwjjvbGn8PuGAxXCaEEAHcs0AfcQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw349FxgdP9OCoBKS7yHKXjM</nowiki></ref> galibi a [[Kudu]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://aminiya.ng/abin-da-ke-hana-yan-arewa-cin-gajiyar-siyasa-a-kudu/&ved=2ahUKEwjs6p3J8PuGAxWaU0EAHQK7DUcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw1On7_irExTQtO79H5gWzlx</nowiki></ref>. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara [[Amurkawa]] na [[Afirka]] don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, [[siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1599283-ba-ku-tsoron-allah-malamin-musulunci-ya-kunyata-yan-siyasa-a-zaman-makokin-tsohon-gwamna/&ved=2ahUKEwi91-jk8PuGAxWyQ0EAHTUEAkYQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw1jK4heoBF9wUxoWu5qqZ36</nowiki></ref> da [[tattalin arziki]] a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964). == Tarihi == Duk da hukuncin Kotun Koli na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da huɗu (1954) a cikin ''Brown v.'' Shari'ar ''Hukumar Ilimi'' ta lalata tsarin makarantun kebe, a tsakiyar shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da sittin daidai 1960s Mississippi har yanzu tana kiyaye tsarin makarantar farare da "launi mara daidaituwa. A matsakaita, jihar ta kashe $81.66 don ilimantar da dalibi farar fata idan aka kwatanta da $21.77 kawai ga dalibi bakar fata. Mississippi ta kasance daya daga cikin jihohi biyu kacal a cikin kungiyar da ba su da dokar ilimi ta tilas kuma yara da yawa a yankunan karkara an tura su aiki a fagen kuma basu sami karancin ilimi kwata-kwataba. Hatta manhajar karatu ta banbanta na fari da baki. A matsayin misali na yau da kullun, hukumar makarantar farar fata ta Bolivar County ta ba da umarnin cewa "Ba za a koyar da harsunan waje ko al'ada a makarantun Negro ba. Kuma ba za a koyar da tarihin Amurka daga shekarata 1860 zuwa 1875 ba." A karshen shekarata 1963, Charles Cobb, mai fafutuka na Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), ya ba da shawarar kungiyar ta dauki nauyin hanyar sadarwa na Makarantun 'Yanci, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar misalan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su a baya a wasu garuruwa. A lokacin bazara na shekarata 1963, hukumar ilimi ta gundumar Prince Edward County, Virginia ta rufe makarantun jama'a maimakon hada su bayan an gurfanar da su a shari'ar da ta biyo bayan ''Brown vs.'' ''Hukumar Ilimi'', don haka Makarantun 'Yanci suka bullo a madadinsu. A cikin Satumba, shekarar 1963, kimanin dalibai 3,000 ne suka halarci zanga-zangar Stay Out for [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|Freedom]] a [[Boston]], maimakon su halarci Makarantun 'Yanci na al'umma. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1963, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar 'Yanci, sama da dalibai 200,000 suka kaura cewa Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don nuna adawa da wariya da karancin yanayin makaranta, tare da wasu suna halartar Makarantun 'Yanci maimakon. Daga baya, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, shekarar 1964 a wata zanga-zangar ranar 'Yanci makamanciyar wannan, sama da dalibai 450,000 suka halarci kaura cewa makarantun jama'a na birnin New York a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girman zanga-zangar 'yancin dan adam na shekarata 1960s, kuma har zuwa dalibai 100,000 sun halarci madadin. Makarantun 'Yanci. == Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi == An habaka Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi a matsayin wani bangare na shekarata 1964 Freedom Summer yancin aikin, wani gagarumin kokari wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da ilmantar da daliban Mississippi don canjin zamantakewa. Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kasa (COFO) &#x2014; kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a na masu fafutuka da kudade da aka samo daga SNCC, CORE, NAACP, da SCLC &#x2014; a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, hadin gwiwar Freedom Summer. Ainihin aikin ya kasance yakin neman rajistar masu kada kuri’a a duk fadin jihar, kuma masu shirya zaben sun bukaci masu sa kai dubu daya su taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan aiki. Kuma Masu fafutuka sun yi shirin gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Demokradiyya mai kama da juna, saboda bakar fata masu jefa kuri'a cikin tsari ya haifar da wakilai masu farar fata zuwa Zaben shugaban kasa. Wadannan kokarce-kokarce sun kare a kirkirar Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party . Duka wakilan hukuma da Jam'iyyar Democratic Democratic Party ta Mississippi sun tafi taron a shekarata1964 na Democratic Democratic a Atlantic City, [[New Jersey]] . A cikin Disamba Shekarata 1963, a lokacin shirye-shiryen shirin bazara na 'Yanci mai zuwa, Charles Cobb ya ba da shawarar hanyar sadarwa ta "Makarantar 'Yanci" wacce za ta habaka shiga siyasa tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare na Mississippi, baya ga bayar da darussan ilimi da tattaunawa. Masu fafutuka da ke shirya aikin bazara na 'Yanci sun yarda da shawarar Cobb kuma a cikin Maris 1964 sun shirya taron tsara tsarin karatu a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a karkashin tallafin Majalisar Ikklisiya ta kasa . Farfesan tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman Staughton Lynd an nada shi Daraktan shirin Makarantar 'Yanci. A tsawon lokacin bazarar 'Yanci, an kafa Makarantun 'Yanci sama da 40 a cikin al'ummomin baki a duk fadin Mississippi. Manufar ita ce a yi kokarin kawo karshen kaura na siyasa na Amurkawa na Afirka ta hanyar karfafa dalibai su zama Yan kasa masu himma da shiga cikin al'umma a cikin al'umma. Sama da daliban Amurkawa 3,000 na Afirka sun halarci wadannan makarantu a lokacin rani na shekarata 1964. Dalibai sun kasance tun daga kanana yara zuwa manya masu matsakaicin shekaru 15. Malamai sun kasance masu aikin sa kai, yawancin su daliban koleji ne da kansu. <ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Freedom Schools] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> == Manufar siyasa da ilimi == An tsara Makarantun 'Yanci tare da manufofin siyasa da na ilimi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci za su ilimantar da daliban firamare da sakandare don zama wakilan canjin zamantakewa da za su shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a da ke gudana, galibi a kokarin rajistar masu zabe. Kuma An raba tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa sassa bakwai na asali wadanda suka yi nazarin yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin dangantakar kabilanci da kuma Kungiyar Hakkin Bil Adama. An karfafa habakar jagoranci, ban da karin kwarewar ilimi na gargajiya. Ilimin a Makarantun 'Yanci ya shafi dalibai ne kuma ya dace da al'ada. Sannan An gina manhajar karatu da koyarwa bisa bukatun daliban, an karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin dalibai da malamai (maimakon lacca) sannan masu tsara manhajoji sun karfafa wa malamai kwarin gwiwar yin koyarwa bisa kwarewar dalibansu. == Tsarin karatu == Bunkasa manhajar karatu ya ta’allaka ne da taron manhajar karatu, wanda ya kunshi malamai da daraktoci suna tattaunawa kan irin ilimin da za a koyar a makarantun ‘yanci. Dole ne malamai su rubuta jita-jita don tsara tsarin karatun su. An gaya musu su tuna yadda rayuwa take a Mississippi da dan gajeren lokacin da suke da shi don koyar da kayan. Dole ne tsarin karatun ya kasance mai son malamai kuma ya zama mai amfani ga dalibai nan da nan, tare da dogara kan tambayoyi da ayyuka. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tambayoyi da tattaunawa maimakon haddar gaskiya da kwanan wata. Kuma Umarnin ga malamai sun haɗa da: : Game da tsarin aji, tambaya shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Ba shi da ma'ana a cika daliban da bayanan da ba zai iya fahimta ba; tambaya ita ce hanyar wayewa. . . Darajar Makarantun 'Yanci za su samu ne daga abin da malamai ke iya ba wa dalibai ta fuskar fahimta da bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da taron manhajar ya tattaro Yan kasa na asali da asali daban-daban, kayyadaddun tsarin koyarwa na karshe ya kunshi abubuwa daga asali daban-daban kuma ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku. Bangarorin uku na manhajar Makarantun ‘Yanci su ne manhajar Ilimi, manhajar zama dan kasa, da Kuma manhajar nishadi. Manufar wadannan sassan shine don koya wa dalibai canjin zamantakewa a cikin makarantar; tarihin yanki; tarihin bakar fata; yadda ake amsa budaddiyar tambayoyi; da bunkasa fasahar ilimi. Manhajar Ilimi ta kunshi karatu, rubutu, da ayyukan baki wadanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da daliban ya samu. Tsarin karatun zama dan kasa shine don karfafa dalibai su yi tambayoyi game da al'umma. Tsarin Nishadi ya bukaci daliban ya kasance mai motsa jiki. A yawancin makarantu, Manhajar zama dan kasa ta mai da hankali kan nau'ikan tambayoyi biyu masu alaka don tattaunawar aji: : Me yasa muke (malamai da dalibai) a Makarantun 'Yanci? : Menene Kungiyar 'Yanci? : Wadanne hanyoyi ne kungiyar Freedom Movement ke ba mu? : Menene yawancin al'adun da muke so? : Menene yawancin al'adun da ba mu so? : Menene muke da shi da muke so mu kiyaye? == Shekara ta farko == An bude Makarantun 'Yanci a makon farko na Yuli shekarata 1964, bayan kusan malaman sa kai na Makarantar 'Yanci 250 sun halarci zaman horo na mako guda a Kwalejin Mata ta Yamma a Oxford, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . Shirye-shiryen na asali sun yi tsammanin Makarantun 'Yanci 25 da dalibai 1,000; a karshen bazara, an bude makarantu 41 ga dalibai sama da 2,500. An kafa Makarantun 'Yanci tare da taimako da jajircewar al'ummomin yankin, wadanda suka samar da gine-gine daban-daban na makarantu da gidaje ga malaman sa kai. Yayin da ake gudanar da wasu makarantun a wuraren shakatawa, dakunan girki, da gidajen zama, da kuma karkashin bishiyoyi, yawancin azuzuwan ana gudanar da su ne a cikin majami'u ko ginshiƙan coci. Halartar ta bambanta a duk lokacin bazara. Wasu makarantu sun sami daidaiton halarta, amma banda wannan. Saboda halartan taron bai zama tilas ba, daukar ma'aikata da kuma kula da zuwan kila shine kalubalen firamare da makarantun suka fuskanta. Kuma A Clarksdale, Mississippi, alal misali, matsakaicin yawan halartar dalibai a cikin makon farko ya kasance goma sha biyar, mako na biyu kuma takwas ne, amma a kowane lokaci a lokacin bazara, makarantar na iya samun halartar dalibai kusan talatin da biyar. Ba kasafai ba ne manya su rika zuwa aji akai-akai. An canza umarni bisa yanayin gida. A yankunan karkara da ake sa ran dalibai za su yi aiki a lokacin makaranta, yawanci ana yin karatu da daddare. A makarantun da ke kula da lokutan makaranta na al'ada, yawanci a cikin birane, ana ba da tsarin karatun zama dan kasa da kwasa-kwasan ilimi na gargajiya da safe kuma ana ba da azuzuwan na musamman kamar kida, wasan kwaikwayo, Kuma da buga rubutu da rana. A yawancin lokuta, za a kebe duk kwanakin makaranta don kokarin yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. Ya zama wajibi ga masu fafutuka na SNCC cewa za a saka hannun jari ga dalibai a ayyukan hakkin jama'a saboda ana sa ran wannan dalibai zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jihar don aiwatar da canjin zamantakewa. A ƙarshen lokacin Makarantar 'Yanci, masu fafutuka da dalibai sun shirya taron jagorancin dalibai a ranar 8 ga Agusta, shekarata 1964, ranar bayan jana'izar James Chaney, daya daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan Chaney, Goodman, da Schwerner . An gudanar da taron a Meridian, Mississippi, a tsohuwar Makarantar Baptist ta Meridian . An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "fadar da'irar Makarantar 'Yanci." Kowace Makarantar 'Yanci ta aika wakilai uku zuwa taron don samar da dandalin matasa don Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party. Wakilan daliban sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi ayyuka, makarantu, harkokin kasashen waje, da matsugunan jama'a tare da ba da shawarwari ga jam'iyyar jihar. A karshen taron, dalibai sun shirya wata sanarwa da ta bukaci samun masaukin jama'a, Kuma ka'idojin gine-gine na kowane gida, hadaddiyar makarantu, tsarin ayyukan jama'a, da kuma nada kwararrun baki zuwa mukaman jihohi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci da dalibai sun ci gaba da jajircewa kan manufar Makarantar 'Yanci. A farkon watan Agustan shekarata 1964, an shirya shirye-shiryen ci gaba da Makarantun 'Yanci a cikin shekarar makaranta mai zuwa, kuma wasu malaman sa kai sun riga sun amince su zauna. Dalibai sun yanke shawarar, duk da haka, yayin taron Makarantar 'Yanci a farkon watan Agusta don ba za su ci gaba da makarantun ba. Duk da haka dalibai sun aiwatar da jagoranci da gwagwarmayar da suka samu a lokacin bazara a makarantunsu. Wasu daliban sun koma makaranta kuma sun bukaci ingantattun kayan aiki da karin kwasa-kwasai. Dalibai a Philadelphia, Mississippi, sun dawo makaranta sanye da maballan "Mutum daya, Kuri'a daya" SNCC &#x2014; wanda aka kore su. == Makarantar Ranar Makarantar Freedom, Philadelphia == John E. Churchville ne ya kafa Laburaren 'Yanci na Philadelphia a shekarata 1964. A cikin Yan shekaru masu zuwa ya fara ba da azuzuwan yamma kuma daga karshe ya mai da dakin karatu zuwa makaranta. Bayan kafuwar wannan makaranta, ya shirya gajerun kasidu da aka buga a cikin littafin, ''What Black Educators Are Saying'', wanda [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/24/obituaries/nathan-wright-jr-black-power-advocate-dies-at-81.html Nathan Wright Jr. ya] shirya kuma aka buga a shekarata 1970. Wannan makala ta kunshi yawancin tunanin Churchville game da yanayin motsi na Black Power da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na koyarwa na sabuwar Makarantar 'Yanci. Ya raina ra'ayoyin duka kungiyoyin al'adu da masu ci gaban kasa a matsayin facade kuma ba hakora ba. A gare shi, Harkar kishin kasa ta juyin juya hali wacce ta yi kira ga cikakken juyin juya hali a nan da kuma ko'ina a doron kasa, ita ce mafi inganci da gaskiya ga ka'idojinta. Sun gano batutuwan cikin rukuni da na daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar bakar fata a Amurka kuma hanya daya tilo ta zama dan juyin juya hali da gaske ita ce ta sake haihuwa; wani iko na waje ya yi aiki wanda ya fara kawar da ku daga wadannan gazawar. Makarantun da kansu sun dogara ne akan tsari mai sauki na fifiko. Idan ilimi shine shigar matasa cikin tsarin akida, to dole ne Makarantar 'Yanci ta sake ilmantar da yaran bakaken fata su yi watsi da babbar akida tare da gina sabon tsari. Don yin wannan, kashi na farko na koyarwa da za a kafa dole ne ya zama sabuwar akidar makarantar. Bayan haka, Kuma dole ne a nemo malaman da za su iya dinke barakar da ke tsakanin asali da kuma ketare, kasancewar su darasi ne ga dalibansu na ciki da wajen aji. A karshe, an tsara tsarin karatun don bayyana ainihin halin da baƙar fata ke ciki da kuma koyar da kayan aiki da kwarewa don magance wannan gaskiyar. Tsarin karatun kamar yadda Churchville ya bayyana abin hawa ne kawai don koyar da gaskiyar juyin juya hali; abubuwan da ke ciki galibi basu da mahimmanci kamar yadda bincike ne wanda zai nuna gaskiyar. Hukumar FBI ta kai farmaki makarantar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarata 1966, bisa zargin tanada kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda. Bayan farmakin, Churchville ya daina fafutuka. == Gado == Za a iya ganin wani bangare na gadon Makarantar 'Yanci a cikin makarantun da ke rike da suna a yau: Akwesasne Freedom School a kan Mohawk Indian ajiyar ; Makarantun 'Yanci a St. Louis, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da [[Chicago]], Illinois, Tyree Scott Freedom School a Seattle, Washington, da Makarantar 'Yanci ta Paulo Freire a Tucson, Arizona. Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) yana gudanar da shirin Makarantar 'Yanci na zamani a duk fadin kasar. An hada wannan shirin ta hanyar bakar fata Al'umma na Crusade don Yara na Asusun Tsaro na Yara. Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF na kasa yana aiki sama da wuraren shirye-shiryen bazara 130 a cikin jihohi 24 a fadin kasar wadanda ke hidima ga yara kusan 12,000. A [[Michigan]] kungiyar Black Radical Congress a [[Detroit]] ta kaddamar da kamfen don kirkirar samfuri bisa ga Makarantun 'Yanci. Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia yunƙuyri ne na ilimin al'umma mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sigar zamani na tsarin karatun Mississippi tare da mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, Kuma aikin zamantakewa da jagoranci tsakanin tsararraki. Ana shirya Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2010-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419163246/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta hanyar hukumar jagora, Al'umma A Makarantu. <ref>http://www.cisphl.org</ref> Jami'ar 'Yanci [[Atlanta|ta Atlanta]], makarantar 'yanci ta zamani kuma makaranta ce kawai a cikin duniya inda duk dalibai ba su da takardar izinin shiga ba tare da izini ba, suna ba da kyauta na koyarwa, sannan tsarin karatun koleji na 'yanci wanda ke taimakawa matasa marasa izini su sami ilimi mafi girma. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ruleville, Mississippi * Gluckstadt, Mississippi * Carthage, Mississippi == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * William Sturkey da Jon N. Hale (eds. ), ''Don Rubuta cikin Hasken 'Yanci: Jaridu na Makarantun 'Yancin Mississippi na 1964.'' Jackson, MS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Mississippi, 2015. * Jon N. Hale, ''Makarantun 'Yanci: Masu fafutuka na dalibai a cikin Kungiyar Hakkin Bil'adama ta Mississippi'' . (New York: Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2016) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum] * [http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html/ Tarihin Makarantar 'Yanci ta Mississippi & Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203045010/http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 Darussa daga Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115163305/http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 |date=2017-01-15 }} ~ tallafin littafin karatu don nazarin Tsarin Makarantun 'Yanci na 1964 * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm Wurin Ilimi na Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091730/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm |date=2013-11-04 }} * [http://www.sfacs.us/ Sankofa Freedom Academy Charter School] * [http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html Bayani game da Bakin Al'umma Crusade ga Yara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030027/http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm Lokacin bazara da Makarantun 'Yanci] * [http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html Bayanin Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005845/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html |date=2008-04-22 }} * [http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Makarantun 'Yanci] ~ Taskar 'Yancin Jama'a * [http://chicagofreedomschool.org/ Makarantar 'Yanci ta Chicago] * [http://garyfreedomschool.org/ Makarantar Gary Freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002045/http://garyfreedomschool.org/ |date=2017-11-16 }} * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/sffreedomschool/ San Francisco Freedom School] * [http://www.sunflowerfreedom.org Aikin Yancin Yankin Sunflower] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hm33lwmagxq2swofn6bdaia5n151qj0 974944 974943 2026-11-01T18:47:26Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 974944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Soldiers pay a special visit to about 300 children at Baghdad Airport Prima DVIDS10081.jpg|thumb|Makarantu masu yanci]] '''Makarantun Ƴanci''' sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|Amurkawa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cd14d4z14rko.amp&ved=2ahUKEwimo6-D8PuGAxW2WUEAHbh3DvcQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1QAeK_7xQYPB0tC6Nq_6zr</nowiki></ref>[[Afirkawan Amurka|, Afirka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/babban-jamiin-jks-ya-gana-da-tawagar-alkalai-daga-afrika/&ved=2ahUKEwjjvbGn8PuGAxXCaEEAHcs0AfcQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw349FxgdP9OCoBKS7yHKXjM</nowiki></ref> galibi a [[Kudu]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://aminiya.ng/abin-da-ke-hana-yan-arewa-cin-gajiyar-siyasa-a-kudu/&ved=2ahUKEwjs6p3J8PuGAxWaU0EAHQK7DUcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw1On7_irExTQtO79H5gWzlx</nowiki></ref>. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara [[Amurkawa]] na [[Afirka]] don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, [[siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1599283-ba-ku-tsoron-allah-malamin-musulunci-ya-kunyata-yan-siyasa-a-zaman-makokin-tsohon-gwamna/&ved=2ahUKEwi91-jk8PuGAxWyQ0EAHTUEAkYQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw1jK4heoBF9wUxoWu5qqZ36</nowiki></ref> da [[tattalin arziki]] a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964). == Tarihi == Duk da hukuncin Kotun Koli na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da huɗu (1954) a cikin ''Brown v.'' Shari'ar ''Hukumar Ilimi'' ta lalata tsarin makarantun kebe, a tsakiyar shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da sittin daidai 1960s Mississippi har yanzu tana kiyaye tsarin makarantar farare da "launi mara daidaituwa. A matsakaita, jihar ta kashe $81.66 don ilimantar da dalibi farar fata idan aka kwatanta da $21.77 kawai ga dalibi bakar fata. Mississippi ta kasance daya daga cikin jihohi biyu kacal a cikin kungiyar da ba su da dokar ilimi ta tilas kuma yara da yawa a yankunan karkara an tura su aiki a fagen kuma basu sami karancin ilimi kwata-kwataba. Hatta manhajar karatu ta banbanta na fari da baki. A matsayin misali na yau da kullun, hukumar makarantar farar fata ta Bolivar County ta ba da umarnin cewa "Ba za a koyar da harsunan waje ko al'ada a makarantun Negro ba. Kuma ba za a koyar da tarihin Amurka daga shekarata dubu daya1860 zuwa 1875 ba." A karshen shekarata 1963, Charles Cobb, mai fafutuka na Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), ya ba da shawarar kungiyar ta dauki nauyin hanyar sadarwa na Makarantun 'Yanci, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar misalan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su a baya a wasu garuruwa. A lokacin bazara na shekarata 1963, hukumar ilimi ta gundumar Prince Edward County, Virginia ta rufe makarantun jama'a maimakon hada su bayan an gurfanar da su a shari'ar da ta biyo bayan ''Brown vs.'' ''Hukumar Ilimi'', don haka Makarantun 'Yanci suka bullo a madadinsu. A cikin Satumba, shekarar 1963, kimanin dalibai 3,000 ne suka halarci zanga-zangar Stay Out for [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|Freedom]] a [[Boston]], maimakon su halarci Makarantun 'Yanci na al'umma. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1963, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar 'Yanci, sama da dalibai 200,000 suka kaura cewa Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don nuna adawa da wariya da karancin yanayin makaranta, tare da wasu suna halartar Makarantun 'Yanci maimakon. Daga baya, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, shekarar 1964 a wata zanga-zangar ranar 'Yanci makamanciyar wannan, sama da dalibai 450,000 suka halarci kaura cewa makarantun jama'a na birnin New York a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girman zanga-zangar 'yancin dan adam na shekarata 1960s, kuma har zuwa dalibai 100,000 sun halarci madadin. Makarantun 'Yanci. == Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi == An habaka Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi a matsayin wani bangare na shekarata 1964 Freedom Summer yancin aikin, wani gagarumin kokari wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da ilmantar da daliban Mississippi don canjin zamantakewa. Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kasa (COFO) &#x2014; kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a na masu fafutuka da kudade da aka samo daga SNCC, CORE, NAACP, da SCLC &#x2014; a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, hadin gwiwar Freedom Summer. Ainihin aikin ya kasance yakin neman rajistar masu kada kuri’a a duk fadin jihar, kuma masu shirya zaben sun bukaci masu sa kai dubu daya su taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan aiki. Kuma Masu fafutuka sun yi shirin gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Demokradiyya mai kama da juna, saboda bakar fata masu jefa kuri'a cikin tsari ya haifar da wakilai masu farar fata zuwa Zaben shugaban kasa. Wadannan kokarce-kokarce sun kare a kirkirar Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party . Duka wakilan hukuma da Jam'iyyar Democratic Democratic Party ta Mississippi sun tafi taron a shekarata1964 na Democratic Democratic a Atlantic City, [[New Jersey]] . A cikin Disamba Shekarata 1963, a lokacin shirye-shiryen shirin bazara na 'Yanci mai zuwa, Charles Cobb ya ba da shawarar hanyar sadarwa ta "Makarantar 'Yanci" wacce za ta habaka shiga siyasa tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare na Mississippi, baya ga bayar da darussan ilimi da tattaunawa. Masu fafutuka da ke shirya aikin bazara na 'Yanci sun yarda da shawarar Cobb kuma a cikin Maris 1964 sun shirya taron tsara tsarin karatu a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a karkashin tallafin Majalisar Ikklisiya ta kasa . Farfesan tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman Staughton Lynd an nada shi Daraktan shirin Makarantar 'Yanci. A tsawon lokacin bazarar 'Yanci, an kafa Makarantun 'Yanci sama da 40 a cikin al'ummomin baki a duk fadin Mississippi. Manufar ita ce a yi kokarin kawo karshen kaura na siyasa na Amurkawa na Afirka ta hanyar karfafa dalibai su zama Yan kasa masu himma da shiga cikin al'umma a cikin al'umma. Sama da daliban Amurkawa 3,000 na Afirka sun halarci wadannan makarantu a lokacin rani na shekarata 1964. Dalibai sun kasance tun daga kanana yara zuwa manya masu matsakaicin shekaru 15. Malamai sun kasance masu aikin sa kai, yawancin su daliban koleji ne da kansu. <ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Freedom Schools] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> == Manufar siyasa da ilimi == An tsara Makarantun 'Yanci tare da manufofin siyasa da na ilimi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci za su ilimantar da daliban firamare da sakandare don zama wakilan canjin zamantakewa da za su shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a da ke gudana, galibi a kokarin rajistar masu zabe. Kuma An raba tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa sassa bakwai na asali wadanda suka yi nazarin yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin dangantakar kabilanci da kuma Kungiyar Hakkin Bil Adama. An karfafa habakar jagoranci, ban da karin kwarewar ilimi na gargajiya. Ilimin a Makarantun 'Yanci ya shafi dalibai ne kuma ya dace da al'ada. Sannan An gina manhajar karatu da koyarwa bisa bukatun daliban, an karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin dalibai da malamai (maimakon lacca) sannan masu tsara manhajoji sun karfafa wa malamai kwarin gwiwar yin koyarwa bisa kwarewar dalibansu. == Tsarin karatu == Bunkasa manhajar karatu ya ta’allaka ne da taron manhajar karatu, wanda ya kunshi malamai da daraktoci suna tattaunawa kan irin ilimin da za a koyar a makarantun ‘yanci. Dole ne malamai su rubuta jita-jita don tsara tsarin karatun su. An gaya musu su tuna yadda rayuwa take a Mississippi da dan gajeren lokacin da suke da shi don koyar da kayan. Dole ne tsarin karatun ya kasance mai son malamai kuma ya zama mai amfani ga dalibai nan da nan, tare da dogara kan tambayoyi da ayyuka. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tambayoyi da tattaunawa maimakon haddar gaskiya da kwanan wata. Kuma Umarnin ga malamai sun haɗa da: : Game da tsarin aji, tambaya shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Ba shi da ma'ana a cika daliban da bayanan da ba zai iya fahimta ba; tambaya ita ce hanyar wayewa. . . Darajar Makarantun 'Yanci za su samu ne daga abin da malamai ke iya ba wa dalibai ta fuskar fahimta da bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da taron manhajar ya tattaro Yan kasa na asali da asali daban-daban, kayyadaddun tsarin koyarwa na karshe ya kunshi abubuwa daga asali daban-daban kuma ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku. Bangarorin uku na manhajar Makarantun ‘Yanci su ne manhajar Ilimi, manhajar zama dan kasa, da Kuma manhajar nishadi. Manufar wadannan sassan shine don koya wa dalibai canjin zamantakewa a cikin makarantar; tarihin yanki; tarihin bakar fata; yadda ake amsa budaddiyar tambayoyi; da bunkasa fasahar ilimi. Manhajar Ilimi ta kunshi karatu, rubutu, da ayyukan baki wadanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da daliban ya samu. Tsarin karatun zama dan kasa shine don karfafa dalibai su yi tambayoyi game da al'umma. Tsarin Nishadi ya bukaci daliban ya kasance mai motsa jiki. A yawancin makarantu, Manhajar zama dan kasa ta mai da hankali kan nau'ikan tambayoyi biyu masu alaka don tattaunawar aji: : Me yasa muke (malamai da dalibai) a Makarantun 'Yanci? : Menene Kungiyar 'Yanci? : Wadanne hanyoyi ne kungiyar Freedom Movement ke ba mu? : Menene yawancin al'adun da muke so? : Menene yawancin al'adun da ba mu so? : Menene muke da shi da muke so mu kiyaye? == Shekara ta farko == An bude Makarantun 'Yanci a makon farko na Yuli shekarata 1964, bayan kusan malaman sa kai na Makarantar 'Yanci 250 sun halarci zaman horo na mako guda a Kwalejin Mata ta Yamma a Oxford, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . Shirye-shiryen na asali sun yi tsammanin Makarantun 'Yanci 25 da dalibai 1,000; a karshen bazara, an bude makarantu 41 ga dalibai sama da 2,500. An kafa Makarantun 'Yanci tare da taimako da jajircewar al'ummomin yankin, wadanda suka samar da gine-gine daban-daban na makarantu da gidaje ga malaman sa kai. Yayin da ake gudanar da wasu makarantun a wuraren shakatawa, dakunan girki, da gidajen zama, da kuma karkashin bishiyoyi, yawancin azuzuwan ana gudanar da su ne a cikin majami'u ko ginshiƙan coci. Halartar ta bambanta a duk lokacin bazara. Wasu makarantu sun sami daidaiton halarta, amma banda wannan. Saboda halartan taron bai zama tilas ba, daukar ma'aikata da kuma kula da zuwan kila shine kalubalen firamare da makarantun suka fuskanta. Kuma A Clarksdale, Mississippi, alal misali, matsakaicin yawan halartar dalibai a cikin makon farko ya kasance goma sha biyar, mako na biyu kuma takwas ne, amma a kowane lokaci a lokacin bazara, makarantar na iya samun halartar dalibai kusan talatin da biyar. Ba kasafai ba ne manya su rika zuwa aji akai-akai. An canza umarni bisa yanayin gida. A yankunan karkara da ake sa ran dalibai za su yi aiki a lokacin makaranta, yawanci ana yin karatu da daddare. A makarantun da ke kula da lokutan makaranta na al'ada, yawanci a cikin birane, ana ba da tsarin karatun zama dan kasa da kwasa-kwasan ilimi na gargajiya da safe kuma ana ba da azuzuwan na musamman kamar kida, wasan kwaikwayo, Kuma da buga rubutu da rana. A yawancin lokuta, za a kebe duk kwanakin makaranta don kokarin yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. Ya zama wajibi ga masu fafutuka na SNCC cewa za a saka hannun jari ga dalibai a ayyukan hakkin jama'a saboda ana sa ran wannan dalibai zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jihar don aiwatar da canjin zamantakewa. A ƙarshen lokacin Makarantar 'Yanci, masu fafutuka da dalibai sun shirya taron jagorancin dalibai a ranar 8 ga Agusta, shekarata 1964, ranar bayan jana'izar James Chaney, daya daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan Chaney, Goodman, da Schwerner . An gudanar da taron a Meridian, Mississippi, a tsohuwar Makarantar Baptist ta Meridian . An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "fadar da'irar Makarantar 'Yanci." Kowace Makarantar 'Yanci ta aika wakilai uku zuwa taron don samar da dandalin matasa don Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party. Wakilan daliban sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi ayyuka, makarantu, harkokin kasashen waje, da matsugunan jama'a tare da ba da shawarwari ga jam'iyyar jihar. A karshen taron, dalibai sun shirya wata sanarwa da ta bukaci samun masaukin jama'a, Kuma ka'idojin gine-gine na kowane gida, hadaddiyar makarantu, tsarin ayyukan jama'a, da kuma nada kwararrun baki zuwa mukaman jihohi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci da dalibai sun ci gaba da jajircewa kan manufar Makarantar 'Yanci. A farkon watan Agustan shekarata 1964, an shirya shirye-shiryen ci gaba da Makarantun 'Yanci a cikin shekarar makaranta mai zuwa, kuma wasu malaman sa kai sun riga sun amince su zauna. Dalibai sun yanke shawarar, duk da haka, yayin taron Makarantar 'Yanci a farkon watan Agusta don ba za su ci gaba da makarantun ba. Duk da haka dalibai sun aiwatar da jagoranci da gwagwarmayar da suka samu a lokacin bazara a makarantunsu. Wasu daliban sun koma makaranta kuma sun bukaci ingantattun kayan aiki da karin kwasa-kwasai. Dalibai a Philadelphia, Mississippi, sun dawo makaranta sanye da maballan "Mutum daya, Kuri'a daya" SNCC &#x2014; wanda aka kore su. == Makarantar Ranar Makarantar Freedom, Philadelphia == John E. Churchville ne ya kafa Laburaren 'Yanci na Philadelphia a shekarata 1964. A cikin Yan shekaru masu zuwa ya fara ba da azuzuwan yamma kuma daga karshe ya mai da dakin karatu zuwa makaranta. Bayan kafuwar wannan makaranta, ya shirya gajerun kasidu da aka buga a cikin littafin, ''What Black Educators Are Saying'', wanda [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/24/obituaries/nathan-wright-jr-black-power-advocate-dies-at-81.html Nathan Wright Jr. ya] shirya kuma aka buga a shekarata 1970. Wannan makala ta kunshi yawancin tunanin Churchville game da yanayin motsi na Black Power da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na koyarwa na sabuwar Makarantar 'Yanci. Ya raina ra'ayoyin duka kungiyoyin al'adu da masu ci gaban kasa a matsayin facade kuma ba hakora ba. A gare shi, Harkar kishin kasa ta juyin juya hali wacce ta yi kira ga cikakken juyin juya hali a nan da kuma ko'ina a doron kasa, ita ce mafi inganci da gaskiya ga ka'idojinta. Sun gano batutuwan cikin rukuni da na daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar bakar fata a Amurka kuma hanya daya tilo ta zama dan juyin juya hali da gaske ita ce ta sake haihuwa; wani iko na waje ya yi aiki wanda ya fara kawar da ku daga wadannan gazawar. Makarantun da kansu sun dogara ne akan tsari mai sauki na fifiko. Idan ilimi shine shigar matasa cikin tsarin akida, to dole ne Makarantar 'Yanci ta sake ilmantar da yaran bakaken fata su yi watsi da babbar akida tare da gina sabon tsari. Don yin wannan, kashi na farko na koyarwa da za a kafa dole ne ya zama sabuwar akidar makarantar. Bayan haka, Kuma dole ne a nemo malaman da za su iya dinke barakar da ke tsakanin asali da kuma ketare, kasancewar su darasi ne ga dalibansu na ciki da wajen aji. A karshe, an tsara tsarin karatun don bayyana ainihin halin da baƙar fata ke ciki da kuma koyar da kayan aiki da kwarewa don magance wannan gaskiyar. Tsarin karatun kamar yadda Churchville ya bayyana abin hawa ne kawai don koyar da gaskiyar juyin juya hali; abubuwan da ke ciki galibi basu da mahimmanci kamar yadda bincike ne wanda zai nuna gaskiyar. Hukumar FBI ta kai farmaki makarantar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarata 1966, bisa zargin tanada kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda. Bayan farmakin, Churchville ya daina fafutuka. == Gado == Za a iya ganin wani bangare na gadon Makarantar 'Yanci a cikin makarantun da ke rike da suna a yau: Akwesasne Freedom School a kan Mohawk Indian ajiyar ; Makarantun 'Yanci a St. Louis, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da [[Chicago]], Illinois, Tyree Scott Freedom School a Seattle, Washington, da Makarantar 'Yanci ta Paulo Freire a Tucson, Arizona. Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) yana gudanar da shirin Makarantar 'Yanci na zamani a duk fadin kasar. An hada wannan shirin ta hanyar bakar fata Al'umma na Crusade don Yara na Asusun Tsaro na Yara. Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF na kasa yana aiki sama da wuraren shirye-shiryen bazara 130 a cikin jihohi 24 a fadin kasar wadanda ke hidima ga yara kusan 12,000. A [[Michigan]] kungiyar Black Radical Congress a [[Detroit]] ta kaddamar da kamfen don kirkirar samfuri bisa ga Makarantun 'Yanci. Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia yunƙuyri ne na ilimin al'umma mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sigar zamani na tsarin karatun Mississippi tare da mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, Kuma aikin zamantakewa da jagoranci tsakanin tsararraki. Ana shirya Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2010-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419163246/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta hanyar hukumar jagora, Al'umma A Makarantu. <ref>http://www.cisphl.org</ref> Jami'ar 'Yanci [[Atlanta|ta Atlanta]], makarantar 'yanci ta zamani kuma makaranta ce kawai a cikin duniya inda duk dalibai ba su da takardar izinin shiga ba tare da izini ba, suna ba da kyauta na koyarwa, sannan tsarin karatun koleji na 'yanci wanda ke taimakawa matasa marasa izini su sami ilimi mafi girma. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ruleville, Mississippi * Gluckstadt, Mississippi * Carthage, Mississippi == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * William Sturkey da Jon N. Hale (eds. ), ''Don Rubuta cikin Hasken 'Yanci: Jaridu na Makarantun 'Yancin Mississippi na 1964.'' Jackson, MS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Mississippi, 2015. * Jon N. Hale, ''Makarantun 'Yanci: Masu fafutuka na dalibai a cikin Kungiyar Hakkin Bil'adama ta Mississippi'' . (New York: Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2016) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum] * [http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html/ Tarihin Makarantar 'Yanci ta Mississippi & Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203045010/http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 Darussa daga Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115163305/http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 |date=2017-01-15 }} ~ tallafin littafin karatu don nazarin Tsarin Makarantun 'Yanci na 1964 * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm Wurin Ilimi na Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091730/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm |date=2013-11-04 }} * [http://www.sfacs.us/ Sankofa Freedom Academy Charter School] * [http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html Bayani game da Bakin Al'umma Crusade ga Yara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030027/http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm Lokacin bazara da Makarantun 'Yanci] * [http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html Bayanin Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005845/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html |date=2008-04-22 }} * [http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Makarantun 'Yanci] ~ Taskar 'Yancin Jama'a * [http://chicagofreedomschool.org/ Makarantar 'Yanci ta Chicago] * [http://garyfreedomschool.org/ Makarantar Gary Freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002045/http://garyfreedomschool.org/ |date=2017-11-16 }} * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/sffreedomschool/ San Francisco Freedom School] * [http://www.sunflowerfreedom.org Aikin Yancin Yankin Sunflower] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] r3qh10g4w30byy81on5mtlh3l0wb1xn 974945 974944 2026-11-01T18:47:52Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 974945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Soldiers pay a special visit to about 300 children at Baghdad Airport Prima DVIDS10081.jpg|thumb|Makarantu masu yanci]] '''Makarantun Ƴanci''' sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|Amurkawa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cd14d4z14rko.amp&ved=2ahUKEwimo6-D8PuGAxW2WUEAHbh3DvcQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1QAeK_7xQYPB0tC6Nq_6zr</nowiki></ref>[[Afirkawan Amurka|, Afirka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/babban-jamiin-jks-ya-gana-da-tawagar-alkalai-daga-afrika/&ved=2ahUKEwjjvbGn8PuGAxXCaEEAHcs0AfcQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw349FxgdP9OCoBKS7yHKXjM</nowiki></ref> galibi a [[Kudu]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://aminiya.ng/abin-da-ke-hana-yan-arewa-cin-gajiyar-siyasa-a-kudu/&ved=2ahUKEwjs6p3J8PuGAxWaU0EAHQK7DUcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw1On7_irExTQtO79H5gWzlx</nowiki></ref>. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara [[Amurkawa]] na [[Afirka]] don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, [[siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1599283-ba-ku-tsoron-allah-malamin-musulunci-ya-kunyata-yan-siyasa-a-zaman-makokin-tsohon-gwamna/&ved=2ahUKEwi91-jk8PuGAxWyQ0EAHTUEAkYQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw1jK4heoBF9wUxoWu5qqZ36</nowiki></ref> da [[tattalin arziki]] a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964). == Tarihi == Duk da hukuncin Kotun Koli na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da huɗu (1954) a cikin ''Brown v.'' Shari'ar ''Hukumar Ilimi'' ta lalata tsarin makarantun kebe, a tsakiyar shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da sittin daidai 1960s Mississippi har yanzu tana kiyaye tsarin makarantar farare da "launi mara daidaituwa. A matsakaita, jihar ta kashe $81.66 don ilimantar da dalibi farar fata idan aka kwatanta da $21.77 kawai ga dalibi bakar fata. Mississippi ta kasance daya daga cikin jihohi biyu kacal a cikin kungiyar da ba su da dokar ilimi ta tilas kuma yara da yawa a yankunan karkara an tura su aiki a fagen kuma basu sami karancin ilimi kwata-kwataba. Hatta manhajar karatu ta banbanta na fari da baki. A matsayin misali na yau da kullun, hukumar makarantar farar fata ta Bolivar County ta ba da umarnin cewa "Ba za a koyar da harsunan waje ko al'ada a makarantun Negro ba. Kuma ba za a koyar da tarihin Amurka daga shekarata dubu daya da1860 zuwa 1875 ba." A karshen shekarata 1963, Charles Cobb, mai fafutuka na Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), ya ba da shawarar kungiyar ta dauki nauyin hanyar sadarwa na Makarantun 'Yanci, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar misalan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su a baya a wasu garuruwa. A lokacin bazara na shekarata 1963, hukumar ilimi ta gundumar Prince Edward County, Virginia ta rufe makarantun jama'a maimakon hada su bayan an gurfanar da su a shari'ar da ta biyo bayan ''Brown vs.'' ''Hukumar Ilimi'', don haka Makarantun 'Yanci suka bullo a madadinsu. A cikin Satumba, shekarar 1963, kimanin dalibai 3,000 ne suka halarci zanga-zangar Stay Out for [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|Freedom]] a [[Boston]], maimakon su halarci Makarantun 'Yanci na al'umma. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1963, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar 'Yanci, sama da dalibai 200,000 suka kaura cewa Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don nuna adawa da wariya da karancin yanayin makaranta, tare da wasu suna halartar Makarantun 'Yanci maimakon. Daga baya, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, shekarar 1964 a wata zanga-zangar ranar 'Yanci makamanciyar wannan, sama da dalibai 450,000 suka halarci kaura cewa makarantun jama'a na birnin New York a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girman zanga-zangar 'yancin dan adam na shekarata 1960s, kuma har zuwa dalibai 100,000 sun halarci madadin. Makarantun 'Yanci. == Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi == An habaka Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi a matsayin wani bangare na shekarata 1964 Freedom Summer yancin aikin, wani gagarumin kokari wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da ilmantar da daliban Mississippi don canjin zamantakewa. Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kasa (COFO) &#x2014; kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a na masu fafutuka da kudade da aka samo daga SNCC, CORE, NAACP, da SCLC &#x2014; a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, hadin gwiwar Freedom Summer. Ainihin aikin ya kasance yakin neman rajistar masu kada kuri’a a duk fadin jihar, kuma masu shirya zaben sun bukaci masu sa kai dubu daya su taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan aiki. Kuma Masu fafutuka sun yi shirin gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Demokradiyya mai kama da juna, saboda bakar fata masu jefa kuri'a cikin tsari ya haifar da wakilai masu farar fata zuwa Zaben shugaban kasa. Wadannan kokarce-kokarce sun kare a kirkirar Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party . Duka wakilan hukuma da Jam'iyyar Democratic Democratic Party ta Mississippi sun tafi taron a shekarata1964 na Democratic Democratic a Atlantic City, [[New Jersey]] . A cikin Disamba Shekarata 1963, a lokacin shirye-shiryen shirin bazara na 'Yanci mai zuwa, Charles Cobb ya ba da shawarar hanyar sadarwa ta "Makarantar 'Yanci" wacce za ta habaka shiga siyasa tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare na Mississippi, baya ga bayar da darussan ilimi da tattaunawa. Masu fafutuka da ke shirya aikin bazara na 'Yanci sun yarda da shawarar Cobb kuma a cikin Maris 1964 sun shirya taron tsara tsarin karatu a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a karkashin tallafin Majalisar Ikklisiya ta kasa . Farfesan tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman Staughton Lynd an nada shi Daraktan shirin Makarantar 'Yanci. A tsawon lokacin bazarar 'Yanci, an kafa Makarantun 'Yanci sama da 40 a cikin al'ummomin baki a duk fadin Mississippi. Manufar ita ce a yi kokarin kawo karshen kaura na siyasa na Amurkawa na Afirka ta hanyar karfafa dalibai su zama Yan kasa masu himma da shiga cikin al'umma a cikin al'umma. Sama da daliban Amurkawa 3,000 na Afirka sun halarci wadannan makarantu a lokacin rani na shekarata 1964. Dalibai sun kasance tun daga kanana yara zuwa manya masu matsakaicin shekaru 15. Malamai sun kasance masu aikin sa kai, yawancin su daliban koleji ne da kansu. <ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Freedom Schools] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> == Manufar siyasa da ilimi == An tsara Makarantun 'Yanci tare da manufofin siyasa da na ilimi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci za su ilimantar da daliban firamare da sakandare don zama wakilan canjin zamantakewa da za su shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a da ke gudana, galibi a kokarin rajistar masu zabe. Kuma An raba tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa sassa bakwai na asali wadanda suka yi nazarin yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin dangantakar kabilanci da kuma Kungiyar Hakkin Bil Adama. An karfafa habakar jagoranci, ban da karin kwarewar ilimi na gargajiya. Ilimin a Makarantun 'Yanci ya shafi dalibai ne kuma ya dace da al'ada. Sannan An gina manhajar karatu da koyarwa bisa bukatun daliban, an karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin dalibai da malamai (maimakon lacca) sannan masu tsara manhajoji sun karfafa wa malamai kwarin gwiwar yin koyarwa bisa kwarewar dalibansu. == Tsarin karatu == Bunkasa manhajar karatu ya ta’allaka ne da taron manhajar karatu, wanda ya kunshi malamai da daraktoci suna tattaunawa kan irin ilimin da za a koyar a makarantun ‘yanci. Dole ne malamai su rubuta jita-jita don tsara tsarin karatun su. An gaya musu su tuna yadda rayuwa take a Mississippi da dan gajeren lokacin da suke da shi don koyar da kayan. Dole ne tsarin karatun ya kasance mai son malamai kuma ya zama mai amfani ga dalibai nan da nan, tare da dogara kan tambayoyi da ayyuka. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tambayoyi da tattaunawa maimakon haddar gaskiya da kwanan wata. Kuma Umarnin ga malamai sun haɗa da: : Game da tsarin aji, tambaya shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Ba shi da ma'ana a cika daliban da bayanan da ba zai iya fahimta ba; tambaya ita ce hanyar wayewa. . . Darajar Makarantun 'Yanci za su samu ne daga abin da malamai ke iya ba wa dalibai ta fuskar fahimta da bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da taron manhajar ya tattaro Yan kasa na asali da asali daban-daban, kayyadaddun tsarin koyarwa na karshe ya kunshi abubuwa daga asali daban-daban kuma ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku. Bangarorin uku na manhajar Makarantun ‘Yanci su ne manhajar Ilimi, manhajar zama dan kasa, da Kuma manhajar nishadi. Manufar wadannan sassan shine don koya wa dalibai canjin zamantakewa a cikin makarantar; tarihin yanki; tarihin bakar fata; yadda ake amsa budaddiyar tambayoyi; da bunkasa fasahar ilimi. Manhajar Ilimi ta kunshi karatu, rubutu, da ayyukan baki wadanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da daliban ya samu. Tsarin karatun zama dan kasa shine don karfafa dalibai su yi tambayoyi game da al'umma. Tsarin Nishadi ya bukaci daliban ya kasance mai motsa jiki. A yawancin makarantu, Manhajar zama dan kasa ta mai da hankali kan nau'ikan tambayoyi biyu masu alaka don tattaunawar aji: : Me yasa muke (malamai da dalibai) a Makarantun 'Yanci? : Menene Kungiyar 'Yanci? : Wadanne hanyoyi ne kungiyar Freedom Movement ke ba mu? : Menene yawancin al'adun da muke so? : Menene yawancin al'adun da ba mu so? : Menene muke da shi da muke so mu kiyaye? == Shekara ta farko == An bude Makarantun 'Yanci a makon farko na Yuli shekarata 1964, bayan kusan malaman sa kai na Makarantar 'Yanci 250 sun halarci zaman horo na mako guda a Kwalejin Mata ta Yamma a Oxford, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . Shirye-shiryen na asali sun yi tsammanin Makarantun 'Yanci 25 da dalibai 1,000; a karshen bazara, an bude makarantu 41 ga dalibai sama da 2,500. An kafa Makarantun 'Yanci tare da taimako da jajircewar al'ummomin yankin, wadanda suka samar da gine-gine daban-daban na makarantu da gidaje ga malaman sa kai. Yayin da ake gudanar da wasu makarantun a wuraren shakatawa, dakunan girki, da gidajen zama, da kuma karkashin bishiyoyi, yawancin azuzuwan ana gudanar da su ne a cikin majami'u ko ginshiƙan coci. Halartar ta bambanta a duk lokacin bazara. Wasu makarantu sun sami daidaiton halarta, amma banda wannan. Saboda halartan taron bai zama tilas ba, daukar ma'aikata da kuma kula da zuwan kila shine kalubalen firamare da makarantun suka fuskanta. Kuma A Clarksdale, Mississippi, alal misali, matsakaicin yawan halartar dalibai a cikin makon farko ya kasance goma sha biyar, mako na biyu kuma takwas ne, amma a kowane lokaci a lokacin bazara, makarantar na iya samun halartar dalibai kusan talatin da biyar. Ba kasafai ba ne manya su rika zuwa aji akai-akai. An canza umarni bisa yanayin gida. A yankunan karkara da ake sa ran dalibai za su yi aiki a lokacin makaranta, yawanci ana yin karatu da daddare. A makarantun da ke kula da lokutan makaranta na al'ada, yawanci a cikin birane, ana ba da tsarin karatun zama dan kasa da kwasa-kwasan ilimi na gargajiya da safe kuma ana ba da azuzuwan na musamman kamar kida, wasan kwaikwayo, Kuma da buga rubutu da rana. A yawancin lokuta, za a kebe duk kwanakin makaranta don kokarin yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. Ya zama wajibi ga masu fafutuka na SNCC cewa za a saka hannun jari ga dalibai a ayyukan hakkin jama'a saboda ana sa ran wannan dalibai zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jihar don aiwatar da canjin zamantakewa. A ƙarshen lokacin Makarantar 'Yanci, masu fafutuka da dalibai sun shirya taron jagorancin dalibai a ranar 8 ga Agusta, shekarata 1964, ranar bayan jana'izar James Chaney, daya daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan Chaney, Goodman, da Schwerner . An gudanar da taron a Meridian, Mississippi, a tsohuwar Makarantar Baptist ta Meridian . An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "fadar da'irar Makarantar 'Yanci." Kowace Makarantar 'Yanci ta aika wakilai uku zuwa taron don samar da dandalin matasa don Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party. Wakilan daliban sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi ayyuka, makarantu, harkokin kasashen waje, da matsugunan jama'a tare da ba da shawarwari ga jam'iyyar jihar. A karshen taron, dalibai sun shirya wata sanarwa da ta bukaci samun masaukin jama'a, Kuma ka'idojin gine-gine na kowane gida, hadaddiyar makarantu, tsarin ayyukan jama'a, da kuma nada kwararrun baki zuwa mukaman jihohi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci da dalibai sun ci gaba da jajircewa kan manufar Makarantar 'Yanci. A farkon watan Agustan shekarata 1964, an shirya shirye-shiryen ci gaba da Makarantun 'Yanci a cikin shekarar makaranta mai zuwa, kuma wasu malaman sa kai sun riga sun amince su zauna. Dalibai sun yanke shawarar, duk da haka, yayin taron Makarantar 'Yanci a farkon watan Agusta don ba za su ci gaba da makarantun ba. Duk da haka dalibai sun aiwatar da jagoranci da gwagwarmayar da suka samu a lokacin bazara a makarantunsu. Wasu daliban sun koma makaranta kuma sun bukaci ingantattun kayan aiki da karin kwasa-kwasai. Dalibai a Philadelphia, Mississippi, sun dawo makaranta sanye da maballan "Mutum daya, Kuri'a daya" SNCC &#x2014; wanda aka kore su. == Makarantar Ranar Makarantar Freedom, Philadelphia == John E. Churchville ne ya kafa Laburaren 'Yanci na Philadelphia a shekarata 1964. A cikin Yan shekaru masu zuwa ya fara ba da azuzuwan yamma kuma daga karshe ya mai da dakin karatu zuwa makaranta. Bayan kafuwar wannan makaranta, ya shirya gajerun kasidu da aka buga a cikin littafin, ''What Black Educators Are Saying'', wanda [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/24/obituaries/nathan-wright-jr-black-power-advocate-dies-at-81.html Nathan Wright Jr. ya] shirya kuma aka buga a shekarata 1970. Wannan makala ta kunshi yawancin tunanin Churchville game da yanayin motsi na Black Power da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na koyarwa na sabuwar Makarantar 'Yanci. Ya raina ra'ayoyin duka kungiyoyin al'adu da masu ci gaban kasa a matsayin facade kuma ba hakora ba. A gare shi, Harkar kishin kasa ta juyin juya hali wacce ta yi kira ga cikakken juyin juya hali a nan da kuma ko'ina a doron kasa, ita ce mafi inganci da gaskiya ga ka'idojinta. Sun gano batutuwan cikin rukuni da na daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar bakar fata a Amurka kuma hanya daya tilo ta zama dan juyin juya hali da gaske ita ce ta sake haihuwa; wani iko na waje ya yi aiki wanda ya fara kawar da ku daga wadannan gazawar. Makarantun da kansu sun dogara ne akan tsari mai sauki na fifiko. Idan ilimi shine shigar matasa cikin tsarin akida, to dole ne Makarantar 'Yanci ta sake ilmantar da yaran bakaken fata su yi watsi da babbar akida tare da gina sabon tsari. Don yin wannan, kashi na farko na koyarwa da za a kafa dole ne ya zama sabuwar akidar makarantar. Bayan haka, Kuma dole ne a nemo malaman da za su iya dinke barakar da ke tsakanin asali da kuma ketare, kasancewar su darasi ne ga dalibansu na ciki da wajen aji. A karshe, an tsara tsarin karatun don bayyana ainihin halin da baƙar fata ke ciki da kuma koyar da kayan aiki da kwarewa don magance wannan gaskiyar. Tsarin karatun kamar yadda Churchville ya bayyana abin hawa ne kawai don koyar da gaskiyar juyin juya hali; abubuwan da ke ciki galibi basu da mahimmanci kamar yadda bincike ne wanda zai nuna gaskiyar. Hukumar FBI ta kai farmaki makarantar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarata 1966, bisa zargin tanada kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda. Bayan farmakin, Churchville ya daina fafutuka. == Gado == Za a iya ganin wani bangare na gadon Makarantar 'Yanci a cikin makarantun da ke rike da suna a yau: Akwesasne Freedom School a kan Mohawk Indian ajiyar ; Makarantun 'Yanci a St. Louis, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da [[Chicago]], Illinois, Tyree Scott Freedom School a Seattle, Washington, da Makarantar 'Yanci ta Paulo Freire a Tucson, Arizona. Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) yana gudanar da shirin Makarantar 'Yanci na zamani a duk fadin kasar. An hada wannan shirin ta hanyar bakar fata Al'umma na Crusade don Yara na Asusun Tsaro na Yara. Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF na kasa yana aiki sama da wuraren shirye-shiryen bazara 130 a cikin jihohi 24 a fadin kasar wadanda ke hidima ga yara kusan 12,000. A [[Michigan]] kungiyar Black Radical Congress a [[Detroit]] ta kaddamar da kamfen don kirkirar samfuri bisa ga Makarantun 'Yanci. Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia yunƙuyri ne na ilimin al'umma mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sigar zamani na tsarin karatun Mississippi tare da mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, Kuma aikin zamantakewa da jagoranci tsakanin tsararraki. Ana shirya Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2010-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419163246/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta hanyar hukumar jagora, Al'umma A Makarantu. <ref>http://www.cisphl.org</ref> Jami'ar 'Yanci [[Atlanta|ta Atlanta]], makarantar 'yanci ta zamani kuma makaranta ce kawai a cikin duniya inda duk dalibai ba su da takardar izinin shiga ba tare da izini ba, suna ba da kyauta na koyarwa, sannan tsarin karatun koleji na 'yanci wanda ke taimakawa matasa marasa izini su sami ilimi mafi girma. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ruleville, Mississippi * Gluckstadt, Mississippi * Carthage, Mississippi == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * William Sturkey da Jon N. Hale (eds. ), ''Don Rubuta cikin Hasken 'Yanci: Jaridu na Makarantun 'Yancin Mississippi na 1964.'' Jackson, MS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Mississippi, 2015. * Jon N. Hale, ''Makarantun 'Yanci: Masu fafutuka na dalibai a cikin Kungiyar Hakkin Bil'adama ta Mississippi'' . (New York: Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2016) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum] * [http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html/ Tarihin Makarantar 'Yanci ta Mississippi & Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203045010/http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 Darussa daga Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115163305/http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 |date=2017-01-15 }} ~ tallafin littafin karatu don nazarin Tsarin Makarantun 'Yanci na 1964 * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm Wurin Ilimi na Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091730/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm |date=2013-11-04 }} * [http://www.sfacs.us/ Sankofa Freedom Academy Charter School] * [http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html Bayani game da Bakin Al'umma Crusade ga Yara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030027/http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm Lokacin bazara da Makarantun 'Yanci] * [http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html Bayanin Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005845/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html |date=2008-04-22 }} * [http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Makarantun 'Yanci] ~ Taskar 'Yancin Jama'a * [http://chicagofreedomschool.org/ Makarantar 'Yanci ta Chicago] * [http://garyfreedomschool.org/ Makarantar Gary Freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002045/http://garyfreedomschool.org/ |date=2017-11-16 }} * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/sffreedomschool/ San Francisco Freedom School] * [http://www.sunflowerfreedom.org Aikin Yancin Yankin Sunflower] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jszb81gn654pxb02itayk1dno6f3fys 974946 974945 2026-11-01T18:48:34Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 974946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Soldiers pay a special visit to about 300 children at Baghdad Airport Prima DVIDS10081.jpg|thumb|Makarantu masu yanci]] '''Makarantun Ƴanci''' sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|Amurkawa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cd14d4z14rko.amp&ved=2ahUKEwimo6-D8PuGAxW2WUEAHbh3DvcQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1QAeK_7xQYPB0tC6Nq_6zr</nowiki></ref>[[Afirkawan Amurka|, Afirka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/babban-jamiin-jks-ya-gana-da-tawagar-alkalai-daga-afrika/&ved=2ahUKEwjjvbGn8PuGAxXCaEEAHcs0AfcQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw349FxgdP9OCoBKS7yHKXjM</nowiki></ref> galibi a [[Kudu]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://aminiya.ng/abin-da-ke-hana-yan-arewa-cin-gajiyar-siyasa-a-kudu/&ved=2ahUKEwjs6p3J8PuGAxWaU0EAHQK7DUcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw1On7_irExTQtO79H5gWzlx</nowiki></ref>. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara [[Amurkawa]] na [[Afirka]] don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, [[siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1599283-ba-ku-tsoron-allah-malamin-musulunci-ya-kunyata-yan-siyasa-a-zaman-makokin-tsohon-gwamna/&ved=2ahUKEwi91-jk8PuGAxWyQ0EAHTUEAkYQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw1jK4heoBF9wUxoWu5qqZ36</nowiki></ref> da [[tattalin arziki]] a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964). == Tarihi == Duk da hukuncin Kotun Koli na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da huɗu (1954) a cikin ''Brown v.'' Shari'ar ''Hukumar Ilimi'' ta lalata tsarin makarantun kebe, a tsakiyar shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da sittin daidai 1960s Mississippi har yanzu tana kiyaye tsarin makarantar farare da "launi mara daidaituwa. A matsakaita, jihar ta kashe $81.66 don ilimantar da dalibi farar fata idan aka kwatanta da $21.77 kawai ga dalibi bakar fata. Mississippi ta kasance daya daga cikin jihohi biyu kacal a cikin kungiyar da ba su da dokar ilimi ta tilas kuma yara da yawa a yankunan karkara an tura su aiki a fagen kuma basu sami karancin ilimi kwata-kwataba. Hatta manhajar karatu ta banbanta na fari da baki. A matsayin misali na yau da kullun, hukumar makarantar farar fata ta Bolivar County ta ba da umarnin cewa "Ba za a koyar da harsunan waje ko al'ada a makarantun Negro ba. Kuma ba za a koyar da tarihin Amurka daga shekarata dubu daya da dari takwas 1860 zuwa 1875 ba." A karshen shekarata 1963, Charles Cobb, mai fafutuka na Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), ya ba da shawarar kungiyar ta dauki nauyin hanyar sadarwa na Makarantun 'Yanci, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar misalan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su a baya a wasu garuruwa. A lokacin bazara na shekarata 1963, hukumar ilimi ta gundumar Prince Edward County, Virginia ta rufe makarantun jama'a maimakon hada su bayan an gurfanar da su a shari'ar da ta biyo bayan ''Brown vs.'' ''Hukumar Ilimi'', don haka Makarantun 'Yanci suka bullo a madadinsu. A cikin Satumba, shekarar 1963, kimanin dalibai 3,000 ne suka halarci zanga-zangar Stay Out for [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|Freedom]] a [[Boston]], maimakon su halarci Makarantun 'Yanci na al'umma. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1963, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar 'Yanci, sama da dalibai 200,000 suka kaura cewa Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don nuna adawa da wariya da karancin yanayin makaranta, tare da wasu suna halartar Makarantun 'Yanci maimakon. Daga baya, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, shekarar 1964 a wata zanga-zangar ranar 'Yanci makamanciyar wannan, sama da dalibai 450,000 suka halarci kaura cewa makarantun jama'a na birnin New York a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girman zanga-zangar 'yancin dan adam na shekarata 1960s, kuma har zuwa dalibai 100,000 sun halarci madadin. Makarantun 'Yanci. == Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi == An habaka Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi a matsayin wani bangare na shekarata 1964 Freedom Summer yancin aikin, wani gagarumin kokari wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da ilmantar da daliban Mississippi don canjin zamantakewa. Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kasa (COFO) &#x2014; kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a na masu fafutuka da kudade da aka samo daga SNCC, CORE, NAACP, da SCLC &#x2014; a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, hadin gwiwar Freedom Summer. Ainihin aikin ya kasance yakin neman rajistar masu kada kuri’a a duk fadin jihar, kuma masu shirya zaben sun bukaci masu sa kai dubu daya su taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan aiki. Kuma Masu fafutuka sun yi shirin gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Demokradiyya mai kama da juna, saboda bakar fata masu jefa kuri'a cikin tsari ya haifar da wakilai masu farar fata zuwa Zaben shugaban kasa. Wadannan kokarce-kokarce sun kare a kirkirar Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party . Duka wakilan hukuma da Jam'iyyar Democratic Democratic Party ta Mississippi sun tafi taron a shekarata1964 na Democratic Democratic a Atlantic City, [[New Jersey]] . A cikin Disamba Shekarata 1963, a lokacin shirye-shiryen shirin bazara na 'Yanci mai zuwa, Charles Cobb ya ba da shawarar hanyar sadarwa ta "Makarantar 'Yanci" wacce za ta habaka shiga siyasa tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare na Mississippi, baya ga bayar da darussan ilimi da tattaunawa. Masu fafutuka da ke shirya aikin bazara na 'Yanci sun yarda da shawarar Cobb kuma a cikin Maris 1964 sun shirya taron tsara tsarin karatu a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a karkashin tallafin Majalisar Ikklisiya ta kasa . Farfesan tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman Staughton Lynd an nada shi Daraktan shirin Makarantar 'Yanci. A tsawon lokacin bazarar 'Yanci, an kafa Makarantun 'Yanci sama da 40 a cikin al'ummomin baki a duk fadin Mississippi. Manufar ita ce a yi kokarin kawo karshen kaura na siyasa na Amurkawa na Afirka ta hanyar karfafa dalibai su zama Yan kasa masu himma da shiga cikin al'umma a cikin al'umma. Sama da daliban Amurkawa 3,000 na Afirka sun halarci wadannan makarantu a lokacin rani na shekarata 1964. Dalibai sun kasance tun daga kanana yara zuwa manya masu matsakaicin shekaru 15. Malamai sun kasance masu aikin sa kai, yawancin su daliban koleji ne da kansu. <ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Freedom Schools] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> == Manufar siyasa da ilimi == An tsara Makarantun 'Yanci tare da manufofin siyasa da na ilimi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci za su ilimantar da daliban firamare da sakandare don zama wakilan canjin zamantakewa da za su shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a da ke gudana, galibi a kokarin rajistar masu zabe. Kuma An raba tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa sassa bakwai na asali wadanda suka yi nazarin yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin dangantakar kabilanci da kuma Kungiyar Hakkin Bil Adama. An karfafa habakar jagoranci, ban da karin kwarewar ilimi na gargajiya. Ilimin a Makarantun 'Yanci ya shafi dalibai ne kuma ya dace da al'ada. Sannan An gina manhajar karatu da koyarwa bisa bukatun daliban, an karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin dalibai da malamai (maimakon lacca) sannan masu tsara manhajoji sun karfafa wa malamai kwarin gwiwar yin koyarwa bisa kwarewar dalibansu. == Tsarin karatu == Bunkasa manhajar karatu ya ta’allaka ne da taron manhajar karatu, wanda ya kunshi malamai da daraktoci suna tattaunawa kan irin ilimin da za a koyar a makarantun ‘yanci. Dole ne malamai su rubuta jita-jita don tsara tsarin karatun su. An gaya musu su tuna yadda rayuwa take a Mississippi da dan gajeren lokacin da suke da shi don koyar da kayan. Dole ne tsarin karatun ya kasance mai son malamai kuma ya zama mai amfani ga dalibai nan da nan, tare da dogara kan tambayoyi da ayyuka. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tambayoyi da tattaunawa maimakon haddar gaskiya da kwanan wata. Kuma Umarnin ga malamai sun haɗa da: : Game da tsarin aji, tambaya shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Ba shi da ma'ana a cika daliban da bayanan da ba zai iya fahimta ba; tambaya ita ce hanyar wayewa. . . Darajar Makarantun 'Yanci za su samu ne daga abin da malamai ke iya ba wa dalibai ta fuskar fahimta da bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da taron manhajar ya tattaro Yan kasa na asali da asali daban-daban, kayyadaddun tsarin koyarwa na karshe ya kunshi abubuwa daga asali daban-daban kuma ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku. Bangarorin uku na manhajar Makarantun ‘Yanci su ne manhajar Ilimi, manhajar zama dan kasa, da Kuma manhajar nishadi. Manufar wadannan sassan shine don koya wa dalibai canjin zamantakewa a cikin makarantar; tarihin yanki; tarihin bakar fata; yadda ake amsa budaddiyar tambayoyi; da bunkasa fasahar ilimi. Manhajar Ilimi ta kunshi karatu, rubutu, da ayyukan baki wadanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da daliban ya samu. Tsarin karatun zama dan kasa shine don karfafa dalibai su yi tambayoyi game da al'umma. Tsarin Nishadi ya bukaci daliban ya kasance mai motsa jiki. A yawancin makarantu, Manhajar zama dan kasa ta mai da hankali kan nau'ikan tambayoyi biyu masu alaka don tattaunawar aji: : Me yasa muke (malamai da dalibai) a Makarantun 'Yanci? : Menene Kungiyar 'Yanci? : Wadanne hanyoyi ne kungiyar Freedom Movement ke ba mu? : Menene yawancin al'adun da muke so? : Menene yawancin al'adun da ba mu so? : Menene muke da shi da muke so mu kiyaye? == Shekara ta farko == An bude Makarantun 'Yanci a makon farko na Yuli shekarata 1964, bayan kusan malaman sa kai na Makarantar 'Yanci 250 sun halarci zaman horo na mako guda a Kwalejin Mata ta Yamma a Oxford, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . Shirye-shiryen na asali sun yi tsammanin Makarantun 'Yanci 25 da dalibai 1,000; a karshen bazara, an bude makarantu 41 ga dalibai sama da 2,500. An kafa Makarantun 'Yanci tare da taimako da jajircewar al'ummomin yankin, wadanda suka samar da gine-gine daban-daban na makarantu da gidaje ga malaman sa kai. Yayin da ake gudanar da wasu makarantun a wuraren shakatawa, dakunan girki, da gidajen zama, da kuma karkashin bishiyoyi, yawancin azuzuwan ana gudanar da su ne a cikin majami'u ko ginshiƙan coci. Halartar ta bambanta a duk lokacin bazara. Wasu makarantu sun sami daidaiton halarta, amma banda wannan. Saboda halartan taron bai zama tilas ba, daukar ma'aikata da kuma kula da zuwan kila shine kalubalen firamare da makarantun suka fuskanta. Kuma A Clarksdale, Mississippi, alal misali, matsakaicin yawan halartar dalibai a cikin makon farko ya kasance goma sha biyar, mako na biyu kuma takwas ne, amma a kowane lokaci a lokacin bazara, makarantar na iya samun halartar dalibai kusan talatin da biyar. Ba kasafai ba ne manya su rika zuwa aji akai-akai. An canza umarni bisa yanayin gida. A yankunan karkara da ake sa ran dalibai za su yi aiki a lokacin makaranta, yawanci ana yin karatu da daddare. A makarantun da ke kula da lokutan makaranta na al'ada, yawanci a cikin birane, ana ba da tsarin karatun zama dan kasa da kwasa-kwasan ilimi na gargajiya da safe kuma ana ba da azuzuwan na musamman kamar kida, wasan kwaikwayo, Kuma da buga rubutu da rana. A yawancin lokuta, za a kebe duk kwanakin makaranta don kokarin yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. Ya zama wajibi ga masu fafutuka na SNCC cewa za a saka hannun jari ga dalibai a ayyukan hakkin jama'a saboda ana sa ran wannan dalibai zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jihar don aiwatar da canjin zamantakewa. A ƙarshen lokacin Makarantar 'Yanci, masu fafutuka da dalibai sun shirya taron jagorancin dalibai a ranar 8 ga Agusta, shekarata 1964, ranar bayan jana'izar James Chaney, daya daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan Chaney, Goodman, da Schwerner . An gudanar da taron a Meridian, Mississippi, a tsohuwar Makarantar Baptist ta Meridian . An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "fadar da'irar Makarantar 'Yanci." Kowace Makarantar 'Yanci ta aika wakilai uku zuwa taron don samar da dandalin matasa don Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party. Wakilan daliban sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi ayyuka, makarantu, harkokin kasashen waje, da matsugunan jama'a tare da ba da shawarwari ga jam'iyyar jihar. A karshen taron, dalibai sun shirya wata sanarwa da ta bukaci samun masaukin jama'a, Kuma ka'idojin gine-gine na kowane gida, hadaddiyar makarantu, tsarin ayyukan jama'a, da kuma nada kwararrun baki zuwa mukaman jihohi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci da dalibai sun ci gaba da jajircewa kan manufar Makarantar 'Yanci. A farkon watan Agustan shekarata 1964, an shirya shirye-shiryen ci gaba da Makarantun 'Yanci a cikin shekarar makaranta mai zuwa, kuma wasu malaman sa kai sun riga sun amince su zauna. Dalibai sun yanke shawarar, duk da haka, yayin taron Makarantar 'Yanci a farkon watan Agusta don ba za su ci gaba da makarantun ba. Duk da haka dalibai sun aiwatar da jagoranci da gwagwarmayar da suka samu a lokacin bazara a makarantunsu. Wasu daliban sun koma makaranta kuma sun bukaci ingantattun kayan aiki da karin kwasa-kwasai. Dalibai a Philadelphia, Mississippi, sun dawo makaranta sanye da maballan "Mutum daya, Kuri'a daya" SNCC &#x2014; wanda aka kore su. == Makarantar Ranar Makarantar Freedom, Philadelphia == John E. Churchville ne ya kafa Laburaren 'Yanci na Philadelphia a shekarata 1964. A cikin Yan shekaru masu zuwa ya fara ba da azuzuwan yamma kuma daga karshe ya mai da dakin karatu zuwa makaranta. Bayan kafuwar wannan makaranta, ya shirya gajerun kasidu da aka buga a cikin littafin, ''What Black Educators Are Saying'', wanda [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/24/obituaries/nathan-wright-jr-black-power-advocate-dies-at-81.html Nathan Wright Jr. ya] shirya kuma aka buga a shekarata 1970. Wannan makala ta kunshi yawancin tunanin Churchville game da yanayin motsi na Black Power da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na koyarwa na sabuwar Makarantar 'Yanci. Ya raina ra'ayoyin duka kungiyoyin al'adu da masu ci gaban kasa a matsayin facade kuma ba hakora ba. A gare shi, Harkar kishin kasa ta juyin juya hali wacce ta yi kira ga cikakken juyin juya hali a nan da kuma ko'ina a doron kasa, ita ce mafi inganci da gaskiya ga ka'idojinta. Sun gano batutuwan cikin rukuni da na daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar bakar fata a Amurka kuma hanya daya tilo ta zama dan juyin juya hali da gaske ita ce ta sake haihuwa; wani iko na waje ya yi aiki wanda ya fara kawar da ku daga wadannan gazawar. Makarantun da kansu sun dogara ne akan tsari mai sauki na fifiko. Idan ilimi shine shigar matasa cikin tsarin akida, to dole ne Makarantar 'Yanci ta sake ilmantar da yaran bakaken fata su yi watsi da babbar akida tare da gina sabon tsari. Don yin wannan, kashi na farko na koyarwa da za a kafa dole ne ya zama sabuwar akidar makarantar. Bayan haka, Kuma dole ne a nemo malaman da za su iya dinke barakar da ke tsakanin asali da kuma ketare, kasancewar su darasi ne ga dalibansu na ciki da wajen aji. A karshe, an tsara tsarin karatun don bayyana ainihin halin da baƙar fata ke ciki da kuma koyar da kayan aiki da kwarewa don magance wannan gaskiyar. Tsarin karatun kamar yadda Churchville ya bayyana abin hawa ne kawai don koyar da gaskiyar juyin juya hali; abubuwan da ke ciki galibi basu da mahimmanci kamar yadda bincike ne wanda zai nuna gaskiyar. Hukumar FBI ta kai farmaki makarantar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarata 1966, bisa zargin tanada kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda. Bayan farmakin, Churchville ya daina fafutuka. == Gado == Za a iya ganin wani bangare na gadon Makarantar 'Yanci a cikin makarantun da ke rike da suna a yau: Akwesasne Freedom School a kan Mohawk Indian ajiyar ; Makarantun 'Yanci a St. Louis, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da [[Chicago]], Illinois, Tyree Scott Freedom School a Seattle, Washington, da Makarantar 'Yanci ta Paulo Freire a Tucson, Arizona. Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) yana gudanar da shirin Makarantar 'Yanci na zamani a duk fadin kasar. An hada wannan shirin ta hanyar bakar fata Al'umma na Crusade don Yara na Asusun Tsaro na Yara. Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF na kasa yana aiki sama da wuraren shirye-shiryen bazara 130 a cikin jihohi 24 a fadin kasar wadanda ke hidima ga yara kusan 12,000. A [[Michigan]] kungiyar Black Radical Congress a [[Detroit]] ta kaddamar da kamfen don kirkirar samfuri bisa ga Makarantun 'Yanci. Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia yunƙuyri ne na ilimin al'umma mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sigar zamani na tsarin karatun Mississippi tare da mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, Kuma aikin zamantakewa da jagoranci tsakanin tsararraki. Ana shirya Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2010-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419163246/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta hanyar hukumar jagora, Al'umma A Makarantu. <ref>http://www.cisphl.org</ref> Jami'ar 'Yanci [[Atlanta|ta Atlanta]], makarantar 'yanci ta zamani kuma makaranta ce kawai a cikin duniya inda duk dalibai ba su da takardar izinin shiga ba tare da izini ba, suna ba da kyauta na koyarwa, sannan tsarin karatun koleji na 'yanci wanda ke taimakawa matasa marasa izini su sami ilimi mafi girma. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ruleville, Mississippi * Gluckstadt, Mississippi * Carthage, Mississippi == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * William Sturkey da Jon N. Hale (eds. ), ''Don Rubuta cikin Hasken 'Yanci: Jaridu na Makarantun 'Yancin Mississippi na 1964.'' Jackson, MS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Mississippi, 2015. * Jon N. Hale, ''Makarantun 'Yanci: Masu fafutuka na dalibai a cikin Kungiyar Hakkin Bil'adama ta Mississippi'' . (New York: Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2016) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum] * [http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html/ Tarihin Makarantar 'Yanci ta Mississippi & Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203045010/http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 Darussa daga Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115163305/http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 |date=2017-01-15 }} ~ tallafin littafin karatu don nazarin Tsarin Makarantun 'Yanci na 1964 * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm Wurin Ilimi na Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091730/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm |date=2013-11-04 }} * [http://www.sfacs.us/ Sankofa Freedom Academy Charter School] * [http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html Bayani game da Bakin Al'umma Crusade ga Yara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030027/http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm Lokacin bazara da Makarantun 'Yanci] * [http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html Bayanin Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005845/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html |date=2008-04-22 }} * [http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Makarantun 'Yanci] ~ Taskar 'Yancin Jama'a * [http://chicagofreedomschool.org/ Makarantar 'Yanci ta Chicago] * [http://garyfreedomschool.org/ Makarantar Gary Freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002045/http://garyfreedomschool.org/ |date=2017-11-16 }} * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/sffreedomschool/ San Francisco Freedom School] * [http://www.sunflowerfreedom.org Aikin Yancin Yankin Sunflower] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] c31l7v9xtwgyhhk9it8vjorz3m4virb 974947 974946 2026-11-01T18:49:15Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 974947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Soldiers pay a special visit to about 300 children at Baghdad Airport Prima DVIDS10081.jpg|thumb|Makarantu masu yanci]] '''Makarantun Ƴanci''' sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|Amurkawa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cd14d4z14rko.amp&ved=2ahUKEwimo6-D8PuGAxW2WUEAHbh3DvcQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1QAeK_7xQYPB0tC6Nq_6zr</nowiki></ref>[[Afirkawan Amurka|, Afirka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/babban-jamiin-jks-ya-gana-da-tawagar-alkalai-daga-afrika/&ved=2ahUKEwjjvbGn8PuGAxXCaEEAHcs0AfcQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw349FxgdP9OCoBKS7yHKXjM</nowiki></ref> galibi a [[Kudu]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://aminiya.ng/abin-da-ke-hana-yan-arewa-cin-gajiyar-siyasa-a-kudu/&ved=2ahUKEwjs6p3J8PuGAxWaU0EAHQK7DUcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw1On7_irExTQtO79H5gWzlx</nowiki></ref>. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara [[Amurkawa]] na [[Afirka]] don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, [[siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1599283-ba-ku-tsoron-allah-malamin-musulunci-ya-kunyata-yan-siyasa-a-zaman-makokin-tsohon-gwamna/&ved=2ahUKEwi91-jk8PuGAxWyQ0EAHTUEAkYQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw1jK4heoBF9wUxoWu5qqZ36</nowiki></ref> da [[tattalin arziki]] a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964). == Tarihi == Duk da hukuncin Kotun Koli na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da huɗu (1954) a cikin ''Brown v.'' Shari'ar ''Hukumar Ilimi'' ta lalata tsarin makarantun kebe, a tsakiyar shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da sittin daidai 1960s Mississippi har yanzu tana kiyaye tsarin makarantar farare da "launi mara daidaituwa. A matsakaita, jihar ta kashe $81.66 don ilimantar da dalibi farar fata idan aka kwatanta da $21.77 kawai ga dalibi bakar fata. Mississippi ta kasance daya daga cikin jihohi biyu kacal a cikin kungiyar da ba su da dokar ilimi ta tilas kuma yara da yawa a yankunan karkara an tura su aiki a fagen kuma basu sami karancin ilimi kwata-kwataba. Hatta manhajar karatu ta banbanta na fari da baki. A matsayin misali na yau da kullun, hukumar makarantar farar fata ta Bolivar County ta ba da umarnin cewa "Ba za a koyar da harsunan waje ko al'ada a makarantun Negro ba. Kuma ba za a koyar da tarihin Amurka daga shekarata dubu daya da dari takwas da 1860 zuwa 1875 ba." A karshen shekarata 1963, Charles Cobb, mai fafutuka na Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), ya ba da shawarar kungiyar ta dauki nauyin hanyar sadarwa na Makarantun 'Yanci, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar misalan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su a baya a wasu garuruwa. A lokacin bazara na shekarata 1963, hukumar ilimi ta gundumar Prince Edward County, Virginia ta rufe makarantun jama'a maimakon hada su bayan an gurfanar da su a shari'ar da ta biyo bayan ''Brown vs.'' ''Hukumar Ilimi'', don haka Makarantun 'Yanci suka bullo a madadinsu. A cikin Satumba, shekarar 1963, kimanin dalibai 3,000 ne suka halarci zanga-zangar Stay Out for [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|Freedom]] a [[Boston]], maimakon su halarci Makarantun 'Yanci na al'umma. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1963, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar 'Yanci, sama da dalibai 200,000 suka kaura cewa Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don nuna adawa da wariya da karancin yanayin makaranta, tare da wasu suna halartar Makarantun 'Yanci maimakon. Daga baya, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, shekarar 1964 a wata zanga-zangar ranar 'Yanci makamanciyar wannan, sama da dalibai 450,000 suka halarci kaura cewa makarantun jama'a na birnin New York a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girman zanga-zangar 'yancin dan adam na shekarata 1960s, kuma har zuwa dalibai 100,000 sun halarci madadin. Makarantun 'Yanci. == Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi == An habaka Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi a matsayin wani bangare na shekarata 1964 Freedom Summer yancin aikin, wani gagarumin kokari wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da ilmantar da daliban Mississippi don canjin zamantakewa. Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kasa (COFO) &#x2014; kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a na masu fafutuka da kudade da aka samo daga SNCC, CORE, NAACP, da SCLC &#x2014; a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, hadin gwiwar Freedom Summer. Ainihin aikin ya kasance yakin neman rajistar masu kada kuri’a a duk fadin jihar, kuma masu shirya zaben sun bukaci masu sa kai dubu daya su taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan aiki. Kuma Masu fafutuka sun yi shirin gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Demokradiyya mai kama da juna, saboda bakar fata masu jefa kuri'a cikin tsari ya haifar da wakilai masu farar fata zuwa Zaben shugaban kasa. Wadannan kokarce-kokarce sun kare a kirkirar Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party . Duka wakilan hukuma da Jam'iyyar Democratic Democratic Party ta Mississippi sun tafi taron a shekarata1964 na Democratic Democratic a Atlantic City, [[New Jersey]] . A cikin Disamba Shekarata 1963, a lokacin shirye-shiryen shirin bazara na 'Yanci mai zuwa, Charles Cobb ya ba da shawarar hanyar sadarwa ta "Makarantar 'Yanci" wacce za ta habaka shiga siyasa tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare na Mississippi, baya ga bayar da darussan ilimi da tattaunawa. Masu fafutuka da ke shirya aikin bazara na 'Yanci sun yarda da shawarar Cobb kuma a cikin Maris 1964 sun shirya taron tsara tsarin karatu a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a karkashin tallafin Majalisar Ikklisiya ta kasa . Farfesan tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman Staughton Lynd an nada shi Daraktan shirin Makarantar 'Yanci. A tsawon lokacin bazarar 'Yanci, an kafa Makarantun 'Yanci sama da 40 a cikin al'ummomin baki a duk fadin Mississippi. Manufar ita ce a yi kokarin kawo karshen kaura na siyasa na Amurkawa na Afirka ta hanyar karfafa dalibai su zama Yan kasa masu himma da shiga cikin al'umma a cikin al'umma. Sama da daliban Amurkawa 3,000 na Afirka sun halarci wadannan makarantu a lokacin rani na shekarata 1964. Dalibai sun kasance tun daga kanana yara zuwa manya masu matsakaicin shekaru 15. Malamai sun kasance masu aikin sa kai, yawancin su daliban koleji ne da kansu. <ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Freedom Schools] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> == Manufar siyasa da ilimi == An tsara Makarantun 'Yanci tare da manufofin siyasa da na ilimi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci za su ilimantar da daliban firamare da sakandare don zama wakilan canjin zamantakewa da za su shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a da ke gudana, galibi a kokarin rajistar masu zabe. Kuma An raba tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa sassa bakwai na asali wadanda suka yi nazarin yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin dangantakar kabilanci da kuma Kungiyar Hakkin Bil Adama. An karfafa habakar jagoranci, ban da karin kwarewar ilimi na gargajiya. Ilimin a Makarantun 'Yanci ya shafi dalibai ne kuma ya dace da al'ada. Sannan An gina manhajar karatu da koyarwa bisa bukatun daliban, an karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin dalibai da malamai (maimakon lacca) sannan masu tsara manhajoji sun karfafa wa malamai kwarin gwiwar yin koyarwa bisa kwarewar dalibansu. == Tsarin karatu == Bunkasa manhajar karatu ya ta’allaka ne da taron manhajar karatu, wanda ya kunshi malamai da daraktoci suna tattaunawa kan irin ilimin da za a koyar a makarantun ‘yanci. Dole ne malamai su rubuta jita-jita don tsara tsarin karatun su. An gaya musu su tuna yadda rayuwa take a Mississippi da dan gajeren lokacin da suke da shi don koyar da kayan. Dole ne tsarin karatun ya kasance mai son malamai kuma ya zama mai amfani ga dalibai nan da nan, tare da dogara kan tambayoyi da ayyuka. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tambayoyi da tattaunawa maimakon haddar gaskiya da kwanan wata. Kuma Umarnin ga malamai sun haɗa da: : Game da tsarin aji, tambaya shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Ba shi da ma'ana a cika daliban da bayanan da ba zai iya fahimta ba; tambaya ita ce hanyar wayewa. . . Darajar Makarantun 'Yanci za su samu ne daga abin da malamai ke iya ba wa dalibai ta fuskar fahimta da bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da taron manhajar ya tattaro Yan kasa na asali da asali daban-daban, kayyadaddun tsarin koyarwa na karshe ya kunshi abubuwa daga asali daban-daban kuma ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku. Bangarorin uku na manhajar Makarantun ‘Yanci su ne manhajar Ilimi, manhajar zama dan kasa, da Kuma manhajar nishadi. Manufar wadannan sassan shine don koya wa dalibai canjin zamantakewa a cikin makarantar; tarihin yanki; tarihin bakar fata; yadda ake amsa budaddiyar tambayoyi; da bunkasa fasahar ilimi. Manhajar Ilimi ta kunshi karatu, rubutu, da ayyukan baki wadanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da daliban ya samu. Tsarin karatun zama dan kasa shine don karfafa dalibai su yi tambayoyi game da al'umma. Tsarin Nishadi ya bukaci daliban ya kasance mai motsa jiki. A yawancin makarantu, Manhajar zama dan kasa ta mai da hankali kan nau'ikan tambayoyi biyu masu alaka don tattaunawar aji: : Me yasa muke (malamai da dalibai) a Makarantun 'Yanci? : Menene Kungiyar 'Yanci? : Wadanne hanyoyi ne kungiyar Freedom Movement ke ba mu? : Menene yawancin al'adun da muke so? : Menene yawancin al'adun da ba mu so? : Menene muke da shi da muke so mu kiyaye? == Shekara ta farko == An bude Makarantun 'Yanci a makon farko na Yuli shekarata 1964, bayan kusan malaman sa kai na Makarantar 'Yanci 250 sun halarci zaman horo na mako guda a Kwalejin Mata ta Yamma a Oxford, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . Shirye-shiryen na asali sun yi tsammanin Makarantun 'Yanci 25 da dalibai 1,000; a karshen bazara, an bude makarantu 41 ga dalibai sama da 2,500. An kafa Makarantun 'Yanci tare da taimako da jajircewar al'ummomin yankin, wadanda suka samar da gine-gine daban-daban na makarantu da gidaje ga malaman sa kai. Yayin da ake gudanar da wasu makarantun a wuraren shakatawa, dakunan girki, da gidajen zama, da kuma karkashin bishiyoyi, yawancin azuzuwan ana gudanar da su ne a cikin majami'u ko ginshiƙan coci. Halartar ta bambanta a duk lokacin bazara. Wasu makarantu sun sami daidaiton halarta, amma banda wannan. Saboda halartan taron bai zama tilas ba, daukar ma'aikata da kuma kula da zuwan kila shine kalubalen firamare da makarantun suka fuskanta. Kuma A Clarksdale, Mississippi, alal misali, matsakaicin yawan halartar dalibai a cikin makon farko ya kasance goma sha biyar, mako na biyu kuma takwas ne, amma a kowane lokaci a lokacin bazara, makarantar na iya samun halartar dalibai kusan talatin da biyar. Ba kasafai ba ne manya su rika zuwa aji akai-akai. An canza umarni bisa yanayin gida. A yankunan karkara da ake sa ran dalibai za su yi aiki a lokacin makaranta, yawanci ana yin karatu da daddare. A makarantun da ke kula da lokutan makaranta na al'ada, yawanci a cikin birane, ana ba da tsarin karatun zama dan kasa da kwasa-kwasan ilimi na gargajiya da safe kuma ana ba da azuzuwan na musamman kamar kida, wasan kwaikwayo, Kuma da buga rubutu da rana. A yawancin lokuta, za a kebe duk kwanakin makaranta don kokarin yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. Ya zama wajibi ga masu fafutuka na SNCC cewa za a saka hannun jari ga dalibai a ayyukan hakkin jama'a saboda ana sa ran wannan dalibai zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jihar don aiwatar da canjin zamantakewa. A ƙarshen lokacin Makarantar 'Yanci, masu fafutuka da dalibai sun shirya taron jagorancin dalibai a ranar 8 ga Agusta, shekarata 1964, ranar bayan jana'izar James Chaney, daya daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan Chaney, Goodman, da Schwerner . An gudanar da taron a Meridian, Mississippi, a tsohuwar Makarantar Baptist ta Meridian . An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "fadar da'irar Makarantar 'Yanci." Kowace Makarantar 'Yanci ta aika wakilai uku zuwa taron don samar da dandalin matasa don Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party. Wakilan daliban sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi ayyuka, makarantu, harkokin kasashen waje, da matsugunan jama'a tare da ba da shawarwari ga jam'iyyar jihar. A karshen taron, dalibai sun shirya wata sanarwa da ta bukaci samun masaukin jama'a, Kuma ka'idojin gine-gine na kowane gida, hadaddiyar makarantu, tsarin ayyukan jama'a, da kuma nada kwararrun baki zuwa mukaman jihohi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci da dalibai sun ci gaba da jajircewa kan manufar Makarantar 'Yanci. A farkon watan Agustan shekarata 1964, an shirya shirye-shiryen ci gaba da Makarantun 'Yanci a cikin shekarar makaranta mai zuwa, kuma wasu malaman sa kai sun riga sun amince su zauna. Dalibai sun yanke shawarar, duk da haka, yayin taron Makarantar 'Yanci a farkon watan Agusta don ba za su ci gaba da makarantun ba. Duk da haka dalibai sun aiwatar da jagoranci da gwagwarmayar da suka samu a lokacin bazara a makarantunsu. Wasu daliban sun koma makaranta kuma sun bukaci ingantattun kayan aiki da karin kwasa-kwasai. Dalibai a Philadelphia, Mississippi, sun dawo makaranta sanye da maballan "Mutum daya, Kuri'a daya" SNCC &#x2014; wanda aka kore su. == Makarantar Ranar Makarantar Freedom, Philadelphia == John E. Churchville ne ya kafa Laburaren 'Yanci na Philadelphia a shekarata 1964. A cikin Yan shekaru masu zuwa ya fara ba da azuzuwan yamma kuma daga karshe ya mai da dakin karatu zuwa makaranta. Bayan kafuwar wannan makaranta, ya shirya gajerun kasidu da aka buga a cikin littafin, ''What Black Educators Are Saying'', wanda [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/24/obituaries/nathan-wright-jr-black-power-advocate-dies-at-81.html Nathan Wright Jr. ya] shirya kuma aka buga a shekarata 1970. Wannan makala ta kunshi yawancin tunanin Churchville game da yanayin motsi na Black Power da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na koyarwa na sabuwar Makarantar 'Yanci. Ya raina ra'ayoyin duka kungiyoyin al'adu da masu ci gaban kasa a matsayin facade kuma ba hakora ba. A gare shi, Harkar kishin kasa ta juyin juya hali wacce ta yi kira ga cikakken juyin juya hali a nan da kuma ko'ina a doron kasa, ita ce mafi inganci da gaskiya ga ka'idojinta. Sun gano batutuwan cikin rukuni da na daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar bakar fata a Amurka kuma hanya daya tilo ta zama dan juyin juya hali da gaske ita ce ta sake haihuwa; wani iko na waje ya yi aiki wanda ya fara kawar da ku daga wadannan gazawar. Makarantun da kansu sun dogara ne akan tsari mai sauki na fifiko. Idan ilimi shine shigar matasa cikin tsarin akida, to dole ne Makarantar 'Yanci ta sake ilmantar da yaran bakaken fata su yi watsi da babbar akida tare da gina sabon tsari. Don yin wannan, kashi na farko na koyarwa da za a kafa dole ne ya zama sabuwar akidar makarantar. Bayan haka, Kuma dole ne a nemo malaman da za su iya dinke barakar da ke tsakanin asali da kuma ketare, kasancewar su darasi ne ga dalibansu na ciki da wajen aji. A karshe, an tsara tsarin karatun don bayyana ainihin halin da baƙar fata ke ciki da kuma koyar da kayan aiki da kwarewa don magance wannan gaskiyar. Tsarin karatun kamar yadda Churchville ya bayyana abin hawa ne kawai don koyar da gaskiyar juyin juya hali; abubuwan da ke ciki galibi basu da mahimmanci kamar yadda bincike ne wanda zai nuna gaskiyar. Hukumar FBI ta kai farmaki makarantar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarata 1966, bisa zargin tanada kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda. Bayan farmakin, Churchville ya daina fafutuka. == Gado == Za a iya ganin wani bangare na gadon Makarantar 'Yanci a cikin makarantun da ke rike da suna a yau: Akwesasne Freedom School a kan Mohawk Indian ajiyar ; Makarantun 'Yanci a St. Louis, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da [[Chicago]], Illinois, Tyree Scott Freedom School a Seattle, Washington, da Makarantar 'Yanci ta Paulo Freire a Tucson, Arizona. Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) yana gudanar da shirin Makarantar 'Yanci na zamani a duk fadin kasar. An hada wannan shirin ta hanyar bakar fata Al'umma na Crusade don Yara na Asusun Tsaro na Yara. Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF na kasa yana aiki sama da wuraren shirye-shiryen bazara 130 a cikin jihohi 24 a fadin kasar wadanda ke hidima ga yara kusan 12,000. A [[Michigan]] kungiyar Black Radical Congress a [[Detroit]] ta kaddamar da kamfen don kirkirar samfuri bisa ga Makarantun 'Yanci. Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia yunƙuyri ne na ilimin al'umma mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sigar zamani na tsarin karatun Mississippi tare da mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, Kuma aikin zamantakewa da jagoranci tsakanin tsararraki. Ana shirya Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2010-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419163246/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta hanyar hukumar jagora, Al'umma A Makarantu. <ref>http://www.cisphl.org</ref> Jami'ar 'Yanci [[Atlanta|ta Atlanta]], makarantar 'yanci ta zamani kuma makaranta ce kawai a cikin duniya inda duk dalibai ba su da takardar izinin shiga ba tare da izini ba, suna ba da kyauta na koyarwa, sannan tsarin karatun koleji na 'yanci wanda ke taimakawa matasa marasa izini su sami ilimi mafi girma. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ruleville, Mississippi * Gluckstadt, Mississippi * Carthage, Mississippi == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * William Sturkey da Jon N. Hale (eds. ), ''Don Rubuta cikin Hasken 'Yanci: Jaridu na Makarantun 'Yancin Mississippi na 1964.'' Jackson, MS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Mississippi, 2015. * Jon N. Hale, ''Makarantun 'Yanci: Masu fafutuka na dalibai a cikin Kungiyar Hakkin Bil'adama ta Mississippi'' . (New York: Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2016) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum] * [http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html/ Tarihin Makarantar 'Yanci ta Mississippi & Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203045010/http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 Darussa daga Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115163305/http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 |date=2017-01-15 }} ~ tallafin littafin karatu don nazarin Tsarin Makarantun 'Yanci na 1964 * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm Wurin Ilimi na Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091730/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm |date=2013-11-04 }} * [http://www.sfacs.us/ Sankofa Freedom Academy Charter School] * [http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html Bayani game da Bakin Al'umma Crusade ga Yara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030027/http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm Lokacin bazara da Makarantun 'Yanci] * [http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html Bayanin Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005845/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html |date=2008-04-22 }} * [http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Makarantun 'Yanci] ~ Taskar 'Yancin Jama'a * [http://chicagofreedomschool.org/ Makarantar 'Yanci ta Chicago] * [http://garyfreedomschool.org/ Makarantar Gary Freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002045/http://garyfreedomschool.org/ |date=2017-11-16 }} * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/sffreedomschool/ San Francisco Freedom School] * [http://www.sunflowerfreedom.org Aikin Yancin Yankin Sunflower] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 87y9sr3ovlzsrh870um1eqgkyy0vl2x 974948 974947 2026-11-01T18:49:44Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 974948 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Soldiers pay a special visit to about 300 children at Baghdad Airport Prima DVIDS10081.jpg|thumb|Makarantu masu yanci]] '''Makarantun Ƴanci''' sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|Amurkawa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cd14d4z14rko.amp&ved=2ahUKEwimo6-D8PuGAxW2WUEAHbh3DvcQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1QAeK_7xQYPB0tC6Nq_6zr</nowiki></ref>[[Afirkawan Amurka|, Afirka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/babban-jamiin-jks-ya-gana-da-tawagar-alkalai-daga-afrika/&ved=2ahUKEwjjvbGn8PuGAxXCaEEAHcs0AfcQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw349FxgdP9OCoBKS7yHKXjM</nowiki></ref> galibi a [[Kudu]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://aminiya.ng/abin-da-ke-hana-yan-arewa-cin-gajiyar-siyasa-a-kudu/&ved=2ahUKEwjs6p3J8PuGAxWaU0EAHQK7DUcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw1On7_irExTQtO79H5gWzlx</nowiki></ref>. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara [[Amurkawa]] na [[Afirka]] don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, [[siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1599283-ba-ku-tsoron-allah-malamin-musulunci-ya-kunyata-yan-siyasa-a-zaman-makokin-tsohon-gwamna/&ved=2ahUKEwi91-jk8PuGAxWyQ0EAHTUEAkYQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw1jK4heoBF9wUxoWu5qqZ36</nowiki></ref> da [[tattalin arziki]] a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964). == Tarihi == Duk da hukuncin Kotun Koli na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da huɗu (1954) a cikin ''Brown v.'' Shari'ar ''Hukumar Ilimi'' ta lalata tsarin makarantun kebe, a tsakiyar shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da sittin daidai 1960s Mississippi har yanzu tana kiyaye tsarin makarantar farare da "launi mara daidaituwa. A matsakaita, jihar ta kashe $81.66 don ilimantar da dalibi farar fata idan aka kwatanta da $21.77 kawai ga dalibi bakar fata. Mississippi ta kasance daya daga cikin jihohi biyu kacal a cikin kungiyar da ba su da dokar ilimi ta tilas kuma yara da yawa a yankunan karkara an tura su aiki a fagen kuma basu sami karancin ilimi kwata-kwataba. Hatta manhajar karatu ta banbanta na fari da baki. A matsayin misali na yau da kullun, hukumar makarantar farar fata ta Bolivar County ta ba da umarnin cewa "Ba za a koyar da harsunan waje ko al'ada a makarantun Negro ba. Kuma ba za a koyar da tarihin Amurka daga shekarata dubu daya da dari takwas da sottin 1860 zuwa 1875 ba." A karshen shekarata 1963, Charles Cobb, mai fafutuka na Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), ya ba da shawarar kungiyar ta dauki nauyin hanyar sadarwa na Makarantun 'Yanci, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar misalan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su a baya a wasu garuruwa. A lokacin bazara na shekarata 1963, hukumar ilimi ta gundumar Prince Edward County, Virginia ta rufe makarantun jama'a maimakon hada su bayan an gurfanar da su a shari'ar da ta biyo bayan ''Brown vs.'' ''Hukumar Ilimi'', don haka Makarantun 'Yanci suka bullo a madadinsu. A cikin Satumba, shekarar 1963, kimanin dalibai 3,000 ne suka halarci zanga-zangar Stay Out for [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|Freedom]] a [[Boston]], maimakon su halarci Makarantun 'Yanci na al'umma. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1963, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar 'Yanci, sama da dalibai 200,000 suka kaura cewa Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don nuna adawa da wariya da karancin yanayin makaranta, tare da wasu suna halartar Makarantun 'Yanci maimakon. Daga baya, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, shekarar 1964 a wata zanga-zangar ranar 'Yanci makamanciyar wannan, sama da dalibai 450,000 suka halarci kaura cewa makarantun jama'a na birnin New York a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girman zanga-zangar 'yancin dan adam na shekarata 1960s, kuma har zuwa dalibai 100,000 sun halarci madadin. Makarantun 'Yanci. == Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi == An habaka Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi a matsayin wani bangare na shekarata 1964 Freedom Summer yancin aikin, wani gagarumin kokari wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da ilmantar da daliban Mississippi don canjin zamantakewa. Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kasa (COFO) &#x2014; kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a na masu fafutuka da kudade da aka samo daga SNCC, CORE, NAACP, da SCLC &#x2014; a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, hadin gwiwar Freedom Summer. Ainihin aikin ya kasance yakin neman rajistar masu kada kuri’a a duk fadin jihar, kuma masu shirya zaben sun bukaci masu sa kai dubu daya su taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan aiki. Kuma Masu fafutuka sun yi shirin gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Demokradiyya mai kama da juna, saboda bakar fata masu jefa kuri'a cikin tsari ya haifar da wakilai masu farar fata zuwa Zaben shugaban kasa. Wadannan kokarce-kokarce sun kare a kirkirar Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party . Duka wakilan hukuma da Jam'iyyar Democratic Democratic Party ta Mississippi sun tafi taron a shekarata1964 na Democratic Democratic a Atlantic City, [[New Jersey]] . A cikin Disamba Shekarata 1963, a lokacin shirye-shiryen shirin bazara na 'Yanci mai zuwa, Charles Cobb ya ba da shawarar hanyar sadarwa ta "Makarantar 'Yanci" wacce za ta habaka shiga siyasa tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare na Mississippi, baya ga bayar da darussan ilimi da tattaunawa. Masu fafutuka da ke shirya aikin bazara na 'Yanci sun yarda da shawarar Cobb kuma a cikin Maris 1964 sun shirya taron tsara tsarin karatu a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a karkashin tallafin Majalisar Ikklisiya ta kasa . Farfesan tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman Staughton Lynd an nada shi Daraktan shirin Makarantar 'Yanci. A tsawon lokacin bazarar 'Yanci, an kafa Makarantun 'Yanci sama da 40 a cikin al'ummomin baki a duk fadin Mississippi. Manufar ita ce a yi kokarin kawo karshen kaura na siyasa na Amurkawa na Afirka ta hanyar karfafa dalibai su zama Yan kasa masu himma da shiga cikin al'umma a cikin al'umma. Sama da daliban Amurkawa 3,000 na Afirka sun halarci wadannan makarantu a lokacin rani na shekarata 1964. Dalibai sun kasance tun daga kanana yara zuwa manya masu matsakaicin shekaru 15. Malamai sun kasance masu aikin sa kai, yawancin su daliban koleji ne da kansu. <ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Freedom Schools] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> == Manufar siyasa da ilimi == An tsara Makarantun 'Yanci tare da manufofin siyasa da na ilimi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci za su ilimantar da daliban firamare da sakandare don zama wakilan canjin zamantakewa da za su shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a da ke gudana, galibi a kokarin rajistar masu zabe. Kuma An raba tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa sassa bakwai na asali wadanda suka yi nazarin yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin dangantakar kabilanci da kuma Kungiyar Hakkin Bil Adama. An karfafa habakar jagoranci, ban da karin kwarewar ilimi na gargajiya. Ilimin a Makarantun 'Yanci ya shafi dalibai ne kuma ya dace da al'ada. Sannan An gina manhajar karatu da koyarwa bisa bukatun daliban, an karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin dalibai da malamai (maimakon lacca) sannan masu tsara manhajoji sun karfafa wa malamai kwarin gwiwar yin koyarwa bisa kwarewar dalibansu. == Tsarin karatu == Bunkasa manhajar karatu ya ta’allaka ne da taron manhajar karatu, wanda ya kunshi malamai da daraktoci suna tattaunawa kan irin ilimin da za a koyar a makarantun ‘yanci. Dole ne malamai su rubuta jita-jita don tsara tsarin karatun su. An gaya musu su tuna yadda rayuwa take a Mississippi da dan gajeren lokacin da suke da shi don koyar da kayan. Dole ne tsarin karatun ya kasance mai son malamai kuma ya zama mai amfani ga dalibai nan da nan, tare da dogara kan tambayoyi da ayyuka. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tambayoyi da tattaunawa maimakon haddar gaskiya da kwanan wata. Kuma Umarnin ga malamai sun haɗa da: : Game da tsarin aji, tambaya shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Ba shi da ma'ana a cika daliban da bayanan da ba zai iya fahimta ba; tambaya ita ce hanyar wayewa. . . Darajar Makarantun 'Yanci za su samu ne daga abin da malamai ke iya ba wa dalibai ta fuskar fahimta da bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da taron manhajar ya tattaro Yan kasa na asali da asali daban-daban, kayyadaddun tsarin koyarwa na karshe ya kunshi abubuwa daga asali daban-daban kuma ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku. Bangarorin uku na manhajar Makarantun ‘Yanci su ne manhajar Ilimi, manhajar zama dan kasa, da Kuma manhajar nishadi. Manufar wadannan sassan shine don koya wa dalibai canjin zamantakewa a cikin makarantar; tarihin yanki; tarihin bakar fata; yadda ake amsa budaddiyar tambayoyi; da bunkasa fasahar ilimi. Manhajar Ilimi ta kunshi karatu, rubutu, da ayyukan baki wadanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da daliban ya samu. Tsarin karatun zama dan kasa shine don karfafa dalibai su yi tambayoyi game da al'umma. Tsarin Nishadi ya bukaci daliban ya kasance mai motsa jiki. A yawancin makarantu, Manhajar zama dan kasa ta mai da hankali kan nau'ikan tambayoyi biyu masu alaka don tattaunawar aji: : Me yasa muke (malamai da dalibai) a Makarantun 'Yanci? : Menene Kungiyar 'Yanci? : Wadanne hanyoyi ne kungiyar Freedom Movement ke ba mu? : Menene yawancin al'adun da muke so? : Menene yawancin al'adun da ba mu so? : Menene muke da shi da muke so mu kiyaye? == Shekara ta farko == An bude Makarantun 'Yanci a makon farko na Yuli shekarata 1964, bayan kusan malaman sa kai na Makarantar 'Yanci 250 sun halarci zaman horo na mako guda a Kwalejin Mata ta Yamma a Oxford, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . Shirye-shiryen na asali sun yi tsammanin Makarantun 'Yanci 25 da dalibai 1,000; a karshen bazara, an bude makarantu 41 ga dalibai sama da 2,500. An kafa Makarantun 'Yanci tare da taimako da jajircewar al'ummomin yankin, wadanda suka samar da gine-gine daban-daban na makarantu da gidaje ga malaman sa kai. Yayin da ake gudanar da wasu makarantun a wuraren shakatawa, dakunan girki, da gidajen zama, da kuma karkashin bishiyoyi, yawancin azuzuwan ana gudanar da su ne a cikin majami'u ko ginshiƙan coci. Halartar ta bambanta a duk lokacin bazara. Wasu makarantu sun sami daidaiton halarta, amma banda wannan. Saboda halartan taron bai zama tilas ba, daukar ma'aikata da kuma kula da zuwan kila shine kalubalen firamare da makarantun suka fuskanta. Kuma A Clarksdale, Mississippi, alal misali, matsakaicin yawan halartar dalibai a cikin makon farko ya kasance goma sha biyar, mako na biyu kuma takwas ne, amma a kowane lokaci a lokacin bazara, makarantar na iya samun halartar dalibai kusan talatin da biyar. Ba kasafai ba ne manya su rika zuwa aji akai-akai. An canza umarni bisa yanayin gida. A yankunan karkara da ake sa ran dalibai za su yi aiki a lokacin makaranta, yawanci ana yin karatu da daddare. A makarantun da ke kula da lokutan makaranta na al'ada, yawanci a cikin birane, ana ba da tsarin karatun zama dan kasa da kwasa-kwasan ilimi na gargajiya da safe kuma ana ba da azuzuwan na musamman kamar kida, wasan kwaikwayo, Kuma da buga rubutu da rana. A yawancin lokuta, za a kebe duk kwanakin makaranta don kokarin yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. Ya zama wajibi ga masu fafutuka na SNCC cewa za a saka hannun jari ga dalibai a ayyukan hakkin jama'a saboda ana sa ran wannan dalibai zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jihar don aiwatar da canjin zamantakewa. A ƙarshen lokacin Makarantar 'Yanci, masu fafutuka da dalibai sun shirya taron jagorancin dalibai a ranar 8 ga Agusta, shekarata 1964, ranar bayan jana'izar James Chaney, daya daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan Chaney, Goodman, da Schwerner . An gudanar da taron a Meridian, Mississippi, a tsohuwar Makarantar Baptist ta Meridian . An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "fadar da'irar Makarantar 'Yanci." Kowace Makarantar 'Yanci ta aika wakilai uku zuwa taron don samar da dandalin matasa don Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party. Wakilan daliban sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi ayyuka, makarantu, harkokin kasashen waje, da matsugunan jama'a tare da ba da shawarwari ga jam'iyyar jihar. A karshen taron, dalibai sun shirya wata sanarwa da ta bukaci samun masaukin jama'a, Kuma ka'idojin gine-gine na kowane gida, hadaddiyar makarantu, tsarin ayyukan jama'a, da kuma nada kwararrun baki zuwa mukaman jihohi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci da dalibai sun ci gaba da jajircewa kan manufar Makarantar 'Yanci. A farkon watan Agustan shekarata 1964, an shirya shirye-shiryen ci gaba da Makarantun 'Yanci a cikin shekarar makaranta mai zuwa, kuma wasu malaman sa kai sun riga sun amince su zauna. Dalibai sun yanke shawarar, duk da haka, yayin taron Makarantar 'Yanci a farkon watan Agusta don ba za su ci gaba da makarantun ba. Duk da haka dalibai sun aiwatar da jagoranci da gwagwarmayar da suka samu a lokacin bazara a makarantunsu. Wasu daliban sun koma makaranta kuma sun bukaci ingantattun kayan aiki da karin kwasa-kwasai. Dalibai a Philadelphia, Mississippi, sun dawo makaranta sanye da maballan "Mutum daya, Kuri'a daya" SNCC &#x2014; wanda aka kore su. == Makarantar Ranar Makarantar Freedom, Philadelphia == John E. Churchville ne ya kafa Laburaren 'Yanci na Philadelphia a shekarata 1964. A cikin Yan shekaru masu zuwa ya fara ba da azuzuwan yamma kuma daga karshe ya mai da dakin karatu zuwa makaranta. Bayan kafuwar wannan makaranta, ya shirya gajerun kasidu da aka buga a cikin littafin, ''What Black Educators Are Saying'', wanda [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/24/obituaries/nathan-wright-jr-black-power-advocate-dies-at-81.html Nathan Wright Jr. ya] shirya kuma aka buga a shekarata 1970. Wannan makala ta kunshi yawancin tunanin Churchville game da yanayin motsi na Black Power da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na koyarwa na sabuwar Makarantar 'Yanci. Ya raina ra'ayoyin duka kungiyoyin al'adu da masu ci gaban kasa a matsayin facade kuma ba hakora ba. A gare shi, Harkar kishin kasa ta juyin juya hali wacce ta yi kira ga cikakken juyin juya hali a nan da kuma ko'ina a doron kasa, ita ce mafi inganci da gaskiya ga ka'idojinta. Sun gano batutuwan cikin rukuni da na daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar bakar fata a Amurka kuma hanya daya tilo ta zama dan juyin juya hali da gaske ita ce ta sake haihuwa; wani iko na waje ya yi aiki wanda ya fara kawar da ku daga wadannan gazawar. Makarantun da kansu sun dogara ne akan tsari mai sauki na fifiko. Idan ilimi shine shigar matasa cikin tsarin akida, to dole ne Makarantar 'Yanci ta sake ilmantar da yaran bakaken fata su yi watsi da babbar akida tare da gina sabon tsari. Don yin wannan, kashi na farko na koyarwa da za a kafa dole ne ya zama sabuwar akidar makarantar. Bayan haka, Kuma dole ne a nemo malaman da za su iya dinke barakar da ke tsakanin asali da kuma ketare, kasancewar su darasi ne ga dalibansu na ciki da wajen aji. A karshe, an tsara tsarin karatun don bayyana ainihin halin da baƙar fata ke ciki da kuma koyar da kayan aiki da kwarewa don magance wannan gaskiyar. Tsarin karatun kamar yadda Churchville ya bayyana abin hawa ne kawai don koyar da gaskiyar juyin juya hali; abubuwan da ke ciki galibi basu da mahimmanci kamar yadda bincike ne wanda zai nuna gaskiyar. Hukumar FBI ta kai farmaki makarantar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarata 1966, bisa zargin tanada kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda. Bayan farmakin, Churchville ya daina fafutuka. == Gado == Za a iya ganin wani bangare na gadon Makarantar 'Yanci a cikin makarantun da ke rike da suna a yau: Akwesasne Freedom School a kan Mohawk Indian ajiyar ; Makarantun 'Yanci a St. Louis, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da [[Chicago]], Illinois, Tyree Scott Freedom School a Seattle, Washington, da Makarantar 'Yanci ta Paulo Freire a Tucson, Arizona. Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) yana gudanar da shirin Makarantar 'Yanci na zamani a duk fadin kasar. An hada wannan shirin ta hanyar bakar fata Al'umma na Crusade don Yara na Asusun Tsaro na Yara. Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF na kasa yana aiki sama da wuraren shirye-shiryen bazara 130 a cikin jihohi 24 a fadin kasar wadanda ke hidima ga yara kusan 12,000. A [[Michigan]] kungiyar Black Radical Congress a [[Detroit]] ta kaddamar da kamfen don kirkirar samfuri bisa ga Makarantun 'Yanci. Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia yunƙuyri ne na ilimin al'umma mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sigar zamani na tsarin karatun Mississippi tare da mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, Kuma aikin zamantakewa da jagoranci tsakanin tsararraki. Ana shirya Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2010-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419163246/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta hanyar hukumar jagora, Al'umma A Makarantu. <ref>http://www.cisphl.org</ref> Jami'ar 'Yanci [[Atlanta|ta Atlanta]], makarantar 'yanci ta zamani kuma makaranta ce kawai a cikin duniya inda duk dalibai ba su da takardar izinin shiga ba tare da izini ba, suna ba da kyauta na koyarwa, sannan tsarin karatun koleji na 'yanci wanda ke taimakawa matasa marasa izini su sami ilimi mafi girma. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ruleville, Mississippi * Gluckstadt, Mississippi * Carthage, Mississippi == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * William Sturkey da Jon N. Hale (eds. ), ''Don Rubuta cikin Hasken 'Yanci: Jaridu na Makarantun 'Yancin Mississippi na 1964.'' Jackson, MS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Mississippi, 2015. * Jon N. Hale, ''Makarantun 'Yanci: Masu fafutuka na dalibai a cikin Kungiyar Hakkin Bil'adama ta Mississippi'' . (New York: Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2016) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum] * [http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html/ Tarihin Makarantar 'Yanci ta Mississippi & Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203045010/http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 Darussa daga Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115163305/http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 |date=2017-01-15 }} ~ tallafin littafin karatu don nazarin Tsarin Makarantun 'Yanci na 1964 * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm Wurin Ilimi na Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091730/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm |date=2013-11-04 }} * [http://www.sfacs.us/ Sankofa Freedom Academy Charter School] * [http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html Bayani game da Bakin Al'umma Crusade ga Yara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030027/http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm Lokacin bazara da Makarantun 'Yanci] * [http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html Bayanin Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005845/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html |date=2008-04-22 }} * [http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Makarantun 'Yanci] ~ Taskar 'Yancin Jama'a * [http://chicagofreedomschool.org/ Makarantar 'Yanci ta Chicago] * [http://garyfreedomschool.org/ Makarantar Gary Freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002045/http://garyfreedomschool.org/ |date=2017-11-16 }} * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/sffreedomschool/ San Francisco Freedom School] * [http://www.sunflowerfreedom.org Aikin Yancin Yankin Sunflower] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] op3yycdv2764e3lelk6u1um0gx203hn 974949 974948 2026-11-01T18:50:28Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 974949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Soldiers pay a special visit to about 300 children at Baghdad Airport Prima DVIDS10081.jpg|thumb|Makarantu masu yanci]] '''Makarantun Ƴanci''' sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|Amurkawa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cd14d4z14rko.amp&ved=2ahUKEwimo6-D8PuGAxW2WUEAHbh3DvcQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1QAeK_7xQYPB0tC6Nq_6zr</nowiki></ref>[[Afirkawan Amurka|, Afirka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/babban-jamiin-jks-ya-gana-da-tawagar-alkalai-daga-afrika/&ved=2ahUKEwjjvbGn8PuGAxXCaEEAHcs0AfcQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw349FxgdP9OCoBKS7yHKXjM</nowiki></ref> galibi a [[Kudu]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://aminiya.ng/abin-da-ke-hana-yan-arewa-cin-gajiyar-siyasa-a-kudu/&ved=2ahUKEwjs6p3J8PuGAxWaU0EAHQK7DUcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw1On7_irExTQtO79H5gWzlx</nowiki></ref>. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara [[Amurkawa]] na [[Afirka]] don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, [[siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1599283-ba-ku-tsoron-allah-malamin-musulunci-ya-kunyata-yan-siyasa-a-zaman-makokin-tsohon-gwamna/&ved=2ahUKEwi91-jk8PuGAxWyQ0EAHTUEAkYQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw1jK4heoBF9wUxoWu5qqZ36</nowiki></ref> da [[tattalin arziki]] a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964). == Tarihi == Duk da hukuncin Kotun Koli na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da huɗu (1954) a cikin ''Brown v.'' Shari'ar ''Hukumar Ilimi'' ta lalata tsarin makarantun kebe, a tsakiyar shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da sittin daidai 1960s Mississippi har yanzu tana kiyaye tsarin makarantar farare da "launi mara daidaituwa. A matsakaita, jihar ta kashe $81.66 don ilimantar da dalibi farar fata idan aka kwatanta da $21.77 kawai ga dalibi bakar fata. Mississippi ta kasance daya daga cikin jihohi biyu kacal a cikin kungiyar da ba su da dokar ilimi ta tilas kuma yara da yawa a yankunan karkara an tura su aiki a fagen kuma basu sami karancin ilimi kwata-kwataba. Hatta manhajar karatu ta banbanta na fari da baki. A matsayin misali na yau da kullun, hukumar makarantar farar fata ta Bolivar County ta ba da umarnin cewa "Ba za a koyar da harsunan waje ko al'ada a makarantun Negro ba. Kuma ba za a koyar da tarihin Amurka daga shekarata dubu daya da dari takwas da sottin 1860 zuwa shekarar 1875 ba." A karshen shekarata 1963, Charles Cobb, mai fafutuka na Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), ya ba da shawarar kungiyar ta dauki nauyin hanyar sadarwa na Makarantun 'Yanci, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar misalan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su a baya a wasu garuruwa. A lokacin bazara na shekarata 1963, hukumar ilimi ta gundumar Prince Edward County, Virginia ta rufe makarantun jama'a maimakon hada su bayan an gurfanar da su a shari'ar da ta biyo bayan ''Brown vs.'' ''Hukumar Ilimi'', don haka Makarantun 'Yanci suka bullo a madadinsu. A cikin Satumba, shekarar 1963, kimanin dalibai 3,000 ne suka halarci zanga-zangar Stay Out for [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|Freedom]] a [[Boston]], maimakon su halarci Makarantun 'Yanci na al'umma. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1963, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar 'Yanci, sama da dalibai 200,000 suka kaura cewa Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don nuna adawa da wariya da karancin yanayin makaranta, tare da wasu suna halartar Makarantun 'Yanci maimakon. Daga baya, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, shekarar 1964 a wata zanga-zangar ranar 'Yanci makamanciyar wannan, sama da dalibai 450,000 suka halarci kaura cewa makarantun jama'a na birnin New York a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girman zanga-zangar 'yancin dan adam na shekarata 1960s, kuma har zuwa dalibai 100,000 sun halarci madadin. Makarantun 'Yanci. == Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi == An habaka Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi a matsayin wani bangare na shekarata 1964 Freedom Summer yancin aikin, wani gagarumin kokari wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da ilmantar da daliban Mississippi don canjin zamantakewa. Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kasa (COFO) &#x2014; kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a na masu fafutuka da kudade da aka samo daga SNCC, CORE, NAACP, da SCLC &#x2014; a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, hadin gwiwar Freedom Summer. Ainihin aikin ya kasance yakin neman rajistar masu kada kuri’a a duk fadin jihar, kuma masu shirya zaben sun bukaci masu sa kai dubu daya su taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan aiki. Kuma Masu fafutuka sun yi shirin gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Demokradiyya mai kama da juna, saboda bakar fata masu jefa kuri'a cikin tsari ya haifar da wakilai masu farar fata zuwa Zaben shugaban kasa. Wadannan kokarce-kokarce sun kare a kirkirar Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party . Duka wakilan hukuma da Jam'iyyar Democratic Democratic Party ta Mississippi sun tafi taron a shekarata1964 na Democratic Democratic a Atlantic City, [[New Jersey]] . A cikin Disamba Shekarata 1963, a lokacin shirye-shiryen shirin bazara na 'Yanci mai zuwa, Charles Cobb ya ba da shawarar hanyar sadarwa ta "Makarantar 'Yanci" wacce za ta habaka shiga siyasa tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare na Mississippi, baya ga bayar da darussan ilimi da tattaunawa. Masu fafutuka da ke shirya aikin bazara na 'Yanci sun yarda da shawarar Cobb kuma a cikin Maris 1964 sun shirya taron tsara tsarin karatu a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a karkashin tallafin Majalisar Ikklisiya ta kasa . Farfesan tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman Staughton Lynd an nada shi Daraktan shirin Makarantar 'Yanci. A tsawon lokacin bazarar 'Yanci, an kafa Makarantun 'Yanci sama da 40 a cikin al'ummomin baki a duk fadin Mississippi. Manufar ita ce a yi kokarin kawo karshen kaura na siyasa na Amurkawa na Afirka ta hanyar karfafa dalibai su zama Yan kasa masu himma da shiga cikin al'umma a cikin al'umma. Sama da daliban Amurkawa 3,000 na Afirka sun halarci wadannan makarantu a lokacin rani na shekarata 1964. Dalibai sun kasance tun daga kanana yara zuwa manya masu matsakaicin shekaru 15. Malamai sun kasance masu aikin sa kai, yawancin su daliban koleji ne da kansu. <ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Freedom Schools] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> == Manufar siyasa da ilimi == An tsara Makarantun 'Yanci tare da manufofin siyasa da na ilimi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci za su ilimantar da daliban firamare da sakandare don zama wakilan canjin zamantakewa da za su shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a da ke gudana, galibi a kokarin rajistar masu zabe. Kuma An raba tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa sassa bakwai na asali wadanda suka yi nazarin yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin dangantakar kabilanci da kuma Kungiyar Hakkin Bil Adama. An karfafa habakar jagoranci, ban da karin kwarewar ilimi na gargajiya. Ilimin a Makarantun 'Yanci ya shafi dalibai ne kuma ya dace da al'ada. Sannan An gina manhajar karatu da koyarwa bisa bukatun daliban, an karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin dalibai da malamai (maimakon lacca) sannan masu tsara manhajoji sun karfafa wa malamai kwarin gwiwar yin koyarwa bisa kwarewar dalibansu. == Tsarin karatu == Bunkasa manhajar karatu ya ta’allaka ne da taron manhajar karatu, wanda ya kunshi malamai da daraktoci suna tattaunawa kan irin ilimin da za a koyar a makarantun ‘yanci. Dole ne malamai su rubuta jita-jita don tsara tsarin karatun su. An gaya musu su tuna yadda rayuwa take a Mississippi da dan gajeren lokacin da suke da shi don koyar da kayan. Dole ne tsarin karatun ya kasance mai son malamai kuma ya zama mai amfani ga dalibai nan da nan, tare da dogara kan tambayoyi da ayyuka. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tambayoyi da tattaunawa maimakon haddar gaskiya da kwanan wata. Kuma Umarnin ga malamai sun haɗa da: : Game da tsarin aji, tambaya shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Ba shi da ma'ana a cika daliban da bayanan da ba zai iya fahimta ba; tambaya ita ce hanyar wayewa. . . Darajar Makarantun 'Yanci za su samu ne daga abin da malamai ke iya ba wa dalibai ta fuskar fahimta da bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da taron manhajar ya tattaro Yan kasa na asali da asali daban-daban, kayyadaddun tsarin koyarwa na karshe ya kunshi abubuwa daga asali daban-daban kuma ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku. Bangarorin uku na manhajar Makarantun ‘Yanci su ne manhajar Ilimi, manhajar zama dan kasa, da Kuma manhajar nishadi. Manufar wadannan sassan shine don koya wa dalibai canjin zamantakewa a cikin makarantar; tarihin yanki; tarihin bakar fata; yadda ake amsa budaddiyar tambayoyi; da bunkasa fasahar ilimi. Manhajar Ilimi ta kunshi karatu, rubutu, da ayyukan baki wadanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da daliban ya samu. Tsarin karatun zama dan kasa shine don karfafa dalibai su yi tambayoyi game da al'umma. Tsarin Nishadi ya bukaci daliban ya kasance mai motsa jiki. A yawancin makarantu, Manhajar zama dan kasa ta mai da hankali kan nau'ikan tambayoyi biyu masu alaka don tattaunawar aji: : Me yasa muke (malamai da dalibai) a Makarantun 'Yanci? : Menene Kungiyar 'Yanci? : Wadanne hanyoyi ne kungiyar Freedom Movement ke ba mu? : Menene yawancin al'adun da muke so? : Menene yawancin al'adun da ba mu so? : Menene muke da shi da muke so mu kiyaye? == Shekara ta farko == An bude Makarantun 'Yanci a makon farko na Yuli shekarata 1964, bayan kusan malaman sa kai na Makarantar 'Yanci 250 sun halarci zaman horo na mako guda a Kwalejin Mata ta Yamma a Oxford, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . Shirye-shiryen na asali sun yi tsammanin Makarantun 'Yanci 25 da dalibai 1,000; a karshen bazara, an bude makarantu 41 ga dalibai sama da 2,500. An kafa Makarantun 'Yanci tare da taimako da jajircewar al'ummomin yankin, wadanda suka samar da gine-gine daban-daban na makarantu da gidaje ga malaman sa kai. Yayin da ake gudanar da wasu makarantun a wuraren shakatawa, dakunan girki, da gidajen zama, da kuma karkashin bishiyoyi, yawancin azuzuwan ana gudanar da su ne a cikin majami'u ko ginshiƙan coci. Halartar ta bambanta a duk lokacin bazara. Wasu makarantu sun sami daidaiton halarta, amma banda wannan. Saboda halartan taron bai zama tilas ba, daukar ma'aikata da kuma kula da zuwan kila shine kalubalen firamare da makarantun suka fuskanta. Kuma A Clarksdale, Mississippi, alal misali, matsakaicin yawan halartar dalibai a cikin makon farko ya kasance goma sha biyar, mako na biyu kuma takwas ne, amma a kowane lokaci a lokacin bazara, makarantar na iya samun halartar dalibai kusan talatin da biyar. Ba kasafai ba ne manya su rika zuwa aji akai-akai. An canza umarni bisa yanayin gida. A yankunan karkara da ake sa ran dalibai za su yi aiki a lokacin makaranta, yawanci ana yin karatu da daddare. A makarantun da ke kula da lokutan makaranta na al'ada, yawanci a cikin birane, ana ba da tsarin karatun zama dan kasa da kwasa-kwasan ilimi na gargajiya da safe kuma ana ba da azuzuwan na musamman kamar kida, wasan kwaikwayo, Kuma da buga rubutu da rana. A yawancin lokuta, za a kebe duk kwanakin makaranta don kokarin yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. Ya zama wajibi ga masu fafutuka na SNCC cewa za a saka hannun jari ga dalibai a ayyukan hakkin jama'a saboda ana sa ran wannan dalibai zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jihar don aiwatar da canjin zamantakewa. A ƙarshen lokacin Makarantar 'Yanci, masu fafutuka da dalibai sun shirya taron jagorancin dalibai a ranar 8 ga Agusta, shekarata 1964, ranar bayan jana'izar James Chaney, daya daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan Chaney, Goodman, da Schwerner . An gudanar da taron a Meridian, Mississippi, a tsohuwar Makarantar Baptist ta Meridian . An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "fadar da'irar Makarantar 'Yanci." Kowace Makarantar 'Yanci ta aika wakilai uku zuwa taron don samar da dandalin matasa don Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party. Wakilan daliban sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi ayyuka, makarantu, harkokin kasashen waje, da matsugunan jama'a tare da ba da shawarwari ga jam'iyyar jihar. A karshen taron, dalibai sun shirya wata sanarwa da ta bukaci samun masaukin jama'a, Kuma ka'idojin gine-gine na kowane gida, hadaddiyar makarantu, tsarin ayyukan jama'a, da kuma nada kwararrun baki zuwa mukaman jihohi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci da dalibai sun ci gaba da jajircewa kan manufar Makarantar 'Yanci. A farkon watan Agustan shekarata 1964, an shirya shirye-shiryen ci gaba da Makarantun 'Yanci a cikin shekarar makaranta mai zuwa, kuma wasu malaman sa kai sun riga sun amince su zauna. Dalibai sun yanke shawarar, duk da haka, yayin taron Makarantar 'Yanci a farkon watan Agusta don ba za su ci gaba da makarantun ba. Duk da haka dalibai sun aiwatar da jagoranci da gwagwarmayar da suka samu a lokacin bazara a makarantunsu. Wasu daliban sun koma makaranta kuma sun bukaci ingantattun kayan aiki da karin kwasa-kwasai. Dalibai a Philadelphia, Mississippi, sun dawo makaranta sanye da maballan "Mutum daya, Kuri'a daya" SNCC &#x2014; wanda aka kore su. == Makarantar Ranar Makarantar Freedom, Philadelphia == John E. Churchville ne ya kafa Laburaren 'Yanci na Philadelphia a shekarata 1964. A cikin Yan shekaru masu zuwa ya fara ba da azuzuwan yamma kuma daga karshe ya mai da dakin karatu zuwa makaranta. Bayan kafuwar wannan makaranta, ya shirya gajerun kasidu da aka buga a cikin littafin, ''What Black Educators Are Saying'', wanda [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/24/obituaries/nathan-wright-jr-black-power-advocate-dies-at-81.html Nathan Wright Jr. ya] shirya kuma aka buga a shekarata 1970. Wannan makala ta kunshi yawancin tunanin Churchville game da yanayin motsi na Black Power da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na koyarwa na sabuwar Makarantar 'Yanci. Ya raina ra'ayoyin duka kungiyoyin al'adu da masu ci gaban kasa a matsayin facade kuma ba hakora ba. A gare shi, Harkar kishin kasa ta juyin juya hali wacce ta yi kira ga cikakken juyin juya hali a nan da kuma ko'ina a doron kasa, ita ce mafi inganci da gaskiya ga ka'idojinta. Sun gano batutuwan cikin rukuni da na daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar bakar fata a Amurka kuma hanya daya tilo ta zama dan juyin juya hali da gaske ita ce ta sake haihuwa; wani iko na waje ya yi aiki wanda ya fara kawar da ku daga wadannan gazawar. Makarantun da kansu sun dogara ne akan tsari mai sauki na fifiko. Idan ilimi shine shigar matasa cikin tsarin akida, to dole ne Makarantar 'Yanci ta sake ilmantar da yaran bakaken fata su yi watsi da babbar akida tare da gina sabon tsari. Don yin wannan, kashi na farko na koyarwa da za a kafa dole ne ya zama sabuwar akidar makarantar. Bayan haka, Kuma dole ne a nemo malaman da za su iya dinke barakar da ke tsakanin asali da kuma ketare, kasancewar su darasi ne ga dalibansu na ciki da wajen aji. A karshe, an tsara tsarin karatun don bayyana ainihin halin da baƙar fata ke ciki da kuma koyar da kayan aiki da kwarewa don magance wannan gaskiyar. Tsarin karatun kamar yadda Churchville ya bayyana abin hawa ne kawai don koyar da gaskiyar juyin juya hali; abubuwan da ke ciki galibi basu da mahimmanci kamar yadda bincike ne wanda zai nuna gaskiyar. Hukumar FBI ta kai farmaki makarantar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarata 1966, bisa zargin tanada kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda. Bayan farmakin, Churchville ya daina fafutuka. == Gado == Za a iya ganin wani bangare na gadon Makarantar 'Yanci a cikin makarantun da ke rike da suna a yau: Akwesasne Freedom School a kan Mohawk Indian ajiyar ; Makarantun 'Yanci a St. Louis, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da [[Chicago]], Illinois, Tyree Scott Freedom School a Seattle, Washington, da Makarantar 'Yanci ta Paulo Freire a Tucson, Arizona. Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) yana gudanar da shirin Makarantar 'Yanci na zamani a duk fadin kasar. An hada wannan shirin ta hanyar bakar fata Al'umma na Crusade don Yara na Asusun Tsaro na Yara. Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF na kasa yana aiki sama da wuraren shirye-shiryen bazara 130 a cikin jihohi 24 a fadin kasar wadanda ke hidima ga yara kusan 12,000. A [[Michigan]] kungiyar Black Radical Congress a [[Detroit]] ta kaddamar da kamfen don kirkirar samfuri bisa ga Makarantun 'Yanci. Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia yunƙuyri ne na ilimin al'umma mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sigar zamani na tsarin karatun Mississippi tare da mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, Kuma aikin zamantakewa da jagoranci tsakanin tsararraki. Ana shirya Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2010-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419163246/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta hanyar hukumar jagora, Al'umma A Makarantu. <ref>http://www.cisphl.org</ref> Jami'ar 'Yanci [[Atlanta|ta Atlanta]], makarantar 'yanci ta zamani kuma makaranta ce kawai a cikin duniya inda duk dalibai ba su da takardar izinin shiga ba tare da izini ba, suna ba da kyauta na koyarwa, sannan tsarin karatun koleji na 'yanci wanda ke taimakawa matasa marasa izini su sami ilimi mafi girma. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ruleville, Mississippi * Gluckstadt, Mississippi * Carthage, Mississippi == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * William Sturkey da Jon N. Hale (eds. ), ''Don Rubuta cikin Hasken 'Yanci: Jaridu na Makarantun 'Yancin Mississippi na 1964.'' Jackson, MS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Mississippi, 2015. * Jon N. Hale, ''Makarantun 'Yanci: Masu fafutuka na dalibai a cikin Kungiyar Hakkin Bil'adama ta Mississippi'' . (New York: Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2016) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum] * [http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html/ Tarihin Makarantar 'Yanci ta Mississippi & Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203045010/http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 Darussa daga Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115163305/http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 |date=2017-01-15 }} ~ tallafin littafin karatu don nazarin Tsarin Makarantun 'Yanci na 1964 * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm Wurin Ilimi na Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091730/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm |date=2013-11-04 }} * [http://www.sfacs.us/ Sankofa Freedom Academy Charter School] * [http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html Bayani game da Bakin Al'umma Crusade ga Yara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030027/http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm Lokacin bazara da Makarantun 'Yanci] * [http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html Bayanin Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005845/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html |date=2008-04-22 }} * [http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Makarantun 'Yanci] ~ Taskar 'Yancin Jama'a * [http://chicagofreedomschool.org/ Makarantar 'Yanci ta Chicago] * [http://garyfreedomschool.org/ Makarantar Gary Freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002045/http://garyfreedomschool.org/ |date=2017-11-16 }} * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/sffreedomschool/ San Francisco Freedom School] * [http://www.sunflowerfreedom.org Aikin Yancin Yankin Sunflower] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] r6c6bfkyaajluyzyz9sbhir4ccpq1rk 974950 974949 2026-11-01T18:51:54Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 974950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Soldiers pay a special visit to about 300 children at Baghdad Airport Prima DVIDS10081.jpg|thumb|Makarantu masu yanci]] '''Makarantun Ƴanci''' sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|Amurkawa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cd14d4z14rko.amp&ved=2ahUKEwimo6-D8PuGAxW2WUEAHbh3DvcQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1QAeK_7xQYPB0tC6Nq_6zr</nowiki></ref>[[Afirkawan Amurka|, Afirka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/babban-jamiin-jks-ya-gana-da-tawagar-alkalai-daga-afrika/&ved=2ahUKEwjjvbGn8PuGAxXCaEEAHcs0AfcQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw349FxgdP9OCoBKS7yHKXjM</nowiki></ref> galibi a [[Kudu]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://aminiya.ng/abin-da-ke-hana-yan-arewa-cin-gajiyar-siyasa-a-kudu/&ved=2ahUKEwjs6p3J8PuGAxWaU0EAHQK7DUcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw1On7_irExTQtO79H5gWzlx</nowiki></ref>. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara [[Amurkawa]] na [[Afirka]] don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, [[siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1599283-ba-ku-tsoron-allah-malamin-musulunci-ya-kunyata-yan-siyasa-a-zaman-makokin-tsohon-gwamna/&ved=2ahUKEwi91-jk8PuGAxWyQ0EAHTUEAkYQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw1jK4heoBF9wUxoWu5qqZ36</nowiki></ref> da [[tattalin arziki]] a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964). == Tarihi == Duk da hukuncin Kotun Koli na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da huɗu (1954) a cikin ''Brown v.'' Shari'ar ''Hukumar Ilimi'' ta lalata tsarin makarantun kebe, a tsakiyar shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da sittin daidai 1960s Mississippi har yanzu tana kiyaye tsarin makarantar farare da "launi mara daidaituwa. A matsakaita, jihar ta kashe $81.66 don ilimantar da dalibi farar fata idan aka kwatanta da $21.77 kawai ga dalibi bakar fata. Mississippi ta kasance daya daga cikin jihohi biyu kacal a cikin kungiyar da ba su da dokar ilimi ta tilas kuma yara da yawa a yankunan karkara an tura su aiki a fagen kuma basu sami karancin ilimi kwata-kwataba. Hatta manhajar karatu ta banbanta na fari da baki. A matsayin misali na yau da kullun, hukumar makarantar farar fata ta Bolivar County ta ba da umarnin cewa "Ba za a koyar da harsunan waje ko al'ada a makarantun Negro ba. Kuma ba za a koyar da tarihin Amurka daga shekarata dubu daya da dari takwas da sottin 1860 zuwa shekarar dubu daya 1875 ba." A karshen shekarata 1963, Charles Cobb, mai fafutuka na Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), ya ba da shawarar kungiyar ta dauki nauyin hanyar sadarwa na Makarantun 'Yanci, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar misalan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su a baya a wasu garuruwa. A lokacin bazara na shekarata 1963, hukumar ilimi ta gundumar Prince Edward County, Virginia ta rufe makarantun jama'a maimakon hada su bayan an gurfanar da su a shari'ar da ta biyo bayan ''Brown vs.'' ''Hukumar Ilimi'', don haka Makarantun 'Yanci suka bullo a madadinsu. A cikin Satumba, shekarar 1963, kimanin dalibai 3,000 ne suka halarci zanga-zangar Stay Out for [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|Freedom]] a [[Boston]], maimakon su halarci Makarantun 'Yanci na al'umma. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1963, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar 'Yanci, sama da dalibai 200,000 suka kaura cewa Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don nuna adawa da wariya da karancin yanayin makaranta, tare da wasu suna halartar Makarantun 'Yanci maimakon. Daga baya, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, shekarar 1964 a wata zanga-zangar ranar 'Yanci makamanciyar wannan, sama da dalibai 450,000 suka halarci kaura cewa makarantun jama'a na birnin New York a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girman zanga-zangar 'yancin dan adam na shekarata 1960s, kuma har zuwa dalibai 100,000 sun halarci madadin. Makarantun 'Yanci. == Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi == An habaka Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi a matsayin wani bangare na shekarata 1964 Freedom Summer yancin aikin, wani gagarumin kokari wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da ilmantar da daliban Mississippi don canjin zamantakewa. Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kasa (COFO) &#x2014; kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a na masu fafutuka da kudade da aka samo daga SNCC, CORE, NAACP, da SCLC &#x2014; a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, hadin gwiwar Freedom Summer. Ainihin aikin ya kasance yakin neman rajistar masu kada kuri’a a duk fadin jihar, kuma masu shirya zaben sun bukaci masu sa kai dubu daya su taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan aiki. Kuma Masu fafutuka sun yi shirin gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Demokradiyya mai kama da juna, saboda bakar fata masu jefa kuri'a cikin tsari ya haifar da wakilai masu farar fata zuwa Zaben shugaban kasa. Wadannan kokarce-kokarce sun kare a kirkirar Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party . Duka wakilan hukuma da Jam'iyyar Democratic Democratic Party ta Mississippi sun tafi taron a shekarata1964 na Democratic Democratic a Atlantic City, [[New Jersey]] . A cikin Disamba Shekarata 1963, a lokacin shirye-shiryen shirin bazara na 'Yanci mai zuwa, Charles Cobb ya ba da shawarar hanyar sadarwa ta "Makarantar 'Yanci" wacce za ta habaka shiga siyasa tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare na Mississippi, baya ga bayar da darussan ilimi da tattaunawa. Masu fafutuka da ke shirya aikin bazara na 'Yanci sun yarda da shawarar Cobb kuma a cikin Maris 1964 sun shirya taron tsara tsarin karatu a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a karkashin tallafin Majalisar Ikklisiya ta kasa . Farfesan tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman Staughton Lynd an nada shi Daraktan shirin Makarantar 'Yanci. A tsawon lokacin bazarar 'Yanci, an kafa Makarantun 'Yanci sama da 40 a cikin al'ummomin baki a duk fadin Mississippi. Manufar ita ce a yi kokarin kawo karshen kaura na siyasa na Amurkawa na Afirka ta hanyar karfafa dalibai su zama Yan kasa masu himma da shiga cikin al'umma a cikin al'umma. Sama da daliban Amurkawa 3,000 na Afirka sun halarci wadannan makarantu a lokacin rani na shekarata 1964. Dalibai sun kasance tun daga kanana yara zuwa manya masu matsakaicin shekaru 15. Malamai sun kasance masu aikin sa kai, yawancin su daliban koleji ne da kansu. <ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Freedom Schools] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> == Manufar siyasa da ilimi == An tsara Makarantun 'Yanci tare da manufofin siyasa da na ilimi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci za su ilimantar da daliban firamare da sakandare don zama wakilan canjin zamantakewa da za su shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a da ke gudana, galibi a kokarin rajistar masu zabe. Kuma An raba tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa sassa bakwai na asali wadanda suka yi nazarin yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin dangantakar kabilanci da kuma Kungiyar Hakkin Bil Adama. An karfafa habakar jagoranci, ban da karin kwarewar ilimi na gargajiya. Ilimin a Makarantun 'Yanci ya shafi dalibai ne kuma ya dace da al'ada. Sannan An gina manhajar karatu da koyarwa bisa bukatun daliban, an karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin dalibai da malamai (maimakon lacca) sannan masu tsara manhajoji sun karfafa wa malamai kwarin gwiwar yin koyarwa bisa kwarewar dalibansu. == Tsarin karatu == Bunkasa manhajar karatu ya ta’allaka ne da taron manhajar karatu, wanda ya kunshi malamai da daraktoci suna tattaunawa kan irin ilimin da za a koyar a makarantun ‘yanci. Dole ne malamai su rubuta jita-jita don tsara tsarin karatun su. An gaya musu su tuna yadda rayuwa take a Mississippi da dan gajeren lokacin da suke da shi don koyar da kayan. Dole ne tsarin karatun ya kasance mai son malamai kuma ya zama mai amfani ga dalibai nan da nan, tare da dogara kan tambayoyi da ayyuka. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tambayoyi da tattaunawa maimakon haddar gaskiya da kwanan wata. Kuma Umarnin ga malamai sun haɗa da: : Game da tsarin aji, tambaya shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Ba shi da ma'ana a cika daliban da bayanan da ba zai iya fahimta ba; tambaya ita ce hanyar wayewa. . . Darajar Makarantun 'Yanci za su samu ne daga abin da malamai ke iya ba wa dalibai ta fuskar fahimta da bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da taron manhajar ya tattaro Yan kasa na asali da asali daban-daban, kayyadaddun tsarin koyarwa na karshe ya kunshi abubuwa daga asali daban-daban kuma ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku. Bangarorin uku na manhajar Makarantun ‘Yanci su ne manhajar Ilimi, manhajar zama dan kasa, da Kuma manhajar nishadi. Manufar wadannan sassan shine don koya wa dalibai canjin zamantakewa a cikin makarantar; tarihin yanki; tarihin bakar fata; yadda ake amsa budaddiyar tambayoyi; da bunkasa fasahar ilimi. Manhajar Ilimi ta kunshi karatu, rubutu, da ayyukan baki wadanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da daliban ya samu. Tsarin karatun zama dan kasa shine don karfafa dalibai su yi tambayoyi game da al'umma. Tsarin Nishadi ya bukaci daliban ya kasance mai motsa jiki. A yawancin makarantu, Manhajar zama dan kasa ta mai da hankali kan nau'ikan tambayoyi biyu masu alaka don tattaunawar aji: : Me yasa muke (malamai da dalibai) a Makarantun 'Yanci? : Menene Kungiyar 'Yanci? : Wadanne hanyoyi ne kungiyar Freedom Movement ke ba mu? : Menene yawancin al'adun da muke so? : Menene yawancin al'adun da ba mu so? : Menene muke da shi da muke so mu kiyaye? == Shekara ta farko == An bude Makarantun 'Yanci a makon farko na Yuli shekarata 1964, bayan kusan malaman sa kai na Makarantar 'Yanci 250 sun halarci zaman horo na mako guda a Kwalejin Mata ta Yamma a Oxford, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . Shirye-shiryen na asali sun yi tsammanin Makarantun 'Yanci 25 da dalibai 1,000; a karshen bazara, an bude makarantu 41 ga dalibai sama da 2,500. An kafa Makarantun 'Yanci tare da taimako da jajircewar al'ummomin yankin, wadanda suka samar da gine-gine daban-daban na makarantu da gidaje ga malaman sa kai. Yayin da ake gudanar da wasu makarantun a wuraren shakatawa, dakunan girki, da gidajen zama, da kuma karkashin bishiyoyi, yawancin azuzuwan ana gudanar da su ne a cikin majami'u ko ginshiƙan coci. Halartar ta bambanta a duk lokacin bazara. Wasu makarantu sun sami daidaiton halarta, amma banda wannan. Saboda halartan taron bai zama tilas ba, daukar ma'aikata da kuma kula da zuwan kila shine kalubalen firamare da makarantun suka fuskanta. Kuma A Clarksdale, Mississippi, alal misali, matsakaicin yawan halartar dalibai a cikin makon farko ya kasance goma sha biyar, mako na biyu kuma takwas ne, amma a kowane lokaci a lokacin bazara, makarantar na iya samun halartar dalibai kusan talatin da biyar. Ba kasafai ba ne manya su rika zuwa aji akai-akai. An canza umarni bisa yanayin gida. A yankunan karkara da ake sa ran dalibai za su yi aiki a lokacin makaranta, yawanci ana yin karatu da daddare. A makarantun da ke kula da lokutan makaranta na al'ada, yawanci a cikin birane, ana ba da tsarin karatun zama dan kasa da kwasa-kwasan ilimi na gargajiya da safe kuma ana ba da azuzuwan na musamman kamar kida, wasan kwaikwayo, Kuma da buga rubutu da rana. A yawancin lokuta, za a kebe duk kwanakin makaranta don kokarin yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. Ya zama wajibi ga masu fafutuka na SNCC cewa za a saka hannun jari ga dalibai a ayyukan hakkin jama'a saboda ana sa ran wannan dalibai zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jihar don aiwatar da canjin zamantakewa. A ƙarshen lokacin Makarantar 'Yanci, masu fafutuka da dalibai sun shirya taron jagorancin dalibai a ranar 8 ga Agusta, shekarata 1964, ranar bayan jana'izar James Chaney, daya daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan Chaney, Goodman, da Schwerner . An gudanar da taron a Meridian, Mississippi, a tsohuwar Makarantar Baptist ta Meridian . An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "fadar da'irar Makarantar 'Yanci." Kowace Makarantar 'Yanci ta aika wakilai uku zuwa taron don samar da dandalin matasa don Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party. Wakilan daliban sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi ayyuka, makarantu, harkokin kasashen waje, da matsugunan jama'a tare da ba da shawarwari ga jam'iyyar jihar. A karshen taron, dalibai sun shirya wata sanarwa da ta bukaci samun masaukin jama'a, Kuma ka'idojin gine-gine na kowane gida, hadaddiyar makarantu, tsarin ayyukan jama'a, da kuma nada kwararrun baki zuwa mukaman jihohi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci da dalibai sun ci gaba da jajircewa kan manufar Makarantar 'Yanci. A farkon watan Agustan shekarata 1964, an shirya shirye-shiryen ci gaba da Makarantun 'Yanci a cikin shekarar makaranta mai zuwa, kuma wasu malaman sa kai sun riga sun amince su zauna. Dalibai sun yanke shawarar, duk da haka, yayin taron Makarantar 'Yanci a farkon watan Agusta don ba za su ci gaba da makarantun ba. Duk da haka dalibai sun aiwatar da jagoranci da gwagwarmayar da suka samu a lokacin bazara a makarantunsu. Wasu daliban sun koma makaranta kuma sun bukaci ingantattun kayan aiki da karin kwasa-kwasai. Dalibai a Philadelphia, Mississippi, sun dawo makaranta sanye da maballan "Mutum daya, Kuri'a daya" SNCC &#x2014; wanda aka kore su. == Makarantar Ranar Makarantar Freedom, Philadelphia == John E. Churchville ne ya kafa Laburaren 'Yanci na Philadelphia a shekarata 1964. A cikin Yan shekaru masu zuwa ya fara ba da azuzuwan yamma kuma daga karshe ya mai da dakin karatu zuwa makaranta. Bayan kafuwar wannan makaranta, ya shirya gajerun kasidu da aka buga a cikin littafin, ''What Black Educators Are Saying'', wanda [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/24/obituaries/nathan-wright-jr-black-power-advocate-dies-at-81.html Nathan Wright Jr. ya] shirya kuma aka buga a shekarata 1970. Wannan makala ta kunshi yawancin tunanin Churchville game da yanayin motsi na Black Power da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na koyarwa na sabuwar Makarantar 'Yanci. Ya raina ra'ayoyin duka kungiyoyin al'adu da masu ci gaban kasa a matsayin facade kuma ba hakora ba. A gare shi, Harkar kishin kasa ta juyin juya hali wacce ta yi kira ga cikakken juyin juya hali a nan da kuma ko'ina a doron kasa, ita ce mafi inganci da gaskiya ga ka'idojinta. Sun gano batutuwan cikin rukuni da na daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar bakar fata a Amurka kuma hanya daya tilo ta zama dan juyin juya hali da gaske ita ce ta sake haihuwa; wani iko na waje ya yi aiki wanda ya fara kawar da ku daga wadannan gazawar. Makarantun da kansu sun dogara ne akan tsari mai sauki na fifiko. Idan ilimi shine shigar matasa cikin tsarin akida, to dole ne Makarantar 'Yanci ta sake ilmantar da yaran bakaken fata su yi watsi da babbar akida tare da gina sabon tsari. Don yin wannan, kashi na farko na koyarwa da za a kafa dole ne ya zama sabuwar akidar makarantar. Bayan haka, Kuma dole ne a nemo malaman da za su iya dinke barakar da ke tsakanin asali da kuma ketare, kasancewar su darasi ne ga dalibansu na ciki da wajen aji. A karshe, an tsara tsarin karatun don bayyana ainihin halin da baƙar fata ke ciki da kuma koyar da kayan aiki da kwarewa don magance wannan gaskiyar. Tsarin karatun kamar yadda Churchville ya bayyana abin hawa ne kawai don koyar da gaskiyar juyin juya hali; abubuwan da ke ciki galibi basu da mahimmanci kamar yadda bincike ne wanda zai nuna gaskiyar. Hukumar FBI ta kai farmaki makarantar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarata 1966, bisa zargin tanada kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda. Bayan farmakin, Churchville ya daina fafutuka. == Gado == Za a iya ganin wani bangare na gadon Makarantar 'Yanci a cikin makarantun da ke rike da suna a yau: Akwesasne Freedom School a kan Mohawk Indian ajiyar ; Makarantun 'Yanci a St. Louis, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da [[Chicago]], Illinois, Tyree Scott Freedom School a Seattle, Washington, da Makarantar 'Yanci ta Paulo Freire a Tucson, Arizona. Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) yana gudanar da shirin Makarantar 'Yanci na zamani a duk fadin kasar. An hada wannan shirin ta hanyar bakar fata Al'umma na Crusade don Yara na Asusun Tsaro na Yara. Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF na kasa yana aiki sama da wuraren shirye-shiryen bazara 130 a cikin jihohi 24 a fadin kasar wadanda ke hidima ga yara kusan 12,000. A [[Michigan]] kungiyar Black Radical Congress a [[Detroit]] ta kaddamar da kamfen don kirkirar samfuri bisa ga Makarantun 'Yanci. Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia yunƙuyri ne na ilimin al'umma mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sigar zamani na tsarin karatun Mississippi tare da mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, Kuma aikin zamantakewa da jagoranci tsakanin tsararraki. Ana shirya Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2010-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419163246/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta hanyar hukumar jagora, Al'umma A Makarantu. <ref>http://www.cisphl.org</ref> Jami'ar 'Yanci [[Atlanta|ta Atlanta]], makarantar 'yanci ta zamani kuma makaranta ce kawai a cikin duniya inda duk dalibai ba su da takardar izinin shiga ba tare da izini ba, suna ba da kyauta na koyarwa, sannan tsarin karatun koleji na 'yanci wanda ke taimakawa matasa marasa izini su sami ilimi mafi girma. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ruleville, Mississippi * Gluckstadt, Mississippi * Carthage, Mississippi == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * William Sturkey da Jon N. Hale (eds. ), ''Don Rubuta cikin Hasken 'Yanci: Jaridu na Makarantun 'Yancin Mississippi na 1964.'' Jackson, MS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Mississippi, 2015. * Jon N. Hale, ''Makarantun 'Yanci: Masu fafutuka na dalibai a cikin Kungiyar Hakkin Bil'adama ta Mississippi'' . (New York: Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2016) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum] * [http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html/ Tarihin Makarantar 'Yanci ta Mississippi & Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203045010/http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 Darussa daga Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115163305/http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 |date=2017-01-15 }} ~ tallafin littafin karatu don nazarin Tsarin Makarantun 'Yanci na 1964 * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm Wurin Ilimi na Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091730/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm |date=2013-11-04 }} * [http://www.sfacs.us/ Sankofa Freedom Academy Charter School] * [http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html Bayani game da Bakin Al'umma Crusade ga Yara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030027/http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm Lokacin bazara da Makarantun 'Yanci] * [http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html Bayanin Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005845/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html |date=2008-04-22 }} * [http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Makarantun 'Yanci] ~ Taskar 'Yancin Jama'a * [http://chicagofreedomschool.org/ Makarantar 'Yanci ta Chicago] * [http://garyfreedomschool.org/ Makarantar Gary Freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002045/http://garyfreedomschool.org/ |date=2017-11-16 }} * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/sffreedomschool/ San Francisco Freedom School] * [http://www.sunflowerfreedom.org Aikin Yancin Yankin Sunflower] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8addwvl37ls19rwjt1ff8lk6uxc84yd 974951 974950 2026-11-01T18:52:20Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 974951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Soldiers pay a special visit to about 300 children at Baghdad Airport Prima DVIDS10081.jpg|thumb|Makarantu masu yanci]] '''Makarantun Ƴanci''' sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|Amurkawa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cd14d4z14rko.amp&ved=2ahUKEwimo6-D8PuGAxW2WUEAHbh3DvcQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1QAeK_7xQYPB0tC6Nq_6zr</nowiki></ref>[[Afirkawan Amurka|, Afirka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/babban-jamiin-jks-ya-gana-da-tawagar-alkalai-daga-afrika/&ved=2ahUKEwjjvbGn8PuGAxXCaEEAHcs0AfcQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw349FxgdP9OCoBKS7yHKXjM</nowiki></ref> galibi a [[Kudu]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://aminiya.ng/abin-da-ke-hana-yan-arewa-cin-gajiyar-siyasa-a-kudu/&ved=2ahUKEwjs6p3J8PuGAxWaU0EAHQK7DUcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw1On7_irExTQtO79H5gWzlx</nowiki></ref>. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara [[Amurkawa]] na [[Afirka]] don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, [[siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1599283-ba-ku-tsoron-allah-malamin-musulunci-ya-kunyata-yan-siyasa-a-zaman-makokin-tsohon-gwamna/&ved=2ahUKEwi91-jk8PuGAxWyQ0EAHTUEAkYQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw1jK4heoBF9wUxoWu5qqZ36</nowiki></ref> da [[tattalin arziki]] a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964). == Tarihi == Duk da hukuncin Kotun Koli na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da huɗu (1954) a cikin ''Brown v.'' Shari'ar ''Hukumar Ilimi'' ta lalata tsarin makarantun kebe, a tsakiyar shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da sittin daidai 1960s Mississippi har yanzu tana kiyaye tsarin makarantar farare da "launi mara daidaituwa. A matsakaita, jihar ta kashe $81.66 don ilimantar da dalibi farar fata idan aka kwatanta da $21.77 kawai ga dalibi bakar fata. Mississippi ta kasance daya daga cikin jihohi biyu kacal a cikin kungiyar da ba su da dokar ilimi ta tilas kuma yara da yawa a yankunan karkara an tura su aiki a fagen kuma basu sami karancin ilimi kwata-kwataba. Hatta manhajar karatu ta banbanta na fari da baki. A matsayin misali na yau da kullun, hukumar makarantar farar fata ta Bolivar County ta ba da umarnin cewa "Ba za a koyar da harsunan waje ko al'ada a makarantun Negro ba. Kuma ba za a koyar da tarihin Amurka daga shekarata dubu daya da dari takwas da sottin 1860 zuwa shekarar dubu daya da 1875 ba." A karshen shekarata 1963, Charles Cobb, mai fafutuka na Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), ya ba da shawarar kungiyar ta dauki nauyin hanyar sadarwa na Makarantun 'Yanci, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar misalan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su a baya a wasu garuruwa. A lokacin bazara na shekarata 1963, hukumar ilimi ta gundumar Prince Edward County, Virginia ta rufe makarantun jama'a maimakon hada su bayan an gurfanar da su a shari'ar da ta biyo bayan ''Brown vs.'' ''Hukumar Ilimi'', don haka Makarantun 'Yanci suka bullo a madadinsu. A cikin Satumba, shekarar 1963, kimanin dalibai 3,000 ne suka halarci zanga-zangar Stay Out for [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|Freedom]] a [[Boston]], maimakon su halarci Makarantun 'Yanci na al'umma. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1963, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar 'Yanci, sama da dalibai 200,000 suka kaura cewa Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don nuna adawa da wariya da karancin yanayin makaranta, tare da wasu suna halartar Makarantun 'Yanci maimakon. Daga baya, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, shekarar 1964 a wata zanga-zangar ranar 'Yanci makamanciyar wannan, sama da dalibai 450,000 suka halarci kaura cewa makarantun jama'a na birnin New York a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girman zanga-zangar 'yancin dan adam na shekarata 1960s, kuma har zuwa dalibai 100,000 sun halarci madadin. Makarantun 'Yanci. == Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi == An habaka Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi a matsayin wani bangare na shekarata 1964 Freedom Summer yancin aikin, wani gagarumin kokari wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da ilmantar da daliban Mississippi don canjin zamantakewa. Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kasa (COFO) &#x2014; kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a na masu fafutuka da kudade da aka samo daga SNCC, CORE, NAACP, da SCLC &#x2014; a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, hadin gwiwar Freedom Summer. Ainihin aikin ya kasance yakin neman rajistar masu kada kuri’a a duk fadin jihar, kuma masu shirya zaben sun bukaci masu sa kai dubu daya su taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan aiki. Kuma Masu fafutuka sun yi shirin gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Demokradiyya mai kama da juna, saboda bakar fata masu jefa kuri'a cikin tsari ya haifar da wakilai masu farar fata zuwa Zaben shugaban kasa. Wadannan kokarce-kokarce sun kare a kirkirar Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party . Duka wakilan hukuma da Jam'iyyar Democratic Democratic Party ta Mississippi sun tafi taron a shekarata1964 na Democratic Democratic a Atlantic City, [[New Jersey]] . A cikin Disamba Shekarata 1963, a lokacin shirye-shiryen shirin bazara na 'Yanci mai zuwa, Charles Cobb ya ba da shawarar hanyar sadarwa ta "Makarantar 'Yanci" wacce za ta habaka shiga siyasa tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare na Mississippi, baya ga bayar da darussan ilimi da tattaunawa. Masu fafutuka da ke shirya aikin bazara na 'Yanci sun yarda da shawarar Cobb kuma a cikin Maris 1964 sun shirya taron tsara tsarin karatu a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a karkashin tallafin Majalisar Ikklisiya ta kasa . Farfesan tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman Staughton Lynd an nada shi Daraktan shirin Makarantar 'Yanci. A tsawon lokacin bazarar 'Yanci, an kafa Makarantun 'Yanci sama da 40 a cikin al'ummomin baki a duk fadin Mississippi. Manufar ita ce a yi kokarin kawo karshen kaura na siyasa na Amurkawa na Afirka ta hanyar karfafa dalibai su zama Yan kasa masu himma da shiga cikin al'umma a cikin al'umma. Sama da daliban Amurkawa 3,000 na Afirka sun halarci wadannan makarantu a lokacin rani na shekarata 1964. Dalibai sun kasance tun daga kanana yara zuwa manya masu matsakaicin shekaru 15. Malamai sun kasance masu aikin sa kai, yawancin su daliban koleji ne da kansu. <ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Freedom Schools] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> == Manufar siyasa da ilimi == An tsara Makarantun 'Yanci tare da manufofin siyasa da na ilimi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci za su ilimantar da daliban firamare da sakandare don zama wakilan canjin zamantakewa da za su shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a da ke gudana, galibi a kokarin rajistar masu zabe. Kuma An raba tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa sassa bakwai na asali wadanda suka yi nazarin yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin dangantakar kabilanci da kuma Kungiyar Hakkin Bil Adama. An karfafa habakar jagoranci, ban da karin kwarewar ilimi na gargajiya. Ilimin a Makarantun 'Yanci ya shafi dalibai ne kuma ya dace da al'ada. Sannan An gina manhajar karatu da koyarwa bisa bukatun daliban, an karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin dalibai da malamai (maimakon lacca) sannan masu tsara manhajoji sun karfafa wa malamai kwarin gwiwar yin koyarwa bisa kwarewar dalibansu. == Tsarin karatu == Bunkasa manhajar karatu ya ta’allaka ne da taron manhajar karatu, wanda ya kunshi malamai da daraktoci suna tattaunawa kan irin ilimin da za a koyar a makarantun ‘yanci. Dole ne malamai su rubuta jita-jita don tsara tsarin karatun su. An gaya musu su tuna yadda rayuwa take a Mississippi da dan gajeren lokacin da suke da shi don koyar da kayan. Dole ne tsarin karatun ya kasance mai son malamai kuma ya zama mai amfani ga dalibai nan da nan, tare da dogara kan tambayoyi da ayyuka. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tambayoyi da tattaunawa maimakon haddar gaskiya da kwanan wata. Kuma Umarnin ga malamai sun haɗa da: : Game da tsarin aji, tambaya shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Ba shi da ma'ana a cika daliban da bayanan da ba zai iya fahimta ba; tambaya ita ce hanyar wayewa. . . Darajar Makarantun 'Yanci za su samu ne daga abin da malamai ke iya ba wa dalibai ta fuskar fahimta da bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da taron manhajar ya tattaro Yan kasa na asali da asali daban-daban, kayyadaddun tsarin koyarwa na karshe ya kunshi abubuwa daga asali daban-daban kuma ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku. Bangarorin uku na manhajar Makarantun ‘Yanci su ne manhajar Ilimi, manhajar zama dan kasa, da Kuma manhajar nishadi. Manufar wadannan sassan shine don koya wa dalibai canjin zamantakewa a cikin makarantar; tarihin yanki; tarihin bakar fata; yadda ake amsa budaddiyar tambayoyi; da bunkasa fasahar ilimi. Manhajar Ilimi ta kunshi karatu, rubutu, da ayyukan baki wadanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da daliban ya samu. Tsarin karatun zama dan kasa shine don karfafa dalibai su yi tambayoyi game da al'umma. Tsarin Nishadi ya bukaci daliban ya kasance mai motsa jiki. A yawancin makarantu, Manhajar zama dan kasa ta mai da hankali kan nau'ikan tambayoyi biyu masu alaka don tattaunawar aji: : Me yasa muke (malamai da dalibai) a Makarantun 'Yanci? : Menene Kungiyar 'Yanci? : Wadanne hanyoyi ne kungiyar Freedom Movement ke ba mu? : Menene yawancin al'adun da muke so? : Menene yawancin al'adun da ba mu so? : Menene muke da shi da muke so mu kiyaye? == Shekara ta farko == An bude Makarantun 'Yanci a makon farko na Yuli shekarata 1964, bayan kusan malaman sa kai na Makarantar 'Yanci 250 sun halarci zaman horo na mako guda a Kwalejin Mata ta Yamma a Oxford, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . Shirye-shiryen na asali sun yi tsammanin Makarantun 'Yanci 25 da dalibai 1,000; a karshen bazara, an bude makarantu 41 ga dalibai sama da 2,500. An kafa Makarantun 'Yanci tare da taimako da jajircewar al'ummomin yankin, wadanda suka samar da gine-gine daban-daban na makarantu da gidaje ga malaman sa kai. Yayin da ake gudanar da wasu makarantun a wuraren shakatawa, dakunan girki, da gidajen zama, da kuma karkashin bishiyoyi, yawancin azuzuwan ana gudanar da su ne a cikin majami'u ko ginshiƙan coci. Halartar ta bambanta a duk lokacin bazara. Wasu makarantu sun sami daidaiton halarta, amma banda wannan. Saboda halartan taron bai zama tilas ba, daukar ma'aikata da kuma kula da zuwan kila shine kalubalen firamare da makarantun suka fuskanta. Kuma A Clarksdale, Mississippi, alal misali, matsakaicin yawan halartar dalibai a cikin makon farko ya kasance goma sha biyar, mako na biyu kuma takwas ne, amma a kowane lokaci a lokacin bazara, makarantar na iya samun halartar dalibai kusan talatin da biyar. Ba kasafai ba ne manya su rika zuwa aji akai-akai. An canza umarni bisa yanayin gida. A yankunan karkara da ake sa ran dalibai za su yi aiki a lokacin makaranta, yawanci ana yin karatu da daddare. A makarantun da ke kula da lokutan makaranta na al'ada, yawanci a cikin birane, ana ba da tsarin karatun zama dan kasa da kwasa-kwasan ilimi na gargajiya da safe kuma ana ba da azuzuwan na musamman kamar kida, wasan kwaikwayo, Kuma da buga rubutu da rana. A yawancin lokuta, za a kebe duk kwanakin makaranta don kokarin yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. Ya zama wajibi ga masu fafutuka na SNCC cewa za a saka hannun jari ga dalibai a ayyukan hakkin jama'a saboda ana sa ran wannan dalibai zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jihar don aiwatar da canjin zamantakewa. A ƙarshen lokacin Makarantar 'Yanci, masu fafutuka da dalibai sun shirya taron jagorancin dalibai a ranar 8 ga Agusta, shekarata 1964, ranar bayan jana'izar James Chaney, daya daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan Chaney, Goodman, da Schwerner . An gudanar da taron a Meridian, Mississippi, a tsohuwar Makarantar Baptist ta Meridian . An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "fadar da'irar Makarantar 'Yanci." Kowace Makarantar 'Yanci ta aika wakilai uku zuwa taron don samar da dandalin matasa don Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party. Wakilan daliban sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi ayyuka, makarantu, harkokin kasashen waje, da matsugunan jama'a tare da ba da shawarwari ga jam'iyyar jihar. A karshen taron, dalibai sun shirya wata sanarwa da ta bukaci samun masaukin jama'a, Kuma ka'idojin gine-gine na kowane gida, hadaddiyar makarantu, tsarin ayyukan jama'a, da kuma nada kwararrun baki zuwa mukaman jihohi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci da dalibai sun ci gaba da jajircewa kan manufar Makarantar 'Yanci. A farkon watan Agustan shekarata 1964, an shirya shirye-shiryen ci gaba da Makarantun 'Yanci a cikin shekarar makaranta mai zuwa, kuma wasu malaman sa kai sun riga sun amince su zauna. Dalibai sun yanke shawarar, duk da haka, yayin taron Makarantar 'Yanci a farkon watan Agusta don ba za su ci gaba da makarantun ba. Duk da haka dalibai sun aiwatar da jagoranci da gwagwarmayar da suka samu a lokacin bazara a makarantunsu. Wasu daliban sun koma makaranta kuma sun bukaci ingantattun kayan aiki da karin kwasa-kwasai. Dalibai a Philadelphia, Mississippi, sun dawo makaranta sanye da maballan "Mutum daya, Kuri'a daya" SNCC &#x2014; wanda aka kore su. == Makarantar Ranar Makarantar Freedom, Philadelphia == John E. Churchville ne ya kafa Laburaren 'Yanci na Philadelphia a shekarata 1964. A cikin Yan shekaru masu zuwa ya fara ba da azuzuwan yamma kuma daga karshe ya mai da dakin karatu zuwa makaranta. Bayan kafuwar wannan makaranta, ya shirya gajerun kasidu da aka buga a cikin littafin, ''What Black Educators Are Saying'', wanda [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/24/obituaries/nathan-wright-jr-black-power-advocate-dies-at-81.html Nathan Wright Jr. ya] shirya kuma aka buga a shekarata 1970. Wannan makala ta kunshi yawancin tunanin Churchville game da yanayin motsi na Black Power da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na koyarwa na sabuwar Makarantar 'Yanci. Ya raina ra'ayoyin duka kungiyoyin al'adu da masu ci gaban kasa a matsayin facade kuma ba hakora ba. A gare shi, Harkar kishin kasa ta juyin juya hali wacce ta yi kira ga cikakken juyin juya hali a nan da kuma ko'ina a doron kasa, ita ce mafi inganci da gaskiya ga ka'idojinta. Sun gano batutuwan cikin rukuni da na daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar bakar fata a Amurka kuma hanya daya tilo ta zama dan juyin juya hali da gaske ita ce ta sake haihuwa; wani iko na waje ya yi aiki wanda ya fara kawar da ku daga wadannan gazawar. Makarantun da kansu sun dogara ne akan tsari mai sauki na fifiko. Idan ilimi shine shigar matasa cikin tsarin akida, to dole ne Makarantar 'Yanci ta sake ilmantar da yaran bakaken fata su yi watsi da babbar akida tare da gina sabon tsari. Don yin wannan, kashi na farko na koyarwa da za a kafa dole ne ya zama sabuwar akidar makarantar. Bayan haka, Kuma dole ne a nemo malaman da za su iya dinke barakar da ke tsakanin asali da kuma ketare, kasancewar su darasi ne ga dalibansu na ciki da wajen aji. A karshe, an tsara tsarin karatun don bayyana ainihin halin da baƙar fata ke ciki da kuma koyar da kayan aiki da kwarewa don magance wannan gaskiyar. Tsarin karatun kamar yadda Churchville ya bayyana abin hawa ne kawai don koyar da gaskiyar juyin juya hali; abubuwan da ke ciki galibi basu da mahimmanci kamar yadda bincike ne wanda zai nuna gaskiyar. Hukumar FBI ta kai farmaki makarantar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarata 1966, bisa zargin tanada kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda. Bayan farmakin, Churchville ya daina fafutuka. == Gado == Za a iya ganin wani bangare na gadon Makarantar 'Yanci a cikin makarantun da ke rike da suna a yau: Akwesasne Freedom School a kan Mohawk Indian ajiyar ; Makarantun 'Yanci a St. Louis, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da [[Chicago]], Illinois, Tyree Scott Freedom School a Seattle, Washington, da Makarantar 'Yanci ta Paulo Freire a Tucson, Arizona. Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) yana gudanar da shirin Makarantar 'Yanci na zamani a duk fadin kasar. An hada wannan shirin ta hanyar bakar fata Al'umma na Crusade don Yara na Asusun Tsaro na Yara. Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF na kasa yana aiki sama da wuraren shirye-shiryen bazara 130 a cikin jihohi 24 a fadin kasar wadanda ke hidima ga yara kusan 12,000. A [[Michigan]] kungiyar Black Radical Congress a [[Detroit]] ta kaddamar da kamfen don kirkirar samfuri bisa ga Makarantun 'Yanci. Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia yunƙuyri ne na ilimin al'umma mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sigar zamani na tsarin karatun Mississippi tare da mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, Kuma aikin zamantakewa da jagoranci tsakanin tsararraki. Ana shirya Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2010-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419163246/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta hanyar hukumar jagora, Al'umma A Makarantu. <ref>http://www.cisphl.org</ref> Jami'ar 'Yanci [[Atlanta|ta Atlanta]], makarantar 'yanci ta zamani kuma makaranta ce kawai a cikin duniya inda duk dalibai ba su da takardar izinin shiga ba tare da izini ba, suna ba da kyauta na koyarwa, sannan tsarin karatun koleji na 'yanci wanda ke taimakawa matasa marasa izini su sami ilimi mafi girma. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ruleville, Mississippi * Gluckstadt, Mississippi * Carthage, Mississippi == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * William Sturkey da Jon N. Hale (eds. ), ''Don Rubuta cikin Hasken 'Yanci: Jaridu na Makarantun 'Yancin Mississippi na 1964.'' Jackson, MS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Mississippi, 2015. * Jon N. Hale, ''Makarantun 'Yanci: Masu fafutuka na dalibai a cikin Kungiyar Hakkin Bil'adama ta Mississippi'' . (New York: Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2016) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum] * [http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html/ Tarihin Makarantar 'Yanci ta Mississippi & Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203045010/http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 Darussa daga Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115163305/http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 |date=2017-01-15 }} ~ tallafin littafin karatu don nazarin Tsarin Makarantun 'Yanci na 1964 * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm Wurin Ilimi na Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091730/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm |date=2013-11-04 }} * [http://www.sfacs.us/ Sankofa Freedom Academy Charter School] * [http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html Bayani game da Bakin Al'umma Crusade ga Yara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030027/http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm Lokacin bazara da Makarantun 'Yanci] * [http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html Bayanin Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005845/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html |date=2008-04-22 }} * [http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Makarantun 'Yanci] ~ Taskar 'Yancin Jama'a * [http://chicagofreedomschool.org/ Makarantar 'Yanci ta Chicago] * [http://garyfreedomschool.org/ Makarantar Gary Freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002045/http://garyfreedomschool.org/ |date=2017-11-16 }} * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/sffreedomschool/ San Francisco Freedom School] * [http://www.sunflowerfreedom.org Aikin Yancin Yankin Sunflower] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nnsp8o7cmn1qcg2pbzfzzdfuhgzeqq9 974953 974951 2026-11-01T18:53:10Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 974953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Soldiers pay a special visit to about 300 children at Baghdad Airport Prima DVIDS10081.jpg|thumb|Makarantu masu yanci]] '''Makarantun Ƴanci''' sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|Amurkawa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cd14d4z14rko.amp&ved=2ahUKEwimo6-D8PuGAxW2WUEAHbh3DvcQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1QAeK_7xQYPB0tC6Nq_6zr</nowiki></ref>[[Afirkawan Amurka|, Afirka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/babban-jamiin-jks-ya-gana-da-tawagar-alkalai-daga-afrika/&ved=2ahUKEwjjvbGn8PuGAxXCaEEAHcs0AfcQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw349FxgdP9OCoBKS7yHKXjM</nowiki></ref> galibi a [[Kudu]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://aminiya.ng/abin-da-ke-hana-yan-arewa-cin-gajiyar-siyasa-a-kudu/&ved=2ahUKEwjs6p3J8PuGAxWaU0EAHQK7DUcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw1On7_irExTQtO79H5gWzlx</nowiki></ref>. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara [[Amurkawa]] na [[Afirka]] don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, [[siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1599283-ba-ku-tsoron-allah-malamin-musulunci-ya-kunyata-yan-siyasa-a-zaman-makokin-tsohon-gwamna/&ved=2ahUKEwi91-jk8PuGAxWyQ0EAHTUEAkYQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw1jK4heoBF9wUxoWu5qqZ36</nowiki></ref> da [[tattalin arziki]] a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964). == Tarihi == Duk da hukuncin Kotun Koli na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da huɗu (1954) a cikin ''Brown v.'' Shari'ar ''Hukumar Ilimi'' ta lalata tsarin makarantun kebe, a tsakiyar shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da sittin daidai 1960s Mississippi har yanzu tana kiyaye tsarin makarantar farare da "launi mara daidaituwa. A matsakaita, jihar ta kashe $81.66 don ilimantar da dalibi farar fata idan aka kwatanta da $21.77 kawai ga dalibi bakar fata. Mississippi ta kasance daya daga cikin jihohi biyu kacal a cikin kungiyar da ba su da dokar ilimi ta tilas kuma yara da yawa a yankunan karkara an tura su aiki a fagen kuma basu sami karancin ilimi kwata-kwataba. Hatta manhajar karatu ta banbanta na fari da baki. A matsayin misali na yau da kullun, hukumar makarantar farar fata ta Bolivar County ta ba da umarnin cewa "Ba za a koyar da harsunan waje ko al'ada a makarantun Negro ba. Kuma ba za a koyar da tarihin Amurka daga shekarata dubu daya da dari takwas da sottin 1860 zuwa shekarar dubu daya da dari takwas 1875 ba." A karshen shekarata 1963, Charles Cobb, mai fafutuka na Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), ya ba da shawarar kungiyar ta dauki nauyin hanyar sadarwa na Makarantun 'Yanci, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar misalan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su a baya a wasu garuruwa. A lokacin bazara na shekarata 1963, hukumar ilimi ta gundumar Prince Edward County, Virginia ta rufe makarantun jama'a maimakon hada su bayan an gurfanar da su a shari'ar da ta biyo bayan ''Brown vs.'' ''Hukumar Ilimi'', don haka Makarantun 'Yanci suka bullo a madadinsu. A cikin Satumba, shekarar 1963, kimanin dalibai 3,000 ne suka halarci zanga-zangar Stay Out for [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|Freedom]] a [[Boston]], maimakon su halarci Makarantun 'Yanci na al'umma. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1963, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar 'Yanci, sama da dalibai 200,000 suka kaura cewa Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don nuna adawa da wariya da karancin yanayin makaranta, tare da wasu suna halartar Makarantun 'Yanci maimakon. Daga baya, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, shekarar 1964 a wata zanga-zangar ranar 'Yanci makamanciyar wannan, sama da dalibai 450,000 suka halarci kaura cewa makarantun jama'a na birnin New York a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girman zanga-zangar 'yancin dan adam na shekarata 1960s, kuma har zuwa dalibai 100,000 sun halarci madadin. Makarantun 'Yanci. == Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi == An habaka Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi a matsayin wani bangare na shekarata 1964 Freedom Summer yancin aikin, wani gagarumin kokari wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da ilmantar da daliban Mississippi don canjin zamantakewa. Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kasa (COFO) &#x2014; kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a na masu fafutuka da kudade da aka samo daga SNCC, CORE, NAACP, da SCLC &#x2014; a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, hadin gwiwar Freedom Summer. Ainihin aikin ya kasance yakin neman rajistar masu kada kuri’a a duk fadin jihar, kuma masu shirya zaben sun bukaci masu sa kai dubu daya su taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan aiki. Kuma Masu fafutuka sun yi shirin gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Demokradiyya mai kama da juna, saboda bakar fata masu jefa kuri'a cikin tsari ya haifar da wakilai masu farar fata zuwa Zaben shugaban kasa. Wadannan kokarce-kokarce sun kare a kirkirar Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party . Duka wakilan hukuma da Jam'iyyar Democratic Democratic Party ta Mississippi sun tafi taron a shekarata1964 na Democratic Democratic a Atlantic City, [[New Jersey]] . A cikin Disamba Shekarata 1963, a lokacin shirye-shiryen shirin bazara na 'Yanci mai zuwa, Charles Cobb ya ba da shawarar hanyar sadarwa ta "Makarantar 'Yanci" wacce za ta habaka shiga siyasa tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare na Mississippi, baya ga bayar da darussan ilimi da tattaunawa. Masu fafutuka da ke shirya aikin bazara na 'Yanci sun yarda da shawarar Cobb kuma a cikin Maris 1964 sun shirya taron tsara tsarin karatu a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a karkashin tallafin Majalisar Ikklisiya ta kasa . Farfesan tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman Staughton Lynd an nada shi Daraktan shirin Makarantar 'Yanci. A tsawon lokacin bazarar 'Yanci, an kafa Makarantun 'Yanci sama da 40 a cikin al'ummomin baki a duk fadin Mississippi. Manufar ita ce a yi kokarin kawo karshen kaura na siyasa na Amurkawa na Afirka ta hanyar karfafa dalibai su zama Yan kasa masu himma da shiga cikin al'umma a cikin al'umma. Sama da daliban Amurkawa 3,000 na Afirka sun halarci wadannan makarantu a lokacin rani na shekarata 1964. Dalibai sun kasance tun daga kanana yara zuwa manya masu matsakaicin shekaru 15. Malamai sun kasance masu aikin sa kai, yawancin su daliban koleji ne da kansu. <ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Freedom Schools] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> == Manufar siyasa da ilimi == An tsara Makarantun 'Yanci tare da manufofin siyasa da na ilimi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci za su ilimantar da daliban firamare da sakandare don zama wakilan canjin zamantakewa da za su shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a da ke gudana, galibi a kokarin rajistar masu zabe. Kuma An raba tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa sassa bakwai na asali wadanda suka yi nazarin yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin dangantakar kabilanci da kuma Kungiyar Hakkin Bil Adama. An karfafa habakar jagoranci, ban da karin kwarewar ilimi na gargajiya. Ilimin a Makarantun 'Yanci ya shafi dalibai ne kuma ya dace da al'ada. Sannan An gina manhajar karatu da koyarwa bisa bukatun daliban, an karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin dalibai da malamai (maimakon lacca) sannan masu tsara manhajoji sun karfafa wa malamai kwarin gwiwar yin koyarwa bisa kwarewar dalibansu. == Tsarin karatu == Bunkasa manhajar karatu ya ta’allaka ne da taron manhajar karatu, wanda ya kunshi malamai da daraktoci suna tattaunawa kan irin ilimin da za a koyar a makarantun ‘yanci. Dole ne malamai su rubuta jita-jita don tsara tsarin karatun su. An gaya musu su tuna yadda rayuwa take a Mississippi da dan gajeren lokacin da suke da shi don koyar da kayan. Dole ne tsarin karatun ya kasance mai son malamai kuma ya zama mai amfani ga dalibai nan da nan, tare da dogara kan tambayoyi da ayyuka. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tambayoyi da tattaunawa maimakon haddar gaskiya da kwanan wata. Kuma Umarnin ga malamai sun haɗa da: : Game da tsarin aji, tambaya shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Ba shi da ma'ana a cika daliban da bayanan da ba zai iya fahimta ba; tambaya ita ce hanyar wayewa. . . Darajar Makarantun 'Yanci za su samu ne daga abin da malamai ke iya ba wa dalibai ta fuskar fahimta da bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da taron manhajar ya tattaro Yan kasa na asali da asali daban-daban, kayyadaddun tsarin koyarwa na karshe ya kunshi abubuwa daga asali daban-daban kuma ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku. Bangarorin uku na manhajar Makarantun ‘Yanci su ne manhajar Ilimi, manhajar zama dan kasa, da Kuma manhajar nishadi. Manufar wadannan sassan shine don koya wa dalibai canjin zamantakewa a cikin makarantar; tarihin yanki; tarihin bakar fata; yadda ake amsa budaddiyar tambayoyi; da bunkasa fasahar ilimi. Manhajar Ilimi ta kunshi karatu, rubutu, da ayyukan baki wadanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da daliban ya samu. Tsarin karatun zama dan kasa shine don karfafa dalibai su yi tambayoyi game da al'umma. Tsarin Nishadi ya bukaci daliban ya kasance mai motsa jiki. A yawancin makarantu, Manhajar zama dan kasa ta mai da hankali kan nau'ikan tambayoyi biyu masu alaka don tattaunawar aji: : Me yasa muke (malamai da dalibai) a Makarantun 'Yanci? : Menene Kungiyar 'Yanci? : Wadanne hanyoyi ne kungiyar Freedom Movement ke ba mu? : Menene yawancin al'adun da muke so? : Menene yawancin al'adun da ba mu so? : Menene muke da shi da muke so mu kiyaye? == Shekara ta farko == An bude Makarantun 'Yanci a makon farko na Yuli shekarata 1964, bayan kusan malaman sa kai na Makarantar 'Yanci 250 sun halarci zaman horo na mako guda a Kwalejin Mata ta Yamma a Oxford, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . Shirye-shiryen na asali sun yi tsammanin Makarantun 'Yanci 25 da dalibai 1,000; a karshen bazara, an bude makarantu 41 ga dalibai sama da 2,500. An kafa Makarantun 'Yanci tare da taimako da jajircewar al'ummomin yankin, wadanda suka samar da gine-gine daban-daban na makarantu da gidaje ga malaman sa kai. Yayin da ake gudanar da wasu makarantun a wuraren shakatawa, dakunan girki, da gidajen zama, da kuma karkashin bishiyoyi, yawancin azuzuwan ana gudanar da su ne a cikin majami'u ko ginshiƙan coci. Halartar ta bambanta a duk lokacin bazara. Wasu makarantu sun sami daidaiton halarta, amma banda wannan. Saboda halartan taron bai zama tilas ba, daukar ma'aikata da kuma kula da zuwan kila shine kalubalen firamare da makarantun suka fuskanta. Kuma A Clarksdale, Mississippi, alal misali, matsakaicin yawan halartar dalibai a cikin makon farko ya kasance goma sha biyar, mako na biyu kuma takwas ne, amma a kowane lokaci a lokacin bazara, makarantar na iya samun halartar dalibai kusan talatin da biyar. Ba kasafai ba ne manya su rika zuwa aji akai-akai. An canza umarni bisa yanayin gida. A yankunan karkara da ake sa ran dalibai za su yi aiki a lokacin makaranta, yawanci ana yin karatu da daddare. A makarantun da ke kula da lokutan makaranta na al'ada, yawanci a cikin birane, ana ba da tsarin karatun zama dan kasa da kwasa-kwasan ilimi na gargajiya da safe kuma ana ba da azuzuwan na musamman kamar kida, wasan kwaikwayo, Kuma da buga rubutu da rana. A yawancin lokuta, za a kebe duk kwanakin makaranta don kokarin yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. Ya zama wajibi ga masu fafutuka na SNCC cewa za a saka hannun jari ga dalibai a ayyukan hakkin jama'a saboda ana sa ran wannan dalibai zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jihar don aiwatar da canjin zamantakewa. A ƙarshen lokacin Makarantar 'Yanci, masu fafutuka da dalibai sun shirya taron jagorancin dalibai a ranar 8 ga Agusta, shekarata 1964, ranar bayan jana'izar James Chaney, daya daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan Chaney, Goodman, da Schwerner . An gudanar da taron a Meridian, Mississippi, a tsohuwar Makarantar Baptist ta Meridian . An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "fadar da'irar Makarantar 'Yanci." Kowace Makarantar 'Yanci ta aika wakilai uku zuwa taron don samar da dandalin matasa don Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party. Wakilan daliban sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi ayyuka, makarantu, harkokin kasashen waje, da matsugunan jama'a tare da ba da shawarwari ga jam'iyyar jihar. A karshen taron, dalibai sun shirya wata sanarwa da ta bukaci samun masaukin jama'a, Kuma ka'idojin gine-gine na kowane gida, hadaddiyar makarantu, tsarin ayyukan jama'a, da kuma nada kwararrun baki zuwa mukaman jihohi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci da dalibai sun ci gaba da jajircewa kan manufar Makarantar 'Yanci. A farkon watan Agustan shekarata 1964, an shirya shirye-shiryen ci gaba da Makarantun 'Yanci a cikin shekarar makaranta mai zuwa, kuma wasu malaman sa kai sun riga sun amince su zauna. Dalibai sun yanke shawarar, duk da haka, yayin taron Makarantar 'Yanci a farkon watan Agusta don ba za su ci gaba da makarantun ba. Duk da haka dalibai sun aiwatar da jagoranci da gwagwarmayar da suka samu a lokacin bazara a makarantunsu. Wasu daliban sun koma makaranta kuma sun bukaci ingantattun kayan aiki da karin kwasa-kwasai. Dalibai a Philadelphia, Mississippi, sun dawo makaranta sanye da maballan "Mutum daya, Kuri'a daya" SNCC &#x2014; wanda aka kore su. == Makarantar Ranar Makarantar Freedom, Philadelphia == John E. Churchville ne ya kafa Laburaren 'Yanci na Philadelphia a shekarata 1964. A cikin Yan shekaru masu zuwa ya fara ba da azuzuwan yamma kuma daga karshe ya mai da dakin karatu zuwa makaranta. Bayan kafuwar wannan makaranta, ya shirya gajerun kasidu da aka buga a cikin littafin, ''What Black Educators Are Saying'', wanda [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/24/obituaries/nathan-wright-jr-black-power-advocate-dies-at-81.html Nathan Wright Jr. ya] shirya kuma aka buga a shekarata 1970. Wannan makala ta kunshi yawancin tunanin Churchville game da yanayin motsi na Black Power da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na koyarwa na sabuwar Makarantar 'Yanci. Ya raina ra'ayoyin duka kungiyoyin al'adu da masu ci gaban kasa a matsayin facade kuma ba hakora ba. A gare shi, Harkar kishin kasa ta juyin juya hali wacce ta yi kira ga cikakken juyin juya hali a nan da kuma ko'ina a doron kasa, ita ce mafi inganci da gaskiya ga ka'idojinta. Sun gano batutuwan cikin rukuni da na daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar bakar fata a Amurka kuma hanya daya tilo ta zama dan juyin juya hali da gaske ita ce ta sake haihuwa; wani iko na waje ya yi aiki wanda ya fara kawar da ku daga wadannan gazawar. Makarantun da kansu sun dogara ne akan tsari mai sauki na fifiko. Idan ilimi shine shigar matasa cikin tsarin akida, to dole ne Makarantar 'Yanci ta sake ilmantar da yaran bakaken fata su yi watsi da babbar akida tare da gina sabon tsari. Don yin wannan, kashi na farko na koyarwa da za a kafa dole ne ya zama sabuwar akidar makarantar. Bayan haka, Kuma dole ne a nemo malaman da za su iya dinke barakar da ke tsakanin asali da kuma ketare, kasancewar su darasi ne ga dalibansu na ciki da wajen aji. A karshe, an tsara tsarin karatun don bayyana ainihin halin da baƙar fata ke ciki da kuma koyar da kayan aiki da kwarewa don magance wannan gaskiyar. Tsarin karatun kamar yadda Churchville ya bayyana abin hawa ne kawai don koyar da gaskiyar juyin juya hali; abubuwan da ke ciki galibi basu da mahimmanci kamar yadda bincike ne wanda zai nuna gaskiyar. Hukumar FBI ta kai farmaki makarantar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarata 1966, bisa zargin tanada kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda. Bayan farmakin, Churchville ya daina fafutuka. == Gado == Za a iya ganin wani bangare na gadon Makarantar 'Yanci a cikin makarantun da ke rike da suna a yau: Akwesasne Freedom School a kan Mohawk Indian ajiyar ; Makarantun 'Yanci a St. Louis, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da [[Chicago]], Illinois, Tyree Scott Freedom School a Seattle, Washington, da Makarantar 'Yanci ta Paulo Freire a Tucson, Arizona. Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) yana gudanar da shirin Makarantar 'Yanci na zamani a duk fadin kasar. An hada wannan shirin ta hanyar bakar fata Al'umma na Crusade don Yara na Asusun Tsaro na Yara. Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF na kasa yana aiki sama da wuraren shirye-shiryen bazara 130 a cikin jihohi 24 a fadin kasar wadanda ke hidima ga yara kusan 12,000. A [[Michigan]] kungiyar Black Radical Congress a [[Detroit]] ta kaddamar da kamfen don kirkirar samfuri bisa ga Makarantun 'Yanci. Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia yunƙuyri ne na ilimin al'umma mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sigar zamani na tsarin karatun Mississippi tare da mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, Kuma aikin zamantakewa da jagoranci tsakanin tsararraki. Ana shirya Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2010-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419163246/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta hanyar hukumar jagora, Al'umma A Makarantu. <ref>http://www.cisphl.org</ref> Jami'ar 'Yanci [[Atlanta|ta Atlanta]], makarantar 'yanci ta zamani kuma makaranta ce kawai a cikin duniya inda duk dalibai ba su da takardar izinin shiga ba tare da izini ba, suna ba da kyauta na koyarwa, sannan tsarin karatun koleji na 'yanci wanda ke taimakawa matasa marasa izini su sami ilimi mafi girma. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ruleville, Mississippi * Gluckstadt, Mississippi * Carthage, Mississippi == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * William Sturkey da Jon N. Hale (eds. ), ''Don Rubuta cikin Hasken 'Yanci: Jaridu na Makarantun 'Yancin Mississippi na 1964.'' Jackson, MS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Mississippi, 2015. * Jon N. Hale, ''Makarantun 'Yanci: Masu fafutuka na dalibai a cikin Kungiyar Hakkin Bil'adama ta Mississippi'' . (New York: Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2016) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum] * [http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html/ Tarihin Makarantar 'Yanci ta Mississippi & Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203045010/http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 Darussa daga Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115163305/http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 |date=2017-01-15 }} ~ tallafin littafin karatu don nazarin Tsarin Makarantun 'Yanci na 1964 * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm Wurin Ilimi na Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091730/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm |date=2013-11-04 }} * [http://www.sfacs.us/ Sankofa Freedom Academy Charter School] * [http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html Bayani game da Bakin Al'umma Crusade ga Yara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030027/http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm Lokacin bazara da Makarantun 'Yanci] * [http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html Bayanin Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005845/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html |date=2008-04-22 }} * [http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Makarantun 'Yanci] ~ Taskar 'Yancin Jama'a * [http://chicagofreedomschool.org/ Makarantar 'Yanci ta Chicago] * [http://garyfreedomschool.org/ Makarantar Gary Freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002045/http://garyfreedomschool.org/ |date=2017-11-16 }} * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/sffreedomschool/ San Francisco Freedom School] * [http://www.sunflowerfreedom.org Aikin Yancin Yankin Sunflower] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] abkrc0m1grl3u0ejz7jxvkgobq6sll8 974955 974953 2026-11-01T18:53:37Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 974955 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Soldiers pay a special visit to about 300 children at Baghdad Airport Prima DVIDS10081.jpg|thumb|Makarantu masu yanci]] '''Makarantun Ƴanci''' sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|Amurkawa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cd14d4z14rko.amp&ved=2ahUKEwimo6-D8PuGAxW2WUEAHbh3DvcQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1QAeK_7xQYPB0tC6Nq_6zr</nowiki></ref>[[Afirkawan Amurka|, Afirka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/babban-jamiin-jks-ya-gana-da-tawagar-alkalai-daga-afrika/&ved=2ahUKEwjjvbGn8PuGAxXCaEEAHcs0AfcQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw349FxgdP9OCoBKS7yHKXjM</nowiki></ref> galibi a [[Kudu]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://aminiya.ng/abin-da-ke-hana-yan-arewa-cin-gajiyar-siyasa-a-kudu/&ved=2ahUKEwjs6p3J8PuGAxWaU0EAHQK7DUcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw1On7_irExTQtO79H5gWzlx</nowiki></ref>. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara [[Amurkawa]] na [[Afirka]] don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, [[siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1599283-ba-ku-tsoron-allah-malamin-musulunci-ya-kunyata-yan-siyasa-a-zaman-makokin-tsohon-gwamna/&ved=2ahUKEwi91-jk8PuGAxWyQ0EAHTUEAkYQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw1jK4heoBF9wUxoWu5qqZ36</nowiki></ref> da [[tattalin arziki]] a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964). == Tarihi == Duk da hukuncin Kotun Koli na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da huɗu (1954) a cikin ''Brown v.'' Shari'ar ''Hukumar Ilimi'' ta lalata tsarin makarantun kebe, a tsakiyar shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da sittin daidai 1960s Mississippi har yanzu tana kiyaye tsarin makarantar farare da "launi mara daidaituwa. A matsakaita, jihar ta kashe $81.66 don ilimantar da dalibi farar fata idan aka kwatanta da $21.77 kawai ga dalibi bakar fata. Mississippi ta kasance daya daga cikin jihohi biyu kacal a cikin kungiyar da ba su da dokar ilimi ta tilas kuma yara da yawa a yankunan karkara an tura su aiki a fagen kuma basu sami karancin ilimi kwata-kwataba. Hatta manhajar karatu ta banbanta na fari da baki. A matsayin misali na yau da kullun, hukumar makarantar farar fata ta Bolivar County ta ba da umarnin cewa "Ba za a koyar da harsunan waje ko al'ada a makarantun Negro ba. Kuma ba za a koyar da tarihin Amurka daga shekarata dubu daya da dari takwas da sottin 1860 zuwa shekarar dubu daya da dari takwas da 1875 ba." A karshen shekarata 1963, Charles Cobb, mai fafutuka na Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), ya ba da shawarar kungiyar ta dauki nauyin hanyar sadarwa na Makarantun 'Yanci, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar misalan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su a baya a wasu garuruwa. A lokacin bazara na shekarata 1963, hukumar ilimi ta gundumar Prince Edward County, Virginia ta rufe makarantun jama'a maimakon hada su bayan an gurfanar da su a shari'ar da ta biyo bayan ''Brown vs.'' ''Hukumar Ilimi'', don haka Makarantun 'Yanci suka bullo a madadinsu. A cikin Satumba, shekarar 1963, kimanin dalibai 3,000 ne suka halarci zanga-zangar Stay Out for [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|Freedom]] a [[Boston]], maimakon su halarci Makarantun 'Yanci na al'umma. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1963, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar 'Yanci, sama da dalibai 200,000 suka kaura cewa Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don nuna adawa da wariya da karancin yanayin makaranta, tare da wasu suna halartar Makarantun 'Yanci maimakon. Daga baya, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, shekarar 1964 a wata zanga-zangar ranar 'Yanci makamanciyar wannan, sama da dalibai 450,000 suka halarci kaura cewa makarantun jama'a na birnin New York a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girman zanga-zangar 'yancin dan adam na shekarata 1960s, kuma har zuwa dalibai 100,000 sun halarci madadin. Makarantun 'Yanci. == Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi == An habaka Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi a matsayin wani bangare na shekarata 1964 Freedom Summer yancin aikin, wani gagarumin kokari wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da ilmantar da daliban Mississippi don canjin zamantakewa. Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kasa (COFO) &#x2014; kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a na masu fafutuka da kudade da aka samo daga SNCC, CORE, NAACP, da SCLC &#x2014; a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, hadin gwiwar Freedom Summer. Ainihin aikin ya kasance yakin neman rajistar masu kada kuri’a a duk fadin jihar, kuma masu shirya zaben sun bukaci masu sa kai dubu daya su taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan aiki. Kuma Masu fafutuka sun yi shirin gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Demokradiyya mai kama da juna, saboda bakar fata masu jefa kuri'a cikin tsari ya haifar da wakilai masu farar fata zuwa Zaben shugaban kasa. Wadannan kokarce-kokarce sun kare a kirkirar Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party . Duka wakilan hukuma da Jam'iyyar Democratic Democratic Party ta Mississippi sun tafi taron a shekarata1964 na Democratic Democratic a Atlantic City, [[New Jersey]] . A cikin Disamba Shekarata 1963, a lokacin shirye-shiryen shirin bazara na 'Yanci mai zuwa, Charles Cobb ya ba da shawarar hanyar sadarwa ta "Makarantar 'Yanci" wacce za ta habaka shiga siyasa tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare na Mississippi, baya ga bayar da darussan ilimi da tattaunawa. Masu fafutuka da ke shirya aikin bazara na 'Yanci sun yarda da shawarar Cobb kuma a cikin Maris 1964 sun shirya taron tsara tsarin karatu a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a karkashin tallafin Majalisar Ikklisiya ta kasa . Farfesan tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman Staughton Lynd an nada shi Daraktan shirin Makarantar 'Yanci. A tsawon lokacin bazarar 'Yanci, an kafa Makarantun 'Yanci sama da 40 a cikin al'ummomin baki a duk fadin Mississippi. Manufar ita ce a yi kokarin kawo karshen kaura na siyasa na Amurkawa na Afirka ta hanyar karfafa dalibai su zama Yan kasa masu himma da shiga cikin al'umma a cikin al'umma. Sama da daliban Amurkawa 3,000 na Afirka sun halarci wadannan makarantu a lokacin rani na shekarata 1964. Dalibai sun kasance tun daga kanana yara zuwa manya masu matsakaicin shekaru 15. Malamai sun kasance masu aikin sa kai, yawancin su daliban koleji ne da kansu. <ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Freedom Schools] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> == Manufar siyasa da ilimi == An tsara Makarantun 'Yanci tare da manufofin siyasa da na ilimi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci za su ilimantar da daliban firamare da sakandare don zama wakilan canjin zamantakewa da za su shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a da ke gudana, galibi a kokarin rajistar masu zabe. Kuma An raba tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa sassa bakwai na asali wadanda suka yi nazarin yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin dangantakar kabilanci da kuma Kungiyar Hakkin Bil Adama. An karfafa habakar jagoranci, ban da karin kwarewar ilimi na gargajiya. Ilimin a Makarantun 'Yanci ya shafi dalibai ne kuma ya dace da al'ada. Sannan An gina manhajar karatu da koyarwa bisa bukatun daliban, an karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin dalibai da malamai (maimakon lacca) sannan masu tsara manhajoji sun karfafa wa malamai kwarin gwiwar yin koyarwa bisa kwarewar dalibansu. == Tsarin karatu == Bunkasa manhajar karatu ya ta’allaka ne da taron manhajar karatu, wanda ya kunshi malamai da daraktoci suna tattaunawa kan irin ilimin da za a koyar a makarantun ‘yanci. Dole ne malamai su rubuta jita-jita don tsara tsarin karatun su. An gaya musu su tuna yadda rayuwa take a Mississippi da dan gajeren lokacin da suke da shi don koyar da kayan. Dole ne tsarin karatun ya kasance mai son malamai kuma ya zama mai amfani ga dalibai nan da nan, tare da dogara kan tambayoyi da ayyuka. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tambayoyi da tattaunawa maimakon haddar gaskiya da kwanan wata. Kuma Umarnin ga malamai sun haɗa da: : Game da tsarin aji, tambaya shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Ba shi da ma'ana a cika daliban da bayanan da ba zai iya fahimta ba; tambaya ita ce hanyar wayewa. . . Darajar Makarantun 'Yanci za su samu ne daga abin da malamai ke iya ba wa dalibai ta fuskar fahimta da bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da taron manhajar ya tattaro Yan kasa na asali da asali daban-daban, kayyadaddun tsarin koyarwa na karshe ya kunshi abubuwa daga asali daban-daban kuma ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku. Bangarorin uku na manhajar Makarantun ‘Yanci su ne manhajar Ilimi, manhajar zama dan kasa, da Kuma manhajar nishadi. Manufar wadannan sassan shine don koya wa dalibai canjin zamantakewa a cikin makarantar; tarihin yanki; tarihin bakar fata; yadda ake amsa budaddiyar tambayoyi; da bunkasa fasahar ilimi. Manhajar Ilimi ta kunshi karatu, rubutu, da ayyukan baki wadanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da daliban ya samu. Tsarin karatun zama dan kasa shine don karfafa dalibai su yi tambayoyi game da al'umma. Tsarin Nishadi ya bukaci daliban ya kasance mai motsa jiki. A yawancin makarantu, Manhajar zama dan kasa ta mai da hankali kan nau'ikan tambayoyi biyu masu alaka don tattaunawar aji: : Me yasa muke (malamai da dalibai) a Makarantun 'Yanci? : Menene Kungiyar 'Yanci? : Wadanne hanyoyi ne kungiyar Freedom Movement ke ba mu? : Menene yawancin al'adun da muke so? : Menene yawancin al'adun da ba mu so? : Menene muke da shi da muke so mu kiyaye? == Shekara ta farko == An bude Makarantun 'Yanci a makon farko na Yuli shekarata 1964, bayan kusan malaman sa kai na Makarantar 'Yanci 250 sun halarci zaman horo na mako guda a Kwalejin Mata ta Yamma a Oxford, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . Shirye-shiryen na asali sun yi tsammanin Makarantun 'Yanci 25 da dalibai 1,000; a karshen bazara, an bude makarantu 41 ga dalibai sama da 2,500. An kafa Makarantun 'Yanci tare da taimako da jajircewar al'ummomin yankin, wadanda suka samar da gine-gine daban-daban na makarantu da gidaje ga malaman sa kai. Yayin da ake gudanar da wasu makarantun a wuraren shakatawa, dakunan girki, da gidajen zama, da kuma karkashin bishiyoyi, yawancin azuzuwan ana gudanar da su ne a cikin majami'u ko ginshiƙan coci. Halartar ta bambanta a duk lokacin bazara. Wasu makarantu sun sami daidaiton halarta, amma banda wannan. Saboda halartan taron bai zama tilas ba, daukar ma'aikata da kuma kula da zuwan kila shine kalubalen firamare da makarantun suka fuskanta. Kuma A Clarksdale, Mississippi, alal misali, matsakaicin yawan halartar dalibai a cikin makon farko ya kasance goma sha biyar, mako na biyu kuma takwas ne, amma a kowane lokaci a lokacin bazara, makarantar na iya samun halartar dalibai kusan talatin da biyar. Ba kasafai ba ne manya su rika zuwa aji akai-akai. An canza umarni bisa yanayin gida. A yankunan karkara da ake sa ran dalibai za su yi aiki a lokacin makaranta, yawanci ana yin karatu da daddare. A makarantun da ke kula da lokutan makaranta na al'ada, yawanci a cikin birane, ana ba da tsarin karatun zama dan kasa da kwasa-kwasan ilimi na gargajiya da safe kuma ana ba da azuzuwan na musamman kamar kida, wasan kwaikwayo, Kuma da buga rubutu da rana. A yawancin lokuta, za a kebe duk kwanakin makaranta don kokarin yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. Ya zama wajibi ga masu fafutuka na SNCC cewa za a saka hannun jari ga dalibai a ayyukan hakkin jama'a saboda ana sa ran wannan dalibai zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jihar don aiwatar da canjin zamantakewa. A ƙarshen lokacin Makarantar 'Yanci, masu fafutuka da dalibai sun shirya taron jagorancin dalibai a ranar 8 ga Agusta, shekarata 1964, ranar bayan jana'izar James Chaney, daya daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan Chaney, Goodman, da Schwerner . An gudanar da taron a Meridian, Mississippi, a tsohuwar Makarantar Baptist ta Meridian . An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "fadar da'irar Makarantar 'Yanci." Kowace Makarantar 'Yanci ta aika wakilai uku zuwa taron don samar da dandalin matasa don Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party. Wakilan daliban sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi ayyuka, makarantu, harkokin kasashen waje, da matsugunan jama'a tare da ba da shawarwari ga jam'iyyar jihar. A karshen taron, dalibai sun shirya wata sanarwa da ta bukaci samun masaukin jama'a, Kuma ka'idojin gine-gine na kowane gida, hadaddiyar makarantu, tsarin ayyukan jama'a, da kuma nada kwararrun baki zuwa mukaman jihohi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci da dalibai sun ci gaba da jajircewa kan manufar Makarantar 'Yanci. A farkon watan Agustan shekarata 1964, an shirya shirye-shiryen ci gaba da Makarantun 'Yanci a cikin shekarar makaranta mai zuwa, kuma wasu malaman sa kai sun riga sun amince su zauna. Dalibai sun yanke shawarar, duk da haka, yayin taron Makarantar 'Yanci a farkon watan Agusta don ba za su ci gaba da makarantun ba. Duk da haka dalibai sun aiwatar da jagoranci da gwagwarmayar da suka samu a lokacin bazara a makarantunsu. Wasu daliban sun koma makaranta kuma sun bukaci ingantattun kayan aiki da karin kwasa-kwasai. Dalibai a Philadelphia, Mississippi, sun dawo makaranta sanye da maballan "Mutum daya, Kuri'a daya" SNCC &#x2014; wanda aka kore su. == Makarantar Ranar Makarantar Freedom, Philadelphia == John E. Churchville ne ya kafa Laburaren 'Yanci na Philadelphia a shekarata 1964. A cikin Yan shekaru masu zuwa ya fara ba da azuzuwan yamma kuma daga karshe ya mai da dakin karatu zuwa makaranta. Bayan kafuwar wannan makaranta, ya shirya gajerun kasidu da aka buga a cikin littafin, ''What Black Educators Are Saying'', wanda [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/24/obituaries/nathan-wright-jr-black-power-advocate-dies-at-81.html Nathan Wright Jr. ya] shirya kuma aka buga a shekarata 1970. Wannan makala ta kunshi yawancin tunanin Churchville game da yanayin motsi na Black Power da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na koyarwa na sabuwar Makarantar 'Yanci. Ya raina ra'ayoyin duka kungiyoyin al'adu da masu ci gaban kasa a matsayin facade kuma ba hakora ba. A gare shi, Harkar kishin kasa ta juyin juya hali wacce ta yi kira ga cikakken juyin juya hali a nan da kuma ko'ina a doron kasa, ita ce mafi inganci da gaskiya ga ka'idojinta. Sun gano batutuwan cikin rukuni da na daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar bakar fata a Amurka kuma hanya daya tilo ta zama dan juyin juya hali da gaske ita ce ta sake haihuwa; wani iko na waje ya yi aiki wanda ya fara kawar da ku daga wadannan gazawar. Makarantun da kansu sun dogara ne akan tsari mai sauki na fifiko. Idan ilimi shine shigar matasa cikin tsarin akida, to dole ne Makarantar 'Yanci ta sake ilmantar da yaran bakaken fata su yi watsi da babbar akida tare da gina sabon tsari. Don yin wannan, kashi na farko na koyarwa da za a kafa dole ne ya zama sabuwar akidar makarantar. Bayan haka, Kuma dole ne a nemo malaman da za su iya dinke barakar da ke tsakanin asali da kuma ketare, kasancewar su darasi ne ga dalibansu na ciki da wajen aji. A karshe, an tsara tsarin karatun don bayyana ainihin halin da baƙar fata ke ciki da kuma koyar da kayan aiki da kwarewa don magance wannan gaskiyar. Tsarin karatun kamar yadda Churchville ya bayyana abin hawa ne kawai don koyar da gaskiyar juyin juya hali; abubuwan da ke ciki galibi basu da mahimmanci kamar yadda bincike ne wanda zai nuna gaskiyar. Hukumar FBI ta kai farmaki makarantar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarata 1966, bisa zargin tanada kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda. Bayan farmakin, Churchville ya daina fafutuka. == Gado == Za a iya ganin wani bangare na gadon Makarantar 'Yanci a cikin makarantun da ke rike da suna a yau: Akwesasne Freedom School a kan Mohawk Indian ajiyar ; Makarantun 'Yanci a St. Louis, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da [[Chicago]], Illinois, Tyree Scott Freedom School a Seattle, Washington, da Makarantar 'Yanci ta Paulo Freire a Tucson, Arizona. Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) yana gudanar da shirin Makarantar 'Yanci na zamani a duk fadin kasar. An hada wannan shirin ta hanyar bakar fata Al'umma na Crusade don Yara na Asusun Tsaro na Yara. Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF na kasa yana aiki sama da wuraren shirye-shiryen bazara 130 a cikin jihohi 24 a fadin kasar wadanda ke hidima ga yara kusan 12,000. A [[Michigan]] kungiyar Black Radical Congress a [[Detroit]] ta kaddamar da kamfen don kirkirar samfuri bisa ga Makarantun 'Yanci. Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia yunƙuyri ne na ilimin al'umma mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sigar zamani na tsarin karatun Mississippi tare da mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, Kuma aikin zamantakewa da jagoranci tsakanin tsararraki. Ana shirya Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2010-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419163246/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta hanyar hukumar jagora, Al'umma A Makarantu. <ref>http://www.cisphl.org</ref> Jami'ar 'Yanci [[Atlanta|ta Atlanta]], makarantar 'yanci ta zamani kuma makaranta ce kawai a cikin duniya inda duk dalibai ba su da takardar izinin shiga ba tare da izini ba, suna ba da kyauta na koyarwa, sannan tsarin karatun koleji na 'yanci wanda ke taimakawa matasa marasa izini su sami ilimi mafi girma. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ruleville, Mississippi * Gluckstadt, Mississippi * Carthage, Mississippi == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * William Sturkey da Jon N. Hale (eds. ), ''Don Rubuta cikin Hasken 'Yanci: Jaridu na Makarantun 'Yancin Mississippi na 1964.'' Jackson, MS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Mississippi, 2015. * Jon N. Hale, ''Makarantun 'Yanci: Masu fafutuka na dalibai a cikin Kungiyar Hakkin Bil'adama ta Mississippi'' . (New York: Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2016) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum] * [http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html/ Tarihin Makarantar 'Yanci ta Mississippi & Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203045010/http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 Darussa daga Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115163305/http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 |date=2017-01-15 }} ~ tallafin littafin karatu don nazarin Tsarin Makarantun 'Yanci na 1964 * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm Wurin Ilimi na Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091730/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm |date=2013-11-04 }} * [http://www.sfacs.us/ Sankofa Freedom Academy Charter School] * [http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html Bayani game da Bakin Al'umma Crusade ga Yara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030027/http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm Lokacin bazara da Makarantun 'Yanci] * [http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html Bayanin Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005845/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html |date=2008-04-22 }} * [http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Makarantun 'Yanci] ~ Taskar 'Yancin Jama'a * [http://chicagofreedomschool.org/ Makarantar 'Yanci ta Chicago] * [http://garyfreedomschool.org/ Makarantar Gary Freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002045/http://garyfreedomschool.org/ |date=2017-11-16 }} * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/sffreedomschool/ San Francisco Freedom School] * [http://www.sunflowerfreedom.org Aikin Yancin Yankin Sunflower] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] f061wdbhjtytj6dqu4dj7wycpea3qrh 974957 974955 2026-11-01T18:55:00Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 974957 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Soldiers pay a special visit to about 300 children at Baghdad Airport Prima DVIDS10081.jpg|thumb|Makarantu masu yanci]] '''Makarantun Ƴanci''' sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|Amurkawa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cd14d4z14rko.amp&ved=2ahUKEwimo6-D8PuGAxW2WUEAHbh3DvcQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1QAeK_7xQYPB0tC6Nq_6zr</nowiki></ref>[[Afirkawan Amurka|, Afirka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/babban-jamiin-jks-ya-gana-da-tawagar-alkalai-daga-afrika/&ved=2ahUKEwjjvbGn8PuGAxXCaEEAHcs0AfcQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw349FxgdP9OCoBKS7yHKXjM</nowiki></ref> galibi a [[Kudu]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://aminiya.ng/abin-da-ke-hana-yan-arewa-cin-gajiyar-siyasa-a-kudu/&ved=2ahUKEwjs6p3J8PuGAxWaU0EAHQK7DUcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw1On7_irExTQtO79H5gWzlx</nowiki></ref>. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara [[Amurkawa]] na [[Afirka]] don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, [[siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1599283-ba-ku-tsoron-allah-malamin-musulunci-ya-kunyata-yan-siyasa-a-zaman-makokin-tsohon-gwamna/&ved=2ahUKEwi91-jk8PuGAxWyQ0EAHTUEAkYQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw1jK4heoBF9wUxoWu5qqZ36</nowiki></ref> da [[tattalin arziki]] a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964). == Tarihi == Duk da hukuncin Kotun Koli na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da huɗu (1954) a cikin ''Brown v.'' Shari'ar ''Hukumar Ilimi'' ta lalata tsarin makarantun kebe, a tsakiyar shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da sittin daidai 1960s Mississippi har yanzu tana kiyaye tsarin makarantar farare da "launi mara daidaituwa. A matsakaita, jihar ta kashe $81.66 don ilimantar da dalibi farar fata idan aka kwatanta da $21.77 kawai ga dalibi bakar fata. Mississippi ta kasance daya daga cikin jihohi biyu kacal a cikin kungiyar da ba su da dokar ilimi ta tilas kuma yara da yawa a yankunan karkara an tura su aiki a fagen kuma basu sami karancin ilimi kwata-kwataba. Hatta manhajar karatu ta banbanta na fari da baki. A matsayin misali na yau da kullun, hukumar makarantar farar fata ta Bolivar County ta ba da umarnin cewa "Ba za a koyar da harsunan waje ko al'ada a makarantun Negro ba. Kuma ba za a koyar da tarihin Amurka daga shekarata dubu daya da dari takwas da sottin 1860 zuwa shekarar dubu daya da dari takwas da saba'in 1875 ba." A karshen shekarata 1963, Charles Cobb, mai fafutuka na Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), ya ba da shawarar kungiyar ta dauki nauyin hanyar sadarwa na Makarantun 'Yanci, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar misalan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su a baya a wasu garuruwa. A lokacin bazara na shekarata 1963, hukumar ilimi ta gundumar Prince Edward County, Virginia ta rufe makarantun jama'a maimakon hada su bayan an gurfanar da su a shari'ar da ta biyo bayan ''Brown vs.'' ''Hukumar Ilimi'', don haka Makarantun 'Yanci suka bullo a madadinsu. A cikin Satumba, shekarar 1963, kimanin dalibai 3,000 ne suka halarci zanga-zangar Stay Out for [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|Freedom]] a [[Boston]], maimakon su halarci Makarantun 'Yanci na al'umma. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1963, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar 'Yanci, sama da dalibai 200,000 suka kaura cewa Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don nuna adawa da wariya da karancin yanayin makaranta, tare da wasu suna halartar Makarantun 'Yanci maimakon. Daga baya, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, shekarar 1964 a wata zanga-zangar ranar 'Yanci makamanciyar wannan, sama da dalibai 450,000 suka halarci kaura cewa makarantun jama'a na birnin New York a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girman zanga-zangar 'yancin dan adam na shekarata 1960s, kuma har zuwa dalibai 100,000 sun halarci madadin. Makarantun 'Yanci. == Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi == An habaka Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi a matsayin wani bangare na shekarata 1964 Freedom Summer yancin aikin, wani gagarumin kokari wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da ilmantar da daliban Mississippi don canjin zamantakewa. Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kasa (COFO) &#x2014; kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a na masu fafutuka da kudade da aka samo daga SNCC, CORE, NAACP, da SCLC &#x2014; a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, hadin gwiwar Freedom Summer. Ainihin aikin ya kasance yakin neman rajistar masu kada kuri’a a duk fadin jihar, kuma masu shirya zaben sun bukaci masu sa kai dubu daya su taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan aiki. Kuma Masu fafutuka sun yi shirin gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Demokradiyya mai kama da juna, saboda bakar fata masu jefa kuri'a cikin tsari ya haifar da wakilai masu farar fata zuwa Zaben shugaban kasa. Wadannan kokarce-kokarce sun kare a kirkirar Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party . Duka wakilan hukuma da Jam'iyyar Democratic Democratic Party ta Mississippi sun tafi taron a shekarata1964 na Democratic Democratic a Atlantic City, [[New Jersey]] . A cikin Disamba Shekarata 1963, a lokacin shirye-shiryen shirin bazara na 'Yanci mai zuwa, Charles Cobb ya ba da shawarar hanyar sadarwa ta "Makarantar 'Yanci" wacce za ta habaka shiga siyasa tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare na Mississippi, baya ga bayar da darussan ilimi da tattaunawa. Masu fafutuka da ke shirya aikin bazara na 'Yanci sun yarda da shawarar Cobb kuma a cikin Maris 1964 sun shirya taron tsara tsarin karatu a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a karkashin tallafin Majalisar Ikklisiya ta kasa . Farfesan tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman Staughton Lynd an nada shi Daraktan shirin Makarantar 'Yanci. A tsawon lokacin bazarar 'Yanci, an kafa Makarantun 'Yanci sama da 40 a cikin al'ummomin baki a duk fadin Mississippi. Manufar ita ce a yi kokarin kawo karshen kaura na siyasa na Amurkawa na Afirka ta hanyar karfafa dalibai su zama Yan kasa masu himma da shiga cikin al'umma a cikin al'umma. Sama da daliban Amurkawa 3,000 na Afirka sun halarci wadannan makarantu a lokacin rani na shekarata 1964. Dalibai sun kasance tun daga kanana yara zuwa manya masu matsakaicin shekaru 15. Malamai sun kasance masu aikin sa kai, yawancin su daliban koleji ne da kansu. <ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Freedom Schools] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> == Manufar siyasa da ilimi == An tsara Makarantun 'Yanci tare da manufofin siyasa da na ilimi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci za su ilimantar da daliban firamare da sakandare don zama wakilan canjin zamantakewa da za su shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a da ke gudana, galibi a kokarin rajistar masu zabe. Kuma An raba tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa sassa bakwai na asali wadanda suka yi nazarin yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin dangantakar kabilanci da kuma Kungiyar Hakkin Bil Adama. An karfafa habakar jagoranci, ban da karin kwarewar ilimi na gargajiya. Ilimin a Makarantun 'Yanci ya shafi dalibai ne kuma ya dace da al'ada. Sannan An gina manhajar karatu da koyarwa bisa bukatun daliban, an karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin dalibai da malamai (maimakon lacca) sannan masu tsara manhajoji sun karfafa wa malamai kwarin gwiwar yin koyarwa bisa kwarewar dalibansu. == Tsarin karatu == Bunkasa manhajar karatu ya ta’allaka ne da taron manhajar karatu, wanda ya kunshi malamai da daraktoci suna tattaunawa kan irin ilimin da za a koyar a makarantun ‘yanci. Dole ne malamai su rubuta jita-jita don tsara tsarin karatun su. An gaya musu su tuna yadda rayuwa take a Mississippi da dan gajeren lokacin da suke da shi don koyar da kayan. Dole ne tsarin karatun ya kasance mai son malamai kuma ya zama mai amfani ga dalibai nan da nan, tare da dogara kan tambayoyi da ayyuka. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tambayoyi da tattaunawa maimakon haddar gaskiya da kwanan wata. Kuma Umarnin ga malamai sun haɗa da: : Game da tsarin aji, tambaya shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Ba shi da ma'ana a cika daliban da bayanan da ba zai iya fahimta ba; tambaya ita ce hanyar wayewa. . . Darajar Makarantun 'Yanci za su samu ne daga abin da malamai ke iya ba wa dalibai ta fuskar fahimta da bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da taron manhajar ya tattaro Yan kasa na asali da asali daban-daban, kayyadaddun tsarin koyarwa na karshe ya kunshi abubuwa daga asali daban-daban kuma ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku. Bangarorin uku na manhajar Makarantun ‘Yanci su ne manhajar Ilimi, manhajar zama dan kasa, da Kuma manhajar nishadi. Manufar wadannan sassan shine don koya wa dalibai canjin zamantakewa a cikin makarantar; tarihin yanki; tarihin bakar fata; yadda ake amsa budaddiyar tambayoyi; da bunkasa fasahar ilimi. Manhajar Ilimi ta kunshi karatu, rubutu, da ayyukan baki wadanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da daliban ya samu. Tsarin karatun zama dan kasa shine don karfafa dalibai su yi tambayoyi game da al'umma. Tsarin Nishadi ya bukaci daliban ya kasance mai motsa jiki. A yawancin makarantu, Manhajar zama dan kasa ta mai da hankali kan nau'ikan tambayoyi biyu masu alaka don tattaunawar aji: : Me yasa muke (malamai da dalibai) a Makarantun 'Yanci? : Menene Kungiyar 'Yanci? : Wadanne hanyoyi ne kungiyar Freedom Movement ke ba mu? : Menene yawancin al'adun da muke so? : Menene yawancin al'adun da ba mu so? : Menene muke da shi da muke so mu kiyaye? == Shekara ta farko == An bude Makarantun 'Yanci a makon farko na Yuli shekarata 1964, bayan kusan malaman sa kai na Makarantar 'Yanci 250 sun halarci zaman horo na mako guda a Kwalejin Mata ta Yamma a Oxford, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . Shirye-shiryen na asali sun yi tsammanin Makarantun 'Yanci 25 da dalibai 1,000; a karshen bazara, an bude makarantu 41 ga dalibai sama da 2,500. An kafa Makarantun 'Yanci tare da taimako da jajircewar al'ummomin yankin, wadanda suka samar da gine-gine daban-daban na makarantu da gidaje ga malaman sa kai. Yayin da ake gudanar da wasu makarantun a wuraren shakatawa, dakunan girki, da gidajen zama, da kuma karkashin bishiyoyi, yawancin azuzuwan ana gudanar da su ne a cikin majami'u ko ginshiƙan coci. Halartar ta bambanta a duk lokacin bazara. Wasu makarantu sun sami daidaiton halarta, amma banda wannan. Saboda halartan taron bai zama tilas ba, daukar ma'aikata da kuma kula da zuwan kila shine kalubalen firamare da makarantun suka fuskanta. Kuma A Clarksdale, Mississippi, alal misali, matsakaicin yawan halartar dalibai a cikin makon farko ya kasance goma sha biyar, mako na biyu kuma takwas ne, amma a kowane lokaci a lokacin bazara, makarantar na iya samun halartar dalibai kusan talatin da biyar. Ba kasafai ba ne manya su rika zuwa aji akai-akai. An canza umarni bisa yanayin gida. A yankunan karkara da ake sa ran dalibai za su yi aiki a lokacin makaranta, yawanci ana yin karatu da daddare. A makarantun da ke kula da lokutan makaranta na al'ada, yawanci a cikin birane, ana ba da tsarin karatun zama dan kasa da kwasa-kwasan ilimi na gargajiya da safe kuma ana ba da azuzuwan na musamman kamar kida, wasan kwaikwayo, Kuma da buga rubutu da rana. A yawancin lokuta, za a kebe duk kwanakin makaranta don kokarin yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. Ya zama wajibi ga masu fafutuka na SNCC cewa za a saka hannun jari ga dalibai a ayyukan hakkin jama'a saboda ana sa ran wannan dalibai zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jihar don aiwatar da canjin zamantakewa. A ƙarshen lokacin Makarantar 'Yanci, masu fafutuka da dalibai sun shirya taron jagorancin dalibai a ranar 8 ga Agusta, shekarata 1964, ranar bayan jana'izar James Chaney, daya daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan Chaney, Goodman, da Schwerner . An gudanar da taron a Meridian, Mississippi, a tsohuwar Makarantar Baptist ta Meridian . An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "fadar da'irar Makarantar 'Yanci." Kowace Makarantar 'Yanci ta aika wakilai uku zuwa taron don samar da dandalin matasa don Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party. Wakilan daliban sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi ayyuka, makarantu, harkokin kasashen waje, da matsugunan jama'a tare da ba da shawarwari ga jam'iyyar jihar. A karshen taron, dalibai sun shirya wata sanarwa da ta bukaci samun masaukin jama'a, Kuma ka'idojin gine-gine na kowane gida, hadaddiyar makarantu, tsarin ayyukan jama'a, da kuma nada kwararrun baki zuwa mukaman jihohi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci da dalibai sun ci gaba da jajircewa kan manufar Makarantar 'Yanci. A farkon watan Agustan shekarata 1964, an shirya shirye-shiryen ci gaba da Makarantun 'Yanci a cikin shekarar makaranta mai zuwa, kuma wasu malaman sa kai sun riga sun amince su zauna. Dalibai sun yanke shawarar, duk da haka, yayin taron Makarantar 'Yanci a farkon watan Agusta don ba za su ci gaba da makarantun ba. Duk da haka dalibai sun aiwatar da jagoranci da gwagwarmayar da suka samu a lokacin bazara a makarantunsu. Wasu daliban sun koma makaranta kuma sun bukaci ingantattun kayan aiki da karin kwasa-kwasai. Dalibai a Philadelphia, Mississippi, sun dawo makaranta sanye da maballan "Mutum daya, Kuri'a daya" SNCC &#x2014; wanda aka kore su. == Makarantar Ranar Makarantar Freedom, Philadelphia == John E. Churchville ne ya kafa Laburaren 'Yanci na Philadelphia a shekarata 1964. A cikin Yan shekaru masu zuwa ya fara ba da azuzuwan yamma kuma daga karshe ya mai da dakin karatu zuwa makaranta. Bayan kafuwar wannan makaranta, ya shirya gajerun kasidu da aka buga a cikin littafin, ''What Black Educators Are Saying'', wanda [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/24/obituaries/nathan-wright-jr-black-power-advocate-dies-at-81.html Nathan Wright Jr. ya] shirya kuma aka buga a shekarata 1970. Wannan makala ta kunshi yawancin tunanin Churchville game da yanayin motsi na Black Power da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na koyarwa na sabuwar Makarantar 'Yanci. Ya raina ra'ayoyin duka kungiyoyin al'adu da masu ci gaban kasa a matsayin facade kuma ba hakora ba. A gare shi, Harkar kishin kasa ta juyin juya hali wacce ta yi kira ga cikakken juyin juya hali a nan da kuma ko'ina a doron kasa, ita ce mafi inganci da gaskiya ga ka'idojinta. Sun gano batutuwan cikin rukuni da na daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar bakar fata a Amurka kuma hanya daya tilo ta zama dan juyin juya hali da gaske ita ce ta sake haihuwa; wani iko na waje ya yi aiki wanda ya fara kawar da ku daga wadannan gazawar. Makarantun da kansu sun dogara ne akan tsari mai sauki na fifiko. Idan ilimi shine shigar matasa cikin tsarin akida, to dole ne Makarantar 'Yanci ta sake ilmantar da yaran bakaken fata su yi watsi da babbar akida tare da gina sabon tsari. Don yin wannan, kashi na farko na koyarwa da za a kafa dole ne ya zama sabuwar akidar makarantar. Bayan haka, Kuma dole ne a nemo malaman da za su iya dinke barakar da ke tsakanin asali da kuma ketare, kasancewar su darasi ne ga dalibansu na ciki da wajen aji. A karshe, an tsara tsarin karatun don bayyana ainihin halin da baƙar fata ke ciki da kuma koyar da kayan aiki da kwarewa don magance wannan gaskiyar. Tsarin karatun kamar yadda Churchville ya bayyana abin hawa ne kawai don koyar da gaskiyar juyin juya hali; abubuwan da ke ciki galibi basu da mahimmanci kamar yadda bincike ne wanda zai nuna gaskiyar. Hukumar FBI ta kai farmaki makarantar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarata 1966, bisa zargin tanada kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda. Bayan farmakin, Churchville ya daina fafutuka. == Gado == Za a iya ganin wani bangare na gadon Makarantar 'Yanci a cikin makarantun da ke rike da suna a yau: Akwesasne Freedom School a kan Mohawk Indian ajiyar ; Makarantun 'Yanci a St. Louis, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da [[Chicago]], Illinois, Tyree Scott Freedom School a Seattle, Washington, da Makarantar 'Yanci ta Paulo Freire a Tucson, Arizona. Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) yana gudanar da shirin Makarantar 'Yanci na zamani a duk fadin kasar. An hada wannan shirin ta hanyar bakar fata Al'umma na Crusade don Yara na Asusun Tsaro na Yara. Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF na kasa yana aiki sama da wuraren shirye-shiryen bazara 130 a cikin jihohi 24 a fadin kasar wadanda ke hidima ga yara kusan 12,000. A [[Michigan]] kungiyar Black Radical Congress a [[Detroit]] ta kaddamar da kamfen don kirkirar samfuri bisa ga Makarantun 'Yanci. Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia yunƙuyri ne na ilimin al'umma mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sigar zamani na tsarin karatun Mississippi tare da mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, Kuma aikin zamantakewa da jagoranci tsakanin tsararraki. Ana shirya Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2010-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419163246/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta hanyar hukumar jagora, Al'umma A Makarantu. <ref>http://www.cisphl.org</ref> Jami'ar 'Yanci [[Atlanta|ta Atlanta]], makarantar 'yanci ta zamani kuma makaranta ce kawai a cikin duniya inda duk dalibai ba su da takardar izinin shiga ba tare da izini ba, suna ba da kyauta na koyarwa, sannan tsarin karatun koleji na 'yanci wanda ke taimakawa matasa marasa izini su sami ilimi mafi girma. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ruleville, Mississippi * Gluckstadt, Mississippi * Carthage, Mississippi == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * William Sturkey da Jon N. Hale (eds. ), ''Don Rubuta cikin Hasken 'Yanci: Jaridu na Makarantun 'Yancin Mississippi na 1964.'' Jackson, MS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Mississippi, 2015. * Jon N. Hale, ''Makarantun 'Yanci: Masu fafutuka na dalibai a cikin Kungiyar Hakkin Bil'adama ta Mississippi'' . (New York: Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2016) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum] * [http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html/ Tarihin Makarantar 'Yanci ta Mississippi & Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203045010/http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 Darussa daga Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115163305/http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 |date=2017-01-15 }} ~ tallafin littafin karatu don nazarin Tsarin Makarantun 'Yanci na 1964 * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm Wurin Ilimi na Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091730/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm |date=2013-11-04 }} * [http://www.sfacs.us/ Sankofa Freedom Academy Charter School] * [http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html Bayani game da Bakin Al'umma Crusade ga Yara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030027/http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm Lokacin bazara da Makarantun 'Yanci] * [http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html Bayanin Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005845/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html |date=2008-04-22 }} * [http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Makarantun 'Yanci] ~ Taskar 'Yancin Jama'a * [http://chicagofreedomschool.org/ Makarantar 'Yanci ta Chicago] * [http://garyfreedomschool.org/ Makarantar Gary Freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002045/http://garyfreedomschool.org/ |date=2017-11-16 }} * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/sffreedomschool/ San Francisco Freedom School] * [http://www.sunflowerfreedom.org Aikin Yancin Yankin Sunflower] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] i9idxvo70itgyafy3lxwuuaon6abd23 974958 974957 2026-11-01T18:55:31Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 974958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Soldiers pay a special visit to about 300 children at Baghdad Airport Prima DVIDS10081.jpg|thumb|Makarantu masu yanci]] '''Makarantun Ƴanci''' sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|Amurkawa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cd14d4z14rko.amp&ved=2ahUKEwimo6-D8PuGAxW2WUEAHbh3DvcQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1QAeK_7xQYPB0tC6Nq_6zr</nowiki></ref>[[Afirkawan Amurka|, Afirka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/babban-jamiin-jks-ya-gana-da-tawagar-alkalai-daga-afrika/&ved=2ahUKEwjjvbGn8PuGAxXCaEEAHcs0AfcQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw349FxgdP9OCoBKS7yHKXjM</nowiki></ref> galibi a [[Kudu]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://aminiya.ng/abin-da-ke-hana-yan-arewa-cin-gajiyar-siyasa-a-kudu/&ved=2ahUKEwjs6p3J8PuGAxWaU0EAHQK7DUcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw1On7_irExTQtO79H5gWzlx</nowiki></ref>. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara [[Amurkawa]] na [[Afirka]] don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, [[siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1599283-ba-ku-tsoron-allah-malamin-musulunci-ya-kunyata-yan-siyasa-a-zaman-makokin-tsohon-gwamna/&ved=2ahUKEwi91-jk8PuGAxWyQ0EAHTUEAkYQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw1jK4heoBF9wUxoWu5qqZ36</nowiki></ref> da [[tattalin arziki]] a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964). == Tarihi == Duk da hukuncin Kotun Koli na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da huɗu (1954) a cikin ''Brown v.'' Shari'ar ''Hukumar Ilimi'' ta lalata tsarin makarantun kebe, a tsakiyar shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da sittin daidai 1960s Mississippi har yanzu tana kiyaye tsarin makarantar farare da "launi mara daidaituwa. A matsakaita, jihar ta kashe $81.66 don ilimantar da dalibi farar fata idan aka kwatanta da $21.77 kawai ga dalibi bakar fata. Mississippi ta kasance daya daga cikin jihohi biyu kacal a cikin kungiyar da ba su da dokar ilimi ta tilas kuma yara da yawa a yankunan karkara an tura su aiki a fagen kuma basu sami karancin ilimi kwata-kwataba. Hatta manhajar karatu ta banbanta na fari da baki. A matsayin misali na yau da kullun, hukumar makarantar farar fata ta Bolivar County ta ba da umarnin cewa "Ba za a koyar da harsunan waje ko al'ada a makarantun Negro ba. Kuma ba za a koyar da tarihin Amurka daga shekarata dubu daya da dari takwas da sottin 1860 zuwa shekarar dubu daya da dari takwas da saba'in da biyar 1875 ba." A karshen shekarata 1963, Charles Cobb, mai fafutuka na Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), ya ba da shawarar kungiyar ta dauki nauyin hanyar sadarwa na Makarantun 'Yanci, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar misalan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su a baya a wasu garuruwa. A lokacin bazara na shekarata 1963, hukumar ilimi ta gundumar Prince Edward County, Virginia ta rufe makarantun jama'a maimakon hada su bayan an gurfanar da su a shari'ar da ta biyo bayan ''Brown vs.'' ''Hukumar Ilimi'', don haka Makarantun 'Yanci suka bullo a madadinsu. A cikin Satumba, shekarar 1963, kimanin dalibai 3,000 ne suka halarci zanga-zangar Stay Out for [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|Freedom]] a [[Boston]], maimakon su halarci Makarantun 'Yanci na al'umma. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1963, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar 'Yanci, sama da dalibai 200,000 suka kaura cewa Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don nuna adawa da wariya da karancin yanayin makaranta, tare da wasu suna halartar Makarantun 'Yanci maimakon. Daga baya, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, shekarar 1964 a wata zanga-zangar ranar 'Yanci makamanciyar wannan, sama da dalibai 450,000 suka halarci kaura cewa makarantun jama'a na birnin New York a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girman zanga-zangar 'yancin dan adam na shekarata 1960s, kuma har zuwa dalibai 100,000 sun halarci madadin. Makarantun 'Yanci. == Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi == An habaka Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi a matsayin wani bangare na shekarata 1964 Freedom Summer yancin aikin, wani gagarumin kokari wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da ilmantar da daliban Mississippi don canjin zamantakewa. Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kasa (COFO) &#x2014; kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a na masu fafutuka da kudade da aka samo daga SNCC, CORE, NAACP, da SCLC &#x2014; a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, hadin gwiwar Freedom Summer. Ainihin aikin ya kasance yakin neman rajistar masu kada kuri’a a duk fadin jihar, kuma masu shirya zaben sun bukaci masu sa kai dubu daya su taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan aiki. Kuma Masu fafutuka sun yi shirin gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Demokradiyya mai kama da juna, saboda bakar fata masu jefa kuri'a cikin tsari ya haifar da wakilai masu farar fata zuwa Zaben shugaban kasa. Wadannan kokarce-kokarce sun kare a kirkirar Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party . Duka wakilan hukuma da Jam'iyyar Democratic Democratic Party ta Mississippi sun tafi taron a shekarata1964 na Democratic Democratic a Atlantic City, [[New Jersey]] . A cikin Disamba Shekarata 1963, a lokacin shirye-shiryen shirin bazara na 'Yanci mai zuwa, Charles Cobb ya ba da shawarar hanyar sadarwa ta "Makarantar 'Yanci" wacce za ta habaka shiga siyasa tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare na Mississippi, baya ga bayar da darussan ilimi da tattaunawa. Masu fafutuka da ke shirya aikin bazara na 'Yanci sun yarda da shawarar Cobb kuma a cikin Maris 1964 sun shirya taron tsara tsarin karatu a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a karkashin tallafin Majalisar Ikklisiya ta kasa . Farfesan tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman Staughton Lynd an nada shi Daraktan shirin Makarantar 'Yanci. A tsawon lokacin bazarar 'Yanci, an kafa Makarantun 'Yanci sama da 40 a cikin al'ummomin baki a duk fadin Mississippi. Manufar ita ce a yi kokarin kawo karshen kaura na siyasa na Amurkawa na Afirka ta hanyar karfafa dalibai su zama Yan kasa masu himma da shiga cikin al'umma a cikin al'umma. Sama da daliban Amurkawa 3,000 na Afirka sun halarci wadannan makarantu a lokacin rani na shekarata 1964. Dalibai sun kasance tun daga kanana yara zuwa manya masu matsakaicin shekaru 15. Malamai sun kasance masu aikin sa kai, yawancin su daliban koleji ne da kansu. <ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Freedom Schools] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> == Manufar siyasa da ilimi == An tsara Makarantun 'Yanci tare da manufofin siyasa da na ilimi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci za su ilimantar da daliban firamare da sakandare don zama wakilan canjin zamantakewa da za su shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a da ke gudana, galibi a kokarin rajistar masu zabe. Kuma An raba tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa sassa bakwai na asali wadanda suka yi nazarin yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin dangantakar kabilanci da kuma Kungiyar Hakkin Bil Adama. An karfafa habakar jagoranci, ban da karin kwarewar ilimi na gargajiya. Ilimin a Makarantun 'Yanci ya shafi dalibai ne kuma ya dace da al'ada. Sannan An gina manhajar karatu da koyarwa bisa bukatun daliban, an karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin dalibai da malamai (maimakon lacca) sannan masu tsara manhajoji sun karfafa wa malamai kwarin gwiwar yin koyarwa bisa kwarewar dalibansu. == Tsarin karatu == Bunkasa manhajar karatu ya ta’allaka ne da taron manhajar karatu, wanda ya kunshi malamai da daraktoci suna tattaunawa kan irin ilimin da za a koyar a makarantun ‘yanci. Dole ne malamai su rubuta jita-jita don tsara tsarin karatun su. An gaya musu su tuna yadda rayuwa take a Mississippi da dan gajeren lokacin da suke da shi don koyar da kayan. Dole ne tsarin karatun ya kasance mai son malamai kuma ya zama mai amfani ga dalibai nan da nan, tare da dogara kan tambayoyi da ayyuka. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tambayoyi da tattaunawa maimakon haddar gaskiya da kwanan wata. Kuma Umarnin ga malamai sun haɗa da: : Game da tsarin aji, tambaya shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Ba shi da ma'ana a cika daliban da bayanan da ba zai iya fahimta ba; tambaya ita ce hanyar wayewa. . . Darajar Makarantun 'Yanci za su samu ne daga abin da malamai ke iya ba wa dalibai ta fuskar fahimta da bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da taron manhajar ya tattaro Yan kasa na asali da asali daban-daban, kayyadaddun tsarin koyarwa na karshe ya kunshi abubuwa daga asali daban-daban kuma ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku. Bangarorin uku na manhajar Makarantun ‘Yanci su ne manhajar Ilimi, manhajar zama dan kasa, da Kuma manhajar nishadi. Manufar wadannan sassan shine don koya wa dalibai canjin zamantakewa a cikin makarantar; tarihin yanki; tarihin bakar fata; yadda ake amsa budaddiyar tambayoyi; da bunkasa fasahar ilimi. Manhajar Ilimi ta kunshi karatu, rubutu, da ayyukan baki wadanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da daliban ya samu. Tsarin karatun zama dan kasa shine don karfafa dalibai su yi tambayoyi game da al'umma. Tsarin Nishadi ya bukaci daliban ya kasance mai motsa jiki. A yawancin makarantu, Manhajar zama dan kasa ta mai da hankali kan nau'ikan tambayoyi biyu masu alaka don tattaunawar aji: : Me yasa muke (malamai da dalibai) a Makarantun 'Yanci? : Menene Kungiyar 'Yanci? : Wadanne hanyoyi ne kungiyar Freedom Movement ke ba mu? : Menene yawancin al'adun da muke so? : Menene yawancin al'adun da ba mu so? : Menene muke da shi da muke so mu kiyaye? == Shekara ta farko == An bude Makarantun 'Yanci a makon farko na Yuli shekarata 1964, bayan kusan malaman sa kai na Makarantar 'Yanci 250 sun halarci zaman horo na mako guda a Kwalejin Mata ta Yamma a Oxford, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . Shirye-shiryen na asali sun yi tsammanin Makarantun 'Yanci 25 da dalibai 1,000; a karshen bazara, an bude makarantu 41 ga dalibai sama da 2,500. An kafa Makarantun 'Yanci tare da taimako da jajircewar al'ummomin yankin, wadanda suka samar da gine-gine daban-daban na makarantu da gidaje ga malaman sa kai. Yayin da ake gudanar da wasu makarantun a wuraren shakatawa, dakunan girki, da gidajen zama, da kuma karkashin bishiyoyi, yawancin azuzuwan ana gudanar da su ne a cikin majami'u ko ginshiƙan coci. Halartar ta bambanta a duk lokacin bazara. Wasu makarantu sun sami daidaiton halarta, amma banda wannan. Saboda halartan taron bai zama tilas ba, daukar ma'aikata da kuma kula da zuwan kila shine kalubalen firamare da makarantun suka fuskanta. Kuma A Clarksdale, Mississippi, alal misali, matsakaicin yawan halartar dalibai a cikin makon farko ya kasance goma sha biyar, mako na biyu kuma takwas ne, amma a kowane lokaci a lokacin bazara, makarantar na iya samun halartar dalibai kusan talatin da biyar. Ba kasafai ba ne manya su rika zuwa aji akai-akai. An canza umarni bisa yanayin gida. A yankunan karkara da ake sa ran dalibai za su yi aiki a lokacin makaranta, yawanci ana yin karatu da daddare. A makarantun da ke kula da lokutan makaranta na al'ada, yawanci a cikin birane, ana ba da tsarin karatun zama dan kasa da kwasa-kwasan ilimi na gargajiya da safe kuma ana ba da azuzuwan na musamman kamar kida, wasan kwaikwayo, Kuma da buga rubutu da rana. A yawancin lokuta, za a kebe duk kwanakin makaranta don kokarin yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. Ya zama wajibi ga masu fafutuka na SNCC cewa za a saka hannun jari ga dalibai a ayyukan hakkin jama'a saboda ana sa ran wannan dalibai zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jihar don aiwatar da canjin zamantakewa. A ƙarshen lokacin Makarantar 'Yanci, masu fafutuka da dalibai sun shirya taron jagorancin dalibai a ranar 8 ga Agusta, shekarata 1964, ranar bayan jana'izar James Chaney, daya daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan Chaney, Goodman, da Schwerner . An gudanar da taron a Meridian, Mississippi, a tsohuwar Makarantar Baptist ta Meridian . An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "fadar da'irar Makarantar 'Yanci." Kowace Makarantar 'Yanci ta aika wakilai uku zuwa taron don samar da dandalin matasa don Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party. Wakilan daliban sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi ayyuka, makarantu, harkokin kasashen waje, da matsugunan jama'a tare da ba da shawarwari ga jam'iyyar jihar. A karshen taron, dalibai sun shirya wata sanarwa da ta bukaci samun masaukin jama'a, Kuma ka'idojin gine-gine na kowane gida, hadaddiyar makarantu, tsarin ayyukan jama'a, da kuma nada kwararrun baki zuwa mukaman jihohi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci da dalibai sun ci gaba da jajircewa kan manufar Makarantar 'Yanci. A farkon watan Agustan shekarata 1964, an shirya shirye-shiryen ci gaba da Makarantun 'Yanci a cikin shekarar makaranta mai zuwa, kuma wasu malaman sa kai sun riga sun amince su zauna. Dalibai sun yanke shawarar, duk da haka, yayin taron Makarantar 'Yanci a farkon watan Agusta don ba za su ci gaba da makarantun ba. Duk da haka dalibai sun aiwatar da jagoranci da gwagwarmayar da suka samu a lokacin bazara a makarantunsu. Wasu daliban sun koma makaranta kuma sun bukaci ingantattun kayan aiki da karin kwasa-kwasai. Dalibai a Philadelphia, Mississippi, sun dawo makaranta sanye da maballan "Mutum daya, Kuri'a daya" SNCC &#x2014; wanda aka kore su. == Makarantar Ranar Makarantar Freedom, Philadelphia == John E. Churchville ne ya kafa Laburaren 'Yanci na Philadelphia a shekarata 1964. A cikin Yan shekaru masu zuwa ya fara ba da azuzuwan yamma kuma daga karshe ya mai da dakin karatu zuwa makaranta. Bayan kafuwar wannan makaranta, ya shirya gajerun kasidu da aka buga a cikin littafin, ''What Black Educators Are Saying'', wanda [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/24/obituaries/nathan-wright-jr-black-power-advocate-dies-at-81.html Nathan Wright Jr. ya] shirya kuma aka buga a shekarata 1970. Wannan makala ta kunshi yawancin tunanin Churchville game da yanayin motsi na Black Power da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na koyarwa na sabuwar Makarantar 'Yanci. Ya raina ra'ayoyin duka kungiyoyin al'adu da masu ci gaban kasa a matsayin facade kuma ba hakora ba. A gare shi, Harkar kishin kasa ta juyin juya hali wacce ta yi kira ga cikakken juyin juya hali a nan da kuma ko'ina a doron kasa, ita ce mafi inganci da gaskiya ga ka'idojinta. Sun gano batutuwan cikin rukuni da na daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar bakar fata a Amurka kuma hanya daya tilo ta zama dan juyin juya hali da gaske ita ce ta sake haihuwa; wani iko na waje ya yi aiki wanda ya fara kawar da ku daga wadannan gazawar. Makarantun da kansu sun dogara ne akan tsari mai sauki na fifiko. Idan ilimi shine shigar matasa cikin tsarin akida, to dole ne Makarantar 'Yanci ta sake ilmantar da yaran bakaken fata su yi watsi da babbar akida tare da gina sabon tsari. Don yin wannan, kashi na farko na koyarwa da za a kafa dole ne ya zama sabuwar akidar makarantar. Bayan haka, Kuma dole ne a nemo malaman da za su iya dinke barakar da ke tsakanin asali da kuma ketare, kasancewar su darasi ne ga dalibansu na ciki da wajen aji. A karshe, an tsara tsarin karatun don bayyana ainihin halin da baƙar fata ke ciki da kuma koyar da kayan aiki da kwarewa don magance wannan gaskiyar. Tsarin karatun kamar yadda Churchville ya bayyana abin hawa ne kawai don koyar da gaskiyar juyin juya hali; abubuwan da ke ciki galibi basu da mahimmanci kamar yadda bincike ne wanda zai nuna gaskiyar. Hukumar FBI ta kai farmaki makarantar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarata 1966, bisa zargin tanada kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda. Bayan farmakin, Churchville ya daina fafutuka. == Gado == Za a iya ganin wani bangare na gadon Makarantar 'Yanci a cikin makarantun da ke rike da suna a yau: Akwesasne Freedom School a kan Mohawk Indian ajiyar ; Makarantun 'Yanci a St. Louis, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da [[Chicago]], Illinois, Tyree Scott Freedom School a Seattle, Washington, da Makarantar 'Yanci ta Paulo Freire a Tucson, Arizona. Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) yana gudanar da shirin Makarantar 'Yanci na zamani a duk fadin kasar. An hada wannan shirin ta hanyar bakar fata Al'umma na Crusade don Yara na Asusun Tsaro na Yara. Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF na kasa yana aiki sama da wuraren shirye-shiryen bazara 130 a cikin jihohi 24 a fadin kasar wadanda ke hidima ga yara kusan 12,000. A [[Michigan]] kungiyar Black Radical Congress a [[Detroit]] ta kaddamar da kamfen don kirkirar samfuri bisa ga Makarantun 'Yanci. Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia yunƙuyri ne na ilimin al'umma mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sigar zamani na tsarin karatun Mississippi tare da mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, Kuma aikin zamantakewa da jagoranci tsakanin tsararraki. Ana shirya Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2010-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419163246/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta hanyar hukumar jagora, Al'umma A Makarantu. <ref>http://www.cisphl.org</ref> Jami'ar 'Yanci [[Atlanta|ta Atlanta]], makarantar 'yanci ta zamani kuma makaranta ce kawai a cikin duniya inda duk dalibai ba su da takardar izinin shiga ba tare da izini ba, suna ba da kyauta na koyarwa, sannan tsarin karatun koleji na 'yanci wanda ke taimakawa matasa marasa izini su sami ilimi mafi girma. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ruleville, Mississippi * Gluckstadt, Mississippi * Carthage, Mississippi == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * William Sturkey da Jon N. Hale (eds. ), ''Don Rubuta cikin Hasken 'Yanci: Jaridu na Makarantun 'Yancin Mississippi na 1964.'' Jackson, MS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Mississippi, 2015. * Jon N. Hale, ''Makarantun 'Yanci: Masu fafutuka na dalibai a cikin Kungiyar Hakkin Bil'adama ta Mississippi'' . (New York: Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2016) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum] * [http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html/ Tarihin Makarantar 'Yanci ta Mississippi & Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203045010/http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 Darussa daga Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115163305/http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 |date=2017-01-15 }} ~ tallafin littafin karatu don nazarin Tsarin Makarantun 'Yanci na 1964 * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm Wurin Ilimi na Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091730/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm |date=2013-11-04 }} * [http://www.sfacs.us/ Sankofa Freedom Academy Charter School] * [http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html Bayani game da Bakin Al'umma Crusade ga Yara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030027/http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm Lokacin bazara da Makarantun 'Yanci] * [http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html Bayanin Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005845/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html |date=2008-04-22 }} * [http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Makarantun 'Yanci] ~ Taskar 'Yancin Jama'a * [http://chicagofreedomschool.org/ Makarantar 'Yanci ta Chicago] * [http://garyfreedomschool.org/ Makarantar Gary Freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002045/http://garyfreedomschool.org/ |date=2017-11-16 }} * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/sffreedomschool/ San Francisco Freedom School] * [http://www.sunflowerfreedom.org Aikin Yancin Yankin Sunflower] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7qwbg3ti4397azepyxedwlvmrboq98o 974963 974958 2026-11-01T18:59:17Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 974963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Soldiers pay a special visit to about 300 children at Baghdad Airport Prima DVIDS10081.jpg|thumb|Makarantu masu yanci]] '''Makarantun Ƴanci''' sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|Amurkawa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cd14d4z14rko.amp&ved=2ahUKEwimo6-D8PuGAxW2WUEAHbh3DvcQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1QAeK_7xQYPB0tC6Nq_6zr</nowiki></ref>[[Afirkawan Amurka|, Afirka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/babban-jamiin-jks-ya-gana-da-tawagar-alkalai-daga-afrika/&ved=2ahUKEwjjvbGn8PuGAxXCaEEAHcs0AfcQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw349FxgdP9OCoBKS7yHKXjM</nowiki></ref> galibi a [[Kudu]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://aminiya.ng/abin-da-ke-hana-yan-arewa-cin-gajiyar-siyasa-a-kudu/&ved=2ahUKEwjs6p3J8PuGAxWaU0EAHQK7DUcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw1On7_irExTQtO79H5gWzlx</nowiki></ref>. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara [[Amurkawa]] na [[Afirka]] don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, [[siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1599283-ba-ku-tsoron-allah-malamin-musulunci-ya-kunyata-yan-siyasa-a-zaman-makokin-tsohon-gwamna/&ved=2ahUKEwi91-jk8PuGAxWyQ0EAHTUEAkYQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw1jK4heoBF9wUxoWu5qqZ36</nowiki></ref> da [[tattalin arziki]] a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964). == Tarihi == Duk da hukuncin Kotun Koli na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da huɗu (1954) a cikin ''Brown v.'' Shari'ar ''Hukumar Ilimi'' ta lalata tsarin makarantun kebe, a tsakiyar shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da sittin daidai 1960s Mississippi har yanzu tana kiyaye tsarin makarantar farare da "launi mara daidaituwa. A matsakaita, jihar ta kashe $81.66 don ilimantar da dalibi farar fata idan aka kwatanta da $21.77 kawai ga dalibi bakar fata. Mississippi ta kasance daya daga cikin jihohi biyu kacal a cikin kungiyar da ba su da dokar ilimi ta tilas kuma yara da yawa a yankunan karkara an tura su aiki a fagen kuma basu sami karancin ilimi kwata-kwataba. Hatta manhajar karatu ta banbanta na fari da baki. A matsayin misali na yau da kullun, hukumar makarantar farar fata ta Bolivar County ta ba da umarnin cewa "Ba za a koyar da harsunan waje ko al'ada a makarantun Negro ba. Kuma ba za a koyar da tarihin Amurka daga shekarata dubu daya da dari takwas da sottin 1860 zuwa shekarar dubu daya da dari takwas da saba'in da biyar 1875 ba." A karshen shekarata dubu daya 1963, Charles Cobb, mai fafutuka na Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), ya ba da shawarar kungiyar ta dauki nauyin hanyar sadarwa na Makarantun 'Yanci, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar misalan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su a baya a wasu garuruwa. A lokacin bazara na shekarata 1963, hukumar ilimi ta gundumar Prince Edward County, Virginia ta rufe makarantun jama'a maimakon hada su bayan an gurfanar da su a shari'ar da ta biyo bayan ''Brown vs.'' ''Hukumar Ilimi'', don haka Makarantun 'Yanci suka bullo a madadinsu. A cikin Satumba, shekarar 1963, kimanin dalibai 3,000 ne suka halarci zanga-zangar Stay Out for [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|Freedom]] a [[Boston]], maimakon su halarci Makarantun 'Yanci na al'umma. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1963, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar 'Yanci, sama da dalibai 200,000 suka kaura cewa Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don nuna adawa da wariya da karancin yanayin makaranta, tare da wasu suna halartar Makarantun 'Yanci maimakon. Daga baya, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, shekarar 1964 a wata zanga-zangar ranar 'Yanci makamanciyar wannan, sama da dalibai 450,000 suka halarci kaura cewa makarantun jama'a na birnin New York a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girman zanga-zangar 'yancin dan adam na shekarata 1960s, kuma har zuwa dalibai 100,000 sun halarci madadin. Makarantun 'Yanci. == Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi == An habaka Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi a matsayin wani bangare na shekarata 1964 Freedom Summer yancin aikin, wani gagarumin kokari wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da ilmantar da daliban Mississippi don canjin zamantakewa. Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kasa (COFO) &#x2014; kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a na masu fafutuka da kudade da aka samo daga SNCC, CORE, NAACP, da SCLC &#x2014; a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, hadin gwiwar Freedom Summer. Ainihin aikin ya kasance yakin neman rajistar masu kada kuri’a a duk fadin jihar, kuma masu shirya zaben sun bukaci masu sa kai dubu daya su taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan aiki. Kuma Masu fafutuka sun yi shirin gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Demokradiyya mai kama da juna, saboda bakar fata masu jefa kuri'a cikin tsari ya haifar da wakilai masu farar fata zuwa Zaben shugaban kasa. Wadannan kokarce-kokarce sun kare a kirkirar Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party . Duka wakilan hukuma da Jam'iyyar Democratic Democratic Party ta Mississippi sun tafi taron a shekarata1964 na Democratic Democratic a Atlantic City, [[New Jersey]] . A cikin Disamba Shekarata 1963, a lokacin shirye-shiryen shirin bazara na 'Yanci mai zuwa, Charles Cobb ya ba da shawarar hanyar sadarwa ta "Makarantar 'Yanci" wacce za ta habaka shiga siyasa tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare na Mississippi, baya ga bayar da darussan ilimi da tattaunawa. Masu fafutuka da ke shirya aikin bazara na 'Yanci sun yarda da shawarar Cobb kuma a cikin Maris 1964 sun shirya taron tsara tsarin karatu a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a karkashin tallafin Majalisar Ikklisiya ta kasa . Farfesan tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman Staughton Lynd an nada shi Daraktan shirin Makarantar 'Yanci. A tsawon lokacin bazarar 'Yanci, an kafa Makarantun 'Yanci sama da 40 a cikin al'ummomin baki a duk fadin Mississippi. Manufar ita ce a yi kokarin kawo karshen kaura na siyasa na Amurkawa na Afirka ta hanyar karfafa dalibai su zama Yan kasa masu himma da shiga cikin al'umma a cikin al'umma. Sama da daliban Amurkawa 3,000 na Afirka sun halarci wadannan makarantu a lokacin rani na shekarata 1964. Dalibai sun kasance tun daga kanana yara zuwa manya masu matsakaicin shekaru 15. Malamai sun kasance masu aikin sa kai, yawancin su daliban koleji ne da kansu. <ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Freedom Schools] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> == Manufar siyasa da ilimi == An tsara Makarantun 'Yanci tare da manufofin siyasa da na ilimi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci za su ilimantar da daliban firamare da sakandare don zama wakilan canjin zamantakewa da za su shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a da ke gudana, galibi a kokarin rajistar masu zabe. Kuma An raba tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa sassa bakwai na asali wadanda suka yi nazarin yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin dangantakar kabilanci da kuma Kungiyar Hakkin Bil Adama. An karfafa habakar jagoranci, ban da karin kwarewar ilimi na gargajiya. Ilimin a Makarantun 'Yanci ya shafi dalibai ne kuma ya dace da al'ada. Sannan An gina manhajar karatu da koyarwa bisa bukatun daliban, an karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin dalibai da malamai (maimakon lacca) sannan masu tsara manhajoji sun karfafa wa malamai kwarin gwiwar yin koyarwa bisa kwarewar dalibansu. == Tsarin karatu == Bunkasa manhajar karatu ya ta’allaka ne da taron manhajar karatu, wanda ya kunshi malamai da daraktoci suna tattaunawa kan irin ilimin da za a koyar a makarantun ‘yanci. Dole ne malamai su rubuta jita-jita don tsara tsarin karatun su. An gaya musu su tuna yadda rayuwa take a Mississippi da dan gajeren lokacin da suke da shi don koyar da kayan. Dole ne tsarin karatun ya kasance mai son malamai kuma ya zama mai amfani ga dalibai nan da nan, tare da dogara kan tambayoyi da ayyuka. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tambayoyi da tattaunawa maimakon haddar gaskiya da kwanan wata. Kuma Umarnin ga malamai sun haɗa da: : Game da tsarin aji, tambaya shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Ba shi da ma'ana a cika daliban da bayanan da ba zai iya fahimta ba; tambaya ita ce hanyar wayewa. . . Darajar Makarantun 'Yanci za su samu ne daga abin da malamai ke iya ba wa dalibai ta fuskar fahimta da bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da taron manhajar ya tattaro Yan kasa na asali da asali daban-daban, kayyadaddun tsarin koyarwa na karshe ya kunshi abubuwa daga asali daban-daban kuma ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku. Bangarorin uku na manhajar Makarantun ‘Yanci su ne manhajar Ilimi, manhajar zama dan kasa, da Kuma manhajar nishadi. Manufar wadannan sassan shine don koya wa dalibai canjin zamantakewa a cikin makarantar; tarihin yanki; tarihin bakar fata; yadda ake amsa budaddiyar tambayoyi; da bunkasa fasahar ilimi. Manhajar Ilimi ta kunshi karatu, rubutu, da ayyukan baki wadanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da daliban ya samu. Tsarin karatun zama dan kasa shine don karfafa dalibai su yi tambayoyi game da al'umma. Tsarin Nishadi ya bukaci daliban ya kasance mai motsa jiki. A yawancin makarantu, Manhajar zama dan kasa ta mai da hankali kan nau'ikan tambayoyi biyu masu alaka don tattaunawar aji: : Me yasa muke (malamai da dalibai) a Makarantun 'Yanci? : Menene Kungiyar 'Yanci? : Wadanne hanyoyi ne kungiyar Freedom Movement ke ba mu? : Menene yawancin al'adun da muke so? : Menene yawancin al'adun da ba mu so? : Menene muke da shi da muke so mu kiyaye? == Shekara ta farko == An bude Makarantun 'Yanci a makon farko na Yuli shekarata 1964, bayan kusan malaman sa kai na Makarantar 'Yanci 250 sun halarci zaman horo na mako guda a Kwalejin Mata ta Yamma a Oxford, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . Shirye-shiryen na asali sun yi tsammanin Makarantun 'Yanci 25 da dalibai 1,000; a karshen bazara, an bude makarantu 41 ga dalibai sama da 2,500. An kafa Makarantun 'Yanci tare da taimako da jajircewar al'ummomin yankin, wadanda suka samar da gine-gine daban-daban na makarantu da gidaje ga malaman sa kai. Yayin da ake gudanar da wasu makarantun a wuraren shakatawa, dakunan girki, da gidajen zama, da kuma karkashin bishiyoyi, yawancin azuzuwan ana gudanar da su ne a cikin majami'u ko ginshiƙan coci. Halartar ta bambanta a duk lokacin bazara. Wasu makarantu sun sami daidaiton halarta, amma banda wannan. Saboda halartan taron bai zama tilas ba, daukar ma'aikata da kuma kula da zuwan kila shine kalubalen firamare da makarantun suka fuskanta. Kuma A Clarksdale, Mississippi, alal misali, matsakaicin yawan halartar dalibai a cikin makon farko ya kasance goma sha biyar, mako na biyu kuma takwas ne, amma a kowane lokaci a lokacin bazara, makarantar na iya samun halartar dalibai kusan talatin da biyar. Ba kasafai ba ne manya su rika zuwa aji akai-akai. An canza umarni bisa yanayin gida. A yankunan karkara da ake sa ran dalibai za su yi aiki a lokacin makaranta, yawanci ana yin karatu da daddare. A makarantun da ke kula da lokutan makaranta na al'ada, yawanci a cikin birane, ana ba da tsarin karatun zama dan kasa da kwasa-kwasan ilimi na gargajiya da safe kuma ana ba da azuzuwan na musamman kamar kida, wasan kwaikwayo, Kuma da buga rubutu da rana. A yawancin lokuta, za a kebe duk kwanakin makaranta don kokarin yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. Ya zama wajibi ga masu fafutuka na SNCC cewa za a saka hannun jari ga dalibai a ayyukan hakkin jama'a saboda ana sa ran wannan dalibai zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jihar don aiwatar da canjin zamantakewa. A ƙarshen lokacin Makarantar 'Yanci, masu fafutuka da dalibai sun shirya taron jagorancin dalibai a ranar 8 ga Agusta, shekarata 1964, ranar bayan jana'izar James Chaney, daya daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan Chaney, Goodman, da Schwerner . An gudanar da taron a Meridian, Mississippi, a tsohuwar Makarantar Baptist ta Meridian . An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "fadar da'irar Makarantar 'Yanci." Kowace Makarantar 'Yanci ta aika wakilai uku zuwa taron don samar da dandalin matasa don Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party. Wakilan daliban sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi ayyuka, makarantu, harkokin kasashen waje, da matsugunan jama'a tare da ba da shawarwari ga jam'iyyar jihar. A karshen taron, dalibai sun shirya wata sanarwa da ta bukaci samun masaukin jama'a, Kuma ka'idojin gine-gine na kowane gida, hadaddiyar makarantu, tsarin ayyukan jama'a, da kuma nada kwararrun baki zuwa mukaman jihohi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci da dalibai sun ci gaba da jajircewa kan manufar Makarantar 'Yanci. A farkon watan Agustan shekarata 1964, an shirya shirye-shiryen ci gaba da Makarantun 'Yanci a cikin shekarar makaranta mai zuwa, kuma wasu malaman sa kai sun riga sun amince su zauna. Dalibai sun yanke shawarar, duk da haka, yayin taron Makarantar 'Yanci a farkon watan Agusta don ba za su ci gaba da makarantun ba. Duk da haka dalibai sun aiwatar da jagoranci da gwagwarmayar da suka samu a lokacin bazara a makarantunsu. Wasu daliban sun koma makaranta kuma sun bukaci ingantattun kayan aiki da karin kwasa-kwasai. Dalibai a Philadelphia, Mississippi, sun dawo makaranta sanye da maballan "Mutum daya, Kuri'a daya" SNCC &#x2014; wanda aka kore su. == Makarantar Ranar Makarantar Freedom, Philadelphia == John E. Churchville ne ya kafa Laburaren 'Yanci na Philadelphia a shekarata 1964. A cikin Yan shekaru masu zuwa ya fara ba da azuzuwan yamma kuma daga karshe ya mai da dakin karatu zuwa makaranta. Bayan kafuwar wannan makaranta, ya shirya gajerun kasidu da aka buga a cikin littafin, ''What Black Educators Are Saying'', wanda [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/24/obituaries/nathan-wright-jr-black-power-advocate-dies-at-81.html Nathan Wright Jr. ya] shirya kuma aka buga a shekarata 1970. Wannan makala ta kunshi yawancin tunanin Churchville game da yanayin motsi na Black Power da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na koyarwa na sabuwar Makarantar 'Yanci. Ya raina ra'ayoyin duka kungiyoyin al'adu da masu ci gaban kasa a matsayin facade kuma ba hakora ba. A gare shi, Harkar kishin kasa ta juyin juya hali wacce ta yi kira ga cikakken juyin juya hali a nan da kuma ko'ina a doron kasa, ita ce mafi inganci da gaskiya ga ka'idojinta. Sun gano batutuwan cikin rukuni da na daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar bakar fata a Amurka kuma hanya daya tilo ta zama dan juyin juya hali da gaske ita ce ta sake haihuwa; wani iko na waje ya yi aiki wanda ya fara kawar da ku daga wadannan gazawar. Makarantun da kansu sun dogara ne akan tsari mai sauki na fifiko. Idan ilimi shine shigar matasa cikin tsarin akida, to dole ne Makarantar 'Yanci ta sake ilmantar da yaran bakaken fata su yi watsi da babbar akida tare da gina sabon tsari. Don yin wannan, kashi na farko na koyarwa da za a kafa dole ne ya zama sabuwar akidar makarantar. Bayan haka, Kuma dole ne a nemo malaman da za su iya dinke barakar da ke tsakanin asali da kuma ketare, kasancewar su darasi ne ga dalibansu na ciki da wajen aji. A karshe, an tsara tsarin karatun don bayyana ainihin halin da baƙar fata ke ciki da kuma koyar da kayan aiki da kwarewa don magance wannan gaskiyar. Tsarin karatun kamar yadda Churchville ya bayyana abin hawa ne kawai don koyar da gaskiyar juyin juya hali; abubuwan da ke ciki galibi basu da mahimmanci kamar yadda bincike ne wanda zai nuna gaskiyar. Hukumar FBI ta kai farmaki makarantar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarata 1966, bisa zargin tanada kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda. Bayan farmakin, Churchville ya daina fafutuka. == Gado == Za a iya ganin wani bangare na gadon Makarantar 'Yanci a cikin makarantun da ke rike da suna a yau: Akwesasne Freedom School a kan Mohawk Indian ajiyar ; Makarantun 'Yanci a St. Louis, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da [[Chicago]], Illinois, Tyree Scott Freedom School a Seattle, Washington, da Makarantar 'Yanci ta Paulo Freire a Tucson, Arizona. Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) yana gudanar da shirin Makarantar 'Yanci na zamani a duk fadin kasar. An hada wannan shirin ta hanyar bakar fata Al'umma na Crusade don Yara na Asusun Tsaro na Yara. Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF na kasa yana aiki sama da wuraren shirye-shiryen bazara 130 a cikin jihohi 24 a fadin kasar wadanda ke hidima ga yara kusan 12,000. A [[Michigan]] kungiyar Black Radical Congress a [[Detroit]] ta kaddamar da kamfen don kirkirar samfuri bisa ga Makarantun 'Yanci. Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia yunƙuyri ne na ilimin al'umma mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sigar zamani na tsarin karatun Mississippi tare da mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, Kuma aikin zamantakewa da jagoranci tsakanin tsararraki. Ana shirya Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2010-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419163246/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta hanyar hukumar jagora, Al'umma A Makarantu. <ref>http://www.cisphl.org</ref> Jami'ar 'Yanci [[Atlanta|ta Atlanta]], makarantar 'yanci ta zamani kuma makaranta ce kawai a cikin duniya inda duk dalibai ba su da takardar izinin shiga ba tare da izini ba, suna ba da kyauta na koyarwa, sannan tsarin karatun koleji na 'yanci wanda ke taimakawa matasa marasa izini su sami ilimi mafi girma. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ruleville, Mississippi * Gluckstadt, Mississippi * Carthage, Mississippi == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * William Sturkey da Jon N. Hale (eds. ), ''Don Rubuta cikin Hasken 'Yanci: Jaridu na Makarantun 'Yancin Mississippi na 1964.'' Jackson, MS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Mississippi, 2015. * Jon N. Hale, ''Makarantun 'Yanci: Masu fafutuka na dalibai a cikin Kungiyar Hakkin Bil'adama ta Mississippi'' . (New York: Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2016) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum] * [http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html/ Tarihin Makarantar 'Yanci ta Mississippi & Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203045010/http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 Darussa daga Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115163305/http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 |date=2017-01-15 }} ~ tallafin littafin karatu don nazarin Tsarin Makarantun 'Yanci na 1964 * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm Wurin Ilimi na Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091730/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm |date=2013-11-04 }} * [http://www.sfacs.us/ Sankofa Freedom Academy Charter School] * [http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html Bayani game da Bakin Al'umma Crusade ga Yara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030027/http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm Lokacin bazara da Makarantun 'Yanci] * [http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html Bayanin Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005845/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html |date=2008-04-22 }} * [http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Makarantun 'Yanci] ~ Taskar 'Yancin Jama'a * [http://chicagofreedomschool.org/ Makarantar 'Yanci ta Chicago] * [http://garyfreedomschool.org/ Makarantar Gary Freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002045/http://garyfreedomschool.org/ |date=2017-11-16 }} * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/sffreedomschool/ San Francisco Freedom School] * [http://www.sunflowerfreedom.org Aikin Yancin Yankin Sunflower] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qfbtlwzxe5vgg0bnrdtusjq5odwsvmc 974964 974963 2026-11-01T19:00:07Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 974964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Soldiers pay a special visit to about 300 children at Baghdad Airport Prima DVIDS10081.jpg|thumb|Makarantu masu yanci]] '''Makarantun Ƴanci''' sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|Amurkawa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cd14d4z14rko.amp&ved=2ahUKEwimo6-D8PuGAxW2WUEAHbh3DvcQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1QAeK_7xQYPB0tC6Nq_6zr</nowiki></ref>[[Afirkawan Amurka|, Afirka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/babban-jamiin-jks-ya-gana-da-tawagar-alkalai-daga-afrika/&ved=2ahUKEwjjvbGn8PuGAxXCaEEAHcs0AfcQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw349FxgdP9OCoBKS7yHKXjM</nowiki></ref> galibi a [[Kudu]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://aminiya.ng/abin-da-ke-hana-yan-arewa-cin-gajiyar-siyasa-a-kudu/&ved=2ahUKEwjs6p3J8PuGAxWaU0EAHQK7DUcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw1On7_irExTQtO79H5gWzlx</nowiki></ref>. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara [[Amurkawa]] na [[Afirka]] don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, [[siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1599283-ba-ku-tsoron-allah-malamin-musulunci-ya-kunyata-yan-siyasa-a-zaman-makokin-tsohon-gwamna/&ved=2ahUKEwi91-jk8PuGAxWyQ0EAHTUEAkYQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw1jK4heoBF9wUxoWu5qqZ36</nowiki></ref> da [[tattalin arziki]] a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964). == Tarihi == Duk da hukuncin Kotun Koli na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da huɗu (1954) a cikin ''Brown v.'' Shari'ar ''Hukumar Ilimi'' ta lalata tsarin makarantun kebe, a tsakiyar shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da sittin daidai 1960s Mississippi har yanzu tana kiyaye tsarin makarantar farare da "launi mara daidaituwa. A matsakaita, jihar ta kashe $81.66 don ilimantar da dalibi farar fata idan aka kwatanta da $21.77 kawai ga dalibi bakar fata. Mississippi ta kasance daya daga cikin jihohi biyu kacal a cikin kungiyar da ba su da dokar ilimi ta tilas kuma yara da yawa a yankunan karkara an tura su aiki a fagen kuma basu sami karancin ilimi kwata-kwataba. Hatta manhajar karatu ta banbanta na fari da baki. A matsayin misali na yau da kullun, hukumar makarantar farar fata ta Bolivar County ta ba da umarnin cewa "Ba za a koyar da harsunan waje ko al'ada a makarantun Negro ba. Kuma ba za a koyar da tarihin Amurka daga shekarata dubu daya da dari takwas da sottin 1860 zuwa shekarar dubu daya da dari takwas da saba'in da biyar 1875 ba." A karshen shekarata dubu daya da dari 1963, Charles Cobb, mai fafutuka na Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), ya ba da shawarar kungiyar ta dauki nauyin hanyar sadarwa na Makarantun 'Yanci, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar misalan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su a baya a wasu garuruwa. A lokacin bazara na shekarata 1963, hukumar ilimi ta gundumar Prince Edward County, Virginia ta rufe makarantun jama'a maimakon hada su bayan an gurfanar da su a shari'ar da ta biyo bayan ''Brown vs.'' ''Hukumar Ilimi'', don haka Makarantun 'Yanci suka bullo a madadinsu. A cikin Satumba, shekarar 1963, kimanin dalibai 3,000 ne suka halarci zanga-zangar Stay Out for [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|Freedom]] a [[Boston]], maimakon su halarci Makarantun 'Yanci na al'umma. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1963, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar 'Yanci, sama da dalibai 200,000 suka kaura cewa Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don nuna adawa da wariya da karancin yanayin makaranta, tare da wasu suna halartar Makarantun 'Yanci maimakon. Daga baya, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, shekarar 1964 a wata zanga-zangar ranar 'Yanci makamanciyar wannan, sama da dalibai 450,000 suka halarci kaura cewa makarantun jama'a na birnin New York a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girman zanga-zangar 'yancin dan adam na shekarata 1960s, kuma har zuwa dalibai 100,000 sun halarci madadin. Makarantun 'Yanci. == Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi == An habaka Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi a matsayin wani bangare na shekarata 1964 Freedom Summer yancin aikin, wani gagarumin kokari wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da ilmantar da daliban Mississippi don canjin zamantakewa. Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kasa (COFO) &#x2014; kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a na masu fafutuka da kudade da aka samo daga SNCC, CORE, NAACP, da SCLC &#x2014; a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, hadin gwiwar Freedom Summer. Ainihin aikin ya kasance yakin neman rajistar masu kada kuri’a a duk fadin jihar, kuma masu shirya zaben sun bukaci masu sa kai dubu daya su taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan aiki. Kuma Masu fafutuka sun yi shirin gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Demokradiyya mai kama da juna, saboda bakar fata masu jefa kuri'a cikin tsari ya haifar da wakilai masu farar fata zuwa Zaben shugaban kasa. Wadannan kokarce-kokarce sun kare a kirkirar Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party . Duka wakilan hukuma da Jam'iyyar Democratic Democratic Party ta Mississippi sun tafi taron a shekarata1964 na Democratic Democratic a Atlantic City, [[New Jersey]] . A cikin Disamba Shekarata 1963, a lokacin shirye-shiryen shirin bazara na 'Yanci mai zuwa, Charles Cobb ya ba da shawarar hanyar sadarwa ta "Makarantar 'Yanci" wacce za ta habaka shiga siyasa tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare na Mississippi, baya ga bayar da darussan ilimi da tattaunawa. Masu fafutuka da ke shirya aikin bazara na 'Yanci sun yarda da shawarar Cobb kuma a cikin Maris 1964 sun shirya taron tsara tsarin karatu a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a karkashin tallafin Majalisar Ikklisiya ta kasa . Farfesan tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman Staughton Lynd an nada shi Daraktan shirin Makarantar 'Yanci. A tsawon lokacin bazarar 'Yanci, an kafa Makarantun 'Yanci sama da 40 a cikin al'ummomin baki a duk fadin Mississippi. Manufar ita ce a yi kokarin kawo karshen kaura na siyasa na Amurkawa na Afirka ta hanyar karfafa dalibai su zama Yan kasa masu himma da shiga cikin al'umma a cikin al'umma. Sama da daliban Amurkawa 3,000 na Afirka sun halarci wadannan makarantu a lokacin rani na shekarata 1964. Dalibai sun kasance tun daga kanana yara zuwa manya masu matsakaicin shekaru 15. Malamai sun kasance masu aikin sa kai, yawancin su daliban koleji ne da kansu. <ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Freedom Schools] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> == Manufar siyasa da ilimi == An tsara Makarantun 'Yanci tare da manufofin siyasa da na ilimi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci za su ilimantar da daliban firamare da sakandare don zama wakilan canjin zamantakewa da za su shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a da ke gudana, galibi a kokarin rajistar masu zabe. Kuma An raba tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa sassa bakwai na asali wadanda suka yi nazarin yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin dangantakar kabilanci da kuma Kungiyar Hakkin Bil Adama. An karfafa habakar jagoranci, ban da karin kwarewar ilimi na gargajiya. Ilimin a Makarantun 'Yanci ya shafi dalibai ne kuma ya dace da al'ada. Sannan An gina manhajar karatu da koyarwa bisa bukatun daliban, an karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin dalibai da malamai (maimakon lacca) sannan masu tsara manhajoji sun karfafa wa malamai kwarin gwiwar yin koyarwa bisa kwarewar dalibansu. == Tsarin karatu == Bunkasa manhajar karatu ya ta’allaka ne da taron manhajar karatu, wanda ya kunshi malamai da daraktoci suna tattaunawa kan irin ilimin da za a koyar a makarantun ‘yanci. Dole ne malamai su rubuta jita-jita don tsara tsarin karatun su. An gaya musu su tuna yadda rayuwa take a Mississippi da dan gajeren lokacin da suke da shi don koyar da kayan. Dole ne tsarin karatun ya kasance mai son malamai kuma ya zama mai amfani ga dalibai nan da nan, tare da dogara kan tambayoyi da ayyuka. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tambayoyi da tattaunawa maimakon haddar gaskiya da kwanan wata. Kuma Umarnin ga malamai sun haɗa da: : Game da tsarin aji, tambaya shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Ba shi da ma'ana a cika daliban da bayanan da ba zai iya fahimta ba; tambaya ita ce hanyar wayewa. . . Darajar Makarantun 'Yanci za su samu ne daga abin da malamai ke iya ba wa dalibai ta fuskar fahimta da bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da taron manhajar ya tattaro Yan kasa na asali da asali daban-daban, kayyadaddun tsarin koyarwa na karshe ya kunshi abubuwa daga asali daban-daban kuma ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku. Bangarorin uku na manhajar Makarantun ‘Yanci su ne manhajar Ilimi, manhajar zama dan kasa, da Kuma manhajar nishadi. Manufar wadannan sassan shine don koya wa dalibai canjin zamantakewa a cikin makarantar; tarihin yanki; tarihin bakar fata; yadda ake amsa budaddiyar tambayoyi; da bunkasa fasahar ilimi. Manhajar Ilimi ta kunshi karatu, rubutu, da ayyukan baki wadanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da daliban ya samu. Tsarin karatun zama dan kasa shine don karfafa dalibai su yi tambayoyi game da al'umma. Tsarin Nishadi ya bukaci daliban ya kasance mai motsa jiki. A yawancin makarantu, Manhajar zama dan kasa ta mai da hankali kan nau'ikan tambayoyi biyu masu alaka don tattaunawar aji: : Me yasa muke (malamai da dalibai) a Makarantun 'Yanci? : Menene Kungiyar 'Yanci? : Wadanne hanyoyi ne kungiyar Freedom Movement ke ba mu? : Menene yawancin al'adun da muke so? : Menene yawancin al'adun da ba mu so? : Menene muke da shi da muke so mu kiyaye? == Shekara ta farko == An bude Makarantun 'Yanci a makon farko na Yuli shekarata 1964, bayan kusan malaman sa kai na Makarantar 'Yanci 250 sun halarci zaman horo na mako guda a Kwalejin Mata ta Yamma a Oxford, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . Shirye-shiryen na asali sun yi tsammanin Makarantun 'Yanci 25 da dalibai 1,000; a karshen bazara, an bude makarantu 41 ga dalibai sama da 2,500. An kafa Makarantun 'Yanci tare da taimako da jajircewar al'ummomin yankin, wadanda suka samar da gine-gine daban-daban na makarantu da gidaje ga malaman sa kai. Yayin da ake gudanar da wasu makarantun a wuraren shakatawa, dakunan girki, da gidajen zama, da kuma karkashin bishiyoyi, yawancin azuzuwan ana gudanar da su ne a cikin majami'u ko ginshiƙan coci. Halartar ta bambanta a duk lokacin bazara. Wasu makarantu sun sami daidaiton halarta, amma banda wannan. Saboda halartan taron bai zama tilas ba, daukar ma'aikata da kuma kula da zuwan kila shine kalubalen firamare da makarantun suka fuskanta. Kuma A Clarksdale, Mississippi, alal misali, matsakaicin yawan halartar dalibai a cikin makon farko ya kasance goma sha biyar, mako na biyu kuma takwas ne, amma a kowane lokaci a lokacin bazara, makarantar na iya samun halartar dalibai kusan talatin da biyar. Ba kasafai ba ne manya su rika zuwa aji akai-akai. An canza umarni bisa yanayin gida. A yankunan karkara da ake sa ran dalibai za su yi aiki a lokacin makaranta, yawanci ana yin karatu da daddare. A makarantun da ke kula da lokutan makaranta na al'ada, yawanci a cikin birane, ana ba da tsarin karatun zama dan kasa da kwasa-kwasan ilimi na gargajiya da safe kuma ana ba da azuzuwan na musamman kamar kida, wasan kwaikwayo, Kuma da buga rubutu da rana. A yawancin lokuta, za a kebe duk kwanakin makaranta don kokarin yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. Ya zama wajibi ga masu fafutuka na SNCC cewa za a saka hannun jari ga dalibai a ayyukan hakkin jama'a saboda ana sa ran wannan dalibai zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jihar don aiwatar da canjin zamantakewa. A ƙarshen lokacin Makarantar 'Yanci, masu fafutuka da dalibai sun shirya taron jagorancin dalibai a ranar 8 ga Agusta, shekarata 1964, ranar bayan jana'izar James Chaney, daya daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan Chaney, Goodman, da Schwerner . An gudanar da taron a Meridian, Mississippi, a tsohuwar Makarantar Baptist ta Meridian . An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "fadar da'irar Makarantar 'Yanci." Kowace Makarantar 'Yanci ta aika wakilai uku zuwa taron don samar da dandalin matasa don Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party. Wakilan daliban sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi ayyuka, makarantu, harkokin kasashen waje, da matsugunan jama'a tare da ba da shawarwari ga jam'iyyar jihar. A karshen taron, dalibai sun shirya wata sanarwa da ta bukaci samun masaukin jama'a, Kuma ka'idojin gine-gine na kowane gida, hadaddiyar makarantu, tsarin ayyukan jama'a, da kuma nada kwararrun baki zuwa mukaman jihohi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci da dalibai sun ci gaba da jajircewa kan manufar Makarantar 'Yanci. A farkon watan Agustan shekarata 1964, an shirya shirye-shiryen ci gaba da Makarantun 'Yanci a cikin shekarar makaranta mai zuwa, kuma wasu malaman sa kai sun riga sun amince su zauna. Dalibai sun yanke shawarar, duk da haka, yayin taron Makarantar 'Yanci a farkon watan Agusta don ba za su ci gaba da makarantun ba. Duk da haka dalibai sun aiwatar da jagoranci da gwagwarmayar da suka samu a lokacin bazara a makarantunsu. Wasu daliban sun koma makaranta kuma sun bukaci ingantattun kayan aiki da karin kwasa-kwasai. Dalibai a Philadelphia, Mississippi, sun dawo makaranta sanye da maballan "Mutum daya, Kuri'a daya" SNCC &#x2014; wanda aka kore su. == Makarantar Ranar Makarantar Freedom, Philadelphia == John E. Churchville ne ya kafa Laburaren 'Yanci na Philadelphia a shekarata 1964. A cikin Yan shekaru masu zuwa ya fara ba da azuzuwan yamma kuma daga karshe ya mai da dakin karatu zuwa makaranta. Bayan kafuwar wannan makaranta, ya shirya gajerun kasidu da aka buga a cikin littafin, ''What Black Educators Are Saying'', wanda [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/24/obituaries/nathan-wright-jr-black-power-advocate-dies-at-81.html Nathan Wright Jr. ya] shirya kuma aka buga a shekarata 1970. Wannan makala ta kunshi yawancin tunanin Churchville game da yanayin motsi na Black Power da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na koyarwa na sabuwar Makarantar 'Yanci. Ya raina ra'ayoyin duka kungiyoyin al'adu da masu ci gaban kasa a matsayin facade kuma ba hakora ba. A gare shi, Harkar kishin kasa ta juyin juya hali wacce ta yi kira ga cikakken juyin juya hali a nan da kuma ko'ina a doron kasa, ita ce mafi inganci da gaskiya ga ka'idojinta. Sun gano batutuwan cikin rukuni da na daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar bakar fata a Amurka kuma hanya daya tilo ta zama dan juyin juya hali da gaske ita ce ta sake haihuwa; wani iko na waje ya yi aiki wanda ya fara kawar da ku daga wadannan gazawar. Makarantun da kansu sun dogara ne akan tsari mai sauki na fifiko. Idan ilimi shine shigar matasa cikin tsarin akida, to dole ne Makarantar 'Yanci ta sake ilmantar da yaran bakaken fata su yi watsi da babbar akida tare da gina sabon tsari. Don yin wannan, kashi na farko na koyarwa da za a kafa dole ne ya zama sabuwar akidar makarantar. Bayan haka, Kuma dole ne a nemo malaman da za su iya dinke barakar da ke tsakanin asali da kuma ketare, kasancewar su darasi ne ga dalibansu na ciki da wajen aji. A karshe, an tsara tsarin karatun don bayyana ainihin halin da baƙar fata ke ciki da kuma koyar da kayan aiki da kwarewa don magance wannan gaskiyar. Tsarin karatun kamar yadda Churchville ya bayyana abin hawa ne kawai don koyar da gaskiyar juyin juya hali; abubuwan da ke ciki galibi basu da mahimmanci kamar yadda bincike ne wanda zai nuna gaskiyar. Hukumar FBI ta kai farmaki makarantar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarata 1966, bisa zargin tanada kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda. Bayan farmakin, Churchville ya daina fafutuka. == Gado == Za a iya ganin wani bangare na gadon Makarantar 'Yanci a cikin makarantun da ke rike da suna a yau: Akwesasne Freedom School a kan Mohawk Indian ajiyar ; Makarantun 'Yanci a St. Louis, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da [[Chicago]], Illinois, Tyree Scott Freedom School a Seattle, Washington, da Makarantar 'Yanci ta Paulo Freire a Tucson, Arizona. Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) yana gudanar da shirin Makarantar 'Yanci na zamani a duk fadin kasar. An hada wannan shirin ta hanyar bakar fata Al'umma na Crusade don Yara na Asusun Tsaro na Yara. Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF na kasa yana aiki sama da wuraren shirye-shiryen bazara 130 a cikin jihohi 24 a fadin kasar wadanda ke hidima ga yara kusan 12,000. A [[Michigan]] kungiyar Black Radical Congress a [[Detroit]] ta kaddamar da kamfen don kirkirar samfuri bisa ga Makarantun 'Yanci. Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia yunƙuyri ne na ilimin al'umma mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sigar zamani na tsarin karatun Mississippi tare da mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, Kuma aikin zamantakewa da jagoranci tsakanin tsararraki. Ana shirya Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2010-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419163246/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta hanyar hukumar jagora, Al'umma A Makarantu. <ref>http://www.cisphl.org</ref> Jami'ar 'Yanci [[Atlanta|ta Atlanta]], makarantar 'yanci ta zamani kuma makaranta ce kawai a cikin duniya inda duk dalibai ba su da takardar izinin shiga ba tare da izini ba, suna ba da kyauta na koyarwa, sannan tsarin karatun koleji na 'yanci wanda ke taimakawa matasa marasa izini su sami ilimi mafi girma. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ruleville, Mississippi * Gluckstadt, Mississippi * Carthage, Mississippi == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * William Sturkey da Jon N. Hale (eds. ), ''Don Rubuta cikin Hasken 'Yanci: Jaridu na Makarantun 'Yancin Mississippi na 1964.'' Jackson, MS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Mississippi, 2015. * Jon N. Hale, ''Makarantun 'Yanci: Masu fafutuka na dalibai a cikin Kungiyar Hakkin Bil'adama ta Mississippi'' . (New York: Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2016) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum] * [http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html/ Tarihin Makarantar 'Yanci ta Mississippi & Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203045010/http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 Darussa daga Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115163305/http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 |date=2017-01-15 }} ~ tallafin littafin karatu don nazarin Tsarin Makarantun 'Yanci na 1964 * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm Wurin Ilimi na Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091730/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm |date=2013-11-04 }} * [http://www.sfacs.us/ Sankofa Freedom Academy Charter School] * [http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html Bayani game da Bakin Al'umma Crusade ga Yara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030027/http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm Lokacin bazara da Makarantun 'Yanci] * [http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html Bayanin Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005845/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html |date=2008-04-22 }} * [http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Makarantun 'Yanci] ~ Taskar 'Yancin Jama'a * [http://chicagofreedomschool.org/ Makarantar 'Yanci ta Chicago] * [http://garyfreedomschool.org/ Makarantar Gary Freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002045/http://garyfreedomschool.org/ |date=2017-11-16 }} * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/sffreedomschool/ San Francisco Freedom School] * [http://www.sunflowerfreedom.org Aikin Yancin Yankin Sunflower] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tr2thklt88n0wzv98ss0s94xcq1jvdp 974966 974964 2026-11-01T19:00:58Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 974966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Soldiers pay a special visit to about 300 children at Baghdad Airport Prima DVIDS10081.jpg|thumb|Makarantu masu yanci]] '''Makarantun Ƴanci''' sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|Amurkawa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cd14d4z14rko.amp&ved=2ahUKEwimo6-D8PuGAxW2WUEAHbh3DvcQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1QAeK_7xQYPB0tC6Nq_6zr</nowiki></ref>[[Afirkawan Amurka|, Afirka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/babban-jamiin-jks-ya-gana-da-tawagar-alkalai-daga-afrika/&ved=2ahUKEwjjvbGn8PuGAxXCaEEAHcs0AfcQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw349FxgdP9OCoBKS7yHKXjM</nowiki></ref> galibi a [[Kudu]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://aminiya.ng/abin-da-ke-hana-yan-arewa-cin-gajiyar-siyasa-a-kudu/&ved=2ahUKEwjs6p3J8PuGAxWaU0EAHQK7DUcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw1On7_irExTQtO79H5gWzlx</nowiki></ref>. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara [[Amurkawa]] na [[Afirka]] don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, [[siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1599283-ba-ku-tsoron-allah-malamin-musulunci-ya-kunyata-yan-siyasa-a-zaman-makokin-tsohon-gwamna/&ved=2ahUKEwi91-jk8PuGAxWyQ0EAHTUEAkYQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw1jK4heoBF9wUxoWu5qqZ36</nowiki></ref> da [[tattalin arziki]] a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964). == Tarihi == Duk da hukuncin Kotun Koli na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da huɗu (1954) a cikin ''Brown v.'' Shari'ar ''Hukumar Ilimi'' ta lalata tsarin makarantun kebe, a tsakiyar shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da sittin daidai 1960s Mississippi har yanzu tana kiyaye tsarin makarantar farare da "launi mara daidaituwa. A matsakaita, jihar ta kashe $81.66 don ilimantar da dalibi farar fata idan aka kwatanta da $21.77 kawai ga dalibi bakar fata. Mississippi ta kasance daya daga cikin jihohi biyu kacal a cikin kungiyar da ba su da dokar ilimi ta tilas kuma yara da yawa a yankunan karkara an tura su aiki a fagen kuma basu sami karancin ilimi kwata-kwataba. Hatta manhajar karatu ta banbanta na fari da baki. A matsayin misali na yau da kullun, hukumar makarantar farar fata ta Bolivar County ta ba da umarnin cewa "Ba za a koyar da harsunan waje ko al'ada a makarantun Negro ba. Kuma ba za a koyar da tarihin Amurka daga shekarata dubu daya da dari takwas da sottin 1860 zuwa shekarar dubu daya da dari takwas da saba'in da biyar 1875 ba." A karshen shekarata dubu daya da dari tara da 1963, Charles Cobb, mai fafutuka na Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), ya ba da shawarar kungiyar ta dauki nauyin hanyar sadarwa na Makarantun 'Yanci, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar misalan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su a baya a wasu garuruwa. A lokacin bazara na shekarata 1963, hukumar ilimi ta gundumar Prince Edward County, Virginia ta rufe makarantun jama'a maimakon hada su bayan an gurfanar da su a shari'ar da ta biyo bayan ''Brown vs.'' ''Hukumar Ilimi'', don haka Makarantun 'Yanci suka bullo a madadinsu. A cikin Satumba, shekarar 1963, kimanin dalibai 3,000 ne suka halarci zanga-zangar Stay Out for [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|Freedom]] a [[Boston]], maimakon su halarci Makarantun 'Yanci na al'umma. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1963, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar 'Yanci, sama da dalibai 200,000 suka kaura cewa Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don nuna adawa da wariya da karancin yanayin makaranta, tare da wasu suna halartar Makarantun 'Yanci maimakon. Daga baya, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, shekarar 1964 a wata zanga-zangar ranar 'Yanci makamanciyar wannan, sama da dalibai 450,000 suka halarci kaura cewa makarantun jama'a na birnin New York a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girman zanga-zangar 'yancin dan adam na shekarata 1960s, kuma har zuwa dalibai 100,000 sun halarci madadin. Makarantun 'Yanci. == Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi == An habaka Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi a matsayin wani bangare na shekarata 1964 Freedom Summer yancin aikin, wani gagarumin kokari wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da ilmantar da daliban Mississippi don canjin zamantakewa. Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kasa (COFO) &#x2014; kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a na masu fafutuka da kudade da aka samo daga SNCC, CORE, NAACP, da SCLC &#x2014; a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, hadin gwiwar Freedom Summer. Ainihin aikin ya kasance yakin neman rajistar masu kada kuri’a a duk fadin jihar, kuma masu shirya zaben sun bukaci masu sa kai dubu daya su taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan aiki. Kuma Masu fafutuka sun yi shirin gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Demokradiyya mai kama da juna, saboda bakar fata masu jefa kuri'a cikin tsari ya haifar da wakilai masu farar fata zuwa Zaben shugaban kasa. Wadannan kokarce-kokarce sun kare a kirkirar Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party . Duka wakilan hukuma da Jam'iyyar Democratic Democratic Party ta Mississippi sun tafi taron a shekarata1964 na Democratic Democratic a Atlantic City, [[New Jersey]] . A cikin Disamba Shekarata 1963, a lokacin shirye-shiryen shirin bazara na 'Yanci mai zuwa, Charles Cobb ya ba da shawarar hanyar sadarwa ta "Makarantar 'Yanci" wacce za ta habaka shiga siyasa tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare na Mississippi, baya ga bayar da darussan ilimi da tattaunawa. Masu fafutuka da ke shirya aikin bazara na 'Yanci sun yarda da shawarar Cobb kuma a cikin Maris 1964 sun shirya taron tsara tsarin karatu a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a karkashin tallafin Majalisar Ikklisiya ta kasa . Farfesan tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman Staughton Lynd an nada shi Daraktan shirin Makarantar 'Yanci. A tsawon lokacin bazarar 'Yanci, an kafa Makarantun 'Yanci sama da 40 a cikin al'ummomin baki a duk fadin Mississippi. Manufar ita ce a yi kokarin kawo karshen kaura na siyasa na Amurkawa na Afirka ta hanyar karfafa dalibai su zama Yan kasa masu himma da shiga cikin al'umma a cikin al'umma. Sama da daliban Amurkawa 3,000 na Afirka sun halarci wadannan makarantu a lokacin rani na shekarata 1964. Dalibai sun kasance tun daga kanana yara zuwa manya masu matsakaicin shekaru 15. Malamai sun kasance masu aikin sa kai, yawancin su daliban koleji ne da kansu. <ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Freedom Schools] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> == Manufar siyasa da ilimi == An tsara Makarantun 'Yanci tare da manufofin siyasa da na ilimi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci za su ilimantar da daliban firamare da sakandare don zama wakilan canjin zamantakewa da za su shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a da ke gudana, galibi a kokarin rajistar masu zabe. Kuma An raba tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa sassa bakwai na asali wadanda suka yi nazarin yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin dangantakar kabilanci da kuma Kungiyar Hakkin Bil Adama. An karfafa habakar jagoranci, ban da karin kwarewar ilimi na gargajiya. Ilimin a Makarantun 'Yanci ya shafi dalibai ne kuma ya dace da al'ada. Sannan An gina manhajar karatu da koyarwa bisa bukatun daliban, an karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin dalibai da malamai (maimakon lacca) sannan masu tsara manhajoji sun karfafa wa malamai kwarin gwiwar yin koyarwa bisa kwarewar dalibansu. == Tsarin karatu == Bunkasa manhajar karatu ya ta’allaka ne da taron manhajar karatu, wanda ya kunshi malamai da daraktoci suna tattaunawa kan irin ilimin da za a koyar a makarantun ‘yanci. Dole ne malamai su rubuta jita-jita don tsara tsarin karatun su. An gaya musu su tuna yadda rayuwa take a Mississippi da dan gajeren lokacin da suke da shi don koyar da kayan. Dole ne tsarin karatun ya kasance mai son malamai kuma ya zama mai amfani ga dalibai nan da nan, tare da dogara kan tambayoyi da ayyuka. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tambayoyi da tattaunawa maimakon haddar gaskiya da kwanan wata. Kuma Umarnin ga malamai sun haɗa da: : Game da tsarin aji, tambaya shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Ba shi da ma'ana a cika daliban da bayanan da ba zai iya fahimta ba; tambaya ita ce hanyar wayewa. . . Darajar Makarantun 'Yanci za su samu ne daga abin da malamai ke iya ba wa dalibai ta fuskar fahimta da bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da taron manhajar ya tattaro Yan kasa na asali da asali daban-daban, kayyadaddun tsarin koyarwa na karshe ya kunshi abubuwa daga asali daban-daban kuma ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku. Bangarorin uku na manhajar Makarantun ‘Yanci su ne manhajar Ilimi, manhajar zama dan kasa, da Kuma manhajar nishadi. Manufar wadannan sassan shine don koya wa dalibai canjin zamantakewa a cikin makarantar; tarihin yanki; tarihin bakar fata; yadda ake amsa budaddiyar tambayoyi; da bunkasa fasahar ilimi. Manhajar Ilimi ta kunshi karatu, rubutu, da ayyukan baki wadanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da daliban ya samu. Tsarin karatun zama dan kasa shine don karfafa dalibai su yi tambayoyi game da al'umma. Tsarin Nishadi ya bukaci daliban ya kasance mai motsa jiki. A yawancin makarantu, Manhajar zama dan kasa ta mai da hankali kan nau'ikan tambayoyi biyu masu alaka don tattaunawar aji: : Me yasa muke (malamai da dalibai) a Makarantun 'Yanci? : Menene Kungiyar 'Yanci? : Wadanne hanyoyi ne kungiyar Freedom Movement ke ba mu? : Menene yawancin al'adun da muke so? : Menene yawancin al'adun da ba mu so? : Menene muke da shi da muke so mu kiyaye? == Shekara ta farko == An bude Makarantun 'Yanci a makon farko na Yuli shekarata 1964, bayan kusan malaman sa kai na Makarantar 'Yanci 250 sun halarci zaman horo na mako guda a Kwalejin Mata ta Yamma a Oxford, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . Shirye-shiryen na asali sun yi tsammanin Makarantun 'Yanci 25 da dalibai 1,000; a karshen bazara, an bude makarantu 41 ga dalibai sama da 2,500. An kafa Makarantun 'Yanci tare da taimako da jajircewar al'ummomin yankin, wadanda suka samar da gine-gine daban-daban na makarantu da gidaje ga malaman sa kai. Yayin da ake gudanar da wasu makarantun a wuraren shakatawa, dakunan girki, da gidajen zama, da kuma karkashin bishiyoyi, yawancin azuzuwan ana gudanar da su ne a cikin majami'u ko ginshiƙan coci. Halartar ta bambanta a duk lokacin bazara. Wasu makarantu sun sami daidaiton halarta, amma banda wannan. Saboda halartan taron bai zama tilas ba, daukar ma'aikata da kuma kula da zuwan kila shine kalubalen firamare da makarantun suka fuskanta. Kuma A Clarksdale, Mississippi, alal misali, matsakaicin yawan halartar dalibai a cikin makon farko ya kasance goma sha biyar, mako na biyu kuma takwas ne, amma a kowane lokaci a lokacin bazara, makarantar na iya samun halartar dalibai kusan talatin da biyar. Ba kasafai ba ne manya su rika zuwa aji akai-akai. An canza umarni bisa yanayin gida. A yankunan karkara da ake sa ran dalibai za su yi aiki a lokacin makaranta, yawanci ana yin karatu da daddare. A makarantun da ke kula da lokutan makaranta na al'ada, yawanci a cikin birane, ana ba da tsarin karatun zama dan kasa da kwasa-kwasan ilimi na gargajiya da safe kuma ana ba da azuzuwan na musamman kamar kida, wasan kwaikwayo, Kuma da buga rubutu da rana. A yawancin lokuta, za a kebe duk kwanakin makaranta don kokarin yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. Ya zama wajibi ga masu fafutuka na SNCC cewa za a saka hannun jari ga dalibai a ayyukan hakkin jama'a saboda ana sa ran wannan dalibai zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jihar don aiwatar da canjin zamantakewa. A ƙarshen lokacin Makarantar 'Yanci, masu fafutuka da dalibai sun shirya taron jagorancin dalibai a ranar 8 ga Agusta, shekarata 1964, ranar bayan jana'izar James Chaney, daya daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan Chaney, Goodman, da Schwerner . An gudanar da taron a Meridian, Mississippi, a tsohuwar Makarantar Baptist ta Meridian . An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "fadar da'irar Makarantar 'Yanci." Kowace Makarantar 'Yanci ta aika wakilai uku zuwa taron don samar da dandalin matasa don Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party. Wakilan daliban sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi ayyuka, makarantu, harkokin kasashen waje, da matsugunan jama'a tare da ba da shawarwari ga jam'iyyar jihar. A karshen taron, dalibai sun shirya wata sanarwa da ta bukaci samun masaukin jama'a, Kuma ka'idojin gine-gine na kowane gida, hadaddiyar makarantu, tsarin ayyukan jama'a, da kuma nada kwararrun baki zuwa mukaman jihohi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci da dalibai sun ci gaba da jajircewa kan manufar Makarantar 'Yanci. A farkon watan Agustan shekarata 1964, an shirya shirye-shiryen ci gaba da Makarantun 'Yanci a cikin shekarar makaranta mai zuwa, kuma wasu malaman sa kai sun riga sun amince su zauna. Dalibai sun yanke shawarar, duk da haka, yayin taron Makarantar 'Yanci a farkon watan Agusta don ba za su ci gaba da makarantun ba. Duk da haka dalibai sun aiwatar da jagoranci da gwagwarmayar da suka samu a lokacin bazara a makarantunsu. Wasu daliban sun koma makaranta kuma sun bukaci ingantattun kayan aiki da karin kwasa-kwasai. Dalibai a Philadelphia, Mississippi, sun dawo makaranta sanye da maballan "Mutum daya, Kuri'a daya" SNCC &#x2014; wanda aka kore su. == Makarantar Ranar Makarantar Freedom, Philadelphia == John E. Churchville ne ya kafa Laburaren 'Yanci na Philadelphia a shekarata 1964. A cikin Yan shekaru masu zuwa ya fara ba da azuzuwan yamma kuma daga karshe ya mai da dakin karatu zuwa makaranta. Bayan kafuwar wannan makaranta, ya shirya gajerun kasidu da aka buga a cikin littafin, ''What Black Educators Are Saying'', wanda [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/24/obituaries/nathan-wright-jr-black-power-advocate-dies-at-81.html Nathan Wright Jr. ya] shirya kuma aka buga a shekarata 1970. Wannan makala ta kunshi yawancin tunanin Churchville game da yanayin motsi na Black Power da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na koyarwa na sabuwar Makarantar 'Yanci. Ya raina ra'ayoyin duka kungiyoyin al'adu da masu ci gaban kasa a matsayin facade kuma ba hakora ba. A gare shi, Harkar kishin kasa ta juyin juya hali wacce ta yi kira ga cikakken juyin juya hali a nan da kuma ko'ina a doron kasa, ita ce mafi inganci da gaskiya ga ka'idojinta. Sun gano batutuwan cikin rukuni da na daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar bakar fata a Amurka kuma hanya daya tilo ta zama dan juyin juya hali da gaske ita ce ta sake haihuwa; wani iko na waje ya yi aiki wanda ya fara kawar da ku daga wadannan gazawar. Makarantun da kansu sun dogara ne akan tsari mai sauki na fifiko. Idan ilimi shine shigar matasa cikin tsarin akida, to dole ne Makarantar 'Yanci ta sake ilmantar da yaran bakaken fata su yi watsi da babbar akida tare da gina sabon tsari. Don yin wannan, kashi na farko na koyarwa da za a kafa dole ne ya zama sabuwar akidar makarantar. Bayan haka, Kuma dole ne a nemo malaman da za su iya dinke barakar da ke tsakanin asali da kuma ketare, kasancewar su darasi ne ga dalibansu na ciki da wajen aji. A karshe, an tsara tsarin karatun don bayyana ainihin halin da baƙar fata ke ciki da kuma koyar da kayan aiki da kwarewa don magance wannan gaskiyar. Tsarin karatun kamar yadda Churchville ya bayyana abin hawa ne kawai don koyar da gaskiyar juyin juya hali; abubuwan da ke ciki galibi basu da mahimmanci kamar yadda bincike ne wanda zai nuna gaskiyar. Hukumar FBI ta kai farmaki makarantar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarata 1966, bisa zargin tanada kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda. Bayan farmakin, Churchville ya daina fafutuka. == Gado == Za a iya ganin wani bangare na gadon Makarantar 'Yanci a cikin makarantun da ke rike da suna a yau: Akwesasne Freedom School a kan Mohawk Indian ajiyar ; Makarantun 'Yanci a St. Louis, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da [[Chicago]], Illinois, Tyree Scott Freedom School a Seattle, Washington, da Makarantar 'Yanci ta Paulo Freire a Tucson, Arizona. Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) yana gudanar da shirin Makarantar 'Yanci na zamani a duk fadin kasar. An hada wannan shirin ta hanyar bakar fata Al'umma na Crusade don Yara na Asusun Tsaro na Yara. Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF na kasa yana aiki sama da wuraren shirye-shiryen bazara 130 a cikin jihohi 24 a fadin kasar wadanda ke hidima ga yara kusan 12,000. A [[Michigan]] kungiyar Black Radical Congress a [[Detroit]] ta kaddamar da kamfen don kirkirar samfuri bisa ga Makarantun 'Yanci. Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia yunƙuyri ne na ilimin al'umma mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sigar zamani na tsarin karatun Mississippi tare da mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, Kuma aikin zamantakewa da jagoranci tsakanin tsararraki. Ana shirya Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2010-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419163246/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta hanyar hukumar jagora, Al'umma A Makarantu. <ref>http://www.cisphl.org</ref> Jami'ar 'Yanci [[Atlanta|ta Atlanta]], makarantar 'yanci ta zamani kuma makaranta ce kawai a cikin duniya inda duk dalibai ba su da takardar izinin shiga ba tare da izini ba, suna ba da kyauta na koyarwa, sannan tsarin karatun koleji na 'yanci wanda ke taimakawa matasa marasa izini su sami ilimi mafi girma. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ruleville, Mississippi * Gluckstadt, Mississippi * Carthage, Mississippi == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * William Sturkey da Jon N. Hale (eds. ), ''Don Rubuta cikin Hasken 'Yanci: Jaridu na Makarantun 'Yancin Mississippi na 1964.'' Jackson, MS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Mississippi, 2015. * Jon N. Hale, ''Makarantun 'Yanci: Masu fafutuka na dalibai a cikin Kungiyar Hakkin Bil'adama ta Mississippi'' . (New York: Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2016) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum] * [http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html/ Tarihin Makarantar 'Yanci ta Mississippi & Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203045010/http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 Darussa daga Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115163305/http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 |date=2017-01-15 }} ~ tallafin littafin karatu don nazarin Tsarin Makarantun 'Yanci na 1964 * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm Wurin Ilimi na Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091730/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm |date=2013-11-04 }} * [http://www.sfacs.us/ Sankofa Freedom Academy Charter School] * [http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html Bayani game da Bakin Al'umma Crusade ga Yara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030027/http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm Lokacin bazara da Makarantun 'Yanci] * [http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html Bayanin Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005845/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html |date=2008-04-22 }} * [http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Makarantun 'Yanci] ~ Taskar 'Yancin Jama'a * [http://chicagofreedomschool.org/ Makarantar 'Yanci ta Chicago] * [http://garyfreedomschool.org/ Makarantar Gary Freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002045/http://garyfreedomschool.org/ |date=2017-11-16 }} * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/sffreedomschool/ San Francisco Freedom School] * [http://www.sunflowerfreedom.org Aikin Yancin Yankin Sunflower] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] iy4tlbe3a2iqtsev5p7vujaxfucasad 974967 974966 2026-11-01T19:01:37Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 974967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Soldiers pay a special visit to about 300 children at Baghdad Airport Prima DVIDS10081.jpg|thumb|Makarantu masu yanci]] '''Makarantun Ƴanci''' sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|Amurkawa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cd14d4z14rko.amp&ved=2ahUKEwimo6-D8PuGAxW2WUEAHbh3DvcQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1QAeK_7xQYPB0tC6Nq_6zr</nowiki></ref>[[Afirkawan Amurka|, Afirka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/babban-jamiin-jks-ya-gana-da-tawagar-alkalai-daga-afrika/&ved=2ahUKEwjjvbGn8PuGAxXCaEEAHcs0AfcQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw349FxgdP9OCoBKS7yHKXjM</nowiki></ref> galibi a [[Kudu]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://aminiya.ng/abin-da-ke-hana-yan-arewa-cin-gajiyar-siyasa-a-kudu/&ved=2ahUKEwjs6p3J8PuGAxWaU0EAHQK7DUcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw1On7_irExTQtO79H5gWzlx</nowiki></ref>. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara [[Amurkawa]] na [[Afirka]] don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, [[siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1599283-ba-ku-tsoron-allah-malamin-musulunci-ya-kunyata-yan-siyasa-a-zaman-makokin-tsohon-gwamna/&ved=2ahUKEwi91-jk8PuGAxWyQ0EAHTUEAkYQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw1jK4heoBF9wUxoWu5qqZ36</nowiki></ref> da [[tattalin arziki]] a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964). == Tarihi == Duk da hukuncin Kotun Koli na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da huɗu (1954) a cikin ''Brown v.'' Shari'ar ''Hukumar Ilimi'' ta lalata tsarin makarantun kebe, a tsakiyar shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da sittin daidai 1960s Mississippi har yanzu tana kiyaye tsarin makarantar farare da "launi mara daidaituwa. A matsakaita, jihar ta kashe $81.66 don ilimantar da dalibi farar fata idan aka kwatanta da $21.77 kawai ga dalibi bakar fata. Mississippi ta kasance daya daga cikin jihohi biyu kacal a cikin kungiyar da ba su da dokar ilimi ta tilas kuma yara da yawa a yankunan karkara an tura su aiki a fagen kuma basu sami karancin ilimi kwata-kwataba. Hatta manhajar karatu ta banbanta na fari da baki. A matsayin misali na yau da kullun, hukumar makarantar farar fata ta Bolivar County ta ba da umarnin cewa "Ba za a koyar da harsunan waje ko al'ada a makarantun Negro ba. Kuma ba za a koyar da tarihin Amurka daga shekarata dubu daya da dari takwas da sottin 1860 zuwa shekarar dubu daya da dari takwas da saba'in da biyar 1875 ba." A karshen shekarata dubu daya da dari tara da sittin da 1963, Charles Cobb, mai fafutuka na Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), ya ba da shawarar kungiyar ta dauki nauyin hanyar sadarwa na Makarantun 'Yanci, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar misalan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su a baya a wasu garuruwa. A lokacin bazara na shekarata 1963, hukumar ilimi ta gundumar Prince Edward County, Virginia ta rufe makarantun jama'a maimakon hada su bayan an gurfanar da su a shari'ar da ta biyo bayan ''Brown vs.'' ''Hukumar Ilimi'', don haka Makarantun 'Yanci suka bullo a madadinsu. A cikin Satumba, shekarar 1963, kimanin dalibai 3,000 ne suka halarci zanga-zangar Stay Out for [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|Freedom]] a [[Boston]], maimakon su halarci Makarantun 'Yanci na al'umma. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1963, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar 'Yanci, sama da dalibai 200,000 suka kaura cewa Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don nuna adawa da wariya da karancin yanayin makaranta, tare da wasu suna halartar Makarantun 'Yanci maimakon. Daga baya, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, shekarar 1964 a wata zanga-zangar ranar 'Yanci makamanciyar wannan, sama da dalibai 450,000 suka halarci kaura cewa makarantun jama'a na birnin New York a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girman zanga-zangar 'yancin dan adam na shekarata 1960s, kuma har zuwa dalibai 100,000 sun halarci madadin. Makarantun 'Yanci. == Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi == An habaka Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi a matsayin wani bangare na shekarata 1964 Freedom Summer yancin aikin, wani gagarumin kokari wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da ilmantar da daliban Mississippi don canjin zamantakewa. Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kasa (COFO) &#x2014; kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a na masu fafutuka da kudade da aka samo daga SNCC, CORE, NAACP, da SCLC &#x2014; a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, hadin gwiwar Freedom Summer. Ainihin aikin ya kasance yakin neman rajistar masu kada kuri’a a duk fadin jihar, kuma masu shirya zaben sun bukaci masu sa kai dubu daya su taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan aiki. Kuma Masu fafutuka sun yi shirin gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Demokradiyya mai kama da juna, saboda bakar fata masu jefa kuri'a cikin tsari ya haifar da wakilai masu farar fata zuwa Zaben shugaban kasa. Wadannan kokarce-kokarce sun kare a kirkirar Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party . Duka wakilan hukuma da Jam'iyyar Democratic Democratic Party ta Mississippi sun tafi taron a shekarata1964 na Democratic Democratic a Atlantic City, [[New Jersey]] . A cikin Disamba Shekarata 1963, a lokacin shirye-shiryen shirin bazara na 'Yanci mai zuwa, Charles Cobb ya ba da shawarar hanyar sadarwa ta "Makarantar 'Yanci" wacce za ta habaka shiga siyasa tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare na Mississippi, baya ga bayar da darussan ilimi da tattaunawa. Masu fafutuka da ke shirya aikin bazara na 'Yanci sun yarda da shawarar Cobb kuma a cikin Maris 1964 sun shirya taron tsara tsarin karatu a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a karkashin tallafin Majalisar Ikklisiya ta kasa . Farfesan tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman Staughton Lynd an nada shi Daraktan shirin Makarantar 'Yanci. A tsawon lokacin bazarar 'Yanci, an kafa Makarantun 'Yanci sama da 40 a cikin al'ummomin baki a duk fadin Mississippi. Manufar ita ce a yi kokarin kawo karshen kaura na siyasa na Amurkawa na Afirka ta hanyar karfafa dalibai su zama Yan kasa masu himma da shiga cikin al'umma a cikin al'umma. Sama da daliban Amurkawa 3,000 na Afirka sun halarci wadannan makarantu a lokacin rani na shekarata 1964. Dalibai sun kasance tun daga kanana yara zuwa manya masu matsakaicin shekaru 15. Malamai sun kasance masu aikin sa kai, yawancin su daliban koleji ne da kansu. <ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Freedom Schools] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> == Manufar siyasa da ilimi == An tsara Makarantun 'Yanci tare da manufofin siyasa da na ilimi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci za su ilimantar da daliban firamare da sakandare don zama wakilan canjin zamantakewa da za su shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a da ke gudana, galibi a kokarin rajistar masu zabe. Kuma An raba tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa sassa bakwai na asali wadanda suka yi nazarin yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin dangantakar kabilanci da kuma Kungiyar Hakkin Bil Adama. An karfafa habakar jagoranci, ban da karin kwarewar ilimi na gargajiya. Ilimin a Makarantun 'Yanci ya shafi dalibai ne kuma ya dace da al'ada. Sannan An gina manhajar karatu da koyarwa bisa bukatun daliban, an karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin dalibai da malamai (maimakon lacca) sannan masu tsara manhajoji sun karfafa wa malamai kwarin gwiwar yin koyarwa bisa kwarewar dalibansu. == Tsarin karatu == Bunkasa manhajar karatu ya ta’allaka ne da taron manhajar karatu, wanda ya kunshi malamai da daraktoci suna tattaunawa kan irin ilimin da za a koyar a makarantun ‘yanci. Dole ne malamai su rubuta jita-jita don tsara tsarin karatun su. An gaya musu su tuna yadda rayuwa take a Mississippi da dan gajeren lokacin da suke da shi don koyar da kayan. Dole ne tsarin karatun ya kasance mai son malamai kuma ya zama mai amfani ga dalibai nan da nan, tare da dogara kan tambayoyi da ayyuka. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tambayoyi da tattaunawa maimakon haddar gaskiya da kwanan wata. Kuma Umarnin ga malamai sun haɗa da: : Game da tsarin aji, tambaya shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Ba shi da ma'ana a cika daliban da bayanan da ba zai iya fahimta ba; tambaya ita ce hanyar wayewa. . . Darajar Makarantun 'Yanci za su samu ne daga abin da malamai ke iya ba wa dalibai ta fuskar fahimta da bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da taron manhajar ya tattaro Yan kasa na asali da asali daban-daban, kayyadaddun tsarin koyarwa na karshe ya kunshi abubuwa daga asali daban-daban kuma ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku. Bangarorin uku na manhajar Makarantun ‘Yanci su ne manhajar Ilimi, manhajar zama dan kasa, da Kuma manhajar nishadi. Manufar wadannan sassan shine don koya wa dalibai canjin zamantakewa a cikin makarantar; tarihin yanki; tarihin bakar fata; yadda ake amsa budaddiyar tambayoyi; da bunkasa fasahar ilimi. Manhajar Ilimi ta kunshi karatu, rubutu, da ayyukan baki wadanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da daliban ya samu. Tsarin karatun zama dan kasa shine don karfafa dalibai su yi tambayoyi game da al'umma. Tsarin Nishadi ya bukaci daliban ya kasance mai motsa jiki. A yawancin makarantu, Manhajar zama dan kasa ta mai da hankali kan nau'ikan tambayoyi biyu masu alaka don tattaunawar aji: : Me yasa muke (malamai da dalibai) a Makarantun 'Yanci? : Menene Kungiyar 'Yanci? : Wadanne hanyoyi ne kungiyar Freedom Movement ke ba mu? : Menene yawancin al'adun da muke so? : Menene yawancin al'adun da ba mu so? : Menene muke da shi da muke so mu kiyaye? == Shekara ta farko == An bude Makarantun 'Yanci a makon farko na Yuli shekarata 1964, bayan kusan malaman sa kai na Makarantar 'Yanci 250 sun halarci zaman horo na mako guda a Kwalejin Mata ta Yamma a Oxford, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . Shirye-shiryen na asali sun yi tsammanin Makarantun 'Yanci 25 da dalibai 1,000; a karshen bazara, an bude makarantu 41 ga dalibai sama da 2,500. An kafa Makarantun 'Yanci tare da taimako da jajircewar al'ummomin yankin, wadanda suka samar da gine-gine daban-daban na makarantu da gidaje ga malaman sa kai. Yayin da ake gudanar da wasu makarantun a wuraren shakatawa, dakunan girki, da gidajen zama, da kuma karkashin bishiyoyi, yawancin azuzuwan ana gudanar da su ne a cikin majami'u ko ginshiƙan coci. Halartar ta bambanta a duk lokacin bazara. Wasu makarantu sun sami daidaiton halarta, amma banda wannan. Saboda halartan taron bai zama tilas ba, daukar ma'aikata da kuma kula da zuwan kila shine kalubalen firamare da makarantun suka fuskanta. Kuma A Clarksdale, Mississippi, alal misali, matsakaicin yawan halartar dalibai a cikin makon farko ya kasance goma sha biyar, mako na biyu kuma takwas ne, amma a kowane lokaci a lokacin bazara, makarantar na iya samun halartar dalibai kusan talatin da biyar. Ba kasafai ba ne manya su rika zuwa aji akai-akai. An canza umarni bisa yanayin gida. A yankunan karkara da ake sa ran dalibai za su yi aiki a lokacin makaranta, yawanci ana yin karatu da daddare. A makarantun da ke kula da lokutan makaranta na al'ada, yawanci a cikin birane, ana ba da tsarin karatun zama dan kasa da kwasa-kwasan ilimi na gargajiya da safe kuma ana ba da azuzuwan na musamman kamar kida, wasan kwaikwayo, Kuma da buga rubutu da rana. A yawancin lokuta, za a kebe duk kwanakin makaranta don kokarin yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. Ya zama wajibi ga masu fafutuka na SNCC cewa za a saka hannun jari ga dalibai a ayyukan hakkin jama'a saboda ana sa ran wannan dalibai zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jihar don aiwatar da canjin zamantakewa. A ƙarshen lokacin Makarantar 'Yanci, masu fafutuka da dalibai sun shirya taron jagorancin dalibai a ranar 8 ga Agusta, shekarata 1964, ranar bayan jana'izar James Chaney, daya daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan Chaney, Goodman, da Schwerner . An gudanar da taron a Meridian, Mississippi, a tsohuwar Makarantar Baptist ta Meridian . An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "fadar da'irar Makarantar 'Yanci." Kowace Makarantar 'Yanci ta aika wakilai uku zuwa taron don samar da dandalin matasa don Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party. Wakilan daliban sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi ayyuka, makarantu, harkokin kasashen waje, da matsugunan jama'a tare da ba da shawarwari ga jam'iyyar jihar. A karshen taron, dalibai sun shirya wata sanarwa da ta bukaci samun masaukin jama'a, Kuma ka'idojin gine-gine na kowane gida, hadaddiyar makarantu, tsarin ayyukan jama'a, da kuma nada kwararrun baki zuwa mukaman jihohi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci da dalibai sun ci gaba da jajircewa kan manufar Makarantar 'Yanci. A farkon watan Agustan shekarata 1964, an shirya shirye-shiryen ci gaba da Makarantun 'Yanci a cikin shekarar makaranta mai zuwa, kuma wasu malaman sa kai sun riga sun amince su zauna. Dalibai sun yanke shawarar, duk da haka, yayin taron Makarantar 'Yanci a farkon watan Agusta don ba za su ci gaba da makarantun ba. Duk da haka dalibai sun aiwatar da jagoranci da gwagwarmayar da suka samu a lokacin bazara a makarantunsu. Wasu daliban sun koma makaranta kuma sun bukaci ingantattun kayan aiki da karin kwasa-kwasai. Dalibai a Philadelphia, Mississippi, sun dawo makaranta sanye da maballan "Mutum daya, Kuri'a daya" SNCC &#x2014; wanda aka kore su. == Makarantar Ranar Makarantar Freedom, Philadelphia == John E. Churchville ne ya kafa Laburaren 'Yanci na Philadelphia a shekarata 1964. A cikin Yan shekaru masu zuwa ya fara ba da azuzuwan yamma kuma daga karshe ya mai da dakin karatu zuwa makaranta. Bayan kafuwar wannan makaranta, ya shirya gajerun kasidu da aka buga a cikin littafin, ''What Black Educators Are Saying'', wanda [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/24/obituaries/nathan-wright-jr-black-power-advocate-dies-at-81.html Nathan Wright Jr. ya] shirya kuma aka buga a shekarata 1970. Wannan makala ta kunshi yawancin tunanin Churchville game da yanayin motsi na Black Power da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na koyarwa na sabuwar Makarantar 'Yanci. Ya raina ra'ayoyin duka kungiyoyin al'adu da masu ci gaban kasa a matsayin facade kuma ba hakora ba. A gare shi, Harkar kishin kasa ta juyin juya hali wacce ta yi kira ga cikakken juyin juya hali a nan da kuma ko'ina a doron kasa, ita ce mafi inganci da gaskiya ga ka'idojinta. Sun gano batutuwan cikin rukuni da na daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar bakar fata a Amurka kuma hanya daya tilo ta zama dan juyin juya hali da gaske ita ce ta sake haihuwa; wani iko na waje ya yi aiki wanda ya fara kawar da ku daga wadannan gazawar. Makarantun da kansu sun dogara ne akan tsari mai sauki na fifiko. Idan ilimi shine shigar matasa cikin tsarin akida, to dole ne Makarantar 'Yanci ta sake ilmantar da yaran bakaken fata su yi watsi da babbar akida tare da gina sabon tsari. Don yin wannan, kashi na farko na koyarwa da za a kafa dole ne ya zama sabuwar akidar makarantar. Bayan haka, Kuma dole ne a nemo malaman da za su iya dinke barakar da ke tsakanin asali da kuma ketare, kasancewar su darasi ne ga dalibansu na ciki da wajen aji. A karshe, an tsara tsarin karatun don bayyana ainihin halin da baƙar fata ke ciki da kuma koyar da kayan aiki da kwarewa don magance wannan gaskiyar. Tsarin karatun kamar yadda Churchville ya bayyana abin hawa ne kawai don koyar da gaskiyar juyin juya hali; abubuwan da ke ciki galibi basu da mahimmanci kamar yadda bincike ne wanda zai nuna gaskiyar. Hukumar FBI ta kai farmaki makarantar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarata 1966, bisa zargin tanada kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda. Bayan farmakin, Churchville ya daina fafutuka. == Gado == Za a iya ganin wani bangare na gadon Makarantar 'Yanci a cikin makarantun da ke rike da suna a yau: Akwesasne Freedom School a kan Mohawk Indian ajiyar ; Makarantun 'Yanci a St. Louis, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da [[Chicago]], Illinois, Tyree Scott Freedom School a Seattle, Washington, da Makarantar 'Yanci ta Paulo Freire a Tucson, Arizona. Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) yana gudanar da shirin Makarantar 'Yanci na zamani a duk fadin kasar. An hada wannan shirin ta hanyar bakar fata Al'umma na Crusade don Yara na Asusun Tsaro na Yara. Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF na kasa yana aiki sama da wuraren shirye-shiryen bazara 130 a cikin jihohi 24 a fadin kasar wadanda ke hidima ga yara kusan 12,000. A [[Michigan]] kungiyar Black Radical Congress a [[Detroit]] ta kaddamar da kamfen don kirkirar samfuri bisa ga Makarantun 'Yanci. Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia yunƙuyri ne na ilimin al'umma mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sigar zamani na tsarin karatun Mississippi tare da mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, Kuma aikin zamantakewa da jagoranci tsakanin tsararraki. Ana shirya Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2010-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419163246/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta hanyar hukumar jagora, Al'umma A Makarantu. <ref>http://www.cisphl.org</ref> Jami'ar 'Yanci [[Atlanta|ta Atlanta]], makarantar 'yanci ta zamani kuma makaranta ce kawai a cikin duniya inda duk dalibai ba su da takardar izinin shiga ba tare da izini ba, suna ba da kyauta na koyarwa, sannan tsarin karatun koleji na 'yanci wanda ke taimakawa matasa marasa izini su sami ilimi mafi girma. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ruleville, Mississippi * Gluckstadt, Mississippi * Carthage, Mississippi == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * William Sturkey da Jon N. Hale (eds. ), ''Don Rubuta cikin Hasken 'Yanci: Jaridu na Makarantun 'Yancin Mississippi na 1964.'' Jackson, MS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Mississippi, 2015. * Jon N. Hale, ''Makarantun 'Yanci: Masu fafutuka na dalibai a cikin Kungiyar Hakkin Bil'adama ta Mississippi'' . (New York: Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2016) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum] * [http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html/ Tarihin Makarantar 'Yanci ta Mississippi & Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203045010/http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 Darussa daga Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115163305/http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 |date=2017-01-15 }} ~ tallafin littafin karatu don nazarin Tsarin Makarantun 'Yanci na 1964 * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm Wurin Ilimi na Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091730/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm |date=2013-11-04 }} * [http://www.sfacs.us/ Sankofa Freedom Academy Charter School] * [http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html Bayani game da Bakin Al'umma Crusade ga Yara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030027/http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm Lokacin bazara da Makarantun 'Yanci] * [http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html Bayanin Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005845/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html |date=2008-04-22 }} * [http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Makarantun 'Yanci] ~ Taskar 'Yancin Jama'a * [http://chicagofreedomschool.org/ Makarantar 'Yanci ta Chicago] * [http://garyfreedomschool.org/ Makarantar Gary Freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002045/http://garyfreedomschool.org/ |date=2017-11-16 }} * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/sffreedomschool/ San Francisco Freedom School] * [http://www.sunflowerfreedom.org Aikin Yancin Yankin Sunflower] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 31aftb8wlvgyrbgxrp15bgeob1753e4 974969 974967 2026-11-01T19:02:02Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 974969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Soldiers pay a special visit to about 300 children at Baghdad Airport Prima DVIDS10081.jpg|thumb|Makarantu masu yanci]] '''Makarantun Ƴanci''' sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|Amurkawa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cd14d4z14rko.amp&ved=2ahUKEwimo6-D8PuGAxW2WUEAHbh3DvcQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1QAeK_7xQYPB0tC6Nq_6zr</nowiki></ref>[[Afirkawan Amurka|, Afirka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/babban-jamiin-jks-ya-gana-da-tawagar-alkalai-daga-afrika/&ved=2ahUKEwjjvbGn8PuGAxXCaEEAHcs0AfcQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw349FxgdP9OCoBKS7yHKXjM</nowiki></ref> galibi a [[Kudu]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://aminiya.ng/abin-da-ke-hana-yan-arewa-cin-gajiyar-siyasa-a-kudu/&ved=2ahUKEwjs6p3J8PuGAxWaU0EAHQK7DUcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw1On7_irExTQtO79H5gWzlx</nowiki></ref>. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara [[Amurkawa]] na [[Afirka]] don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, [[siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1599283-ba-ku-tsoron-allah-malamin-musulunci-ya-kunyata-yan-siyasa-a-zaman-makokin-tsohon-gwamna/&ved=2ahUKEwi91-jk8PuGAxWyQ0EAHTUEAkYQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw1jK4heoBF9wUxoWu5qqZ36</nowiki></ref> da [[tattalin arziki]] a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964). == Tarihi == Duk da hukuncin Kotun Koli na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da huɗu (1954) a cikin ''Brown v.'' Shari'ar ''Hukumar Ilimi'' ta lalata tsarin makarantun kebe, a tsakiyar shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da sittin daidai 1960s Mississippi har yanzu tana kiyaye tsarin makarantar farare da "launi mara daidaituwa. A matsakaita, jihar ta kashe $81.66 don ilimantar da dalibi farar fata idan aka kwatanta da $21.77 kawai ga dalibi bakar fata. Mississippi ta kasance daya daga cikin jihohi biyu kacal a cikin kungiyar da ba su da dokar ilimi ta tilas kuma yara da yawa a yankunan karkara an tura su aiki a fagen kuma basu sami karancin ilimi kwata-kwataba. Hatta manhajar karatu ta banbanta na fari da baki. A matsayin misali na yau da kullun, hukumar makarantar farar fata ta Bolivar County ta ba da umarnin cewa "Ba za a koyar da harsunan waje ko al'ada a makarantun Negro ba. Kuma ba za a koyar da tarihin Amurka daga shekarata dubu daya da dari takwas da sottin 1860 zuwa shekarar dubu daya da dari takwas da saba'in da biyar 1875 ba." A karshen shekarata dubu daya da dari tara da sittin da daya 1963, Charles Cobb, mai fafutuka na Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), ya ba da shawarar kungiyar ta dauki nauyin hanyar sadarwa na Makarantun 'Yanci, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar misalan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su a baya a wasu garuruwa. A lokacin bazara na shekarata 1963, hukumar ilimi ta gundumar Prince Edward County, Virginia ta rufe makarantun jama'a maimakon hada su bayan an gurfanar da su a shari'ar da ta biyo bayan ''Brown vs.'' ''Hukumar Ilimi'', don haka Makarantun 'Yanci suka bullo a madadinsu. A cikin Satumba, shekarar 1963, kimanin dalibai 3,000 ne suka halarci zanga-zangar Stay Out for [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|Freedom]] a [[Boston]], maimakon su halarci Makarantun 'Yanci na al'umma. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1963, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar 'Yanci, sama da dalibai 200,000 suka kaura cewa Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don nuna adawa da wariya da karancin yanayin makaranta, tare da wasu suna halartar Makarantun 'Yanci maimakon. Daga baya, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, shekarar 1964 a wata zanga-zangar ranar 'Yanci makamanciyar wannan, sama da dalibai 450,000 suka halarci kaura cewa makarantun jama'a na birnin New York a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girman zanga-zangar 'yancin dan adam na shekarata 1960s, kuma har zuwa dalibai 100,000 sun halarci madadin. Makarantun 'Yanci. == Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi == An habaka Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi a matsayin wani bangare na shekarata 1964 Freedom Summer yancin aikin, wani gagarumin kokari wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da ilmantar da daliban Mississippi don canjin zamantakewa. Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kasa (COFO) &#x2014; kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a na masu fafutuka da kudade da aka samo daga SNCC, CORE, NAACP, da SCLC &#x2014; a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, hadin gwiwar Freedom Summer. Ainihin aikin ya kasance yakin neman rajistar masu kada kuri’a a duk fadin jihar, kuma masu shirya zaben sun bukaci masu sa kai dubu daya su taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan aiki. Kuma Masu fafutuka sun yi shirin gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Demokradiyya mai kama da juna, saboda bakar fata masu jefa kuri'a cikin tsari ya haifar da wakilai masu farar fata zuwa Zaben shugaban kasa. Wadannan kokarce-kokarce sun kare a kirkirar Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party . Duka wakilan hukuma da Jam'iyyar Democratic Democratic Party ta Mississippi sun tafi taron a shekarata1964 na Democratic Democratic a Atlantic City, [[New Jersey]] . A cikin Disamba Shekarata 1963, a lokacin shirye-shiryen shirin bazara na 'Yanci mai zuwa, Charles Cobb ya ba da shawarar hanyar sadarwa ta "Makarantar 'Yanci" wacce za ta habaka shiga siyasa tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare na Mississippi, baya ga bayar da darussan ilimi da tattaunawa. Masu fafutuka da ke shirya aikin bazara na 'Yanci sun yarda da shawarar Cobb kuma a cikin Maris 1964 sun shirya taron tsara tsarin karatu a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a karkashin tallafin Majalisar Ikklisiya ta kasa . Farfesan tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman Staughton Lynd an nada shi Daraktan shirin Makarantar 'Yanci. A tsawon lokacin bazarar 'Yanci, an kafa Makarantun 'Yanci sama da 40 a cikin al'ummomin baki a duk fadin Mississippi. Manufar ita ce a yi kokarin kawo karshen kaura na siyasa na Amurkawa na Afirka ta hanyar karfafa dalibai su zama Yan kasa masu himma da shiga cikin al'umma a cikin al'umma. Sama da daliban Amurkawa 3,000 na Afirka sun halarci wadannan makarantu a lokacin rani na shekarata 1964. Dalibai sun kasance tun daga kanana yara zuwa manya masu matsakaicin shekaru 15. Malamai sun kasance masu aikin sa kai, yawancin su daliban koleji ne da kansu. <ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Freedom Schools] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> == Manufar siyasa da ilimi == An tsara Makarantun 'Yanci tare da manufofin siyasa da na ilimi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci za su ilimantar da daliban firamare da sakandare don zama wakilan canjin zamantakewa da za su shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a da ke gudana, galibi a kokarin rajistar masu zabe. Kuma An raba tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa sassa bakwai na asali wadanda suka yi nazarin yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin dangantakar kabilanci da kuma Kungiyar Hakkin Bil Adama. An karfafa habakar jagoranci, ban da karin kwarewar ilimi na gargajiya. Ilimin a Makarantun 'Yanci ya shafi dalibai ne kuma ya dace da al'ada. Sannan An gina manhajar karatu da koyarwa bisa bukatun daliban, an karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin dalibai da malamai (maimakon lacca) sannan masu tsara manhajoji sun karfafa wa malamai kwarin gwiwar yin koyarwa bisa kwarewar dalibansu. == Tsarin karatu == Bunkasa manhajar karatu ya ta’allaka ne da taron manhajar karatu, wanda ya kunshi malamai da daraktoci suna tattaunawa kan irin ilimin da za a koyar a makarantun ‘yanci. Dole ne malamai su rubuta jita-jita don tsara tsarin karatun su. An gaya musu su tuna yadda rayuwa take a Mississippi da dan gajeren lokacin da suke da shi don koyar da kayan. Dole ne tsarin karatun ya kasance mai son malamai kuma ya zama mai amfani ga dalibai nan da nan, tare da dogara kan tambayoyi da ayyuka. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tambayoyi da tattaunawa maimakon haddar gaskiya da kwanan wata. Kuma Umarnin ga malamai sun haɗa da: : Game da tsarin aji, tambaya shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Ba shi da ma'ana a cika daliban da bayanan da ba zai iya fahimta ba; tambaya ita ce hanyar wayewa. . . Darajar Makarantun 'Yanci za su samu ne daga abin da malamai ke iya ba wa dalibai ta fuskar fahimta da bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da taron manhajar ya tattaro Yan kasa na asali da asali daban-daban, kayyadaddun tsarin koyarwa na karshe ya kunshi abubuwa daga asali daban-daban kuma ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku. Bangarorin uku na manhajar Makarantun ‘Yanci su ne manhajar Ilimi, manhajar zama dan kasa, da Kuma manhajar nishadi. Manufar wadannan sassan shine don koya wa dalibai canjin zamantakewa a cikin makarantar; tarihin yanki; tarihin bakar fata; yadda ake amsa budaddiyar tambayoyi; da bunkasa fasahar ilimi. Manhajar Ilimi ta kunshi karatu, rubutu, da ayyukan baki wadanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da daliban ya samu. Tsarin karatun zama dan kasa shine don karfafa dalibai su yi tambayoyi game da al'umma. Tsarin Nishadi ya bukaci daliban ya kasance mai motsa jiki. A yawancin makarantu, Manhajar zama dan kasa ta mai da hankali kan nau'ikan tambayoyi biyu masu alaka don tattaunawar aji: : Me yasa muke (malamai da dalibai) a Makarantun 'Yanci? : Menene Kungiyar 'Yanci? : Wadanne hanyoyi ne kungiyar Freedom Movement ke ba mu? : Menene yawancin al'adun da muke so? : Menene yawancin al'adun da ba mu so? : Menene muke da shi da muke so mu kiyaye? == Shekara ta farko == An bude Makarantun 'Yanci a makon farko na Yuli shekarata 1964, bayan kusan malaman sa kai na Makarantar 'Yanci 250 sun halarci zaman horo na mako guda a Kwalejin Mata ta Yamma a Oxford, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . Shirye-shiryen na asali sun yi tsammanin Makarantun 'Yanci 25 da dalibai 1,000; a karshen bazara, an bude makarantu 41 ga dalibai sama da 2,500. An kafa Makarantun 'Yanci tare da taimako da jajircewar al'ummomin yankin, wadanda suka samar da gine-gine daban-daban na makarantu da gidaje ga malaman sa kai. Yayin da ake gudanar da wasu makarantun a wuraren shakatawa, dakunan girki, da gidajen zama, da kuma karkashin bishiyoyi, yawancin azuzuwan ana gudanar da su ne a cikin majami'u ko ginshiƙan coci. Halartar ta bambanta a duk lokacin bazara. Wasu makarantu sun sami daidaiton halarta, amma banda wannan. Saboda halartan taron bai zama tilas ba, daukar ma'aikata da kuma kula da zuwan kila shine kalubalen firamare da makarantun suka fuskanta. Kuma A Clarksdale, Mississippi, alal misali, matsakaicin yawan halartar dalibai a cikin makon farko ya kasance goma sha biyar, mako na biyu kuma takwas ne, amma a kowane lokaci a lokacin bazara, makarantar na iya samun halartar dalibai kusan talatin da biyar. Ba kasafai ba ne manya su rika zuwa aji akai-akai. An canza umarni bisa yanayin gida. A yankunan karkara da ake sa ran dalibai za su yi aiki a lokacin makaranta, yawanci ana yin karatu da daddare. A makarantun da ke kula da lokutan makaranta na al'ada, yawanci a cikin birane, ana ba da tsarin karatun zama dan kasa da kwasa-kwasan ilimi na gargajiya da safe kuma ana ba da azuzuwan na musamman kamar kida, wasan kwaikwayo, Kuma da buga rubutu da rana. A yawancin lokuta, za a kebe duk kwanakin makaranta don kokarin yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. Ya zama wajibi ga masu fafutuka na SNCC cewa za a saka hannun jari ga dalibai a ayyukan hakkin jama'a saboda ana sa ran wannan dalibai zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jihar don aiwatar da canjin zamantakewa. A ƙarshen lokacin Makarantar 'Yanci, masu fafutuka da dalibai sun shirya taron jagorancin dalibai a ranar 8 ga Agusta, shekarata 1964, ranar bayan jana'izar James Chaney, daya daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan Chaney, Goodman, da Schwerner . An gudanar da taron a Meridian, Mississippi, a tsohuwar Makarantar Baptist ta Meridian . An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "fadar da'irar Makarantar 'Yanci." Kowace Makarantar 'Yanci ta aika wakilai uku zuwa taron don samar da dandalin matasa don Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party. Wakilan daliban sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi ayyuka, makarantu, harkokin kasashen waje, da matsugunan jama'a tare da ba da shawarwari ga jam'iyyar jihar. A karshen taron, dalibai sun shirya wata sanarwa da ta bukaci samun masaukin jama'a, Kuma ka'idojin gine-gine na kowane gida, hadaddiyar makarantu, tsarin ayyukan jama'a, da kuma nada kwararrun baki zuwa mukaman jihohi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci da dalibai sun ci gaba da jajircewa kan manufar Makarantar 'Yanci. A farkon watan Agustan shekarata 1964, an shirya shirye-shiryen ci gaba da Makarantun 'Yanci a cikin shekarar makaranta mai zuwa, kuma wasu malaman sa kai sun riga sun amince su zauna. Dalibai sun yanke shawarar, duk da haka, yayin taron Makarantar 'Yanci a farkon watan Agusta don ba za su ci gaba da makarantun ba. Duk da haka dalibai sun aiwatar da jagoranci da gwagwarmayar da suka samu a lokacin bazara a makarantunsu. Wasu daliban sun koma makaranta kuma sun bukaci ingantattun kayan aiki da karin kwasa-kwasai. Dalibai a Philadelphia, Mississippi, sun dawo makaranta sanye da maballan "Mutum daya, Kuri'a daya" SNCC &#x2014; wanda aka kore su. == Makarantar Ranar Makarantar Freedom, Philadelphia == John E. Churchville ne ya kafa Laburaren 'Yanci na Philadelphia a shekarata 1964. A cikin Yan shekaru masu zuwa ya fara ba da azuzuwan yamma kuma daga karshe ya mai da dakin karatu zuwa makaranta. Bayan kafuwar wannan makaranta, ya shirya gajerun kasidu da aka buga a cikin littafin, ''What Black Educators Are Saying'', wanda [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/24/obituaries/nathan-wright-jr-black-power-advocate-dies-at-81.html Nathan Wright Jr. ya] shirya kuma aka buga a shekarata 1970. Wannan makala ta kunshi yawancin tunanin Churchville game da yanayin motsi na Black Power da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na koyarwa na sabuwar Makarantar 'Yanci. Ya raina ra'ayoyin duka kungiyoyin al'adu da masu ci gaban kasa a matsayin facade kuma ba hakora ba. A gare shi, Harkar kishin kasa ta juyin juya hali wacce ta yi kira ga cikakken juyin juya hali a nan da kuma ko'ina a doron kasa, ita ce mafi inganci da gaskiya ga ka'idojinta. Sun gano batutuwan cikin rukuni da na daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar bakar fata a Amurka kuma hanya daya tilo ta zama dan juyin juya hali da gaske ita ce ta sake haihuwa; wani iko na waje ya yi aiki wanda ya fara kawar da ku daga wadannan gazawar. Makarantun da kansu sun dogara ne akan tsari mai sauki na fifiko. Idan ilimi shine shigar matasa cikin tsarin akida, to dole ne Makarantar 'Yanci ta sake ilmantar da yaran bakaken fata su yi watsi da babbar akida tare da gina sabon tsari. Don yin wannan, kashi na farko na koyarwa da za a kafa dole ne ya zama sabuwar akidar makarantar. Bayan haka, Kuma dole ne a nemo malaman da za su iya dinke barakar da ke tsakanin asali da kuma ketare, kasancewar su darasi ne ga dalibansu na ciki da wajen aji. A karshe, an tsara tsarin karatun don bayyana ainihin halin da baƙar fata ke ciki da kuma koyar da kayan aiki da kwarewa don magance wannan gaskiyar. Tsarin karatun kamar yadda Churchville ya bayyana abin hawa ne kawai don koyar da gaskiyar juyin juya hali; abubuwan da ke ciki galibi basu da mahimmanci kamar yadda bincike ne wanda zai nuna gaskiyar. Hukumar FBI ta kai farmaki makarantar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarata 1966, bisa zargin tanada kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda. Bayan farmakin, Churchville ya daina fafutuka. == Gado == Za a iya ganin wani bangare na gadon Makarantar 'Yanci a cikin makarantun da ke rike da suna a yau: Akwesasne Freedom School a kan Mohawk Indian ajiyar ; Makarantun 'Yanci a St. Louis, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da [[Chicago]], Illinois, Tyree Scott Freedom School a Seattle, Washington, da Makarantar 'Yanci ta Paulo Freire a Tucson, Arizona. Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) yana gudanar da shirin Makarantar 'Yanci na zamani a duk fadin kasar. An hada wannan shirin ta hanyar bakar fata Al'umma na Crusade don Yara na Asusun Tsaro na Yara. Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF na kasa yana aiki sama da wuraren shirye-shiryen bazara 130 a cikin jihohi 24 a fadin kasar wadanda ke hidima ga yara kusan 12,000. A [[Michigan]] kungiyar Black Radical Congress a [[Detroit]] ta kaddamar da kamfen don kirkirar samfuri bisa ga Makarantun 'Yanci. Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia yunƙuyri ne na ilimin al'umma mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sigar zamani na tsarin karatun Mississippi tare da mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, Kuma aikin zamantakewa da jagoranci tsakanin tsararraki. Ana shirya Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2010-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419163246/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta hanyar hukumar jagora, Al'umma A Makarantu. <ref>http://www.cisphl.org</ref> Jami'ar 'Yanci [[Atlanta|ta Atlanta]], makarantar 'yanci ta zamani kuma makaranta ce kawai a cikin duniya inda duk dalibai ba su da takardar izinin shiga ba tare da izini ba, suna ba da kyauta na koyarwa, sannan tsarin karatun koleji na 'yanci wanda ke taimakawa matasa marasa izini su sami ilimi mafi girma. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ruleville, Mississippi * Gluckstadt, Mississippi * Carthage, Mississippi == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * William Sturkey da Jon N. Hale (eds. ), ''Don Rubuta cikin Hasken 'Yanci: Jaridu na Makarantun 'Yancin Mississippi na 1964.'' Jackson, MS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Mississippi, 2015. * Jon N. Hale, ''Makarantun 'Yanci: Masu fafutuka na dalibai a cikin Kungiyar Hakkin Bil'adama ta Mississippi'' . (New York: Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2016) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum] * [http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html/ Tarihin Makarantar 'Yanci ta Mississippi & Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203045010/http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 Darussa daga Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115163305/http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 |date=2017-01-15 }} ~ tallafin littafin karatu don nazarin Tsarin Makarantun 'Yanci na 1964 * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm Wurin Ilimi na Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091730/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm |date=2013-11-04 }} * [http://www.sfacs.us/ Sankofa Freedom Academy Charter School] * [http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html Bayani game da Bakin Al'umma Crusade ga Yara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030027/http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm Lokacin bazara da Makarantun 'Yanci] * [http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html Bayanin Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005845/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html |date=2008-04-22 }} * [http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Makarantun 'Yanci] ~ Taskar 'Yancin Jama'a * [http://chicagofreedomschool.org/ Makarantar 'Yanci ta Chicago] * [http://garyfreedomschool.org/ Makarantar Gary Freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002045/http://garyfreedomschool.org/ |date=2017-11-16 }} * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/sffreedomschool/ San Francisco Freedom School] * [http://www.sunflowerfreedom.org Aikin Yancin Yankin Sunflower] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kfvp3szb11sdhybm4rmj835wdli1gph 974974 974969 2026-11-01T19:04:43Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 974974 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Soldiers pay a special visit to about 300 children at Baghdad Airport Prima DVIDS10081.jpg|thumb|Makarantu masu yanci]] '''Makarantun Ƴanci''' sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|Amurkawa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cd14d4z14rko.amp&ved=2ahUKEwimo6-D8PuGAxW2WUEAHbh3DvcQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1QAeK_7xQYPB0tC6Nq_6zr</nowiki></ref>[[Afirkawan Amurka|, Afirka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/babban-jamiin-jks-ya-gana-da-tawagar-alkalai-daga-afrika/&ved=2ahUKEwjjvbGn8PuGAxXCaEEAHcs0AfcQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw349FxgdP9OCoBKS7yHKXjM</nowiki></ref> galibi a [[Kudu]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://aminiya.ng/abin-da-ke-hana-yan-arewa-cin-gajiyar-siyasa-a-kudu/&ved=2ahUKEwjs6p3J8PuGAxWaU0EAHQK7DUcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw1On7_irExTQtO79H5gWzlx</nowiki></ref>. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara [[Amurkawa]] na [[Afirka]] don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, [[siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1599283-ba-ku-tsoron-allah-malamin-musulunci-ya-kunyata-yan-siyasa-a-zaman-makokin-tsohon-gwamna/&ved=2ahUKEwi91-jk8PuGAxWyQ0EAHTUEAkYQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw1jK4heoBF9wUxoWu5qqZ36</nowiki></ref> da [[tattalin arziki]] a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964). == Tarihi == Duk da hukuncin Kotun Koli na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da huɗu (1954) a cikin ''Brown v.'' Shari'ar ''Hukumar Ilimi'' ta lalata tsarin makarantun kebe, a tsakiyar shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da sittin daidai 1960s Mississippi har yanzu tana kiyaye tsarin makarantar farare da "launi mara daidaituwa. A matsakaita, jihar ta kashe $81.66 don ilimantar da dalibi farar fata idan aka kwatanta da $21.77 kawai ga dalibi bakar fata. Mississippi ta kasance daya daga cikin jihohi biyu kacal a cikin kungiyar da ba su da dokar ilimi ta tilas kuma yara da yawa a yankunan karkara an tura su aiki a fagen kuma basu sami karancin ilimi kwata-kwataba. Hatta manhajar karatu ta banbanta na fari da baki. A matsayin misali na yau da kullun, hukumar makarantar farar fata ta Bolivar County ta ba da umarnin cewa "Ba za a koyar da harsunan waje ko al'ada a makarantun Negro ba. Kuma ba za a koyar da tarihin Amurka daga shekarata dubu daya da dari takwas da sottin 1860 zuwa shekarar dubu daya da dari takwas da saba'in da biyar 1875 ba." A karshen shekarata dubu daya da dari tara da sittin da daya 1963, Charles Cobb, mai fafutuka na Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), ya ba da shawarar kungiyar ta dauki nauyin hanyar sadarwa na Makarantun 'Yanci, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar misalan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su a baya a wasu garuruwa. A lokacin bazara na shekarata 1963, hukumar ilimi ta gundumar Prince Edward County, Virginia ta rufe makarantun jama'a maimakon hada su bayan an gurfanar da su a shari'ar da ta biyo bayan ''Brown vs.'' ''Hukumar Ilimi'', don haka Makarantun 'Yanci suka bullo a madadinsu. A cikin Satumba, shekarar dubu daya 1963, kimanin dalibai 3,000 ne suka halarci zanga-zangar Stay Out for [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|Freedom]] a [[Boston]], maimakon su halarci Makarantun 'Yanci na al'umma. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1963, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar 'Yanci, sama da dalibai 200,000 suka kaura cewa Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don nuna adawa da wariya da karancin yanayin makaranta, tare da wasu suna halartar Makarantun 'Yanci maimakon. Daga baya, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, shekarar 1964 a wata zanga-zangar ranar 'Yanci makamanciyar wannan, sama da dalibai 450,000 suka halarci kaura cewa makarantun jama'a na birnin New York a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girman zanga-zangar 'yancin dan adam na shekarata 1960s, kuma har zuwa dalibai 100,000 sun halarci madadin. Makarantun 'Yanci. == Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi == An habaka Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi a matsayin wani bangare na shekarata 1964 Freedom Summer yancin aikin, wani gagarumin kokari wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da ilmantar da daliban Mississippi don canjin zamantakewa. Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kasa (COFO) &#x2014; kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a na masu fafutuka da kudade da aka samo daga SNCC, CORE, NAACP, da SCLC &#x2014; a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, hadin gwiwar Freedom Summer. Ainihin aikin ya kasance yakin neman rajistar masu kada kuri’a a duk fadin jihar, kuma masu shirya zaben sun bukaci masu sa kai dubu daya su taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan aiki. Kuma Masu fafutuka sun yi shirin gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Demokradiyya mai kama da juna, saboda bakar fata masu jefa kuri'a cikin tsari ya haifar da wakilai masu farar fata zuwa Zaben shugaban kasa. Wadannan kokarce-kokarce sun kare a kirkirar Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party . Duka wakilan hukuma da Jam'iyyar Democratic Democratic Party ta Mississippi sun tafi taron a shekarata1964 na Democratic Democratic a Atlantic City, [[New Jersey]] . A cikin Disamba Shekarata 1963, a lokacin shirye-shiryen shirin bazara na 'Yanci mai zuwa, Charles Cobb ya ba da shawarar hanyar sadarwa ta "Makarantar 'Yanci" wacce za ta habaka shiga siyasa tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare na Mississippi, baya ga bayar da darussan ilimi da tattaunawa. Masu fafutuka da ke shirya aikin bazara na 'Yanci sun yarda da shawarar Cobb kuma a cikin Maris 1964 sun shirya taron tsara tsarin karatu a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a karkashin tallafin Majalisar Ikklisiya ta kasa . Farfesan tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman Staughton Lynd an nada shi Daraktan shirin Makarantar 'Yanci. A tsawon lokacin bazarar 'Yanci, an kafa Makarantun 'Yanci sama da 40 a cikin al'ummomin baki a duk fadin Mississippi. Manufar ita ce a yi kokarin kawo karshen kaura na siyasa na Amurkawa na Afirka ta hanyar karfafa dalibai su zama Yan kasa masu himma da shiga cikin al'umma a cikin al'umma. Sama da daliban Amurkawa 3,000 na Afirka sun halarci wadannan makarantu a lokacin rani na shekarata 1964. Dalibai sun kasance tun daga kanana yara zuwa manya masu matsakaicin shekaru 15. Malamai sun kasance masu aikin sa kai, yawancin su daliban koleji ne da kansu. <ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Freedom Schools] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> == Manufar siyasa da ilimi == An tsara Makarantun 'Yanci tare da manufofin siyasa da na ilimi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci za su ilimantar da daliban firamare da sakandare don zama wakilan canjin zamantakewa da za su shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a da ke gudana, galibi a kokarin rajistar masu zabe. Kuma An raba tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa sassa bakwai na asali wadanda suka yi nazarin yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin dangantakar kabilanci da kuma Kungiyar Hakkin Bil Adama. An karfafa habakar jagoranci, ban da karin kwarewar ilimi na gargajiya. Ilimin a Makarantun 'Yanci ya shafi dalibai ne kuma ya dace da al'ada. Sannan An gina manhajar karatu da koyarwa bisa bukatun daliban, an karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin dalibai da malamai (maimakon lacca) sannan masu tsara manhajoji sun karfafa wa malamai kwarin gwiwar yin koyarwa bisa kwarewar dalibansu. == Tsarin karatu == Bunkasa manhajar karatu ya ta’allaka ne da taron manhajar karatu, wanda ya kunshi malamai da daraktoci suna tattaunawa kan irin ilimin da za a koyar a makarantun ‘yanci. Dole ne malamai su rubuta jita-jita don tsara tsarin karatun su. An gaya musu su tuna yadda rayuwa take a Mississippi da dan gajeren lokacin da suke da shi don koyar da kayan. Dole ne tsarin karatun ya kasance mai son malamai kuma ya zama mai amfani ga dalibai nan da nan, tare da dogara kan tambayoyi da ayyuka. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tambayoyi da tattaunawa maimakon haddar gaskiya da kwanan wata. Kuma Umarnin ga malamai sun haɗa da: : Game da tsarin aji, tambaya shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Ba shi da ma'ana a cika daliban da bayanan da ba zai iya fahimta ba; tambaya ita ce hanyar wayewa. . . Darajar Makarantun 'Yanci za su samu ne daga abin da malamai ke iya ba wa dalibai ta fuskar fahimta da bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da taron manhajar ya tattaro Yan kasa na asali da asali daban-daban, kayyadaddun tsarin koyarwa na karshe ya kunshi abubuwa daga asali daban-daban kuma ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku. Bangarorin uku na manhajar Makarantun ‘Yanci su ne manhajar Ilimi, manhajar zama dan kasa, da Kuma manhajar nishadi. Manufar wadannan sassan shine don koya wa dalibai canjin zamantakewa a cikin makarantar; tarihin yanki; tarihin bakar fata; yadda ake amsa budaddiyar tambayoyi; da bunkasa fasahar ilimi. Manhajar Ilimi ta kunshi karatu, rubutu, da ayyukan baki wadanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da daliban ya samu. Tsarin karatun zama dan kasa shine don karfafa dalibai su yi tambayoyi game da al'umma. Tsarin Nishadi ya bukaci daliban ya kasance mai motsa jiki. A yawancin makarantu, Manhajar zama dan kasa ta mai da hankali kan nau'ikan tambayoyi biyu masu alaka don tattaunawar aji: : Me yasa muke (malamai da dalibai) a Makarantun 'Yanci? : Menene Kungiyar 'Yanci? : Wadanne hanyoyi ne kungiyar Freedom Movement ke ba mu? : Menene yawancin al'adun da muke so? : Menene yawancin al'adun da ba mu so? : Menene muke da shi da muke so mu kiyaye? == Shekara ta farko == An bude Makarantun 'Yanci a makon farko na Yuli shekarata 1964, bayan kusan malaman sa kai na Makarantar 'Yanci 250 sun halarci zaman horo na mako guda a Kwalejin Mata ta Yamma a Oxford, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . Shirye-shiryen na asali sun yi tsammanin Makarantun 'Yanci 25 da dalibai 1,000; a karshen bazara, an bude makarantu 41 ga dalibai sama da 2,500. An kafa Makarantun 'Yanci tare da taimako da jajircewar al'ummomin yankin, wadanda suka samar da gine-gine daban-daban na makarantu da gidaje ga malaman sa kai. Yayin da ake gudanar da wasu makarantun a wuraren shakatawa, dakunan girki, da gidajen zama, da kuma karkashin bishiyoyi, yawancin azuzuwan ana gudanar da su ne a cikin majami'u ko ginshiƙan coci. Halartar ta bambanta a duk lokacin bazara. Wasu makarantu sun sami daidaiton halarta, amma banda wannan. Saboda halartan taron bai zama tilas ba, daukar ma'aikata da kuma kula da zuwan kila shine kalubalen firamare da makarantun suka fuskanta. Kuma A Clarksdale, Mississippi, alal misali, matsakaicin yawan halartar dalibai a cikin makon farko ya kasance goma sha biyar, mako na biyu kuma takwas ne, amma a kowane lokaci a lokacin bazara, makarantar na iya samun halartar dalibai kusan talatin da biyar. Ba kasafai ba ne manya su rika zuwa aji akai-akai. An canza umarni bisa yanayin gida. A yankunan karkara da ake sa ran dalibai za su yi aiki a lokacin makaranta, yawanci ana yin karatu da daddare. A makarantun da ke kula da lokutan makaranta na al'ada, yawanci a cikin birane, ana ba da tsarin karatun zama dan kasa da kwasa-kwasan ilimi na gargajiya da safe kuma ana ba da azuzuwan na musamman kamar kida, wasan kwaikwayo, Kuma da buga rubutu da rana. A yawancin lokuta, za a kebe duk kwanakin makaranta don kokarin yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. Ya zama wajibi ga masu fafutuka na SNCC cewa za a saka hannun jari ga dalibai a ayyukan hakkin jama'a saboda ana sa ran wannan dalibai zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jihar don aiwatar da canjin zamantakewa. A ƙarshen lokacin Makarantar 'Yanci, masu fafutuka da dalibai sun shirya taron jagorancin dalibai a ranar 8 ga Agusta, shekarata 1964, ranar bayan jana'izar James Chaney, daya daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan Chaney, Goodman, da Schwerner . An gudanar da taron a Meridian, Mississippi, a tsohuwar Makarantar Baptist ta Meridian . An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "fadar da'irar Makarantar 'Yanci." Kowace Makarantar 'Yanci ta aika wakilai uku zuwa taron don samar da dandalin matasa don Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party. Wakilan daliban sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi ayyuka, makarantu, harkokin kasashen waje, da matsugunan jama'a tare da ba da shawarwari ga jam'iyyar jihar. A karshen taron, dalibai sun shirya wata sanarwa da ta bukaci samun masaukin jama'a, Kuma ka'idojin gine-gine na kowane gida, hadaddiyar makarantu, tsarin ayyukan jama'a, da kuma nada kwararrun baki zuwa mukaman jihohi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci da dalibai sun ci gaba da jajircewa kan manufar Makarantar 'Yanci. A farkon watan Agustan shekarata 1964, an shirya shirye-shiryen ci gaba da Makarantun 'Yanci a cikin shekarar makaranta mai zuwa, kuma wasu malaman sa kai sun riga sun amince su zauna. Dalibai sun yanke shawarar, duk da haka, yayin taron Makarantar 'Yanci a farkon watan Agusta don ba za su ci gaba da makarantun ba. Duk da haka dalibai sun aiwatar da jagoranci da gwagwarmayar da suka samu a lokacin bazara a makarantunsu. Wasu daliban sun koma makaranta kuma sun bukaci ingantattun kayan aiki da karin kwasa-kwasai. Dalibai a Philadelphia, Mississippi, sun dawo makaranta sanye da maballan "Mutum daya, Kuri'a daya" SNCC &#x2014; wanda aka kore su. == Makarantar Ranar Makarantar Freedom, Philadelphia == John E. Churchville ne ya kafa Laburaren 'Yanci na Philadelphia a shekarata 1964. A cikin Yan shekaru masu zuwa ya fara ba da azuzuwan yamma kuma daga karshe ya mai da dakin karatu zuwa makaranta. Bayan kafuwar wannan makaranta, ya shirya gajerun kasidu da aka buga a cikin littafin, ''What Black Educators Are Saying'', wanda [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/24/obituaries/nathan-wright-jr-black-power-advocate-dies-at-81.html Nathan Wright Jr. ya] shirya kuma aka buga a shekarata 1970. Wannan makala ta kunshi yawancin tunanin Churchville game da yanayin motsi na Black Power da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na koyarwa na sabuwar Makarantar 'Yanci. Ya raina ra'ayoyin duka kungiyoyin al'adu da masu ci gaban kasa a matsayin facade kuma ba hakora ba. A gare shi, Harkar kishin kasa ta juyin juya hali wacce ta yi kira ga cikakken juyin juya hali a nan da kuma ko'ina a doron kasa, ita ce mafi inganci da gaskiya ga ka'idojinta. Sun gano batutuwan cikin rukuni da na daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar bakar fata a Amurka kuma hanya daya tilo ta zama dan juyin juya hali da gaske ita ce ta sake haihuwa; wani iko na waje ya yi aiki wanda ya fara kawar da ku daga wadannan gazawar. Makarantun da kansu sun dogara ne akan tsari mai sauki na fifiko. Idan ilimi shine shigar matasa cikin tsarin akida, to dole ne Makarantar 'Yanci ta sake ilmantar da yaran bakaken fata su yi watsi da babbar akida tare da gina sabon tsari. Don yin wannan, kashi na farko na koyarwa da za a kafa dole ne ya zama sabuwar akidar makarantar. Bayan haka, Kuma dole ne a nemo malaman da za su iya dinke barakar da ke tsakanin asali da kuma ketare, kasancewar su darasi ne ga dalibansu na ciki da wajen aji. A karshe, an tsara tsarin karatun don bayyana ainihin halin da baƙar fata ke ciki da kuma koyar da kayan aiki da kwarewa don magance wannan gaskiyar. Tsarin karatun kamar yadda Churchville ya bayyana abin hawa ne kawai don koyar da gaskiyar juyin juya hali; abubuwan da ke ciki galibi basu da mahimmanci kamar yadda bincike ne wanda zai nuna gaskiyar. Hukumar FBI ta kai farmaki makarantar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarata 1966, bisa zargin tanada kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda. Bayan farmakin, Churchville ya daina fafutuka. == Gado == Za a iya ganin wani bangare na gadon Makarantar 'Yanci a cikin makarantun da ke rike da suna a yau: Akwesasne Freedom School a kan Mohawk Indian ajiyar ; Makarantun 'Yanci a St. Louis, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da [[Chicago]], Illinois, Tyree Scott Freedom School a Seattle, Washington, da Makarantar 'Yanci ta Paulo Freire a Tucson, Arizona. Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) yana gudanar da shirin Makarantar 'Yanci na zamani a duk fadin kasar. An hada wannan shirin ta hanyar bakar fata Al'umma na Crusade don Yara na Asusun Tsaro na Yara. Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF na kasa yana aiki sama da wuraren shirye-shiryen bazara 130 a cikin jihohi 24 a fadin kasar wadanda ke hidima ga yara kusan 12,000. A [[Michigan]] kungiyar Black Radical Congress a [[Detroit]] ta kaddamar da kamfen don kirkirar samfuri bisa ga Makarantun 'Yanci. Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia yunƙuyri ne na ilimin al'umma mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sigar zamani na tsarin karatun Mississippi tare da mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, Kuma aikin zamantakewa da jagoranci tsakanin tsararraki. Ana shirya Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2010-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419163246/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta hanyar hukumar jagora, Al'umma A Makarantu. <ref>http://www.cisphl.org</ref> Jami'ar 'Yanci [[Atlanta|ta Atlanta]], makarantar 'yanci ta zamani kuma makaranta ce kawai a cikin duniya inda duk dalibai ba su da takardar izinin shiga ba tare da izini ba, suna ba da kyauta na koyarwa, sannan tsarin karatun koleji na 'yanci wanda ke taimakawa matasa marasa izini su sami ilimi mafi girma. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ruleville, Mississippi * Gluckstadt, Mississippi * Carthage, Mississippi == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * William Sturkey da Jon N. Hale (eds. ), ''Don Rubuta cikin Hasken 'Yanci: Jaridu na Makarantun 'Yancin Mississippi na 1964.'' Jackson, MS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Mississippi, 2015. * Jon N. Hale, ''Makarantun 'Yanci: Masu fafutuka na dalibai a cikin Kungiyar Hakkin Bil'adama ta Mississippi'' . (New York: Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2016) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum] * [http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html/ Tarihin Makarantar 'Yanci ta Mississippi & Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203045010/http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 Darussa daga Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115163305/http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 |date=2017-01-15 }} ~ tallafin littafin karatu don nazarin Tsarin Makarantun 'Yanci na 1964 * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm Wurin Ilimi na Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091730/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm |date=2013-11-04 }} * [http://www.sfacs.us/ Sankofa Freedom Academy Charter School] * [http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html Bayani game da Bakin Al'umma Crusade ga Yara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030027/http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm Lokacin bazara da Makarantun 'Yanci] * [http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html Bayanin Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005845/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html |date=2008-04-22 }} * [http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Makarantun 'Yanci] ~ Taskar 'Yancin Jama'a * [http://chicagofreedomschool.org/ Makarantar 'Yanci ta Chicago] * [http://garyfreedomschool.org/ Makarantar Gary Freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002045/http://garyfreedomschool.org/ |date=2017-11-16 }} * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/sffreedomschool/ San Francisco Freedom School] * [http://www.sunflowerfreedom.org Aikin Yancin Yankin Sunflower] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] eh9gatl6dkn85wg8uh3cmr5ehk9oqj7 974975 974974 2026-11-01T19:06:59Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 974975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Soldiers pay a special visit to about 300 children at Baghdad Airport Prima DVIDS10081.jpg|thumb|Makarantu masu yanci]] '''Makarantun Ƴanci''' sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|Amurkawa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cd14d4z14rko.amp&ved=2ahUKEwimo6-D8PuGAxW2WUEAHbh3DvcQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1QAeK_7xQYPB0tC6Nq_6zr</nowiki></ref>[[Afirkawan Amurka|, Afirka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/babban-jamiin-jks-ya-gana-da-tawagar-alkalai-daga-afrika/&ved=2ahUKEwjjvbGn8PuGAxXCaEEAHcs0AfcQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw349FxgdP9OCoBKS7yHKXjM</nowiki></ref> galibi a [[Kudu]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://aminiya.ng/abin-da-ke-hana-yan-arewa-cin-gajiyar-siyasa-a-kudu/&ved=2ahUKEwjs6p3J8PuGAxWaU0EAHQK7DUcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw1On7_irExTQtO79H5gWzlx</nowiki></ref>. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara [[Amurkawa]] na [[Afirka]] don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, [[siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1599283-ba-ku-tsoron-allah-malamin-musulunci-ya-kunyata-yan-siyasa-a-zaman-makokin-tsohon-gwamna/&ved=2ahUKEwi91-jk8PuGAxWyQ0EAHTUEAkYQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw1jK4heoBF9wUxoWu5qqZ36</nowiki></ref> da [[tattalin arziki]] a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964). == Tarihi == Duk da hukuncin Kotun Koli na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da huɗu (1954) a cikin ''Brown v.'' Shari'ar ''Hukumar Ilimi'' ta lalata tsarin makarantun kebe, a tsakiyar shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da sittin daidai 1960s Mississippi har yanzu tana kiyaye tsarin makarantar farare da "launi mara daidaituwa. A matsakaita, jihar ta kashe $81.66 don ilimantar da dalibi farar fata idan aka kwatanta da $21.77 kawai ga dalibi bakar fata. Mississippi ta kasance daya daga cikin jihohi biyu kacal a cikin kungiyar da ba su da dokar ilimi ta tilas kuma yara da yawa a yankunan karkara an tura su aiki a fagen kuma basu sami karancin ilimi kwata-kwataba. Hatta manhajar karatu ta banbanta na fari da baki. A matsayin misali na yau da kullun, hukumar makarantar farar fata ta Bolivar County ta ba da umarnin cewa "Ba za a koyar da harsunan waje ko al'ada a makarantun Negro ba. Kuma ba za a koyar da tarihin Amurka daga shekarata dubu daya da dari takwas da sottin 1860 zuwa shekarar dubu daya da dari takwas da saba'in da biyar 1875 ba." A karshen shekarata dubu daya da dari tara da sittin da daya 1963, Charles Cobb, mai fafutuka na Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), ya ba da shawarar kungiyar ta dauki nauyin hanyar sadarwa na Makarantun 'Yanci, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar misalan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su a baya a wasu garuruwa. A lokacin bazara na shekarata dubu daya 1963, hukumar ilimi ta gundumar Prince Edward County, Virginia ta rufe makarantun jama'a maimakon hada su bayan an gurfanar da su a shari'ar da ta biyo bayan ''Brown vs.'' ''Hukumar Ilimi'', don haka Makarantun 'Yanci suka bullo a madadinsu. A cikin Satumba, shekarar dubu daya 1963, kimanin dalibai 3,000 ne suka halarci zanga-zangar Stay Out for [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|Freedom]] a [[Boston]], maimakon su halarci Makarantun 'Yanci na al'umma. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1963, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar 'Yanci, sama da dalibai 200,000 suka kaura cewa Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don nuna adawa da wariya da karancin yanayin makaranta, tare da wasu suna halartar Makarantun 'Yanci maimakon. Daga baya, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, shekarar 1964 a wata zanga-zangar ranar 'Yanci makamanciyar wannan, sama da dalibai 450,000 suka halarci kaura cewa makarantun jama'a na birnin New York a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girman zanga-zangar 'yancin dan adam na shekarata 1960s, kuma har zuwa dalibai 100,000 sun halarci madadin. Makarantun 'Yanci. == Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi == An habaka Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi a matsayin wani bangare na shekarata 1964 Freedom Summer yancin aikin, wani gagarumin kokari wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da ilmantar da daliban Mississippi don canjin zamantakewa. Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kasa (COFO) &#x2014; kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a na masu fafutuka da kudade da aka samo daga SNCC, CORE, NAACP, da SCLC &#x2014; a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, hadin gwiwar Freedom Summer. Ainihin aikin ya kasance yakin neman rajistar masu kada kuri’a a duk fadin jihar, kuma masu shirya zaben sun bukaci masu sa kai dubu daya su taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan aiki. Kuma Masu fafutuka sun yi shirin gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Demokradiyya mai kama da juna, saboda bakar fata masu jefa kuri'a cikin tsari ya haifar da wakilai masu farar fata zuwa Zaben shugaban kasa. Wadannan kokarce-kokarce sun kare a kirkirar Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party . Duka wakilan hukuma da Jam'iyyar Democratic Democratic Party ta Mississippi sun tafi taron a shekarata1964 na Democratic Democratic a Atlantic City, [[New Jersey]] . A cikin Disamba Shekarata 1963, a lokacin shirye-shiryen shirin bazara na 'Yanci mai zuwa, Charles Cobb ya ba da shawarar hanyar sadarwa ta "Makarantar 'Yanci" wacce za ta habaka shiga siyasa tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare na Mississippi, baya ga bayar da darussan ilimi da tattaunawa. Masu fafutuka da ke shirya aikin bazara na 'Yanci sun yarda da shawarar Cobb kuma a cikin Maris 1964 sun shirya taron tsara tsarin karatu a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a karkashin tallafin Majalisar Ikklisiya ta kasa . Farfesan tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman Staughton Lynd an nada shi Daraktan shirin Makarantar 'Yanci. A tsawon lokacin bazarar 'Yanci, an kafa Makarantun 'Yanci sama da 40 a cikin al'ummomin baki a duk fadin Mississippi. Manufar ita ce a yi kokarin kawo karshen kaura na siyasa na Amurkawa na Afirka ta hanyar karfafa dalibai su zama Yan kasa masu himma da shiga cikin al'umma a cikin al'umma. Sama da daliban Amurkawa 3,000 na Afirka sun halarci wadannan makarantu a lokacin rani na shekarata 1964. Dalibai sun kasance tun daga kanana yara zuwa manya masu matsakaicin shekaru 15. Malamai sun kasance masu aikin sa kai, yawancin su daliban koleji ne da kansu. <ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Freedom Schools] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> == Manufar siyasa da ilimi == An tsara Makarantun 'Yanci tare da manufofin siyasa da na ilimi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci za su ilimantar da daliban firamare da sakandare don zama wakilan canjin zamantakewa da za su shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a da ke gudana, galibi a kokarin rajistar masu zabe. Kuma An raba tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa sassa bakwai na asali wadanda suka yi nazarin yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin dangantakar kabilanci da kuma Kungiyar Hakkin Bil Adama. An karfafa habakar jagoranci, ban da karin kwarewar ilimi na gargajiya. Ilimin a Makarantun 'Yanci ya shafi dalibai ne kuma ya dace da al'ada. Sannan An gina manhajar karatu da koyarwa bisa bukatun daliban, an karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin dalibai da malamai (maimakon lacca) sannan masu tsara manhajoji sun karfafa wa malamai kwarin gwiwar yin koyarwa bisa kwarewar dalibansu. == Tsarin karatu == Bunkasa manhajar karatu ya ta’allaka ne da taron manhajar karatu, wanda ya kunshi malamai da daraktoci suna tattaunawa kan irin ilimin da za a koyar a makarantun ‘yanci. Dole ne malamai su rubuta jita-jita don tsara tsarin karatun su. An gaya musu su tuna yadda rayuwa take a Mississippi da dan gajeren lokacin da suke da shi don koyar da kayan. Dole ne tsarin karatun ya kasance mai son malamai kuma ya zama mai amfani ga dalibai nan da nan, tare da dogara kan tambayoyi da ayyuka. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tambayoyi da tattaunawa maimakon haddar gaskiya da kwanan wata. Kuma Umarnin ga malamai sun haɗa da: : Game da tsarin aji, tambaya shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Ba shi da ma'ana a cika daliban da bayanan da ba zai iya fahimta ba; tambaya ita ce hanyar wayewa. . . Darajar Makarantun 'Yanci za su samu ne daga abin da malamai ke iya ba wa dalibai ta fuskar fahimta da bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da taron manhajar ya tattaro Yan kasa na asali da asali daban-daban, kayyadaddun tsarin koyarwa na karshe ya kunshi abubuwa daga asali daban-daban kuma ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku. Bangarorin uku na manhajar Makarantun ‘Yanci su ne manhajar Ilimi, manhajar zama dan kasa, da Kuma manhajar nishadi. Manufar wadannan sassan shine don koya wa dalibai canjin zamantakewa a cikin makarantar; tarihin yanki; tarihin bakar fata; yadda ake amsa budaddiyar tambayoyi; da bunkasa fasahar ilimi. Manhajar Ilimi ta kunshi karatu, rubutu, da ayyukan baki wadanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da daliban ya samu. Tsarin karatun zama dan kasa shine don karfafa dalibai su yi tambayoyi game da al'umma. Tsarin Nishadi ya bukaci daliban ya kasance mai motsa jiki. A yawancin makarantu, Manhajar zama dan kasa ta mai da hankali kan nau'ikan tambayoyi biyu masu alaka don tattaunawar aji: : Me yasa muke (malamai da dalibai) a Makarantun 'Yanci? : Menene Kungiyar 'Yanci? : Wadanne hanyoyi ne kungiyar Freedom Movement ke ba mu? : Menene yawancin al'adun da muke so? : Menene yawancin al'adun da ba mu so? : Menene muke da shi da muke so mu kiyaye? == Shekara ta farko == An bude Makarantun 'Yanci a makon farko na Yuli shekarata 1964, bayan kusan malaman sa kai na Makarantar 'Yanci 250 sun halarci zaman horo na mako guda a Kwalejin Mata ta Yamma a Oxford, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . Shirye-shiryen na asali sun yi tsammanin Makarantun 'Yanci 25 da dalibai 1,000; a karshen bazara, an bude makarantu 41 ga dalibai sama da 2,500. An kafa Makarantun 'Yanci tare da taimako da jajircewar al'ummomin yankin, wadanda suka samar da gine-gine daban-daban na makarantu da gidaje ga malaman sa kai. Yayin da ake gudanar da wasu makarantun a wuraren shakatawa, dakunan girki, da gidajen zama, da kuma karkashin bishiyoyi, yawancin azuzuwan ana gudanar da su ne a cikin majami'u ko ginshiƙan coci. Halartar ta bambanta a duk lokacin bazara. Wasu makarantu sun sami daidaiton halarta, amma banda wannan. Saboda halartan taron bai zama tilas ba, daukar ma'aikata da kuma kula da zuwan kila shine kalubalen firamare da makarantun suka fuskanta. Kuma A Clarksdale, Mississippi, alal misali, matsakaicin yawan halartar dalibai a cikin makon farko ya kasance goma sha biyar, mako na biyu kuma takwas ne, amma a kowane lokaci a lokacin bazara, makarantar na iya samun halartar dalibai kusan talatin da biyar. Ba kasafai ba ne manya su rika zuwa aji akai-akai. An canza umarni bisa yanayin gida. A yankunan karkara da ake sa ran dalibai za su yi aiki a lokacin makaranta, yawanci ana yin karatu da daddare. A makarantun da ke kula da lokutan makaranta na al'ada, yawanci a cikin birane, ana ba da tsarin karatun zama dan kasa da kwasa-kwasan ilimi na gargajiya da safe kuma ana ba da azuzuwan na musamman kamar kida, wasan kwaikwayo, Kuma da buga rubutu da rana. A yawancin lokuta, za a kebe duk kwanakin makaranta don kokarin yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. Ya zama wajibi ga masu fafutuka na SNCC cewa za a saka hannun jari ga dalibai a ayyukan hakkin jama'a saboda ana sa ran wannan dalibai zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jihar don aiwatar da canjin zamantakewa. A ƙarshen lokacin Makarantar 'Yanci, masu fafutuka da dalibai sun shirya taron jagorancin dalibai a ranar 8 ga Agusta, shekarata 1964, ranar bayan jana'izar James Chaney, daya daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan Chaney, Goodman, da Schwerner . An gudanar da taron a Meridian, Mississippi, a tsohuwar Makarantar Baptist ta Meridian . An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "fadar da'irar Makarantar 'Yanci." Kowace Makarantar 'Yanci ta aika wakilai uku zuwa taron don samar da dandalin matasa don Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party. Wakilan daliban sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi ayyuka, makarantu, harkokin kasashen waje, da matsugunan jama'a tare da ba da shawarwari ga jam'iyyar jihar. A karshen taron, dalibai sun shirya wata sanarwa da ta bukaci samun masaukin jama'a, Kuma ka'idojin gine-gine na kowane gida, hadaddiyar makarantu, tsarin ayyukan jama'a, da kuma nada kwararrun baki zuwa mukaman jihohi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci da dalibai sun ci gaba da jajircewa kan manufar Makarantar 'Yanci. A farkon watan Agustan shekarata 1964, an shirya shirye-shiryen ci gaba da Makarantun 'Yanci a cikin shekarar makaranta mai zuwa, kuma wasu malaman sa kai sun riga sun amince su zauna. Dalibai sun yanke shawarar, duk da haka, yayin taron Makarantar 'Yanci a farkon watan Agusta don ba za su ci gaba da makarantun ba. Duk da haka dalibai sun aiwatar da jagoranci da gwagwarmayar da suka samu a lokacin bazara a makarantunsu. Wasu daliban sun koma makaranta kuma sun bukaci ingantattun kayan aiki da karin kwasa-kwasai. Dalibai a Philadelphia, Mississippi, sun dawo makaranta sanye da maballan "Mutum daya, Kuri'a daya" SNCC &#x2014; wanda aka kore su. == Makarantar Ranar Makarantar Freedom, Philadelphia == John E. Churchville ne ya kafa Laburaren 'Yanci na Philadelphia a shekarata 1964. A cikin Yan shekaru masu zuwa ya fara ba da azuzuwan yamma kuma daga karshe ya mai da dakin karatu zuwa makaranta. Bayan kafuwar wannan makaranta, ya shirya gajerun kasidu da aka buga a cikin littafin, ''What Black Educators Are Saying'', wanda [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/24/obituaries/nathan-wright-jr-black-power-advocate-dies-at-81.html Nathan Wright Jr. ya] shirya kuma aka buga a shekarata 1970. Wannan makala ta kunshi yawancin tunanin Churchville game da yanayin motsi na Black Power da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na koyarwa na sabuwar Makarantar 'Yanci. Ya raina ra'ayoyin duka kungiyoyin al'adu da masu ci gaban kasa a matsayin facade kuma ba hakora ba. A gare shi, Harkar kishin kasa ta juyin juya hali wacce ta yi kira ga cikakken juyin juya hali a nan da kuma ko'ina a doron kasa, ita ce mafi inganci da gaskiya ga ka'idojinta. Sun gano batutuwan cikin rukuni da na daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar bakar fata a Amurka kuma hanya daya tilo ta zama dan juyin juya hali da gaske ita ce ta sake haihuwa; wani iko na waje ya yi aiki wanda ya fara kawar da ku daga wadannan gazawar. Makarantun da kansu sun dogara ne akan tsari mai sauki na fifiko. Idan ilimi shine shigar matasa cikin tsarin akida, to dole ne Makarantar 'Yanci ta sake ilmantar da yaran bakaken fata su yi watsi da babbar akida tare da gina sabon tsari. Don yin wannan, kashi na farko na koyarwa da za a kafa dole ne ya zama sabuwar akidar makarantar. Bayan haka, Kuma dole ne a nemo malaman da za su iya dinke barakar da ke tsakanin asali da kuma ketare, kasancewar su darasi ne ga dalibansu na ciki da wajen aji. A karshe, an tsara tsarin karatun don bayyana ainihin halin da baƙar fata ke ciki da kuma koyar da kayan aiki da kwarewa don magance wannan gaskiyar. Tsarin karatun kamar yadda Churchville ya bayyana abin hawa ne kawai don koyar da gaskiyar juyin juya hali; abubuwan da ke ciki galibi basu da mahimmanci kamar yadda bincike ne wanda zai nuna gaskiyar. Hukumar FBI ta kai farmaki makarantar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarata 1966, bisa zargin tanada kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda. Bayan farmakin, Churchville ya daina fafutuka. == Gado == Za a iya ganin wani bangare na gadon Makarantar 'Yanci a cikin makarantun da ke rike da suna a yau: Akwesasne Freedom School a kan Mohawk Indian ajiyar ; Makarantun 'Yanci a St. Louis, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da [[Chicago]], Illinois, Tyree Scott Freedom School a Seattle, Washington, da Makarantar 'Yanci ta Paulo Freire a Tucson, Arizona. Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) yana gudanar da shirin Makarantar 'Yanci na zamani a duk fadin kasar. An hada wannan shirin ta hanyar bakar fata Al'umma na Crusade don Yara na Asusun Tsaro na Yara. Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF na kasa yana aiki sama da wuraren shirye-shiryen bazara 130 a cikin jihohi 24 a fadin kasar wadanda ke hidima ga yara kusan 12,000. A [[Michigan]] kungiyar Black Radical Congress a [[Detroit]] ta kaddamar da kamfen don kirkirar samfuri bisa ga Makarantun 'Yanci. Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia yunƙuyri ne na ilimin al'umma mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sigar zamani na tsarin karatun Mississippi tare da mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, Kuma aikin zamantakewa da jagoranci tsakanin tsararraki. Ana shirya Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2010-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419163246/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta hanyar hukumar jagora, Al'umma A Makarantu. <ref>http://www.cisphl.org</ref> Jami'ar 'Yanci [[Atlanta|ta Atlanta]], makarantar 'yanci ta zamani kuma makaranta ce kawai a cikin duniya inda duk dalibai ba su da takardar izinin shiga ba tare da izini ba, suna ba da kyauta na koyarwa, sannan tsarin karatun koleji na 'yanci wanda ke taimakawa matasa marasa izini su sami ilimi mafi girma. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ruleville, Mississippi * Gluckstadt, Mississippi * Carthage, Mississippi == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * William Sturkey da Jon N. Hale (eds. ), ''Don Rubuta cikin Hasken 'Yanci: Jaridu na Makarantun 'Yancin Mississippi na 1964.'' Jackson, MS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Mississippi, 2015. * Jon N. Hale, ''Makarantun 'Yanci: Masu fafutuka na dalibai a cikin Kungiyar Hakkin Bil'adama ta Mississippi'' . (New York: Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2016) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum] * [http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html/ Tarihin Makarantar 'Yanci ta Mississippi & Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203045010/http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 Darussa daga Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115163305/http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 |date=2017-01-15 }} ~ tallafin littafin karatu don nazarin Tsarin Makarantun 'Yanci na 1964 * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm Wurin Ilimi na Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091730/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm |date=2013-11-04 }} * [http://www.sfacs.us/ Sankofa Freedom Academy Charter School] * [http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html Bayani game da Bakin Al'umma Crusade ga Yara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030027/http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm Lokacin bazara da Makarantun 'Yanci] * [http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html Bayanin Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005845/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html |date=2008-04-22 }} * [http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Makarantun 'Yanci] ~ Taskar 'Yancin Jama'a * [http://chicagofreedomschool.org/ Makarantar 'Yanci ta Chicago] * [http://garyfreedomschool.org/ Makarantar Gary Freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002045/http://garyfreedomschool.org/ |date=2017-11-16 }} * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/sffreedomschool/ San Francisco Freedom School] * [http://www.sunflowerfreedom.org Aikin Yancin Yankin Sunflower] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4wdgu1qauryhxv8we4cihat54s3shl6 974976 974975 2026-11-01T19:07:33Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 974976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Soldiers pay a special visit to about 300 children at Baghdad Airport Prima DVIDS10081.jpg|thumb|Makarantu masu yanci]] '''Makarantun Ƴanci''' sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|Amurkawa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cd14d4z14rko.amp&ved=2ahUKEwimo6-D8PuGAxW2WUEAHbh3DvcQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1QAeK_7xQYPB0tC6Nq_6zr</nowiki></ref>[[Afirkawan Amurka|, Afirka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/babban-jamiin-jks-ya-gana-da-tawagar-alkalai-daga-afrika/&ved=2ahUKEwjjvbGn8PuGAxXCaEEAHcs0AfcQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw349FxgdP9OCoBKS7yHKXjM</nowiki></ref> galibi a [[Kudu]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://aminiya.ng/abin-da-ke-hana-yan-arewa-cin-gajiyar-siyasa-a-kudu/&ved=2ahUKEwjs6p3J8PuGAxWaU0EAHQK7DUcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw1On7_irExTQtO79H5gWzlx</nowiki></ref>. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara [[Amurkawa]] na [[Afirka]] don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, [[siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1599283-ba-ku-tsoron-allah-malamin-musulunci-ya-kunyata-yan-siyasa-a-zaman-makokin-tsohon-gwamna/&ved=2ahUKEwi91-jk8PuGAxWyQ0EAHTUEAkYQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw1jK4heoBF9wUxoWu5qqZ36</nowiki></ref> da [[tattalin arziki]] a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964). == Tarihi == Duk da hukuncin Kotun Koli na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da huɗu (1954) a cikin ''Brown v.'' Shari'ar ''Hukumar Ilimi'' ta lalata tsarin makarantun kebe, a tsakiyar shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da sittin daidai 1960s Mississippi har yanzu tana kiyaye tsarin makarantar farare da "launi mara daidaituwa. A matsakaita, jihar ta kashe $81.66 don ilimantar da dalibi farar fata idan aka kwatanta da $21.77 kawai ga dalibi bakar fata. Mississippi ta kasance daya daga cikin jihohi biyu kacal a cikin kungiyar da ba su da dokar ilimi ta tilas kuma yara da yawa a yankunan karkara an tura su aiki a fagen kuma basu sami karancin ilimi kwata-kwataba. Hatta manhajar karatu ta banbanta na fari da baki. A matsayin misali na yau da kullun, hukumar makarantar farar fata ta Bolivar County ta ba da umarnin cewa "Ba za a koyar da harsunan waje ko al'ada a makarantun Negro ba. Kuma ba za a koyar da tarihin Amurka daga shekarata dubu daya da dari takwas da sottin 1860 zuwa shekarar dubu daya da dari takwas da saba'in da biyar 1875 ba." A karshen shekarata dubu daya da dari tara da sittin da daya da dari 1963, Charles Cobb, mai fafutuka na Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), ya ba da shawarar kungiyar ta dauki nauyin hanyar sadarwa na Makarantun 'Yanci, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar misalan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su a baya a wasu garuruwa. A lokacin bazara na shekarata dubu daya 1963, hukumar ilimi ta gundumar Prince Edward County, Virginia ta rufe makarantun jama'a maimakon hada su bayan an gurfanar da su a shari'ar da ta biyo bayan ''Brown vs.'' ''Hukumar Ilimi'', don haka Makarantun 'Yanci suka bullo a madadinsu. A cikin Satumba, shekarar dubu daya 1963, kimanin dalibai 3,000 ne suka halarci zanga-zangar Stay Out for [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|Freedom]] a [[Boston]], maimakon su halarci Makarantun 'Yanci na al'umma. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1963, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar 'Yanci, sama da dalibai 200,000 suka kaura cewa Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don nuna adawa da wariya da karancin yanayin makaranta, tare da wasu suna halartar Makarantun 'Yanci maimakon. Daga baya, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, shekarar 1964 a wata zanga-zangar ranar 'Yanci makamanciyar wannan, sama da dalibai 450,000 suka halarci kaura cewa makarantun jama'a na birnin New York a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girman zanga-zangar 'yancin dan adam na shekarata 1960s, kuma har zuwa dalibai 100,000 sun halarci madadin. Makarantun 'Yanci. == Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi == An habaka Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi a matsayin wani bangare na shekarata 1964 Freedom Summer yancin aikin, wani gagarumin kokari wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da ilmantar da daliban Mississippi don canjin zamantakewa. Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kasa (COFO) &#x2014; kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a na masu fafutuka da kudade da aka samo daga SNCC, CORE, NAACP, da SCLC &#x2014; a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, hadin gwiwar Freedom Summer. Ainihin aikin ya kasance yakin neman rajistar masu kada kuri’a a duk fadin jihar, kuma masu shirya zaben sun bukaci masu sa kai dubu daya su taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan aiki. Kuma Masu fafutuka sun yi shirin gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Demokradiyya mai kama da juna, saboda bakar fata masu jefa kuri'a cikin tsari ya haifar da wakilai masu farar fata zuwa Zaben shugaban kasa. Wadannan kokarce-kokarce sun kare a kirkirar Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party . Duka wakilan hukuma da Jam'iyyar Democratic Democratic Party ta Mississippi sun tafi taron a shekarata1964 na Democratic Democratic a Atlantic City, [[New Jersey]] . A cikin Disamba Shekarata 1963, a lokacin shirye-shiryen shirin bazara na 'Yanci mai zuwa, Charles Cobb ya ba da shawarar hanyar sadarwa ta "Makarantar 'Yanci" wacce za ta habaka shiga siyasa tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare na Mississippi, baya ga bayar da darussan ilimi da tattaunawa. Masu fafutuka da ke shirya aikin bazara na 'Yanci sun yarda da shawarar Cobb kuma a cikin Maris 1964 sun shirya taron tsara tsarin karatu a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a karkashin tallafin Majalisar Ikklisiya ta kasa . Farfesan tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman Staughton Lynd an nada shi Daraktan shirin Makarantar 'Yanci. A tsawon lokacin bazarar 'Yanci, an kafa Makarantun 'Yanci sama da 40 a cikin al'ummomin baki a duk fadin Mississippi. Manufar ita ce a yi kokarin kawo karshen kaura na siyasa na Amurkawa na Afirka ta hanyar karfafa dalibai su zama Yan kasa masu himma da shiga cikin al'umma a cikin al'umma. Sama da daliban Amurkawa 3,000 na Afirka sun halarci wadannan makarantu a lokacin rani na shekarata 1964. Dalibai sun kasance tun daga kanana yara zuwa manya masu matsakaicin shekaru 15. Malamai sun kasance masu aikin sa kai, yawancin su daliban koleji ne da kansu. <ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Freedom Schools] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> == Manufar siyasa da ilimi == An tsara Makarantun 'Yanci tare da manufofin siyasa da na ilimi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci za su ilimantar da daliban firamare da sakandare don zama wakilan canjin zamantakewa da za su shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a da ke gudana, galibi a kokarin rajistar masu zabe. Kuma An raba tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa sassa bakwai na asali wadanda suka yi nazarin yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin dangantakar kabilanci da kuma Kungiyar Hakkin Bil Adama. An karfafa habakar jagoranci, ban da karin kwarewar ilimi na gargajiya. Ilimin a Makarantun 'Yanci ya shafi dalibai ne kuma ya dace da al'ada. Sannan An gina manhajar karatu da koyarwa bisa bukatun daliban, an karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin dalibai da malamai (maimakon lacca) sannan masu tsara manhajoji sun karfafa wa malamai kwarin gwiwar yin koyarwa bisa kwarewar dalibansu. == Tsarin karatu == Bunkasa manhajar karatu ya ta’allaka ne da taron manhajar karatu, wanda ya kunshi malamai da daraktoci suna tattaunawa kan irin ilimin da za a koyar a makarantun ‘yanci. Dole ne malamai su rubuta jita-jita don tsara tsarin karatun su. An gaya musu su tuna yadda rayuwa take a Mississippi da dan gajeren lokacin da suke da shi don koyar da kayan. Dole ne tsarin karatun ya kasance mai son malamai kuma ya zama mai amfani ga dalibai nan da nan, tare da dogara kan tambayoyi da ayyuka. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tambayoyi da tattaunawa maimakon haddar gaskiya da kwanan wata. Kuma Umarnin ga malamai sun haɗa da: : Game da tsarin aji, tambaya shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Ba shi da ma'ana a cika daliban da bayanan da ba zai iya fahimta ba; tambaya ita ce hanyar wayewa. . . Darajar Makarantun 'Yanci za su samu ne daga abin da malamai ke iya ba wa dalibai ta fuskar fahimta da bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da taron manhajar ya tattaro Yan kasa na asali da asali daban-daban, kayyadaddun tsarin koyarwa na karshe ya kunshi abubuwa daga asali daban-daban kuma ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku. Bangarorin uku na manhajar Makarantun ‘Yanci su ne manhajar Ilimi, manhajar zama dan kasa, da Kuma manhajar nishadi. Manufar wadannan sassan shine don koya wa dalibai canjin zamantakewa a cikin makarantar; tarihin yanki; tarihin bakar fata; yadda ake amsa budaddiyar tambayoyi; da bunkasa fasahar ilimi. Manhajar Ilimi ta kunshi karatu, rubutu, da ayyukan baki wadanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da daliban ya samu. Tsarin karatun zama dan kasa shine don karfafa dalibai su yi tambayoyi game da al'umma. Tsarin Nishadi ya bukaci daliban ya kasance mai motsa jiki. A yawancin makarantu, Manhajar zama dan kasa ta mai da hankali kan nau'ikan tambayoyi biyu masu alaka don tattaunawar aji: : Me yasa muke (malamai da dalibai) a Makarantun 'Yanci? : Menene Kungiyar 'Yanci? : Wadanne hanyoyi ne kungiyar Freedom Movement ke ba mu? : Menene yawancin al'adun da muke so? : Menene yawancin al'adun da ba mu so? : Menene muke da shi da muke so mu kiyaye? == Shekara ta farko == An bude Makarantun 'Yanci a makon farko na Yuli shekarata 1964, bayan kusan malaman sa kai na Makarantar 'Yanci 250 sun halarci zaman horo na mako guda a Kwalejin Mata ta Yamma a Oxford, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . Shirye-shiryen na asali sun yi tsammanin Makarantun 'Yanci 25 da dalibai 1,000; a karshen bazara, an bude makarantu 41 ga dalibai sama da 2,500. An kafa Makarantun 'Yanci tare da taimako da jajircewar al'ummomin yankin, wadanda suka samar da gine-gine daban-daban na makarantu da gidaje ga malaman sa kai. Yayin da ake gudanar da wasu makarantun a wuraren shakatawa, dakunan girki, da gidajen zama, da kuma karkashin bishiyoyi, yawancin azuzuwan ana gudanar da su ne a cikin majami'u ko ginshiƙan coci. Halartar ta bambanta a duk lokacin bazara. Wasu makarantu sun sami daidaiton halarta, amma banda wannan. Saboda halartan taron bai zama tilas ba, daukar ma'aikata da kuma kula da zuwan kila shine kalubalen firamare da makarantun suka fuskanta. Kuma A Clarksdale, Mississippi, alal misali, matsakaicin yawan halartar dalibai a cikin makon farko ya kasance goma sha biyar, mako na biyu kuma takwas ne, amma a kowane lokaci a lokacin bazara, makarantar na iya samun halartar dalibai kusan talatin da biyar. Ba kasafai ba ne manya su rika zuwa aji akai-akai. An canza umarni bisa yanayin gida. A yankunan karkara da ake sa ran dalibai za su yi aiki a lokacin makaranta, yawanci ana yin karatu da daddare. A makarantun da ke kula da lokutan makaranta na al'ada, yawanci a cikin birane, ana ba da tsarin karatun zama dan kasa da kwasa-kwasan ilimi na gargajiya da safe kuma ana ba da azuzuwan na musamman kamar kida, wasan kwaikwayo, Kuma da buga rubutu da rana. A yawancin lokuta, za a kebe duk kwanakin makaranta don kokarin yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. Ya zama wajibi ga masu fafutuka na SNCC cewa za a saka hannun jari ga dalibai a ayyukan hakkin jama'a saboda ana sa ran wannan dalibai zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jihar don aiwatar da canjin zamantakewa. A ƙarshen lokacin Makarantar 'Yanci, masu fafutuka da dalibai sun shirya taron jagorancin dalibai a ranar 8 ga Agusta, shekarata 1964, ranar bayan jana'izar James Chaney, daya daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan Chaney, Goodman, da Schwerner . An gudanar da taron a Meridian, Mississippi, a tsohuwar Makarantar Baptist ta Meridian . An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "fadar da'irar Makarantar 'Yanci." Kowace Makarantar 'Yanci ta aika wakilai uku zuwa taron don samar da dandalin matasa don Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party. Wakilan daliban sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi ayyuka, makarantu, harkokin kasashen waje, da matsugunan jama'a tare da ba da shawarwari ga jam'iyyar jihar. A karshen taron, dalibai sun shirya wata sanarwa da ta bukaci samun masaukin jama'a, Kuma ka'idojin gine-gine na kowane gida, hadaddiyar makarantu, tsarin ayyukan jama'a, da kuma nada kwararrun baki zuwa mukaman jihohi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci da dalibai sun ci gaba da jajircewa kan manufar Makarantar 'Yanci. A farkon watan Agustan shekarata 1964, an shirya shirye-shiryen ci gaba da Makarantun 'Yanci a cikin shekarar makaranta mai zuwa, kuma wasu malaman sa kai sun riga sun amince su zauna. Dalibai sun yanke shawarar, duk da haka, yayin taron Makarantar 'Yanci a farkon watan Agusta don ba za su ci gaba da makarantun ba. Duk da haka dalibai sun aiwatar da jagoranci da gwagwarmayar da suka samu a lokacin bazara a makarantunsu. Wasu daliban sun koma makaranta kuma sun bukaci ingantattun kayan aiki da karin kwasa-kwasai. Dalibai a Philadelphia, Mississippi, sun dawo makaranta sanye da maballan "Mutum daya, Kuri'a daya" SNCC &#x2014; wanda aka kore su. == Makarantar Ranar Makarantar Freedom, Philadelphia == John E. Churchville ne ya kafa Laburaren 'Yanci na Philadelphia a shekarata 1964. A cikin Yan shekaru masu zuwa ya fara ba da azuzuwan yamma kuma daga karshe ya mai da dakin karatu zuwa makaranta. Bayan kafuwar wannan makaranta, ya shirya gajerun kasidu da aka buga a cikin littafin, ''What Black Educators Are Saying'', wanda [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/24/obituaries/nathan-wright-jr-black-power-advocate-dies-at-81.html Nathan Wright Jr. ya] shirya kuma aka buga a shekarata 1970. Wannan makala ta kunshi yawancin tunanin Churchville game da yanayin motsi na Black Power da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na koyarwa na sabuwar Makarantar 'Yanci. Ya raina ra'ayoyin duka kungiyoyin al'adu da masu ci gaban kasa a matsayin facade kuma ba hakora ba. A gare shi, Harkar kishin kasa ta juyin juya hali wacce ta yi kira ga cikakken juyin juya hali a nan da kuma ko'ina a doron kasa, ita ce mafi inganci da gaskiya ga ka'idojinta. Sun gano batutuwan cikin rukuni da na daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar bakar fata a Amurka kuma hanya daya tilo ta zama dan juyin juya hali da gaske ita ce ta sake haihuwa; wani iko na waje ya yi aiki wanda ya fara kawar da ku daga wadannan gazawar. Makarantun da kansu sun dogara ne akan tsari mai sauki na fifiko. Idan ilimi shine shigar matasa cikin tsarin akida, to dole ne Makarantar 'Yanci ta sake ilmantar da yaran bakaken fata su yi watsi da babbar akida tare da gina sabon tsari. Don yin wannan, kashi na farko na koyarwa da za a kafa dole ne ya zama sabuwar akidar makarantar. Bayan haka, Kuma dole ne a nemo malaman da za su iya dinke barakar da ke tsakanin asali da kuma ketare, kasancewar su darasi ne ga dalibansu na ciki da wajen aji. A karshe, an tsara tsarin karatun don bayyana ainihin halin da baƙar fata ke ciki da kuma koyar da kayan aiki da kwarewa don magance wannan gaskiyar. Tsarin karatun kamar yadda Churchville ya bayyana abin hawa ne kawai don koyar da gaskiyar juyin juya hali; abubuwan da ke ciki galibi basu da mahimmanci kamar yadda bincike ne wanda zai nuna gaskiyar. Hukumar FBI ta kai farmaki makarantar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarata 1966, bisa zargin tanada kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda. Bayan farmakin, Churchville ya daina fafutuka. == Gado == Za a iya ganin wani bangare na gadon Makarantar 'Yanci a cikin makarantun da ke rike da suna a yau: Akwesasne Freedom School a kan Mohawk Indian ajiyar ; Makarantun 'Yanci a St. Louis, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da [[Chicago]], Illinois, Tyree Scott Freedom School a Seattle, Washington, da Makarantar 'Yanci ta Paulo Freire a Tucson, Arizona. Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) yana gudanar da shirin Makarantar 'Yanci na zamani a duk fadin kasar. An hada wannan shirin ta hanyar bakar fata Al'umma na Crusade don Yara na Asusun Tsaro na Yara. Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF na kasa yana aiki sama da wuraren shirye-shiryen bazara 130 a cikin jihohi 24 a fadin kasar wadanda ke hidima ga yara kusan 12,000. A [[Michigan]] kungiyar Black Radical Congress a [[Detroit]] ta kaddamar da kamfen don kirkirar samfuri bisa ga Makarantun 'Yanci. Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia yunƙuyri ne na ilimin al'umma mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sigar zamani na tsarin karatun Mississippi tare da mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, Kuma aikin zamantakewa da jagoranci tsakanin tsararraki. Ana shirya Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2010-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419163246/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta hanyar hukumar jagora, Al'umma A Makarantu. <ref>http://www.cisphl.org</ref> Jami'ar 'Yanci [[Atlanta|ta Atlanta]], makarantar 'yanci ta zamani kuma makaranta ce kawai a cikin duniya inda duk dalibai ba su da takardar izinin shiga ba tare da izini ba, suna ba da kyauta na koyarwa, sannan tsarin karatun koleji na 'yanci wanda ke taimakawa matasa marasa izini su sami ilimi mafi girma. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ruleville, Mississippi * Gluckstadt, Mississippi * Carthage, Mississippi == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * William Sturkey da Jon N. Hale (eds. ), ''Don Rubuta cikin Hasken 'Yanci: Jaridu na Makarantun 'Yancin Mississippi na 1964.'' Jackson, MS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Mississippi, 2015. * Jon N. Hale, ''Makarantun 'Yanci: Masu fafutuka na dalibai a cikin Kungiyar Hakkin Bil'adama ta Mississippi'' . (New York: Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2016) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum] * [http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html/ Tarihin Makarantar 'Yanci ta Mississippi & Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203045010/http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 Darussa daga Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115163305/http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 |date=2017-01-15 }} ~ tallafin littafin karatu don nazarin Tsarin Makarantun 'Yanci na 1964 * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm Wurin Ilimi na Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091730/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm |date=2013-11-04 }} * [http://www.sfacs.us/ Sankofa Freedom Academy Charter School] * [http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html Bayani game da Bakin Al'umma Crusade ga Yara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030027/http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm Lokacin bazara da Makarantun 'Yanci] * [http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html Bayanin Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005845/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html |date=2008-04-22 }} * [http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Makarantun 'Yanci] ~ Taskar 'Yancin Jama'a * [http://chicagofreedomschool.org/ Makarantar 'Yanci ta Chicago] * [http://garyfreedomschool.org/ Makarantar Gary Freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002045/http://garyfreedomschool.org/ |date=2017-11-16 }} * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/sffreedomschool/ San Francisco Freedom School] * [http://www.sunflowerfreedom.org Aikin Yancin Yankin Sunflower] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1d87vup83s1jglnrp2t1p51fpph5qx7 974978 974976 2026-11-01T19:08:53Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 974978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Soldiers pay a special visit to about 300 children at Baghdad Airport Prima DVIDS10081.jpg|thumb|Makarantu masu yanci]] '''Makarantun Ƴanci''' sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|Amurkawa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cd14d4z14rko.amp&ved=2ahUKEwimo6-D8PuGAxW2WUEAHbh3DvcQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1QAeK_7xQYPB0tC6Nq_6zr</nowiki></ref>[[Afirkawan Amurka|, Afirka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/babban-jamiin-jks-ya-gana-da-tawagar-alkalai-daga-afrika/&ved=2ahUKEwjjvbGn8PuGAxXCaEEAHcs0AfcQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw349FxgdP9OCoBKS7yHKXjM</nowiki></ref> galibi a [[Kudu]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://aminiya.ng/abin-da-ke-hana-yan-arewa-cin-gajiyar-siyasa-a-kudu/&ved=2ahUKEwjs6p3J8PuGAxWaU0EAHQK7DUcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw1On7_irExTQtO79H5gWzlx</nowiki></ref>. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara [[Amurkawa]] na [[Afirka]] don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, [[siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1599283-ba-ku-tsoron-allah-malamin-musulunci-ya-kunyata-yan-siyasa-a-zaman-makokin-tsohon-gwamna/&ved=2ahUKEwi91-jk8PuGAxWyQ0EAHTUEAkYQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw1jK4heoBF9wUxoWu5qqZ36</nowiki></ref> da [[tattalin arziki]] a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964). == Tarihi == Duk da hukuncin Kotun Koli na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da huɗu (1954) a cikin ''Brown v.'' Shari'ar ''Hukumar Ilimi'' ta lalata tsarin makarantun kebe, a tsakiyar shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da sittin daidai 1960s Mississippi har yanzu tana kiyaye tsarin makarantar farare da "launi mara daidaituwa. A matsakaita, jihar ta kashe $81.66 don ilimantar da dalibi farar fata idan aka kwatanta da $21.77 kawai ga dalibi bakar fata. Mississippi ta kasance daya daga cikin jihohi biyu kacal a cikin kungiyar da ba su da dokar ilimi ta tilas kuma yara da yawa a yankunan karkara an tura su aiki a fagen kuma basu sami karancin ilimi kwata-kwataba. Hatta manhajar karatu ta banbanta na fari da baki. A matsayin misali na yau da kullun, hukumar makarantar farar fata ta Bolivar County ta ba da umarnin cewa "Ba za a koyar da harsunan waje ko al'ada a makarantun Negro ba. Kuma ba za a koyar da tarihin Amurka daga shekarata dubu daya da dari takwas da sottin 1860 zuwa shekarar dubu daya da dari takwas da saba'in da biyar 1875 ba." A karshen shekarata dubu daya da dari tara da sittin da daya da dari 1963, Charles Cobb, mai fafutuka na Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), ya ba da shawarar kungiyar ta dauki nauyin hanyar sadarwa na Makarantun 'Yanci, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar misalan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su a baya a wasu garuruwa. A lokacin bazara na shekarata dubu daya da dari tara 1963, hukumar ilimi ta gundumar Prince Edward County, Virginia ta rufe makarantun jama'a maimakon hada su bayan an gurfanar da su a shari'ar da ta biyo bayan ''Brown vs.'' ''Hukumar Ilimi'', don haka Makarantun 'Yanci suka bullo a madadinsu. A cikin Satumba, shekarar dubu daya 1963, kimanin dalibai 3,000 ne suka halarci zanga-zangar Stay Out for [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|Freedom]] a [[Boston]], maimakon su halarci Makarantun 'Yanci na al'umma. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1963, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar 'Yanci, sama da dalibai 200,000 suka kaura cewa Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don nuna adawa da wariya da karancin yanayin makaranta, tare da wasu suna halartar Makarantun 'Yanci maimakon. Daga baya, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, shekarar 1964 a wata zanga-zangar ranar 'Yanci makamanciyar wannan, sama da dalibai 450,000 suka halarci kaura cewa makarantun jama'a na birnin New York a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girman zanga-zangar 'yancin dan adam na shekarata 1960s, kuma har zuwa dalibai 100,000 sun halarci madadin. Makarantun 'Yanci. == Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi == An habaka Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi a matsayin wani bangare na shekarata 1964 Freedom Summer yancin aikin, wani gagarumin kokari wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da ilmantar da daliban Mississippi don canjin zamantakewa. Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kasa (COFO) &#x2014; kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a na masu fafutuka da kudade da aka samo daga SNCC, CORE, NAACP, da SCLC &#x2014; a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, hadin gwiwar Freedom Summer. Ainihin aikin ya kasance yakin neman rajistar masu kada kuri’a a duk fadin jihar, kuma masu shirya zaben sun bukaci masu sa kai dubu daya su taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan aiki. Kuma Masu fafutuka sun yi shirin gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Demokradiyya mai kama da juna, saboda bakar fata masu jefa kuri'a cikin tsari ya haifar da wakilai masu farar fata zuwa Zaben shugaban kasa. Wadannan kokarce-kokarce sun kare a kirkirar Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party . Duka wakilan hukuma da Jam'iyyar Democratic Democratic Party ta Mississippi sun tafi taron a shekarata1964 na Democratic Democratic a Atlantic City, [[New Jersey]] . A cikin Disamba Shekarata 1963, a lokacin shirye-shiryen shirin bazara na 'Yanci mai zuwa, Charles Cobb ya ba da shawarar hanyar sadarwa ta "Makarantar 'Yanci" wacce za ta habaka shiga siyasa tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare na Mississippi, baya ga bayar da darussan ilimi da tattaunawa. Masu fafutuka da ke shirya aikin bazara na 'Yanci sun yarda da shawarar Cobb kuma a cikin Maris 1964 sun shirya taron tsara tsarin karatu a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a karkashin tallafin Majalisar Ikklisiya ta kasa . Farfesan tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman Staughton Lynd an nada shi Daraktan shirin Makarantar 'Yanci. A tsawon lokacin bazarar 'Yanci, an kafa Makarantun 'Yanci sama da 40 a cikin al'ummomin baki a duk fadin Mississippi. Manufar ita ce a yi kokarin kawo karshen kaura na siyasa na Amurkawa na Afirka ta hanyar karfafa dalibai su zama Yan kasa masu himma da shiga cikin al'umma a cikin al'umma. Sama da daliban Amurkawa 3,000 na Afirka sun halarci wadannan makarantu a lokacin rani na shekarata 1964. Dalibai sun kasance tun daga kanana yara zuwa manya masu matsakaicin shekaru 15. Malamai sun kasance masu aikin sa kai, yawancin su daliban koleji ne da kansu. <ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Freedom Schools] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> == Manufar siyasa da ilimi == An tsara Makarantun 'Yanci tare da manufofin siyasa da na ilimi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci za su ilimantar da daliban firamare da sakandare don zama wakilan canjin zamantakewa da za su shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a da ke gudana, galibi a kokarin rajistar masu zabe. Kuma An raba tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa sassa bakwai na asali wadanda suka yi nazarin yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin dangantakar kabilanci da kuma Kungiyar Hakkin Bil Adama. An karfafa habakar jagoranci, ban da karin kwarewar ilimi na gargajiya. Ilimin a Makarantun 'Yanci ya shafi dalibai ne kuma ya dace da al'ada. Sannan An gina manhajar karatu da koyarwa bisa bukatun daliban, an karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin dalibai da malamai (maimakon lacca) sannan masu tsara manhajoji sun karfafa wa malamai kwarin gwiwar yin koyarwa bisa kwarewar dalibansu. == Tsarin karatu == Bunkasa manhajar karatu ya ta’allaka ne da taron manhajar karatu, wanda ya kunshi malamai da daraktoci suna tattaunawa kan irin ilimin da za a koyar a makarantun ‘yanci. Dole ne malamai su rubuta jita-jita don tsara tsarin karatun su. An gaya musu su tuna yadda rayuwa take a Mississippi da dan gajeren lokacin da suke da shi don koyar da kayan. Dole ne tsarin karatun ya kasance mai son malamai kuma ya zama mai amfani ga dalibai nan da nan, tare da dogara kan tambayoyi da ayyuka. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tambayoyi da tattaunawa maimakon haddar gaskiya da kwanan wata. Kuma Umarnin ga malamai sun haɗa da: : Game da tsarin aji, tambaya shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Ba shi da ma'ana a cika daliban da bayanan da ba zai iya fahimta ba; tambaya ita ce hanyar wayewa. . . Darajar Makarantun 'Yanci za su samu ne daga abin da malamai ke iya ba wa dalibai ta fuskar fahimta da bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da taron manhajar ya tattaro Yan kasa na asali da asali daban-daban, kayyadaddun tsarin koyarwa na karshe ya kunshi abubuwa daga asali daban-daban kuma ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku. Bangarorin uku na manhajar Makarantun ‘Yanci su ne manhajar Ilimi, manhajar zama dan kasa, da Kuma manhajar nishadi. Manufar wadannan sassan shine don koya wa dalibai canjin zamantakewa a cikin makarantar; tarihin yanki; tarihin bakar fata; yadda ake amsa budaddiyar tambayoyi; da bunkasa fasahar ilimi. Manhajar Ilimi ta kunshi karatu, rubutu, da ayyukan baki wadanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da daliban ya samu. Tsarin karatun zama dan kasa shine don karfafa dalibai su yi tambayoyi game da al'umma. Tsarin Nishadi ya bukaci daliban ya kasance mai motsa jiki. A yawancin makarantu, Manhajar zama dan kasa ta mai da hankali kan nau'ikan tambayoyi biyu masu alaka don tattaunawar aji: : Me yasa muke (malamai da dalibai) a Makarantun 'Yanci? : Menene Kungiyar 'Yanci? : Wadanne hanyoyi ne kungiyar Freedom Movement ke ba mu? : Menene yawancin al'adun da muke so? : Menene yawancin al'adun da ba mu so? : Menene muke da shi da muke so mu kiyaye? == Shekara ta farko == An bude Makarantun 'Yanci a makon farko na Yuli shekarata 1964, bayan kusan malaman sa kai na Makarantar 'Yanci 250 sun halarci zaman horo na mako guda a Kwalejin Mata ta Yamma a Oxford, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . Shirye-shiryen na asali sun yi tsammanin Makarantun 'Yanci 25 da dalibai 1,000; a karshen bazara, an bude makarantu 41 ga dalibai sama da 2,500. An kafa Makarantun 'Yanci tare da taimako da jajircewar al'ummomin yankin, wadanda suka samar da gine-gine daban-daban na makarantu da gidaje ga malaman sa kai. Yayin da ake gudanar da wasu makarantun a wuraren shakatawa, dakunan girki, da gidajen zama, da kuma karkashin bishiyoyi, yawancin azuzuwan ana gudanar da su ne a cikin majami'u ko ginshiƙan coci. Halartar ta bambanta a duk lokacin bazara. Wasu makarantu sun sami daidaiton halarta, amma banda wannan. Saboda halartan taron bai zama tilas ba, daukar ma'aikata da kuma kula da zuwan kila shine kalubalen firamare da makarantun suka fuskanta. Kuma A Clarksdale, Mississippi, alal misali, matsakaicin yawan halartar dalibai a cikin makon farko ya kasance goma sha biyar, mako na biyu kuma takwas ne, amma a kowane lokaci a lokacin bazara, makarantar na iya samun halartar dalibai kusan talatin da biyar. Ba kasafai ba ne manya su rika zuwa aji akai-akai. An canza umarni bisa yanayin gida. A yankunan karkara da ake sa ran dalibai za su yi aiki a lokacin makaranta, yawanci ana yin karatu da daddare. A makarantun da ke kula da lokutan makaranta na al'ada, yawanci a cikin birane, ana ba da tsarin karatun zama dan kasa da kwasa-kwasan ilimi na gargajiya da safe kuma ana ba da azuzuwan na musamman kamar kida, wasan kwaikwayo, Kuma da buga rubutu da rana. A yawancin lokuta, za a kebe duk kwanakin makaranta don kokarin yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. Ya zama wajibi ga masu fafutuka na SNCC cewa za a saka hannun jari ga dalibai a ayyukan hakkin jama'a saboda ana sa ran wannan dalibai zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jihar don aiwatar da canjin zamantakewa. A ƙarshen lokacin Makarantar 'Yanci, masu fafutuka da dalibai sun shirya taron jagorancin dalibai a ranar 8 ga Agusta, shekarata 1964, ranar bayan jana'izar James Chaney, daya daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan Chaney, Goodman, da Schwerner . An gudanar da taron a Meridian, Mississippi, a tsohuwar Makarantar Baptist ta Meridian . An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "fadar da'irar Makarantar 'Yanci." Kowace Makarantar 'Yanci ta aika wakilai uku zuwa taron don samar da dandalin matasa don Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party. Wakilan daliban sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi ayyuka, makarantu, harkokin kasashen waje, da matsugunan jama'a tare da ba da shawarwari ga jam'iyyar jihar. A karshen taron, dalibai sun shirya wata sanarwa da ta bukaci samun masaukin jama'a, Kuma ka'idojin gine-gine na kowane gida, hadaddiyar makarantu, tsarin ayyukan jama'a, da kuma nada kwararrun baki zuwa mukaman jihohi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci da dalibai sun ci gaba da jajircewa kan manufar Makarantar 'Yanci. A farkon watan Agustan shekarata 1964, an shirya shirye-shiryen ci gaba da Makarantun 'Yanci a cikin shekarar makaranta mai zuwa, kuma wasu malaman sa kai sun riga sun amince su zauna. Dalibai sun yanke shawarar, duk da haka, yayin taron Makarantar 'Yanci a farkon watan Agusta don ba za su ci gaba da makarantun ba. Duk da haka dalibai sun aiwatar da jagoranci da gwagwarmayar da suka samu a lokacin bazara a makarantunsu. Wasu daliban sun koma makaranta kuma sun bukaci ingantattun kayan aiki da karin kwasa-kwasai. Dalibai a Philadelphia, Mississippi, sun dawo makaranta sanye da maballan "Mutum daya, Kuri'a daya" SNCC &#x2014; wanda aka kore su. == Makarantar Ranar Makarantar Freedom, Philadelphia == John E. Churchville ne ya kafa Laburaren 'Yanci na Philadelphia a shekarata 1964. A cikin Yan shekaru masu zuwa ya fara ba da azuzuwan yamma kuma daga karshe ya mai da dakin karatu zuwa makaranta. Bayan kafuwar wannan makaranta, ya shirya gajerun kasidu da aka buga a cikin littafin, ''What Black Educators Are Saying'', wanda [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/24/obituaries/nathan-wright-jr-black-power-advocate-dies-at-81.html Nathan Wright Jr. ya] shirya kuma aka buga a shekarata 1970. Wannan makala ta kunshi yawancin tunanin Churchville game da yanayin motsi na Black Power da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na koyarwa na sabuwar Makarantar 'Yanci. Ya raina ra'ayoyin duka kungiyoyin al'adu da masu ci gaban kasa a matsayin facade kuma ba hakora ba. A gare shi, Harkar kishin kasa ta juyin juya hali wacce ta yi kira ga cikakken juyin juya hali a nan da kuma ko'ina a doron kasa, ita ce mafi inganci da gaskiya ga ka'idojinta. Sun gano batutuwan cikin rukuni da na daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar bakar fata a Amurka kuma hanya daya tilo ta zama dan juyin juya hali da gaske ita ce ta sake haihuwa; wani iko na waje ya yi aiki wanda ya fara kawar da ku daga wadannan gazawar. Makarantun da kansu sun dogara ne akan tsari mai sauki na fifiko. Idan ilimi shine shigar matasa cikin tsarin akida, to dole ne Makarantar 'Yanci ta sake ilmantar da yaran bakaken fata su yi watsi da babbar akida tare da gina sabon tsari. Don yin wannan, kashi na farko na koyarwa da za a kafa dole ne ya zama sabuwar akidar makarantar. Bayan haka, Kuma dole ne a nemo malaman da za su iya dinke barakar da ke tsakanin asali da kuma ketare, kasancewar su darasi ne ga dalibansu na ciki da wajen aji. A karshe, an tsara tsarin karatun don bayyana ainihin halin da baƙar fata ke ciki da kuma koyar da kayan aiki da kwarewa don magance wannan gaskiyar. Tsarin karatun kamar yadda Churchville ya bayyana abin hawa ne kawai don koyar da gaskiyar juyin juya hali; abubuwan da ke ciki galibi basu da mahimmanci kamar yadda bincike ne wanda zai nuna gaskiyar. Hukumar FBI ta kai farmaki makarantar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarata 1966, bisa zargin tanada kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda. Bayan farmakin, Churchville ya daina fafutuka. == Gado == Za a iya ganin wani bangare na gadon Makarantar 'Yanci a cikin makarantun da ke rike da suna a yau: Akwesasne Freedom School a kan Mohawk Indian ajiyar ; Makarantun 'Yanci a St. Louis, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da [[Chicago]], Illinois, Tyree Scott Freedom School a Seattle, Washington, da Makarantar 'Yanci ta Paulo Freire a Tucson, Arizona. Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) yana gudanar da shirin Makarantar 'Yanci na zamani a duk fadin kasar. An hada wannan shirin ta hanyar bakar fata Al'umma na Crusade don Yara na Asusun Tsaro na Yara. Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF na kasa yana aiki sama da wuraren shirye-shiryen bazara 130 a cikin jihohi 24 a fadin kasar wadanda ke hidima ga yara kusan 12,000. A [[Michigan]] kungiyar Black Radical Congress a [[Detroit]] ta kaddamar da kamfen don kirkirar samfuri bisa ga Makarantun 'Yanci. Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia yunƙuyri ne na ilimin al'umma mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sigar zamani na tsarin karatun Mississippi tare da mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, Kuma aikin zamantakewa da jagoranci tsakanin tsararraki. Ana shirya Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2010-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419163246/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta hanyar hukumar jagora, Al'umma A Makarantu. <ref>http://www.cisphl.org</ref> Jami'ar 'Yanci [[Atlanta|ta Atlanta]], makarantar 'yanci ta zamani kuma makaranta ce kawai a cikin duniya inda duk dalibai ba su da takardar izinin shiga ba tare da izini ba, suna ba da kyauta na koyarwa, sannan tsarin karatun koleji na 'yanci wanda ke taimakawa matasa marasa izini su sami ilimi mafi girma. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ruleville, Mississippi * Gluckstadt, Mississippi * Carthage, Mississippi == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * William Sturkey da Jon N. Hale (eds. ), ''Don Rubuta cikin Hasken 'Yanci: Jaridu na Makarantun 'Yancin Mississippi na 1964.'' Jackson, MS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Mississippi, 2015. * Jon N. Hale, ''Makarantun 'Yanci: Masu fafutuka na dalibai a cikin Kungiyar Hakkin Bil'adama ta Mississippi'' . (New York: Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2016) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum] * [http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html/ Tarihin Makarantar 'Yanci ta Mississippi & Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203045010/http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 Darussa daga Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115163305/http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 |date=2017-01-15 }} ~ tallafin littafin karatu don nazarin Tsarin Makarantun 'Yanci na 1964 * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm Wurin Ilimi na Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091730/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm |date=2013-11-04 }} * [http://www.sfacs.us/ Sankofa Freedom Academy Charter School] * [http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html Bayani game da Bakin Al'umma Crusade ga Yara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030027/http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm Lokacin bazara da Makarantun 'Yanci] * [http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html Bayanin Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005845/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html |date=2008-04-22 }} * [http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Makarantun 'Yanci] ~ Taskar 'Yancin Jama'a * [http://chicagofreedomschool.org/ Makarantar 'Yanci ta Chicago] * [http://garyfreedomschool.org/ Makarantar Gary Freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002045/http://garyfreedomschool.org/ |date=2017-11-16 }} * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/sffreedomschool/ San Francisco Freedom School] * [http://www.sunflowerfreedom.org Aikin Yancin Yankin Sunflower] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fp51ttt6icw58r77qor5u906g5d99qr 974979 974978 2026-11-01T19:09:36Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 974979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Soldiers pay a special visit to about 300 children at Baghdad Airport Prima DVIDS10081.jpg|thumb|Makarantu masu yanci]] '''Makarantun Ƴanci''' sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|Amurkawa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cd14d4z14rko.amp&ved=2ahUKEwimo6-D8PuGAxW2WUEAHbh3DvcQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1QAeK_7xQYPB0tC6Nq_6zr</nowiki></ref>[[Afirkawan Amurka|, Afirka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/babban-jamiin-jks-ya-gana-da-tawagar-alkalai-daga-afrika/&ved=2ahUKEwjjvbGn8PuGAxXCaEEAHcs0AfcQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw349FxgdP9OCoBKS7yHKXjM</nowiki></ref> galibi a [[Kudu]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://aminiya.ng/abin-da-ke-hana-yan-arewa-cin-gajiyar-siyasa-a-kudu/&ved=2ahUKEwjs6p3J8PuGAxWaU0EAHQK7DUcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw1On7_irExTQtO79H5gWzlx</nowiki></ref>. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara [[Amurkawa]] na [[Afirka]] don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, [[siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1599283-ba-ku-tsoron-allah-malamin-musulunci-ya-kunyata-yan-siyasa-a-zaman-makokin-tsohon-gwamna/&ved=2ahUKEwi91-jk8PuGAxWyQ0EAHTUEAkYQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw1jK4heoBF9wUxoWu5qqZ36</nowiki></ref> da [[tattalin arziki]] a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964). == Tarihi == Duk da hukuncin Kotun Koli na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da huɗu (1954) a cikin ''Brown v.'' Shari'ar ''Hukumar Ilimi'' ta lalata tsarin makarantun kebe, a tsakiyar shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da sittin daidai 1960s Mississippi har yanzu tana kiyaye tsarin makarantar farare da "launi mara daidaituwa. A matsakaita, jihar ta kashe $81.66 don ilimantar da dalibi farar fata idan aka kwatanta da $21.77 kawai ga dalibi bakar fata. Mississippi ta kasance daya daga cikin jihohi biyu kacal a cikin kungiyar da ba su da dokar ilimi ta tilas kuma yara da yawa a yankunan karkara an tura su aiki a fagen kuma basu sami karancin ilimi kwata-kwataba. Hatta manhajar karatu ta banbanta na fari da baki. A matsayin misali na yau da kullun, hukumar makarantar farar fata ta Bolivar County ta ba da umarnin cewa "Ba za a koyar da harsunan waje ko al'ada a makarantun Negro ba. Kuma ba za a koyar da tarihin Amurka daga shekarata dubu daya da dari takwas da sottin 1860 zuwa shekarar dubu daya da dari takwas da saba'in da biyar 1875 ba." A karshen shekarata dubu daya da dari tara da sittin da daya da dari 1963, Charles Cobb, mai fafutuka na Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), ya ba da shawarar kungiyar ta dauki nauyin hanyar sadarwa na Makarantun 'Yanci, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar misalan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su a baya a wasu garuruwa. A lokacin bazara na shekarata dubu daya da dari tara da sittin 1963, hukumar ilimi ta gundumar Prince Edward County, Virginia ta rufe makarantun jama'a maimakon hada su bayan an gurfanar da su a shari'ar da ta biyo bayan ''Brown vs.'' ''Hukumar Ilimi'', don haka Makarantun 'Yanci suka bullo a madadinsu. A cikin Satumba, shekarar dubu daya 1963, kimanin dalibai 3,000 ne suka halarci zanga-zangar Stay Out for [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|Freedom]] a [[Boston]], maimakon su halarci Makarantun 'Yanci na al'umma. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1963, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar 'Yanci, sama da dalibai 200,000 suka kaura cewa Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don nuna adawa da wariya da karancin yanayin makaranta, tare da wasu suna halartar Makarantun 'Yanci maimakon. Daga baya, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, shekarar 1964 a wata zanga-zangar ranar 'Yanci makamanciyar wannan, sama da dalibai 450,000 suka halarci kaura cewa makarantun jama'a na birnin New York a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girman zanga-zangar 'yancin dan adam na shekarata 1960s, kuma har zuwa dalibai 100,000 sun halarci madadin. Makarantun 'Yanci. == Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi == An habaka Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi a matsayin wani bangare na shekarata 1964 Freedom Summer yancin aikin, wani gagarumin kokari wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da ilmantar da daliban Mississippi don canjin zamantakewa. Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kasa (COFO) &#x2014; kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a na masu fafutuka da kudade da aka samo daga SNCC, CORE, NAACP, da SCLC &#x2014; a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, hadin gwiwar Freedom Summer. Ainihin aikin ya kasance yakin neman rajistar masu kada kuri’a a duk fadin jihar, kuma masu shirya zaben sun bukaci masu sa kai dubu daya su taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan aiki. Kuma Masu fafutuka sun yi shirin gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Demokradiyya mai kama da juna, saboda bakar fata masu jefa kuri'a cikin tsari ya haifar da wakilai masu farar fata zuwa Zaben shugaban kasa. Wadannan kokarce-kokarce sun kare a kirkirar Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party . Duka wakilan hukuma da Jam'iyyar Democratic Democratic Party ta Mississippi sun tafi taron a shekarata1964 na Democratic Democratic a Atlantic City, [[New Jersey]] . A cikin Disamba Shekarata 1963, a lokacin shirye-shiryen shirin bazara na 'Yanci mai zuwa, Charles Cobb ya ba da shawarar hanyar sadarwa ta "Makarantar 'Yanci" wacce za ta habaka shiga siyasa tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare na Mississippi, baya ga bayar da darussan ilimi da tattaunawa. Masu fafutuka da ke shirya aikin bazara na 'Yanci sun yarda da shawarar Cobb kuma a cikin Maris 1964 sun shirya taron tsara tsarin karatu a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a karkashin tallafin Majalisar Ikklisiya ta kasa . Farfesan tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman Staughton Lynd an nada shi Daraktan shirin Makarantar 'Yanci. A tsawon lokacin bazarar 'Yanci, an kafa Makarantun 'Yanci sama da 40 a cikin al'ummomin baki a duk fadin Mississippi. Manufar ita ce a yi kokarin kawo karshen kaura na siyasa na Amurkawa na Afirka ta hanyar karfafa dalibai su zama Yan kasa masu himma da shiga cikin al'umma a cikin al'umma. Sama da daliban Amurkawa 3,000 na Afirka sun halarci wadannan makarantu a lokacin rani na shekarata 1964. Dalibai sun kasance tun daga kanana yara zuwa manya masu matsakaicin shekaru 15. Malamai sun kasance masu aikin sa kai, yawancin su daliban koleji ne da kansu. <ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Freedom Schools] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> == Manufar siyasa da ilimi == An tsara Makarantun 'Yanci tare da manufofin siyasa da na ilimi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci za su ilimantar da daliban firamare da sakandare don zama wakilan canjin zamantakewa da za su shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a da ke gudana, galibi a kokarin rajistar masu zabe. Kuma An raba tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa sassa bakwai na asali wadanda suka yi nazarin yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin dangantakar kabilanci da kuma Kungiyar Hakkin Bil Adama. An karfafa habakar jagoranci, ban da karin kwarewar ilimi na gargajiya. Ilimin a Makarantun 'Yanci ya shafi dalibai ne kuma ya dace da al'ada. Sannan An gina manhajar karatu da koyarwa bisa bukatun daliban, an karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin dalibai da malamai (maimakon lacca) sannan masu tsara manhajoji sun karfafa wa malamai kwarin gwiwar yin koyarwa bisa kwarewar dalibansu. == Tsarin karatu == Bunkasa manhajar karatu ya ta’allaka ne da taron manhajar karatu, wanda ya kunshi malamai da daraktoci suna tattaunawa kan irin ilimin da za a koyar a makarantun ‘yanci. Dole ne malamai su rubuta jita-jita don tsara tsarin karatun su. An gaya musu su tuna yadda rayuwa take a Mississippi da dan gajeren lokacin da suke da shi don koyar da kayan. Dole ne tsarin karatun ya kasance mai son malamai kuma ya zama mai amfani ga dalibai nan da nan, tare da dogara kan tambayoyi da ayyuka. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tambayoyi da tattaunawa maimakon haddar gaskiya da kwanan wata. Kuma Umarnin ga malamai sun haɗa da: : Game da tsarin aji, tambaya shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Ba shi da ma'ana a cika daliban da bayanan da ba zai iya fahimta ba; tambaya ita ce hanyar wayewa. . . Darajar Makarantun 'Yanci za su samu ne daga abin da malamai ke iya ba wa dalibai ta fuskar fahimta da bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da taron manhajar ya tattaro Yan kasa na asali da asali daban-daban, kayyadaddun tsarin koyarwa na karshe ya kunshi abubuwa daga asali daban-daban kuma ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku. Bangarorin uku na manhajar Makarantun ‘Yanci su ne manhajar Ilimi, manhajar zama dan kasa, da Kuma manhajar nishadi. Manufar wadannan sassan shine don koya wa dalibai canjin zamantakewa a cikin makarantar; tarihin yanki; tarihin bakar fata; yadda ake amsa budaddiyar tambayoyi; da bunkasa fasahar ilimi. Manhajar Ilimi ta kunshi karatu, rubutu, da ayyukan baki wadanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da daliban ya samu. Tsarin karatun zama dan kasa shine don karfafa dalibai su yi tambayoyi game da al'umma. Tsarin Nishadi ya bukaci daliban ya kasance mai motsa jiki. A yawancin makarantu, Manhajar zama dan kasa ta mai da hankali kan nau'ikan tambayoyi biyu masu alaka don tattaunawar aji: : Me yasa muke (malamai da dalibai) a Makarantun 'Yanci? : Menene Kungiyar 'Yanci? : Wadanne hanyoyi ne kungiyar Freedom Movement ke ba mu? : Menene yawancin al'adun da muke so? : Menene yawancin al'adun da ba mu so? : Menene muke da shi da muke so mu kiyaye? == Shekara ta farko == An bude Makarantun 'Yanci a makon farko na Yuli shekarata 1964, bayan kusan malaman sa kai na Makarantar 'Yanci 250 sun halarci zaman horo na mako guda a Kwalejin Mata ta Yamma a Oxford, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . Shirye-shiryen na asali sun yi tsammanin Makarantun 'Yanci 25 da dalibai 1,000; a karshen bazara, an bude makarantu 41 ga dalibai sama da 2,500. An kafa Makarantun 'Yanci tare da taimako da jajircewar al'ummomin yankin, wadanda suka samar da gine-gine daban-daban na makarantu da gidaje ga malaman sa kai. Yayin da ake gudanar da wasu makarantun a wuraren shakatawa, dakunan girki, da gidajen zama, da kuma karkashin bishiyoyi, yawancin azuzuwan ana gudanar da su ne a cikin majami'u ko ginshiƙan coci. Halartar ta bambanta a duk lokacin bazara. Wasu makarantu sun sami daidaiton halarta, amma banda wannan. Saboda halartan taron bai zama tilas ba, daukar ma'aikata da kuma kula da zuwan kila shine kalubalen firamare da makarantun suka fuskanta. Kuma A Clarksdale, Mississippi, alal misali, matsakaicin yawan halartar dalibai a cikin makon farko ya kasance goma sha biyar, mako na biyu kuma takwas ne, amma a kowane lokaci a lokacin bazara, makarantar na iya samun halartar dalibai kusan talatin da biyar. Ba kasafai ba ne manya su rika zuwa aji akai-akai. An canza umarni bisa yanayin gida. A yankunan karkara da ake sa ran dalibai za su yi aiki a lokacin makaranta, yawanci ana yin karatu da daddare. A makarantun da ke kula da lokutan makaranta na al'ada, yawanci a cikin birane, ana ba da tsarin karatun zama dan kasa da kwasa-kwasan ilimi na gargajiya da safe kuma ana ba da azuzuwan na musamman kamar kida, wasan kwaikwayo, Kuma da buga rubutu da rana. A yawancin lokuta, za a kebe duk kwanakin makaranta don kokarin yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. Ya zama wajibi ga masu fafutuka na SNCC cewa za a saka hannun jari ga dalibai a ayyukan hakkin jama'a saboda ana sa ran wannan dalibai zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jihar don aiwatar da canjin zamantakewa. A ƙarshen lokacin Makarantar 'Yanci, masu fafutuka da dalibai sun shirya taron jagorancin dalibai a ranar 8 ga Agusta, shekarata 1964, ranar bayan jana'izar James Chaney, daya daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan Chaney, Goodman, da Schwerner . An gudanar da taron a Meridian, Mississippi, a tsohuwar Makarantar Baptist ta Meridian . An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "fadar da'irar Makarantar 'Yanci." Kowace Makarantar 'Yanci ta aika wakilai uku zuwa taron don samar da dandalin matasa don Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party. Wakilan daliban sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi ayyuka, makarantu, harkokin kasashen waje, da matsugunan jama'a tare da ba da shawarwari ga jam'iyyar jihar. A karshen taron, dalibai sun shirya wata sanarwa da ta bukaci samun masaukin jama'a, Kuma ka'idojin gine-gine na kowane gida, hadaddiyar makarantu, tsarin ayyukan jama'a, da kuma nada kwararrun baki zuwa mukaman jihohi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci da dalibai sun ci gaba da jajircewa kan manufar Makarantar 'Yanci. A farkon watan Agustan shekarata 1964, an shirya shirye-shiryen ci gaba da Makarantun 'Yanci a cikin shekarar makaranta mai zuwa, kuma wasu malaman sa kai sun riga sun amince su zauna. Dalibai sun yanke shawarar, duk da haka, yayin taron Makarantar 'Yanci a farkon watan Agusta don ba za su ci gaba da makarantun ba. Duk da haka dalibai sun aiwatar da jagoranci da gwagwarmayar da suka samu a lokacin bazara a makarantunsu. Wasu daliban sun koma makaranta kuma sun bukaci ingantattun kayan aiki da karin kwasa-kwasai. Dalibai a Philadelphia, Mississippi, sun dawo makaranta sanye da maballan "Mutum daya, Kuri'a daya" SNCC &#x2014; wanda aka kore su. == Makarantar Ranar Makarantar Freedom, Philadelphia == John E. Churchville ne ya kafa Laburaren 'Yanci na Philadelphia a shekarata 1964. A cikin Yan shekaru masu zuwa ya fara ba da azuzuwan yamma kuma daga karshe ya mai da dakin karatu zuwa makaranta. Bayan kafuwar wannan makaranta, ya shirya gajerun kasidu da aka buga a cikin littafin, ''What Black Educators Are Saying'', wanda [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/24/obituaries/nathan-wright-jr-black-power-advocate-dies-at-81.html Nathan Wright Jr. ya] shirya kuma aka buga a shekarata 1970. Wannan makala ta kunshi yawancin tunanin Churchville game da yanayin motsi na Black Power da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na koyarwa na sabuwar Makarantar 'Yanci. Ya raina ra'ayoyin duka kungiyoyin al'adu da masu ci gaban kasa a matsayin facade kuma ba hakora ba. A gare shi, Harkar kishin kasa ta juyin juya hali wacce ta yi kira ga cikakken juyin juya hali a nan da kuma ko'ina a doron kasa, ita ce mafi inganci da gaskiya ga ka'idojinta. Sun gano batutuwan cikin rukuni da na daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar bakar fata a Amurka kuma hanya daya tilo ta zama dan juyin juya hali da gaske ita ce ta sake haihuwa; wani iko na waje ya yi aiki wanda ya fara kawar da ku daga wadannan gazawar. Makarantun da kansu sun dogara ne akan tsari mai sauki na fifiko. Idan ilimi shine shigar matasa cikin tsarin akida, to dole ne Makarantar 'Yanci ta sake ilmantar da yaran bakaken fata su yi watsi da babbar akida tare da gina sabon tsari. Don yin wannan, kashi na farko na koyarwa da za a kafa dole ne ya zama sabuwar akidar makarantar. Bayan haka, Kuma dole ne a nemo malaman da za su iya dinke barakar da ke tsakanin asali da kuma ketare, kasancewar su darasi ne ga dalibansu na ciki da wajen aji. A karshe, an tsara tsarin karatun don bayyana ainihin halin da baƙar fata ke ciki da kuma koyar da kayan aiki da kwarewa don magance wannan gaskiyar. Tsarin karatun kamar yadda Churchville ya bayyana abin hawa ne kawai don koyar da gaskiyar juyin juya hali; abubuwan da ke ciki galibi basu da mahimmanci kamar yadda bincike ne wanda zai nuna gaskiyar. Hukumar FBI ta kai farmaki makarantar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarata 1966, bisa zargin tanada kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda. Bayan farmakin, Churchville ya daina fafutuka. == Gado == Za a iya ganin wani bangare na gadon Makarantar 'Yanci a cikin makarantun da ke rike da suna a yau: Akwesasne Freedom School a kan Mohawk Indian ajiyar ; Makarantun 'Yanci a St. Louis, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da [[Chicago]], Illinois, Tyree Scott Freedom School a Seattle, Washington, da Makarantar 'Yanci ta Paulo Freire a Tucson, Arizona. Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) yana gudanar da shirin Makarantar 'Yanci na zamani a duk fadin kasar. An hada wannan shirin ta hanyar bakar fata Al'umma na Crusade don Yara na Asusun Tsaro na Yara. Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF na kasa yana aiki sama da wuraren shirye-shiryen bazara 130 a cikin jihohi 24 a fadin kasar wadanda ke hidima ga yara kusan 12,000. A [[Michigan]] kungiyar Black Radical Congress a [[Detroit]] ta kaddamar da kamfen don kirkirar samfuri bisa ga Makarantun 'Yanci. Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia yunƙuyri ne na ilimin al'umma mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sigar zamani na tsarin karatun Mississippi tare da mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, Kuma aikin zamantakewa da jagoranci tsakanin tsararraki. Ana shirya Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2010-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419163246/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta hanyar hukumar jagora, Al'umma A Makarantu. <ref>http://www.cisphl.org</ref> Jami'ar 'Yanci [[Atlanta|ta Atlanta]], makarantar 'yanci ta zamani kuma makaranta ce kawai a cikin duniya inda duk dalibai ba su da takardar izinin shiga ba tare da izini ba, suna ba da kyauta na koyarwa, sannan tsarin karatun koleji na 'yanci wanda ke taimakawa matasa marasa izini su sami ilimi mafi girma. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ruleville, Mississippi * Gluckstadt, Mississippi * Carthage, Mississippi == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * William Sturkey da Jon N. Hale (eds. ), ''Don Rubuta cikin Hasken 'Yanci: Jaridu na Makarantun 'Yancin Mississippi na 1964.'' Jackson, MS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Mississippi, 2015. * Jon N. Hale, ''Makarantun 'Yanci: Masu fafutuka na dalibai a cikin Kungiyar Hakkin Bil'adama ta Mississippi'' . (New York: Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2016) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum] * [http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html/ Tarihin Makarantar 'Yanci ta Mississippi & Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203045010/http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 Darussa daga Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115163305/http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 |date=2017-01-15 }} ~ tallafin littafin karatu don nazarin Tsarin Makarantun 'Yanci na 1964 * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm Wurin Ilimi na Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091730/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm |date=2013-11-04 }} * [http://www.sfacs.us/ Sankofa Freedom Academy Charter School] * [http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html Bayani game da Bakin Al'umma Crusade ga Yara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030027/http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm Lokacin bazara da Makarantun 'Yanci] * [http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html Bayanin Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005845/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html |date=2008-04-22 }} * [http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Makarantun 'Yanci] ~ Taskar 'Yancin Jama'a * [http://chicagofreedomschool.org/ Makarantar 'Yanci ta Chicago] * [http://garyfreedomschool.org/ Makarantar Gary Freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002045/http://garyfreedomschool.org/ |date=2017-11-16 }} * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/sffreedomschool/ San Francisco Freedom School] * [http://www.sunflowerfreedom.org Aikin Yancin Yankin Sunflower] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kw1iljm2nhwgxtbld161skmy06zfi32 974982 974979 2026-11-01T19:10:11Z Sani Abdullahi M 27364 974982 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Soldiers pay a special visit to about 300 children at Baghdad Airport Prima DVIDS10081.jpg|thumb|Makarantu masu yanci]] '''Makarantun Ƴanci''' sun kasance na wucin gadi, a madadi na makarantun kyauta ga [[Afirkawan Amurka|Amurkawa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/articles/cd14d4z14rko.amp&ved=2ahUKEwimo6-D8PuGAxW2WUEAHbh3DvcQyM8BKAB6BAgMEAI&usg=AOvVaw1QAeK_7xQYPB0tC6Nq_6zr</nowiki></ref>[[Afirkawan Amurka|, Afirka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/babban-jamiin-jks-ya-gana-da-tawagar-alkalai-daga-afrika/&ved=2ahUKEwjjvbGn8PuGAxXCaEEAHcs0AfcQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw349FxgdP9OCoBKS7yHKXjM</nowiki></ref> galibi a [[Kudu]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://aminiya.ng/abin-da-ke-hana-yan-arewa-cin-gajiyar-siyasa-a-kudu/&ved=2ahUKEwjs6p3J8PuGAxWaU0EAHQK7DUcQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw1On7_irExTQtO79H5gWzlx</nowiki></ref>. Asalinsu wani bangare ne na wani yunƙuri na ƙasa baki daya a lokacin Kungiyoyin Hakkin Bil'adama don tsara [[Amurkawa]] na [[Afirka]] don cimma daidaiton zamantakewa, [[siyasa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/siyasa/1599283-ba-ku-tsoron-allah-malamin-musulunci-ya-kunyata-yan-siyasa-a-zaman-makokin-tsohon-gwamna/&ved=2ahUKEwi91-jk8PuGAxWyQ0EAHTUEAkYQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw1jK4heoBF9wUxoWu5qqZ36</nowiki></ref> da [[tattalin arziki]] a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Babban misali na Makarantun Ƴanci shine a [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] a lokacin bazara na alif ɗari tara da sittin da huɗu (1964). == Tarihi == Duk da hukuncin Kotun Koli na shekara ta alif ɗari tara da hamsin da huɗu (1954) a cikin ''Brown v.'' Shari'ar ''Hukumar Ilimi'' ta lalata tsarin makarantun kebe, a tsakiyar shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da sittin daidai 1960s Mississippi har yanzu tana kiyaye tsarin makarantar farare da "launi mara daidaituwa. A matsakaita, jihar ta kashe $81.66 don ilimantar da dalibi farar fata idan aka kwatanta da $21.77 kawai ga dalibi bakar fata. Mississippi ta kasance daya daga cikin jihohi biyu kacal a cikin kungiyar da ba su da dokar ilimi ta tilas kuma yara da yawa a yankunan karkara an tura su aiki a fagen kuma basu sami karancin ilimi kwata-kwataba. Hatta manhajar karatu ta banbanta na fari da baki. A matsayin misali na yau da kullun, hukumar makarantar farar fata ta Bolivar County ta ba da umarnin cewa "Ba za a koyar da harsunan waje ko al'ada a makarantun Negro ba. Kuma ba za a koyar da tarihin Amurka daga shekarata dubu daya da dari takwas da sottin 1860 zuwa shekarar dubu daya da dari takwas da saba'in da biyar 1875 ba." A karshen shekarata dubu daya da dari tara da sittin da daya da dari 1963, Charles Cobb, mai fafutuka na Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), ya ba da shawarar kungiyar ta dauki nauyin hanyar sadarwa na Makarantun 'Yanci, wanda aka yi wahayi ta hanyar misalan ra'ayi da aka yi amfani da su a baya a wasu garuruwa. A lokacin bazara na shekarata dubu daya da dari tara da sittin da uku 1963, hukumar ilimi ta gundumar Prince Edward County, Virginia ta rufe makarantun jama'a maimakon hada su bayan an gurfanar da su a shari'ar da ta biyo bayan ''Brown vs.'' ''Hukumar Ilimi'', don haka Makarantun 'Yanci suka bullo a madadinsu. A cikin Satumba, shekarar dubu daya 1963, kimanin dalibai 3,000 ne suka halarci zanga-zangar Stay Out for [[Ƴancin yin Tarayya|Freedom]] a [[Boston]], maimakon su halarci Makarantun 'Yanci na al'umma. A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1963, wanda aka fi sani da Ranar 'Yanci, sama da dalibai 200,000 suka kaura cewa Makarantun Jama'a na Chicago don nuna adawa da wariya da karancin yanayin makaranta, tare da wasu suna halartar Makarantun 'Yanci maimakon. Daga baya, a ranar 3 ga Fabrairu, shekarar 1964 a wata zanga-zangar ranar 'Yanci makamanciyar wannan, sama da dalibai 450,000 suka halarci kaura cewa makarantun jama'a na birnin New York a cikin abin da ya kasance mafi girman zanga-zangar 'yancin dan adam na shekarata 1960s, kuma har zuwa dalibai 100,000 sun halarci madadin. Makarantun 'Yanci. == Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi == An habaka Makarantun 'Yanci na Mississippi a matsayin wani bangare na shekarata 1964 Freedom Summer yancin aikin, wani gagarumin kokari wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a da ilmantar da daliban Mississippi don canjin zamantakewa. Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kasa (COFO) &#x2014; kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a na masu fafutuka da kudade da aka samo daga SNCC, CORE, NAACP, da SCLC &#x2014; a tsakanin sauran kungiyoyi, hadin gwiwar Freedom Summer. Ainihin aikin ya kasance yakin neman rajistar masu kada kuri’a a duk fadin jihar, kuma masu shirya zaben sun bukaci masu sa kai dubu daya su taimaka wajen gudanar da wannan aiki. Kuma Masu fafutuka sun yi shirin gudanar da Zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Demokradiyya mai kama da juna, saboda bakar fata masu jefa kuri'a cikin tsari ya haifar da wakilai masu farar fata zuwa Zaben shugaban kasa. Wadannan kokarce-kokarce sun kare a kirkirar Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party . Duka wakilan hukuma da Jam'iyyar Democratic Democratic Party ta Mississippi sun tafi taron a shekarata1964 na Democratic Democratic a Atlantic City, [[New Jersey]] . A cikin Disamba Shekarata 1963, a lokacin shirye-shiryen shirin bazara na 'Yanci mai zuwa, Charles Cobb ya ba da shawarar hanyar sadarwa ta "Makarantar 'Yanci" wacce za ta habaka shiga siyasa tsakanin daliban firamare da sakandare na Mississippi, baya ga bayar da darussan ilimi da tattaunawa. Masu fafutuka da ke shirya aikin bazara na 'Yanci sun yarda da shawarar Cobb kuma a cikin Maris 1964 sun shirya taron tsara tsarin karatu a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a karkashin tallafin Majalisar Ikklisiya ta kasa . Farfesan tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman Staughton Lynd an nada shi Daraktan shirin Makarantar 'Yanci. A tsawon lokacin bazarar 'Yanci, an kafa Makarantun 'Yanci sama da 40 a cikin al'ummomin baki a duk fadin Mississippi. Manufar ita ce a yi kokarin kawo karshen kaura na siyasa na Amurkawa na Afirka ta hanyar karfafa dalibai su zama Yan kasa masu himma da shiga cikin al'umma a cikin al'umma. Sama da daliban Amurkawa 3,000 na Afirka sun halarci wadannan makarantu a lokacin rani na shekarata 1964. Dalibai sun kasance tun daga kanana yara zuwa manya masu matsakaicin shekaru 15. Malamai sun kasance masu aikin sa kai, yawancin su daliban koleji ne da kansu. <ref>[http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Freedom Schools] ~ Civil Rights Movement Archive</ref> == Manufar siyasa da ilimi == An tsara Makarantun 'Yanci tare da manufofin siyasa da na ilimi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci za su ilimantar da daliban firamare da sakandare don zama wakilan canjin zamantakewa da za su shiga cikin gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a da ke gudana, galibi a kokarin rajistar masu zabe. Kuma An raba tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa sassa bakwai na asali wadanda suka yi nazarin yanayin zamantakewa, siyasa, da tattalin arzikin dangantakar kabilanci da kuma Kungiyar Hakkin Bil Adama. An karfafa habakar jagoranci, ban da karin kwarewar ilimi na gargajiya. Ilimin a Makarantun 'Yanci ya shafi dalibai ne kuma ya dace da al'ada. Sannan An gina manhajar karatu da koyarwa bisa bukatun daliban, an karfafa tattaunawa tsakanin dalibai da malamai (maimakon lacca) sannan masu tsara manhajoji sun karfafa wa malamai kwarin gwiwar yin koyarwa bisa kwarewar dalibansu. == Tsarin karatu == Bunkasa manhajar karatu ya ta’allaka ne da taron manhajar karatu, wanda ya kunshi malamai da daraktoci suna tattaunawa kan irin ilimin da za a koyar a makarantun ‘yanci. Dole ne malamai su rubuta jita-jita don tsara tsarin karatun su. An gaya musu su tuna yadda rayuwa take a Mississippi da dan gajeren lokacin da suke da shi don koyar da kayan. Dole ne tsarin karatun ya kasance mai son malamai kuma ya zama mai amfani ga dalibai nan da nan, tare da dogara kan tambayoyi da ayyuka. Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne tambayoyi da tattaunawa maimakon haddar gaskiya da kwanan wata. Kuma Umarnin ga malamai sun haɗa da: : Game da tsarin aji, tambaya shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. Ba shi da ma'ana a cika daliban da bayanan da ba zai iya fahimta ba; tambaya ita ce hanyar wayewa. . . Darajar Makarantun 'Yanci za su samu ne daga abin da malamai ke iya ba wa dalibai ta fuskar fahimta da bayyana abubuwan da suka faru. Tun da taron manhajar ya tattaro Yan kasa na asali da asali daban-daban, kayyadaddun tsarin koyarwa na karshe ya kunshi abubuwa daga asali daban-daban kuma ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku. Bangarorin uku na manhajar Makarantun ‘Yanci su ne manhajar Ilimi, manhajar zama dan kasa, da Kuma manhajar nishadi. Manufar wadannan sassan shine don koya wa dalibai canjin zamantakewa a cikin makarantar; tarihin yanki; tarihin bakar fata; yadda ake amsa budaddiyar tambayoyi; da bunkasa fasahar ilimi. Manhajar Ilimi ta kunshi karatu, rubutu, da ayyukan baki wadanda suka dogara kan abubuwan da daliban ya samu. Tsarin karatun zama dan kasa shine don karfafa dalibai su yi tambayoyi game da al'umma. Tsarin Nishadi ya bukaci daliban ya kasance mai motsa jiki. A yawancin makarantu, Manhajar zama dan kasa ta mai da hankali kan nau'ikan tambayoyi biyu masu alaka don tattaunawar aji: : Me yasa muke (malamai da dalibai) a Makarantun 'Yanci? : Menene Kungiyar 'Yanci? : Wadanne hanyoyi ne kungiyar Freedom Movement ke ba mu? : Menene yawancin al'adun da muke so? : Menene yawancin al'adun da ba mu so? : Menene muke da shi da muke so mu kiyaye? == Shekara ta farko == An bude Makarantun 'Yanci a makon farko na Yuli shekarata 1964, bayan kusan malaman sa kai na Makarantar 'Yanci 250 sun halarci zaman horo na mako guda a Kwalejin Mata ta Yamma a Oxford, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] . Shirye-shiryen na asali sun yi tsammanin Makarantun 'Yanci 25 da dalibai 1,000; a karshen bazara, an bude makarantu 41 ga dalibai sama da 2,500. An kafa Makarantun 'Yanci tare da taimako da jajircewar al'ummomin yankin, wadanda suka samar da gine-gine daban-daban na makarantu da gidaje ga malaman sa kai. Yayin da ake gudanar da wasu makarantun a wuraren shakatawa, dakunan girki, da gidajen zama, da kuma karkashin bishiyoyi, yawancin azuzuwan ana gudanar da su ne a cikin majami'u ko ginshiƙan coci. Halartar ta bambanta a duk lokacin bazara. Wasu makarantu sun sami daidaiton halarta, amma banda wannan. Saboda halartan taron bai zama tilas ba, daukar ma'aikata da kuma kula da zuwan kila shine kalubalen firamare da makarantun suka fuskanta. Kuma A Clarksdale, Mississippi, alal misali, matsakaicin yawan halartar dalibai a cikin makon farko ya kasance goma sha biyar, mako na biyu kuma takwas ne, amma a kowane lokaci a lokacin bazara, makarantar na iya samun halartar dalibai kusan talatin da biyar. Ba kasafai ba ne manya su rika zuwa aji akai-akai. An canza umarni bisa yanayin gida. A yankunan karkara da ake sa ran dalibai za su yi aiki a lokacin makaranta, yawanci ana yin karatu da daddare. A makarantun da ke kula da lokutan makaranta na al'ada, yawanci a cikin birane, ana ba da tsarin karatun zama dan kasa da kwasa-kwasan ilimi na gargajiya da safe kuma ana ba da azuzuwan na musamman kamar kida, wasan kwaikwayo, Kuma da buga rubutu da rana. A yawancin lokuta, za a kebe duk kwanakin makaranta don kokarin yin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a. Ya zama wajibi ga masu fafutuka na SNCC cewa za a saka hannun jari ga dalibai a ayyukan hakkin jama'a saboda ana sa ran wannan dalibai zai ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin jihar don aiwatar da canjin zamantakewa. A ƙarshen lokacin Makarantar 'Yanci, masu fafutuka da dalibai sun shirya taron jagorancin dalibai a ranar 8 ga Agusta, shekarata 1964, ranar bayan jana'izar James Chaney, daya daga cikin wadanda aka kashe a kisan Chaney, Goodman, da Schwerner . An gudanar da taron a Meridian, Mississippi, a tsohuwar Makarantar Baptist ta Meridian . An bayyana makarantar a matsayin "fadar da'irar Makarantar 'Yanci." Kowace Makarantar 'Yanci ta aika wakilai uku zuwa taron don samar da dandalin matasa don Jam'iyyar Democratic Freedom Democratic Party. Wakilan daliban sun tattauna batutuwan da suka shafi ayyuka, makarantu, harkokin kasashen waje, da matsugunan jama'a tare da ba da shawarwari ga jam'iyyar jihar. A karshen taron, dalibai sun shirya wata sanarwa da ta bukaci samun masaukin jama'a, Kuma ka'idojin gine-gine na kowane gida, hadaddiyar makarantu, tsarin ayyukan jama'a, da kuma nada kwararrun baki zuwa mukaman jihohi. Malaman Makarantun 'Yanci da dalibai sun ci gaba da jajircewa kan manufar Makarantar 'Yanci. A farkon watan Agustan shekarata 1964, an shirya shirye-shiryen ci gaba da Makarantun 'Yanci a cikin shekarar makaranta mai zuwa, kuma wasu malaman sa kai sun riga sun amince su zauna. Dalibai sun yanke shawarar, duk da haka, yayin taron Makarantar 'Yanci a farkon watan Agusta don ba za su ci gaba da makarantun ba. Duk da haka dalibai sun aiwatar da jagoranci da gwagwarmayar da suka samu a lokacin bazara a makarantunsu. Wasu daliban sun koma makaranta kuma sun bukaci ingantattun kayan aiki da karin kwasa-kwasai. Dalibai a Philadelphia, Mississippi, sun dawo makaranta sanye da maballan "Mutum daya, Kuri'a daya" SNCC &#x2014; wanda aka kore su. == Makarantar Ranar Makarantar Freedom, Philadelphia == John E. Churchville ne ya kafa Laburaren 'Yanci na Philadelphia a shekarata 1964. A cikin Yan shekaru masu zuwa ya fara ba da azuzuwan yamma kuma daga karshe ya mai da dakin karatu zuwa makaranta. Bayan kafuwar wannan makaranta, ya shirya gajerun kasidu da aka buga a cikin littafin, ''What Black Educators Are Saying'', wanda [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/24/obituaries/nathan-wright-jr-black-power-advocate-dies-at-81.html Nathan Wright Jr. ya] shirya kuma aka buga a shekarata 1970. Wannan makala ta kunshi yawancin tunanin Churchville game da yanayin motsi na Black Power da kuma ra'ayoyinsa na koyarwa na sabuwar Makarantar 'Yanci. Ya raina ra'ayoyin duka kungiyoyin al'adu da masu ci gaban kasa a matsayin facade kuma ba hakora ba. A gare shi, Harkar kishin kasa ta juyin juya hali wacce ta yi kira ga cikakken juyin juya hali a nan da kuma ko'ina a doron kasa, ita ce mafi inganci da gaskiya ga ka'idojinta. Sun gano batutuwan cikin rukuni da na daidaikun mutane da ke fuskantar bakar fata a Amurka kuma hanya daya tilo ta zama dan juyin juya hali da gaske ita ce ta sake haihuwa; wani iko na waje ya yi aiki wanda ya fara kawar da ku daga wadannan gazawar. Makarantun da kansu sun dogara ne akan tsari mai sauki na fifiko. Idan ilimi shine shigar matasa cikin tsarin akida, to dole ne Makarantar 'Yanci ta sake ilmantar da yaran bakaken fata su yi watsi da babbar akida tare da gina sabon tsari. Don yin wannan, kashi na farko na koyarwa da za a kafa dole ne ya zama sabuwar akidar makarantar. Bayan haka, Kuma dole ne a nemo malaman da za su iya dinke barakar da ke tsakanin asali da kuma ketare, kasancewar su darasi ne ga dalibansu na ciki da wajen aji. A karshe, an tsara tsarin karatun don bayyana ainihin halin da baƙar fata ke ciki da kuma koyar da kayan aiki da kwarewa don magance wannan gaskiyar. Tsarin karatun kamar yadda Churchville ya bayyana abin hawa ne kawai don koyar da gaskiyar juyin juya hali; abubuwan da ke ciki galibi basu da mahimmanci kamar yadda bincike ne wanda zai nuna gaskiyar. Hukumar FBI ta kai farmaki makarantar ne a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, shekarata 1966, bisa zargin tanada kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda. Bayan farmakin, Churchville ya daina fafutuka. == Gado == Za a iya ganin wani bangare na gadon Makarantar 'Yanci a cikin makarantun da ke rike da suna a yau: Akwesasne Freedom School a kan Mohawk Indian ajiyar ; Makarantun 'Yanci a St. Louis, [[Missouri (jiha)|Missouri]] da [[Chicago]], Illinois, Tyree Scott Freedom School a Seattle, Washington, da Makarantar 'Yanci ta Paulo Freire a Tucson, Arizona. Asusun Tsaron Yara (CDF) yana gudanar da shirin Makarantar 'Yanci na zamani a duk fadin kasar. An hada wannan shirin ta hanyar bakar fata Al'umma na Crusade don Yara na Asusun Tsaro na Yara. Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na CDF na kasa yana aiki sama da wuraren shirye-shiryen bazara 130 a cikin jihohi 24 a fadin kasar wadanda ke hidima ga yara kusan 12,000. A [[Michigan]] kungiyar Black Radical Congress a [[Detroit]] ta kaddamar da kamfen don kirkirar samfuri bisa ga Makarantun 'Yanci. Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia yunƙuyri ne na ilimin al'umma mai zaman kansa wanda ke aiki da sigar zamani na tsarin karatun Mississippi tare da mai da hankali kan tallafin karatu, Kuma aikin zamantakewa da jagoranci tsakanin tsararraki. Ana shirya Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2010-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419163246/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta hanyar hukumar jagora, Al'umma A Makarantu. <ref>http://www.cisphl.org</ref> Jami'ar 'Yanci [[Atlanta|ta Atlanta]], makarantar 'yanci ta zamani kuma makaranta ce kawai a cikin duniya inda duk dalibai ba su da takardar izinin shiga ba tare da izini ba, suna ba da kyauta na koyarwa, sannan tsarin karatun koleji na 'yanci wanda ke taimakawa matasa marasa izini su sami ilimi mafi girma. == Duba wasu abubuwan == * Ruleville, Mississippi * Gluckstadt, Mississippi * Carthage, Mississippi == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * William Sturkey da Jon N. Hale (eds. ), ''Don Rubuta cikin Hasken 'Yanci: Jaridu na Makarantun 'Yancin Mississippi na 1964.'' Jackson, MS: Jami'ar Jami'ar Mississippi, 2015. * Jon N. Hale, ''Makarantun 'Yanci: Masu fafutuka na dalibai a cikin Kungiyar Hakkin Bil'adama ta Mississippi'' . (New York: Jami'ar Columbia Press, 2016) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/ED_FSC.html 1964 MS Freedom School Curriculum] * [http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html/ Tarihin Makarantar 'Yanci ta Mississippi & Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203045010/http://www.watson.org/~lisa/blackhistory/civilrights-55-65/missippi.html |date=2020-02-03 }} * [http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 Darussa daga Lokacin bazara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115163305/http://www.commoncouragepress.com/index.cfm?action=book&bookid=388 |date=2017-01-15 }} ~ tallafin littafin karatu don nazarin Tsarin Makarantun 'Yanci na 1964 * [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm Wurin Ilimi na Spartacus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104091730/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAschoolF.htm |date=2013-11-04 }} * [http://www.sfacs.us/ Sankofa Freedom Academy Charter School] * [http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html Bayani game da Bakin Al'umma Crusade ga Yara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030027/http://www.haleyfarm.org/freedom.html |date=2016-03-04 }} * [http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/FSCfiles/A_02_Introduction.htm Lokacin bazara da Makarantun 'Yanci] * [http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html Bayanin Shirin Makarantun 'Yanci na Philadelphia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422005845/http://philadelphiafreedomschools.blogs.com/home/pd.html |date=2008-04-22 }} * [http://www.crmvet.org/tim/tim64b.htm#1964freeschool Makarantun 'Yanci] ~ Taskar 'Yancin Jama'a * [http://chicagofreedomschool.org/ Makarantar 'Yanci ta Chicago] * [http://garyfreedomschool.org/ Makarantar Gary Freedom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002045/http://garyfreedomschool.org/ |date=2017-11-16 }} * [http://educationanddemocracy.org/sffreedomschool/ San Francisco Freedom School] * [http://www.sunflowerfreedom.org Aikin Yancin Yankin Sunflower] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3vm5rydtsjrpqzq2tc2swqjnk62g6fo 0 30849 975055 142802 2026-11-01T22:29:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Cibiyar Manyan Yan Kasa''', (Turanci:Senior Citizen Centre'') wata hukuma ce ta Najeriya a ƙarƙashin Ma'aikatar Agaji, Gudanar da Bala'i da Kula da Jama'a<ref>{{Cite web |last=Osuji |first=Grace |date=2021-06-08 |title=FG Inaugurate Board Of National Senior Citizens Centre, Approves National Policy On Ageing |url=https://fmic.gov.ng/fg-inaugurate-board-of-national-senior-citizens-centre-approves-national-policy-on-ageing/ |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=Federal Ministry of Information and Culture |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330231835/https://fmic.gov.ng/fg-inaugurate-board-of-national-senior-citizens-centre-approves-national-policy-on-ageing/ |archive-date=2022-03-30 |url-status=dead}}</ref>. Shugaban Najeriya [[Muhammadu Buhari|Muhamadu Buhari]] ya amince da kafa cibiyar manyan mutane ta ƙasa kamar yadda sashe na 16(2) (d) na kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya na shekara ta 1999 ya tanada. Wannan gyare-gyaren Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya sa ya zama wajibi ga duk jihohi don samar da isassun ayyuka na zamantakewa ga tsofaffi a cikin al'umma da kuma inganta rayuwar su a matsayin manyan 'yan ƙasa. Mai ritaya Air Vice-Marshal MA Muhammad ya samu muƙamin shugaban hukumar ta shugaban ƙasa Muhammadu Buhari.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-07 |title=FG inaugurates board for national senior citizens centre |url=https://www.thecable.ng/fg-inaugurates-board-for-national-senior-citizens-centre |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-07 |title=FG inaugurates board for national senior citizens centre |url=https://www.thecable.ng/fg-inaugurates-board-for-national-senior-citizens-centre |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> Dokta Emem Omokaro shi ne Darakta Janar na cibiyar, kuma a wata hira da ta yi da shi, ta bayyana cewa ana ci gaba da tsare-tsare na jawo tsofaffin ƴan ƙasa a cikin al’umma don bayar da tasu gudunmawar a harkokin tattalin arziki a yankunansu daban-daban. An kafa wannan babbar cibiyar ƴan kyasa a ƙarƙashin ma’aikatar kula da ayyukan jin kai da kula da bala’o’i da jin dadin jama’a wacce ta riƙe Hajiya Sadiya Farouq a matsayin minista.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |title=Buhari establishes centre for Nigeria senior citizens |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/464950-buhari-establishes-centre-for-nigerias-senior-citizens-appoints-board-members.html |website=Premium Times}}</ref> Ministar Hajia Sadiya Farouq ta bayyana hakan ne a yayin kaddamar da aikin a ranar 7 ga watan Yuni 2021 a cibiyar samar da albarkatun kasa ta Najeriya, Abuja cewa an amince da manufar tsufa don kare hakkin tsofaffi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-07 |title=FG inaugurates board for national senior citizens centre |url=https://www.thecable.ng/fg-inaugurates-board-for-national-senior-citizens-centre |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Hukumomi]] j2xj48xhhf50qm1l29fxx446r9k16o3 0 31190 975093 916248 2026-11-02T02:45:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Călin Georgescu''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1962) babban ƙwararren ɗan ƙasar [[Romainiya|Romania]] ne a cikin ci gaba mai dorewa, tare da ƙwararren ƙwarewa a fagen, bayan shekaru 17 na hidima a yankin muhalli a cikin tsarin [[Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]]. An nada Georgescu a matsayin darektan zartarwa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Global Sustainable Index Institute a Geneva da Vaduz na lokacin 2015-2016. Kafin wannan, ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Cibiyar Nazarin Turai don Club of Rome (2013-2015). Hakanan memba ne na Club of Rome International a [[Switzerland]]. == Ilimi == An haifi Georgescu a unguwar Cotroceni na [[Bukarest|Bucharest]], ɗan Scarlat Georgescu da Aneta Georgescu, ''née'' Popescu.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cadranpolitic.ro/calin-georgescu-fisa-de-cadre/|title=Călin Georgescu, fișă de cadre|language=ro|first=Virginia|last=Mircea|website=www.cadranpolitic.ro|date=December 17, 2020|access-date=February 9, 2022|archive-date=November 25, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125121004/https://cadranpolitic.ro/calin-georgescu-fisa-de-cadre/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya kammala karatun digiri na Kwalejin Reclamation Land, Nicolae Bălcescu Institute of Agronomy a Bucharest (1986) kuma ya sami Ph.D. a cikin ilimin ƙasa a 1999. == Aiki == Georgescu ya yi aiki a matsayin babban darektan Cibiyar ci gaba mai dorewa ta kasa a Bucharest daga 2000 zuwa 2013. Wani ikon da aka amince da shi a cikin tsare-tsare da tsara manufofin jama'a, Gwamnatin Romania ta nada shi don daidaita haɓaka nau'ikan dabarun ci gaba mai dorewa na ƙasa (a cikin 1999 da 2008), daidai da jagororin Dabarun Turai don Dorewa. Ci gaba. Ya haɗu da cikakken ilimin ka'idoji da ayyuka na ci gaba mai dorewa tare da ƙwarewar aikin hannu ta hanyar yin aiki tare da masu ruwa da tsaki a cikin jama'a da masu zaman kansu da kuma tare da ƙungiyoyin jama'a don tsarawa, aiwatarwa da kuma bi ta hanyar kammala wasu ayyuka na musamman a karkashin gida. Ajanda 21 (wanda Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya qaddamar a 1992) don fiye da gundumomin Romania 40. Wani tsohon babban jami'in shirin ci gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Georgescu ya kuma rike mukamai daban-daban a cikin tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, kamar Wakilin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na musamman game da illar haramtacciyar motsi da zubar da kayayyaki masu guba da haɗari da sharar gida kan jin daɗin 'yancin ɗan adam Wakilin kwamitin UNEP na kasar Romania. Ya kuma rike mukamai kamar: Mai ba da shawara ga Ministan Muhalli, Sakatare Janar na Ma'aikatar Muhalli, Daraktan Sashen Kungiyoyin Tattalin Arziki na Duniya a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Romania, Babban Sakatare Janar na Ƙungiyar Rum ta Rum da kuma zartarwa. darektan Cibiyar kere-kere da ayyukan raya kasa. A cewar wata sanarwa da aka bayar a watan Nuwamba 2020, Georgescu ya bayyana cewa Ion Antonescu da Corneliu Zelea Codreanu jarumai ne wanda ta hanyarsu "ya rayu tarihin kasa, ta hanyar su yana magana kuma ya faɗi tarihin ƙasa kuma ba ta hanyar rashin ƙarfi na ikon duniya da ke jagorantar Romania a yau ba. na dan lokaci".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.digi24.ro/stiri/actualitate/politica/cine-este-calin-georgescu-propunerea-aur-pentru-functia-de-premier-1417286|title=Cine este Călin Georgescu, propunerea AUR pentru funcția de premier|publisher=[[Digi24]]|access-date=2021-10-08|language=ro}}</ref> An gabatar da Georgescu a matsayin Firayim Minista ta Alliance for the Union of Romanians (AUR), jam'iyyar da ta shiga Majalisar Romania bayan zaben majalisar dokokin Romania na Disamba 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=AUR a anunțat pe cine va propune ca premier: "Călin Georgescu este un român patriot"|url=https://stirileprotv.ro/stiri/politic/aur-a-anuntat-pe-cine-va-propune-ca-premier-calin-georgescu-este-un-roman-patriot.html|access-date=2020-12-07|website=Stirileprotv.ro}}</ref> A lokacin rikicin siyasar Romania na 2021 wanda ya haifar da tsige shi daga ofishin majalisar ministocin Cîțu, jam'iyyar ta sake ba shi shawara.<ref>{{cite web|title=Simion: "AUR propune un premier independent, care să respecte interesele națiunii române"|url=https://stirileprotv.ro/stiri/politic/simion-aur-propune-un-premier-independent-care-sa-respecte-interesele-natiunii-romane.html|website=Știrile Pro TV|date=11 October 2021|language=ro|access-date=11 October 2021}}</ref> Kafofin yada labarai da dama sun soki Georgescu saboda kalamansa na goyon bayan Rasha, wasu ma suna daukarsa a matsayin wakilin muradun Rasha a Romania.<ref name="Ziariștii_2021-04-072">{{Citation|url=https://ziaristii.com/calin-georgescu-aur-la-pandele-tv-promovat-de-sputnik-sansa-romaniei-este-intelepciunea-ruseasca-complexul-militar-industrial-american-este-interesat-sa-impinga-catre-un-conflict/|title=Călin Georgescu-AUR, rusofil pe față la Pandele TV, promovat de Sputnik: "Șansa României este înțelepciunea rusească. Complexul militar industrial american este interesat să împingă către un conflict" - Ziariștii|newspaper=Ziariștii|date=2021-04-07|access-date=2021-04-07}}</ref><ref name="Europa Liberă România_2021-11-082">{{Citation|url=https://romania.europalibera.org/a/aur-si-propaganda-rusa/31498813.html|title=Cum propagă grupurile de Facebook ale AUR propaganda rusă|publisher=Europa Liberă România|date=|accessdate=2021-11-08}}</ref> == Labarai == * Romania a Crossroads, Editura Logos, Bucuresti, 2014 da Editura Christiana, 2016 (bugu na biyu da aikin ƙasar) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130327182424/http://www.ipid.ro/reprofesionalizarea/?p=629 "Pentru un ideal comun"] [Don Neman Manufa gama gari], Kamfanin Bugawa na Kamfanin, Bucharest, 2012. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130327214110/http://www.ipid.ro/wordpress/?p=453 "Romaniya după criză.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20130327214110/http://www.ipid.ro/wordpress/?p=453 Reprofesionalizarea"] [Romania bayan rikicin. Sake fasalin Professionalwararru], masu gudanarwa {{Interlanguage link|Mircea Malița|ro}} da Călin Georgescu, Kamfanin Bugawa na Kamfanin, Bucharest, 2010. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140712155919/http://www.ipid.ro/rr3_docs/rr3.pdf "Trezirea la realitate"] [Kira na Farkawa], a cikin ''Rumunan bayan-criză.'' ''Reprofesionalizarea României III'' [ ''Romania bayan'' Rikicin], Rahoton IPID na 3, Bucharest, 2010, shafi.&nbsp;5-15. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150506021417/http://www.ipid.ro/documente/rr2_ro.pdf "Recladirea capitalului uman"] [Rebuilding Human Capital], in ''Șansa României: oamenii.'' ''Reprofesionalizarea României II'' [ ''Dama ga Romania: Yin fare akan Mutane'' ], Rahoton IPID na 2, București, 2009, shafi.&nbsp;7-18. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120309011236/http://www.clubofrome.ro/php/publications_files/pdfs/1262766668.pdf "Romania a Hauwa'u na Millennium na Uku"], a cikin Millennium III, batu na musamman a kan "Wane Sojoji ne ke Tuki Turai?, Taron Tarayyar Turai na Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyar Roma", Bucharest, 23-24 May 2008, pp.&nbsp;95-103. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140211082435/http://www.ipid.ro/documente/rr1_ro.pdf ''"Reprofesionalizarea României"''] [Sake fasalin ''Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru a Romania'' ], Rahoton IPID na 1st, Bucharest, 2008; marubuci kuma edita. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20211215215920/https://cndd.ro/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/SNDD_2008_EN_.pdf ''Dabarun Ci gaban Dorewar Ƙasa ta Romania 2013-2020-2030''], (akwai cikin Romanian da Ingilishi), Gwamnatin Romania, Bucharest, 2008; Manajan Ayyuka. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160908065114/http://cndd.ro/documents_local_agenda_21.html ''Planurile Locale de Dezvoltare Durabilă “Agenda Locală 21”''] [Shirye-shiryen Ci gaba Mai Dorewa na Gida ƙarƙashin Tsarin Gida na 21], don ƙananan hukumomi 40, 2000-2008; Manajan Ayyuka. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230129105922/https://cndd.ro/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/NSSD_1999_EN.pdf ''Dabarun ci gaba mai dorewa na ƙasa''], (samuwa cikin Romanian da Ingilishi), Shirin Raya Ƙasa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Bucharest, 1999; Manajan Ayyuka. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230129105944/https://cndd.ro/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Romania_2020.pdf ''Romania 2020''], Editura Conspress, București, 1998, Edita. == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Club of Rome ( https://www.clubofrome.org/ ) * Cibiyar Nazarin Turai ta Club of Rome ( http://www.clubofrome.eu/ ) * Cibiyar Ma'anar Dorewa ta Duniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya - UNGSII ( http://www.ungsii.org/ ) * Hakkokin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya - Ofishin Babban Kwamishina - OHCHR ( http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Pages/Home.aspx ) * Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya - UNDP ( http://www.undp.org/ * Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya - UNEP ( http://www.unep.org/ ) * Cibiyar ci gaba mai dorewa ta ƙasa Dezvoltare Durabilă ( http://www.ncsd.ro {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150816045711/http://www.ncsd.ro/ |date=2015-08-16 }} ) * Strategia Națională pentru Dezvoltarea Durabilă a României / National Sustainable Development Strategy ( http://strategia.ncsd.ro/ ) === Labarai da hirarraki === * {{YouTube|id=mhPyLLadmgs|title=Legile Afacerilor – Călin Georgescu}} - [[TVR 2]] - "Legile Afacerilor" (Dokokin Kasuwanci), 5 Satumba 2016 - a cikin Romanian * [http://adevarul.ro/news/politica/adevarul-live-ora-1400-calin-georgescu-lider-clubul-roma-despre-nationalism-ortodoxie-lupta-politica-1_5757c7815ab6550cb8c110bf/index.html Călin Georgescu despre naționalism, ortodoxie, lupta politică] - 8 Yuni 2016 - in Romanian * [http://www.corectnews.com/politics/calin-georgescu-nu-recunosc-conducerea-acestei-tari Călin Georgescu: "Nu recunosc conducerea acestei țări"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306065929/http://www.corectnews.com/politics/calin-georgescu-nu-recunosc-conducerea-acestei-tari |date=2023-03-06 }}, 29 Maris 2015 - in Romanian * [http://meritocratia.ro/2014/10/calin-georgescu-interviu-la-realitatea-tv/ Călin Georgescu - interviu la Realitatea TV] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220080033/http://meritocratia.ro/2014/10/calin-georgescu-interviu-la-realitatea-tv/ |date=2016-12-20 }}, 25 Satumba 2014 - in Romanian * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161220171359/http://www.initiativepentruromania.ro/calin-georgescu-interviu-manifest-romania-are-nevoie-de-un-stat-care-isi-serveste-cu-abnegatie-cetatenii-si-nu-de-unul-care-slugareste-capitalul-international-2/ "Romania are nevoie de un stat care își servește cu abnegație cetățenii"], 3 ga Maris 2014 - in Romanian * [http://fundatiacndd.blogspot.ro/2013/03/lideri-priceputi-decizii-cruciale.html "Lideri farashin.] [http://fundatiacndd.blogspot.ro/2013/03/lideri-priceputi-decizii-cruciale.html Babban mahimmanci"] -a cikin Romanian, [http://fundatiacndd.blogspot.ro/2013/03/skilled-leaders-for-crucial-decisions.html “Skilled Leaders for Crucial Decisions”] a cikin Ingilishi, kalmar mafari zuwa [http://www.compania.ro/ fitowar Romanian na "Bankrupting Nature, Denying our Planetary Boundaries" na Anders Wijkman da Johan Rockström]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (kamfani, Bucharest, 2013) -a cikin Turanci. * " [http://www.bursa.ro/calin-georgescu-trebuie-restabilit-echilibrul-intre-rationalitatea-economica-si-suportabilitatea-sociala-145901&s=ziua_zeuro&articol=145901.html Trebuie restabilit echilibrul între raţionalitatea economică şi suportabilitatea socială"], hira da Adina Ardeleanu, BURSA, 27 Oktoba 2011. - in Romanian * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120331102126/http://inregistrari.antena3.ro/view-26_Aug-2011-Vorbe_grele_cu_Victor_Ciutacu-30.html BIDIYO Călin Georgescu este invitatul lui Victor Ciutacu la emisiunea "Vorbe Grele" la Antena 3], 26 Agusta 2011. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120328123418/http://romaniapress.ro/interviuri/9657-exclusivitate-avem-ce-invata-de-la-altii-dar-problemele-noastre-tot-noi-trebuie-sa-le-rezolvam.html "Avem ce învăța de la alții, dar problemele noastre tot noi trebuie să le rezolvam"], hira da Călin Georgescu na RomaniaPress.ro, 3 Agusta 2011. - in Romanian * [http://www.romanialibera.ro/opinii/interviuri/nisa-romaniei-agricultura-eco-230220.html "Nişa României: agricultura eco"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008110439/http://www.romanialibera.ro/opinii/interviuri/nisa-romaniei-agricultura-eco-230220.html |date=2012-10-08 }} : Călin Georgescu, darektan executiv al Centrului Naţional pentru Dezvoltare Durabilă din România ["Romania's Niche: bio noma": Călin Georgescu, babban darektan Cibiyar ci gaba mai dorewa ta kasa, Sabina Fati, hira da Sabina Fati. 5 Yuli 2011.-a cikin Romanian * [http://www.wall-street.ro/live-text/Solutii-pentru-o-relansare-economica-imediata-Expertul-Calin-Georgescu-la-Dezbaterile-Wall-Street-ro_34.html Ƙwararrawar tattalin arziƙi: Masanin Călin Georgescu la Dezbaterile Wall-Street.ro] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125145007/https://www.wall-street.ro/live-text/Solutii-pentru-o-relansare-economica-imediata-Expertul-Calin-Georgescu-la-Dezbaterile-Wall-Street-ro_34.html |date=2022-01-25 }} [Maɓallai don farfaɗo da tattalin arziƙin ƙasar nan da nan: kwararre Călin Georgescu a muhawarar Wall-Street.ro], 4 Yuli 2011.- in Romanian * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110818055115/http://www.tvr.ro/articol.php?id=105268 BIDIYO: "Pentru omenire, criza actuală nu este o problemă, ci ceea ce urmează după ea"] 1 ga Yuni, 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110823083021/http://www.tvr.ro/inregistrari.php Emisunea PRIM PLAN – integrala] poate fi vazuta la INREGISTRARILE SAPTAMANII, Luni: 20-06-2011.- in Romanian * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110805081116/http://www.cadranpolitic.ro/?p=4140 "Viitorul va fi al creierului și al minții" Makoma] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110805073503/http://www.cadranpolitic.ro/?p=4145 Za ta kasance na Kwakwalwa da Hankali], hira da Roxana Mazilu, Cadran Politic, Afrilu 2011. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110324003901/http://www.tvr.ro/articol.php?id=99484 BIDIYO "Interviu în exclusivitate cu Călin Georgescu, unul dintre liderii europeni ai grupului de la Roma"] Romanian * Despre soluții pentru o relansare economică imediată a țării [Maɓallan farfaɗowar tattalin arziƙin ƙasa nan take], hira da Dr. Alex Todericiu, 15 Disamba 2010, Wall Street, [http://www.wall-street.ro/articol/Economie/96663/INTERVIU-Calin-Georgescu-Despre-solutii-pentru-o-relansare-economica-imediata-a-tarii.html INTERVIU - Calin Georgescu: Despre solutii pentru o relansare economica imediata a tarii] (in Romanian) . * "Poporul român va dainui, criza e provocată de trufie și lacomie" [Mutanen Romania za su daure. Rashin banza da kwaɗayi sun jefa mu cikin rikici.], hira da Irina Ursu da Lucian Hainăroșie, 16 Nuwamba 2010, www.ziare.com, [http://www.ziare.com/social/romani/calin-georgescu-poporul-roman-va-dainui-criza-e-provocata-de-trufie-si-lacomie-interviu-ziare-com-1055795 Calin Georgescu: Poporul roman va dainui, criza e provocata de trufie si lacomie - Interviu] (a cikin Romanian). * "Sunt oameni pregătiţi să-şi dedice viaţa reconstruirii acestei ţări" [Muna da mutanen da suke shirye su bauta wa ƙasar] ta Anca Hriban da Roland Cătălin Pena, 29 Oktoba 2010, Ziua Veche, [http://www.ziuaveche.ro/opinii/intalnirile-ziua-veche/7729-intalnirile-ziuavechero-clin-georgescu-sunt-oameni-pregtii-s-i-dedice-viaa-reconstruirii-acestei-ri.html#comments] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130072558/http://ziuaveche.ro/opinii/intalnirile-ziua-veche/7729-intalnirile-ziuavechero-clin-georgescu-sunt-oameni-pregtii-s-i-dedice-viaa-reconstruirii-acestei-ri.html#comments |date=2010-11-30 }} (a cikin Romanian). * ”Călin Georgescu: ''Romania nu este aceasta'' ” [Călin Georgescu: ''Wannan ba Romania ba'' ce], hira da George Rădulescu, 15 Oktoba 2010, Adevărul, [http://www.adevarul.ro/la_masa_adevarului/Calin_Georgescu-_-Romania_nu_este_aceasta_0_353365205.html Călin Georgescu: „Romani nu este aceasta”] (a cikin Romanian). * BIDIYO. "Expertul Călin Georgescu la videochatul Adevărul: ''În patru ani, Romania ar putea să devină lider'' ''european'' [http://www.adevarul.ro/actualitate/Expertul_in_Dezvoltare_Durabila_Calin_Georgescu_va_fi_prezent_de_la_ora_13-00_la_vidochatul_adevarul-ro_0_348565358.html " www.adevarul.ro/actualitate/Expertul_in_Dezvoltare_Drabila_Calin_Georgescu_va_fi_prezent_de_la_ora_13-00_la_vidochatul_adevarul-ro_0_348565358.html] (a cikin Romanian). * "Măsurile de austeritate sunt luate pe genunchi" [Austerity Measures in a Rush], hira da Călin Georgescu na Stelian Negrea, Financiarul, 15 Yuni 2010, [https://web.archive.org/web/20100620030447/http://www.financiarul.com/articol_46290/calin-georgescu-masurile-de-austeritate-sunt-luate-pe-genunchi.html Calin Georgescu: "Masurile de austeritate sunt luate pe genunchi" | Interviu] (a cikin Romanian). * “N-am văzut încă o gândire coerentă pentru repornirea motoarelor economiei” [Babu Haɗin Kai akan Sake Fara Injin Tattalin Arziki], hira da Călin Georgescu na Cristian Andrei, Puterea, 13 ga Mayu 2010, (a cikin Romanian). * "Haɗa da drum cu profesioniștii!" [Tafi tare da ƙwararrun], labarin ta Călin Georgescu, Manufofin Ƙasashen Waje na Romania, Satumba/Oktoba 2009; [https://web.archive.org/web/20100503111127/http://www.ipid.ro/wordpress/?p=157 Mai sana'a » Taskar Blog » Mergeti la drum cu profesionistii!] [https://web.archive.org/web/20100503111127/http://www.ipid.ro/wordpress/?p=157 - Blogul Alianței Profesioniștilor pentru Progres] (cikin Romanian). * "Profesioniştii strâng rândurile pentru Romania" [Masu Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Romania], hira da Călin Georgescu, Jurnalul Național, 9 Yuli 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20100502043722/http://www.jurnalul.ro/stire-politic/profesionistii-strang-randurile-pentru-romania-514091.html "Profesioniştii strâng rândurile pentru România"] (a cikin Romanian). * "Reprofesionalizarea României" [Sake fasalin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Rumaniya], hira da Călin Georgescu na Cristian Banu, Siyasa Cadran, No 67, 2009, [http://arhiva.cadranpolitic.ro/view_article.asp?item=2816 Cadran politic - Revista lunara de analiza si informare politica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309175424/http://arhiva.cadranpolitic.ro/view_article.asp?item=2816 |date=2012-03-09 }} (a cikin Romanian). * "Incompetenţa generează corupţia" [Rashin Ƙarfafa Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru], hira da Călin Georgescu na Ovidiu Nahoi, Adevărul, 9 Disamba 2008, [http://www.adevarul.ro/actualitate/eveniment/Incompetenta-genereaza-coruptia_0_25197567.html http://www.adevarul.ro/actualitate/eveniment/Incompetenta-genereaza-251tia_6] Romanian . === Kafofin yada labarai sun ruwaito === * [http://www.activenews.ro/stiri-politic/Afirmatii-fara-precedent-facute-in-direct-la-Televiziunea-Nationala-Romania-nu-mai-este-un-stat-ci-o-corporatie-condusa-de-straini.-In-ultimii-26-ani-Romania-a-pierdut-peste-UN-TRILION-de-euro-mai-mult-decat-a-pierdut-de-la-Stefan-cel-Mare-pana-n-89-138517 "Romania nu mai este un stat, ci o corporatie condusa de straini"], 22 Nuwamba 2016 - in Romanian * [http://www.romanialibera.ro/special/reportaje/cine-sunt-oamenii-din-spatele-miscarii-%E2%80%9Emotivatia--romania%E2%80%9C-348314 "Motivatia: Romania"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104232414/http://romanialibera.ro/special/reportaje/cine-sunt-oamenii-din-spatele-miscarii-%E2%80%9Emotivatia--romania%E2%80%9C-348314 |date=2018-01-04 }}, 1 Satumba 2014 - in Romanian * [http://www.csr-romania.ro/articole-si-analize/concepte-de-baza/877-o-solutie-pentru-iesirea-din-criza-dezvoltarea-durabila.html "Ya soluție pentru ieșirea din criză: dezvoltarea durabilă"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625103655/https://csr-romania.ro/articole-si-analize/concepte-de-baza/877-o-solutie-pentru-iesirea-din-criza-dezvoltarea-durabila.html |date=2022-06-25 }} [Hanyar fita daga cikin rikicin: ci gaba mai dorewa], labarin da Green Revolution Association, 9 Nuwamba 2010, CSR Romania. - in Romanian * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101014024001/http://www.cotidianul.ro/126184-Romania_dupa_criza_Reprofesionalizarea "Romani după-criză.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20101014024001/http://www.cotidianul.ro/126184-Romania_dupa_criza_Reprofesionalizarea Reprofesionalizarea"] [Romania bayan Rikicin. Sake fasalin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru], na Dumitru Constantin, 12 Oktoba 2010, Cotidianul. - in Romanian * "Reprofesionalizarea României: Călin Georgescu, Dan Puric da Dumitru Costin" [Sake fasalin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Romania: Călin Georgescu, Dan Puric da Dumitru Costin], na I.Culianu, Wordpress, 23 Yuni 2010, [http://culianu.wordpress.com/2010/06/23/reprofesionalizarea-romaniei-calin-georgescu-dan-puric-si-dumitru-costin-2/ Reprofesionalizarea Romaniemi, Dan Georges Dumitru: Calitrun Costin] . * "Desemnarea unui reprezentant al României în funcţia de Raportor na musamman ONU" [Nadin Wakilin Romania a matsayin Wakilin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Musamman], Sanarwar manema labarai, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje, Bucharest, 21 Yuni 2010, [http://www.mae.ro/index.php?unde=doc&id=44086&idlnk=2&cat=4 http://www.mae.ro/index] . [http://www.mae.ro/index.php?unde=doc&id=44086&idlnk=2&cat=4 .php?unde=doc&id=44086&idlnk=2&cat=4] . * "Pledoarie pentru competenţă, distributism şi economie civică" [Plea for Competence, Distributive Growth and Civic Economy] na Ovidiu Hurduzeu, 18 Yuni 2010, [http://atreiafortaromaniaprofunda.blogspot.com/2010/06/o-pledoarie-pentru-competenta.html http://atreifortaromaniaprofunda.blogspot.com/2010/2010 gwargwado.html] . * "Reprofesionalizarea României - lansarea unui proiect naţional" [Sake fasalin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Romania: Ƙaddamar da Aikin Ƙasa], na Roxana Mazilu, Siyasa Cadran, No 67, 2009 [http://arhiva.cadranpolitic.ro/view_article.asp?item=2790&title=?Reprofesionalizarea http://arhiva.cadranpolitic.ro/view_article.asp?&title=27 =?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125145003/http://arhiva.cadranpolitic.ro/view_article.asp?item=2790&title=%3FReprofesionalizarea |date=2022-01-25 }} [http://arhiva.cadranpolitic.ro/view_article.asp?item=2790&title=?Reprofesionalizarea Reprofesionalizarea] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125145003/http://arhiva.cadranpolitic.ro/view_article.asp?item=2790&title=%3FReprofesionalizarea |date=2022-01-25 }} . * "Anii vacilor slabe" [The Lean Years], na Emil Hurezeanu, Cotidianul, 6 Maris 2008, https://web.archive.org/web/20110726050731/http://old.cotidianul.ro/anii_vacilor_slabe-79.html . * "Formarea elitelor profesionale-soluția pentru dezvoltarea durabilă a României" [Koyarwar ƙwararrun Elites: Magani don Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa], EurActiv, 3 Maris 2008, [http://www.euractiv.ro/uniunea-europeana/articles%7CdisplayArticle/articleID_12705/Formarea-elitelor-profesionale-solutia-pentru-dezvoltarea-durabila-a-Romaniei.html http://www.euractiv.ro/uniunea-europeana/articles%72008 /Formarea-elitelor-profesionale-solutia-pentru-dezvoltarea-durabila-a-Romaniei.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306054035/http://www.euractiv.ro/uniunea-europeana/articles%7CdisplayArticle/articleID_12705/Formarea-elitelor-profesionale-solutia-pentru-dezvoltarea-durabila-a-Romaniei.html |date=2012-03-06 }} . * "L'IPID a lance le volume La Reprofessionnalisation de la Roumanie", Investir en Roumanie, 29 Fabrairu 2008, [http://www.investir-roumanie.com/L-IPID-a-lance-le-volume-La-Reprofessionnalisation-de-la-Roumanie,540110.html Investir da Roumanie : L'IPID a lance le volume "La Reprofessionnalisation de la Roumanie" - actualités économiques et opportunités d'affaires en Roumanie] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306070040/http://www.investir-roumanie.com/L-IPID-a-lance-le-volume-La-Reprofessionnalisation-de-la-Roumanie,540110.html |date=2023-03-06 }} . * "Pentru reprofesionalizarea României e nevoie de proiecte solide" [Don dawo da Kwarewar Romania na Bukatar Kyawawan Ayyuka], EurActiv, 12 Oktoba 2006, [http://www.euractiv.ro/uniunea-europeana/articles%7CdisplayArticle/articleID_8382/Pentru-reprofesionalizarea-Romaniei-e-nevoie-de-proiecte-solide.html http://www.euractiv.ro/uniunea-europeana/articles%7CdisplayArticle/articlereprotesion/8a -Romaniei-e-nevoie-de-proiecte-solide.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306054051/http://www.euractiv.ro/uniunea-europeana/articles%7CdisplayArticle/articleID_8382/Pentru-reprofesionalizarea-Romaniei-e-nevoie-de-proiecte-solide.html |date=2012-03-06 }} . [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] pa7qzamfbrcdzfokql7u7gpyruiryqf 0 31832 975139 750296 2026-11-02T09:19:51Z CommonsDelinker 75 Removing [[:c:File:Maimuna_waziri_in_group_photo.jpg|Maimuna_waziri_in_group_photo.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Túrelio|Túrelio]] because: [[:c:COM:L|Copyright violation]]: The original is on Facebook[https://www.facebook.com/Offic 975139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Farfesa Maimuna Waziri''' (an haife ta ne a shekarar alif dubu daya da ɗari tara da sittin da shida (1966). Malamar Jami'a ce, Farfesar Ilimin Kimiyyar Sinadarai kuma mace ta farko da ta fara zama mukaddashiyar shugabar jami’ar Gwamnatin Tarayya dake garin [[Gashua]] inda aka tabbatar da shugabancinna ta a ranar goma sha shida 16 ga watan Janairun shekarar dubu biyu da ashirin da daya 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fugashua.edu.ng/index.php/2021/03/12/prof-maimuna-waziri-takes-over-as-fuga-vice-chancellor/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-05-17 |archive-date=2024-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520023856/https://fugashua.edu.ng/index.php/2021/03/12/prof-maimuna-waziri-takes-over-as-fuga-vice-chancellor/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Tarihin Rayuwarta da Karatu== An haifi Maimuna Waziri ce a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da sittin da shida 1966 a garin [[Gashua ]]da ke karamar hukumar[[ Bade]]. Ta kammala Firamare a Central Primary School a shekarar alif ɗari tara da saba'in da ɗaya 1971-zuwa 1975 da kuma Sakandandarenta tsakanin shekara ta alif ɗari tara da saba'in da biyar 1975 zuwa alif ɗari tara da tamanin 1980 dukka acikin garin [[Gashua]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-16 |title=Just in: Maimuna Emerges FUGA First Female Vice chancellor - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/just-in-maimuna-emerges-fuga-first-female-vice-chancellor/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=Dailytrust |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Professor Waziri becomes Federal University Gashu’a first female VC |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2021/01/17/professor-waziri-becomes-federal-university-gashua-first-female-vc/ |work=PM News}}</ref> Ta kuma halacci jami’ar Bayero University Kano (BUK) da ke Kano inda ta samu shaidar digirinta na farko a fannin ilimin Sinadarai a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da tamanin da ɗaya 1981-zywa alif ɗari tara da tamanin da shida 1986. Saboda tsayuwarta da jajircewarta wanda ya sa ta tsaya kyam a tsakanin sauran mata, Maimuna ta ci gaba da karatun digirinta na biyu a wannan sashen a Jami’ar Ibadan a a cikin shekara ta alif ɗari tara da tamanin da takwas 1988 inda ta kammala a Shekara ta alif ɗari tara da casa'in 1990. Sannan ta yi digirin-digirgir dinta a bangaren nazarin Sinadirai a Jami’ar Maiduguri a shekara ta dubu biyu da shida 2006.<ref>https://www.channelstv.com/2021/01/16/female-professor-emerges-vice-chancellor-at-yobe-university/</ref> Ta fara karantarwa ne a jami’ar Maiduguri a matsayin mataimakiyar Malama a Shekara ta alif ɗari tara da tamanin da bakwai 1987 bayan ta kammala Digirinta na farko a Jami’ar Bayero da ke Kano inda ta karanci sashen Sinidirai. Sha’awarta ga koyarwa ya sa ta ci gaba da karantarwa a sashen nazarin Sinadarai na jami’ar Maiduguri a matsayin babbar Malama. Duk da kasancewarta Malama ce a bangaren nazarin Sinadarai, hakan bai hana Maimuna shiga a dama da ita a sha’anin gudanar da mulki a Nijeriya ba; domin kuwa a shekarar alif ɗari tara da tamanin da bakwai 1987 aka nada ta Kwamishinar harkokin mata da ci gaban zamantakewa daga bisani ta zama Kwamishinar kasuwanci da harkokin ma’aikatu daga shekarar alif ɗari tara da casa'in da takwas 1998 zuwa alif ɗari tara da casa'in da tara 999 dukkanin wadannan mukaman a [[jihar Yobe]] ta rike su. Har ila yau ta zama mataimakiya ta musamman ga Gwamna akan harkokin ci gaban ayyuka daga shekarar alif ɗari tara da casa'in da tara 1999 zuwa shekara ta dubu biyu da ɗaya 2001. Sannan ta zama Daraktan kimiyya da fasaha, a ma’aikatar hukumar ilimi da ke Damaturu, daga shekarar dubu biyu da ɗaya 2001 zuwa dubu biyu da bakwai 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-18 |title=Federal University Gashua Gets 2 New DVCs. – Independent Newspaper Nigeria |url=https://independent.ng/federal-university-gashua-gets-2-new-dvcs/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ==Gudummawa== Farfesa maimuna Waziri tana kuma daga cikin wadanda aka baiwa hakkin samar da jami’ar [[jihar Yobe]] bayan an samar da jami’ar a shekarar dubu biyu da bakwai 2007, ta karantar a matsayin babbar Malama a sashen nazarin Sinadarai, a lokaci guda kuma ta zama Darakta a makarantar sharar fagen shiga jami’a, sannan ta zama shugabar Tsangayar kimiyya da fasaha daga shekara ta dubu biyu da bakwai 2007 zuwa shekara ta dubu biyu da tara 2009 a wannan jami’ar ta [[jihar Yobe]]. ==Lambar Yabo== Ta karbi kyaututtukan girmamawa daban-daban wadanda suka hada da kyautar tunawa da Michael Collins ta sashen Sinadarai a shekarar alif ɗari tara da tamanin da huɗu 1984, sannan da kyautar wanda ya fi kwazo ta tunawa da Michael Collins a sashen Sinadarai a [[jami’ar Bayero]] da ke [[Kano]] a shekarar alif ɗari tara da tamanin da shida 1986. Ta kuma samu lambar yabo mai daraja na ‘Waye Ne Ba Baye Ba’ (Who is who) a sashen ilimin kimiyya da fasaha ta Afrika, da sauran wasu kyaututtuka daban-daban wadanda suka daga lifafarta taccilla sama har ta kasance kallabi a tsakanin rauwuna. ==Kungiyoyi== Maimuna waziri member ce a kungiyar nazarin Sinadarai ta [[Najeriya]] da wasu kwararrun kungiyoyi wanda suka hada da Cibiyar kwararru ta ‘Chartered Chemist’ ta [[Najeriya]], sai wata cibiyar mata kwararru ta binciken kimiyya da fasaha ta haɗin guiwa ta duniya da kasashen masu tasowa. Ta sadaukar da rayuwarta gaba ɗaya wajen neman Ilimi da bincike da karantarwa, sannan ta yi aiki a wurare daban-daban wanda suka hada da [[jami’ar Maiduguri ]] da jami’ar Bukar Abba Ibrahim dake [[jihar Yobe ]] (Jami’ar Jihar Yobe a yanzu) da ke garin [[Damaturu]], daga nan ta koma jami’ar Tarayya da ke garin [[Gashua]] inda aka ƙara mata girma zuwa matsayin [[Farfesa]] daga ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban na shekarar dubu biyu da goma sha biyar 2015, kuma ita ce [[Farfesa]] ta biyu a dukkanin faɗin [[jihar Yobe]] a cikin matan jihar wannan dalilin ne ya sanya ta zama madubi a tsakanin matan jihar da kuma na kasar Nijeriya baki ɗaya. Kafin zamanta mukaddashiyar shugaban jami’ar [[Gashua]] gaba daya, Farfesa Maimuna Waziri ta rike mukamin Mataimakiyar shugaban sashin gudanarwa na jami’ar tarayya da ke [[Gashua]] da ke [[jihar Yobe,]] bisa himmarta ne yanzu ta zama shugaba a jami’ar gaba daya, ta karbi ragamar jami’ar ne daga hannun Farfesa Andrew Haruna wanda wa’adin kammala aikinsa ya kare a ranar 10 ga watan Fabrairun.<ref>https://dailypost.ng/2021/12/05/yobe-sets-up-committee-to-source-manage-funds-to-boost-education-sector/</ref> Bayanai sun zo ma wannan shafin cewa Farfesoshi 48 ne suka nemi shugabantar jami’ar amma uku ne kacal suka samu zuwa matakin karshe na tantancewa wanda aka zabi Farfesa maimuna Waziri daga karshe.<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/01/lawan-congratulates-new-vice-chancellor-of-federal-university-gashua/</ref> [[Farfesa]] Maimuna Waziri wacce ta kasance ita ce mace ta biyu a dukkanin fadin jihar Yobe da ta zama Farfesa bayan da ta jajirce da neman iimi da kuma sallamawa sha’anin neman iimi, maca ce mai son ganin iimin mata ‘yan uwanta ya bunkasa, wannan dalilin ne ma ya sanya ta samu kanta cikin jerin matayen da suke dafa wa sha’anin karatun mata musamman a jihar ta da kuma kasa baki data. Farfesa Waziri mamba ce a kungiyar nazarin sinadarai ta Nijeriya da wasu kwararrun kungiyoyi wanda suka hada da Cibiyar kwararru ta ‘Chartered Chemist’ ta Nijeriya, sai wata cibiyar mata kwararru ta binciken kimiyya da fasaha ta hadin guiwa ta duniya da kasashen masu tasowa ta kuma kasance mace wacce ta samu shiga jerin fitattun mata ne bayan da ta jajirce wajen ganin ilmi ya bunkasa a tsakanin matan kasar nan, hakan ya sa ta shiga kungiyoyi da dama domin taimakawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://educeleb.com/waziri-gashua-varsity-first-female-vice-chancellor/ |access-date=2022-05-17 |archive-date=2022-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116195500/https://educeleb.com/waziri-gashua-varsity-first-female-vice-chancellor/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=2022-01-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116195500/https://educeleb.com/waziri-gashua-varsity-first-female-vice-chancellor/ }}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1966]] kwjrov6dssro0hxgyzmb62m89qfebxz 0 36517 975010 216913 2026-11-01T20:04:12Z Zahrah0 14848 975010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Agbowa-Ikosi''' tsohon gari ne a jihar [[Lagos (jiha)|Legas]] a [[Najeriya]].A cikinsa akwai titin kankare na kwalta na biyu mafi girma a [[Najeriya]].<ref>Olufuwa, A. O; Hamzat, A. A. "[[Agbowa-Ikosi]]". [[Lagos]] State Ministry of Information, Culture, Youth&Sports. Retrieved 22 December 2018.</ref> == Tarihi == Agbowa-Ikosi ta fara ne daga wani wuri da aka fi sani da Egunbesawo a yau. An raba garin zuwa gundumomi da dama (''Itun''); Aledo, Oriwu, Agbowa, Kosomi (ba ruwa) da Ehindi. Kowace gunduma tana karkashin jagorancin babban hakiminsu ne da aka fi sani da ''Olori Itun'' kuma gabaɗaya ta gari ɗaya ne wanda aka fi sani da ''Olu-ilu'', wanda aka rikiɗe zuwa Baleeship daga baya kuma ya zama Sarauta. <ref>{{Cite book|last3=}}Landmark Youth, Coalition (12 November 2018). [[Agbowa-ikosi]] History. [[Lagos Nigeria]]. p. 9_10.</ref> A shekarar 1956, Mai Martaba, Oba Edward Alausa Thomas OLUFUWA, ya samu sarautar Sarkin Agbowa-Ikosi na farko, daga gidan sarautar Oguntolu-Olufuwa. Gidaje biyar sun amince su yi mulkin garin. Yayin da kauyukan da ke bayan gari irin su Ikosi, IGBENE, Oko-Ito, Oke-Olisa, Gberigbe da sauran su ke karkashin Baale (wanda ke kai rahoto ga babban Sarki mai taken “Abowa na Agbowa-Ikosi). Sauran sarakunan da suka taimaka wa sarki ana rarraba su ne bisa ga darajarsu kamar Cif Olisa, wanda shi ne na gaba da sarki. Sauran sun hada da Cif Aro, Oluwo, Odofin da Balogun. A lokacin yakin, Agbowa-Ikosi itace hedkwatar majalisar gundumar Ikosi a lokacin. Ta zama garin mafaka ga mutanen garuruwa kamar [[Imota]], Ibefun, Ota da Owu. Mutanen Imota sun zauna a Ago-Mota, mutanen Ibefun a Ago-Ibefun, mutanen Ota a Ago-Ota da mutanen Owu a Ago-Owu. Bayan yakin, yawancin 'yan gudun hijira sun koma matsuguninsu. Wasu kalilan suka rage sai mutanen Owu (manyan mayaka), wadanda suka yi alkawarin ba za su haifar wa Agbowa-Ikosi wata matsala ba. == Geography == Agbowa-Ikosi tana da nisan kilomita 35 daga arewa da Epe Division, a gefen kudu da wani rafi wanda ya yi daidai da teku daga [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] zuwa [[Ikorodu]], tare da cakuɗa 'yan asali da wadanda ba na asali ba.<ref>"[[Lagos]] harvests 50 tons of catfish from cage culture system". Retrieved 22 December 2018.</ref> Wasu garuruwa da kauyukan dake kewaye da Agbowa-Ikosi sune: Ota-Ikosi, Ikosi Beach, Orugbo-Iddo, Igbalu, IGBENE, Oke-Olisa, Gberigbe, Oko-Ito, Imope, Imota, Odo Ayandelu Ado-Ikosi, Owu, Iganke da dai sauransu. == Biki == Agbowa-Ikosi shine gari na farko a cikin yankin Epe da Ijebuland wanda ke ware ranaku don bikin garin da kuma manyan 'ya'ya maza da mata. Wannan taron an yi wa lakabi da Bikin Ranar Agbowa, kuma ƙungiyar Agbowa Development Association (ADA) ce ta shirya shi. == Fitattun mutane == Agbowa-ikosi ya yi sarautar sarakuna hudu: * Oba Eeward Alausa Thomas OLUFUWA yayi mulki daga 1956 zuwa 1972 * Oba Ahmed Kolawole Hassan ya mulki daga 1973 zuwa 2006 * Oba Akinlolu Bolaji Joseph Odumeru ya mulki daga 2007 zuwa 2012<ref>"HRM. OBA (DR) JOSEPH AKINLOLU BOLAJI ODUMERU AN ASTUTE LEADER IN ROYAL CROWN". visionafricamagazine.com. Retrieved 22 December 2018.</ref> * High Chief Shakirudeen Odufowora (Regent)-2012 zuwa yau == Tattalin Arziki == Mutanen dai galibi manoma ne da masunta, tare da rakiyar wasu harkokin kasuwanci.<ref>"[[Agbowa-Ikosi]] sawmill ready July-LASG". BusinessDay Online, TV, and Podcast. 22 April 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2018.</ref> == Addini == Mutanen sun bi addinin Kiristanci, Musulunci da kuma akidar gargajiya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ipjsnr6z326ohj1ip3ba327kxta8v3c 0 36839 975009 547760 2026-11-01T20:03:46Z Zahrah0 14848 975009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Imota''' gunduma ce a garin [[Ikorodu]] a jihar [[Lagos (jiha)|Legas]]. Ana kiran shugabanninsu Oba Ranodu na Imota. Mutanen [[Yarbanci|Ijebu]] ne.<ref>"[[Imota]]- Population-CityFacts". city-facts.com. CityFacts. Retrieved 16 June 2020.</ref> == Etymology == An samo sunan [[Ikorodu Road|Imota]] daga "UMU-OTA" ma'ana "Kusa da bishiyar Ota." == Tarihi == Wurin yanki da aka fi sanin sa da "Imota" ya samo sunansa daga ƙanƙancewa "Imu-Ota" ma'ana "Kusa da bishiyar Ota". Hakan ya faru ne sakamakon hijirar da Ranodu da jama’arsa suka yi daga Ijebu-Ode domin neman masarauta daban suka sauka a kusa da bishiyar Ota wadda a yau ake kira Imota. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an hana duk mazaunan Imota yin wuta da itacen Ota. Tarihin Imota ya nuna cewa Ranodu na farko yana ɗaya daga cikin ‘ya’yan Obaruwa ko Obaruwamoda ko Arunwa ko Ekewa-olu na Ijebu-ode. Mai martaba Obaruwa shine Awujale na goma akan karagar mulki, a [[Ijebu Ode|Ijebu- Ode]]. Sauran ’ya’yan Obaruwa da ke sarauta a matsayin muhimman Obas a yankunansu sun haɗa da Alaiye-ode na Ode-Remo da Ewusi na makun duk a yankin Remo na Jihar Ogun da Osobia na Makun-omi a karamar hukumar Ijebu ta ruwa ta [[Ogun|Jihar Ogun]]. Obaruwa shi ne Awujale na farko da ya fara gabatar da gangunan sarauta mai suna ‘Gbedu’ wanda suke kaɗawa ba kawai a lokacin bikin “Osi” na shekara-shekara ba har ma da shelanta nadin sabon Oba ko High Chief ko kuma a duk lokacin bikin sarauta. Har ila yau, an hana a lokacin bikin “Osi” a Ijebu-ode, a rika buga gangunan sarauta, Gbedu, sai dai idan an fara buge shi a hubbaren Obaruwa. Obaruwa kuma yana da siffa ta musamman, a wurin ibadarsa ne kawai ake yanka raguna biyu a lokacin bikin Osi. Ranodu, limamin Oro tare da abokinsa Senlu Olupe-oku, dan Eluku da sarkin Agemo, dan uwansa Adebusenjo Orederu, limamin Ifa, bayi Osugbo, Oro Liworu, Oro Logunmogbo, Agemo Jamuse, Agemo Esuwele da Eluku Meden-Meden tare da kayan Obaship., duk suka bar Ijebu-Ode tare suka fara tafiya neman masarauta daban. Da farko suka sauka a Aiyepe, daga baya kuma fadar Ifa ta umarce su da su ci gaba. Ko a cikin wannan tafiya ta tarihi, Ranodu ya ratsa ta Oko Mayon inda ya bar alamar sarauta, sun dan sauka a Idado kusa da sagamu, a yau ake kiran Idado da 'Agbala Imota'. A garin Idado, Ranodu ya yi mubaya’a ga Oba Akarigbo na Sagamu, ya nemi izinin zama, sarki ya duba kayansa, ya ga rawani da sauran alamomin sarauta, ya shawarci ranodu da ya haye wani kogi mai suna ‘Eruwuru’ ya zauna a can. Ranodu mai suna Eruwuru as Ajura wanda yanzu ake kira Sabo a cikin [[Sagamu]]. Bayan sun zauna ne Ranodu da jama’arsa suka yanke shawarar yin bikin Agemo inda Oba Akarigbo ya fusata da rashin sanar da shi matakin da suka dauka, ya tura masu gadinsa guda biyu domin su dakatar da bikin, aka kashe masu gadin sannan sakamakon haka ya zama umarni daga Ifa Oracle don su bar wurin zuwa Isopo inda shi da jama'arsa suka yi wani ɗan gajeren hutu, ya bar wasu daga cikin tawagarsa suna ƙaura zuwa kudu. Ana ci gaba da tafiya Ranodu da jama'arsa sun isa wani tudu mai tsayi wanda Senlu Olupe-oku ne kawai ya fara hawa sannan ya kira wasu su zo tare da shi. Sun kuma zauna a saman tudun na dan wani lokaci, don nuna godiya ga jajircewar Senlu Olupe-oku na hawan dutsen da Ranodu ya sanyawa wurin sunan Odo-Senlu wanda ya kasance gari har zuwa yau. Cikin biyayya ga Ifá oracle, suka ci gaba da tafiya, suka gaji a hanya, suka yanke shawarar huta, suka yi rumfa na ɗan lokaci da ganyen dabino. Sai suka sake tuntubar Ifa, sai baƙon ya ce su ci gaba da tafiya, Ranodu ya sa wa wurin suna Abatiwa wanda kuma ya kasance ƙauye har zuwa yau. Sun kuma wuce ta Odo-Ayandelu amma Ranodu ya umarci wasu bayinsa karkashin wani bawa mai suna Ayan da su zauna a wurin. Sun tashi daga Odo-Ayandelu zuwa Odo-Onasa inda ya gina Igboti Oro ya bar Oro Liworu domin yin ibada. Mutanen Odo-Onosa kuma suna bauta wa Allah har zuwa yau. Bayan sun tashi daga Odo-Onasa sai suka isa Agudugbun suka huta na wasu watanni. Ranodu ya yi bikin Oro kuma ya gina wani Igboti Oro wanda ya rage a Agudugbun har zuwa yau. Bayan wasu kwanaki Adebusenjo Orederu ya yi bikin Agemo inda aka umurci bayi da su sare daji domin su raye-raye, a cikin wannan biki ne Adebusenjo Orederu ya gano hanyar da ta kafa a daji inda suka bar Agudugbun zuwa wasan karshe. makoma. A Agudugbun, Ranodu ya hango wutar da ke fitowa daga Yamma, sai ya binciko wutar, ya tarar da wasu mafarauta guda biyu da suke cin wuta a rumfarsu, mafarauta masu suna Ofirigidi, wani dan Oke Orundun da Ojoyeruku, mai ibadar Eluku daga [[Ijebu Ode|Ijebu]] Ode, suka tarbi Ranodu. da mukarrabansa, Ofirigidi ya bukaci Ranodu ya bude jakarsa ya samu kadarorin sarauta a cikinta, suka zama abokai, Ranodu ya sanyawa wurin taronsu suna Opopo. Ofirigidi ya umurci Ranodu da ya yi tazara kadan zuwa Ehindi, wani nau'in damfara na 'Ehin Odi' ya zauna a can. Ehindi shine inda Idi Ota yake kuma aka sanya sunan garin. Ranodu ya umurci Senlu ya tuntubi Ifa oracle don sanin ko za su iya zama a wurin kuma Ifa oracle ya amince da bukatarsu, a karshe wannan ya nuna aka haifi garin Imota. Ranodu ya umurci bayinsa da su datse ciyayi a kusa da bishiyar Ota tare da gina rumfuna don masauki. Ya kuma umarce su da su shirya wurin noma domin su samu abinci su yi noma kuma bayi suna noma a arewa da kudancin kasar har zuwa wata gona mai suna gonar [[Masara]] wadda a yanzu ake kira Ago-Mota a Agbowa. Bayan ya sauka a Imota, Ranodu da jama’arsa sun gayyaci Ofirigidi da Ojoyekuru domin ziyarce shi kuma Ofirigidi ya ba da shawarar cewa tun da Ranodu ya yi wa Oba rawani ya zama sarkin wurin amma Ranodu ya ki saboda tsufa ya dauko Senlu Olupe-oku ya zama sarki. Sarkin Imota. An nada Senlu a matsayin sarkin garin na farko kuma Ranodu ya ci gaba da zama kambun da aka baiwa duk [[Oba|Obas]] na garin Imota na gargajiya (Oba Ranodu na Imota). Bayan nadin sarautar Oba Senlu Olupe Oku, Ranodu na Imota na farko a karni na shabakwai, Adebusenjo da Ojoyekuru sun hada kai wajen bautar Ubangijin Eluku tare da gudanar da bikin tare duk shekara. Yayin da aka nada Ojoyekuru a matsayin Onimale Eluku da Adebusenjo a matsayin Cif Magodo na Agemo Esuwele. == Shugabannin da dana yanzu == 1. Oba Seniu olupe-oku -1610-1616, ya sauke sarautar Ranodu ya gudu zuwa Omu-Ijebu a gudun hijira. Ya rayu kuma ya mutu a can a 1638. 2. Oba Aladesuwasi, 2nd Senlu-1640-1665. 3. Oba Lasademo, 1st Lasademo daga 1669-1687. 4. Oba Orewaiye Olugayan-Jikan Ranodu da Oba na 1st indigenous daga Imota, 1st Olugayan daga 1690-1731 5. Oba Ore Oye, Senlu na uku daga 1734-1770 6. Oba Igara 4th Senlu daga 1772-1793. 7. Oba Ademokun, 2nd Lasademo daga 1796-1817 8. Oba Arowuyo, 2nd Olugayan daga 1820-1854 9. Oba Oyemade, 1st- Oyemade daga 1856-1881 an yi yakin tsakanin 1881-1893 wanda ya kai hari ga lImota kuma babu sarki Oba a lokacin. 10. Oba Okumona Olufoworesete, ta hanyar rinjayar matarsa ta farko Princess lge Mayandenu Olugayan, 1st Olufoworesete daga 1894-1917 11. Oba Akindehin wanda aka fi sani da Oba Onisuru, 3rd Lasademo daga 1917-1920 12. Oba lge Okuseti daga zuriyar Oba Rowuyo, 3rd Olugayan daga 1921-1935 13. Oba Shaibu Awotungase wanda aka fi sani da Oba Daranoye, 4th Olugayan daga 1936-1949 14. Oba Albert Adesanya Adejo wanda aka fi sani da Kiniwun Iga, wanda ya fara karatu Oba Ranodu na Imota, 2nd Oyemade from 1951-1981 15. Oba Lawrence Adebola Oredoyin, Oba Ranodu na Imota mai ilimi na biyu, Senlu na 5 daga 1981-1993. 16. Oba Mudasiru Ajibade Bakare Agoro, mai ilimi na uku Oba Ranodu na Imota, 2nd Olufoweresete daga 1993 zuwa yau. == Iyalai masu mulki == 1. Senlu Ruling House 2. Olugayan Ruling House 3. Lasademo Ruling House 4. Oyemade Ruling House == Sarautar gargajiya == 1. Olisa 2. Ayangade 3. Aro 4. Alagbo Jamuse 5. Ayangbuwa 6. Balogun 7. Alase Oluweri 8. Olootu Erelu 9. Olumale Eluku 10. Lojona Jamuse 11. Busenowo 12. Adegoruwa 13. Lojona Jamuse 14. Alfarma 15. Lashi 16. Oluwo 17. Laraba 18. Aare 19. Ayanolu 20. Adeyoruwa 21. Apena Osugbo 22. Adebusenjo 23. Olootu Balufon 24. Lapeni Awo 25. Alase Jamuse 26. Magodo Esuwele 27. Muleoruwa 28. Gusanlomo 29. Alagbo Orisa nla 30. Eluku Asa 31. Adegorusen 32. Ogbeni-Odi 33. Egbo 34. Afina 35. Rasuli 36. Alakan 37. Odofin 38. Legunsen 39. Ogbodo 40. Fadegbuwa 41. Jomu 42. Ogbeni Oja 43. Iyalode 44. Iyalaje 45. Gwargwadon 46. Wata 47. Eleku Asa 48. Ladugba 49. Agoro 50. Jagun 51. Sufari 52. Shafi 53. Alwala 54. Oluomo == Wuri da tsarin siyasa == Garin Imota yana da sandwiched da latitude 6°39′50″N kuma yana madaidaicin tsayin 3°40′12″E. A Arewa yana da iyaka da garin Agbowa-Ikosi, a Kudu da garin Isiu, a Gabas kuma ya yi iyaka da garin Gberigbe, sai kuma a Yamma ga garin Ode-remo mai fadin kasa mai fadin kusan kilomita 502. Imota was initially placed in Ikosi district council under Epe division. The town is divided into four quarters: Itun-Opopo, Itun-Onabu, Itun- Maja, and Atere. Each quarter has its own political representative called councillors. The first sets of councillors from Imota were illiterate; they include Pa. Ogunnoiki, Pa. Alaga, Pa. Oyinbo and Pa. Agbonmagbe. They were chosen based on their activeness and held in high esteem that their decisions remain final. A wajen aiwatar da mulkin dimokuradiyya a garin, ‘yan Osugbo ne ke da hurumin shari’a, suna duba yadda sarki ya wuce gona da iri, yayin da sarki ke gudanar da ayyukan zartarwa da na majalisa. Ƙirƙirar [[Lagos (birni)|Jihar Legas]] a 1967 ta ƙunshi manyan sassa biyar, wato Legas Colony, [[Badagry]], Epe, [[Ikeja]] da [[Ikorodu]] . Wannan ya kawo kayyade yankin [[Ikorodu]] zuwa mazabu biyu da [[Ikorodu]] ta tsakiya, [[Ikorodu]] arewa da Ikorodu yamma a matsayin mazabar I da Imota, Igbogbo, Ijede a matsayin mazabar II. Sake fasalin kananan hukumomi na 1976 ya raba [[Lagos (birni)|jihar Legas]] zuwa kananan hukumomi takwas da aka kafa [[Ikorodu|karamar hukumar Ikorodu]]. Haka kuma mulkin farar hula na 1979 a karkashin Lateef Jakande ya raba jihar zuwa kananan hukumomi ashirin da uku sannan rusasshiyar karamar hukumar Irepodun ta fito daga karamar hukumar Ikorodu amma kwarewar shigowar sojoji cikin harkokin siyasar [[Najeriya]] ya gurbata jamhuriya ta biyu kuma ta kai ga soke zaben. na karamar hukumar Irepodun da kuma mayar da kananan hukumomi a jihar zuwa farko takwas. Kafa karamar hukumar Irepodun ya haifar da yarjejeniya da yarjejeniya tsakanin manyan garuruwa uku da ke mazabar Ikorodu II cewa 'mukamin dan majalisa mai girma a majalisar dokokin jihar Legas na mazabar da mukamin shugaban karamar hukumar Irepodun da kuma shugaban karamar hukumar Irepodun. Za a raba kujerar hedkwatar karamar hukumar a tsakanin garuruwa uku na mazabar'. Ko da yake, yarjejeniyar ba ta kasance a rubuce ba saboda a lokacin, yawancin shugabannin siyasa a waɗannan garuruwa ba su iya karatu da rubutu ba amma sun yarda da yarda da juna. Amma duk da haka kafawar ta shaida gabatar da Hon. Fola Oredoyin a matsayin wakilin farko na mazabar a majalisar dokokin jihar Legas (1979-1983). Fola Oredoyin ta zama mataimakin kakakin majalisar jiha a jamhuriya ta biyu, Alhaji SO Amusa-Olorunishola ya ci gaba da zama na farko kuma shugaban zartarwa daya tilo a karamar hukumar Irepodun kuma hedikwatar karamar hukumar Irepodun tana Ewu. -elepe, garin Igbogbo. Da rusasshiyar karamar hukumar Irepodun, an bar garuruwa uku na mazabar da mukamin dan majalisa mai girma a majalisar dokokin jihar Legas wanda aka raba bisa ga yarjejeniyar da aka kulla. Ya samar da Hon. MK Sanni daga Imota a matsayin zababben dan majalisar dokokin jihar Legas don kammala wa'adin mulkin Hon. Fola Oredoyin. Jamhuriyyar Najeriya ta uku da ta hudu ita ma ta samar da Hon. Adefarasin Saheed Hassan daga Ijede a matsayin dan majalisar dokokin jihar Legas (1999-2007), da Late (Hon. Rotimi Sotomiwa daga Igbogbo a cikin 2007-2010, mutuwarsa ta ƙare shine wa'adin mulki da kuma takarar neman kujerar dan takarar jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party (PDP), Hon. Gbenga Oshin don kammala wa'adinsa (2010-2011), Hon. An kuma zabi Akinsola Adebimpe daga Igbogbo/Bayeku LCDA don kammala wa’adi na biyu (2011-2015) kuma an mayar da koton mulki zuwa Imota a 2015 da Hon. An zaɓi Nurudeen Saka-Solaja a matsayin wakilin mazabar a majalisar dokokin jihar Legas Samar da karin kananan hukumomi talatin da bakwai ga kananan hukumomi ashirin da ake da su a jihar Legas da Bola Ahmed [[Bola Tinubu|Tinubu]] ya yi a shekarar 2003 ya sa Imota da sauran al’ummomin mazabar Ikorodu II su zama gwamnati mai cin gashin kai mai unguwanni hudu na siyasa. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * https://web.archive.org/web/20150218065021/http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/entities.php?k=85 * http://www.ayayogong.com.ng/p/the-geographical-location-known-as.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208183723/http://www.ayayogong.com.ng/p/the-geographical-location-known-as.html |date=2017-12-08 }} * http://www.isese_lagba.com/Onifade.za{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6zqiuhw2qgbiqrmug4lvkgq7bq7j0tq 0 37405 974858 490478 2026-11-01T16:04:58Z Mykhal 6132 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/180092|180092]] by [[Special:Contributions/787IYO|787IYO]] ([[User talk:787IYO|talk]]) - different person 974858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Ibrahim Traoré - 2023.jpg|thumb|Ibrahim Traore]] '''Ibrahim Traore''' (an haife {{Circa}} shekara ta 1988) hafsan sojan Burkina Faso ne wanda shine shugaban riƙo na gwamnatin soja ta ƙasar [[Burkina Faso]] tun bayan juyin mulkin 30 ga Satumba 2022 wanda ya hamɓarar da shugaba Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba.<ref name="Ndiaga Mimault">{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/heavy-gunfire-heard-burkina-faso-capital-reuters-witnesses-2022-09-30/ |title=Burkina Faso army captain announces overthrow of military government |author1=Thiam Ndiaga |author2=Anne Mimault |work=Reuters |date=30 September 2022 |access-date=30 September 2022}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Ibrahim Traore a shekara ta 1988. <ref name="africa report"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="125">[https://www.theafricareport.com/245959/burkina-faso-ibrahim-traore-proclaimed-president-damiba-ousted/ "Burkina Faso: Ibrahim Traoré proclaimed President, Damiba ousted"]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="126">''The Africa Report''. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="127">Jeune Afrique. 1 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="128"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2022</span>.</span></cite></ref> <ref name="taz"><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" id="CITEREFKatrin_Gänsler2022">Katrin Gänsler (1 October 2022). </cite></ref> Ya yi karatu a jami'ar Ouagadougou inda yake cikin ƙungiyar ɗalibai musulmi. Ya shiga aikin sojan Burkina Faso a shekara ta 2010, kuma ya zama kyaftin a shekarar 2020.<ref name="aljazeera">{{Cite web|title=Burkina Faso: Military officers remove President Damiba in a coup |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/9/30/burkina-faso-military-leader-damiba-deposed-coup-army |website=www.aljazeera.com |date=30 September 2022 |access-date=1 October 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Burkina Faso coup: Gunshots in capital and roads blocked |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-63081706 |website=BBC |date=1 October 2022 |access-date=2 October 2022 }}</ref> <ref name="taz" /> Ƙungiyarsa tare da runduna ta musamman ta "Cobra", ƙungiyar masu adawa da ta'addanci da aka kafa a cikin 2019, ana jayayya. A cewar majiyoyi da yawa kamar ''BBC'', ''Al Jazeera'', da ''Die Tageszeitung'', yana cikin rukunin. <ref name="taz" /> Duk da haka, mujallar labarai ''Jeune Afrique'' ya bayyana cewa ba shi da alaƙa da "Cobras", kuma a maimakon haka ya yi aiki a cikin rukunin bindigogi. <ref name="africa report" /> [[Fayil:Ibrahim Traoré, Président de la Transition du Burkina Faso - 2023.png|thumb|Ibrahim Traore]] Traore na cikin tawagar hafsoshin sojojin da suka goyi bayan juyin mulkin da aka yi a Burkina Faso a watan Janairun 2022 tare da kawo ƙungiyar Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration junta mulkin soja . <ref name="africa report"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="125">[https://www.theafricareport.com/245959/burkina-faso-ibrahim-traore-proclaimed-president-damiba-ousted/ "Burkina Faso: Ibrahim Traoré proclaimed President, Damiba ousted"]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="126">''The Africa Report''. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="127">Jeune Afrique. 1 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="128"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2022</span>.</span></cite></ref> Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban rundunar soji a Kaya, wani gari a arewacin Burkina Faso, ko dai a matsayin wani ɓangare na "Cobras" <ref name="taz"><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" id="CITEREFKatrin_Gänsler2022">Katrin Gänsler (1 October 2022). </cite></ref> <ref name="aljazeera" /> ko kuma rukunin bindigogi. <ref name="africa report" /> Ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan hafsoshi da yawa da suka yi yaki da 'yan tawaye a fagen daga a lokacin da ƴan jihadi suka ƙaddamar a Burkina Faso.<ref name="Jeune Afrique">{{cite web|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1381642/politique/burkina-ibrahim-traore-proclame-president-damiba-destitue/ |title= Burkina : Ibrahim Traoré proclamé président, Damiba destitué |work=Jeune Afrique |language=French |date=30 September 2022 |access-date=30 September 2022}}</ref> [[Fayil:Ibrahim Traoré.jpg|thumb|Ibrahim Traore]] Da yawa daga cikin magoya bayan juyin mulkin na watan Janairu sun nuna rashin gamsuwa da yadda Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba, shugaban gwamnatin mulkin soji ke yi, dangane da gazawar sa na shawo kan tada kayar baya. Daga baya Traore ya yi ikirarin cewa shi da wasu jami’ansa sun yi ƙoƙarin ganin Damiba ya sake mayar da hankali kan ƴan tawayen, amma a karshe ya zabi ya hambarar da shi saboda “burinsa na karkata ga abin da muka yi niyyar yi”. Bugu da kari, an samu tsaikon biyan albashin sojojin "Cobra". <ref name="taz"><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" id="CITEREFKatrin_Gänsler2022">Katrin Gänsler (1 October 2022). </cite></ref> Lokacin da maharan suka kaddamar da juyin mulkin nasu a ranar 30 ga Satumba, Traore ya rike mukamin Kyaftin <ref name="Ndiaga Mimault" /> kuma yana da shekaru 34. <ref name="taz" /> An gudanar da aikin tare da goyon bayan sashin "Cobra". Traore ya ayyana kansa a matsayin sabon shugaban ƙungiyar Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration . <ref name="Jeune Afrique" /> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Mutanen Burkina Faso]] [[Category:Sojojin Najeriya]] [[Category:Shugaban Kasa]] gp9vcq2wqpyidylwpzs8k3s42kmuz93 0 37406 974869 957584 2026-11-01T16:08:02Z Mykhal 6132 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/515938|515938]] by [[Special:Contributions/Dev moha2507|Dev moha2507]] ([[User talk:Dev moha2507|talk]]) - duplicate photo (already there with caption "Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba") 974869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba''' ( French: [pɔl ɑ̃ʁi sɑ̃daɔɡɔ damiba] ; An haife shi a watan Janairu shekara ta 1981) wani jami'in soja ne na [[Burkina Faso]] wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaba na riƙon ƙwarya na gwamnatin soji ta [[Burkina Faso]] daga 31 ga Janairun shekarar 2022 zuwa 30 ga Satumba 2022, lokacin da aka yi masa juyin mulki, ta hannun abokin aikinsa na soja [[Ibrahim Traore]] . Damiba da kansa ya hau karagar mulki watanni takwas kacal a baya, a ranar 24 ga Janairun shekarata 2022, lokacin da ya tsige Shugaba [[Roch Marc Christian Kaboré]] a juyin mulki.<ref name=Reuters>{{Cite news|date=24 January 2022|title=Fresh from promotion, Burkina Faso writer-colonel leads a coup|language=en|agency=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/burkina-security-damiba-idAFL8N2U44X4|access-date=25 January 2022|archive-date=25 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125084238/https://www.reuters.com/article/burkina-security-damiba-idAFL8N2U44X4|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Burkina Faso restores constitution, names coup leader president|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/31/burkina-faso-restores-constitution-names-coup-leader-president|date=31 January 2022|access-date=31 January 2022|website=[[Al Jazeera]]|language=en}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwar sa. == Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba ya sauke karatu daga Ecole militaire a [[Faris|Paris]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|first=Philip Jr.|last=Obaji|date=January 25, 2022|title=African President Was Ousted Just Weeks After Refusing to Pay Russian Paramilitaries|language=en|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/burkina-faso-president-ousted-after-refusing-to-pay-wagner-mercenaries|access-date=2022-01-27|archive-date=28 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128040541/https://www.thedailybeast.com/burkina-faso-president-ousted-after-refusing-to-pay-wagner-mercenaries|url-status=live}}</ref> A lokacin karatunsa ya gana da shugaban ƙasar Guinea Mamady Doumbouya na gaba, wanda shi ma yana atisaye a can.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who is Paul-Henri Damiba, leader of the Burkina Faso coup?|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/25/burkina-faso-coup-leader-paul-henri-sandaogo-damiba|date=25 January 2022|access-date=25 January 2022|website=[[Al Jazeera]]|language=en|archive-date=25 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125113530/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/25/burkina-faso-coup-leader-paul-henri-sandaogo-damiba|url-status=live}}</ref> Yana da digiri na biyu a fannin laifuka daga Conservatoire National des Arts et métiers (CNAM) a birnin Paris da kuma ƙwararren ƙwararren tsaro a cikin gudanarwa, umarni da dabaru. Daga shekarar 2010 zuwa 2020, ya gudanar da atisayen horaswa a Amurka.<ref name="whois">{{Cite news|date=26 January 2022|title=Who is Burkina Faso coup leader Lt-Col Damiba?|language=en-GB|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60141195|access-date=2022-01-27|archive-date=29 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129024334/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60141195|url-status=live}}</ref> == Aikin soja == Damiba Laftanar Kanar ne kuma kwamandan yankin soja na uku da ya shafi [[Ouagadougou]], Manga, Koudougou da Fada N'gourma. Shi tsohon memba ne [[Kungiyar Tsaron Shugaban ƙasa|Regiment na Tsaron Shugaban ƙasa]], tsohon mai gadin shugaban ƙasa na [[Blaise Compaoré|Blaise Compaore]].<ref>{{cite web |language=fr-FR |first=Didier |last=Ogbohou |title=Biographie: Qui est réellement Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba |url=https://africanolimit.net/biographie-qui-est-reellement-paul-henri-sandaogo-damiba/ |website=Africanolimit |date=24 January 2022 |accessdate=24 January 2022 |archive-date=24 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124175806/https://africanolimit.net/biographie-qui-est-reellement-paul-henri-sandaogo-damiba/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=fr-FR |title=Coup d'Etat au Burkina : qui est Paul Henri Damiba |url=https://actusalade.com/blog/coup-detat-burkina-paul-henri-damiba-renverse-roch-kabore/ |date=24 January 2022 |accessdate=24 January 2022 |archive-date=24 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124112528/https://actusalade.com/blog/coup-detat-burkina-paul-henri-damiba-renverse-roch-kabore/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Damiba ya bar RSP ne a shekarar 2011 bayan wani harin da sojoji suka yi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Qui est le nouvel homme fort ? |url=http://lobservateur.bf/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=6300:qui-est-le-nouvel-homme-fort&Itemid=112 |website=[[L'Observateur Paalga]] |access-date=28 January 2022 |language=fr-fr |archive-date=28 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128072507/http://lobservateur.bf/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=6300%3Aqui-est-le-nouvel-homme-fort&Itemid=112 |url-status=live}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2019, Damiba ya ba da shaida a shari'ar masu kitsa juyin mulkin shekara ta 2015 a Burkina Faso wanda ya hambarar da gwamnatin rikon kwarya na dan lokaci, kamar yadda rahotanni daga lokacin a Burkina Faso suka bayyana. Damiba ya samu karbuwa saboda irin ayyukan da ya yi a lokacin da ƴan ta'addar Jihadi suka yi a Burkina Faso.<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 25, 2022|title=Burkina Faso coup: Why soldiers have overthrown President Kaboré|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60112043|access-date=January 27, 2022|archive-date=26 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126053031/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60112043|url-status=live}}</ref> A baya ya yi kira ga gwamnatin Burkinabe da ta dauki sojojin haya daga kungiyar Wagner ta Rasha da ke yaki da ƴan tawayen Islama. Gwamnatin Roch Marc Kaboré dai ta nuna adawa da wannan shawara, bisa hujjar cewa yin hakan zai mayar da kasar Burkina Faso saniyar ware daga ƙasashen yamma. [[File:Le lieutenant-colonel Paul Henri Sandaogo Damiba, Ouagadougou le 27 janvier 2022.jpg|thumb|Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba]] A ƙarshen shekarar 2021, wata rundunar mayaƙan jihadi ta mamaye sansanonin ‘yan sandan Jandarma a Inata, Soum, inda suka kashe jandarmomi 49 da fararen hula hudu. Wani gagarumin tashin hankali ya taso dangane da harin, bayan da wasu bayanai suka nuna kan rashin mu'amalar jami'an tsaron da gwamnati ke yi kafin kai farmakin, lamarin da ya tilastawa jami'an gwamnati da dama yin murabus ko kuma a yi wa ma'aikatunsu garambawul. A cewar cibiyar bincike ta yanar gizo na Afirka-Amurka BlackPast.org "Daga baya ya zo a fili cewa gendarmes a Inata ba su sami abinci ba har tsawon makonni biyu ... [sun] an tilasta musu yankan dabbobi a kusa da su don su rayu." Kaboré ya naɗa Damiba, wanda a lokacin ya ji daɗin abubuwan da suka faru a Inata,<ref>"Paul-Henry Sandaogo Damiba (1981– ) •". 16 May 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2022.</ref> a matsayin shugaban ma'aikatar " yaƙi da ta'addanci" da za ta nemi tsaro a gabashin Burkina Faso da [[Ouagadougou]] . A cikin shekarata 2021, Damiba ya buga littafi game da yaƙi da masu kishin Islama, ''Sojojin Afirka ta Yamma da Ta'addanci: Martani mara tabbas?'' Damiba ta samu horo ta hanyar shirye-shiryen Amurka da dama. A cikin shekarar 2010 da 2020, ya halarci atisayen horaswa na hadin gwiwa na Flintlock wanda ya haɗa da wayar da kan jama'a game da haƙƙin ɗan adam da dokokin rikice-rikice na makamai. A cikin shekarar 2013, Damiba ta shiga cikin kwas na horo da taimako na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta tallafawa [[Shirin koyarwa da taimako na africa|Afirka]]. A cikin 2013 da 2014, Damiba ta halarci kwas na Basic Officer Intelligence Basic Officer Course for Africa. A cikin 2018 da 2019, ya sami horo a Burkina Faso tare da Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Amurka da ke tallafawa sojojin farar hula. == Karɓar mulki, mulki, da faɗuwa == [[Fayil:Ibrahim Traoré - 2023.jpg|thumb|Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba]]   A ranar 24 ga Janairun shekarata 2022, Damiba ya jagoranci juyin mulkin da aka hamɓarar da Shugaba Roch Marc Christian Kaboré da Firayim Minista Lassina Zerbo . A yayin da jama'a ke murnar juyin mulkin a Ouagadougou, wasu magoya bayansa ɗauke da tutocin ƙasar Rasha, a matsayin wata alama ta kiran da suka yi na neman taimako daga Rasha a yakin da suke yi da ta'addancin Islama. Bayan sanarwar, rundunar sojin ta bayyana cewa an rusa Majalisar Dokoki da Gwamnati, yayin da aka dakatar da Kundin Tsarin Mulki . A ranar 31 ga watan Janairu, gwamnatin mulkin soja ta mayar da kundin tsarin mulkin ƙasar tare da nada Damiba a matsayin shugaban riƙon ƙwarya. Da Damiba a shugabanta, ƙungiyar Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration junta soji ta yi alkawarin inganta tsaro da kuma maido da mulkin farar hula. Sai dai kuma gwamnatin soja ta kasa cin galaba a kan mayakan Jihadi; a maimakon haka, ƴan tawaye da sauran wadanda ba na gwamnati ba har sun fadada ayyukansu tare da sarrafa kashi 40% na kasar nan da Satumban shekarar 2022. Da yawa daga cikin hafsoshin soji sun nuna rashin gamsuwa da Damiba, suna ganin bai mai da hankali kan tawayen ba.<ref name="France24-2">{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220930-🔴-burkina-faso-army-captain-on-state-tv-announces-overthrow-of-military-government |title=Burkina Faso army captain announces overthrow of military government |work=France24 |date=30 September 2022 |access-date=30 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="Ndiaga Mimault">{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/heavy-gunfire-heard-burkina-faso-capital-reuters-witnesses-2022-09-30/ |title=Burkina Faso army captain announces overthrow of military government |author1=Thiam Ndiaga |author2=Anne Mimault |work=Reuters |date=30 September 2022 |access-date=30 September 2022}}</ref><ref name="Maclean">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/30/world/africa/burkina-faso-coup.html |title=Gunfire Is Heard in Burkina Faso's Capital, Kindling Fears of a Coup |author=Ruth Maclean |work=New York Times |date=30 September 2022 |access-date=30 September 2022}}</ref> Masu tada ƙayar baya sun kaddamar da wasu manyan hare-hare a watan Satumban 2022, lamarin da ya sa shugaban rikon kwarya ya yi wa majalisar ministocinsa garambawul. A ranar 12 ga Satumba, Damiba ya kori ministan tsaronsa, Janar Aimé Barthélemy Simporé, kuma ya karbi mukamin da kansa. Ya kuma naɗa Kanal-Manjo Silas Keita a matsayin wakilin minista mai kula da tsaron ƙasa. Waɗannan sauye-sauyen ba su gamsar da ɓangarorin sojojin da ba su ji daɗi ba. <ref name="France24-2" /> <ref name="Ndiaga Mimault" /> A ranar 30 ga Satumban shekarar 2022, wasu sojojin da ba su gamsu da su ba a ƙarƙashin Captain [[Ibrahim Traore]] sun kori Damiba. Hakan ya zo ne watanni takwas bayan ya karɓi mulki. Masanin yankin [[Hamada a yankin Sahel|Sahel]] kuma masani na jami'ar Calgary Abdul Zanya Salifu ya bayyana cewa rashin samun nasara a kan 'yan jihadin ne ya janyo rugujewar Damiba, saboda alkawarin da ya dauka na inganta tsaro shi ne dalilin da ya sa tun farko ya hau mulki. Har yanzu dai ba a san inda Damiba ke bayan juyin mulkin ba. Daga bisani sabuwar gwamnatin mulkin sojan ƙarƙashin jagorancin Traore ta zargi Damiba da yunkurin tserewa zuwa sansanin sojin Faransa na Camp Kamboinsin domin yin juyin mulki. Sai dai Faransa ta musanta hannu. == Hoton jama'a == Juyin mulkin Janairun shekarar 2022 ya shahara a Burkina Faso. Damiba ya zama sananne da jajayen ɓerayen da yake sawa yayin jawabai, an yi imanin cewa ya kasance abin koyi ga uban juyin juya hali na Burkina Faso [[Thomas Sankara]], wanda jawabansa kuma suna dauke da irin wannan kalamai ga Damiba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Burkina Faso Junta Leader Inaugurated as Nation's President |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/burkina-faso-junta-leader-inaugurated-as-nation-s-president-/6445496.html |access-date=2022-06-15 |website=VOA |language=en |quote=Damiba's had wide popular support since taking control}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-01-25 |title=Burkina Faso coup: Why soldiers have overthrown President Kaboré |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60112043 |access-date=2022-06-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ndiaga |first=Anne Mimault And Thiam |date=2022-01-25 |title=Burkina Faso crowd celebrates West Africa's latest coup |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/burkina-faso-crowd-celebrates-west-africas-latest-coup-2022-01-25/ |access-date=2022-06-15}}</ref> Tuni dai Damiba ya samu yabo kafin juyin mulkin kan ayyukan da ya yi na yakar masu jihadi. Lokacin da Damiba ya ƙasa shawo kan masu tayar da ƙayar baya, goyon bayan da jama’a ke ba shi ya ragu matuka. Lokacin da aka hambarar da shi a watan Satumban shekarar 2022, kungiyoyi a babban birnin kasar sun taru don nuna goyon bayansu ga waɗanda suka sauke shi. == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1981]] [[Category:Mutanen Burkina Faso]] [[Category:Sojoji]] [[Category:Shugabannin Afirka]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] drppgbtxd3fmk3yheaouguxfooat1em 0 39465 975000 554493 2026-11-01T19:57:15Z Zahrah0 14848 975000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Yunus Dimoara Musah' (an haife shi a ranar 29 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta alif dubu biyu da biyu (2002), kwararren dan wasan kwallon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kafa]] ne na kasar Amurka wanda ke taka leda a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya na kungiyar kwallon kafa ta [[Valencia CF|Valencia]] da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Amurka .''' An haife shine a Amurka, iyayensa yan asalin Ghana, ya girma galibi a Italiya da Ingila. Ya Kuma kasance matashin dan wasan kasa da kasa na Ingila kafia ya koma Amurka a shekarata 2021. == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aiki === [[Fayil:Yunus Musah CC video screenshot.png|thumb|Yunus Musa]] An kuma haifi Musah ne a [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] yayin da mahaifiyarsa 'yar kasar Ghana ce wanda ke hutu a Amurka. Mahaifinsa kuma dan kasar Ghana ne.Ya koma Italiya bayan haihuwarsa, yana zaune a Castelfranco Veneto kuma daga baya ya fara aikinsa a Giorgione Calcio 2000. A shekarar alif dubu biyu da goma shabiyu miladiyya 2012, yana da shekaru tara, ya koma [[Landan|London]] kuma ya shiga Kwalejin [[Arsenal FC|Arsenal]] . <ref name=":0" /> Kocin Arsenal ƴan kasa da shekara 16 Trevor Bumstead ya bayyana cewa Musah ya yi rawar gani nan take; "A matsayinsa na dan wasa, ya kasance 'abin mamaki'. Yana da kyawawan halaye na zahiri da tubi da kudurin tafiya tare da hakan. Zai buga ko'ina don shiga cikin kungiyar amma abin da ya fi so shi ne a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari." === Valencia === A lokacin rani a shekarar 2019, Musah ya kuma shiga [[Valencia CF|Valencia]], yana da shekaru 16, kuma an sanya shi a cikin ajiyar Segunda División B. Ya fara halarta na farko tare da kungiyar B yana da shekaru 16 a kan Satumba 15,shekarar 2019, yana farawa a wasan 0-0 na gida da CF La Nucía. Ya aura kwallonsa ta farko a ranar 1 ga Maris din shekarar 2020, inda ya jefa kwallo daya tilo da kungiyarsa ta samu a cikin rashin nasara da ci 2–1 a Gimnàstic de Tarragona. Bayan zuwan sabon koci Javi Gracia a cikin tawagar farko ta Valencia, Musah ya shafe kafin kakar wasa ta shekarar 2020 tare da manyan 'yan wasan. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 17 da watanni takwas, ya sanya tawagarsa ta farko-da La Liga - halarta a karon a ranar 13 ga watan Satumba na waccan shekarar, yana farawa a cikin nasarar gida da 4-2 da Levante UD. A yin haka, ya zama Ba’amurke na farko da ya fara taka leda a kulob din. A ranar daya (1) ga wstan Nuwamba, shekarar 2020, yana da shekaru 17 da kwanaki 338, Musah ya zira kwallo a raga a wasan da suka tashi (2-2) da [[Getafe CF]], ya zama matashin dan wasan da ba dan Spain ba da ya zura kwallo a Valencia, ya karya tarihin da Lee Kang-in ya yi a baya. shekaru 18 da kwanaki 219. A wata mai zuwa, ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa da Valencia har zuwa 2026. A ranar 16 ga watan Disamba, a zagaye na farko na gasar Copa del Rey, ya zo ne da mintuna hudu saura wurin zuwa kulob din Tercera División Terrassa FC kuma ya zira kwallo a ragar da ya yi daidai da inda tawagarsa ta ci (4-2) bayan karin lokaci . [[Fayil:2022 FIFA World Cup United States 1–1 Wales - (13).jpg|thumb|Yunus Musa]] A 2021–22 Copa del Rey, Musah ya ci nasara a CD Utrillas da CD Arenteiro a farkon zagayen. A wasan karshe a ranar 23 ga Afrilu, ya maye gurbin Dimitri Foulquier bayan mintuna 100 na wasan da suka tashi (1-1) da Real Betis kuma shi ne dan wasan da ya rasa a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Tun yana matashi Musah ya cancanci buga wa Amurka da Ghana da Italiya da Ingila wasa. === Kungiyoyin matasan Ingila === Musah ya fara buga wasan sa na farko a duniya tare da dan wasan Ingila na dan kasa da shekara 15 a shekarar 2016, sannan ya wakilci Ingila zuwa matakin dan kasa da shekara 18. An kuma kira shi zuwa tawagar dan kasa da shekaru 19 a watan Oktoba shekarar 2020. Fenaretin da Musah ya ci ya baiwa 'yan wasan Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 18 kunnen doki da 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 na Brazil a ranar 8 ga Satumba, shekarar 2019, kuma ya ci gaba da zura wata muhimmiyar kwallo a ragar dan kasa da shekaru 18 na Austria a ranar 16 ga Oktoba,shekarar 2019, inda Ingila ta ci (3-2). A dunkule Musah ya buga wa Ingila wasa fiye da 30 a matakin matasa. === Tawagar maza ta Amurka === Musah ya amince da kiran da aka yi wa manyan ‘yan wasan Amurka a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, shekarar 2020, don buga wasan sada zumunci da Wales da Panama a karshen wannan watan. Ya kasance wani bangare na kwararrun Turai wadanda suka hada da zakin farko na 10 kuma yana da matsakaicin shekaru 22. Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Amurka ta tuntubi Musah ta hanyar Nico Estévez, mataimakiyar manajan Amurka wanda ke da alaka da Valencia CF wanda a baya ya jagoranci matasan su da kungiyoyin ajiya na tsawon shekaru takwas. Musah ya fara buga wasansa na farko a duniya a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, inda ya fara wasan da suka tashi (0-0, da Wales a filin wasa na Liberty da ke Swansea . Daga nan ya fara nasara da ci (6–2), akan Panama a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba. [[Fayil:Jesús Valenzuela (World Cup 2022).jpg|thumb|Yunus Musa]] Duk da Musah ya buga wa kasar Amurka wasa a matakin manya, babban kocin Ingila Gareth Southgate ya yi yunkurin shawo kan Musah ya buga wa Ingila wasa, yana mai cewa: “Muna sa ido a kansa. Ya kasance tare da mu a cikin watanni biyun da suka gabata kuma muna matukar son makomarsa ta kasance tare da mu." Kociyan Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 21 Aidy Boothroyd shi ma ya ce: "Ina fatan za mu gan shi a U21 a wani lokaci. Ban sani ba [idan ya yanke shawararsa]. Ina fatan bai samu ba domin ina ganin idan ya zo nan ya ga abin da muke ciki zai ji dadinsa sosai.” A halin da ake ciki, hukumomin Amurka sun ci gaba da yin hulda da Musah bayan sansanin USMNT na Nuwamba, tare da mataimakin manajan Nico Estévez a tuntubar yau da kullun da kuma manajan Gregg Berhalter suna tattaunawa da Musah da danginsa. A karshen shekarar 2020, yayin da yake gab da cika shekaru 18 a duniya, Musah ya kasa tantance kan batun wace kasa ce zai wakilta ta dindindin. A ranar 15 ga Maris, shekarar 2021, duk da haka, a hukumance ya dage don wakiltar Amurka a duniya. Musah ya buga wa Amurka wasa a [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|gasar cin kofin duniya ta shekarar 2022]] a Qatar. == Kididdigar sana'a == === Kulob === {{Updated|match played November 10, 2022}}<ref>{{Soccerway|yunus-musah/517888}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanar da burin ta kulob, kakar da gasar ! rowspan="2" | Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kaka ! colspan="3" | Kungiyar ! colspan="2" | Kofin {{Efn|Includes [[Copa del Rey]]}} ! colspan="2" | Nahiyar ! colspan="2" | Sauran ! colspan="2" | Jimlar |- ! Rarraba ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa |- | Valencia B | 2019–20 | Segunda División B | 17 | 1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | 17 | 1 |- | rowspan="4" | [[Valencia CF|Valencia]] | 2020-21 | La Liga | 32 | 1 | 3 | 1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | 35 | 2 |- | 2021-22 | La Liga | 29 | 1 | 7 | 2 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | 36 | 3 |- | 2022-23 | La Liga | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | - | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar ! 72 ! 2 ! 10 ! 3 ! colspan="2" | - ! 0 ! 0 ! 82 ! 5 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimlar sana'a ! 89 ! 3 ! 10 ! 3 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 99 ! 6 |} <references group="lower-alpha" responsive="1"></references> === Ƙasashen Duniya === {{Updated|match played June 14, 2022}}<ref>{{NFT|75400}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Fitowa da burin tawagar kasa da shekara ! Tawagar kasa ! Shekara ! Aikace-aikace ! Manufa |- | rowspan="3" | Amurka | 2020 | 2 | 0 |- | 2021 | 9 | 0 |- | 2022 | 8 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimlar ! 19 ! 0 |} == Girmamawa == '''Amurka''' * kungiyar kasa ta CONCACAF : 2019-20 <references responsive="1"></references> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin hadi na waje == * Yunus Musah at BDFutbol * {{Soccerway|yunus-musah/517888}} {{Valencia CF squad}}{{United States squad 2022 FIFA World Cup}} [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Ingila]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Yan wasan kwallon kafa]] [[Category:Yan wasan kwallon kafa na Ghana]] [[category:Haifaffun 2002]] 3w9wz9l6ugy4be814sigxsj7hfg4i4e 2 41545 975152 542134 2026-11-02T10:53:32Z Dev ammar 21046 975152 wikitext text/x-wiki ---- {{user info | full name = '''Ammar Mukhtar''' | image name = Hausa Wikimedians User Group Reference Improvement Editathon 15.jpg | short quote = <big>'''''Sannu da zuwa shafina!''''' Idan kana da tambaya, game da abinda ya haɗa mu a nan. Kana iya rubuta tambayar ka a [[User talk:Dev ammar|Shafin Tattaunawa]] | about me = I am Ammar Mukhtar, a certified software engineer and passionate technology advocate. My academic journey has led me from the Katsina State Institute of Technology and Management (KSITM), where I earned my initial certification, to [[Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar'adua|Umaru Musa Yar'adua University]], Katsina., where I obtained a degree in Computer Science. I am dedicated to leveraging my technical expertise and knowledge to contribute meaningfully to the digital landscape. |about my work = I am a software engineer and passionate contributor to Hausa Wikipedia. My contributions focus on writing and editing articles, as well as translating valuable content from English Wikipedia. In 2023, I was proud to achieve fifth place in the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Contest,[https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Gasar_WPWP_2023_A_Hausa_Wikipedia #WPWPHA] helping to enrich articles with engaging visuals. I'm also actively involved in the Hausa Wikimedia community as a facilitator for the monthly edit-a-thons organized by the Hausa Wikimedians User Group, fostering collaboration and knowledge sharing among fellow editors. I also participated in 2024 Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign [https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Gasar_WPWP_2024_A_Hausa_Wikipedia #WPWPHA] and receIved an award. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ammar_Mukhtar_WPWP24.jpg SEE HERE] | contact me = * Mohammed Ammar: [https://twitter.com/moh_ammar Twitter] * Moh Ammar: [https://www.instagram.com/moh_ammar__ Instagram] }}</big> {{User ha}} {{userbox | border-c = #008080 | id = [[File:Hausa Wikimedians User Group Logo.svg|38px]] | id-c = #FFFFFF | id-fc = #FFFFFF | id-s = 9 | info = This user is a member of '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hausa_Wikimedians_User_Group Hausa Wikimedians User Group]'''. | info-c = #FFFFFF | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} }} {{User en-3}} ---- 251fl240fhofagpn86rs7nlp615k18o 0 43538 975119 956289 2026-11-02T06:04:19Z Zahrah0 14848 975119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lamine Yamal Nasraoui Ebana''' {{Efn|{{IPA|es|laˈmiɲ‿ɟʝaˈmal nasˈraɣwj‿eˈβana|small=no}}; {{IPA|ca|ləˈmin jəˈmal nəzˈrawi əˈβanə|small=no}}}} (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Yuli shekarar 2007) ƙwararren [[Ɗan ƙwallo|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Sipaniya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe na dama]] na ƙungiyar La Liga [[FC Barcelona|ta Barcelona]] da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Sipaniya . Ana yi masa kallon ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa a duniya, kuma an san shi da iya buga ƙwallo da kuma yin wasa . {{Efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name=":42">{{cite news|last1=Kay|first1=Oliver|last2=James|first2=Stuart|date=2 May 2025|title=Is Lamine Yamal already the best footballer in Europe? And if not, who is?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6326382/2025/05/02/lamine-yamal-best-footballer-who-is/|access-date=17 May 2025|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=29 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529214737/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6326382/2025/05/02/lamine-yamal-best-footballer-who-is/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":82">{{cite web |date=15 May 2025 |title=Palmer: Yamal is world's best, I love watching him |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/45165709/cole-palmer-lamine-yamal-world-best-love-watching-him |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260715155101/https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/45165709/cole-palmer-lamine-yamal-world-best-love-watching-him |archive-date=July 15, 2026 |access-date=17 May 2025 |website=ESPN}}</ref><ref name=":102">{{cite web|last=Ukpai|first=Kingsley|date=15 May 2025|title=Pedri, Raphinha and Flick crown Lamine Yamal best player in the world|url=https://tribuna.com/en/news/2025-05-15-pedri-raphinha-and-flick-crown-lamine-yamal-best-player-in-the-world/|access-date=17 May 2025|website=Tribuna|archive-date=18 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250718055005/https://tribuna.com/en/news/2025-05-15-pedri-raphinha-and-flick-crown-lamine-yamal-best-player-in-the-world/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":112">{{cite web|last=Flynn|first=Henry|title=Lamine Yamal Might Be The World's Best—Good Job He's Not Too Fussed|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/henryflynn/2025/05/16/lamine-yamal-might-be-the-worlds-best-good-job-hes-not-too-bothered/|date=16 May 2025|access-date=18 May 2025|website=Forbes|archive-date=17 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517102538/https://www.forbes.com/sites/henryflynn/2025/05/16/lamine-yamal-might-be-the-worlds-best-good-job-hes-not-too-bothered/|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Yamal {{Efn|Publications such as ''[[The New York Times]]'', ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'', and ''[[Al Jazeera]]'' refer to him simply as "Yamal". Kyle Bonn of ''[[The Sporting News]]'' has written that it is improper to call him "Yamal", as it is not his surname.<ref>{{cite web |last=Pathak |first=Manasi |title=Beauty and grace: Spain prodigy Lamine Yamal’s game lives up to his name |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/2026/7/15/lamine-yamal-name-history-barcelona-spain-fifa-world-cup-final-2026-what-to-know |date=15 July 2026 |access-date=17 July 2026 |website=Al Jazeera |archive-date=17 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260717041744/https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/2026/7/15/lamine-yamal-name-history-barcelona-spain-fifa-world-cup-final-2026-what-to-know |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilson |first=Joseph |date=2026-07-18 |title=Lionel Messi once held baby Lamine Yamal in his arms. Now they will battle for the World Cup title. |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2026/07/18/world-cup-lionel-messi-lamine-yamal/ |access-date=2026-07-20 |website=Chicago Tribune |language=en-US |archive-date=20 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260720024731/https://www.chicagotribune.com/2026/07/18/world-cup-lionel-messi-lamine-yamal/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Corrigan |first=Dermot |date=14 July 2026 |title=The story behind Lamine Yamal’s full name – and who he is named after |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7442585/2026/07/14/lamine-yamal-spain-world-cup-name-france/ |access-date=17 July 2026 |work=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Bonn |first=Kyle |date=16 June 2026 |title=Why does Lamine Yamal have full name on jersey during World Cup games? |url=https://www.sportingnews.com/us/soccer/news/why-lamine-yamal-full-name-jersey-world-cup-spain/292061e266f2407fe840360d |access-date=17 July 2026 |website=The Sporting News |archive-date=17 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260717082428/https://www.sportingnews.com/us/soccer/news/why-lamine-yamal-full-name-jersey-world-cup-spain/292061e266f2407fe840360d |url-status=live }}</ref>|group=lower-greek}} memba ne na makarantar matasa ta Barcelona, [[La Masia]], kafin ya shiga ƙungiyar farko a kakar wasa ta shekarun 2023–24 . Yana da shekaru 17, ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarami da aka zaɓa don lashe kyautar [[Ballon d'Or]], kuma a cikin shekarun 2024 da 2025 ya lashe Kopa Trophy, wanda aka bai wa mafi kyawun ɗan wasa matashi a duniya. A ƙarƙashin kocin [[Hansi Flick]], Yamal ya fito a matsayin ɗan wasa mai mahimmanci a Barcelona, inda ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar lashe kofuna uku na cikin gida a kakar wasa ta 2024-25 : La Liga, Copa del Rey da Supercopa de Spain . Tana da shekaru 18, Yamal ta kare a matsayi na biyu a [[Ballon d'Or na 2025|gasar Ballon d'Or ta 2025]] . Barcelona ta ci gaba da lashe gasar La Liga a kakar wasa ta 2025-26, inda aka nada Yamal a matsayin gwarzon dan wasan La Liga na kakar wasa ta bana Yamal ya wakilci Spain a ƙasashen duniya a matakai daban-daban na matasa, kuma ya fara bugawa ƙungiyar manyan 'yan wasa wasa a shekarar 2023, inda ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya wakilci ƙasar yana da shekaru 16. A shekarar 2024, ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya ci kwallo a gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA, inda ya lashe kyautar matashin ɗan wasa yayin da Spain ta lashe kofinta na huɗu . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Batlle |first=Nick |date=19 April 2026 |title=Barcelona must do more to maximize the potential of Lamine Yamal |url=https://www.barcablaugranes.com/cant-del-blog-barcelona-opinion/118031/barcelona-must-do-more-to-maximize-the-potential-of-lamine-yamal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260420030846/https://www.barcablaugranes.com/cant-del-blog-barcelona-opinion/118031/barcelona-must-do-more-to-maximize-the-potential-of-lamine-yamal |archive-date=20 April 2026 |access-date=19 April 2026 |website=Barca Blaugranes}}</ref> A wasan farko da Yamal ya buga [[Kofin kwallon kafa na FIFA na duniya|a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA]] a [[2026 FIFA World Cup|shekarar 2026]], ya lashe kofin duniya na farko. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Lamine Yamal Nasraoui Ebana a ranar 13 ga Yuli watan juli shekarar 2007, a Esplugues de Llobregat a cikin yankin Barcelona a [[Katalunya|Catalonia]] . <ref name="Corbella">{{Cite web |last=Corbella |first=Enrique |date=5 September 2022 |title=Lamine Yamal, el niño de 15 años que ya entrena con el Barcelona: descubre al "mini Messi" de La Masía |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/barcelona/2022/09/05/6315a6aa268e3ead0d8b4588.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220906214946/https://www.marca.com/futbol/barcelona/2022/09/05/6315a6aa268e3ead0d8b4588.html |archive-date=6 September 2022 |access-date=6 September 2022 |website=[[Marca (newspaper)|Marca]] |language=es}}</ref> Mahaifin Yamal, Mounir Nasraoui, ya fito ne daga wani ƙauye tsakanin [[Larache]] da Ksar el-Kebir, Morocco <ref>{{Cite web |last=Allam |first=Abd al-Rahim |date=2026-07-16 |title=لامين يامال: ملهم "روكافوندا" الذي طوّع كرة القدم بين الشارع والأكاديمية |url=https://thevoice.ma/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%87%D9%85-%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A-%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%91%D8%B9/ |access-date=2026-07-18 |website=Sawt al-Maghrib |language=ar}}</ref> kuma mahaifiyarsa, Sheila Ebana, ta fito ne daga Bata, Equatorial Guinea. Yana da wani suna da aka ba shi don girmama abokansa biyu na iyali, Lamine da Yamal, waɗanda suka taimaki iyayensa da kuɗi jim kaɗan kafin a haifi Yamal. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mumford |first=Robin |date=2024-09-23 |title=The reason why Lamine Yamal wears both names on back of his shirt |url=https://www.givemesport.com/why-lamine-yamal-wears-both-names-on-back-of-his-shirt/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250614171414/https://www.givemesport.com/why-lamine-yamal-wears-both-names-on-back-of-his-shirt/ |archive-date=14 June 2025 |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=GiveMeSport |language=en}}</ref> Tun yana jariri, an nuna shi a wani hoton agaji na UNICEF a shekarar 2007 tare da kulob dinsa na gaba [[FC Barcelona|na Barcelona]], inda wani matashi mai shekaru 20 [[Messi|Lionel Messi]] ya yi masa wanka. Hotunan sun yaɗu a yanar gizo shekaru goma sha tara bayan haka yayin da 'yan wasan ke shirin fuskantar juna a matsayin fitattun 'yan wasan ƙasashensu a wasan ƙarshe na cin kofin duniya na FIFA na 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-07-11 |title=Lionel Messi Once Bathed Baby Lamine Yamal. Now, They Could Face Off In the World Cup |url=https://www.today.com/popculture/news/lionel-messi-lamine-yamal-baby-bathed-throwback-rcna353523 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260715070710/https://www.today.com/popculture/news/lionel-messi-lamine-yamal-baby-bathed-throwback-rcna353523 |archive-date=15 July 2026 |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=TODAY.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-10 |title=Lamine Yamal: Photos of Lionel Messi bathing Spain wonderkid as a baby resurface |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c7206gj5w28o |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251003152507/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c7206gj5w28o |archive-date=3 October 2025 |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Wani muhimmin mutum a cikin tarbiyyar Yamal shine kakarsa ta uba, Fatima, wacce ta yi ƙaura daga [[Tanja|Tangier]], Morocco, zuwa Spain a shekarar alif 1990. Tana fuskantar matsanancin matsin tattalin arziki, ta yi aiki don samar da iyali a Rocafonda, wata unguwa a birnin Mataró a [[Katalunya|Catalonia]] . Lokacin da iyayen Yamal suka rabu a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, Fatima ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen renon sa, kula da harkokin yau da kullum da kuma tabbatar da cewa zai iya halartar zaman horo. Yamal ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa a kulob ɗin La Torreta da ke Granollers yana ɗan shekara huɗu. Bikin burinsa ya haɗa da alamar hannu da ke nuna lamba 304, lambobi uku na ƙarshe na lambar akwatin gidan waya ta Rocafonda 08304. Bayan nasarar da ya samu, an yaba wa yadda ya shahara da wannan lambar yabo da kuma kawo alfahari da girmamawa ga al'ummar Rocafonda masu aiki. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Keeley |first=Graham |date=25 May 2025 |title=Lamine Yamal: Barcelona football star inspires youth in hometown Rocafonda |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/2025/5/25/lamine-yamal-barcelona-football-star-inspires-youth-in-hometown-rocafonda |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260210101002/https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/2025/5/25/lamine-yamal-barcelona-football-star-inspires-youth-in-hometown-rocafonda |archive-date=2026-02-10 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> Yana ɗan shekara shida, Yamal ya samu damar zuwa [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] domin yin atisaye, kuma an gayyace shi zuwa horo a [[La Masia]] . Ya sanya hannu a ƙungiyar a shekarar 2014 kuma ya koma Barcelona don zama da kuma yin atisaye a makarantar. <ref name="espn">{{Cite web |last=Marsden |first=Sam |last2=Llorens |first2=Moises |date=10 September 2023 |title=The story of 16-year-old Lamine Yamal, destined to be Barcelona's next superstar |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/38354902/the-story-16-year-old-lamine-yamal-barca-next-superstar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615143216/https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/38354902/the-story-16-year-old-lamine-yamal-barca-next-superstar |archive-date=15 June 2024 |access-date=10 July 2024 |website=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Picó |first=Diego |last2=Gillingham |first2=Geoff |date=28 December 2019 |title=Lamine Yamal shows shades of Messi |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/barcelona/2019/12/28/5e072c5722601dbe358b45a6.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909141431/https://www.marca.com/en/football/barcelona/2019/12/28/5e072c5722601dbe358b45a6.html |archive-date=9 September 2022 |access-date=6 September 2022 |website=Marca}}</ref> Tun lokacin da Yamal ya girma, shahararrun 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa su ne [[Ronaldinho]], Messi da [[Neymar]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2024 |title=Lamine Yamal names three Barcelona legends as his footballing idols |url=https://www.90min.com/lamine-yamal-names-three-barcelona-legends-footballing-idols |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241217175302/https://www.90min.com/lamine-yamal-names-three-barcelona-legends-footballing-idols |archive-date=17 December 2024 |access-date=4 May 2025}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Aikin ƙuruciya === Yayin da Yamal ya ci gaba a cikin jerin makarantun matasa na [[La Masia]] na Barcelona, ba da daɗewa ba aka ɗauke shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun masu sa ransa. <ref name=":1" /> Da farko an ƙara shi cikin ƙungiyar Juvenil A - wacce ta riga ta wuce shekarunsa - don kakar wasa ta 2022-23, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Martínez |first=Ferran |date=31 August 2022 |title=Julián Araujo, un 'tapado' para el lateral derecho |url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/fc-barcelona/20220831/1001859973/julian-araujo-tapado-lateral-derecho.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909141437/https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/fc-barcelona/20220831/1001859973/julian-araujo-tapado-lateral-derecho.html |archive-date=9 September 2022 |access-date=6 September 2022 |website=[[Mundo Deportivo]] |language=es}}</ref> [[Xavi]] ya zaɓi Yamal don yin atisaye tare da ƙungiyar farko tare da sauran 'yan wasa matasa a farkon Satumba 2022. {{Efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref name=Corbella /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=FC Barcelona: Wird Lamine Yamal (15) der nächste Lionel Messi? |url=https://sportbild.bild.de/fussball/la-liga/primera-division/fc-barcelona-wird-lamine-yamal-15-der-naechste-lionel-messi-81228506.sport.html |url-status=live |website=[[Sport Bild]]|date=5 September 2022|access-date=6 September 2022|language=de|archive-date=9 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909141433/https://sportbild.bild.de/fussball/la-liga/primera-division/fc-barcelona-wird-lamine-yamal-15-der-naechste-lionel-messi-81228506.sport.html }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|first=Jonathan|last=Fernández|title=La Masía alumbra a su 'nuevo Ansu' |url=https://as.com/futbol/primera/la-masia-alumbra-a-su-nuevo-ansu-n/|website=[[Diario AS]]|date=4 September 2022|access-date=6 September 2022|language=es|archive-date=5 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905220002/https://as.com/futbol/primera/la-masia-alumbra-a-su-nuevo-ansu-n/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2022 |title=Promessa de 15 anos encanta Xavi e treina com elenco do Barcelona |url=https://ge.globo.com/futebol/futebol-internacional/noticia/2022/09/05/promessa-de-15-anos-encanta-xavi-e-treina-com-elenco-do-barcelona.ghtml|website=[[TV Globo|Globo Esporte]]|access-date=6 September 2022 |language=pt|archive-date=5 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905140033/https://ge.globo.com/futebol/futebol-internacional/noticia/2022/09/05/promessa-de-15-anos-encanta-xavi-e-treina-com-elenco-do-barcelona.ghtml |url-status=live }}</ref>}} Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko a ranar 29 ga Afrilu 2023, inda ya maye gurbin [[Gavi (Dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa)|Gavi]] a minti na 83 na nasarar da suka samu a kan Real Betis da ci 4-0 a [[La Liga|gasar La Liga]], inda ya yi nasarar jefa kwallo a raga. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2023 |title=Youngest players in the history of La Liga |url=https://www.90min.com/posts/youngest-players-in-history-la-liga |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240215235918/https://www.90min.com/posts/youngest-players-in-history-la-liga |archive-date=15 February 2024 |access-date=15 February 2024 |website=www.90min.com}}</ref> Yana da shekaru 15, watanni 9, da kwana 16, shi ne ɗan wasa mafi ƙaranci da ya bayyana a ƙungiyar farko ta Barcelona tun bayan Armando Sagi mai shekaru 15 a shekarar 1922. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanderson |first=Tom |title=15-Year-Old FC Barcelona Prodigy Lamine Yamal Smashes Youngest Appearance Maker Record |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomsanderson/2023/04/29/15-year-old-prodigy-lamine-yamal-smashes-fc-barcelona-youngest-appearance-maker-record/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510022802/https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomsanderson/2023/04/29/15-year-old-prodigy-lamine-yamal-smashes-fc-barcelona-youngest-appearance-maker-record/ |archive-date=10 May 2023 |access-date=29 April 2023 |website=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Mayu 2023, Yamal ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar Barcelona da ta lashe gasar La Liga ta 2022–23 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Montenegro |first=Carlos |date=15 May 2023 |title=Lamine Yamal enters the history of LaLiga after the Barça title |url=https://www.fcbarcelonanoticias.com/en/players/lamine-yamal-enters-the-history-of-laliga-after-the-barca-title_292382_102.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822070119/https://www.fcbarcelonanoticias.com/en/players/lamine-yamal-enters-the-history-of-laliga-after-the-barca-title_292382_102.html |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=FC Barcelona Noticias}}</ref> === 2023–24: Nasarar farko a ƙungiyar === Duk da cewa Yamal ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta Barcelona a duk kakar wasa ta 2023-24, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-25 |title=Barça Atlètic Squad - FC Barcelona Official Channel |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/barca-b/players |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225194746/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/barca-b/players |archive-date=2024-02-25 |access-date=2024-07-15}}</ref> ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar a ranar 20 ga Agusta 2023 a lokacin da suka doke Cádiz da ci 2-0 a Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys . <ref name="youngstart">{{Cite web |date=21 August 2023 |title=Lamine Yamal, youngest FC Barcelona starter ever |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/3644506/lamine-yamal-youngest-fc-barcelona-starter-ever |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822070123/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/3644506/lamine-yamal-youngest-fc-barcelona-starter-ever |archive-date=22 August 2023 |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=[[FC Barcelona]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Schlachter |first=Thomas |date=21 August 2023 |title=Lamine Yamal becomes youngest La Liga starter in 21st century in Barcelona's 2-0 win against Cádiz |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/08/21/sport/lamine-yamal-youngest-starter-barcelona-spt-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010190438/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/08/21/sport/lamine-yamal-youngest-starter-barcelona-spt-intl/index.html |archive-date=10 October 2023 |access-date=22 August 2023 |website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya fara bugawa Barcelona wasa a tarihi, <ref name="youngstart" /> kuma an yi masa tafi da shi tsaye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ballús |first=Pol |date=22 August 2023 |title=Yamal shines again for Barcelona as Xavi turns to 'fearless' 16-year-old in attack |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4792442/2023/08/21/barcelona-lamine-yamal-ansu-fati-xavi-cadiz/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618224610/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4792442/2023/08/21/barcelona-lamine-yamal-ansu-fati-xavi-cadiz/ |archive-date=18 June 2024 |website=[[The Athletic]]}}</ref> A wasansa na gaba da ya fara, an nada shi gwarzon wasa bayan ya taimaka wajen taimakawa wajen zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Villarreal da ci 4-3 a ranar 28 ga Agusta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2023 |title=Villarreal 3–4 FC Barcelona: Rollercoaster ride to victory |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/3655925/villarreal-3-4-fc-barcelona-rollercoaster-ride-to-victory |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902073111/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/3655925/villarreal-3-4-fc-barcelona-rollercoaster-ride-to-victory |archive-date=2 September 2023 |access-date=27 August 2023 |website=FC Barcelona}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2023 |title=Watch: 16-year-old Lamine Yamal's highlights after incredible Barcelona performance |url=https://www.football-espana.net/2023/08/27/watch-16-year-old-lamine-yamals-highlights-after-incredible-barcelona-performance |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230831184215/https://www.football-espana.net/2023/08/27/watch-16-year-old-lamine-yamals-highlights-after-incredible-barcelona-performance |archive-date=31 August 2023 |access-date=27 August 2023 |website=Football España}}</ref> An nada shi a matsayin ɗan wasan farko na ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23 na watan Agusta sakamakon rawar da ya taka. A ranar 19 ga Satumba, Yamal ya fara buga gasar zakarun Turai a wasan da suka doke [[Royal Antwerp]] da ci 5-0, inda ya zama ɗan wasa na biyu mafi ƙarami a tarihi da ya buga gasar. <ref name="youngcl">{{Cite web |date=19 September 2023 |title=Youngest Champions League players: Moukoko, Yamal, Babayaro, Cherki, Halilović, Tielemans |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0253-0d042a009474-d3a14de143a9-1000--youngest-champions-league-players-moukoko-yamal-babayaro-che/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928115651/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0253-0d042a009474-d3a14de143a9-1000--youngest-champions-league-players-moukoko-yamal-babayaro-che/ |archive-date=28 September 2023 |access-date=19 September 2023 |publisher=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> <ref name="youngcl" /> A ranar 2 ga Oktoba, ya tsawaita kwangilarsa da Barcelona har zuwa 2026, tare da sharadin siyan €1 biliyan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2023 |title=Lamine Yamal extends contract to 2026 |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/barca-b/news/3714997/lamine-yamal-extends-contract-to-2026 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004153504/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/barca-b/news/3714997/lamine-yamal-extends-contract-to-2026 |archive-date=4 October 2023 |access-date=2 October 2023 |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> A mako mai zuwa, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a babban kulob a lokacin da suka tashi kunnen doki 2-2 da Granada . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lamine Yamal |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/barca-b/players/3673478/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317125534/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/barca-b/players/3673478/ |archive-date=17 March 2024 |access-date=28 March 2024 |publisher=FC Barcelona Atlètic}}</ref> <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=28 October 2023 |title=Lamine Yamal, youngest player to feature in a Clásico |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/3754181/lamine-yamal-youngest-player-to-feature-in-a-clasico/featured |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029182445/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/3754181/lamine-yamal-youngest-player-to-feature-in-a-clasico/featured |archive-date=29 October 2023 |access-date=28 October 2023 |website=FC Barcelona}}</ref> A farkon watan Disamba, an bai wa Yamal kyautar Golden Boy The Youngest ta farko, wadda aka bai wa ƙaramin ɗan wasa da aka zaɓa don kyautar Golden Boy . <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2023 |title=Lamine Yamal and Aitana Bonmatí receive Golden Boy 2023 awards |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/3808039/lamine-yamal-and-aitana-bonmati-receive-golden-boy-2023-awards |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725002151/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/3808039/lamine-yamal-and-aitana-bonmati-receive-golden-boy-2023-awards |archive-date=25 July 2024 |access-date=8 December 2023 |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2023 |title='I will like to win it': Yamal makes promise after receiving prestigious award |url=https://tribuna.com/en/news/fcbarcelona-2023-12-05-i-will-like-to-win-it-yamal-makes-promise-after-receiving-prestigious-award/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208154209/https://tribuna.com/en/news/fcbarcelona-2023-12-05-i-will-like-to-win-it-yamal-makes-promise-after-receiving-prestigious-award/ |archive-date=8 December 2023 |access-date=8 December 2023 |website=Tribuna}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Janairun 2024, Yamal ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka doke Osasuna da ci 2-0 a wasan kusa da na karshe na Supercopa de España, inda ya zama dan wasa mafi karancin shekaru da ya zura kwallo a gasar Supercopa, yana da shekaru 16 da kwana 182. <ref name="goalsensation">{{Cite web |date=11 January 2024 |title=Watch: Lamine Yamal making more history! 16-year-old Barcelona sensation breaks Supercopa goalscoring record after late strike against Osasuna |url=https://www.goal.com/en/lists/watch-lamine-yamal-history-16-year-old-barcelona-sensation-supercopa-goalscoring-record-osasuna/bltd41eed3f97af8ab6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111223729/https://www.goal.com/en/lists/watch-lamine-yamal-history-16-year-old-barcelona-sensation-supercopa-goalscoring-record-osasuna/bltd41eed3f97af8ab6 |archive-date=11 January 2024 |access-date=10 February 2024 |website=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]}}</ref> Makonni biyu bayan haka, ya zira kwallaye a wasan kusa da na karshe na Copa del Rey da Athletic Bilbao a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 4-2 bayan karin lokaci, inda ya zama matashin dan wasa da ya zura kwallaye a tarihin gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Gill |date=25 January 2024 |title=Lamine Yamal apologises to Barcelona fans after Copa del Rey defeat to Athletic |url=https://www.barcablaugranes.com/2024/1/25/24050130/lamine-yamal-apologises-to-barcelona-fans-after-copa-del-rey-defeat-to-athletic |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240125120608/https://www.barcablaugranes.com/2024/1/25/24050130/lamine-yamal-apologises-to-barcelona-fans-after-copa-del-rey-defeat-to-athletic |archive-date=25 January 2024 |access-date=10 February 2024 |website=Barca Blaugranes}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Fabrairu, Yamal ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka tashi 3-3 da Granada, kuma aka nada shi gwarzon wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2024 |title=FC Barcelona 3-3 Granada: Held at home in six-goal thriller |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/3892232/fc-barcelona-3-3-granada-held-at-home-in-six-goal-thriller |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229055747/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/3892232/fc-barcelona-3-3-granada-held-at-home-in-six-goal-thriller |archive-date=29 February 2024 |access-date=12 February 2024 |website=FC Barcelona}}</ref> A ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2023-24, Barcelona ta kare a matsayi na biyu a gasar La Liga kuma [[Paris Saint-Germain]] (PSG) ta fitar da ita daga gasar zakarun Turai a wasan kusa da na karshe. Yamal ya taimaka wa PSG a wasan zagaye na biyu, inda Barcelona ta sha kashi da ci 4-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 May 2024 |title=Sevilla 1-2 FC Barcelona: Winning end to the season |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4028501/sevilla-1-2-fc-barcelona-winning-end-to-the-season |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251229134431/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4028501/sevilla-1-2-fc-barcelona-winning-end-to-the-season |archive-date=29 December 2025 |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2024 |title=Barcelona 1-4 Paris St-Germain (Agg: 4-6): Kylian Mbappe scores twice as PSG reach last four |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68819301 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601224314/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/68819301 |archive-date=1 June 2024 |access-date=10 July 2024 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> === 2024–25: Gasar cin kofin gida ta uku === A wasan farko na kakar La Liga ta 2024–25 a ranar 18 ga Agusta, Yamal ya taimaka wa Barcelona ta doke [[Valencia CF|Valencia]] da ci 2-1. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Valencia vs Barcelona |url=https://www.sofascore.com/football/match/valencia-barcelona/rgbsDgb |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917183032/https://www.sofascore.com/football/match/valencia-barcelona/rgbsDgb |archive-date=17 September 2024 |access-date=September 17, 2024 |website=[[Sofascore]]}}</ref> A wasan da ya biyo baya da Athletic Bilbao a ranar 24 ga Agusta, Yamal ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a wani nasara da ci 2-1. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Barcelona vs Athletic Club |url=https://www.sofascore.com/football/match/athletic-club-barcelona/rgbsAgb#id:12437652 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917183032/https://www.sofascore.com/football/match/athletic-club-barcelona/rgbsAgb#id:12437652 |archive-date=17 September 2024 |access-date=September 17, 2024 |website=[[Sofascore]]}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Satumba, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar zakarun Turai a lokacin da Monaco ta sha kashi da ci 2-1 a wasan gasar zakarun Turai, inda ya zama na biyu mafi karancin shekaru da ya ci kwallo a tarihin gasar zakarun Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2024 |title=Lamine Yamal makes history again |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/4122787/lamine-yamal-makes-history-again |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921025836/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/4122787/lamine-yamal-makes-history-again |archive-date=21 September 2024 |access-date=27 September 2024 |website=[[FC Barcelona]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Marissa |date=19 September 2024 |title=Monaco 2-1 Barcelona: George Ilenikhena scores as 10-man Barca beaten in Champions League |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/c04ppddv50et |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240920004524/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/c04ppddv50et |archive-date=20 September 2024 |access-date=20 September 2024 |publisher=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Oktoba, ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin zura ƙwallo a tarihin El Clásico lokacin da ya ci kwallo ɗaya a wasan da suka doke [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] da ci 4-0 a [[Santiago Bernabéu Stadium|Santiago Bernabeu]] da ke Madrid. A lokacin wasan, Yamal da abokan wasansa Fati da [[Raphinha]] sun fuskanci cin zarafin launin fata daga wasu magoya bayan Real Madrid. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2024 |title=Lamine Yamal youngest Clásico goalscorer |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4156854/lamine-yamal-youngest-clasico-goalscorer |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207183022/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4156854/lamine-yamal-youngest-clasico-goalscorer |archive-date=7 December 2024 |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=[[FC Barcelona]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2024 |title='No place for these criminals in our society!' - Vinicius Junior sends support to Lamine Yamal, Raphinha & Ansu Fati after seeing Barcelona trio targeted with racist insults in El Clasico win at Real Madrid |url=https://www.goal.com/en/lists/no-place-criminals-society-vinicius-junior-sends-support-lamine-yamal-raphinha-ansu-fati-barcelona-trio-targeted-racist-insults-el-clasico-real-madrid/blt051e17049c4c2523#cs5523e9e83afd302b |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241103203326/https://www.goal.com/en/lists/no-place-criminals-society-vinicius-junior-sends-support-lamine-yamal-raphinha-ansu-fati-barcelona-trio-targeted-racist-insults-el-clasico-real-madrid/blt051e17049c4c2523#cs5523e9e83afd302b |archive-date=3 November 2024 |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=[[goal.com]] |language=en}}</ref> Bayan ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka doke Valencia da ci 5-0 a wasan kusa da na karshe na Copa del Rey a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 2025, Yamal ya kasa zura kwallo sama da wata guda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lamine Yamal Silences Critics with Stunning Goal After Month-Long Drought |url=https://www.beinsports.com/en-us/soccer/uefa-champions-league/articles-video/lamine-yamal-silences-critics-with-stunning-goal-after-month-long-drought-2025-03-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260421112528/https://www.beinsports.com/en-us/soccer/uefa-champions-league/articles-video/lamine-yamal-silences-critics-with-stunning-goal-after-month-long-drought-2025-03-12 |archive-date=21 April 2026 |access-date=2026-03-08 |website=BeIn Sports}}</ref> Rashin cin kwallaye a gasar La Liga ya fara ne daga 26 ga Oktoba 2024 zuwa 18 ga Maris 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lamine Yamal sends message to critics after ending La Liga Goal Drought |url=https://www.thesportsfire.com/lamine-yamal-sends-message-to-critics-after-ending-la-liga-goal-drought/ |access-date=2026-03-08 |website=The Sports Fire}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title='He still scores few goals' - Barcelona wonderkid Lamine Yamal accused of 'dropping a bit' after goal drought as Italy legend Francesco Totti has his say on teenager's big problem |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/lists/barcelona-wonderkid-lamine-yamal-accused-la-liga-francesco-totti-teenager-form/blt6b745bc78ac6d499 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260720100432/https://www.goal.com/en-gb/lists/barcelona-wonderkid-lamine-yamal-accused-la-liga-francesco-totti-teenager-form/blt6b745bc78ac6d499 |archive-date=20 July 2026 |access-date=2026-03-08 |website=Goal}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Afrilu, ya buga wasa na 100 a Barcelona a wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar zakarun Turai da Inter Milan, inda ya zura kwallo a wasan da suka tashi 3-3 a zagayen farko . Manajan Inter Milan Simone Inzaghi ya bayyana Yamal a matsayin "abin mamaki da ake samu duk bayan shekaru 50". <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-30 |title=Inzaghi: Phenoms like Yamal 'born every 50 years' |url=https://africa.espn.com/football/story/_/id/44939974/inter-inzaghi-barcelona-yamal-born-every-50-years |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250501000322/https://africa.espn.com/football/story/_/id/44939974/inter-inzaghi-barcelona-yamal-born-every-50-years |archive-date=1 May 2025 |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2025, Yamal ya zama ɗan wasa na farko da ya lashe Kopa Trophy sau biyu, kuma ya zo na biyu wajen zaɓen [[Ballon d'Or]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=SAM |date=2025-09-22 |title=Ballon d'Or 2025: Winners, reactions, and best moments from the gala {{!}} Marca |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/2025/09/22/68d167ff7aeb1c2f75b9e9e8-live.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250922201951/https://www.marca.com/en/football/2025/09/22/68d167ff7aeb1c2f75b9e9e8-live.html |archive-date=22 September 2025 |access-date=2026-07-20 |website=Marca.com |language=en-US}}</ref> === 2025–26: Lambar gado 10 === [[Fayil:LamineYamal_-_FCB_-_Partido_Athletic_Club_vs_FC_Barcelona.jpg|thumb| Yamal yana murnar cin kwallo a ragar [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] a wasan da suka yi da Athletic Bilbao a shekarar 2026]] A ranar 27 ga Mayu 2025, Yamal ya amince da kwantiraginsa na farko na dogon lokaci da Barcelona, inda ya daure shi da kulob din har zuwa 30 ga Yuni 2031 kuma za a sanya hannu a kansa a ranar cikarsa shekara goma sha takwas. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-27 |title=Lamine Yamal extends contract with FC Barcelona to 2031 |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/4274403/lamine-yamal-extends-contract-with-fc-barcelona-to-2031 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251228110629/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/4274403/lamine-yamal-extends-contract-with-fc-barcelona-to-2031 |archive-date=28 December 2025 |access-date=2025-05-28 |website= |publisher=FC Barcelona |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sung |first=Patrick |date=2025-05-28 |title=17-year-old superstar Lamine Yamal signs contract extension with Barcelona until 2031 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/05/28/sport/lamine-yamal-contract-extension-barcelona-2031-spt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260107194904/https://www.cnn.com/2025/05/28/sport/lamine-yamal-contract-extension-barcelona-2031-spt |archive-date=7 January 2026 |access-date=2025-05-28 |website= |publisher=[[CNN]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ''Jaridar Athletic'' ta ruwaito cewa kwangilar Yamal za ta iya kaiwa darajar dala miliyan 45.3 a kowace shekara, gami da albashi, kari da kuma kuɗin kwangila, wanda hakan zai sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da Barcelona ke biyan albashi mafi tsoka. A ranar 16 ga Yuli, a taron sanya hannu kan kwangilar, an bai wa Yamal rigar Barcelona mai lamba 10, wadda aka bar ta bayan [[Ansu Fati]] ya ba Monaco aro. A ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, a wasan farko na kakar wasa ta La Liga da Mallorca, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a Barcelona yayin da yake sanye da riga mai lamba 10. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-16 |title=Barcelona player ratings vs Mallorca: Raphinha, Ferran Torres and Lamine Yamal give Catalan giants comfortable win over nine-man Mallorca as Marcus Rashford makes La Liga debut {{!}} Goal.com English Qatar |url=https://www.goal.com/en-qa/lists/barcelona-player-ratings-vs-mallorca-raphinha-ferran-torres-lamine-yamal-marcus-rashford-la-liga-debut/blt0c3584db573f5335 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913090736/https://www.goal.com/en-qa/lists/barcelona-player-ratings-vs-mallorca-raphinha-ferran-torres-lamine-yamal-marcus-rashford-la-liga-debut/blt0c3584db573f5335 |archive-date=13 September 2025 |access-date=2026-07-20 |website=www.goal.com |language=en-QA}}</ref> A ranar 28 ga Fabrairu 2026, Yamal ya zura kwallaye uku a wasansa na farko a rayuwarsa a wasan da suka doke Villarreal da ci 4-1 a gida. <ref>{{Cite web |last=USA |first=AS |date=2026-02-28 |title=Barcelona vs Villarreal summary: score, stats, goals & highlights {{!}} LaLiga 2025/26 |url=https://en.as.com/soccer/barcelona-vs-villarreal-live-online-score-stats-goals-updates-laliga-202526-f202602-n/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260713215252/https://en.as.com/soccer/barcelona-vs-villarreal-live-online-score-stats-goals-updates-laliga-202526-f202602-n/ |archive-date=13 July 2026 |access-date=2026-07-20 |website=AS USA |language=en-us}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Afrilu, ya ji rauni a cinyarsa yayin da yake shan bugun fenariti a wasan da suka doke [[RC Celta de Vigo|Celta Vigo]] da ci 1-0, wanda hakan ya sa ba zai buga wasa ba har tsawon kakar wasa ta 2025-26 . Ya kammala kakar wasa da kwallaye 24 da kuma taimakawa a ci 17 a dukkan gasannin da suka fafata, ciki har da kwallaye 16 da kuma taimakawa a ci 11 a gasar La Liga, inda ya kare a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a kungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2026 |title=Lamine Yamal's 2025-26 record for FC Barcelona |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/articles/lamine-yamals-2025-26-record-193800490.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260702221926/https://sports.yahoo.com/articles/lamine-yamals-2025-26-record-193800490.html |archive-date=2 July 2026 |access-date=2 July 2026 |publisher=Yahoo! Sports}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == === Catalonia === Yamal ya wakilci matasan ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Catalonia tun yana ƙarami, kuma ya zama kyaftin tun yana ɗan shekara 11. Ya kasance kyaftin a tsawon lokacinsa yana wasa a ƙungiyoyin 'yan ƙasa da shekara 12, 'yan ƙasa da shekara 14 da kuma 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 September 2023 |title=Lamine Yamal, de les Seleccions Catalanes base a trencar rècords amb La Roja |url=https://www.fcf.cat/noticia/lamine-yamal-de-les-seleccions-catalanes-base-a-trencar-records-amb-la-roja/12/09/2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725002155/https://www.fcf.cat/noticia/lamine-yamal-de-les-seleccions-catalanes-base-a-trencar-records-amb-la-roja/12/09/2023 |archive-date=25 July 2024 |access-date=16 July 2024 |website=FCF |language=ca}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=20 November 2022 |title=Empat suficient per a la Selecció Catalana sub 16 |url=https://www.fcf.cat/noticia/empat-suficient-per-a-la-seleccio-catalana-sub-16/20/11/2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725002109/https://www.fcf.cat/noticia/empat-suficient-per-a-la-seleccio-catalana-sub-16/20/11/2022 |archive-date=25 July 2024 |access-date=16 July 2024 |website=FCF |language=ca}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na 2022, Yamal ya zura kwallo mai ban sha'awa a wasan da suka yi da Castile da León, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruano |first=Raúl |date=2024-07-10 |title=El golazo de Lamine Yamal en los anexos del Zorrilla con 15 años |url=https://www.diariodevalladolid.es/deportes/240710/230620/golazo-lamine-yamal-anexos-zorrilla-15-anos.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725002132/https://www.diariodevalladolid.es/deportes/240710/230620/golazo-lamine-yamal-anexos-zorrilla-15-anos.html |archive-date=25 July 2024 |access-date=2024-07-16 |website=Diario de Valladolid |language=es}}</ref> kuma daga baya a wannan watan ya ci bugun fenariti, ya taimaka wa Catalonia ta ci kwallo ta biyu, sannan ya sami jan kati a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Aragon wanda ya kai Catalonia ga "Fase d'Or" na gasar cin kofin yankin Spain ta 2022-23. <ref name=":0" /> Ba a kira Yamal cikin tawagar da za ta fafata a gasar Fase d'Or a shekarar 2023 ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2023 |title=Convocatòria d'entrenament sub 16 masculina: 10.01.23 |url=https://www.fcf.cat/noticia/convocatoria-d-entrenament-sub-16-masculina-10-01-23/04/01/2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725002204/https://www.fcf.cat/noticia/convocatoria-d-entrenament-sub-16-masculina-10-01-23/04/01/2023 |archive-date=25 July 2024 |access-date=16 July 2024 |website=FCF |language=ca}}</ref> === Sipaniya === [[Fayil:Lamine_Yamal_in_2025.jpg|thumb|305x305px| Yamal yana bugawa Spain wasa a shekarar 2025]] Yamal matashi ne a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa da ƙasa a Spain, <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Peyret |first=Didac |date=4 September 2022 |title=¿Quién es Lamine Yamal? La perla de 15 años que ya entrena con Xavi |url=https://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/lamine-yamal-cadete-barcelona-xavi-13636159 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905220937/https://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/lamine-yamal-cadete-barcelona-xavi-13636159 |archive-date=5 September 2022 |access-date=6 September 2022 |website=[[Sport (Spanish newspaper)|Sport]] |language=es}}</ref> bayan ya buga wa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta Spain 'yan ƙasa da shekara 15 da kuma 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 May 2022 |title=Rojita U15 : Lamine Yamal s'éclate face à la Suisse (vidéo) |url=https://lionsdelatlas.ma/rojita-u15-lamine-yamal-seclate-face-a-la-suisse-video/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220909141432/https://lionsdelatlas.ma/rojita-u15-lamine-yamal-seclate-face-a-la-suisse-video/ |archive-date=9 September 2022 |access-date=6 September 2022 |website=Lions de l'Atlas |language=fr}}</ref> A shekarar 2023, ya wakilci ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta Spain a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta 2023, inda Yamal ya zira kwallaye huɗu a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Álvarez |first=Ángel |date=30 May 2023 |title=Lamine Yamal se despide del Europeo sub-17 con otro golazo antológico: es un elegido |url=https://cronicaglobal.elespanol.com/culemania/culemaniacos/20230530/lamine-yamal-despide-europeo-sub-17-antologico-elegido/767673315_0.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824222830/https://cronicaglobal.elespanol.com/culemania/culemaniacos/20230530/lamine-yamal-despide-europeo-sub-17-antologico-elegido/767673315_0.html |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=Crónica Global |language=es}}</ref> Spain ta kai wasan kusa da na karshe inda Faransa ta fitar da ita bayan shan kashi da ci 3-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2023 |title=España cae con honores (1–3) ante Francia en las semifinales del Europeo |url=https://rfef.es/es/noticias/cronica-espana-francia-semifinales-euro |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824222829/https://rfef.es/es/noticias/cronica-espana-francia-semifinales-euro |archive-date=24 August 2023 |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=Royal Spanish Football Federation |language=es}}</ref> Yana da shekaru 16 da kwanaki 50, Yamal ya sami kiran farko na manyan 'yan wasa na duniya a ranar 1 ga Satumba 2023 ta hannun koci Luis de la Fuente don wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA Euro 2024 da Georgia da Cyprus, <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2023 |title=Oficial {{!}} Lista de convocados para los partidos contra Georgia y Chipre |url=https://rfef.es/es/noticias/oficial-lista-de-convocados-para-los-partidos-contra-georgia-y-chipre |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901155535/https://rfef.es/es/noticias/oficial-lista-de-convocados-para-los-partidos-contra-georgia-y-chipre |archive-date=1 September 2023 |access-date=1 September 2023 |publisher=Royal Spanish Football Federation |language=es}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2023 |title=16-year-old Barcelona talent subject to "suffocating pressure" during international selection decision |url=https://www.football-espana.net/2023/09/01/16-year-old-barcelona-talent-subject-to-suffocating-pressure-during-international-selection-decision |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906104949/https://www.football-espana.net/2023/09/01/16-year-old-barcelona-talent-subject-to-suffocating-pressure-during-international-selection-decision |archive-date=6 September 2023 |access-date=1 September 2023 |website=Football España}}</ref> kuma ya fara buga wasa a babban kulob dinsa a ranar 8 ga Satumba 2023, inda ya zura kwallo a minti na 74 na nasarar da suka samu da ci 7-1. Yana da shekaru 16 da kwana 57, ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙaranci kuma mai zura ƙwallo a Spain, inda ya karya tarihin da [[Gavi (Dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa)|Gavi]] ya riƙe wanda ya fara buga wasa yana da shekaru 17 da kwana 62 kuma ya zura ƙwallo yana da shekaru 17 da kwana 304. Baya ga wannan, Yamal ta zama mafi ƙarancin ɗan wasan da ya zura ƙwallo a wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar Euro, inda ta zarce ɗan wasan Wales [[Gareth Bale]] wanda ya ci ƙwallo yana da shekaru 17, kwana 83. <ref name="ESPN 2023" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2023 |title=Lamine Yamal becomes youngest Spain player and scorer in rout of Georgia |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/sep/08/lamine-yamal-becomes-spains-youngest-ever-player-and-scorer |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231122032629/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/sep/08/lamine-yamal-becomes-spains-youngest-ever-player-and-scorer |archive-date=22 November 2023 |access-date=9 September 2023 |website=The Guardian |publisher=P. A. Media}}</ref> An kira Yamal cikin tawagar 'yan wasan Spain a watan Oktoban 2023 domin sauran wasannin neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Turai da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Scotland|Scotland]] da Norway . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2023 |title=Lamine Yamal: Iliopsoas muscle injury in left leg |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/3731723/lamine-yamal-iliopsoas-muscle-injury-in-left-leg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017095117/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/3731723/lamine-yamal-iliopsoas-muscle-injury-in-left-leg |archive-date=17 October 2023 |access-date=16 October 2023 |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marsden |first=Sam |last2=Llorens |first2=Moises |date=10 October 2023 |title=Barça injuries mount as Yamal out of Spain team |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/38621372/barcelona-injury-crisis-worsens-yamal-spain-squad |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725002213/https://platform.twitter.com/widgets/widget_iframe.2f70fb173b9000da126c79afe2098f02.html?origin=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com |archive-date=25 July 2024 |access-date=16 October 2023 |website=ESPN}}</ref> Spain ta lashe wasanni biyu domin samun gurbin shiga gasar Euro 2024. ==== Zakaran gasar Euro 2024 ==== A ranar 7 ga Yuni 2024, an zaɓi Yamal a cikin tawagar 'yan wasa 26 da za su fafata a gasar. A ranar 15 ga watan Yuni, ya fara buga wasa a gasar cin kofin Turai da Croatia, inda ya zama dan wasa mafi karancin shekaru da ya buga wasa a gasar, yana da shekaru 16 da kwanaki 338, inda ya karya tarihin da Kacper Kozłowski na Poland ya kafa a baya. A lokacin wasan da suka yi da Croatia, ya kuma zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya taimaka wa wani ɗan wasa, inda ya kafa ƙwallon Dani Carvajal a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 3-0. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mills |first=Richard |date=15 June 2024 |title=Spain player ratings vs Croatia: Lamine Yamal is unbelievable! Record-breaking teenager stars as La Roja make easy work of Luka Modric & Co in strong start to Euro 2024 |url=https://www.goal.com/en/lists/spain-player-ratings-croatia-lamine-yamal-alvaro-morata/blt4cadab491a033fd2#cs283e6bb2a786e738 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725002136/https://www.goal.com/en/lists/spain-player-ratings-croatia-lamine-yamal-alvaro-morata/blt4cadab491a033fd2#cs283e6bb2a786e738 |archive-date=25 July 2024 |access-date=15 June 2024 |website=Goal}}</ref> A wasan zagaye na 16 da Georgia, ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya buga wasa a matakin knockout, inda ya karya tarihin [[Jude Bellingham]], baya ga bayar da wani taimako a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 4-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2024 |title=Spain 4-1 Georgia: Resilient La Roja fight back to reach quarter-finals |url=https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/news/028e-1b422f0a13e9-95e80bebdabb-1000--spain-4-1-georgia-resilient-la-roja-fight-back-to-reach-la/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630212420/https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/news/028e-1b422f0a13e9-95e80bebdabb-1000--spain-4-1-georgia-resilient-la-roja-fight-back-to-reach-la/ |archive-date=30 June 2024 |access-date=30 June 2024 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> Yamal ya sake bayar da taimako mai mahimmanci a kan Jamus a wasan da suka yi da Jamus a wasan daf da na kusa da na karshe da ci 2-1, kuma ya daidaita tarihin Spain na bayar da taimako sau uku a gasar cin kofin Turai (bayan [[Cesc Fabregas|Cesc Fàbregas]] a 2008, David Silva a 2012 da [[Dani Olmo]] a 2020 ). Ya zura kwallon farko da Spain ta ci a wasan kusa da na karshe da Faransa da ci 2-1 a ranar 9 ga watan Yuli, da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida daga wajen filin wasa, wanda ya lashe kwallon da ta ba ta damar zura kwallo a gasar. Ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin zura ƙwallo a tarihin gasar Euro kwana huɗu kafin ranar haihuwarsa ta 17, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Yomtov |first=Jesse |date=9 July 2024 |title=Spain's Lamine Yamal nets sizzling goal, becomes youngest goal scorer in UEFA Euro history |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/soccer/2024/07/09/lamine-yamal-goal-spain-euro-2024/74342111007/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715071348/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/soccer/2024/07/09/lamine-yamal-goal-spain-euro-2024/74342111007/ |archive-date=15 July 2024 |access-date=9 July 2024 |website=USA Today}}</ref> kuma ya fi ɗan shekara ɗaya girmi wanda ya taɓa riƙe tarihin a baya , Johan Vonlanthen . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2024 |title=Spain's Lamine Yamal, 16, 'genius' in Euro record evening |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/40527430/spain-lamine-yamal-16-youngest-euro-scorer |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715181647/https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/40527430/spain-lamine-yamal-16-youngest-euro-scorer |archive-date=15 July 2024 |access-date=10 July 2024 |website=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> A ƙarshen gasar Euro 2024, an naɗa Yamal a matsayin matashin ɗan wasan da ya fi yin fice a gasar . <ref name="Euro24 YoungPlayer">{{Cite web |date=14 July 2024 |title=Lamine Yamal named Euro 2024 Young Player of the Tournament |url=https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/news/028f-1b5e5e91b6e6-b9784b9e13fb-1000--lamine-yamal-named-euro-2024-young-player-of-the-tournament/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715145905/https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/news/028f-1b5e5e91b6e6-b9784b9e13fb-1000--lamine-yamal-named-euro-2024-young-player-of-the-tournament/ |archive-date=15 July 2024 |access-date=14 July 2024 |website=UEFA}}</ref> Nasarar da Spain ta samu a kan Ingila da ci 2-1 a wasan karshe na gasar Euro 2024 ya sanya shi ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya lashe gasar Euro. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2024 |title=Lamine Yamal sets new record as youngest player to feature at a UEFA European Championship |url=https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/news/0255-0d9f33ac425a-2e8c3765087b-1000--lamine-yamal-sets-new-record-as-youngest-player-to-feature-a/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616091736/https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/news/0255-0d9f33ac425a-2e8c3765087b-1000--lamine-yamal-sets-new-record-as-youngest-player-to-feature-a/ |archive-date=16 June 2024 |access-date=14 July 2024 |website=UEFA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2024 |title=Spain vs England UEFA Euro 2024 Final |url=https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/match/2036211--spain-vs-england/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725002752/https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/match/2036211--spain-vs-england/ |archive-date=25 July 2024 |access-date=16 July 2024 |publisher=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Ya taimaka wa abokin wasansa na gefe [[Nico Williams]] don cin kwallo ta farko da Spain ta ci a wasan ƙarshe, daga baya ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙarancin shekaru da ya shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasa da suka zura kwallaye a babban wasan ƙarshe na gasar, sannan ya zama ɗan wasa na biyu da ya fi taimakawa a ci kwallo a gasar Euro ɗaya da taimakawa a ci huɗu. <ref name="Euro24 stats">{{Cite web |date=14 July 2024 |title=Spain 2-1 England: Late Oyarzabal winner earns La Roja record fourth Euro crown |url=https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/news/028f-1b5e5c2b7b67-d5faab9be20b-1000--spain-2-1-england-late-oyarzabal-winner-earns-la-roja-reco/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715014101/https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/news/028f-1b5e5c2b7b67-d5faab9be20b-1000--spain-2-1-england-late-oyarzabal-winner-earns-la-roja-reco/ |archive-date=15 July 2024 |access-date=16 July 2024 |website=UEFA}}</ref> A gasar UEFA Nations League ta 2024–25, Yamal ya zura kwallaye biyu - ciki har da bugun fenariti na farko da ya ci a aikinsa na ƙwararru - a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe da Faransa da ci 5-4. <ref>{{Cite web |last=read |first=The Canadian Press·2 min |date=2025-06-05 |title=Yamal outshines Ballon d'Or contenders as Spain beats France 5-4 in Nations League semifinal |url=https://ca.sports.yahoo.com/news/yamal-outshines-ballon-d-contenders-211000553.html |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=Yahoo Sports |language=en-US}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Portugal ta sha kashi a hannun Spain a wasan ƙarshe da ci 5-3 a bugun fenariti bayan an tashi 2-2. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ogden |first=Mark |date=8 June 2025 |title=Portugal's Nations League win overshadows Ronaldo vs. Yamal |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/45475292/portugal-spain-uefa-nations-league-cristiano-ronaldo-lamine-yamal-2026-world-cup |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260715130327/https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/45475292/portugal-spain-uefa-nations-league-cristiano-ronaldo-lamine-yamal-2026-world-cup |archive-date=15 July 2026 |access-date=15 July 2026 |publisher=www.espn.co.uk}}</ref> ==== Zakaran Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2026 ==== [[Fayil:Lamine_Yamal_France_v_Spain_7.24.26-187.jpg|thumb| Yamal tare da Spain suna fafatawa da Faransa a lokacin wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2026]] A ranar 25 ga Mayu 2026, an sanya Yamal cikin jerin 'yan wasa 26 da za su fafata a [[2026 FIFA World Cup|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2026.]] Ya isa Amurka ne yayin da yake murmurewa daga raunin da ya samu a cinyarsa ta biceps femoris a lokacin kakar wasa ta Barcelona. Kocin Spain Luis de la Fuente ya yanke shawarar cewa Yamal bai shirya fara wasan farko da Cape Verde ba, maimakon haka ya sanya shi a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a rabin na biyu na wasan da aka tashi kunnen doki 0-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2026 |title=¿Por qué Lamine Yamal no jugó de titular contra Cabo Verde? |url=https://www.fifa.com/es/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/lamine-yamal-no-juega-contra-cabo-verde-cuando-debutar-copa-mundial-fifa-2026 |website=[[fifa.com]] |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga watan Yuni, Yamal ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar cin kofin duniya yayin da Spain ta doke Saudi Arabia da ci 4-0 a matakin rukuni, inda ya zama dan wasa na biyu mai shekaru 18 ko kasa da haka da ya zura kwallon farko a wasan cin kofin duniya tun bayan [[Pele|Pelé]] a shekarar 1958. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2026 |title=Lamine Yamal equals Pelé's 68-year-old World Cup record |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/insight/lamine-yamal-equals-pel%C3%A9-s-68-year-old-world-cup-record/gm-GM129637C1 |access-date=21 June 2026 |publisher=MSN}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dawson |first=Rob |date=21 June 2026 |title=Yamal nets 'dream' 1st World Cup goal as Spain answer critics |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49135958/spain-saudi-arabia-2026-world-cup-lamine-yamal-mikel-oyarzabal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260713094316/https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49135958/spain-saudi-arabia-2026-world-cup-lamine-yamal-mikel-oyarzabal |archive-date=13 July 2026 |access-date=22 June 2026 |publisher=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> An zaɓe shi a matsayin gwarzon ɗan wasa a wasan da Spain ta doke Austria da ci 3-0 a zagaye na 32. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 July 2026 |title=Dominant Spain advance past Austria |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/spain-austria-match-report-highlights |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260705195010/https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/spain-austria-match-report-highlights |archive-date=5 July 2026 |access-date=3 July 2026 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2026 |title=FIFA World Cup 2026 stats: Ronaldo's first ever and all-time record 25; Yamal's perfect 100 |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49252849/fifa-world-cup-2026-stats-cristiano-ronaldo-first-ever-all-record-25-lamine-yamal-perfect-100 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260705014115/https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49252849/fifa-world-cup-2026-stats-cristiano-ronaldo-first-ever-all-record-25-lamine-yamal-perfect-100 |archive-date=5 July 2026 |access-date=3 July 2026 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> Daga baya Spain ta doke Argentina a wasan karshe da ci 1-0, inda Yamal ta zama 'yar wasa mafi karancin shekaru da ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya da kuma gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA tana da shekaru 19 da kwana shida. {{Efn|Attributed to multiple references:<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-07-19 |title=Lamine Yamal 'completes football' at 19 as Argentina betray Messi |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c0m7zx38v43 |access-date=2026-07-19 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="RobSmyth">{{Cite news |last=Smyth |first=Rob |date=2026-07-19 |title=Spain beat Argentina 1-0 after extra time to win the 2026 World Cup – live |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/live/2026/jul/19/spain-v-argentina-world-cup-2026-final-live-updates |access-date=2026-07-19 |work=the Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Becherano |first1=Lizzy |title=Messi on viral Yamal baby photo: 'Incredible' we're playing in World Cup final |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49387821/lionel-messi-viral-lamine-yamal-baby-photo-incredible-playing-world-cup-final |publisher=ESPN |access-date=July 17, 2026 |archive-date=20 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260720034446/https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49387821/lionel-messi-viral-lamine-yamal-baby-photo-incredible-playing-world-cup-final |url-status=live }}</ref>}} Ya kuma zama ɗan wasa na uku mafi ƙarami da ya bayyana ko ya lashe gasar cin kofin duniya bayan Pelé da Giuseppe Bergomi . Ya kammala mafi yawan bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida a lokacin gasar, inda ya zura kwallaye 35. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2026 |title=The Spanish champions in stats |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/spain-champions-stats-statistics |access-date=27 July 2026 |publisher=www.fifa.com}}</ref> == Bayanin ɗan wasa == Yamal, wanda yake da ƙafar hagu, an san shi da iyawarsa ta yin ƙwallo, yin ƙwallo a kan ƙafa, da kuma ƙirƙirar damarmaki, yana iya buga wasa ko dai a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na tsakiya, ko [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya na kai hari]] ko kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]], musamman a gefen dama. <ref name="Corbella" /> A matsayinsa na [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefen dama]], ya fi son amfani da ƙafarsa ta hagu a mafi yawan lokutan wasan; yana kuma da ikon buga ƙwallon da ta wuce ƙafar da ke kaiwa ga sandar nesa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lamine Yamal position and style of play |url=https://www.coachesvoice.com/cv/barcelona-extraordinary-talent-lamine-yamal-style-of-play/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725002747/https://www.coachesvoice.com/cv/barcelona-extraordinary-talent-lamine-yamal-style-of-play/ |archive-date=25 July 2024 |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=The Coaches' Voice}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pearson |first=Matt |date=15 June 2024 |title=Spain's Lamine Yamal becomes youngest ever Euros player – DW – 06/15/2024 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/spains-lamine-yamal-becomes-youngest-euros-player/a-69374470 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724080633/https://www.dw.com/en/spains-lamine-yamal-becomes-youngest-euros-player/a-69374470 |archive-date=24 July 2024 |access-date=22 June 2024 |website=dw.com}}</ref> Ikonsa na yin crosses daidai da wajen ƙafarsa (wanda aka sani da ''trivela'' ) ya zama ɗaya daga cikin alamun kasuwancinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peyret |first=Dídac |date=4 December 2024 |title=La 'trivela' de Lamine asombra al mundo y ya es marca registrada |url=https://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/trivela-lamine-asombra-mundo-marca-112311163 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207091451/https://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/trivela-lamine-asombra-mundo-marca-112311163 |archive-date=7 December 2024 |access-date=6 April 2025 |website=sport.es |language=es}}</ref> Yamal ya taka rawar gani a gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA Euro 2024, inda ya zura kwallo a raga a wasan kusa da na karshe da Faransa, sannan ya taimaka wa Croatia, Georgia, Jamus, da Ingila kwallaye hudu. <ref name="Euro24 stats"/> A wannan gasa, Yamal ya nuna ƙwarewarsa wajen ƙirƙirar damarmaki ta hanyar sanya crosses zuwa ga sandar nesa, da kuma iyawarsa ta ɗaukar ƙwallo da kuma lanƙwasa daga nesa. <ref name="Euro24 YoungPlayer"/> Da fasaharsa, an kwatanta Yamal da tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Barcelona [[Messi|Lionel Messi]], kamar sauran kayayyakin [[La Masia]] da suka gabace shi. <ref name="Corbella" /> Yamal ya kuma yi kwatantawa da tsohon ɗan wasan Barcelona [[Neymar]] saboda salon wasansu iri ɗaya wanda ya ƙunshi yawan bugun ƙwallo, ƙwarewa da kuma ƙirƙirar damarmaki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=How Lamine Yamal Compares to Lionel Messi, Neymar After 100 Barcelona Games? |url=https://www.si.com/soccer/how-lamine-yamal-compares-to-lionel-messi-neymar-100-barcelona-games |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250723224711/https://www.si.com/soccer/how-lamine-yamal-compares-to-lionel-messi-neymar-100-barcelona-games |archive-date=23 July 2025 |access-date=11 October 2025}}</ref> Yamal ya kuma bayyana cewa Neymar babban tasiri ne ga yadda yake taka leda. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dabbs |first=Ryan |date=21 September 2023 |title=Who is Lamine Yamal? Everything you need to know about the Barcelona wonderkid |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/who-is-lamine-yamal-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-barcelona-wonderkid-barca-uncover-the-next-lionel-messi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715162632/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/who-is-lamine-yamal-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-barcelona-wonderkid-barca-uncover-the-next-lionel-messi |archive-date=15 July 2024 |access-date=21 June 2024 |publisher=fourfourtwo.com}}</ref> Majiyoyin kafofin watsa labarai sun bayyana shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, kuma mafi kyawun ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a duniya; <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-19 |title=Lamine Yamal: The greatest teenage footballer the world has ever seen {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en/lists/lamine-yamal-greatest-teenage-footballer-world-ever-seen/bltd659e03a46dcf8ed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250330200315/https://www.goal.com/en/lists/lamine-yamal-greatest-teenage-footballer-world-ever-seen/bltd659e03a46dcf8ed |archive-date=30 March 2025 |access-date=2025-05-03 |website=www.goal.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-03 |title=Who are the 39 best men's U21 players in the world? |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/insider/story/_/id/44135155/yamal-wirtz-bellingham-lead-espn-39-best-male-players-age-21-under |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406195929/https://www.espn.com/soccer/insider/story/_/id/44135155/yamal-wirtz-bellingham-lead-espn-39-best-male-players-age-21-under |archive-date=6 April 2025 |access-date=2025-05-03 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-29 |title=Lamine Yamal, the best young player in the world |url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/mediterranean/20241029/10060829/lamine-yamal-best-young-player-world-kopa-ballon-or-chatelet-paris-barcelona-spain-soccer-player.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106123533/https://www.lavanguardia.com/mediterranean/20241029/10060829/lamine-yamal-best-young-player-world-kopa-ballon-or-chatelet-paris-barcelona-spain-soccer-player.html |archive-date=6 November 2024 |access-date=2025-05-03 |website=[[La Vanguardia]] |language=en}}</ref> Kafafen watsa labarai da yawa sun yaba masa a matsayin mafi kyawun ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na matasa da aka taɓa yi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-09 |title=Why Lamine Yamal is already better than Messi in some ways, but still has room to improve |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/45057444/why-lamine-yamal-already-better-messi-some-ways |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515142356/https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/45057444/why-lamine-yamal-already-better-messi-some-ways |archive-date=15 May 2025 |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-19 |title=Lamine Yamal: The greatest teenage footballer the world has ever seen {{!}} Goal.com UK |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/lists/lamine-yamal-greatest-teenage-footballer-world-ever-seen/bltd659e03a46dcf8ed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250519213303/https://www.goal.com/en-gb/lists/lamine-yamal-greatest-teenage-footballer-world-ever-seen/bltd659e03a46dcf8ed |archive-date=19 May 2025 |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=www.goal.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Yamal [[Musulmi]] ne kuma yana azumin Ramadan, [[Azumi A Lokacin Ramadan|yana azumi tun daga fitowar alfijir har zuwa faɗuwar rana]], har ma da lokacin atisaye da kuma ranakun wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=read |first=Emmanuel Mendez·2 min |date=2026-04-01 |title=Lamine Yamal's Ethnicity, Religion & Nationality |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/articles/lamine-yamals-ethnicity-religion-nationality-144419672.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260715095720/https://sports.yahoo.com/articles/lamine-yamals-ethnicity-religion-nationality-144419672.html |archive-date=15 July 2026 |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=Yahoo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-19 |title=The Diet Lamine Yamal Will Follow During Ramadan |url=https://www.beinsports.com/en-us/soccer/la-liga/articles/the-diet-lamine-yamal-will-follow-during-ramadan-2026-02-19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260714185459/https://www.beinsports.com/en-us/soccer/la-liga/articles/the-diet-lamine-yamal-will-follow-during-ramadan-2026-02-19 |archive-date=14 July 2026 |access-date=2026-07-13 |website=beIN SPORTS |language=en-us}}</ref> Yana iya yaren Catalan, Sifaniyanci, da Turanci sosai. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-06-08 |title=La respuesta de Lamine Yamal cuando le preguntan qué idioma habla en el vestuario: "Somos la selección..." |url=https://www.elnacional.cat/enblau/es/television/respuesta-lamine-yamal-cuando-preguntan-idioma-habla-en-vestuario-seleccion-espanola_1651958_102.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260715103332/https://www.elnacional.cat/enblau/es/television/respuesta-lamine-yamal-cuando-preguntan-idioma-habla-en-vestuario-seleccion-espanola_1651958_102.html |archive-date=15 July 2026 |access-date=2026-07-15 |website=En Blau |language=es}}</ref> Yamal ta yi dangantaka ta ɗan lokaci da [[Nicki nicole|Nicki Nicole]], mawaƙiyar Argentina, duk da cewa sun rabu a watan Oktoban 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025 |title=Who Is Lamine Yamal's Girlfriend? All About Grammy-Nominated Singer Nicki Nicole |url=https://people.com/who-is-nicki-nicole-lamine-yamal-11797013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250915205343/https://people.com/who-is-nicki-nicole-lamine-yamal-11797013 |archive-date=15 September 2025 |access-date=20 September 2025 |website=People}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 November 2025 |title=Barcelona's Lamine Yamal announces Nicki Nicole breakup – Get Spanish Football News |url=https://getfootballnewsspain.com/barcelonas-lamine-yamal-announces-nicki-nicole-breakup/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212065802/https://getfootballnewsspain.com/barcelonas-lamine-yamal-announces-nicki-nicole-breakup/ |archive-date=12 December 2025 |access-date=1 November 2025 |website=getfootballnewsspain.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Bayan [[2026 FIFA World Cup|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2026]], an ruwaito cewa yana da dangantaka da Inés García. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-07-21 |title=How Lamine Yamal and his girlfriend Inés García celebrated Spain’s World Cup victory |url=https://www.hola.com/us/celebrities/20260721907999/how-lamine-yamal-his-girlfriend-ines-garcia-celebrated-spains-world-cup-victory/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260722040005/https://www.hola.com/us/celebrities/20260721907999/how-lamine-yamal-his-girlfriend-ines-garcia-celebrated-spains-world-cup-victory/ |archive-date=22 July 2026 |access-date=2026-07-22 |website=HOLA! USA |language=en-us}}</ref> === Iyali === An haifi Yamal ga Sheila Ebana, mai hidimar abinci daga Bata, Equatorial Guinea, da kuma Mounir Nasraoui, mai zane-zanen gini daga [[Larache]], Morocco. <ref name="espn" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Billebault |first=Alexis |date=10 April 2024 |title=Lamine Yamal, le surdoué du foot que tout le Maroc attend - Jeune Afrique.com |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1555586/societe/lamine-yamal-le-surdoue-du-foot-que-tout-le-maroc-attend/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604110717/https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1555586/societe/lamine-yamal-le-surdoue-du-foot-que-tout-le-maroc-attend/ |archive-date=4 June 2024 |access-date=10 July 2024 |website=[[Jeune Afrique]] |language=fr}}</ref> Iyayensa sun rabu lokacin da yake ɗan shekara uku, duk da cewa dukansu sun kasance tare har zuwa lokacin ƙuruciyarsa. <ref name="ausarticle">{{Cite web |last=Ducker |first=James |date=10 July 2024 |title=Meeting Messi as a baby, stunners for his country at 16. Welcome to the world of Lamine Yamal |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/euro-2024-semi-finals-spain-france-england-netherlands-20240710-p5jsdy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709213633/https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/euro-2024-semi-finals-spain-france-england-netherlands-20240710-p5jsdy.html |archive-date=9 July 2024 |access-date=10 July 2024 |website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]}}</ref> Iyalin sun zauna a Mataró, amma a lokacin da iyayensa suka rabu, mahaifiyar Yamal ta ƙaura zuwa Granollers. Ya yi ta juyawa tsakanin biranen biyu don yin lokaci tare da iyayensa. <ref name="ausarticle" /> Yana da ƙanensa da ƙanensa da ƙanwarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mishra |first=Abhishek |date=2024-07-14 |title=Who Is Lamine Yamal's Mother? Meet Sheila Ebana, the Woman Behind the Spain Star's Viral Pic With Lionel Messi |url=https://www.essentiallysports.com/soccer-football-news-who-is-lamine-yamal-mother-meet-sheila-ebana-the-woman-behind-the-spain-star-viral-pic-with-lionel-messi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250614171414/https://www.essentiallysports.com/soccer-football-news-who-is-lamine-yamal-mother-meet-sheila-ebana-the-woman-behind-the-spain-star-viral-pic-with-lionel-messi/ |archive-date=14 June 2025 |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=EssentiallySports |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shigjeqi |first=Egzona |date=2024-10-29 |title=Lamine Yamal's younger brother stole all the attention at the Ballon d'Or ceremony - Telegraph |url=https://telegrafi.com/en/Lamine-Yamal%27s-younger-brother-stole-all-the-attention-at-the-Ballon-d%27Or-ceremony/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250512010831/https://telegrafi.com/en/Lamine-Yamal%27s-younger-brother-stole-all-the-attention-at-the-Ballon-d%27Or-ceremony/ |archive-date=12 May 2025 |access-date=2025-05-06 |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Agusta 2024, an daba wa mahaifin Yamal wuka a wurin ajiye motoci a Mataró; <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2024 |title=El padre de Lamine Yamal apuñalado en un parking de Mataró |url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/sucesos/20240814/9871540/padre-lamine-yamal-apunalado-parking-mataro.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817050950/https://www.lavanguardia.com/sucesos/20240814/9871540/padre-lamine-yamal-apunalado-parking-mataro.html |archive-date=17 August 2024 |access-date=14 August 2024 |publisher=[[La Vanguardia]]}}</ref> raunin da ya samu ba su da yawa, kuma an sallame shi daga asibiti bayan kwana uku. 'Yan sanda sun kama mutane hudu da ke da hannu a harin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-15 |title=Lamine Yamal's father stabbed, four people arrested for alleged attempted murder |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5701622/2024/08/15/lamine-yamal-father-attack/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240824091015/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5701622/2024/08/15/lamine-yamal-father-attack/ |archive-date=24 August 2024 |access-date=15 August 2024 |website=[[The Athletic]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-16 |title=Barcelona star Lamine Yamal's father discharged from hospital after brutal stabbing attack {{!}} Goal.com US |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/lists/barcelona-star-lamine-yamal-s-father-discharged-from-hospital-after-brutal-stabbing-attack/blt1b65e541a13bda15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816183951/https://www.goal.com/en-us/lists/barcelona-star-lamine-yamal-s-father-discharged-from-hospital-after-brutal-stabbing-attack/blt1b65e541a13bda15 |archive-date=16 August 2024 |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=[[Goal (website)|www.goal.com]] |language=en-US}}</ref> === Ƙungiyoyin fafutuka === Yamal ya yi Allah wadai da wakokin nuna kyama ga Musulmai da kuma [[Kyamar Baki|kyamar baki]] da magoya bayan Spain suka yi wa 'yan wasan Masar a lokacin wasan sada zumunta da Spain ta buga da Masar a Barcelona a ranar 31 ga Maris 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Keeley |first=Graham |title=Yamal slams anti-Muslim fan chants as Spain’s World Cup final hopes tainted |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/2026/4/2/yamal-slams-anti-muslim-fan-chants-as-spains-world-cup-final-hopes-tainted |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260712101459/https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/2026/4/2/yamal-slams-anti-muslim-fan-chants-as-spains-world-cup-final-hopes-tainted |archive-date=12 July 2026 |access-date=2026-06-09 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> A cikin wata sanarwa, ya ce wakokin "sun yi ne ga ƙungiyar abokan hamayya kuma ba wani abu ne na sirri a kaina ba, amma a matsayina na Musulmi, har yanzu rashin girmamawa ne da kuma wani abu da ba za a iya jurewa ba." <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Police investigate Islamophobic chants during Spain’s match with Egypt |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/2026/4/1/spains-fa-condemns-islamophobic-chants-during-game-with-egypt |access-date=2026-06-09 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> A lokacin faretin lashe gasar La Liga ta Barcelona a ranar 11 ga Mayu 2026, Yamal ya nuna goyon baya ga [[Falasdinawa]] ta hanyar daga tutar Falasdinu . Masoya, masu fafutukar kare Falasdinawa, da 'yan siyasa kamar Firayim Ministan Spain [[Pedro Sánchez]] sun yaba da wannan mataki, yayin da kuma ministan tsaron Isra'ila Israel Katz ya soki lamarin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Israel Minister Criticises Lamine Yamal Over Palestinian Flag at Barcelona Title Parade |url=https://dailypioneer.com/news/slug-lite/israeli-minister-criticizes-yamal-for-waving-palestinian-flag?year=2026 |access-date=2026-05-17 |website=[[dailypioneer.com]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-15 |title=FC Barcelona says 'no comment' on Israel's accusation against Yamal |url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/05/15/fc-barcelona-tells-euronews-no-comment-after-israel-accuses-yamal-of-fuelling-hatred |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260517124056/https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/05/15/fc-barcelona-tells-euronews-no-comment-after-israel-accuses-yamal-of-fuelling-hatred |archive-date=17 May 2026 |access-date=2026-05-17 |website=[[Euronews]] |language=en}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2026, an nada Yamal a matsayin Jakadan UNICEF na Agaji, wanda ya mayar da hankali kan 'yancin yara na yin wasa da kuma tallafawa yara da ke rayuwa a cikin gaggawa ta jin kai, kamar rikice-rikice ko bala'o'i na halitta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-06-11 |title=UNICEF names Lamine Yamal as a Goodwill Ambassador |url=https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/unicef-names-lamine-yamal-goodwill-ambassador |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260611172311/https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/unicef-names-lamine-yamal-goodwill-ambassador |archive-date=11 June 2026 |access-date=2026-06-12 |website=UNICEF |language=en}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Copa del Rey ! colspan="2" |[[UEFA|Europe]] ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- |Barcelona B |2022–23 |Primera Federación |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[2023 Primera Federación play-offs|Primeira Federación play-offs]]}} |0 |3 |0 |- | rowspan="5" |[[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] |2022–23 |[[La Liga]] |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |- |2023–24 |La Liga |37 |5 |1 |1 |10{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}} |0 |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[Supercopa de España]]}} |1 |50 |7 |- |2024–25 |La Liga |35 |9 |5 |2 |13[b] |5 |2[c] |2 |55 |18 |- |2025–26 |La Liga |28 |16 |5 |2 |10[b] |6 |2[c] |0 |45 |24 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !101 !30 !11 !5 !33 !11 !6 !3 !151 !49 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !102 !30 !11 !5 !33 !11 !8 !3 !154 !49 |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanar da kwallayen da ƙungiyar ƙasa ta samu da kuma shekarar da ta gabata ! Tawagar ƙasa ! Shekara ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | rowspan="4" | Sipaniya | 2023 | 4 | 2 |- | 2024 | 13 | 1 |- | 2025 | 6 | 3 |- | 2026 | 10 | 1 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 33 ! 7 |} {{Updated|match played 21 June 2026.}} :''Spain score listed first, score column indicates score after each Yamal goal.''<ref name="EUFoot"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+List of international goals scored by Lamine Yamal ! scope="col" |No. ! scope="col" |Date ! scope="col" |Venue ! scope="col" |Cap ! scope="col" |Opponent ! scope="col" |Score ! scope="col" |Result ! scope="col" |Competition |- | align="center" |1 |8 September 2023 |Boris Paichadze Dinamo Arena, Tbilisi, Georgia | align="center" |1 |{{Fb|GEO}} | align="center" |7–1 | align="center" |7–1 |UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying |- | align="center" |2 |16 November 2023 |Alphamega Stadium, Limassol, Cyprus | align="center" |3 |{{Fb|CYP}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |3–1 |UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying |- | align="center" |3 |9 July 2024 |Allianz Arena, [[München|Munich]], Germany | align="center" |13 |{{Fb|FRA}} | align="center" |1–1 | align="center" |2–1 |UEFA Euro 2024 |- | align="center" |4 |23 March 2025 |Mestalla, [[Valencia]], Spain | align="center" |19 |{{Fb|NED}} | align="center" |3–2 | align="center" |3–3 (a.e.t.)<br /><br />(5–4 p) |2024–25 UEFA Nations League A |- | align="center" |5 | rowspan="2" |5 June 2025 | rowspan="2" |MHPArena, [[Stuttgart]], Germany | rowspan="2" align="center" |20 | rowspan="2" |{{Fb|FRA}} | align="center" |3–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |5–4 | rowspan="2" |2025 UEFA Nations League Finals |- | align="center" |6 | align="center" |5–1 |- | align="center" |7 |21 June 2026 |Mercedes-Benz Stadium, [[Atlanta]], United States | align="center" |27 |{{Fb|KSA}} | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |4–0 |[[2026 FIFA World Cup]] |} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ==Manazarta <references /> 1l6ui90slvveanav2ws7qzaq5bdaiqr 0 43752 974997 910205 2026-11-01T19:53:28Z Zahrah0 14848 974997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Wilfried_Bony_(2013).JPG|200px|right|thumbnail|Wilfried Bony, (2013)]] '''Wilfried Guemiand Bony''' (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Disambar shekara ta alif 1988), ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na Ivory Coast wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba ga ƙungiyar Bolivian Primera División Club Always Ready . Bayan ya fara aikinsa a Issia Wazi, Bony ya koma Sparta Prague a shekarar 2007, yana taimaka musu zuwa gasar cin kofin Czech First League a 2009-2010 . A cikin watan Janairun 2011, kulob ɗin Dutch Vitesse ya sanya hannu, inda ya kasance babban ɗan wasa a Eredivisie a 2012-2013, wanda ya kai £ 12.&nbsp;miliyan canja wuri zuwa [[Premier League]] kulob din Swansea City. Bony ya zira kwallaye 35 a wasanni 70 da ya buga wa ''Swans'' kuma a watan Janairun shekara ta 2015, ya koma [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] a kan fan 28.&nbsp;miliyan yarjejeniyar. Koyaya, Bony yayi gwagwarmaya don lokacin wasa a Manchester City, kuma bayan zuwan [[Pep Guardiola]] a tsakiyar shekarar 2016, ya koma Stoke City a kan aro don kakar 2016-17 . Bony ya koma Swansea a ranar 31 ga Agustan 2017. Bayan aronsa da Al-Arabi, Swansea ta sake shi a watan Mayun 2019 don barin ranar 30 ga Yuni.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48316411 |title=Wilfried Bony: Ivory Coast striker leaves Swansea alongside several senior players |publisher=BBC Sport |date=18 May 2019 |access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2020 ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara daya da rabi da Al-Ittihad, amma a yarjejeniyar juna da ƙungiyar ya bar kungiyar bayan buga wasanni goma a cikin watanni goma da ƙungiyar. Na ƙasa da ƙasa, Bony ya fara buga wa [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Ivory Coast|Ivory Coast]] wasa a shekarar 2010, kuma an zaɓe shi a cikin 'yan wasan da za su taka leda a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta shekarar 2014 da kuma gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka guda uku, wanda ya taimaka musu wajen samun nasara a shekarar 2015 . == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Wilfried Bony a Bingerville kuma ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami, daga baya ya taka leda a makarantar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Maracanã Bingerville.<ref>{{cite web|title="Power Striker" Bony Pulls up Dutch Trees and Attracts Chelsea and Liverpool|url=http://www.insidefutbol.com/2012/12/02/inside-potential-power-striker-wilfried-bony-pulls-up-dutch-trees-and-attracts-chelsea-and-liverpool/74055/|website=Inside Futbol|date=2 December 2012|access-date=2 April 2018}}</ref>Ya kuma shiga cikin manyan makarantu da kofuna na birni, kafin ya shafe shekaru uku a Kwalejin Cyril Domoraud a Bingerville.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090205222133/http://bonywilfried.com/index.php?var=INF&Opt=23&lg=EN bonywilfried.com], by Archive.org</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Wilfried Bony: Ivory Coast's history-making striker|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-30820196|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=14 July 2015|access-date=2 April 2018}}</ref> Bony ya yi gwaji na makonni biyu a kulob din Premier League na Liverpool a 2007 amma ba a ba shi kwangila ba. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2007, Bony ya koma kulob din Czech Sparta Prague a kan yarjejeniyar aro inda nan da nan ya fara buga wa tawagar B.[1] Ya lashe gasar zakarun kwallon kafa ta Bohemian tare da Sparta Prague . [2][3] Bony ya shiga kulob din na dindindin kuma ya shiga cikin tawagar farko a kakar 2008-09, inda ya zira kwallaye 3 a wasanni 16. A shekara ta 2009-10, ya zira kwallaye sau tara yayin da Sparta ta lashe gasar Czech First League.[2] Bayan ya zira kwallaye 17 a farkon rabin kakar 2010-11, ciki har da kwallaye biyar a wasanni shida a UEFA Europa League, kungiyar Eredivisie ta Dutch Vitesse ta sanya hannu kan Bony a watan Janairun 2011 don kudin canja wurin £ 3.4 miliyan.[4][5][6]  Bony ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku da rabi tare da Vitesse [1] kuma ya zira kwallaye a karon farko a wasan derby 2-0 a kan De Graafschap a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 2011. [2] A kakar wasa ta farko tare da Vitesse, Bony ya zira kwallaye 12 a Eredivisie, inda ya sami lambar yabo ta kulob din kuma an ɗaure shi a matsayin mai zira kwallayen goma a gasar.[3] A watan Fabrairun 2012, ya sanya hannu kan karin kwangila wanda zai ci gaba da kasancewa a kulob din har zuwa 2015, kuma ya kawo karshen hasashen canja wurin.[4] Bony ya fara fitowa a yakin neman zabe na Eredivisie na 2012-13 ga Vitesse a ranar 12 ga watan Agusta 2012 a wasan 2-2 tare da ADO Den Haag a GelreDome, yana daidaitawa ga masu masaukin baki kasa da minti daya bayan Tjaronn Chery ya sanya ADO a gaba.[1] Bony ya zira kwallaye a minti na 90 a kan Feyenoord a ranar 2 ga Satumba don samun kulob din nasararsa ta uku daga wasanninta na farko hudu.[2] A ranar 6 ga Oktoba, ya zira kwallaye yayin da Vitesse ya dawo daga burin sau uku don zana 3-3 tare da Heerenveen.[3] A lokacin da Vitesse ta yi 2-0 a Ajax a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, Bony ya zira kwallaye biyu, ya taimaka wa Vitesse zuwa nasara shida a jere da kuma nasarar farko ta kulob din a Amsterdam Arena tun shekara ta 2001. [1] Ya kara da karin kwallaye biyu a cikin asusun sa a nasarar da Vitesse ta yi wa NEC 4-1 a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, inda Vitesse ta samu nasarar da ta samu a gida na biyu a kakar yayin da NEC ta kori 'yan wasa uku.[2] A ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, Vitesse ya yi tafiya zuwa Eindhoven don fuskantar shugabannin league na PSV; Bony ya zira kwallaye don sanya Vitesse a maki 31, matakin tare da Twente na biyu.[3] A ranar 9 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2013, Bony ya dawo daga shiga gasar cin Kofin Kasashen Afirka na 2013 don fuskantar PSV kuma ya sake zira kwallaye sau biyu, inda ya samu 2-2.[1] A ranar 23 ga watan Fabrairu, Bony ya zira kwallaye don aika Vitesse zuwa nasara 5-3 a kan Heracles Almelo.[2] A ranar 15 ga Afrilu, ya zira kwallaye a karo na tara a jere a wasan 3-3 tare da Roda JC . [3] Bony ya ƙare kakar a matsayin Babban mai zira kwallaye na Eredivisie tare da kwallaye 31 a wasanni 30 kuma an ba shi kyautar Golden Shoe ga mafi kyawun ɗan wasa a Netherlands.[4] A ranar 11 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2013, Bony ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru hudu tare da kungiyar Welsh Swansea City, wanda ya biya kudin canja wurin rikodin Welsh na fam miliyan 12.[1]  An jinkirta izinin aiki na Bony na ɗan lokaci, amma an ba shi kwanaki uku bayan haka.[2][3] Ya fara buga wasan farko a Swansea a gasar UEFA Europa League ta uku da Malmö FF, inda ya zira kwallaye biyu a rabi na biyu a nasarar 4-0 a ranar 1 ga watan Agusta.[4] BBC ta lissafa Bony a matsayin daya daga cikin sa hannu na Premier League don kallon Gasar Firimiya ta 2013-14. [1] A wasan farko na kakar 2013-14 a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta, Bony ya zira kwallaye na farko ga kulob din a cikin asarar 1-4 a kan Manchester United.[2] Ba da daɗewa ba, Bony ya zira kwallaye na farko ga Swansea a gasar UEFA, a matakin farko na zagaye na cancantar Europa League da kungiyar Romania Petrolul Ploiești a cikin nasara 5-1.[3] Daga nan sai ya zira kwallaye a wasan Swansea na 3-3 tare da Stoke City a watan Nuwamba.[4] A zagaye na uku na Kofin FA, Bony ya zira kwallaye a minti na 90 a kan Manchester United don tura Swansea zuwa zagaye na gaba a cikin abin da ya kasance nasarar farko ta Swansea a Old Trafford. [5][6] Bayan ya zira kwallaye a nasarar 3-1 a Sunderland a ranar karshe ta kakar Premier League, ya gama 2013-14 bayan ya zira kwallan 25.[7] A ranar 20 ga Satumba 2014, an kori Bony a rabi na farko na 1-0 a gida ga Southampton . [1] Ya zira kwallaye na farko na kakar a ranar 4 ga Oktoba a wasan 2-2 da Newcastle United.[2] A ranar 25 ga Oktoba, Bony ya zira kwallaye biyu yayin da Swansea ta doke Leicester City 2-0, wanda ya kai shi ga jimlar kwallaye 20 na Premier League ga Swansea, wanda ya jawo shi tare da tsohon abokin wasan Michu a matsayin mai zira kwallayen Premier League na kulob din. [3][4] Tare da kwallaye 20, Bony shine babban mai zira kwallaye a Premier League a shekarar shekara ta 2014. [5] A ranar 14 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2015, Bony ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru hudu da rabi tare da 'yar kungiyar Premier League ta Manchester City . Kungiyoyin biyu sun amince da kudin canja wurin farko na £ 25 miliyan, wanda zai iya tashi zuwa £ 28 miliyan, wanda hakan zai sa ya zama dan wasan kwallon kafa na Afirka mafi tsada a wannan lokacin.[1][2]   An haɗa Bony a cikin sabuwar tawagar kulob dinsa don matakan knockout na UEFA Champions League, a kan kudin Stevan Jovetić . [3] Bayan ya lashe gasar cin Kofin Kasashen Afirka na 2015, Bony ya fara bugawa Manchester City a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu, inda ya maye gurbin Sergio Agüero a minti 30 na karshe na nasarar 5-0 a kan Newcastle United a filin wasa na City of Manchester . [1] A ranar 21 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2015, Bony ya zira kwallaye na farko a gasar tare da City a nasarar da ya samu a gida 3-0 a kan West Bromwich Albion, inda ya zira kwallan farko na uku.[2] Ya zira kwallaye na biyu ga kulob din a matsayin mai maye gurbinsa a cikin nasara 4-2 a tsohon kulob dinsa Swansea a ranar 17 ga Mayu.[3] A tsakiyar shekara ta 2015, Bony ya kamu da zazzabin cizon sauro, wanda ya hana shirye-shiryensa na kafin kakar wasa.[1] An zaɓi Bony don farawa a wasan farko na Manchester City na kakar Premier League ta 2015-16, zuwa West Brom. Ya kasance a filin wasa na minti 63 kafin a maye gurbin Sergio Agüero yayin da tawagar ta ci 3-0 a Hawthorns.[2] A ranar 17 ga Oktoba 2015, Bony ya zira kwallaye biyu na farko na kakar yayin da Manchester City ta doke AFC Bournemouth 5-1 a filin wasa na City of Manchester . [3] Ya biyo bayan wannan tare da burinsa na farko na gasar zakarun Turai a cikin nasarar 3-1 a kan Sevilla a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba 2015. [4] A ranar 8 ga watan Disamba, Bony ya bayyana a matsayin mai maye gurbin Fabian Delph a minti na 65 a wasan karshe na City na matakin rukuni na Gasar Zakarun Turai, da Borussia Mönchengladbach . Ya taimaka wajen sauya raunin 2-1 zuwa nasara 4-2, ya taimaka wa Raheem Sterling kwallaye biyu kafin ya zira kwallaye na huɗu, ya tabbatar da cewa City ta wuce Juventus a cikin rukuni.[1] A Gasar cin kofin kwallon kafa ta 2016 ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin yayin da Manchester City ta doke Liverpool a kan penalties.[2] Bony ya zira kwallaye 8 a wasanni 34 a shekarar 2015-16.[3] Bayan isowar Pep Guardiola a matsayin manajan, an samar da Bony don canja wurin.[4] ==NEC Nijmegen== A ranar 31 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2016, Bony ya sanya hannu a Stoke City kan yarjejeniyar aro na tsawon lokaci.[1] Ya fara bugawa Stoke wasa a ranar 10 ga watan Satumba a kan Tottenham Hotspur.[2] Bayan ya buga wasanni bakwai ba tare da kwallo ba, ya zira kwallaye sau biyu a nasarar 3-1 a kan Swansea a ranar 31 ga Oktoba.[3] A watan Janairun 2017, Bony ya tafi ya buga wa Ivory Coast wasa a gasar cin Kofin Kasashen Afirka na 2017; ya kuma ki amincewa da canja wurin zuwa kulob din kasar Sin.[4] A lokacin da ya dawo Stoke, kocin Mark Hughes ya cire Bony daga tawagar, wanda Bony ya bayyana a matsayin "yanayin hauka[5]". Koyaya, a ranar 31 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2017, Bony ya sake sanya hannu a Swansea City kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu, [1] tare da Swansea ta biya kuɗin canja wurin fam miliyan 12. [2]  Ya ɗauki rigar lamba 2.[3] Bony ya zira kwallaye na farko na Premier League na kakar a kan tsohon kulob dinsa Stoke City a ranar 2 ga Disamba 2017. [4] Bayan mako guda, ya jagoranci Swansea zuwa nasara 1-0 a kan West Bromwich Albion, inda ya zira kwallaye na farko a gida a Filin wasa na Liberty tun lokacin da ya bar kulob din.[5] Bayan haka, duka dan wasan da kulob din sun yi gwagwarmaya don samun kwallo. Wasansa na karshe a cikin rigar Swansea ya kasance a 1-1 draw zuwa Leicester lokacin da ya samu rauni a idon sa.[6] An sake komawa kulob din daga Premier League bayan da aka ci shi 2-1 a kan tsohon kungiyarsa ta Stoke City.[7] Ya koma aro zuwa kungiyar Al-Arabi ta Qatar a watan Janairun 2019. [8] A ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, Bony ya sanar a shafinsa na Instagram cewa shi da kulob din sun cimma yarjejeniya don dakatar da kwangilarsa bayan watanni 10 a kulob din.[1] On 26 January 2022, after being without a club for over a year, Bony returned to the Netherlands to join Eredivisie club NEC Nijmegen on a deal until the end of the season.[1][2] He only made one 15-minute substitute appearance for NEC and was unavailable due to injuries in most of the league games. [ana buƙatar hujja]005 A ranar 11 ga watan Fabrairun 2023, Bony ya sanya hannu a kulob din Bolivian Primera División Club Always Ready, ya zama ɗan Ivory Coast na farko da ya yi wasa a Bolivia.[1]006 A ƙarshen shekara ta 2010, Ivory Coast ta kira Bony kuma ta fara bugawa a cikin nasara 1-0 a kan Burundi, inda ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin Gervinho a minti na 80. [1]007 A ranar 30 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Bony ya zira kwallaye na biyu a nasarar da Ivory Coast ta yi a kan Angola 2-0 a wasan na uku na matakin rukuni na Kofin Kasashen Afirka. [1] An haɗa Bony a cikin tawagar mutum 23 ta Ivory Coast don Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIFA ta 2014. [1] A wasan rukuni na farko, da Japan, ya zira kwallaye tare da kai bayan giciye daga Serge Aurier.[2] Ivory Coast ta lashe 2-1 .[3] A kan Girka a wasan karshe na matakan rukuni, Bony ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin a rabi na biyu don zira kwallaye kafin Ivory Coast ta rasa ta hanyar rauni.[4] A cikin nasarar 3-1 a kan Aljeriya, Bony ya zira kwallaye biyu, daya daga Max Gradel cross kuma na biyu daga Yaya Touré free-kick.[1] A wasan karshe na kisa, ya dauki yunkurin farko na Ivory Coast kuma ya buga crossbar, kodayake tawagarsa ta yi nasara.[2] Sunan mahaifin Bony shine Amedee Shemiz Bony . [1] Wilfried Bony yana magana da harshen Faransanci, Turanci da Czech.[2] Dan Wilfried Geoffroy Bony ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne tare da kulob din EFL League Two Newport County kuma ƙaramin ɗansa Orphee Bony ɗan wasa ne tare da Pontardawe Town AFC . [3] A watan Agustan 2026, Bony ya yi sharhi game da Yan Diomandé ya koma Real Madrid, yana kwatanta kwangilar shekaru bakwai da ɗan Ivory Coast mai shekaru 19 ya sanya hannu a matsayin mafi girman aikin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa kuma yana nuna muhimmancin canja wurin ga ɗan ƙasarsa.[4] == Manazarta == <references responsive="1"></references> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.wilfriedbony.com/}} * Wilfried Bony – Czech First League statistics at Fotbal DNES (in Czech) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140714175236/http://www.sparta.cz/srv/www/cs/football/team/viewMemberDetail.do?memberId=1046 Sparta Prague profile] * [https://www.swanseacity.com/teams/swansea/wilfried-bony Swansea City A.F.C. Profile] * Wilfried Bony at Soccerbase * {{NFT player|40645}} [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Côte d'Ivoire]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1988]] 3ozpsrqxfpjkeczqpowb4w2zi5lxcxg 0 43974 975004 700194 2026-11-01T19:58:55Z Zahrah0 14848 975004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Femi Hamzat at the Lagos Hackathon 2020 03.jpg|thumb|Femi Hamzat]] '''Kadri Obafemi Hamzat''' (An haife shi ranar 19 ga watan Satumban shekara ta alif 1964) ɗan siyasar Najeriya ne wanda ya zama mataimakin gwamnan jihar Legas tun cikin shekara ta 2019.<ref>https://thenationonlineng.net/ampion-microsoft-support-200-smes/</ref> An haife shi acikin [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] a cikin dangin Late Oba Mufutau Olatunji Hamzat da Late Alhaja Kehinde Hamzat daga Iga Egbe dake [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]]. Mahaifinsa, Marigayi Oba Mufutau Olatunji Hamzat ya taɓa zama ɗan [[Lagos State House of Assembly|majalisar dokokin jihar Legas]] kuma kwamishinan sufuri a jihar daga cikin shekara ta 1979 zuwa cikin shekara ta alif 1983 kafin ya zama mataimakin shugaba (South West) na Alliance for Democracy (AD) a lokacin).<ref>https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/09/22/obafemi-hamzat-at-54/</ref> Ya zama shugaban majalisar dattawan Legas ta yamma na jam'iyyar Action Congress kuma ya zama sarki ta hanyar zuriyarsa ta sarautar uwa. == Fage == An haifi Hamzat a ranar 19 ga watan Satumban shekara ta 1964 a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Najeriya,<ref name=":0">https://deputygovernor.lagosstate.gov.ng/</ref> a cikin dangin marigayi Oba Mufutau Olatunji Hamzat da marigayi Alhaja Kehinde Hamzat wanda ya fito daga Iga Egbe, jihar Legas. Mahaifinsa, marigayi Oba Mufutau Olatunji Hamzat ya taɓa zama ɗan [[Lagos State House of Assembly|majalisar dokokin jihar Legas]] kuma kwamishinan sufuri a jihar daga cikin shekara ta 1979 har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1983<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/10/light-rail-our-plan-to-move-lagosians-around-with-ease-by-2014/</ref> kafin ya zama mataimakin shugaba (South West) na lokacin Alliance for Democracy (AD). Olatunji Hamzat ya zama shugaban gundumar Legas ta Yamma na Sanata na Action Congress<ref>https://www.thenationonlineng.net/2011/index.php/news-update/41759-lagos-acn-elders-ask-tinubu-to-aspire-to-presidency.html</ref> kuma ya zama sarki<ref>https://www.thenationonlineng.net/2011/index.php/news/26902-%E2%80%A6-assures-on-security-of-lives.html</ref> ta hanyar zuriyarsa ta sarautar uwa. [[File:Femi Hamzat at the Lagos Hackathon 2020 01.jpg|thumb|Femi Hamzat]] Ya yi karatun firamare a Odu-Abore Memorial Primary School, [[Mushin (Nijeriya)|Mushin]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]], [[Najeriya]]<ref name=":0" /> sannan ya yi karatunsa na sakandare a Olivet Baptist High School, [[Oyo (jiha)|Jihar Oyo]], a yankin Kudu maso yammacin Najeriya.<ref name=":0" /> Ya kammala karatunsa na digiri a Jami’ar Ibadan acikin shekarar 1986 inda ya yi digiri a fannin Agricultural engineering a shekarar 1986 sannan ya yi digiri na biyu a fannin Agricultural engineering a shekarar 1988. Acikin shekarar 1992, ya sami digirin digirgir a fannin Injiniya Tsarin Tsari a Jami'ar Cranfield dake [[Ingila]]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2023}} == Sana'a == Ya yi aiki a RTP Consulting Services, Jami'ar Columbia, Merrill Lynch Inc, Morgan Stanley da [[Oando]] Plc. A [[Oando]] Plc, ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Jami'in Watsa Labarai da Shugaban Rukunin IT Strategist.<ref name=":0" /> == Farkon sana'ar siyasa == Acikin watan Agustan 2005, Dr. Hamzat ya zama Kwamishinan Kimiyya da Fasaha a zamanin Asiwaju [[Bola Tinubu|Bola Ahmed Tinubu]]. Ya ci gaba da riƙe muƙamin sa lokacin da Gwamna [[Babatunde Fashola]] ya karɓi mulki a shekarar 2007.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2023}} A lokacin da Dr. Hamzat yake riƙe da muƙamin kwamishinan kimiya da fasaha ne ya tilasta amfani da fasahar zamani a ma’aikatun jihar, wanda hakan ya canza fuskar bayanai da adana bayanai a Legas, tare da kawar da ɗabi’ar ma’aikatan bogi.<ref>https://www.itrealms.com.ng/2007/11/ict-is-differentiating-factor-obafemi.html?m=1</ref><ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/07/fashola-swears-in-commissioners/</ref> Ofishin ya ci gaba da tafiya ba tare da kwamishina ba a cikin shekaru huɗu na farko na Fashola (bayan naɗin [[Rauf Aregbesola]]), tare da mai ba da shawara na musamman. A yayin aiwatar da aikin nasa, ma’aikatar Dr. Hamzat ya kammala wasu muhimman ayyuka na jihar Legas a zamanin babban birni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/lekki-ikoyi-bridge-a-monument-for-posterity/149272/ |access-date=2023-03-14 |archive-date=2013-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227140030/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/lekki-ikoyi-bridge-a-monument-for-posterity/149272/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://dailyindependentnig.com/</ref><ref>https://www.informationng.com/2013/07/lagos-builds-ultra-modern-300-seater-bus-stop-in-obalende-jetty-in-ikoyi-%E2%80%A2projects-get-october-completion-date.html</ref><ref>https://businessnews.com.ng/2013/05/20/lagos-commences-work-on-fourth-mainland-bridge/</ref> == Daga baya muƙamai da zaɓen mataimakin gwamna == An naɗa Hamzat a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman kan ayyuka ga mai girma ministan ayyuka, wutar lantarki da gidaje, Mista [[Babatunde Fashola]] a shekarar 2015. A watan Satumban 2018, ya yi murabus daga wannan muƙamin domin tsayawa takara a zaɓen gwamnan jihar Legas. [[File:Femi Hamzat at the Lagos Hackathon 2020 10.jpg|thumb|Femi Hamzat]] Bayan an daɗe ana fafatawa a zaɓen fidda gwani, Dakta Hamzat ya fito a matsayin abokin takarar [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] wanda ya ajiye muƙaminsa a lokacin zaɓen fidda gwani.<ref>https://punchng.com/breaking-hamzat-steps-down-for-sanwo-olu/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.lagostelevision.com/sanwoolu-picks-hamzat-as-running-mate/ |access-date=2023-03-14 |archive-date=2023-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314173253/https://www.lagostelevision.com/sanwoolu-picks-hamzat-as-running-mate/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ƙarshe [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu|Sanwo-Olu]] zai zama zaɓaɓɓen ɗan takarar jam’iyyar, sannan ya zama zaɓaɓɓen Gwamna. Dukkan mutanen biyu sun gudanar da yaƙin neman zaɓe tare a sassa daban-daban na jihar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.nan.ng/news/sanwo-olu-hamzat-take-campaign-to-ikorodu/ |access-date=2023-03-14 |archive-date=2019-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528115027/https://www.nan.ng/news/sanwo-olu-hamzat-take-campaign-to-ikorodu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 10 ga watan Maris 2019, bayan zaɓen, hukumar zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta naɗa Dr. Hamzat a matsayin mataimakin zaɓaɓɓen gwamnan jihar Legas tare da gabatar da takardar shaidar cin zaɓe.<ref>https://punchng.com/inec-issues-sanwo-olu-hamzat-certificates-of-return/</ref> == Mahimman nasarori da kyaututtuka == === Gwarzon Jahar Legas na shekarar 2013 === Dr. Hamzat ya zama wanda ya lashe kyautar gwarzon ɗan jihar Legas karo na biyar a watan Satumban 2013. Archived [http://www.thegazellenews.com/2013/05/29/works-commissioner-femi-hamzat-wins-lagos-man-of-the-year-award/ Gwarzon Ɗan Jahar Legas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227105946/http://www.thegazellenews.com/2013/05/29/works-commissioner-femi-hamzat-wins-lagos-man-of-the-year-award/ |date=2013-12-27 }} <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.thegazellenews.com/2013/05/29/works-commissioner-femi-hamzat-wins-lagos-man-of-the-year-award |access-date=2023-03-14 |archive-date=2013-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227105946/http://www.thegazellenews.com/2013/05/29/works-commissioner-femi-hamzat-wins-lagos-man-of-the-year-award/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://guardian.ng/news/metro-news/132511-hamzat-emerges-2013-lagos-man-of-the-year{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin mutanen Yarbawa == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1964]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Articles with hAudio microformats]] 7nxppswrf30avfmnt4mzgeu33pmxtij 975007 975004 2026-11-01T20:00:54Z Zahrah0 14848 975007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Femi Hamzat at the Lagos Hackathon 2020 03.jpg|thumb|Femi Hamzat]] '''Kadri Obafemi Hamzat''' (An haife shi ne a ranar 19 ga watan Satumban shekara ta alif 1964) ɗan siyasar Najeriya ne wanda ya zama mataimakin gwamnan jihar Legas tun cikin shekara ta 2019.<ref>https://thenationonlineng.net/ampion-microsoft-support-200-smes/</ref> An haife shi acikin [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] a cikin dangin Late Oba Mufutau Olatunji Hamzat da Late Alhaja Kehinde Hamzat daga Iga Egbe dake [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]]. Mahaifinsa, Marigayi Oba Mufutau Olatunji Hamzat ya taɓa zama ɗan [[Lagos State House of Assembly|majalisar dokokin jihar Legas]] kuma kwamishinan sufuri a jihar daga cikin shekara ta 1979 zuwa cikin shekara ta alif 1983 kafin ya zama mataimakin shugaba (South West) na Alliance for Democracy (AD) a lokacin).<ref>https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/09/22/obafemi-hamzat-at-54/</ref> Ya zama shugaban majalisar dattawan Legas ta yamma na jam'iyyar Action Congress kuma ya zama sarki ta hanyar zuriyarsa ta sarautar uwa. == Fage == An haifi Hamzat a ranar 19 ga watan Satumban shekara ta 1964 a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Najeriya,<ref name=":0">https://deputygovernor.lagosstate.gov.ng/</ref> a cikin dangin marigayi Oba Mufutau Olatunji Hamzat da marigayi Alhaja Kehinde Hamzat wanda ya fito daga Iga Egbe, jihar Legas. Mahaifinsa, marigayi Oba Mufutau Olatunji Hamzat ya taɓa zama ɗan [[Lagos State House of Assembly|majalisar dokokin jihar Legas]] kuma kwamishinan sufuri a jihar daga cikin shekara ta 1979 har zuwa cikin shekara ta 1983<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/10/light-rail-our-plan-to-move-lagosians-around-with-ease-by-2014/</ref> kafin ya zama mataimakin shugaba (South West) na lokacin Alliance for Democracy (AD). Olatunji Hamzat ya zama shugaban gundumar Legas ta Yamma na Sanata na Action Congress<ref>https://www.thenationonlineng.net/2011/index.php/news-update/41759-lagos-acn-elders-ask-tinubu-to-aspire-to-presidency.html</ref> kuma ya zama sarki<ref>https://www.thenationonlineng.net/2011/index.php/news/26902-%E2%80%A6-assures-on-security-of-lives.html</ref> ta hanyar zuriyarsa ta sarautar uwa. [[File:Femi Hamzat at the Lagos Hackathon 2020 01.jpg|thumb|Femi Hamzat]] Ya yi karatun firamare a Odu-Abore Memorial Primary School, [[Mushin (Nijeriya)|Mushin]], [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]], [[Najeriya]]<ref name=":0" /> sannan ya yi karatunsa na sakandare a Olivet Baptist High School, [[Oyo (jiha)|Jihar Oyo]], a yankin Kudu maso yammacin Najeriya.<ref name=":0" /> Ya kammala karatunsa na digiri a Jami’ar Ibadan acikin shekarar 1986 inda ya yi digiri a fannin Agricultural engineering a shekarar 1986 sannan ya yi digiri na biyu a fannin Agricultural engineering a shekarar 1988. Acikin shekarar 1992, ya sami digirin digirgir a fannin Injiniya Tsarin Tsari a Jami'ar Cranfield dake [[Ingila]]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2023}} == Sana'a == Ya yi aiki a RTP Consulting Services, Jami'ar Columbia, Merrill Lynch Inc, Morgan Stanley da [[Oando]] Plc. A [[Oando]] Plc, ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Jami'in Watsa Labarai da Shugaban Rukunin IT Strategist.<ref name=":0" /> == Farkon sana'ar siyasa == Acikin watan Agustan 2005, Dr. Hamzat ya zama Kwamishinan Kimiyya da Fasaha a zamanin Asiwaju [[Bola Tinubu|Bola Ahmed Tinubu]]. Ya ci gaba da riƙe muƙamin sa lokacin da Gwamna [[Babatunde Fashola]] ya karɓi mulki a shekarar 2007.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2023}} A lokacin da Dr. Hamzat yake riƙe da muƙamin kwamishinan kimiya da fasaha ne ya tilasta amfani da fasahar zamani a ma’aikatun jihar, wanda hakan ya canza fuskar bayanai da adana bayanai a Legas, tare da kawar da ɗabi’ar ma’aikatan bogi.<ref>https://www.itrealms.com.ng/2007/11/ict-is-differentiating-factor-obafemi.html?m=1</ref><ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/07/fashola-swears-in-commissioners/</ref> Ofishin ya ci gaba da tafiya ba tare da kwamishina ba a cikin shekaru huɗu na farko na Fashola (bayan naɗin [[Rauf Aregbesola]]), tare da mai ba da shawara na musamman. A yayin aiwatar da aikin nasa, ma’aikatar Dr. Hamzat ya kammala wasu muhimman ayyuka na jihar Legas a zamanin babban birni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/lekki-ikoyi-bridge-a-monument-for-posterity/149272/ |access-date=2023-03-14 |archive-date=2013-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227140030/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/lekki-ikoyi-bridge-a-monument-for-posterity/149272/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://dailyindependentnig.com/</ref><ref>https://www.informationng.com/2013/07/lagos-builds-ultra-modern-300-seater-bus-stop-in-obalende-jetty-in-ikoyi-%E2%80%A2projects-get-october-completion-date.html</ref><ref>https://businessnews.com.ng/2013/05/20/lagos-commences-work-on-fourth-mainland-bridge/</ref> == Daga baya muƙamai da zaɓen mataimakin gwamna == An naɗa Hamzat a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman kan ayyuka ga mai girma ministan ayyuka, wutar lantarki da gidaje, Mista [[Babatunde Fashola]] a shekarar 2015. A watan Satumban 2018, ya yi murabus daga wannan muƙamin domin tsayawa takara a zaɓen gwamnan jihar Legas. [[File:Femi Hamzat at the Lagos Hackathon 2020 10.jpg|thumb|Femi Hamzat]] Bayan an daɗe ana fafatawa a zaɓen fidda gwani, Dakta Hamzat ya fito a matsayin abokin takarar [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] wanda ya ajiye muƙaminsa a lokacin zaɓen fidda gwani.<ref>https://punchng.com/breaking-hamzat-steps-down-for-sanwo-olu/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.lagostelevision.com/sanwoolu-picks-hamzat-as-running-mate/ |access-date=2023-03-14 |archive-date=2023-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314173253/https://www.lagostelevision.com/sanwoolu-picks-hamzat-as-running-mate/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ƙarshe [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu|Sanwo-Olu]] zai zama zaɓaɓɓen ɗan takarar jam’iyyar, sannan ya zama zaɓaɓɓen Gwamna. Dukkan mutanen biyu sun gudanar da yaƙin neman zaɓe tare a sassa daban-daban na jihar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.nan.ng/news/sanwo-olu-hamzat-take-campaign-to-ikorodu/ |access-date=2023-03-14 |archive-date=2019-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528115027/https://www.nan.ng/news/sanwo-olu-hamzat-take-campaign-to-ikorodu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 10 ga watan Maris 2019, bayan zaɓen, hukumar zaɓe mai zaman kanta ta naɗa Dr. Hamzat a matsayin mataimakin zaɓaɓɓen gwamnan jihar Legas tare da gabatar da takardar shaidar cin zaɓe.<ref>https://punchng.com/inec-issues-sanwo-olu-hamzat-certificates-of-return/</ref> == Mahimman nasarori da kyaututtuka == === Gwarzon Jahar Legas na shekarar 2013 === Dr. Hamzat ya zama wanda ya lashe kyautar gwarzon ɗan jihar Legas karo na biyar a watan Satumban 2013. Archived [http://www.thegazellenews.com/2013/05/29/works-commissioner-femi-hamzat-wins-lagos-man-of-the-year-award/ Gwarzon Ɗan Jahar Legas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227105946/http://www.thegazellenews.com/2013/05/29/works-commissioner-femi-hamzat-wins-lagos-man-of-the-year-award/ |date=2013-12-27 }} <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.thegazellenews.com/2013/05/29/works-commissioner-femi-hamzat-wins-lagos-man-of-the-year-award |access-date=2023-03-14 |archive-date=2013-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227105946/http://www.thegazellenews.com/2013/05/29/works-commissioner-femi-hamzat-wins-lagos-man-of-the-year-award/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://guardian.ng/news/metro-news/132511-hamzat-emerges-2013-lagos-man-of-the-year{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin mutanen Yarbawa == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1964]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Articles with hAudio microformats]] q2vme5jendamtg9mv0pncydqjupli17 0 43990 975005 555470 2026-11-01T19:59:38Z Zahrah0 14848 975005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Tunji Bello.jpg|thumb|Tunji Bello]] '''Olatunji Bello''' (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Yuli shekara ta alif 1961) [[lauya]] ne, masanin muhalli, masanin kimiyyar siyasa, [[ɗan jarida]] kuma kwamishinan muhalli da albarkatun ruwa a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu]] a [[Lagos (jiha)|jihar Legas]]. Ɗan [[Legas]] ne.<ref name=":0">https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/07/02/tunji-profile-in-diligence-and-loyalty/</ref><ref>https://guardian.ng/news/lagos-ex-gov-hails-tunji-bello-60/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://environment.lagosstate.gov.ng/category/principal-officers/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-14 |archive-date=2022-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925041359/https://environment.lagosstate.gov.ng/category/principal-officers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/06/tunji-bello-at-60-he-is-an-accomplished-administrator-ogunsan/</ref> == Asalin ilimi == Yana da B.Sc. Ya yi Digiri a Jami’ar [[Ibadan]] inda ya karanta [[Kimiyyar siyasa|Kimiyyar Siyasa]] kuma ya kammala a shekarar 1984. Ya sami Digiri na biyu a fannin Shari'a da [[Diflomasiya]] ML. D a (1987) daga Jami'ar [[Legas]]. Ya yi karatun digiri na farko a fannin shari'a a [[Jami'ar Lagos|jami'ar Legas dake]] [[Najeriya]] a shekara ta 2000.<ref>https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/07/02/tunji-profile-in-diligence-and-loyalty/</ref><ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/06/tunji-bello-at-60-he-is-an-accomplished-administrator-ogunsan/</ref> == Aikin jarida == Tunji Bello ya fara aikin yaɗa [[labarai]] ne a rusasshiyar gidan jaridar Concord ta [[Najeriya]] inda ya girma har ya zama Edita. Ya fara ne a matsayin Marubuci Features; ya kasance Editan Features na Mataimakin. Aikin [[Journalism|jarida]] ya yi girma cikin sauri har ya zama Editan Siyasa yana da shekaru 27. Daga baya aka ƙara masa girma zuwa Editan taken Lahadi sannan kuma daga baya Editan taken ƙungiyar Jaridun Concord na yau da kullum. An kuma naɗa shi Shugaban Hukumar Edita na Jaridar THISDAY. Ya kasance Mawallafin Ma'aikaci tare da [[Saint-Petersburg|St. Petersburg]] Times, [[Florida]], Amurka, da Labaran Amurka & Rahoton Duniya, [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]] a shekarar 1992.<ref name=":0" /><ref><nowiki>https://moelagos.gov.ng/about-moelagos/principal-officers/honourable-commissioner/</nowiki></ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == Tunji Bello yana ɗalibi a jami'ar Ibadan, shi ne mataimakin shugaban ƙungiyar ɗaliban [[Ibadan|jami'ar Ibadan]]. Ya kasance yana tayar da hankali ga [[dimokuraɗiyya]] tun shekarun 80s. Babban aikinsa na siyasa ya fara ne lokacin da ya zama mataimaki na musamman ga Bashorun [[Moshood Abiola|MKO Abiola]], wanda ya lashe zaɓen shugaban ƙasa da aka soke ranar 12 ga watan Yuni, 1993. Bayan soke zaɓen da aka yi, Tunji Bello ya zama mamba a ƙungiyar masu fafutukar tabbatar da [[dimokuraɗiyya]] a Najeriya, NADECO, wadda ta yi fafutukar ganin an tabbatar da dimokuraɗiyya a Najeriya daga shekarar 1993 zuwa 1999. Bayan miƙa mulki daga mulkin Soja zuwa mulkin [[dimokuraɗiyya]] a shekarar 1999, Tunji Bello ya bi sahun tsohon gwamnan [[jihar Legas]], Asiwaju [[Bola Tinubu|Bola Ahmeed Tinubu]] a majalisarsa. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar Sa hannu da Talla (LASSA) da kuma Kwamishinan Muhalli a Gwamnatin Asiwaju.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/06/tunji-bello-at-60-he-is-an-accomplished-administrator-ogunsan/</ref> A watan Yulin shekarar 2011, ya shiga gwamnatin Gwamna Babatunde Fashola inda Gwamnan ya rantsar da shi a matsayin Kwamishinan Muhalli inda ya yi aiki har zuwa ranar 29 ga watan Mayu, 2015. A shekarar 2015, bayan rantsar da tsohon Gwamna, Mista [[Akinwunmi Ambode]], an naɗa Tunji Bello a matsayin sakataren gwamnatin jihar a ranar 29 ga watan Mayun 2015 yana aiki har zuwa Ƙarshen gwamnatin Mista [[Akinwunmi Ambode]] a shekarar 2019. A shekarar 2019 ya shiga gwamnatin Sanwo-Olu kuma Gwamna ya rantsar da shi a shekarar 2019 a matsayin Kwamishinan Muhalli da Ruwa kuma har yanzu yana kan aiki.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://moelagos.gov.ng/about-moelagos/principal-officers/honourable-commissioner/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-14 |archive-date=2022-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925221753/https://moelagos.gov.ng/about-moelagos/principal-officers/honourable-commissioner/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/08/tunji-bello-omotoso-get-portfolios-as-sanwo-olu-inaugurates-exco-members/</ref> == Kyauta == Ya samu kyaututtuka daban-daban. Ya karɓi Alfred Friendly Press Fellowship, [[Amurka]], Ya lashe lambar yabo ta Concord Press award for Excellence and Bravery in Journalism, Concord Publisher's Best Editorial Manager. Ya kasance wanda ya samu lambar yabo ta Jami'ar [[Ibadan]] Distinguished Alumnus Award da kuma Jami'ar [[Legas]] Distinguished Alumni Achievers Award Of Excellence. Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyi ta [[Najeriya]], [[Ikeja]], reshen [[Legas]], da UNDP sun karrama shi saboda aza harsashin samar da muhalli a [[jihar Legas]]. Ya rubuta littafi guda kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga wasu huɗu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://moelagos.gov.ng/about-moelagos/principal-officers/honourable-commissioner/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-14 |archive-date=2022-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925221753/https://moelagos.gov.ng/about-moelagos/principal-officers/honourable-commissioner/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Shi ne mijin Ibiyemi Olatunji-Bello, Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar [[Jihar Legas]] a yanzu tun watan Satumban 2021.<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/09/ibiyemi-bello-16-facts-to-know-about-new-lasu-vc/</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1961]] dmhahbafqjwufva29q53zd6uonr99l7 0 44024 974999 629915 2026-11-01T19:56:27Z Almustapha bk 49060 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1381464314|Dani Olmo]]" 974999 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daniel Olmo Carvajal'''[A] (born 7 May 1998) is a Spanish professional [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|footballer]] who plays as an [[Mai buga tsakiya|attacking midfielder]] or [[Mai buga tsakiya|left winger]] for La Liga club [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] and the [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Spain|Spain national team]]. He is known for his spatial awareness, quick scanning and tight-space dribbling. Bayan wani lokaci a La [[La Masia|Masia]], Olmo ya fara bugawa Dinamo Zagreb a Croatia a shekarar 2015. Ya buga wasanni 124 a kulob din, ya zira kwallaye 34 kuma ya lashe gasar sau biyar da kofin sau uku. A cikin 2020, ya shiga RB Leipzig, inda ya lashe DFB-Pokals biyu a cikin 2022 da 2023 da kuma DFL-Supercup na 2023, inda ya zira kwallaye, kafin ya koma kulob din Barcelona a cikin 2024. Olmo ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai ta 2019 tare da tawagar Spain ta kasa da shekara 21, da kuma lambar azurfa a Gasar Olympics ta 2020. Ya fara buga wasan farko na kasa da kasa a shekarar 2019, kuma ya kasance daga cikin kungiyoyin da suka kai wasan kusa da na karshe na UEFA Euro 2020, kuma ya lashe gasar UEFA Nations League ta 2023. Ya kasance babban memba na kungiyoyin Spain da suka lashe gasar Yuro 2024 (ya kammala a matsayin mai zira kwallaye na haɗin gwiwa) da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2026. == Ayyukan kulob din == === Farkon aiki === An haife shi a Terrassa, Barcelona, [[Katalunya|Catalonia]], Olmo ya isa makarantar matasa ta [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] yana da shekaru tara, daga makwabta Espanyol . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Kaustubh |date=3 July 2019 |title=Lowdown on Manchester United target Dani Olmo: Scout Report |url=https://www.calciomercato.com/en/news/lowdown-on-manchester-united-target-dani-olmo-scout-report-54073 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215163625/https://www.calciomercato.com/en/news/lowdown-on-manchester-united-target-dani-olmo-scout-report-54073 |archive-date=15 December 2019 |access-date=18 August 2019 |publisher=Calcio Mercato}}</ref> === Dinamo Zagreb === A cikin wani yunkuri mai ban mamaki wanda Andy Bara ya shirya, Olmo ya shiga Dinamo Zagreb a ranar 31 ga Yulin 2014, yana da shekaru 16. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dani Olmo joins RB Leipzig from Dinamo Zagreb |url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/dani-olmo-joins-rb-leipzig-from-dinamo-zagreb-spain-midfielder-9509 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207070440/https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/dani-olmo-joins-rb-leipzig-from-dinamo-zagreb-spain-midfielder-9509 |archive-date=7 February 2021 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=www.bundesliga.com |language=en}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasan farko a kan Lokomotiva Zagreb a ranar 7 ga watan Fabrairun 2015, a matsayin mai maye gurbin Paulo Machado a minti na 76 a nasarar 2-1 a gida. A ranar 22 ga watan Satumba, ya zira kwallaye na farko a nasarar 7-1 a Oštrc Zlatar a zagaye na farko na kofin. A ranar 22 ga watan Agustan 2016, Olmo ya sanya hannu kan sabon kwangilar shekaru hudu. Ya zira kwallaye uku a wasanni hudu yayin da tawagar ta zo ta biyu a gasar cin kofin, ciki har da daya a cikin asarar 3-1 ga Rijeka a wasan ƙarshe a ranar 31 ga Mayu; kwana hudu da suka gabata ya zira kwallayen farko a gasar a cikin nasarar 5-2 a gida a kan wannan tawagar - tuni zakarun - a ranar karshe. Olmo ya ba Izet Hajrović taimako ga burin na uku kuma ya zira kwallaye na huɗu a gasar Europa League 4-1 a kan [[Fenerbahçe S.K.|Fenerbahçe]] a ranar 20 ga Satumba 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Delač |first=Hrvoje |date=20 September 2018 |title=Veličanstvena pobjeda Dinama! Fener na Maksimiru dobio četiri komada |url=https://www.vecernji.hr/sport/uzivo-dinamo-krece-u-europskoj-ligi-evo-sastava-za-fener-na-maksimiru-1271260 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813172506/https://www.vecernji.hr/sport/uzivo-dinamo-krece-u-europskoj-ligi-evo-sastava-za-fener-na-maksimiru-1271260 |archive-date=13 August 2021 |access-date=26 September 2020 |website=Večernji list |language=hr}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga watan Disamba, an kira Olmo dan wasa mafi kyau na Prva HNL na shekarar 2018.<ref name="2018POTY">{{Cite web |date=17 December 2018 |title=Dani Olmo najbolji je nogometaš godine prema izboru kapetana hrvatskih prvoligaša |url=https://www.tportal.hr/sport/clanak/dani-olmo-najbolji-je-nogometas-godine-prema-izboru-kapetana-hrvatskih-prvoligasa-20181217 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223060514/https://www.tportal.hr/sport/clanak/dani-olmo-najbolji-je-nogometas-godine-prema-izboru-kapetana-hrvatskih-prvoligasa-20181217 |archive-date=23 February 2020 |access-date=20 December 2018 |website=tportal.hr |language=hr}}</ref> A cikin wannan watan, ya kammala na 11 a kyautar Golden Boy ta ''Tuttosport'', a gaban irin su [[Kylian Mbappé]] da [[Josip Brekalo]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Olmo ispred Mbappea, Brekalo u TOP 20 najboljih U21 igrača |url=https://www.24sata.hr/sport/olmo-ispred-mbappea-brekalo-u-top-20-najboljih-u21-igraca-605160 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220230645/https://www.24sata.hr/sport/olmo-ispred-mbappea-brekalo-u-top-20-najboljih-u21-igraca-605160 |archive-date=20 December 2018 |access-date=20 December 2018 |website=www.24sata.hr |language=hr}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairun 2019, ya zira kwallaye guda daya a wasan Europa League na 32 da ya yi da Viktoria Plzeň wanda ya ƙare a cikin asarar 2-1 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=S. Š. |date=14 February 2019 |title=Razočaranom Olmu 'izletila' psovka: Pala je koncentracija, ali prolazimo |url=https://www.tportal.hr/sport/clanak/razocaranom-olmu-izletila-psovka-pala-je-koncentracija-ali-prolazimo-foto-20190214 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418033328/https://www.tportal.hr/sport/clanak/razocaranom-olmu-izletila-psovka-pala-je-koncentracija-ali-prolazimo-foto-20190214 |archive-date=18 April 2022 |access-date=26 September 2020 |website=Tportal.hr |language=hr}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Yuni, an ba shi suna mafi kyawun ɗan wasa kuma mafi kyawun ɗan wasan matasa na kakar 2018-19 Prva HNL. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2019 |title=Spaniard Dani Olmo is named player of the season in Croatia |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/international-football/2019/06/03/5cf52315268e3e690f8b45ee.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604130723/https://www.marca.com/en/football/international-football/2019/06/03/5cf52315268e3e690f8b45ee.html |archive-date=4 June 2019 |access-date=4 June 2019 |website=MARCA in English |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga watan Satumbar 2019, ya fara buga Gasar Zakarun Turai a wasan da ya ci Atalanta 4-0 a gida.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 September 2019 |title=Dinamo Zagreb–Atalanta |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/match/2027029--gnk-dinamo-vs-atalanta/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215105827/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2020/matches/round=2001140/match=2027029/ |archive-date=15 December 2019 |access-date=19 November 2019 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye na farko a gasar a ranar 22 ga Oktoba a wasan 2-2 tare da Shakhtar Donetsk.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2019 |title=Shakhtar Donetsk–Dinamo Zagreb |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/match/2027069--shakhtar-vs-gnk-dinamo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227125400/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2020/matches/round=2001140/match=2027069/ |archive-date=27 December 2019 |access-date=19 November 2019 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye guda daya da Dinamo ta ci a wasan da aka yi da Manchester City a ranar 11 ga watan Disamba, yayin da Dinamo ya gama a kasan rukuni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 December 2019 |title=Dinamo Zagreb–Manchester City |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/match/2027109--gnk-dinamo-vs-man-city/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222092611/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2020/matches/round=2001140/match=2027109/ |archive-date=22 December 2019 |access-date=18 January 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2019 |title=I POBJEDNIK JE - DANI OLMO! Stiglo veliko priznanje za najskupljeg Dinamovog igrača: Najljepši potez posljednjeg kola Lige prvaka viđen je u Maksimiru |url=https://sportske.jutarnji.hr/nogomet/liga-prvaka/i-pobjednik-je-dani-olmo-stiglo-veliko-priznanje-za-najskupljeg-dinamovog-igraca-najljepsi-potez-posljednjeg-kola-lige-prvaka-viden-je-u-maksimiru/9744046/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711000313/https://sportske.jutarnji.hr/sn/nogomet/liga-prvaka/i-pobjednik-je-dani-olmo-stiglo-veliko-priznanje-za-najskupljeg-dinamovog-igraca-najljepsi-potez-posljednjeg-kola-lige-prvaka-viden-je-u-maksimiru-9744046 |archive-date=11 July 2024 |access-date=18 January 2020 |website=Sportske novosti |language=hr}}</ref> === RB Leipzig === [[File:2022-07-30_Fußball,_Männer,_DFL-Supercup,_RB_Leipzig_-_FC_Bayern_München_1DX_3277_by_Stepro.jpg|thumb|Olmo (dama) da [[Serge Gnabry]] na [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] a cikin 2022 DFL-Supercup]] A ranar 25 ga watan Janairun 2020, Olmo ya koma kulob din Bundesliga RB Leipzig, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru hudu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2020 |title=Dani Olmo verstärkt RB Leipzig! |url=https://www.dierotenbullen.com/de/aktuelles/neuigkeiten/Saison_2019_20/Neuzugang-Dani-Olmo.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206232533/https://www.dierotenbullen.com/de/aktuelles/neuigkeiten/Saison_2019_20/Neuzugang-Dani-Olmo.html |archive-date=6 February 2021 |access-date=25 January 2020 |website=dierotenbullen.com |publisher=RB Leipzig |language=de}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Ya fara bugawa mako guda bayan haka, a wasan 2-2 tare da Borussia Mönchengladbach, yana zuwa ga Tyler Adams a minti na 69. A ranar 4 ga watan Fabrairu ya zira kwallaye guda daya a wasan 3-1 na DFB-Pokal da aka yi wa Eintracht Frankfurt, bayan ya zo ga [[Amadou Haidara]] a rabin lokaci. Olmo ya fara bugawa Leipzig wasa na farko a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu 2020, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dani Olmo: From Prospect to Serial Title Winner |url=https://rbleipzig.com/en/news/dani-olmo-look-back-rb-leipzig-stats-achievements |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250527152749/https://rbleipzig.com/en/news/dani-olmo-look-back-rb-leipzig-stats-achievements |archive-date=27 May 2025 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=rbleipzig.com}}</ref> a wasan da ya yi da [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] wanda ya ƙare a matsayin zane ba tare da kwallo ba, ya fito ga [[Patrik Schick]] a minti na 69. <ref>{{Cite web |title=RB Leipzig's Dani Olmo: "Bundesliga one of the best leagues in the world" |url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/dani-olmo-bundesliga-one-of-the-best-leagues-in-the-world-rb-leipzig-9911 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250527152749/https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/dani-olmo-bundesliga-one-of-the-best-leagues-in-the-world-rb-leipzig-9911 |archive-date=27 May 2025 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=www.bundesliga.com |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Yuni, ya zira kwallaye biyu a nasarar 2-0 a kan 1899 Hoffenheim . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Olmo poludio! U dvije minute strpao dva lijepa gola za pobjedu Leipziga |url=https://gol.dnevnik.hr/clanak/rubrika/nogomet/olmo-zabio-dva-gola-u-dvije-minute---609055.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612213748/https://gol.dnevnik.hr/clanak/rubrika/nogomet/olmo-zabio-dva-gola-u-dvije-minute---609055.html |archive-date=12 June 2020 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=Gol.hr |language=hr}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, ya zira kwallaye na farko a nasarar 2-1 a kan [[Atlético Madrid|Atletico Madrid]] a Estádio José Alvalade, yayin da Leipzig ta ci gaba zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar zakarun Turai a karo na farko a tarihin kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 August 2020 |title=Dani Olmo zabio, RB Leipzig eliminirao Atletico Madrid za polufinale Lige prvaka! |url=https://gol.dnevnik.hr/clanak/rubrika/nogomet/liga-prvaka-cetvrtfinale-atletico-protiv-rb-leipziga-lovi-polufinale---616568.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929145715/https://gol.dnevnik.hr/clanak/rubrika/nogomet/liga-prvaka-cetvrtfinale-atletico-protiv-rb-leipziga-lovi-polufinale---616568.html |archive-date=29 September 2020 |access-date=13 August 2020 |website=Gol.hr |language=hr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=JL. |date=13 August 2020 |title=Dani Olmo sjajno pogodio u povijesnoj pobjedi Leipziga! Nijemci srušili Atletico u samoj završnici |url=https://sportske.jutarnji.hr/sn/nogomet/liga-prvaka/dani-olmo-sjajno-pogodio-u-povijesnoj-pobjedi-leipziga-nijemci-srusili-atletico-u-samoj-zavrsnici-15013437 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831190651/https://sportske.jutarnji.hr/sn/nogomet/liga-prvaka/video-dani-olmo-sjajno-pogodio-u-povijesnoj-pobjedi-leipziga-nijemci-srusili-atletico-u-samoj-zavrsnici-15013437 |archive-date=31 August 2021 |access-date=13 August 2020 |website=Sportske novosti |language=hr}}</ref> [[File:Dani_Olmo_2022.jpg|thumb|305x305px|Olmo a cikin 2022]] Olmo ya buga wasanni hudu a nasarar RB Leipzig a DFB-Pokal a 2021-22, inda ya ci kwallaye don kammala nasarar 2-0 a gida a kan Hansa Rostock a cikin 16 na karshe a ranar 19 ga Janairu. Ya kasance mai maye gurbin [[Kevin Kampl]] a minti na 69 a wasan ƙarshe a ranar 21 ga Mayu, kuma ya zira kwallaye a wasan da aka yi bayan 1-1 tare da [[SC Freiburg]]; tare da minti biyu na karin lokaci da ya rage, Nicolas Höfler ya kama shi a yankin kisa kuma an kori Kampl daga benci na maye gurbin don neman kisa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AFP |date=2022-05-22 |title=RB Leipzig win first German Cup trophy {{!}} New Straits Times |url=https://www.nst.com.my/sports/football/2022/05/798291/rb-leipzig-win-first-german-cup-trophy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007174252/https://www.nst.com.my/sports/football/2022/05/798291/rb-leipzig-win-first-german-cup-trophy |archive-date=7 October 2022 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=NST Online |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga watan Yulin, kuma a Kampl, ya zira kwallaye na ta'aziyya a cikin asarar 5-3 ga Bayern Munich a cikin DFL-Supercup na 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-30 |title=Mane on target as five-star Bayern Munich down RB Leipzig to win DFL-Supercup |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/bundesliga/2022/07/30/62e5930ce2704e14448b45f6.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007174248/https://www.marca.com/en/football/bundesliga/2022/07/30/62e5930ce2704e14448b45f6.html |archive-date=7 October 2022 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=MARCA |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga watan Agustan 2023, Olmo ya zira kwallaye a DFL-Supercup da Bayern Munich, inda ya ba da kwallaye kawai da aka zira a wasan. === Komawa zuwa Barcelona === ==== Lokacin 2024-25 ==== A ranar 9 ga watan Agustan 2024, Olmo ya koma kungiyar matasa ta Barcelona, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru shida a cikin yarjejeniyar da aka ruwaito ta kai kimanin Yuro miliyan 60.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FC Barcelona sign Dani Olmo |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/4078339/fc-barcelona-sign-dani-olmo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250726021710/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/4078339/fc-barcelona-sign-dani-olmo |archive-date=26 July 2025 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga watan Agustan 2024, bayan ya rasa wasannin da ya yi da [[Valencia CF|Valencia]] da Athletic Bilbao saboda bai iya yin rajista ba saboda matsalolin albashi, Olmo ya fara bugawa. Ya fito daga benci don maye gurbin [[Ferran Torres]] a kan [[Rayo Vallecano]] a rabi na biyu kuma ya zira kwallaye masu nasara a minti na 82, ya ba kulob dinsa nasara 1-2. A ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, bayan ya dawo daga rauni, Olmo ya zira kwallaye na huɗu da na biyar a wasanni biyar na Barcelona a nasarar 3-1 a kan Espanyol . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-27 |title=Olmo seals Barca win with goal in 'dream debut' |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/41018984/dani-olmo-barcelona-win-goal-dream-return |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241110090559/https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/41018984/dani-olmo-barcelona-win-goal-dream-return |archive-date=10 November 2024 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Barcelona 3-1 Espanyol (3 Nov, 2024) Game Analysis - ESPN (UK) |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/report/_/gameId/704773 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220161226/https://www.espn.co.uk/football/report/_/gameId/704773 |archive-date=20 February 2025 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga watan Nuwamba, ya zira kwallaye na farko na gasar zakarun Turai na Barcelona a nasarar 3-0 a kan Brest.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Iveson |first=Ali |date=26 November 2024 |title=Barcelona 3-0 Stade Brestois - Robert Lewandowski scores 100th UEFA Champions League goal in comfortable win |url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/champions-league/2024-2025/barcelona-v-brest-uefa-champions-league-live_sto10402005/story.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250106140024/https://www.eurosport.com/geoblocking.shtml |archive-date=6 January 2025 |access-date=27 November 2024 |publisher=Eurosport}}</ref> Saboda gazawar Barcelona na yin rajista da shi da abokin aikinsa Pau Víctor a cikin lokaci don 2025, Olmo yana da zaɓi na zama wakilin kyauta kuma zai iya tattaunawa da kowane kulob.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanderson |first=Tom |title=FC Barcelona Could Lose $273 Million In Olmo Registration Debacle |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomsanderson/2025/01/01/fc-barcelona-could-lose-273-million-in-olmo-registration-debacle/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250102073235/https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomsanderson/2025/01/01/fc-barcelona-could-lose-273-million-in-olmo-registration-debacle/ |archive-date=2 January 2025 |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=[[Forbes]] |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya, Consejo Superior de Deportes ya amince da rajistar Olmo da Pau Víctor a ranar 8 ga Janairun 2025, ma'ana cewa 'yan wasan biyu zasu iya buga wa kulob din wasa a La Liga, UEFA Champions League, Copa del Rey, da kuma Supercopa de España na karshe da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dani Olmo and Pau Víctor registered for La Liga |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4196546/dani-olmo-and-pau-victor-registered-for-la-liga |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114125011/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4196546/dani-olmo-and-pau-victor-registered-for-la-liga |archive-date=14 January 2025 |access-date=2025-01-08 |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]] |language=en}}</ref> ==== Lokacin 2025-26 ==== Olmo ya zira kwallaye na farko na kakar a ranar 21 ga Satumba 2025 a cikin nasarar 3-0 a kan [[Getafe CF|Getafe]] a La Liga, inda ya kuma taimaka wa burin farko ga [[Ferran Torres]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=La Liga Round 5 - Barca vs Girona |url=https://www.fotmob.com/en-GB/matches/getafe-vs-barcelona/2dfbe4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106075936/https://www.fotmob.com/en-GB/matches/getafe-vs-barcelona/2dfbe4 |archive-date=6 January 2026 |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=Fotmob}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2025, bayan da ya zira kwallaye a wasan La Liga da [[Atlético Madrid|Atletico Madrid]], Olmo ya sauka a ƙasa kuma daga baya aka maye gurbinsa. Daga baya aka tabbatar da cewa ya karye kafadarsa kuma zai kasance a waje na kimanin wata daya.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Dani Olmo has a dislocated shoulder |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/4413539/dani-olmo-has-a-dislocated-shoulder |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251216094334/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/4413539/dani-olmo-has-a-dislocated-shoulder |archive-date=16 December 2025 |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=FC Barcelona}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == === Ƙungiyoyin matasa === Olmo was part of the Spanish squad at the 2015 European Under-17 Championship in [[Bulgeriya|Bulgaria]]; he netted in the penalty shoot-out as they were eliminated by Germany in the quarter-finals, but then had his attempt saved by Will Huffer as Spain lost to England by the same means in a play-off for that year's World Cup for the category.<ref>{{Cite web |title=England see off Spain from the spot to seal World Cup berth |url=http://www.thefa.com/news/2015/may/19/england-v-spain-u17-world-cup-play-off-match-19052015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119222747/https://www.thefa.com/news/2015/may/19/england-v-spain-u17-world-cup-play-off-match-19052015 |archive-date=19 January 2021 |access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref> Towards the end of 2017, Dinamo Zagreb director Tomislav Svetina said that the club was doing all it could to get the teenager Croatian citizenship as Olmo himself showed a desire to switch to Croatia at the international level.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 December 2017 |title=Spanish Teenage Talent Wants to Play for Croatia |url=https://www.croatiaweek.com/spanish-teenage-talent-wants-to-play-for-croatia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821031740/https://www.croatiaweek.com/spanish-teenage-talent-wants-to-play-for-croatia/ |archive-date=21 August 2018 |access-date=20 August 2018}}</ref> However, in October 2018, he made his debut for the Spain U21 side.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2021}} Olmo na daga cikin tawagar Spain da ta ƙarshe gasar zakarun Turai ta kasa da shekaru 21 ta 2019 a Italiya da [[San Marino]], inda ta buga wasanni hudu, ta taimaka wa kwallo daya kuma ta zira kwallaye uku, ciki har da daya a wasan karshe wanda ya sa aka kira shi Man of the Match. === Babban rukuni === [[File:Dani_Olmo_France_v_Spain_7.24.26-217.jpg|thumb|305x305px|Olmo yana wasa da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Spain|Spain]] da Faransa a wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2026.2026 FIFA World Cup semi-final]] Olmo ya sami kira na farko na manyan 'yan wasa a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2019, don cancantar Euro 2020 da Malta da Romania, bayan Spain ta riga ta cancanci gasar. Ya fara ne a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba a matsayin mai maye gurbin [[Álvaro Morata]] a minti na 66 kuma ya zira kwallaye uku daga baya a nasarar da aka yi a gida 7-0 a kan Malta. Abokin wasan farko Pau Torres ya zira kwallaye, yana mai da shi karo na farko da 'yan Spain biyu suka zira kwallayen su na farko a cikin shekaru 30. A ranar 24 ga Mayu 2021, an haɗa Olmo a cikin tawagar [[Luis Enrique]] ta mutum 24 don UEFA Euro 2020. A ranar 28 ga Yuni, a cikin karin lokaci na zagaye na 16 da Croatia, ya ba Morata da Mikel Oyarzabal taimako don saita ci a 4-3 da 5-3 bi da bi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2021 |title=Enriqueov joker zovi: Dani Olmo ubilježio je dvije ključne asistencije protiv Hrvatske |url=https://telesport.telegram.hr/na-prvu/enriqueov-joker-zovi-dani-olmo-ubiljezio-je-dvije-kljucne-asistencije-protiv-hrvatske/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184643/https://telesport.telegram.hr/na-prvu/enriqueov-joker-zovi-dani-olmo-ubiljezio-je-dvije-kljucne-asistencije-protiv-hrvatske/ |archive-date=9 July 2021 |access-date=6 July 2021 |website=Telesport |language=hr}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga watan Yulin, bayan wasan kusa da na karshe 1-1 tare da Switzerland ya tafi harbi, Olmo ya samu nasarar canza shi yayin da Spain ta ci 3-1.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kunić |first=Esmir |date=2 July 2021 |title=Španija nakon penala savladala Švicarsku i izborila polufinale Eura |url=https://ba.n1info.com/sport-klub/nogomet/spanija-nakon-penala-savladala-svicarsku-i-izborila-polufinale-eura/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702185019/https://ba.n1info.com/sport-klub/nogomet/spanija-nakon-penala-savladala-svicarsku-i-izborila-polufinale-eura/ |archive-date=2 July 2021 |access-date=6 July 2021 |website=N1 |language=bs-BA}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga watan Yulin, a wasan kusa da na karshe da ya yi da [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar ƙasa ta Italiya|Italiya]], ya ba Morata taimako ga mai daidaitawa; duk da haka, wani 1-1 draw ya tafi wani harbi tare da Olmo ya rasa hukuncinsa kuma Italiya ta lashe 4-2.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 July 2021 |title=Italija u finalu, Olmo i Morata tragičari Furije! |url=https://sportklub.hr/euro-2020/vijesti-euro-2020/italija-u-finalu-olmo-i-morata-tragicari-furije/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184351/https://sportklub.hr/euro-2020/vijesti-euro-2020/italija-u-finalu-olmo-i-morata-tragicari-furije/ |archive-date=9 July 2021 |access-date=6 July 2021 |website=Sportklub |language=hr}}</ref> An haɗa Olmo a cikin tawagar Luis de la Fuente ta mutum 22 don Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2020, a ranar 29 ga Yuni 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2021 |title=Spain names men's football squad for Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games |url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/en/news/spain-names-men-s-football-squad-for-tokyo-2020-olympic-games |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722094130/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/en/news/spain-names-men-s-football-squad-for-tokyo-2020-olympic-games |archive-date=22 July 2021 |access-date=22 July 2021 |publisher=[[International Olympic Committee]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-29 |title=Sergio Ramos left out of Spain's Olympics squad too |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/spanish-football/2021/06/29/60db07f022601df6428b4634.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250527223154/https://www.marca.com/en/football/spanish-football/2021/06/29/60db07f022601df6428b4634.html |archive-date=27 May 2025 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=MARCA |language=en}}</ref> A kan hanyar Spain zuwa azurfa ta Olympics, Olmo ya ba da gudummawa a cikin 1-1 draw tare da Argentina, da kuma burin da taimako a cikin nasarar 5-2 a kan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafar Ivory Coast ta Kasa da Shekaru 23|Ivory Coast]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2021 |title=Spain U23 vs. Argentina U23 - Football Match Commentary |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/commentary/_/gameId/601596 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807143109/https://www.espn.com/soccer/commentary/_/gameId/601596 |archive-date=7 August 2021 |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2021 |title=Spain U23 vs. Ivory Coast U23 - Football Match Commentary |url=https://www.espn.in/football/commentary/_/gameId/601593 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807143110/https://www.espn.in/football/commentary/_/gameId/601593 |archive-date=7 August 2021 |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> An kira shi mai farawa a wasan ƙarshe wanda Spain ta sha kashi 2-1 a Brazil.<ref name="olympic">{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Michael |date=7 August 2021 |title=Brazil vs Spain LIVE: Tokyo 2020 men's football final result and score today |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/olympics/mens-football-final-brazil-spain-live-b1898712.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807101428/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/olympics/mens-football-final-brazil-spain-live-b1898712.html |archive-date=7 August 2021 |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 2022, an ambaci Olmo a cikin tawagar Luis Enrique ta mutum 26 don [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIFA ta 2022]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2022 |title=List of called-up players for the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 |url=https://rfef.es/en/news/list-called-players-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114171331/https://rfef.es/en/news/list-called-players-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022 |archive-date=14 November 2022 |access-date=11 November 2022 |publisher=[[Royal Spanish Football Federation]]}}</ref> A wasan farko na rukuni da suka yi da Costa Rica, Olmo ya zira kwallaye na farko kuma ya taimaka wa na bakwai yayin da suka ci 7-0, ya zama babbar nasara ta Spain a gasar cin kofin duniya. Ya kuma taka leda a wasan 1-1 da aka yi da Jamus, da kuma 2-1 da aka yi wa Japan. Ya kuma fara a zagaye na 16 na Spain da Morocco, wanda Spain ta ci gaba da rasa 3-0 a kan penalties bayan 0-0 draw bayan karin lokaci. [[File:Dani_Olmo_Argentina_v_Spain_19_July_2026-151.jpg|thumb|305x305px|Olmo tare da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Spain|Spain]] da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta ƙasar Argentina|Argentina]] a Wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2026]] A ranar 7 ga Yuni 2024, an zabi Olmo a cikin tawagar mutum 26 don [[UEFA Euro 2024]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=OFFICIAL {{!}} Final Spain squad for the Euro 2024 finals {{!}} www.rfef.es/en |url=https://rfef.es/en/noticias/final-spain-squad-for-the-euro-2024-finals |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621100501/https://rfef.es/en/noticias/final-spain-squad-for-the-euro-2024-finals |archive-date=21 June 2024 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=rfef.es |language=en}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye na farko a gasar Turai a nasarar 4-1 a kan [[Georgia national football team|Georgia]] a zagaye na 16. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2024 |title=Spain defeats Georgia 4-1, advances to Euro 2024 quarterfinals |url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20240630-spain-georgia-euro-2024-quarter-finals |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630225333/https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20240630-spain-georgia-euro-2024-quarter-finals |archive-date=30 June 2024 |access-date=30 June 2024 |publisher=France 24}}</ref> A wasan kwata-kwata da Jamus ta yi da shi, an ba shi lambar yabo ta wasan, inda ya zira kwallaye kuma ya ba da taimako a nasarar 2-1 bayan karin lokaci, bayan ya maye gurbin Pedri da ya ji rauni a farkon rabin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2024 |title=Spain 2–1 Germany |url=https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/match/2036205--w39-vs-germany/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801155551/https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/match/2036205--w39-vs-germany/ |archive-date=1 August 2024 |access-date=6 July 2024 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2024 |title=How Olmo became Spain's creative force at Euro 2024 {{!}} theScore |url=https://www.thescore.com/news/2937148/how-olmo-became-spains-creative-force-at-euro-2024 |access-date=27 July 2026 |publisher=www.thescore.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2024 |title=Spain vs Germany Player of the Match: Dani Olmo |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/video/028f-1b4c2741a2e8-17c744fac711-1000--spain-vs-germany-player-of-the-match-dani-olmo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260421132058/https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/video/028f-1b4c2741a2e8-17c744fac711-1000--spain-vs-germany-player-of-the-match-dani-olmo/ |archive-date=21 April 2026 |access-date=27 July 2026 |publisher=UEFA.com |language=en}}</ref> Olmo ya zira kwallaye na uku na gasar a nasarar 2-1 a kan [[France national football team|Faransa]] a wasan kusa da na karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2024 |title=Spain 2-1 France: La Roja fight back to reach final |url=https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/news/028f-1b544afc4a71-e17794a15449-1000--spain-2-1-france-la-roja-fight-back-to-reach-final/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801155538/https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/news/028f-1b544afc4a71-e17794a15449-1000--spain-2-1-france-la-roja-fight-back-to-reach-final/ |archive-date=1 August 2024 |access-date=15 July 2024 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> A wasan [[UEFA Euro 2024 final|ƙarshe]] da ya yi da [[England national football team|Ingila]], ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar 2-1 tare da kwaskwarima a minti na 90.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-15 |title=Euro 2024 Moment of the Day: Dani 'Olmost', the last-gasp clearance that won Spain the title |url=https://www.espn.in/espn/story/_/id/40564533/euro-2024-moment-day-dani-olmo-last-gasp-goalline-clearance-seals-spain-trophy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810130554/https://www.espn.in/espn/story/_/id/40564533/euro-2024-moment-day-dani-olmo-last-gasp-goalline-clearance-seals-spain-trophy |archive-date=10 August 2024 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> Tare da kwallaye uku a gasar, an ba shi kyautar [[UEFA European Championship awards#Golden Boot|Golden Boot]] a cikin hanyar 6-way tie.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-14 |title=Kane, Olmo among 6 Euro Golden Boot winners |url=https://www.espn.com/football/story/_/id/40558317/euro-2024-golden-boot-harry-kane-dani-olmo-6-winners |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807103800/https://www.espn.com/football/story/_/id/40558317/euro-2024-golden-boot-harry-kane-dani-olmo-6-winners |archive-date=7 August 2024 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Mayu 2026, an zabi Olmo a cikin tawagar mutum 26 don gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2026. Ya ba da taimako a nasarar 2-0 a kan Faransa a wasan kusa da na karshe, ya yi rikodin taimakonsa na takwas a cikin babban gasa kuma ya daidaita rikodin da dan wasan tsakiya na Mutanen Espanya [[Cesc Fabregas]] ya kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sagar |first=Sunaadh |date=14 July 2026 |title=FIFA World Cup 2026 stats: Yamal 6 - 0 Mbappé; Spain, Simón set WC record with 6; France's 0.3 worst in 60 years |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49363150/fifa-world-cup-2026-stats-lamine-yamal-6-0-kylian-mbappe-spain-unai-simon-set-wc-record-6-france-worst-60-years |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260715163523/https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49363150/fifa-world-cup-2026-stats-lamine-yamal-6-0-kylian-mbappe-spain-unai-simon-set-wc-record-6-france-worst-60-years |archive-date=15 July 2026 |access-date=15 July 2026 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga watan Yulin, Olmo ta fara a wasan ƙarshe yayin da Spain ta doke masu kare zakarun [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta ƙasar Argentina|Argentina]] 1-0 bayan karin lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spain 1-0 Argentina: Ferran Torres scores as Spain win World Cup for second time |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cgk4ymn3n72t#Line-ups |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260726155811/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cgk4ymn3n72t#Line-ups |archive-date=26 July 2026 |access-date=2026-07-26 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Mahaifin Olmo, Miquel Olmo, tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne. A matsayinsa na dan wasan gaba, ya taka leda a kungiyoyin da ke ƙasa. Dan uwan Dani Carlos shi ma ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne kuma yana taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida; ya shafe shekaru da yawa a Croatia don ajiyar Dinamo da Lokomotiva Zagreb . Olmo yana magana da [[Yaren Sifen|Mutanen Espanya]], Katalan, [[Turanci]], [[Jamusanci]], da Croatian sosai. == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7apjwril3ixux6t4byy0fd79otll67a 975002 974999 2026-11-01T19:57:42Z Almustapha bk 49060 975002 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Daniel Olmo Carvajal'''[A] (born 7 May 1998) is a Spanish professional [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|footballer]] who plays as an [[Mai buga tsakiya|attacking midfielder]] or [[Mai buga tsakiya|left winger]] for La Liga club [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] and the [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Spain|Spain national team]]. He is known for his spatial awareness, quick scanning and tight-space dribbling. Bayan wani lokaci a La [[La Masia|Masia]], Olmo ya fara bugawa Dinamo Zagreb a Croatia a shekarar 2015. Ya buga wasanni 124 a kulob din, ya zira kwallaye 34 kuma ya lashe gasar sau biyar da kofin sau uku. A cikin 2020, ya shiga RB Leipzig, inda ya lashe DFB-Pokals biyu a cikin 2022 da 2023 da kuma DFL-Supercup na 2023, inda ya zira kwallaye, kafin ya koma kulob din Barcelona a cikin 2024. Olmo ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai ta 2019 tare da tawagar Spain ta kasa da shekara 21, da kuma lambar azurfa a Gasar Olympics ta 2020. Ya fara buga wasan farko na kasa da kasa a shekarar 2019, kuma ya kasance daga cikin kungiyoyin da suka kai wasan kusa da na karshe na UEFA Euro 2020, kuma ya lashe gasar UEFA Nations League ta 2023. Ya kasance babban memba na kungiyoyin Spain da suka lashe gasar Yuro 2024 (ya kammala a matsayin mai zira kwallaye na haɗin gwiwa) da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2026. == Ayyukan kulob din == === Farkon aiki === An haife shi a Terrassa, Barcelona, [[Katalunya|Catalonia]], Olmo ya isa makarantar matasa ta [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] yana da shekaru tara, daga makwabta Espanyol . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandey |first=Kaustubh |date=3 July 2019 |title=Lowdown on Manchester United target Dani Olmo: Scout Report |url=https://www.calciomercato.com/en/news/lowdown-on-manchester-united-target-dani-olmo-scout-report-54073 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215163625/https://www.calciomercato.com/en/news/lowdown-on-manchester-united-target-dani-olmo-scout-report-54073 |archive-date=15 December 2019 |access-date=18 August 2019 |publisher=Calcio Mercato}}</ref> === Dinamo Zagreb === A cikin wani yunkuri mai ban mamaki wanda Andy Bara ya shirya, Olmo ya shiga Dinamo Zagreb a ranar 31 ga Yulin 2014, yana da shekaru 16. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dani Olmo joins RB Leipzig from Dinamo Zagreb |url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/dani-olmo-joins-rb-leipzig-from-dinamo-zagreb-spain-midfielder-9509 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207070440/https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/dani-olmo-joins-rb-leipzig-from-dinamo-zagreb-spain-midfielder-9509 |archive-date=7 February 2021 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=www.bundesliga.com |language=en}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasan farko a kan Lokomotiva Zagreb a ranar 7 ga watan Fabrairun 2015, a matsayin mai maye gurbin Paulo Machado a minti na 76 a nasarar 2-1 a gida. A ranar 22 ga watan Satumba, ya zira kwallaye na farko a nasarar 7-1 a Oštrc Zlatar a zagaye na farko na kofin. A ranar 22 ga watan Agustan 2016, Olmo ya sanya hannu kan sabon kwangilar shekaru hudu. Ya zira kwallaye uku a wasanni hudu yayin da tawagar ta zo ta biyu a gasar cin kofin, ciki har da daya a cikin asarar 3-1 ga Rijeka a wasan ƙarshe a ranar 31 ga Mayu; kwana hudu da suka gabata ya zira kwallayen farko a gasar a cikin nasarar 5-2 a gida a kan wannan tawagar - tuni zakarun - a ranar karshe. Olmo ya ba Izet Hajrović taimako ga burin na uku kuma ya zira kwallaye na huɗu a gasar Europa League 4-1 a kan [[Fenerbahçe S.K.|Fenerbahçe]] a ranar 20 ga Satumba 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Delač |first=Hrvoje |date=20 September 2018 |title=Veličanstvena pobjeda Dinama! Fener na Maksimiru dobio četiri komada |url=https://www.vecernji.hr/sport/uzivo-dinamo-krece-u-europskoj-ligi-evo-sastava-za-fener-na-maksimiru-1271260 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813172506/https://www.vecernji.hr/sport/uzivo-dinamo-krece-u-europskoj-ligi-evo-sastava-za-fener-na-maksimiru-1271260 |archive-date=13 August 2021 |access-date=26 September 2020 |website=Večernji list |language=hr}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga watan Disamba, an kira Olmo dan wasa mafi kyau na Prva HNL na shekarar 2018.<ref name="2018POTY">{{Cite web |date=17 December 2018 |title=Dani Olmo najbolji je nogometaš godine prema izboru kapetana hrvatskih prvoligaša |url=https://www.tportal.hr/sport/clanak/dani-olmo-najbolji-je-nogometas-godine-prema-izboru-kapetana-hrvatskih-prvoligasa-20181217 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223060514/https://www.tportal.hr/sport/clanak/dani-olmo-najbolji-je-nogometas-godine-prema-izboru-kapetana-hrvatskih-prvoligasa-20181217 |archive-date=23 February 2020 |access-date=20 December 2018 |website=tportal.hr |language=hr}}</ref> A cikin wannan watan, ya kammala na 11 a kyautar Golden Boy ta ''Tuttosport'', a gaban irin su [[Kylian Mbappé]] da [[Josip Brekalo]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Olmo ispred Mbappea, Brekalo u TOP 20 najboljih U21 igrača |url=https://www.24sata.hr/sport/olmo-ispred-mbappea-brekalo-u-top-20-najboljih-u21-igraca-605160 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220230645/https://www.24sata.hr/sport/olmo-ispred-mbappea-brekalo-u-top-20-najboljih-u21-igraca-605160 |archive-date=20 December 2018 |access-date=20 December 2018 |website=www.24sata.hr |language=hr}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairun 2019, ya zira kwallaye guda daya a wasan Europa League na 32 da ya yi da Viktoria Plzeň wanda ya ƙare a cikin asarar 2-1 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=S. Š. |date=14 February 2019 |title=Razočaranom Olmu 'izletila' psovka: Pala je koncentracija, ali prolazimo |url=https://www.tportal.hr/sport/clanak/razocaranom-olmu-izletila-psovka-pala-je-koncentracija-ali-prolazimo-foto-20190214 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418033328/https://www.tportal.hr/sport/clanak/razocaranom-olmu-izletila-psovka-pala-je-koncentracija-ali-prolazimo-foto-20190214 |archive-date=18 April 2022 |access-date=26 September 2020 |website=Tportal.hr |language=hr}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Yuni, an ba shi suna mafi kyawun ɗan wasa kuma mafi kyawun ɗan wasan matasa na kakar 2018-19 Prva HNL. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2019 |title=Spaniard Dani Olmo is named player of the season in Croatia |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/international-football/2019/06/03/5cf52315268e3e690f8b45ee.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604130723/https://www.marca.com/en/football/international-football/2019/06/03/5cf52315268e3e690f8b45ee.html |archive-date=4 June 2019 |access-date=4 June 2019 |website=MARCA in English |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga watan Satumbar 2019, ya fara buga Gasar Zakarun Turai a wasan da ya ci Atalanta 4-0 a gida.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 September 2019 |title=Dinamo Zagreb–Atalanta |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/match/2027029--gnk-dinamo-vs-atalanta/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215105827/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2020/matches/round=2001140/match=2027029/ |archive-date=15 December 2019 |access-date=19 November 2019 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye na farko a gasar a ranar 22 ga Oktoba a wasan 2-2 tare da Shakhtar Donetsk.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2019 |title=Shakhtar Donetsk–Dinamo Zagreb |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/match/2027069--shakhtar-vs-gnk-dinamo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227125400/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2020/matches/round=2001140/match=2027069/ |archive-date=27 December 2019 |access-date=19 November 2019 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye guda daya da Dinamo ta ci a wasan da aka yi da Manchester City a ranar 11 ga watan Disamba, yayin da Dinamo ya gama a kasan rukuni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 December 2019 |title=Dinamo Zagreb–Manchester City |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/match/2027109--gnk-dinamo-vs-man-city/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222092611/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2020/matches/round=2001140/match=2027109/ |archive-date=22 December 2019 |access-date=18 January 2020 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2019 |title=I POBJEDNIK JE - DANI OLMO! Stiglo veliko priznanje za najskupljeg Dinamovog igrača: Najljepši potez posljednjeg kola Lige prvaka viđen je u Maksimiru |url=https://sportske.jutarnji.hr/nogomet/liga-prvaka/i-pobjednik-je-dani-olmo-stiglo-veliko-priznanje-za-najskupljeg-dinamovog-igraca-najljepsi-potez-posljednjeg-kola-lige-prvaka-viden-je-u-maksimiru/9744046/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711000313/https://sportske.jutarnji.hr/sn/nogomet/liga-prvaka/i-pobjednik-je-dani-olmo-stiglo-veliko-priznanje-za-najskupljeg-dinamovog-igraca-najljepsi-potez-posljednjeg-kola-lige-prvaka-viden-je-u-maksimiru-9744046 |archive-date=11 July 2024 |access-date=18 January 2020 |website=Sportske novosti |language=hr}}</ref> === RB Leipzig === [[File:2022-07-30_Fußball,_Männer,_DFL-Supercup,_RB_Leipzig_-_FC_Bayern_München_1DX_3277_by_Stepro.jpg|thumb|Olmo (dama) da [[Serge Gnabry]] na [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] a cikin 2022 DFL-Supercup]] A ranar 25 ga watan Janairun 2020, Olmo ya koma kulob din Bundesliga RB Leipzig, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru hudu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2020 |title=Dani Olmo verstärkt RB Leipzig! |url=https://www.dierotenbullen.com/de/aktuelles/neuigkeiten/Saison_2019_20/Neuzugang-Dani-Olmo.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206232533/https://www.dierotenbullen.com/de/aktuelles/neuigkeiten/Saison_2019_20/Neuzugang-Dani-Olmo.html |archive-date=6 February 2021 |access-date=25 January 2020 |website=dierotenbullen.com |publisher=RB Leipzig |language=de}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Ya fara bugawa mako guda bayan haka, a wasan 2-2 tare da Borussia Mönchengladbach, yana zuwa ga Tyler Adams a minti na 69. A ranar 4 ga watan Fabrairu ya zira kwallaye guda daya a wasan 3-1 na DFB-Pokal da aka yi wa Eintracht Frankfurt, bayan ya zo ga [[Amadou Haidara]] a rabin lokaci. Olmo ya fara bugawa Leipzig wasa na farko a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu 2020, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dani Olmo: From Prospect to Serial Title Winner |url=https://rbleipzig.com/en/news/dani-olmo-look-back-rb-leipzig-stats-achievements |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250527152749/https://rbleipzig.com/en/news/dani-olmo-look-back-rb-leipzig-stats-achievements |archive-date=27 May 2025 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=rbleipzig.com}}</ref> a wasan da ya yi da [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] wanda ya ƙare a matsayin zane ba tare da kwallo ba, ya fito ga [[Patrik Schick]] a minti na 69. <ref>{{Cite web |title=RB Leipzig's Dani Olmo: "Bundesliga one of the best leagues in the world" |url=https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/dani-olmo-bundesliga-one-of-the-best-leagues-in-the-world-rb-leipzig-9911 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250527152749/https://www.bundesliga.com/en/bundesliga/news/dani-olmo-bundesliga-one-of-the-best-leagues-in-the-world-rb-leipzig-9911 |archive-date=27 May 2025 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=www.bundesliga.com |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Yuni, ya zira kwallaye biyu a nasarar 2-0 a kan 1899 Hoffenheim . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Olmo poludio! U dvije minute strpao dva lijepa gola za pobjedu Leipziga |url=https://gol.dnevnik.hr/clanak/rubrika/nogomet/olmo-zabio-dva-gola-u-dvije-minute---609055.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612213748/https://gol.dnevnik.hr/clanak/rubrika/nogomet/olmo-zabio-dva-gola-u-dvije-minute---609055.html |archive-date=12 June 2020 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=Gol.hr |language=hr}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, ya zira kwallaye na farko a nasarar 2-1 a kan [[Atlético Madrid|Atletico Madrid]] a Estádio José Alvalade, yayin da Leipzig ta ci gaba zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar zakarun Turai a karo na farko a tarihin kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 August 2020 |title=Dani Olmo zabio, RB Leipzig eliminirao Atletico Madrid za polufinale Lige prvaka! |url=https://gol.dnevnik.hr/clanak/rubrika/nogomet/liga-prvaka-cetvrtfinale-atletico-protiv-rb-leipziga-lovi-polufinale---616568.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929145715/https://gol.dnevnik.hr/clanak/rubrika/nogomet/liga-prvaka-cetvrtfinale-atletico-protiv-rb-leipziga-lovi-polufinale---616568.html |archive-date=29 September 2020 |access-date=13 August 2020 |website=Gol.hr |language=hr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=JL. |date=13 August 2020 |title=Dani Olmo sjajno pogodio u povijesnoj pobjedi Leipziga! Nijemci srušili Atletico u samoj završnici |url=https://sportske.jutarnji.hr/sn/nogomet/liga-prvaka/dani-olmo-sjajno-pogodio-u-povijesnoj-pobjedi-leipziga-nijemci-srusili-atletico-u-samoj-zavrsnici-15013437 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831190651/https://sportske.jutarnji.hr/sn/nogomet/liga-prvaka/video-dani-olmo-sjajno-pogodio-u-povijesnoj-pobjedi-leipziga-nijemci-srusili-atletico-u-samoj-zavrsnici-15013437 |archive-date=31 August 2021 |access-date=13 August 2020 |website=Sportske novosti |language=hr}}</ref> [[File:Dani_Olmo_2022.jpg|thumb|305x305px|Olmo a cikin 2022]] Olmo ya buga wasanni hudu a nasarar RB Leipzig a DFB-Pokal a 2021-22, inda ya ci kwallaye don kammala nasarar 2-0 a gida a kan Hansa Rostock a cikin 16 na karshe a ranar 19 ga Janairu. Ya kasance mai maye gurbin [[Kevin Kampl]] a minti na 69 a wasan ƙarshe a ranar 21 ga Mayu, kuma ya zira kwallaye a wasan da aka yi bayan 1-1 tare da [[SC Freiburg]]; tare da minti biyu na karin lokaci da ya rage, Nicolas Höfler ya kama shi a yankin kisa kuma an kori Kampl daga benci na maye gurbin don neman kisa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AFP |date=2022-05-22 |title=RB Leipzig win first German Cup trophy {{!}} New Straits Times |url=https://www.nst.com.my/sports/football/2022/05/798291/rb-leipzig-win-first-german-cup-trophy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007174252/https://www.nst.com.my/sports/football/2022/05/798291/rb-leipzig-win-first-german-cup-trophy |archive-date=7 October 2022 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=NST Online |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga watan Yulin, kuma a Kampl, ya zira kwallaye na ta'aziyya a cikin asarar 5-3 ga Bayern Munich a cikin DFL-Supercup na 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-30 |title=Mane on target as five-star Bayern Munich down RB Leipzig to win DFL-Supercup |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/bundesliga/2022/07/30/62e5930ce2704e14448b45f6.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007174248/https://www.marca.com/en/football/bundesliga/2022/07/30/62e5930ce2704e14448b45f6.html |archive-date=7 October 2022 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=MARCA |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga watan Agustan 2023, Olmo ya zira kwallaye a DFL-Supercup da Bayern Munich, inda ya ba da kwallaye kawai da aka zira a wasan. === Komawa zuwa Barcelona === ==== Lokacin 2024-25 ==== A ranar 9 ga watan Agustan 2024, Olmo ya koma kungiyar matasa ta Barcelona, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru shida a cikin yarjejeniyar da aka ruwaito ta kai kimanin Yuro miliyan 60.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FC Barcelona sign Dani Olmo |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/4078339/fc-barcelona-sign-dani-olmo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250726021710/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/4078339/fc-barcelona-sign-dani-olmo |archive-date=26 July 2025 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=www.fcbarcelona.com |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga watan Agustan 2024, bayan ya rasa wasannin da ya yi da [[Valencia CF|Valencia]] da Athletic Bilbao saboda bai iya yin rajista ba saboda matsalolin albashi, Olmo ya fara bugawa. Ya fito daga benci don maye gurbin [[Ferran Torres]] a kan [[Rayo Vallecano]] a rabi na biyu kuma ya zira kwallaye masu nasara a minti na 82, ya ba kulob dinsa nasara 1-2. A ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, bayan ya dawo daga rauni, Olmo ya zira kwallaye na huɗu da na biyar a wasanni biyar na Barcelona a nasarar 3-1 a kan Espanyol . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-27 |title=Olmo seals Barca win with goal in 'dream debut' |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/41018984/dani-olmo-barcelona-win-goal-dream-return |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241110090559/https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/41018984/dani-olmo-barcelona-win-goal-dream-return |archive-date=10 November 2024 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Barcelona 3-1 Espanyol (3 Nov, 2024) Game Analysis - ESPN (UK) |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/report/_/gameId/704773 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220161226/https://www.espn.co.uk/football/report/_/gameId/704773 |archive-date=20 February 2025 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga watan Nuwamba, ya zira kwallaye na farko na gasar zakarun Turai na Barcelona a nasarar 3-0 a kan Brest.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Iveson |first=Ali |date=26 November 2024 |title=Barcelona 3-0 Stade Brestois - Robert Lewandowski scores 100th UEFA Champions League goal in comfortable win |url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/champions-league/2024-2025/barcelona-v-brest-uefa-champions-league-live_sto10402005/story.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250106140024/https://www.eurosport.com/geoblocking.shtml |archive-date=6 January 2025 |access-date=27 November 2024 |publisher=Eurosport}}</ref> Saboda gazawar Barcelona na yin rajista da shi da abokin aikinsa Pau Víctor a cikin lokaci don 2025, Olmo yana da zaɓi na zama wakilin kyauta kuma zai iya tattaunawa da kowane kulob.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanderson |first=Tom |title=FC Barcelona Could Lose $273 Million In Olmo Registration Debacle |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomsanderson/2025/01/01/fc-barcelona-could-lose-273-million-in-olmo-registration-debacle/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250102073235/https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomsanderson/2025/01/01/fc-barcelona-could-lose-273-million-in-olmo-registration-debacle/ |archive-date=2 January 2025 |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=[[Forbes]] |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya, Consejo Superior de Deportes ya amince da rajistar Olmo da Pau Víctor a ranar 8 ga Janairun 2025, ma'ana cewa 'yan wasan biyu zasu iya buga wa kulob din wasa a La Liga, UEFA Champions League, Copa del Rey, da kuma Supercopa de España na karshe da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dani Olmo and Pau Víctor registered for La Liga |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4196546/dani-olmo-and-pau-victor-registered-for-la-liga |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114125011/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4196546/dani-olmo-and-pau-victor-registered-for-la-liga |archive-date=14 January 2025 |access-date=2025-01-08 |publisher=[[FC Barcelona]] |language=en}}</ref> ==== Lokacin 2025-26 ==== Olmo ya zira kwallaye na farko na kakar a ranar 21 ga Satumba 2025 a cikin nasarar 3-0 a kan [[Getafe CF|Getafe]] a La Liga, inda ya kuma taimaka wa burin farko ga [[Ferran Torres]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=La Liga Round 5 - Barca vs Girona |url=https://www.fotmob.com/en-GB/matches/getafe-vs-barcelona/2dfbe4 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106075936/https://www.fotmob.com/en-GB/matches/getafe-vs-barcelona/2dfbe4 |archive-date=6 January 2026 |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=Fotmob}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2025, bayan da ya zira kwallaye a wasan La Liga da [[Atlético Madrid|Atletico Madrid]], Olmo ya sauka a ƙasa kuma daga baya aka maye gurbinsa. Daga baya aka tabbatar da cewa ya karye kafadarsa kuma zai kasance a waje na kimanin wata daya.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Dani Olmo has a dislocated shoulder |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/4413539/dani-olmo-has-a-dislocated-shoulder |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251216094334/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/4413539/dani-olmo-has-a-dislocated-shoulder |archive-date=16 December 2025 |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=FC Barcelona}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == === Ƙungiyoyin matasa === Olmo was part of the Spanish squad at the 2015 European Under-17 Championship in [[Bulgeriya|Bulgaria]]; he netted in the penalty shoot-out as they were eliminated by Germany in the quarter-finals, but then had his attempt saved by Will Huffer as Spain lost to England by the same means in a play-off for that year's World Cup for the category.<ref>{{Cite web |title=England see off Spain from the spot to seal World Cup berth |url=http://www.thefa.com/news/2015/may/19/england-v-spain-u17-world-cup-play-off-match-19052015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119222747/https://www.thefa.com/news/2015/may/19/england-v-spain-u17-world-cup-play-off-match-19052015 |archive-date=19 January 2021 |access-date=20 June 2020}}</ref> Towards the end of 2017, Dinamo Zagreb director Tomislav Svetina said that the club was doing all it could to get the teenager Croatian citizenship as Olmo himself showed a desire to switch to Croatia at the international level.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 December 2017 |title=Spanish Teenage Talent Wants to Play for Croatia |url=https://www.croatiaweek.com/spanish-teenage-talent-wants-to-play-for-croatia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821031740/https://www.croatiaweek.com/spanish-teenage-talent-wants-to-play-for-croatia/ |archive-date=21 August 2018 |access-date=20 August 2018}}</ref> However, in October 2018, he made his debut for the Spain U21 side.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2021}} Olmo na daga cikin tawagar Spain da ta ƙarshe gasar zakarun Turai ta kasa da shekaru 21 ta 2019 a Italiya da [[San Marino]], inda ta buga wasanni hudu, ta taimaka wa kwallo daya kuma ta zira kwallaye uku, ciki har da daya a wasan karshe wanda ya sa aka kira shi Man of the Match. === Babban rukuni === [[File:Dani_Olmo_France_v_Spain_7.24.26-217.jpg|thumb|305x305px|Olmo yana wasa da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Spain|Spain]] da Faransa a wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2026.2026 FIFA World Cup semi-final]] Olmo ya sami kira na farko na manyan 'yan wasa a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2019, don cancantar Euro 2020 da Malta da Romania, bayan Spain ta riga ta cancanci gasar. Ya fara ne a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba a matsayin mai maye gurbin [[Álvaro Morata]] a minti na 66 kuma ya zira kwallaye uku daga baya a nasarar da aka yi a gida 7-0 a kan Malta. Abokin wasan farko Pau Torres ya zira kwallaye, yana mai da shi karo na farko da 'yan Spain biyu suka zira kwallayen su na farko a cikin shekaru 30. A ranar 24 ga Mayu 2021, an haɗa Olmo a cikin tawagar [[Luis Enrique]] ta mutum 24 don UEFA Euro 2020. A ranar 28 ga Yuni, a cikin karin lokaci na zagaye na 16 da Croatia, ya ba Morata da Mikel Oyarzabal taimako don saita ci a 4-3 da 5-3 bi da bi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2021 |title=Enriqueov joker zovi: Dani Olmo ubilježio je dvije ključne asistencije protiv Hrvatske |url=https://telesport.telegram.hr/na-prvu/enriqueov-joker-zovi-dani-olmo-ubiljezio-je-dvije-kljucne-asistencije-protiv-hrvatske/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184643/https://telesport.telegram.hr/na-prvu/enriqueov-joker-zovi-dani-olmo-ubiljezio-je-dvije-kljucne-asistencije-protiv-hrvatske/ |archive-date=9 July 2021 |access-date=6 July 2021 |website=Telesport |language=hr}}</ref> A ranar 2 ga watan Yulin, bayan wasan kusa da na karshe 1-1 tare da Switzerland ya tafi harbi, Olmo ya samu nasarar canza shi yayin da Spain ta ci 3-1.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kunić |first=Esmir |date=2 July 2021 |title=Španija nakon penala savladala Švicarsku i izborila polufinale Eura |url=https://ba.n1info.com/sport-klub/nogomet/spanija-nakon-penala-savladala-svicarsku-i-izborila-polufinale-eura/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702185019/https://ba.n1info.com/sport-klub/nogomet/spanija-nakon-penala-savladala-svicarsku-i-izborila-polufinale-eura/ |archive-date=2 July 2021 |access-date=6 July 2021 |website=N1 |language=bs-BA}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga watan Yulin, a wasan kusa da na karshe da ya yi da [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar ƙasa ta Italiya|Italiya]], ya ba Morata taimako ga mai daidaitawa; duk da haka, wani 1-1 draw ya tafi wani harbi tare da Olmo ya rasa hukuncinsa kuma Italiya ta lashe 4-2.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 July 2021 |title=Italija u finalu, Olmo i Morata tragičari Furije! |url=https://sportklub.hr/euro-2020/vijesti-euro-2020/italija-u-finalu-olmo-i-morata-tragicari-furije/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184351/https://sportklub.hr/euro-2020/vijesti-euro-2020/italija-u-finalu-olmo-i-morata-tragicari-furije/ |archive-date=9 July 2021 |access-date=6 July 2021 |website=Sportklub |language=hr}}</ref> An haɗa Olmo a cikin tawagar Luis de la Fuente ta mutum 22 don Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2020, a ranar 29 ga Yuni 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2021 |title=Spain names men's football squad for Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games |url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/en/news/spain-names-men-s-football-squad-for-tokyo-2020-olympic-games |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722094130/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/en/news/spain-names-men-s-football-squad-for-tokyo-2020-olympic-games |archive-date=22 July 2021 |access-date=22 July 2021 |publisher=[[International Olympic Committee]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-29 |title=Sergio Ramos left out of Spain's Olympics squad too |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/spanish-football/2021/06/29/60db07f022601df6428b4634.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250527223154/https://www.marca.com/en/football/spanish-football/2021/06/29/60db07f022601df6428b4634.html |archive-date=27 May 2025 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=MARCA |language=en}}</ref> A kan hanyar Spain zuwa azurfa ta Olympics, Olmo ya ba da gudummawa a cikin 1-1 draw tare da Argentina, da kuma burin da taimako a cikin nasarar 5-2 a kan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafar Ivory Coast ta Kasa da Shekaru 23|Ivory Coast]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2021 |title=Spain U23 vs. Argentina U23 - Football Match Commentary |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/commentary/_/gameId/601596 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807143109/https://www.espn.com/soccer/commentary/_/gameId/601596 |archive-date=7 August 2021 |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2021 |title=Spain U23 vs. Ivory Coast U23 - Football Match Commentary |url=https://www.espn.in/football/commentary/_/gameId/601593 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807143110/https://www.espn.in/football/commentary/_/gameId/601593 |archive-date=7 August 2021 |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> An kira shi mai farawa a wasan ƙarshe wanda Spain ta sha kashi 2-1 a Brazil.<ref name="olympic">{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Michael |date=7 August 2021 |title=Brazil vs Spain LIVE: Tokyo 2020 men's football final result and score today |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/olympics/mens-football-final-brazil-spain-live-b1898712.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807101428/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/olympics/mens-football-final-brazil-spain-live-b1898712.html |archive-date=7 August 2021 |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 2022, an ambaci Olmo a cikin tawagar Luis Enrique ta mutum 26 don [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIFA ta 2022]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2022 |title=List of called-up players for the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 |url=https://rfef.es/en/news/list-called-players-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114171331/https://rfef.es/en/news/list-called-players-fifa-world-cup-qatar-2022 |archive-date=14 November 2022 |access-date=11 November 2022 |publisher=[[Royal Spanish Football Federation]]}}</ref> A wasan farko na rukuni da suka yi da Costa Rica, Olmo ya zira kwallaye na farko kuma ya taimaka wa na bakwai yayin da suka ci 7-0, ya zama babbar nasara ta Spain a gasar cin kofin duniya. Ya kuma taka leda a wasan 1-1 da aka yi da Jamus, da kuma 2-1 da aka yi wa Japan. Ya kuma fara a zagaye na 16 na Spain da Morocco, wanda Spain ta ci gaba da rasa 3-0 a kan penalties bayan 0-0 draw bayan karin lokaci. [[File:Dani_Olmo_Argentina_v_Spain_19_July_2026-151.jpg|thumb|305x305px|Olmo tare da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Spain|Spain]] da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta ƙasar Argentina|Argentina]] a Wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2026]] A ranar 7 ga Yuni 2024, an zabi Olmo a cikin tawagar mutum 26 don [[UEFA Euro 2024]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=OFFICIAL {{!}} Final Spain squad for the Euro 2024 finals {{!}} www.rfef.es/en |url=https://rfef.es/en/noticias/final-spain-squad-for-the-euro-2024-finals |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621100501/https://rfef.es/en/noticias/final-spain-squad-for-the-euro-2024-finals |archive-date=21 June 2024 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=rfef.es |language=en}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye na farko a gasar Turai a nasarar 4-1 a kan [[Georgia national football team|Georgia]] a zagaye na 16. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2024 |title=Spain defeats Georgia 4-1, advances to Euro 2024 quarterfinals |url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20240630-spain-georgia-euro-2024-quarter-finals |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240630225333/https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20240630-spain-georgia-euro-2024-quarter-finals |archive-date=30 June 2024 |access-date=30 June 2024 |publisher=France 24}}</ref> A wasan kwata-kwata da Jamus ta yi da shi, an ba shi lambar yabo ta wasan, inda ya zira kwallaye kuma ya ba da taimako a nasarar 2-1 bayan karin lokaci, bayan ya maye gurbin Pedri da ya ji rauni a farkon rabin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2024 |title=Spain 2–1 Germany |url=https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/match/2036205--w39-vs-germany/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801155551/https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/match/2036205--w39-vs-germany/ |archive-date=1 August 2024 |access-date=6 July 2024 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2024 |title=How Olmo became Spain's creative force at Euro 2024 {{!}} theScore |url=https://www.thescore.com/news/2937148/how-olmo-became-spains-creative-force-at-euro-2024 |access-date=27 July 2026 |publisher=www.thescore.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2024 |title=Spain vs Germany Player of the Match: Dani Olmo |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/video/028f-1b4c2741a2e8-17c744fac711-1000--spain-vs-germany-player-of-the-match-dani-olmo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260421132058/https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/video/028f-1b4c2741a2e8-17c744fac711-1000--spain-vs-germany-player-of-the-match-dani-olmo/ |archive-date=21 April 2026 |access-date=27 July 2026 |publisher=UEFA.com |language=en}}</ref> Olmo ya zira kwallaye na uku na gasar a nasarar 2-1 a kan [[France national football team|Faransa]] a wasan kusa da na karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2024 |title=Spain 2-1 France: La Roja fight back to reach final |url=https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/news/028f-1b544afc4a71-e17794a15449-1000--spain-2-1-france-la-roja-fight-back-to-reach-final/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801155538/https://www.uefa.com/euro2024/news/028f-1b544afc4a71-e17794a15449-1000--spain-2-1-france-la-roja-fight-back-to-reach-final/ |archive-date=1 August 2024 |access-date=15 July 2024 |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> A wasan [[UEFA Euro 2024 final|ƙarshe]] da ya yi da [[England national football team|Ingila]], ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar 2-1 tare da kwaskwarima a minti na 90.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-15 |title=Euro 2024 Moment of the Day: Dani 'Olmost', the last-gasp clearance that won Spain the title |url=https://www.espn.in/espn/story/_/id/40564533/euro-2024-moment-day-dani-olmo-last-gasp-goalline-clearance-seals-spain-trophy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810130554/https://www.espn.in/espn/story/_/id/40564533/euro-2024-moment-day-dani-olmo-last-gasp-goalline-clearance-seals-spain-trophy |archive-date=10 August 2024 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> Tare da kwallaye uku a gasar, an ba shi kyautar [[UEFA European Championship awards#Golden Boot|Golden Boot]] a cikin hanyar 6-way tie.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-14 |title=Kane, Olmo among 6 Euro Golden Boot winners |url=https://www.espn.com/football/story/_/id/40558317/euro-2024-golden-boot-harry-kane-dani-olmo-6-winners |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807103800/https://www.espn.com/football/story/_/id/40558317/euro-2024-golden-boot-harry-kane-dani-olmo-6-winners |archive-date=7 August 2024 |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Mayu 2026, an zabi Olmo a cikin tawagar mutum 26 don gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2026. Ya ba da taimako a nasarar 2-0 a kan Faransa a wasan kusa da na karshe, ya yi rikodin taimakonsa na takwas a cikin babban gasa kuma ya daidaita rikodin da dan wasan tsakiya na Mutanen Espanya [[Cesc Fabregas]] ya kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sagar |first=Sunaadh |date=14 July 2026 |title=FIFA World Cup 2026 stats: Yamal 6 - 0 Mbappé; Spain, Simón set WC record with 6; France's 0.3 worst in 60 years |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49363150/fifa-world-cup-2026-stats-lamine-yamal-6-0-kylian-mbappe-spain-unai-simon-set-wc-record-6-france-worst-60-years |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260715163523/https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49363150/fifa-world-cup-2026-stats-lamine-yamal-6-0-kylian-mbappe-spain-unai-simon-set-wc-record-6-france-worst-60-years |archive-date=15 July 2026 |access-date=15 July 2026 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga watan Yulin, Olmo ta fara a wasan ƙarshe yayin da Spain ta doke masu kare zakarun [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta ƙasar Argentina|Argentina]] 1-0 bayan karin lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spain 1-0 Argentina: Ferran Torres scores as Spain win World Cup for second time |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cgk4ymn3n72t#Line-ups |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260726155811/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cgk4ymn3n72t#Line-ups |archive-date=26 July 2026 |access-date=2026-07-26 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Mahaifin Olmo, Miquel Olmo, tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne. A matsayinsa na dan wasan gaba, ya taka leda a kungiyoyin da ke ƙasa. Dan uwan Dani Carlos shi ma ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne kuma yana taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida; ya shafe shekaru da yawa a Croatia don ajiyar Dinamo da Lokomotiva Zagreb . Olmo yana magana da [[Yaren Sifen|Mutanen Espanya]], Katalan, [[Turanci]], [[Jamusanci]], da Croatian sosai. == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9fnmka2bvptyisp7o6wz7gg58gmwrxd 0 45811 974821 722954 2026-11-01T15:53:22Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974821 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Портрет Євгена Хмари.jpg|thumb|Evgeny Khmara]] [[Fayil:Портрет Євгена Хмари.jpg|thumb|Hoton mawaki Evgeny Khmara kuma makadin piano daga kasar Ukraine]]  {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Evgeny Khmara''' ( Ukraine <nowiki>;</nowiki> an haife shi a ranar 10 gawatan Maris shekarar 1988) mawaki ne kuma makadin piano ɗan ƙasar Ukraine. == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Evgeny Khmara a ranar 10 ga watan Maris shekarar 1988, a [[Kiev|Kyiv]]. Yana da ƙanwa mai suna Victoria. Tun yana ƙarami ya kasance mai sha'awar jirage da kade-kade. Ya samu karfin guiwa daga wani jirgin ƙasa, a lokacin yana ɗan shekaru 7 ya rubuta waƙoƙin kiɗan sa na farko na piano. Daga 1994 zuwa 2003 ya yi karatu a makarantar kiɗa. Daga shekarar 2004 ya fara aiki a masana'antar kiɗa. A shekarar 2005, ya halarci bude taro na Jaguar Motor Show. Yayin da yake ci gaba da aikinsa na waka, ya yi karatu a Ukrainian Academy of Business and Entrepreneurship (UABP), [[Kiev|Kyiv]] (2005-2010). Daga 2010 Evgeny ya fara yin shirye-shiryen piano ga taurarin ƴan kasuwa na kasar Ukraine. A cikin shekara ta 2012 ya zama dan wasan da ya lashe gasar Ukraine Got Talent . Daga 2012 zuwa 2018 ya kasance yana aiki a matsayin babban mawaƙin X-Factor . A shekara ta 2014, Khmara ya ziyarci fadar [[White House]] a matsayin jakadan al'adu na Ukraine. A cikin watan Disamban 2014, ya halarci taron bude Maserati Motor Show akan [[Cyprus]] . A cikin watan Disamban 2018, an gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo na solo " ''30'' ", a fadar Ukraine, [[Kiev|Kyiv]] . Shirin ya samu halartar 'yan kallo 3,900. Mawaka 130 ne suka yi wasa a dandalin. Mawaƙin Ukrainian Oleg Vinnik ya zama babban baƙo a shirin Khmara ya yi aiki tare da Volvo Cars don samar da waka ga aikin "'Yancin zirga-zirga. 'Yancin kirkira" - ''Freedom to move. Freedom to create'' A yau, Evgeny yana aiki a tsakanin Ukraine da kuma kasashen waje, yana kaddamar da kide-kide sannan kuma yana haɗin gwiwa tare da sauran mawaka. == Ayyukan sadaka da zamantakewa == Evgeny yana tallafawa ayyukan zamantakewa da na agaji da kuma ci gaban al'adu na yara masu basira. Mahalarta bikin ba da agaji na shekara-shekara "Don cimma Buri". Tun 2017, tare da goyon bayan kungiyar "Child UA" Evgeny yana gudanar wasanni 5 na wakoki ga yara acikin fasaha, wasanni ga nakasassu daban-daban. Lokacin da Evgeny ya kunna kiɗansa - yara suna kwantar da hankali, shakatawa kuma suna jin daɗin wasanninsa. Evgeny memba ne mai aiki kuma mai sa kai na tafiyar "Autism Friendly Space". == Girmamawa da kyaututtuka == [[File:У_2013_році_отримав_Голівудську_премію_імпровізаторів.jpg|alt=Dimitry Tiomkin Award|thumb| Dimitry Tiomkin Award (2013)]] Kyautar Shugaban Kasa da Tallafin Karatu daga Gidauniyar Fata mai Kyau don nasarori na musamman a fagen kiɗan a 2001. Kyautar Dimitri Tiomkin don ƙware lwa a wasan piano a ranar 18 Afrilu 2013, Bikin Jazz na Duniya.<ref>Volvo Cars Ukraine together with pianist and composer Yevhen Khmara present the project "Freedom to move. Freedom to create"". Volvo Cars. 4 March 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2022.</ref> 2012 - Yamaha Artist == Wakokinsa == * 2001: Haɗin gwiwa zuwa wasan kwaikwayon Didier Marouani ( Sarari ) a "Wasanni Tavria".<ref>{{Citation|last=Evgeny Khmara|title=Didier Marouani & Space - Magic Fly (with Evgeny Khmara) - Tavria Games 2001|date=2011-11-23|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCSSlv5QrVU|access-date=2019-05-14}}</ref> Wasan kwaikwayo a wasan kwaikwayo na Space da ake kira "Symphonic Space Dream" a cikin Fadar Ukraine. * 2004: Ayyuka a tsakiyar tsakiyar Dnipro tare da band Space . * 2006: Wasan kwaikwayo a Fadar Kremlin a [[Moscow]] a wasan kwaikwayo na Space . * 2011: Haɗin kai tare da [[Oleh Skrypka|Oleg Skrypka]] a cikin aikin "Ukrainian Vechornytsi". Haɗin kai tare da mawaƙa Sonique . * 2013: Tare da mawaƙa na Ukrainian [[Oleh Skrypka|Oleg Skripka]] da Valeria a wasan kwaikwayon " Muryar Ukraine ".<ref>{{Citation|last=Valeriya|title=Валерия и Олег Скрипка - дуэт на шоу "Голос страны-2"|date=2012-03-18|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1Y2C2iqNIc|access-date=2019-05-14}}</ref> * 2014: Haɗin kai tare da mawaƙin Italiyanci Pupo . * 2015: A Autumn'15 gabatar da show "Znamenie" (Turanci: ''The Sign'' ) a [[Kiev|Kyiv]], a Oktoba Palace, tare da sa hannu na Didier Marouani.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bestin.ua/event/znamenie-pervoe-bolshoe-shou-pianista-evgeniya-xmary/|title=Znamenie: первое большое шоу пианиста Евгения Хмары|date=2015-10-26|website=BESTIN.UA|language=ru-RU|access-date=2019-05-14|archive-date=2019-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115113911/http://bestin.ua/event/znamenie-pervoe-bolshoe-shou-pianista-evgeniya-xmary/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zefir.ua/news/965-k-evgeniyu-hmare-edet-dide-maruani-space.html|title=К Евгению Хмаре едет Дидье Маруани (Space)|date=2015-08-11|website=Zefir.ua|language=ru-RU|access-date=2019-05-14|archive-date=2016-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822080425/https://zefir.ua/news/965-k-evgeniyu-hmare-edet-dide-maruani-space.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2016: Haɗin kai tare da Alessandro Safina a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin kide-kide a [[Kiev|Kyiv]] . * 2019: Rikodin haɗin gwiwa guda ɗaya tare da [[Kazka]], wanda aka gabatar a watan Afrilu 2019 a wasan kwaikwayon talabijin "Maraice na farko tare da Katerina Osadchа". == Wakoki == === Albums na Studio === * ''Tatsuniya'' (2013) * ''Znamenie'' (Turanci: ''Alamar'' ) (2015) * ''Farin Piano'' (2016) * ''Dabarun Rayuwa'' (2018) * ''<nowiki/>'Yancin motsi'' (2020) * ''Horizon Event'' (2022) === Waka === * Mafarkin Astral (2015) * ''A cikin Sky'' (2020) == Shirye-shiryen Bidiyo == * ''Yayin da take barci]'', sakin shirin bidiyo na farko (2012) * Agogon sihiri] (2013) * ''Nuwamba'' (2017) * ''Tausayi'' (2017) * ''Pianist a cikin garin fatalwa'', an yi fim ɗin aikin bidiyo a cikin matattu birnin Pripyat a cikin tunawa da bala'in Chernobyl (2017) * ''Taya murna ga Ukraine a ranar 26th ranar tunawa da Independence'', aikin bidiyo akan Ranar Independence na Ukraine (2017) * ''Lifeline'', aikin bidiyo da aka sadaukar da aikin "Ƙasa mai ban mamaki" (2018) * ''Znamenie'' da ''Wheel of Life'' an yi fim a kan ƙasa kuma a cikin babban ginin Jami'ar Igor Sikorsky, jerin shirye-shiryen bidiyo da aka harbe don aikin Bude Ukraine (2018) * ''filayen bazara'', aikin bidiyo da aka keɓe ga aikin "Buɗe Ukraine ta kiɗa" (2019) * ''Saki'', aikin bidiyo da aka yi a Faransa a CHÂTEAU DE CHALLAIN-LA-POTHERIE (2019) * ''A cikin Sky'', aikin bidiyo da aka harbe a cikin Alps a tsayin mita 2 000 sama da teku (2020) * ''Duniyar Mars.'' ''Waƙoƙin kan layi na farko daga duniyar Mars'' An harbe shi a Petra, [[Jodan|Jordan]] (2021) == Ayyukan TV == A cikin 2012, dan wasan da ya lashe wasan kwaikwayo na TV na Ukraine Got Talent . A cikin 2013, ya shiga aikin TV [[:uk:Куб (шоу)|KUB]] . Tsakanin shekarun 2014 da 2018 mawaƙin X-Factor . A shekara ta 2017, maraice na ƙungiyar makaɗa da wasan solo na X-Factor . A Fabrairu 2018, ya shiga shirin talabijin "The Great Spring Concert". A shekara ta 2019, ya shiga wasan kwaikwayon telebijun "Maraice Farko tare da Katerina Osadchа" a tashar 1+1 . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haihuwan 1988]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mkll8gnivk8b3y3a17zbtntr9gak2nz 974822 974821 2026-11-01T15:53:34Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974822 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Портрет Євгена Хмари.jpg|thumb|Evgeny Khmara]] [[Fayil:Портрет Євгена Хмари.jpg|thumb|Hoton mawaki Evgeny Khmara kuma makadin piano daga kasar Ukraine]]  {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Evgeny Khmara''' ( Ukraine <nowiki>;</nowiki> an haife shi a ranar 10 gawatan Maris shekarar 1988) mawaki ne kuma makadin piano ɗan ƙasar Ukraine. == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Evgeny Khmara a ranar 10 ga watan Maris shekarar 1988, a [[Kiev|Kyiv]]. Yana da ƙanwa mai suna Victoria. Tun yana ƙarami ya kasance mai sha'awar jirage da kade-kade. Ya samu karfin guiwa daga wani jirgin ƙasa, a lokacin yana ɗan shekaru 7 ya rubuta waƙoƙin kiɗan sa na farko na piano. Daga 1994 zuwa 2003 ya yi karatu a makarantar kiɗa. Daga shekarar 2004 ya fara aiki a masana'antar kiɗa. A shekarar 2005, ya halarci bude taro na Jaguar Motor Show. Yayin da yake ci gaba da aikinsa na waka, ya yi karatu a Ukrainian Academy of Business and Entrepreneurship (UABP), [[Kiev|Kyiv]] (2005-2010). Daga 2010 Evgeny ya fara yin shirye-shiryen piano ga taurarin ƴan kasuwa na kasar Ukraine. A cikin shekara ta 2012 ya zama dan wasan da ya lashe gasar Ukraine Got Talent . Daga 2012 zuwa 2018 ya kasance yana aiki a matsayin babban mawaƙin X-Factor . A shekara ta 2014, Khmara ya ziyarci fadar [[White House]] a matsayin jakadan al'adu na Ukraine. A cikin watan Disamban shekarar 2014, ya halarci taron bude Maserati Motor Show akan [[Cyprus]] . A cikin watan Disamban 2018, an gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo na solo " ''30'' ", a fadar Ukraine, [[Kiev|Kyiv]] . Shirin ya samu halartar 'yan kallo 3,900. Mawaka 130 ne suka yi wasa a dandalin. Mawaƙin Ukrainian Oleg Vinnik ya zama babban baƙo a shirin Khmara ya yi aiki tare da Volvo Cars don samar da waka ga aikin "'Yancin zirga-zirga. 'Yancin kirkira" - ''Freedom to move. Freedom to create'' A yau, Evgeny yana aiki a tsakanin Ukraine da kuma kasashen waje, yana kaddamar da kide-kide sannan kuma yana haɗin gwiwa tare da sauran mawaka. == Ayyukan sadaka da zamantakewa == Evgeny yana tallafawa ayyukan zamantakewa da na agaji da kuma ci gaban al'adu na yara masu basira. Mahalarta bikin ba da agaji na shekara-shekara "Don cimma Buri". Tun 2017, tare da goyon bayan kungiyar "Child UA" Evgeny yana gudanar wasanni 5 na wakoki ga yara acikin fasaha, wasanni ga nakasassu daban-daban. Lokacin da Evgeny ya kunna kiɗansa - yara suna kwantar da hankali, shakatawa kuma suna jin daɗin wasanninsa. Evgeny memba ne mai aiki kuma mai sa kai na tafiyar "Autism Friendly Space". == Girmamawa da kyaututtuka == [[File:У_2013_році_отримав_Голівудську_премію_імпровізаторів.jpg|alt=Dimitry Tiomkin Award|thumb| Dimitry Tiomkin Award (2013)]] Kyautar Shugaban Kasa da Tallafin Karatu daga Gidauniyar Fata mai Kyau don nasarori na musamman a fagen kiɗan a 2001. Kyautar Dimitri Tiomkin don ƙware lwa a wasan piano a ranar 18 Afrilu 2013, Bikin Jazz na Duniya.<ref>Volvo Cars Ukraine together with pianist and composer Yevhen Khmara present the project "Freedom to move. Freedom to create"". Volvo Cars. 4 March 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2022.</ref> 2012 - Yamaha Artist == Wakokinsa == * 2001: Haɗin gwiwa zuwa wasan kwaikwayon Didier Marouani ( Sarari ) a "Wasanni Tavria".<ref>{{Citation|last=Evgeny Khmara|title=Didier Marouani & Space - Magic Fly (with Evgeny Khmara) - Tavria Games 2001|date=2011-11-23|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCSSlv5QrVU|access-date=2019-05-14}}</ref> Wasan kwaikwayo a wasan kwaikwayo na Space da ake kira "Symphonic Space Dream" a cikin Fadar Ukraine. * 2004: Ayyuka a tsakiyar tsakiyar Dnipro tare da band Space . * 2006: Wasan kwaikwayo a Fadar Kremlin a [[Moscow]] a wasan kwaikwayo na Space . * 2011: Haɗin kai tare da [[Oleh Skrypka|Oleg Skrypka]] a cikin aikin "Ukrainian Vechornytsi". Haɗin kai tare da mawaƙa Sonique . * 2013: Tare da mawaƙa na Ukrainian [[Oleh Skrypka|Oleg Skripka]] da Valeria a wasan kwaikwayon " Muryar Ukraine ".<ref>{{Citation|last=Valeriya|title=Валерия и Олег Скрипка - дуэт на шоу "Голос страны-2"|date=2012-03-18|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1Y2C2iqNIc|access-date=2019-05-14}}</ref> * 2014: Haɗin kai tare da mawaƙin Italiyanci Pupo . * 2015: A Autumn'15 gabatar da show "Znamenie" (Turanci: ''The Sign'' ) a [[Kiev|Kyiv]], a Oktoba Palace, tare da sa hannu na Didier Marouani.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bestin.ua/event/znamenie-pervoe-bolshoe-shou-pianista-evgeniya-xmary/|title=Znamenie: первое большое шоу пианиста Евгения Хмары|date=2015-10-26|website=BESTIN.UA|language=ru-RU|access-date=2019-05-14|archive-date=2019-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115113911/http://bestin.ua/event/znamenie-pervoe-bolshoe-shou-pianista-evgeniya-xmary/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zefir.ua/news/965-k-evgeniyu-hmare-edet-dide-maruani-space.html|title=К Евгению Хмаре едет Дидье Маруани (Space)|date=2015-08-11|website=Zefir.ua|language=ru-RU|access-date=2019-05-14|archive-date=2016-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822080425/https://zefir.ua/news/965-k-evgeniyu-hmare-edet-dide-maruani-space.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2016: Haɗin kai tare da Alessandro Safina a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin kide-kide a [[Kiev|Kyiv]] . * 2019: Rikodin haɗin gwiwa guda ɗaya tare da [[Kazka]], wanda aka gabatar a watan Afrilu 2019 a wasan kwaikwayon talabijin "Maraice na farko tare da Katerina Osadchа". == Wakoki == === Albums na Studio === * ''Tatsuniya'' (2013) * ''Znamenie'' (Turanci: ''Alamar'' ) (2015) * ''Farin Piano'' (2016) * ''Dabarun Rayuwa'' (2018) * ''<nowiki/>'Yancin motsi'' (2020) * ''Horizon Event'' (2022) === Waka === * Mafarkin Astral (2015) * ''A cikin Sky'' (2020) == Shirye-shiryen Bidiyo == * ''Yayin da take barci]'', sakin shirin bidiyo na farko (2012) * Agogon sihiri] (2013) * ''Nuwamba'' (2017) * ''Tausayi'' (2017) * ''Pianist a cikin garin fatalwa'', an yi fim ɗin aikin bidiyo a cikin matattu birnin Pripyat a cikin tunawa da bala'in Chernobyl (2017) * ''Taya murna ga Ukraine a ranar 26th ranar tunawa da Independence'', aikin bidiyo akan Ranar Independence na Ukraine (2017) * ''Lifeline'', aikin bidiyo da aka sadaukar da aikin "Ƙasa mai ban mamaki" (2018) * ''Znamenie'' da ''Wheel of Life'' an yi fim a kan ƙasa kuma a cikin babban ginin Jami'ar Igor Sikorsky, jerin shirye-shiryen bidiyo da aka harbe don aikin Bude Ukraine (2018) * ''filayen bazara'', aikin bidiyo da aka keɓe ga aikin "Buɗe Ukraine ta kiɗa" (2019) * ''Saki'', aikin bidiyo da aka yi a Faransa a CHÂTEAU DE CHALLAIN-LA-POTHERIE (2019) * ''A cikin Sky'', aikin bidiyo da aka harbe a cikin Alps a tsayin mita 2 000 sama da teku (2020) * ''Duniyar Mars.'' ''Waƙoƙin kan layi na farko daga duniyar Mars'' An harbe shi a Petra, [[Jodan|Jordan]] (2021) == Ayyukan TV == A cikin 2012, dan wasan da ya lashe wasan kwaikwayo na TV na Ukraine Got Talent . A cikin 2013, ya shiga aikin TV [[:uk:Куб (шоу)|KUB]] . Tsakanin shekarun 2014 da 2018 mawaƙin X-Factor . A shekara ta 2017, maraice na ƙungiyar makaɗa da wasan solo na X-Factor . A Fabrairu 2018, ya shiga shirin talabijin "The Great Spring Concert". A shekara ta 2019, ya shiga wasan kwaikwayon telebijun "Maraice Farko tare da Katerina Osadchа" a tashar 1+1 . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haihuwan 1988]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] c680t7g72ok85wss26m03x1m1a6cv2e 974823 974822 2026-11-01T15:53:44Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974823 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Портрет Євгена Хмари.jpg|thumb|Evgeny Khmara]] [[Fayil:Портрет Євгена Хмари.jpg|thumb|Hoton mawaki Evgeny Khmara kuma makadin piano daga kasar Ukraine]]  {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Evgeny Khmara''' ( Ukraine <nowiki>;</nowiki> an haife shi a ranar 10 gawatan Maris shekarar 1988) mawaki ne kuma makadin piano ɗan ƙasar Ukraine. == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Evgeny Khmara a ranar 10 ga watan Maris shekarar 1988, a [[Kiev|Kyiv]]. Yana da ƙanwa mai suna Victoria. Tun yana ƙarami ya kasance mai sha'awar jirage da kade-kade. Ya samu karfin guiwa daga wani jirgin ƙasa, a lokacin yana ɗan shekaru 7 ya rubuta waƙoƙin kiɗan sa na farko na piano. Daga 1994 zuwa 2003 ya yi karatu a makarantar kiɗa. Daga shekarar 2004 ya fara aiki a masana'antar kiɗa. A shekarar 2005, ya halarci bude taro na Jaguar Motor Show. Yayin da yake ci gaba da aikinsa na waka, ya yi karatu a Ukrainian Academy of Business and Entrepreneurship (UABP), [[Kiev|Kyiv]] (2005-2010). Daga 2010 Evgeny ya fara yin shirye-shiryen piano ga taurarin ƴan kasuwa na kasar Ukraine. A cikin shekara ta 2012 ya zama dan wasan da ya lashe gasar Ukraine Got Talent . Daga shekarar 2012 zuwa 2018 ya kasance yana aiki a matsayin babban mawaƙin X-Factor . A shekara ta 2014, Khmara ya ziyarci fadar [[White House]] a matsayin jakadan al'adu na Ukraine. A cikin watan Disamban shekarar 2014, ya halarci taron bude Maserati Motor Show akan [[Cyprus]] . A cikin watan Disamban 2018, an gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo na solo " ''30'' ", a fadar Ukraine, [[Kiev|Kyiv]] . Shirin ya samu halartar 'yan kallo 3,900. Mawaka 130 ne suka yi wasa a dandalin. Mawaƙin Ukrainian Oleg Vinnik ya zama babban baƙo a shirin Khmara ya yi aiki tare da Volvo Cars don samar da waka ga aikin "'Yancin zirga-zirga. 'Yancin kirkira" - ''Freedom to move. Freedom to create'' A yau, Evgeny yana aiki a tsakanin Ukraine da kuma kasashen waje, yana kaddamar da kide-kide sannan kuma yana haɗin gwiwa tare da sauran mawaka. == Ayyukan sadaka da zamantakewa == Evgeny yana tallafawa ayyukan zamantakewa da na agaji da kuma ci gaban al'adu na yara masu basira. Mahalarta bikin ba da agaji na shekara-shekara "Don cimma Buri". Tun 2017, tare da goyon bayan kungiyar "Child UA" Evgeny yana gudanar wasanni 5 na wakoki ga yara acikin fasaha, wasanni ga nakasassu daban-daban. Lokacin da Evgeny ya kunna kiɗansa - yara suna kwantar da hankali, shakatawa kuma suna jin daɗin wasanninsa. Evgeny memba ne mai aiki kuma mai sa kai na tafiyar "Autism Friendly Space". == Girmamawa da kyaututtuka == [[File:У_2013_році_отримав_Голівудську_премію_імпровізаторів.jpg|alt=Dimitry Tiomkin Award|thumb| Dimitry Tiomkin Award (2013)]] Kyautar Shugaban Kasa da Tallafin Karatu daga Gidauniyar Fata mai Kyau don nasarori na musamman a fagen kiɗan a 2001. Kyautar Dimitri Tiomkin don ƙware lwa a wasan piano a ranar 18 Afrilu 2013, Bikin Jazz na Duniya.<ref>Volvo Cars Ukraine together with pianist and composer Yevhen Khmara present the project "Freedom to move. Freedom to create"". Volvo Cars. 4 March 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2022.</ref> 2012 - Yamaha Artist == Wakokinsa == * 2001: Haɗin gwiwa zuwa wasan kwaikwayon Didier Marouani ( Sarari ) a "Wasanni Tavria".<ref>{{Citation|last=Evgeny Khmara|title=Didier Marouani & Space - Magic Fly (with Evgeny Khmara) - Tavria Games 2001|date=2011-11-23|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCSSlv5QrVU|access-date=2019-05-14}}</ref> Wasan kwaikwayo a wasan kwaikwayo na Space da ake kira "Symphonic Space Dream" a cikin Fadar Ukraine. * 2004: Ayyuka a tsakiyar tsakiyar Dnipro tare da band Space . * 2006: Wasan kwaikwayo a Fadar Kremlin a [[Moscow]] a wasan kwaikwayo na Space . * 2011: Haɗin kai tare da [[Oleh Skrypka|Oleg Skrypka]] a cikin aikin "Ukrainian Vechornytsi". Haɗin kai tare da mawaƙa Sonique . * 2013: Tare da mawaƙa na Ukrainian [[Oleh Skrypka|Oleg Skripka]] da Valeria a wasan kwaikwayon " Muryar Ukraine ".<ref>{{Citation|last=Valeriya|title=Валерия и Олег Скрипка - дуэт на шоу "Голос страны-2"|date=2012-03-18|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1Y2C2iqNIc|access-date=2019-05-14}}</ref> * 2014: Haɗin kai tare da mawaƙin Italiyanci Pupo . * 2015: A Autumn'15 gabatar da show "Znamenie" (Turanci: ''The Sign'' ) a [[Kiev|Kyiv]], a Oktoba Palace, tare da sa hannu na Didier Marouani.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bestin.ua/event/znamenie-pervoe-bolshoe-shou-pianista-evgeniya-xmary/|title=Znamenie: первое большое шоу пианиста Евгения Хмары|date=2015-10-26|website=BESTIN.UA|language=ru-RU|access-date=2019-05-14|archive-date=2019-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115113911/http://bestin.ua/event/znamenie-pervoe-bolshoe-shou-pianista-evgeniya-xmary/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zefir.ua/news/965-k-evgeniyu-hmare-edet-dide-maruani-space.html|title=К Евгению Хмаре едет Дидье Маруани (Space)|date=2015-08-11|website=Zefir.ua|language=ru-RU|access-date=2019-05-14|archive-date=2016-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822080425/https://zefir.ua/news/965-k-evgeniyu-hmare-edet-dide-maruani-space.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2016: Haɗin kai tare da Alessandro Safina a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin kide-kide a [[Kiev|Kyiv]] . * 2019: Rikodin haɗin gwiwa guda ɗaya tare da [[Kazka]], wanda aka gabatar a watan Afrilu 2019 a wasan kwaikwayon talabijin "Maraice na farko tare da Katerina Osadchа". == Wakoki == === Albums na Studio === * ''Tatsuniya'' (2013) * ''Znamenie'' (Turanci: ''Alamar'' ) (2015) * ''Farin Piano'' (2016) * ''Dabarun Rayuwa'' (2018) * ''<nowiki/>'Yancin motsi'' (2020) * ''Horizon Event'' (2022) === Waka === * Mafarkin Astral (2015) * ''A cikin Sky'' (2020) == Shirye-shiryen Bidiyo == * ''Yayin da take barci]'', sakin shirin bidiyo na farko (2012) * Agogon sihiri] (2013) * ''Nuwamba'' (2017) * ''Tausayi'' (2017) * ''Pianist a cikin garin fatalwa'', an yi fim ɗin aikin bidiyo a cikin matattu birnin Pripyat a cikin tunawa da bala'in Chernobyl (2017) * ''Taya murna ga Ukraine a ranar 26th ranar tunawa da Independence'', aikin bidiyo akan Ranar Independence na Ukraine (2017) * ''Lifeline'', aikin bidiyo da aka sadaukar da aikin "Ƙasa mai ban mamaki" (2018) * ''Znamenie'' da ''Wheel of Life'' an yi fim a kan ƙasa kuma a cikin babban ginin Jami'ar Igor Sikorsky, jerin shirye-shiryen bidiyo da aka harbe don aikin Bude Ukraine (2018) * ''filayen bazara'', aikin bidiyo da aka keɓe ga aikin "Buɗe Ukraine ta kiɗa" (2019) * ''Saki'', aikin bidiyo da aka yi a Faransa a CHÂTEAU DE CHALLAIN-LA-POTHERIE (2019) * ''A cikin Sky'', aikin bidiyo da aka harbe a cikin Alps a tsayin mita 2 000 sama da teku (2020) * ''Duniyar Mars.'' ''Waƙoƙin kan layi na farko daga duniyar Mars'' An harbe shi a Petra, [[Jodan|Jordan]] (2021) == Ayyukan TV == A cikin 2012, dan wasan da ya lashe wasan kwaikwayo na TV na Ukraine Got Talent . A cikin 2013, ya shiga aikin TV [[:uk:Куб (шоу)|KUB]] . Tsakanin shekarun 2014 da 2018 mawaƙin X-Factor . A shekara ta 2017, maraice na ƙungiyar makaɗa da wasan solo na X-Factor . A Fabrairu 2018, ya shiga shirin talabijin "The Great Spring Concert". A shekara ta 2019, ya shiga wasan kwaikwayon telebijun "Maraice Farko tare da Katerina Osadchа" a tashar 1+1 . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haihuwan 1988]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 58e5q8kbxvxw13p9ls3bk7z40bm9eg0 974824 974823 2026-11-01T15:53:56Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974824 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Портрет Євгена Хмари.jpg|thumb|Evgeny Khmara]] [[Fayil:Портрет Євгена Хмари.jpg|thumb|Hoton mawaki Evgeny Khmara kuma makadin piano daga kasar Ukraine]]  {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Evgeny Khmara''' ( Ukraine <nowiki>;</nowiki> an haife shi a ranar 10 gawatan Maris shekarar 1988) mawaki ne kuma makadin piano ɗan ƙasar Ukraine. == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Evgeny Khmara a ranar 10 ga watan Maris shekarar 1988, a [[Kiev|Kyiv]]. Yana da ƙanwa mai suna Victoria. Tun yana ƙarami ya kasance mai sha'awar jirage da kade-kade. Ya samu karfin guiwa daga wani jirgin ƙasa, a lokacin yana ɗan shekaru 7 ya rubuta waƙoƙin kiɗan sa na farko na piano. Daga 1994 zuwa 2003 ya yi karatu a makarantar kiɗa. Daga shekarar 2004 ya fara aiki a masana'antar kiɗa. A shekarar 2005, ya halarci buɗe taro na Jaguar Motor Show. Yayin da yake ci gaba da aikinsa na waka, ya yi karatu a Ukrainian Academy of Business and Entrepreneurship (UABP), [[Kiev|Kyiv]] (2005-2010). Daga 2010 Evgeny ya fara yin shirye-shiryen piano ga taurarin ƴan kasuwa na kasar Ukraine. A cikin shekara ta 2012 ya zama dan wasan da ya lashe gasar Ukraine Got Talent . Daga shekarar 2012 zuwa 2018 ya kasance yana aiki a matsayin babban mawaƙin X-Factor . A shekara ta 2014, Khmara ya ziyarci fadar [[White House]] a matsayin jakadan al'adu na Ukraine. A cikin watan Disamban shekarar 2014, ya halarci taron bude Maserati Motor Show akan [[Cyprus]] . A cikin watan Disamban 2018, an gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo na solo " ''30'' ", a fadar Ukraine, [[Kiev|Kyiv]] . Shirin ya samu halartar 'yan kallo 3,900. Mawaka 130 ne suka yi wasa a dandalin. Mawaƙin Ukrainian Oleg Vinnik ya zama babban baƙo a shirin Khmara ya yi aiki tare da Volvo Cars don samar da waka ga aikin "'Yancin zirga-zirga. 'Yancin kirkira" - ''Freedom to move. Freedom to create'' A yau, Evgeny yana aiki a tsakanin Ukraine da kuma kasashen waje, yana kaddamar da kide-kide sannan kuma yana haɗin gwiwa tare da sauran mawaka. == Ayyukan sadaka da zamantakewa == Evgeny yana tallafawa ayyukan zamantakewa da na agaji da kuma ci gaban al'adu na yara masu basira. Mahalarta bikin ba da agaji na shekara-shekara "Don cimma Buri". Tun 2017, tare da goyon bayan kungiyar "Child UA" Evgeny yana gudanar wasanni 5 na wakoki ga yara acikin fasaha, wasanni ga nakasassu daban-daban. Lokacin da Evgeny ya kunna kiɗansa - yara suna kwantar da hankali, shakatawa kuma suna jin daɗin wasanninsa. Evgeny memba ne mai aiki kuma mai sa kai na tafiyar "Autism Friendly Space". == Girmamawa da kyaututtuka == [[File:У_2013_році_отримав_Голівудську_премію_імпровізаторів.jpg|alt=Dimitry Tiomkin Award|thumb| Dimitry Tiomkin Award (2013)]] Kyautar Shugaban Kasa da Tallafin Karatu daga Gidauniyar Fata mai Kyau don nasarori na musamman a fagen kiɗan a 2001. Kyautar Dimitri Tiomkin don ƙware lwa a wasan piano a ranar 18 Afrilu 2013, Bikin Jazz na Duniya.<ref>Volvo Cars Ukraine together with pianist and composer Yevhen Khmara present the project "Freedom to move. Freedom to create"". Volvo Cars. 4 March 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2022.</ref> 2012 - Yamaha Artist == Wakokinsa == * 2001: Haɗin gwiwa zuwa wasan kwaikwayon Didier Marouani ( Sarari ) a "Wasanni Tavria".<ref>{{Citation|last=Evgeny Khmara|title=Didier Marouani & Space - Magic Fly (with Evgeny Khmara) - Tavria Games 2001|date=2011-11-23|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TCSSlv5QrVU|access-date=2019-05-14}}</ref> Wasan kwaikwayo a wasan kwaikwayo na Space da ake kira "Symphonic Space Dream" a cikin Fadar Ukraine. * 2004: Ayyuka a tsakiyar tsakiyar Dnipro tare da band Space . * 2006: Wasan kwaikwayo a Fadar Kremlin a [[Moscow]] a wasan kwaikwayo na Space . * 2011: Haɗin kai tare da [[Oleh Skrypka|Oleg Skrypka]] a cikin aikin "Ukrainian Vechornytsi". Haɗin kai tare da mawaƙa Sonique . * 2013: Tare da mawaƙa na Ukrainian [[Oleh Skrypka|Oleg Skripka]] da Valeria a wasan kwaikwayon " Muryar Ukraine ".<ref>{{Citation|last=Valeriya|title=Валерия и Олег Скрипка - дуэт на шоу "Голос страны-2"|date=2012-03-18|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1Y2C2iqNIc|access-date=2019-05-14}}</ref> * 2014: Haɗin kai tare da mawaƙin Italiyanci Pupo . * 2015: A Autumn'15 gabatar da show "Znamenie" (Turanci: ''The Sign'' ) a [[Kiev|Kyiv]], a Oktoba Palace, tare da sa hannu na Didier Marouani.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bestin.ua/event/znamenie-pervoe-bolshoe-shou-pianista-evgeniya-xmary/|title=Znamenie: первое большое шоу пианиста Евгения Хмары|date=2015-10-26|website=BESTIN.UA|language=ru-RU|access-date=2019-05-14|archive-date=2019-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115113911/http://bestin.ua/event/znamenie-pervoe-bolshoe-shou-pianista-evgeniya-xmary/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zefir.ua/news/965-k-evgeniyu-hmare-edet-dide-maruani-space.html|title=К Евгению Хмаре едет Дидье Маруани (Space)|date=2015-08-11|website=Zefir.ua|language=ru-RU|access-date=2019-05-14|archive-date=2016-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822080425/https://zefir.ua/news/965-k-evgeniyu-hmare-edet-dide-maruani-space.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2016: Haɗin kai tare da Alessandro Safina a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin kide-kide a [[Kiev|Kyiv]] . * 2019: Rikodin haɗin gwiwa guda ɗaya tare da [[Kazka]], wanda aka gabatar a watan Afrilu 2019 a wasan kwaikwayon talabijin "Maraice na farko tare da Katerina Osadchа". == Wakoki == === Albums na Studio === * ''Tatsuniya'' (2013) * ''Znamenie'' (Turanci: ''Alamar'' ) (2015) * ''Farin Piano'' (2016) * ''Dabarun Rayuwa'' (2018) * ''<nowiki/>'Yancin motsi'' (2020) * ''Horizon Event'' (2022) === Waka === * Mafarkin Astral (2015) * ''A cikin Sky'' (2020) == Shirye-shiryen Bidiyo == * ''Yayin da take barci]'', sakin shirin bidiyo na farko (2012) * Agogon sihiri] (2013) * ''Nuwamba'' (2017) * ''Tausayi'' (2017) * ''Pianist a cikin garin fatalwa'', an yi fim ɗin aikin bidiyo a cikin matattu birnin Pripyat a cikin tunawa da bala'in Chernobyl (2017) * ''Taya murna ga Ukraine a ranar 26th ranar tunawa da Independence'', aikin bidiyo akan Ranar Independence na Ukraine (2017) * ''Lifeline'', aikin bidiyo da aka sadaukar da aikin "Ƙasa mai ban mamaki" (2018) * ''Znamenie'' da ''Wheel of Life'' an yi fim a kan ƙasa kuma a cikin babban ginin Jami'ar Igor Sikorsky, jerin shirye-shiryen bidiyo da aka harbe don aikin Bude Ukraine (2018) * ''filayen bazara'', aikin bidiyo da aka keɓe ga aikin "Buɗe Ukraine ta kiɗa" (2019) * ''Saki'', aikin bidiyo da aka yi a Faransa a CHÂTEAU DE CHALLAIN-LA-POTHERIE (2019) * ''A cikin Sky'', aikin bidiyo da aka harbe a cikin Alps a tsayin mita 2 000 sama da teku (2020) * ''Duniyar Mars.'' ''Waƙoƙin kan layi na farko daga duniyar Mars'' An harbe shi a Petra, [[Jodan|Jordan]] (2021) == Ayyukan TV == A cikin 2012, dan wasan da ya lashe wasan kwaikwayo na TV na Ukraine Got Talent . A cikin 2013, ya shiga aikin TV [[:uk:Куб (шоу)|KUB]] . Tsakanin shekarun 2014 da 2018 mawaƙin X-Factor . A shekara ta 2017, maraice na ƙungiyar makaɗa da wasan solo na X-Factor . A Fabrairu 2018, ya shiga shirin talabijin "The Great Spring Concert". A shekara ta 2019, ya shiga wasan kwaikwayon telebijun "Maraice Farko tare da Katerina Osadchа" a tashar 1+1 . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haihuwan 1988]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4i6xwckink3bubwlzcuydbunfv0u9e5 0 49374 975023 974405 2026-11-01T20:28:55Z Beehra 15944 /* Sanaa'a */ 975023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{stub}} '''Abdul Kareem Sule''' (an haife shi ranar 20 ga watan Janairu, 1975, a Kaduna) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya kuma wakilin ɗan wasa na yanzu.{{Stub}} == Sanaa'a== Sule ya fara taka leda a shekarar 1993 a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta garinsu mai suna NUB Kaduna (Nigeria Universal Bank), kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Stationery Stores F.C. da ke Legas a shekarar 1994. A watan Yulin 1995, ya koma ƙungiyar BCC Lions. Bayan shafe watanni shida, ya bar BCC Lions ya koma ƙungiyar Qatar SC. A lokacin da yake taka leda a ƙungiyar da ke Doha, ya kasance cikin manyan ‘yan wasan da suka fi zura ƙwallaye. Wannan bajintar tasa ta sa ƙungiyar Herning Fremad ta ƙasar Denmark ta gano shi a shekarar 1997. Ya shafe shekaru uku yana bugawa Herning Fremad wasa kafin ya koma Akademisk Boldklub a shekarar 2000, kan kuɗin musayar ɗan wasa da ya kafa sabon tarihin Denmark a lokacin, wato DKK miliyan tara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Øivind Henrik von Mehren |title=Nigeria: Nigerian football players in Europe - EUFO |url=http://eufo.de/football/div/africa/nga.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091006075417/http://eufo.de/football/div/africa/nga.htm |archive-date=2009-10-06 |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=www.eufo.de}}</ref> Ya shafe shekaru biyar yana bugawa ƙungiyar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://msnmand.dk/gallery/38054/171710 |title=Galleri - 10 horrible spiller-indkøb » MSN Mand |access-date=2010-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100213032700/http://msnmand.dk/gallery/38054/171710 |archive-date=2010-02-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekarar 2004, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya da ƙungiyar Køge BK,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bold.dk/nyt/Abdul-Sule-til-malaysisk-fodbold |title=Abdul Sule til malaysisk fodbold |access-date=2010-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324110508/http://www.bold.dk/nyt/Abdul-Sule-til-malaysisk-fodbold |archive-date=2012-03-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref>amma ya bar ƙungiyar bayan shekara guda domin komawa AC Horsens.<ref>[https://www.tipsbladet.dk/nyhed/sas-liga/abdul-sule-vil-vaere-traener-i-danmark Abdul Sule vil være træner i Danmark | Tipsbladet]</ref>A shekara mai zuwa, ya koma ƙungiyar Lolland-Falster Alliancen.[5] A shekarar 2007 kuma, ya buga wasa a gasar Malaysia Super League tare da ƙungiyar Johor FC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ScandAsia.Com - Striker leaves Denmark for Malaysia |url=http://www.scandasia.com/viewNews.php?coun_code=my&news_id=2924 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529035826/http://www.scandasia.com/viewNews.php?coun_code=my&news_id=2924 |archive-date=2012-05-29 |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=www.scandasia.com}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1975]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 1qa05jksxnqtoyl4n2eqn12finw3hmb 975024 975023 2026-11-01T20:29:22Z Beehra 15944 /* Sanaa'a */ 975024 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{stub}} '''Abdul Kareem Sule''' (an haife shi ranar 20 ga watan Janairu, 1975, a Kaduna) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya kuma wakilin ɗan wasa na yanzu.{{Stub}} == Sanaa'a== Sule ya fara taka leda a shekarar 1993 a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta garinsu mai suna NUB Kaduna (Nigeria Universal Bank), kafin ya koma ƙungiyar Stationery Stores F.C. da ke Legas a shekarar 1994. A watan Yulin 1995, ya koma ƙungiyar BCC Lions. Bayan shafe watanni shida, ya bar BCC Lions ya koma ƙungiyar Qatar SC. A lokacin da yake taka leda a ƙungiyar da ke Doha, ya kasance cikin manyan ‘yan wasan da suka fi zura ƙwallaye. Wannan bajintar tasa ta sa ƙungiyar Herning Fremad ta ƙasar Denmark ta gano shi a shekarar 1997. Ya shafe shekaru uku yana bugawa Herning Fremad wasa kafin ya koma Akademisk Boldklub a shekarar 2000, kan kuɗin musayar ɗan wasa da ya kafa sabon tarihin Denmark a lokacin, wato DKK miliyan tara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Øivind Henrik von Mehren |title=Nigeria: Nigerian football players in Europe - EUFO |url=http://eufo.de/football/div/africa/nga.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091006075417/http://eufo.de/football/div/africa/nga.htm |archive-date=2009-10-06 |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=www.eufo.de}}</ref> Ya shafe shekaru biyar yana bugawa ƙungiyar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://msnmand.dk/gallery/38054/171710 |title=Galleri - 10 horrible spiller-indkøb » MSN Mand |access-date=2010-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100213032700/http://msnmand.dk/gallery/38054/171710 |archive-date=2010-02-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekarar 2004, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya da ƙungiyar Køge BK,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bold.dk/nyt/Abdul-Sule-til-malaysisk-fodbold |title=Abdul Sule til malaysisk fodbold |access-date=2010-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324110508/http://www.bold.dk/nyt/Abdul-Sule-til-malaysisk-fodbold |archive-date=2012-03-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref>amma ya bar ƙungiyar bayan shekara guda domin komawa AC Horsens.<ref>[https://www.tipsbladet.dk/nyhed/sas-liga/abdul-sule-vil-vaere-traener-i-danmark Abdul Sule vil være træner i Danmark | Tipsbladet]</ref>A shekara mai zuwa, ya koma ƙungiyar Lolland-Falster Alliancen. A shekarar 2007 kuma, ya buga wasa a gasar Malaysia Super League tare da ƙungiyar Johor FC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ScandAsia.Com - Striker leaves Denmark for Malaysia |url=http://www.scandasia.com/viewNews.php?coun_code=my&news_id=2924 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529035826/http://www.scandasia.com/viewNews.php?coun_code=my&news_id=2924 |archive-date=2012-05-29 |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=www.scandasia.com}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1975]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] fbjhyhcd4ptqn9qx66wg4xl7egj9ypx 0 50436 974887 969643 2026-11-01T16:13:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Canjin yanayi a Botswana''', yana nufin canje-canje a cikin [[Climate|yanayi]] na [[Botswana]] da kuma martani na gaba, daidaitawa da dabarun ragewa na ƙasar<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://arewa.ng/masana-kimiya-sun-ce-botswana-ne-asalin-mutanen-wannan-lokaci-bbc-hausa/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-07-26 |archive-date=2026-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260520094556/https://arewa.ng/masana-kimiya-sun-ce-botswana-ne-asalin-mutanen-wannan-lokaci-bbc-hausa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Ana sa ran zai haifar da karuwar fari da kuma karuwa da yawa wannan saboda gajeren lokacin ruwan sama da ƙananan kwanakin ruwan kasa. Saboda sauye-sauye a kan yanayi da yanayi kasar na iya fuskantar ruwan sama mai lalacewa a wasu lokuta.<ref name=":7">[http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/138/Info_briefs/Botswana%20Information%20Brief.pdf Understanding vulnerability and adaptation in semi-arid areas in Botswana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722093432/http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/138/Info_briefs/Botswana%20Information%20Brief.pdf |date=2023-07-22 }}, May (2015), http://www.assaradapt.org/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260606020744/http://www.assaradapt.org/ |date=2026-06-06 }}, retrieved 30/04/2023</ref> == Yanayin Botswana == [[File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_BWA_present.svg|thumb|Yanayin yanayi na Botswana Yankunan rarrabuwa]] Yanayin Botswana ya bushe zuwa rabin bushe tare da hunturu mai zafi da lokacin zafi kuma ruwan sama ba shi da tabbas<ref>https://www-bbc-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-52774716.amp?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM%3D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=17535993740585&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fhausa%2Flabarai-52774716</ref>. Ruwan sama galibi yana faruwa ne daga Oktoba zuwa Afrilu.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |title=Climate |url=https://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/climate |access-date=24 March 2023 |website=Botswana Tourism}}</ref> Lokacin hunturu galibi ya bushe kuma yana da rana, mai sauƙi a rana amma sanyi da dare, musamman a tsakiyar da kudancin ƙasar. Wannan yawanci yana kusa da watanni na Mayu zuwa Agusta. Lokacin bazara wanda yawanci daga Nuwamba zuwa Maris, yana da zafi kuma yana leken sama. Akwai hasken rana da yawa a wannan kakar, musamman da safe. A cikin shekara, zafin jiki yawanci ya bambanta daga 41 ° F zuwa 89 °F kuma yana da wuya a ƙasa da 34 ° C ko sama da 97 °C.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Botswana Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Botswana) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/150209/Average-Weather-in-Botswana-Year-Round |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=weatherspark.com |language=en}}</ref> Yawan zafi yana yawan ƙarfi a cikin bazara a kusa da Satumba da Oktoba, musamman a arewacin ƙasar, duk da haka, kwanakin zafi suna yiwuwa a duk faɗin ƙasar daga Satamba zuwa Afrilu.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /> Yankin kudu maso yamma shine yankin da ya fi bushewa, wannan shine inda ake samun hamadar [[Hamadar Kalahari|Kalahari]] kuma ruwan sama yana sauka ƙasa da millimita 300 (12 inci) a kowace shekara. Yankunan da suka fi ruwan sama, inda sama da 500 mm (20 in) na ruwan kasa a kowace shekara, sune arewa da kudu maso gabas, wurin [[Gaborone]] yake.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Botswana climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation |url=https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/botswana |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=www.climatestotravel.com}}</ref> Kasar [[Kullalliyar Kasa|ba]] ta da iyaka kuma tana da yanayin hamada mai zafi wanda ke da babban bambanci tsakanin yanayin rana da dare da kuma yawan zafi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-30 |title=BOTSWANA’S FIRST BIENNIAL UPDATE REPORT (BUR) TO THE UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE OCTOBER 2019 |url=https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/BOTSWANA%20FIRST%20BIENNIAL%20REPORT_FINAL.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318012054/https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/BOTSWANA%20FIRST%20BIENNIAL%20REPORT_FINAL.pdf |archive-date=2023-03-29 |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=unfccc.int}}</ref> [[File:BS_climate.png|left|thumb|613x613px|Yanayi mai tsaka-tsaki.]] An yi la'akari da [[Botswana]] mai matukar damuwa ga canjin yanayi da bambancin yanayi saboda karancin ruwan sama da kuma yawan talauci da ke shafar yawancin yankunan karkara.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Climate Risk Country Profile-Botswana |url=https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/botswana |website=Climate Change Knowledge Portal |publisher=Worldbank |access-date=21 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Botswana: Climate risk country profile - Botswana {{!}} ReliefWeb |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/botswana/botswana-climate-risk-country-profile |access-date=2023-04-30 |website=reliefweb.int |language=en}}</ref> Botswana tana fuskantar karancin ruwan sama kuma yanayin ruwan kasa yana canzawa wanda ke shafar bangaren noma. Saboda yanayin ruwan sama a Botswana, wanda ba abin dogaro ba ne, an sami raguwa a cikin hekta da aka noma. Ruwan sama mai tsanani ya wanke ƙasa da tsaba a lokacin noma kuma wannan yana haifar da ƙarancin amfanin gona.<ref name=":7"/> Matsalolin Botswana ga canjin yanayi galibi yana shafar dogaro da bangarorin da sauƙin sauyin yanayi ke sha wahala; yawon bude ido, noma, ruwa da kiwon lafiya. Talauci kuma wani bangare ne wanda galibi ya zo ne ta hanyar dogaro da waɗannan bangarorin.<ref name=":6">{{cite web |title=Climate Risk Country Profile-Botswana |url=https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/15721-WB_Botswana%20Country%20Profile-WEB%20%281%29.pdf |website=Climate Change Knowledge Portal |publisher=Worldbank |access-date=21 March 2023}}</ref> == Muhimman abubuwan da ke faruwa == === Yanayin zafi === [[File:Temperature_Bar_Chart_Africa-Botswana--1901-2020--2021-07-13.png|alt=Figure 2|thumb|398x398px|Yanayin zafin jiki na Botswana tsakanin 1901-2020]] Matsakaicin yanayin zafi ya karu a 1.5 ° C tun daga shekarun 1900. Hoton da ke dama yana nuna yanayin zafin jiki na Botswana tsakanin shekara ta 1901 da shekarar 2020. Babban canje-canje shine a watan Nuwamba da Maris. Botswana tana fuskantar yanayin zafi sosai a lokacin rani wanda ke tsakanin Nuwamba zuwa Maris wanda zasu iya zuwa sama da 38 ° C a wasu sassan ƙasar yayin da hunturu wanda ya kasance daga Maris zuwa Agusta yana da sanyi sosai da dare kuma yana leushi a rana, wani lokacin tare da mummunan sanyi wanda zai iya daskarewa da ƙananan ruwa. A lokacin bazara wanda yake daga Satumba zuwa Oktoba ƙasar tana fuskantar yanayin zafi sosai wanda zai iya kaiwa sama da 44 ° C a yawancin sassan ƙasar. === Ruwan sama === Botswana ta sami ruwan sama na yau da kullun da kuma fari mai yawa. Kwanakin rigar a Botswana sun bambanta a ko'ina cikin shekara. Ana auna rana mai laushi a 0.04 inci na ruwan sama.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal |url=https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/ |access-date=2023-03-25 |website=climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org |language=en}}</ref> Lokacin rigar ya ƙare daga Oktoba zuwa Afrilu tare da damar 21% na rana ta zama rana mai rigakafi yayin da lokacin hunturu ya wuce daga Afrilun zuwa Oktoba, Yuli yana da wata tare le mafi ƙarancin kwanakin riguna tare ti matsakaicin kwanaki 0.2 tare tare na akalla matsakaici 0.04 inci na hazo. An rubuta watan Disamba a matsayin wata tare da ruwan sama mafi girma. == Rashin iskar gas == Kasuwancin iskar gas na shekara-shekara na Botswana kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2019 ya kasance a 11, 000.00 na CO2, wanda ya ragu da kashi 13.25% daga shekarar da ta gabata 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=Botswana Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions 1990-2023 |url=https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/BWA/botswana/ghg-greenhouse-gas-emissions |website=Macrotrends |publisher=Macrotrends LLC |access-date=21 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229184817/https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/BWA/botswana/ghg-greenhouse-gas-emissions |archive-date=29 February 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Rashin hayaki na carbon dioxide galibi daga man fetur ne; iskar gas, mai, sufuri da gine-gine, masana'antar wutar lantarki suma suna ba da gudummawa ga waɗannan hayakin. == Tasirin canjin yanayi == Canjin yanayi ya riga ya sami tasirin gani a duniya, duniya tana dumama, tsarin ruwan sama koyaushe yana canzawa, kuma matakan teku suna ƙaruwa kuma waɗannan canje-canje suna ƙara haɗarin zafi, ambaliyar ruwa, fari, da gobara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Effects of climate change |url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/climate-change/effects-of-climate-change |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=Met Office |language=en}}</ref> Wadannan sune cikakkun tasirin canjin yanayi a Botswana. === Biodiversity === [[File:Biodiversity_Pyramid_(English).png|thumb|335x335px|Pyramid na Rarrabuwar abubuwa masu rai.]] Canjin yanayi da hulɗarsa tare da wasu masu damuwa sun shafi bambancin halittu kuma jinsunan da ke da ƙananan rarraba, ƙarancin yalwa da wuraren zama na musamman galibi suna da rauni.<ref name=":8">{{Citation|journal=Desalegn|url-status=Adeleke|access-date=da Silva}}</ref> === Lafiya === A halin yanzu, kusan kashi 30% na yawan mutanen Botswana suna fuskantar haɗarin kamuwa da zazzabin cizon sauro a kowace shekara kuma yawancin shari'o'in suna faruwa a gundumomin arewa tare da Bobonong, Tutume, Serowe, Phalapye da Boteti suna cikin yankin canjin zaurar.<ref name=":9">{{URL|https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/BOTSWANA%20THIRD%20NATIONAL%20COMUNICATION}}</ref> A cikin shekarun ruwan sama mai yawa don haɗarin zazzabin cizon sauro ya koma yamma da Kudu. Sakamakon cutar zawo ya zo tare da tsarin cyclical na bimodal tare le tsaunuka a watan Maris (ANOVA p < 0.001) da Oktoba (anoVAp <0.001).<ref name=":5" /> Akwai kyakkyawar alaƙa ta kai tsaye (p < 0.001) a cikin adadin da aka ruwaito a matakin jinkiri na wata ɗaya.<ref name=":5" /> Canjin yanayi (ruwa, mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki, da matsin tururi) an yi hasashen zazzabi na yanayi tare da jinkirin wata ɗaya a cikin masu canji (p < 0.001). Sakamakon cutar zawo ya kasance mafi girma a lokacin fari bayan lissafin wasu masu canji, yana nuna a matsakaita karuwar 20% akan matsakaicin shekara-shekara (p < 0.001)<ref name=":5">{{cite journal |last1=Alexander |first1=Kathleen A. |last2=Carzolio |first2=Marcos |last3=Goodin |first3=Douglas |last4=Vance |first4=Eric |title=Climate change is likely to worsen the public health threat of diarrheal disease in Botswana |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |date=26 March 2013 |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=1202–1230 |doi=10.3390/ijerph10041202 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23531489/ |access-date=1 May 2023 |issn=1660-4601}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 (CC BY 3.0)] license.</ref> === Jinsi === Akwai dalilai da yawa na bambance-bambance a cikin tasirin canjin yanayi da maza da mata ke fuskanta wannan bambancin ya fito ne daga bambaran siyasa na tattalin arziki da zamantakewa.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=What does gender equality have to do with climate change? |url=https://climatepromise.undp.org/news-and-stories/what-does-gender-equality-have-do-climate-change |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=UNDP Climate Promise |language=en}}</ref> Yawancin manoma masu ɗorewa duk da haka mata ne da suka noma don inganta tsaron abinci na gida duk lokacin da aka kara rawar da aikin gona da yawancin mata ba su da iko akan ƙasa kuma ba sa samun damar fadada aikin noma da bashi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gender and Climate Change: Botswana Case Study {{!}} Heinrich Böll Stiftung |url=https://www.boell.de/en/2010/04/27/gender-and-climate-change-botswana-case-study |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":10" /> Shafuka da yawa na [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] sun ba da gudummawa ga iyakancewar damar samun sabis da ƙwarewa duk waɗannan abubuwan suna sa mata musamman masu saukin kamuwa da tasirin canjin yanayi.<ref>{{Cite web |title={{!}} Heinrich Böll Stiftung |url=https://www.boell.de/en/taxonomy/term/all/products |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung |language=en}}</ref> Canjin yanayi yana wakiltar ƙalubalen da ya fi rikitarwa a zamaninmu kuma yana buƙatar aiki tare da amsawa cikakke. A duk faɗin biranen tasirin canjin yanayi yana shafar mata da maza daban.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gender and climate change |url=https://www.iucn.org/resources/issues-brief/gender-and-climate-change |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=IUCN |language=en}}</ref> Mata da 'yan mata suna fuskantar manyan tasirin canjin yanayi, wanda ke kara yawan rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi da ke akwai kuma yana haifar da barazana ta musamman ga rayuwarsu, lafiya, da aminci.<ref>{{URL|1=https://www.unwomen.org/en/news-stories/explainer/2022/02/explainer-how-gender-inequality-and-climate-change-are-interconnected#:~:text=The%20climate%20crisis%20is%20not,less%20access%20to%2C%20natural%20resources.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Explainer: How gender inequality and climate change are interconnected |url=https://www.unwomen.org/en/news-stories/explainer/2022/02/explainer-how-gender-inequality-and-climate-change-are-interconnected |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=UN Women – Headquarters |language=en}}</ref> ==== Aikin noma ==== Canjin yanayi, wanda ya zo tare da yanayin zafi mafi girma, ƙarancin ƙasa da ruwa, ambaliyar ruwa. Wadannan sun fi shafar mutanen da ke fama da rauni suna sanya su cikin haɗarin yunwa da rashin tsaro na abinci. An kiyasta cewa hadarin duniya na yunwa da [[rashin abinci mai gina jiki]] na iya ƙaruwa da kashi 20 cikin dari a shekarar 2050<ref>CLIMATE AND HEALTH COUNTRY PROFILE – 2015 BOTSWANA, (2015), World Health Organisation, retrieved 30/04/2023</ref> == Daidaitawa da ragewa == Canjin yanayi na gaske ne kuma babbar barazana ce ga dukan wayewarmu da duniya baki daya. Sakamakon canjin yanayi ya riga ya bayyana kuma zai haifar da mummunar lalacewa idan ba mu yi aiki ba yanzu, ta hanyar ilimi, kawowa da aiwatar da sababbin ra'ayoyi da bin alkawuranmu na yanayi, za mu iya yin canje-canje masu mahimmanci don kare duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Goal 13: Climate action |url=https://globalgoals.org/goals/13-climate-action/ |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=The Global Goals}}</ref> == Kudin yanayi == Botswana na da niyyar rage yawan hayaki da kashi 15% daga shekarar 2010 ta hanyar 2038 a farashin da ake tsammani na dala biliyan 18.4. An kiyasta wannan burin rage hayaki bisa ga kayan GHGs na asali don GG guda uku kasancewa CO2, CH4 da N2O. Rufe makamashi, sharar gida, da bangarorin noma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FAO.org : |url=https://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/fr/c/LEX-FAOC187052/ |access-date=2023-04-30 |website=www.fao.org}}</ref> Wannan lissafin bai haɗa da hayaki na CH4 daga noman dabbobi ba, galibi daga fermentation na ciki, duk da haka, ƙasar tana da niyyar aiwatar da matakan ragewa ga wannan ɓangaren.<ref>[https://drmims.sadc.int/sites/default/files/document/2020-03/2017_SAClimate%20Finance_Botswana-Country-Diagnostic.pdf Botswana Country Diagnostic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430143125/https://drmims.sadc.int/sites/default/files/document/2020-03/2017_SAClimate%20Finance_Botswana-Country-Diagnostic.pdf |date=2023-04-30 }} , May (2017), Southern African Climate Finance Partnership, https://drmims.sadc.int/{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Retrieved 30/04/2023</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Yanayin Muhalli na Botswana|Yanayin Botswana]] * [[Canjin yanayi a Afirka]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Botswana]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kqb661sdy44h44qrtvbx445w70ftxe8 0 51522 974806 667131 2026-11-01T14:44:26Z Nura Bello 24854 974806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:WFTN-FM former logo (2000-2003).png|thumb|splash fm logo]] Splash '''FM''' (105.5&nbsp;MHz) gidan rediyo ne a [[Ibadan]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Jihar Oyo]], [[Najeriya]]. Tashar tana watsa cikakken tsarin sabis tare da labarai na gida, shirye-shiryen magana da kiɗa. mallakin West Midlands Communications Limited. == Tarihi == Cif Adebayo Muritala Akande, “Agbaakin Olubadan na Landan Ibadan” <ref>"Chief Adebayo Muritala Akande" . nigerianbestforum.com.</ref> shi ne ya kafa gidan rediyon, kuma ya fara watsa shirye-shirye a ranar [[22 (alƙalami)|22]] ga watan [[Maris]] a shekarar 2007. Ita ce gidan rediyo mai zaman kanta na farko a cikin birnin [[Ibadan]]. Babban makasudin gidan rediyon shi ne dinke barakar da ke tsakanin tashar da ake da ita da kuma al’ummar Ibadan ta hanyar sauke nauyin da ya rataya a wuyansu na yada labarai da nishadantarwa da wayar da kan jama’a. Bisa la’akari da haka, Hukumar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Rashawa (ICPC) ta mayar da ita “Tashar Integrity” ko kuma “Radio Omoluabi” a [[Yarbanci|harshen Yarbanci]] a ranar 25 ga watan Agusta 2008. == Marathon == Splash FM/ICPC Integrity Marathon ana shirya shi duk shekara ta Splash FM da ICPC. Tana murnar zagayowar ranar da gidan rediyon ya yi tare da wayar da kan jama'a kan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa a cikin al'ummar Najeriya.<ref>"Splash Fm ICPC Marathon Race" . biomedcentral.com.</ref> <ref>"splash-fm-preaches-integrity-marathon" . bizwatchnigeria.ng.</ref> <ref>"Splash 105.5FM Celebrity Special (Valentine Edition)" . cultureshocknigerians.com.</ref> == Fitattun masu gabatarwa == *[[Kolade Dominate Olowu]] *[[Ronke Giwa-Onafuwa]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Gidajen rediyo a Najeriya]] 3stvvul77o0s8p6wiopcsywvqh7w6hz 0 54118 974797 916283 2026-11-01T13:40:00Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357318070|Uyoyou Adia]]" 974797 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uyoyou Adia''' 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce kuma darektan fina-finai da aka sani da rawar da ta taka a cikin Charge and Bail, The Sessions da Hey You . == Ayyuka == Adia ta fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a shekarar 2013, tana fitowa a fim din Child, Not Bride .A cikin 2017, ta yi aiki tare da Tope Oshin da Remi Ibinola .Bayan horo, an zaba ta don shiga cikin Homevida, wani bita na rubuce-rubuce da Google, USAID da Jami'ar Pan-Atlantic suka goyi bayan.Tun daga wannan lokacin, ta rubuta, ta ba da umarni kuma ta fito a fina-finai da yawa.[1] == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == An zabi ta ne don Kyautar Fim da Fasaha ta Afirka don Mafi kyawun Mai Fim mai Fim. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2019 African Films and Arts Festival Nominations |url=https://theafricanfilmfestival.org/Festival/Winners/2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730164752/https://theafricanfilmfestival.org/Festival/Winners/2019 |archive-date=2022-07-30 |access-date=2022-07-30}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''Yaro Ba amarya ba'' * ''[[Nneka the Pretty Serpent (2020 film)|Nneka: Kyakkyawan Macijin]]'' (2020) <ref name=":0" /> * ''[[rattlesnake: The Ahanna Story|Rattlesnake: Labarin Ahanna]]'' (2020) <ref name=":0" /> * Ghost da Tout (2018) <ref name=":0" /> * Cajewa da Bail (2021) * ''Superstar'' (2021) * ''[[The Sessions (fim na 2020)|Taron]]'' (2020) * Hey You (2022) * L.I.F.E (2024) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] szudtyxvtdsyhq02fo4d3sctr0bg2qs 974798 974797 2026-11-01T13:40:27Z Salma Raddah 45959 974798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Uyoyou Adia''' 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce kuma darektan fina-finai da aka sani da rawar da ta taka a cikin Charge and Bail, The Sessions da Hey You . == Ayyuka == Adia ta fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a shekarar 2013, tana fitowa a fim din Child, Not Bride .A cikin 2017, ta yi aiki tare da Tope Oshin da Remi Ibinola .Bayan horo, an zaba ta don shiga cikin Homevida, wani bita na rubuce-rubuce da Google, USAID da Jami'ar Pan-Atlantic suka goyi bayan.Tun daga wannan lokacin, ta rubuta, ta ba da umarni kuma ta fito a fina-finai da yawa.[1] == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == An zabi ta ne don Kyautar Fim da Fasaha ta Afirka don Mafi kyawun Mai Fim mai Fim. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2019 African Films and Arts Festival Nominations |url=https://theafricanfilmfestival.org/Festival/Winners/2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730164752/https://theafricanfilmfestival.org/Festival/Winners/2019 |archive-date=2022-07-30 |access-date=2022-07-30}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''Yaro Ba amarya ba'' * ''[[Nneka the Pretty Serpent (2020 film)|Nneka: Kyakkyawan Macijin]]'' (2020) <ref name=":0" /> * ''[[rattlesnake: The Ahanna Story|Rattlesnake: Labarin Ahanna]]'' (2020) <ref name=":0" /> * Ghost da Tout (2018) <ref name=":0" /> * Cajewa da Bail (2021) * ''Superstar'' (2021) * ''[[The Sessions (fim na 2020)|Taron]]'' (2020) * Hey You (2022) * L.I.F.E (2024) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 76d500xt7110fe3wcepmy6in0e74tye 0 54177 974996 971415 2026-11-01T19:51:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Chike C. Nwoffiah listenⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Yulin 1965 a Najeriya) ɗan fim ne kuma mai ba da shawara kan zane-zane. An lissafa shi a matsayin daya daga cikin "Top Ten Most Influential African Americans" a cikin San Francisco Bay Area ta City Flight Magazine a cikin 2000. == Ilimi da aiki == Nwoffiah ta yi karatu a [[Kwalejin Gwamnati Umuahia|Kwalejin Gwamnati, Umuahia]], da [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=SPEAKER: Chike Nwoffiah |url=https://www.twasummit.com/chike-nwoffiah |access-date=15 June 2021 |website=Trade With Africa}}</ref> kafin ta koma Amurka don karatu a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Jami'ar Columbia (INM) da Cibiyar Fim ta Hollywood . Ya kasance shugaban kungiyar Rhesus Media Group kuma babban darakta na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Oriki, duka biyu a California.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2022 |title=Chike Nwoffiah Biography: All You Need To Know |url=https://gossiptrendz.com/chike-nwoffiah-biography/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419050401/https://gossiptrendz.com/chike-nwoffiah-biography/ |archive-date=19 April 2023 |access-date=16 February 2023 |website=GossipTrendz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2007 |title=Music - Chike C. Nwoffiah |url=http://www.paloaltoonline.com/weekly/morguepdf/2007/2007_03_30.paw.section1.pdf |access-date=16 February 2010 |website=Palo Alto Online - page 15 - Worth a Look |publisher=Palo Alto Weekly |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616014138/http://www.paloaltoonline.com/weekly/morguepdf/2007/2007_03_30.paw.section1.pdf |archive-date=16 June 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya kasance memba na ma'aikata a Kwalejin Menlo, California . <ref name="Wunder">{{Cite web |date=27 October 2017 |title=An Interview with Silicon Valley's African Film Festival founder Chike C Nwoffiah |url=https://thewunderland.de/interview-silicon-valleys-african-film-festival-founder-chike-c-nwoffiah/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616044906/https://thewunderland.de/interview-silicon-valleys-african-film-festival-founder-chike-c-nwoffiah/ |archive-date=16 June 2021 |access-date=15 June 2021 |website=The Wunderland |publisher=The Wunderland 2021}}</ref> Ya kasance Babban Abokin Hulɗa a C3 Media, [[Abuja]], Najeriya. Ya kasance darektan bikin fina-finai na Silicon Valley na Afirka . <ref name="Wunder" /> == Hotunan fina-finai == * 2000: Girman baki a Amurka''Girma da baƙar fata a Amurka'' * 2001: ''Jamaica - Ruhun Kasuwanci'' * 2002: ''Tantu'' * 2003: ''Wani Gishiri a Tarihi'' * 2004: Kisan kai a Choctaw''Kashewa a cikin Choctaw'' * 2005: Kowane Ƙididdigar Sauka''Kowane Kashi na Sauka'' * 2006: ''Bridges'' * 2007: ''Farka Afirka'' * 2009: ''Addu'a don Inauguration'' * 2009: ''Sabar - rayuwa rawa ce!'' == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] ojkxe8e56cs59tjlfx68ct4n0p29zpk 0 54424 975012 628764 2026-11-01T20:15:03Z Almustapha bk 49060 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1383243041|Declan Rice]]" 975012 wikitext text/x-wiki Declan Rice (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1999) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida na kulob din Premier League [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] da ƙungiyar ƙwallon Ingila.An san shi da ƙwarewarsa, ƙarfinsa, ɗaukar kwallon da kuma tackling, <ref name=":2" /> an dauke shi daya daga cikin mafi kyawun 'yan wasan tsakiya a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Roberts |first=Olly |date=23 June 2023 |title=Ranking the best defensive midfielders in the world from 'Ballon d'Or worthy' to 'past it now' |url=https://www.givemesport.com/ranking-the-15-best-defensive-midfielders-in-the-world-ft-rice-rodri-caicedo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817145740/https://www.givemesport.com/ranking-the-15-best-defensive-midfielders-in-the-world-ft-rice-rodri-caicedo/ |archive-date=17 August 2023 |access-date=30 July 2024 |website=GiveMeSport}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2024 |title=2024 FC 100: Odegaard among best midfielders in men's soccer |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/40179265/2024-fc-100-martin-odegaard-best-midfielders-men-soccer |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250217175431/https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/40179265/2024-fc-100-martin-odegaard-best-midfielders-men-soccer |archive-date=17 February 2025 |access-date=31 July 2024 |website=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2025 |title=Declan Rice: Arsenal star cements place as one of world's best midfielders in win over Real Madrid |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cn5xq60k20wo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250417151315/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cn5xq60k20wo |archive-date=17 April 2025 |access-date=20 April 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Rice ya fara sana'arsa a [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]], bayan da makarantar [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] ta sake shi, kuma ya kafa kansa a matsayin babban dan wasan farko a shekarar 2017.A shekara ta 2022, ya gaji Mark Noble a matsayin Kyaftin din kulob din, kuma ya jagoranci kulob din zuwa gasar UEFA Europa Conference League a shekara mai zuwa, tare da sanya masa suna dan wasan gasar.Bayan ya buga wasanni 245 a West Ham, Arsenal ta sanya hannu kan Rice a watan Yulin 2023 don kuɗin rikodin kulob din na fam miliyan 100, wanda ya sanya shi dan wasan Ingila mafi tsada a tarihi kuma ya ci gaba da taimaka musu lashe [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]] ta farko a cikin shekaru 22. Ya cancanci buga wa Ingila ko Jamhuriyar Ireland wasa, Rice ta wakilci karshen a duniya a duka matasa da manyan matakan kafin 2019.Daga baya ya canza amincinsa na kasa kuma ya sanya kansa don zabar Ingila.Rice ya fara bugawa Ingila a shekarar 2019 kuma an haɗa shi a cikin tawagar UEFA Euro 2020, [[2026 FIFA World Cup]]">Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIFA ta 2022, UEFA Euro 2024 da kuma gasar cin kocin duniya ta FIFA a 2026, inda ya kammala matsayi na biyu a gasar zakarun Turai da ya halarta. == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == An haifi Declan Rice <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2018 |title=Updated squads for 2017/18 Premier League confirmed |url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/612828 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202113600/https://www.premierleague.com/news/612828 |archive-date=2 February 2020 |access-date=18 February 2018 |publisher=Premier League}}</ref> a ranar 14 ga watan Janairun 1999 <ref>{{Cite web |title=D. Rice: Summary |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/declan-rice/408158/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709140337/https://uk.soccerway.com/players/declan-rice/408158/ |archive-date=9 July 2019 |access-date=12 April 2020 |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group}}</ref> a Kingston a kan Thames, London, ga mahaifin Sean da mahaifiyar Stephanie. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Hehir |first=Paul |date=20 March 2018 |title=Ireland's Declan Rice looks to an unlikely friend for guidance |url=https://www.irishmirror.ie/sport/soccer/soccer-news/declan-rice-looks-good-friend-12214311 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190206233654/https://www.irishmirror.ie/sport/soccer/soccer-news/declan-rice-looks-good-friend-12214311 |archive-date=6 February 2019 |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[Irish Mirror]]}}</ref><ref name="Law-2021">{{Cite web |last=Law |first=Matt |date=13 June 2021 |title=The making of Declan Rice: Tears at Chelsea axe, stand-up comedy - and how Pellegrini helped him commit to England |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/euro-2021/0/declan-rice-england-squad-euros-football-player-euro-team/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250426020458/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/euro-2021/0/declan-rice-england-squad-euros-football-player-euro-team/ |archive-date=26 April 2025 |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref> Yana da 'yan'uwa maza biyu, Connor da Jordan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rice |first=Declan |date=7 November 2022 |title=Declan Rice's grassroots story |url=https://www.englandfootball.com/articles/2022/Nov/07/england-declan-rice-grassroots-football-story-20220711 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260120004337/https://www.englandfootball.com/articles/2022/Nov/07/england-declan-rice-grassroots-football-story-20220711 |archive-date=20 January 2026 |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[The Football Association]]}}</ref> Kakanninsa na mahaifinsa sun fito ne daga Douglas, County Cork, a Ireland. Ya fara buga kwallon kafa a Dickerage Lane Adventure Playground a Kingston . <ref name="Law-2021" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pengelly |first=Emma |date=8 July 2021 |title=The Kingston YMCA Declan Rice calls his 'second home' |url=https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/sport/football/kingston-ymca-declan-rice-calls-20999729 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251206142415/https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/sport/football/kingston-ymca-declan-rice-calls-20999729 |archive-date=6 December 2025 |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[Surrey Live]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 2006, ya shiga Kwalejin Chelsea yana da shekaru bakwai, inda ya yi abota da abokin wasan Ingila Mason Mount. <ref name="Law-2021" /> A shekara ta 2013, bayan da aka sake shi yana da shekaru 14, ya shiga West Ham United Academy bayan lokacin gwaji a cikin bazara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2023 |title=West Ham United Club Statement |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/west-ham-united-club-statement |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715073248/https://www.whufc.com/news/west-ham-united-club-statement |archive-date=15 July 2023 |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[West Ham United F.C.]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2023 |title=A personal message to West Ham United supporters from Declan Rice… |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/personal-message-west-ham-united-supporters-declan-rice |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715072920/https://www.whufc.com/news/personal-message-west-ham-united-supporters-declan-rice |archive-date=15 July 2023 |access-date=15 July 2023 |website=[[West Ham United F.C.]]}}</ref> Kocin Kwalejin Trevor Bumstead ya bayyana cewa ƙuduri da juriya na Rice ne suka taimaka masa ya shiga cikin matsayi a West Ham. Rice ta lashe kofin Premier League a shekarar 2016 tare da 'yan kasa da shekara 21 da kuma Premier League 2 Division 2 a shekarar 2020 tare da' yan kasa da shekara 23.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 December 2017 |title=Rice: Football is all about trophies |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2017/december/19-december/rice-football-all-about-trophies |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171221095107/https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2017/december/19-december/rice-football-all-about-trophies |archive-date=21 December 2017 |access-date=9 June 2023 |website=[[West Ham United F.C.]]}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == === West Ham United === ==== 2015–2020 ==== [[File:Hertha_BSC_vs._West_Ham_United_20190731_(191).jpg|thumb|Rice tana wasa da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] a shekarar 2019]] A ranar 16 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2015, shekaru biyu bayan ya shiga West Ham United a matakin matasa, Rice ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar sana'arsa ta farko tare da kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2018 |title=Declan Rice: A career timeline |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2018/december/28-december/declan-rice-career-timeline |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229031200/https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2018/december/28-december/declan-rice-career-timeline |archive-date=29 December 2018 |access-date=28 December 2018 |publisher=West Ham United F.C.}}</ref> Rice ya karbi kiransa na farko zuwa babbar tawagar West Ham don wasannin da ya yi da [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da [[Everton FC|Everton]] a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2017, bayan ya burge a cikin tawagar 'yan kasa da shekara 23.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Inkersole |first=Sam |date=9 May 2017 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Declan Rice says he will stay level headed despite West Ham call-up |url=http://www.football.london/west-ham-united-fc/players/exclusive-declan-rice-says-stay-13007172 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408101410/https://www.football.london/west-ham-united-fc/players/exclusive-declan-rice-says-stay-13007172 |archive-date=8 April 2019 |access-date=22 May 2017 |website=football.london}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasan farko da [[Burnley FC|Burnley]] a ranar karshe ta kakar Premier League ta 2016-17, ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin [[Edimilson Fernandes]] a minti na 91 a cikin nasara 2-1 a waje, kwanaki biyar bayan ya jagoranci 'yan kasa da shekaru 23 zuwa gabatarwa tare da nasarar 2-1 a waje ga [[Newcastle United F.C. Reserves and Academy|Newcastle United]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rice&nbsp;– It's a dream come true |url=http://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2017/may/22-may/rice-its-dream-come-true |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401004629/http://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2017/may/22-may/rice-its-dream-come-true |archive-date=1 April 2018 |access-date=22 May 2017 |publisher=West Ham United F.C.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2017 |title=Newcastle United v West Ham United |url=https://www.whufc.com/fixtures/first-team/fixtures-and-results/season-20162017/newcastle-united-vs-west-ham-united-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818214244/https://www.whufc.com/fixtures/first-team/fixtures-and-results/season-20162017/newcastle-united-vs-west-ham-united-1 |archive-date=18 August 2017 |access-date=18 August 2017 |publisher=West Ham United F.C.}}</ref> Farkonsa na farko ya zo ne a ranar 19 ga watan Agusta 2017 a cikin shan kashi 3-2 a [[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Inkersole |first=Sam |date=19 August 2017 |title=Revealed:Rice starts for West Ham against Southampton and Antonio returns |url=http://www.football.london/west-ham-united-fc/fixtures-results/revealed-declan-rice-starts-west-13500341 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906055638/https://www.football.london/west-ham-united-fc/fixtures-results/revealed-declan-rice-starts-west-13500341 |archive-date=6 September 2018 |access-date=24 August 2017 |website=football.london}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2018, an sanya sunan Rice a matsayin wanda ya zo na biyu a kyautar Hammer of the Year ta 2017-18 a bayan [[Marko Arnautović]] . <ref name="WHUArnautovic2018">{{Cite web |title=Arnautovic crowned Betway Hammer of the Year |url=http://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2018/april/25-april/arnautovic-crowned-betway-hammer-year |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426144900/http://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2018/april/25-april/arnautovic-crowned-betway-hammer-year |archive-date=26 April 2018 |access-date=26 April 2018 |publisher=West Ham United F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2018, ya buga wasan sa na 50 ga West Ham, <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 May 2019 |title=Declan Rice: My 2018/19 West Ham United season |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2019/may/17-may/declan-rice-my-201819-west-ham-united-season |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819184328/https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2019/may/17-may/declan-rice-my-201819-west-ham-united-season |archive-date=19 August 2019 |access-date=1 April 2025 |website=[[West Ham United F.C.]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Jay |date=23 December 2018 |title='What an achievement' – West Ham fans congratulate Rice on 50 appearances |url=https://www.hammers.news/club-news/what-an-achievement-west-ham-fans-congratulate-rice-on-50-appearances/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250417175023/https://www.hammers.news/club-news/what-an-achievement-west-ham-fans-congratulate-rice-on-50-appearances/ |archive-date=17 April 2025 |access-date=1 April 2025 |website=Hammers News |language=en-GB}}</ref> ya zama dan wasa na farko da ya yi hakan yayin da yake matashi tun Michael Carrick. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Inkersole |first=Sam |date=15 November 2018 |title=Mason's ironic cheers & Rice going mad – West Ham moments missed |url=https://www.football.london/west-ham-united-fc/fixtures-results/masons-ironic-cheers-holebass-clearance-15588611 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230081133/https://www.football.london/west-ham-united-fc/fixtures-results/masons-ironic-cheers-holebass-clearance-15588611 |archive-date=30 December 2018 |access-date=30 December 2018 |website=football.london}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2018 |title=Analysis: Resilient Rice has shown age is no barrier |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2018/december/29-december/analysis-resilient-rice-has-shown-age-no-barrier |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230080924/https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2018/december/29-december/analysis-resilient-rice-has-shown-age-no-barrier |archive-date=30 December 2018 |access-date=30 December 2018 |publisher=West Ham United F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 28 ga Disamba 2018, Rice ta sanya hannu kan sabon kwangila har zuwa 2024 tare da zaɓi na ƙarin shekara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=West Ham United sign Declan Rice to new long-term contract |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2018/december/28-december/west-ham-united-sign-declan-rice-new-long-term-contract |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229013712/https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2018/december/28-december/west-ham-united-sign-declan-rice-new-long-term-contract |archive-date=29 December 2018 |access-date=29 December 2018 |publisher=West Ham United F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga watan Janairun 2019, Rice ya zira kwallaye na farko a West Ham kuma an kira shi dan wasan wasan a cikin nasara 1-0 a kan [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]], a wasan Firimiya na 50 na West Ham a Filin wasa na London. A ranar 20 ga Afrilu, an sanya sunan Rice a cikin gajeren jerin sunayen don kyautar PFA Young Player of the Year, wanda daga ƙarshe aka ba da kyautar ga abokin wasan Rice na Ingila [[Raheem Sterling]] . A ƙarshen kakar 2018-19, an ba shi suna 'Yan wasa na Shekara kuma ya lashe kyautar don Ayyukan Mutum na Shekara, don wasan da ya ci Arsenal, kuma an ba shi sunan Young Hammer of the Year na kakar wasa ta uku a jere.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2019 |title=Delighted Declan Rice wins three Player Awards |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2019/may/09-may/delighted-declan-rice-wins-three-player-awards |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929105054/https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2019/may/09-may/delighted-declan-rice-wins-three-player-awards |archive-date=29 September 2020 |access-date=12 September 2020 |publisher=West Ham United F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 28 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019, Rice ta zama kyaftin din West Ham a karo na farko, yana da shekaru 20, a wasan da aka yi da Leicester City 2-1 a gida.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2019 |title=Team news: Fabianski returns, Reid on bench, Rice named captain |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2019/december/28-december/team-news-fabianski-returns-reid-bench-rice-named-captain |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902232918/https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2019/december/28-december/team-news-fabianski-returns-reid-bench-rice-named-captain |archive-date=2 September 2021 |access-date=3 September 2021 |publisher=[[West Ham United F.C.]]}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye na farko kuma kawai na Premier League na kakar a ranar 17 ga Yulin 2020, tare da yajin aiki a waje da Watford, a cikin nasara 3-1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 July 2020 |title=West Ham 3–1 Watford: Hammers close in on Premier League safety |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/west-ham-vs-watford/report/408340 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724215119/https://www.skysports.com/football/west-ham-vs-watford/report/408340 |archive-date=24 July 2020 |access-date=27 July 2020 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> A cikin kakar 2019-20, Rice ta buga kowane minti na wasanni 38 na West Ham.Ya kasance a cikin manyan 'yan wasa biyar na Premier League don duka tackles da interceptions, yana jagorantar' yan wasan West Ham a duka rukuni biyu kuma yana yin karin wucewa fiye da kowane abokin wasa.An ba shi suna Hammer of the Year a karo na farko a shekarar 2020.<ref name="hoty1920">{{Cite web |date=26 July 2020 |title=Declan Rice crowned 2019/20 Betway Hammer of the Year |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2020/july/26-july/declan-rice-crowned-201920-betway-hammer-year |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726185846/https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2020/july/26-july/declan-rice-crowned-201920-betway-hammer-year |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=27 July 2020 |publisher=West Ham United F.C.}}</ref> ==== 2020–2023 ==== [[File:Rice_UEFA_winner.jpeg|thumb|Rice (dama) tana murna a filin wasa bayan ta lashe gasar cin kofin UEFA Europa ta 2023 tare da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]]]] A ranar 15 ga watan Fabrairun 2021, Rice ya zira kwallaye na farko na kakar <ref>{{Cite web |title=On This Day: Declan Rice's memorable first West Ham United goal |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/day-declan-rices-memorable-first-west-ham-united-goal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522195809/https://www.whufc.com/news/day-declan-rices-memorable-first-west-ham-united-goal |archive-date=22 May 2022 |access-date=1 April 2025 |website=[[West Ham United F.C.]]}}</ref> lokacin da ya canza fanati kuma ya sanya tawagar a kan Sheffield United a cikin nasarar da ta ƙare 3-0. A watan Afrilu na 2021, bayan da ya taka leda a dukkan wasannin West Ham har zuwa yanzu a kakar 2020-21, an kori Rice na makonni hudu tare da raunin gwiwa da aka samu a aikin kasa da kasa tare da Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=6 April 2021 |title=Declan Rice: West Ham midfielder to miss four weeks with knee injury |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/56640577 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406005216/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/56640577 |archive-date=6 April 2021 |access-date=6 April 2021 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga Satumba 2021, Rice ya fara bugawa Turai kuma ya zira kwallaye na farko a Turai a nasarar 2-0 a kan Dinamo Zagreb a gasar Europa League . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2021 |title=Declan Rice: It's an incredible feeling to win in Europe |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2021/september/16-september/declan-rice-its-incredible-feeling-win-europe |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916203226/https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2021/september/16-september/declan-rice-its-incredible-feeling-win-europe |archive-date=16 September 2021 |access-date=16 September 2021 |publisher=West Ham United F.C. |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2022, an ba da sunan Rice a matsayin Hammer of the Year a karo na biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=As It Happened: 2021/22 Player Awards brought to you by Betway in aid of the Academy |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/it-happened-202122-player-awards-brought-you-betway-aid-academy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031141405/https://www.whufc.com/news/it-happened-202122-player-awards-brought-you-betway-aid-academy |archive-date=31 October 2022 |access-date=9 May 2022 |publisher=West Ham United F.C.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Declan Rice crowned 2021/22 Betway Hammer of the Year |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/declan-rice-crowned-202122-betway-hammer-year |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618104833/https://www.whufc.com/news/declan-rice-crowned-202122-betway-hammer-year |archive-date=18 June 2022 |access-date=1 April 2025 |website=[[West Ham United F.C.]]}}</ref> Bayan yakin neman zaɓe na West Ham na Europa League, wanda ya gan su sun kai wasan kusa da na karshe, an kira Rice a cikin 2021-22 UEFA Europa League Team of the Year tare da abokin aiki Craig Dawson . Bayan ritaya na Mark Noble a watan Mayu 2022, an nada Rice a matsayin kyaftin din West Ham . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Colman |first=Jonty |date=29 July 2022 |title=Declan Rice relishing in role as West Ham's captain as he sets England target |url=https://www.football.london/west-ham-united-fc/declan-rice-west-ham-england-24623803 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922005359/https://www.football.london/west-ham-united-fc/declan-rice-west-ham-england-24623803 |archive-date=22 September 2022 |access-date=30 July 2022 |website=Football.London}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2022, Rice ya buɗe asusun zira kwallaye na kakar, <ref>{{Cite web |title=2021/22 Betway Player Awards round-up |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/202122-betway-player-awards-round |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603125900/https://www.whufc.com/news/202122-betway-player-awards-round |archive-date=3 June 2022 |access-date=1 April 2025 |website=[[West Ham United F.C.]]}}</ref> inda ya zira kwallayen curling daga yadudduka 22 (20 don tabbatar da West Ham a cikin 1-1 draw a kan Southampton. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2022 |title=Goals: Southampton 1–1 West Ham United |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/goals-southampton-1-1-west-ham-united |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423190732/https://www.whufc.com/news/goals-southampton-1-1-west-ham-united |archive-date=23 April 2023 |access-date=23 April 2023 |website=West Ham United F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Afrilu 2023, Rice ta zira kwallaye na uku na West Ham a cikin nasara 4-1 a gasar UEFA Europa Conference League a kan kungiyar Gent ta Belgium, ta dauki kwallon sama da mita 50 (55 yd) kafin ta gama tsohon mai tsaron gidan Gent Davy Roef, wanda ya haifar da burin da aka lakafta "watakila yajin aikin Rice" ta The Daily Telegraph . A watan Mayu 2023, an sake masa suna Hammer of the Year, don kakar 2022-23. <ref name="HotY23">{{Cite web |date=21 May 2023 |title=Declan Rice crowned Betway Hammer of the Year for 2022/23 |url=http://www.whufc.com/news/declan-rice-crowned-betway-hammer-year-202223 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522114416/https://www.whufc.com/news/declan-rice-crowned-betway-hammer-year-202223 |archive-date=22 May 2023 |access-date=22 May 2023 |website=West Ham United F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga watan Yunin 2023, an kira Rice a matsayin dan wasan Europa Conference League na kakar wasa ta [[UEFA]] yayin da Rice ta jagoranci West Ham zuwa babban kofin Turai na farko tun 1965 bayan nasarar 2-1 a kan Fiorentina a wasan ƙarshe kwana daya da suka gabata.<ref name="ConfPOTS">{{Cite web |date=8 June 2023 |title=Declan Rice named UEFA Europa Conference League Player of the Season |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaconferenceleague/news/0282-183500452524-1c503bccb2ed-1000--conference-league-player-of-the-season-rice/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608135306/https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaconferenceleague/news/0282-183500452524-1c503bccb2ed-1000--conference-league-player-of-the-season-rice/ |archive-date=8 June 2023 |access-date=8 June 2023 |website=UEFA}}</ref> A lokacin kakar 2022-23, Rice ta lashe nasara fiye da kowane dan wasan Premier League.Ya kuma yi mafi yawan tsayar da dukkan 'yan wasan Premier League.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Segar |first=David |date=29 June 2023 |title=Why West Ham's Declan Rice is a Wanted Man |url=https://theanalyst.com/articles/declan-rice-arsenal-man-city-transfer |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260429051530/https://theanalyst.com/articles/declan-rice-arsenal-man-city-transfer |archive-date=29 April 2026 |access-date=10 July 2023 |website=Opta Analyst}}</ref> Rice ta bar West Ham a watan Yulin 2023, ta koma [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]].Ya buga wasanni 245 ga West Ham, inda ya zira kwallaye 15.Yana daya daga cikin kyaftin din West Ham guda uku, tare da [[Bobby Moore]] da [[Billy Bonds]], wadanda suka jagoranci kulob din zuwa babban kofin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DECLAN RICE EXPLAINS 'TOUGH DECISION' TO LEAVE IN EMOTIONAL GOODBYE TO WEST HAM FANS AS EXIT CONFIRMED |url=https://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/declan-rice-explains-tough-decision-to-leave-in-emotional-goodbye-to-hammers-fans_sto9701731/story.shtml |access-date=16 July 2023 |website=eurosport.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Power |first=Lee |date=15 July 2023 |title=Rice gives thanks as Hammers departure confirmed |url=https://www.newhamrecorder.co.uk/sport/23657536.declan-rice-gives-thanks-west-ham-united-exit-confirmed/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716051651/https://www.newhamrecorder.co.uk/sport/23657536.declan-rice-gives-thanks-west-ham-united-exit-confirmed/ |archive-date=16 July 2023 |access-date=16 July 2023 |website=[[Newham Recorder]]}}</ref> Shugaban West Ham David Sullivan ya ce kulob din ba ya son sayar da dan wasan, yana mai cewa suna so su gina tawagar a kusa da shi, amma Rice ya bayyana cewa yana so ya ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sternik |first=Seb |date=15 July 2023 |title=We did not want to sell West Hams David Sullivan makes Declan Rice admission amid Arsenal move |url=https://www.planetsport.com/soccer/news/want-sell-west-ham-david-sullivan-makes-declan-rice-admission-amid-arsenal-move |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026210321/https://www.planetsport.com/soccer/news/want-sell-west-ham-david-sullivan-makes-declan-rice-admission-amid-arsenal-move |archive-date=26 October 2023 |access-date=16 July 2023 |website=PlanetSport}}</ref> Rice ya ce game da canja wurin: "A ƙarshe, duk da haka, kawai ya kasance game da burina na yin wasa a matakin mafi girma na wasan. " === Arsenal === ==== 2023–24 ==== [[File:RC_Lens_-_Arsenal_FC_(03-10-2023)_23.jpg|thumb|Rice tana wasa da [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] a 2023]] A ranar 15 ga watan Yulin 2023, Rice ta sanya hannu a kulob din Premier League Arsenal kan kwangila na dogon lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2023 |title=Declan Rice completes transfer to Arsenal |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/declan-rice-completes-transfer-arsenal |access-date=15 July 2023 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> An ruwaito cewa kuɗin canja wurin ya kasance rikodin kulob din na farko £ 100m, mai yuwuwa ya tashi da £ 5m, a cikin kari, yana mai da shi dan wasan Ingila mafi tsada, daidai da rikodin da [[Jack Grealish]] ya yi a baya. An ba da tsarin canja wurin ne a matsayin West Ham yana karɓar £ 50m nan da nan kuma ƙarin £ 50m a lokacin rani na 2024.Za su kuma sami £ 1m a duk lokacin da Arsenal ta cancanci samun matsayi a [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai]] a lokacin da yake kulob din da kuma £ 1m idan ya buga kashi 60 cikin dari na wasanni a kakar wasa, tare da waɗannan biyan kuɗi da aka rufe a £ 5m. Rice ya fara bugawa Arsenal wasa na farko a wasan da ya yi da kungiyar MLS All Star ta 2023 a ranar 19 ga Yulin 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2023 |title=Declan Rice comes in as 2nd-half sub in Arsenal's 5-0 victory over the MLS All-Stars |url=https://apnews.com/article/declan-rice-mls-allstar-game-arsenal-d733e191427430d48e06a7840bd2ac78 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260819221914/https://apnews.com/article/declan-rice-mls-allstar-game-arsenal-d733e191427430d48e06a7840bd2ac78 |archive-date=19 August 2026 |access-date=21 August 2026 |website=Apnews.com}}</ref>Rice ya fara buga wasan farko na Arsenal a ranar 6 ga watan Agusta a kan Manchester City a cikin 2023 FA Community Shield, wanda Arsenal ta ci 4-1 a kan penalties bayan 1-1 draw.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 August 2023 |title=Arsenal 1–1 Man City (4–1 on pens) |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/arsenal-vs-manchester-city/report/482389 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811003444/https://www.skysports.com/football/arsenal-vs-manchester-city/report/482389 |archive-date=11 August 2023 |access-date=12 August 2023 |website=Sky Sports |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga watan Agusta, Rice ta fara wasan farko na Arsenal na kakar Premier League ta 2023-24, nasarar 2-1 a gida a kan Nottingham Forest.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walker |first=Andrew |date=12 August 2023 |title=Declan Rice's first-half by numbers: Midfielder superb vs. Forest |url=https://www.caughtoffside.com/2023/08/12/declan-rice-arsenal-stats-against-nottingham-forest/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025234745/https://www.caughtoffside.com/2023/08/12/declan-rice-arsenal-stats-against-nottingham-forest/ |archive-date=25 October 2023 |access-date=12 August 2023 |website=CaughtOffside |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga watan Satumba, ya zira kwallaye na farko ga Arsenal, a lokacin dakatarwa don baiwa tawagarsa jagora 2-1 a kan [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] a wasan da ya ƙare a nasarar 3-1. An sanar da Rice a matsayin wanda aka zaba don Mafi kyawun Dan wasan Maza na FIFA bisa ga wasan kwaikwayon da ya yi wa kungiyoyin London da tawagar kasa. A ranar 11 ga watan Fabrairu, Rice ya zira kwallaye na farko a kan tsohon kulob dinsa, West Ham United, a cikin nasara 6-0 a filin wasa na London, wanda shine mafi munin cin nasarar West Ham a gida a gasar tun 1963 a kan Blackburn Rovers. ==== 2024–25 ==== A ranar 21 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2024, Rice ta fito daga benci a kan Crystal Palace, inda ta zira kwallaye kuma ta taimaka wa abokin wasan Gabriel Martinelli a wasan 5-1 na ''Eagles''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=James |first=Josh |date=21 December 2024 |title=Report: Crystal Palace 1–5 Arsenal |url=https://www.arsenal.com/fixture/arsenal/2024-Dec-21/crystal-palace-1-5-arsenal-match-report |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250608154851/https://www.arsenal.com/fixture/arsenal/2024-Dec-21/crystal-palace-1-5-arsenal-match-report |archive-date=8 June 2025 |access-date=8 June 2025 |website=Arsenal.com |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga watan Janairun 2025, Rice ya zira kwallaye na farko na gasar zakarun Turai a nasarar 3-0 a kan Dinamo Zagreb.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2025 |title=Arsenal 3–0 Dinamo Zagreb: Player Ratings as Declan Rice Scores First Champions League Goal |url=https://onefootball.com/fr/news/arsenal-3-0-dinamo-zagreb-player-ratings-as-declan-rice-scores-first-champions-league-goal-40600604 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250413151111/https://onefootball.com/fr/news/arsenal-3-0-dinamo-zagreb-player-ratings-as-declan-rice-scores-first-champions-league-goal-40600604 |archive-date=13 April 2025 |access-date=8 April 2025 |publisher=OneFootball}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga watan Afrilu, ya zira kwallaye biyu kai tsaye a cikin nasarar 3-0 a gida a kan [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] a matakin farko na gasar zakarun Turai, ya zama dan wasa na farko da ya zira kwallan biyu a wasan zakarun zakarun. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2025 |title=(VIDEO) Declan Rice's Double Free Kick Wonder Goals with Arsenal to Knock Out Real Madrid in the Champions League |url=https://www.beinsports.com/en-us/soccer/uefa-champions-league/articles-video/-video-declan-rice-s-double-free-kick-wonder-goals-with-arsenal-to-knock-out-real-madrid-in-the-champions-league-2025-04-08 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250413151111/https://www.beinsports.com/en-us/soccer/uefa-champions-league/articles-video/-video-declan-rice-s-double-free-kick-wonder-goals-with-arsenal-to-knock-out-real-madrid-in-the-champions-league-2025-04-08 |archive-date=13 April 2025 |access-date=8 April 2025 |website=beIN SPORTS}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga watan Mayu, ya zira kwallaye guda daya a nasarar 1-0 a kan Newcastle United, inda Arsenal ta samu matsayi na biyu a gasar Firimiya da kuma cancantar shiga gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA a kakar wasa mai zuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McNicholas |first=James |last2=Waugh |first2=Chris |date=18 May 2025 |title=Arsenal 1 Newcastle 0 – Rice wraps up Champions League spot but Howe's side face final-day shootout |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6361815/2025/05/18/arsenal-newcastle-rice-arteta-champions-league/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250520120715/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6361815/2025/05/18/arsenal-newcastle-rice-arteta-champions-league/ |archive-date=20 May 2025 |access-date=6 June 2025 |publisher=The Athletic}}</ref> Bayan wani kamfen mai nasara tare da Arsenal, an zabi Rice a matsayin dan wasan Arsenal na kakar.<ref name="ArsenalPOTS2025">{{Cite web |last=Rogers |first=Jonathon |date=6 June 2025 |title=Rice wins men's Player of the Season for 2024/25 |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/rice-wins-mens-player-season-202425 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250607194921/https://www.arsenal.com/news/rice-wins-mens-player-season-202425 |archive-date=7 June 2025 |access-date=8 June 2025 |website=Arsenal |language=en}}</ref> An kuma zaba shi a cikin UEFA Champions League Team of the Season ta UEFA's Technical Observer Group, kuma an zabi shi don kyautar Firayim Minista na Season.<ref name="UEFATOTS2025">{{Cite web |date=1 June 2025 |title=2024/25 Champions League Team of the Season |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/029a-1de594e11846-742ee836b971-1000--2024-25-champions-league-team-of-the-season/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260116222244/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/029a-1de594e11846-742ee836b971-1000--2024-25-champions-league-team-of-the-season/ |archive-date=16 January 2026 |access-date=8 June 2025 |website=UEFA |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2025 |title=EA SPORTS 2024/25 Player of the Season shortlist |url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/4309067 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250608160049/https://www.premierleague.com/news/4309067 |archive-date=8 June 2025 |access-date=8 June 2025 |website=Premier League}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Yuni 2025, an ba da sanarwar cewa Rice na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa shida da aka zaba don PFA Players' Player of the Year . <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2025 |title=PFA Players' Player of the Year: Bruno Fernandes and Mohamed Salah among nominees |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cx23n4z20j9o |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250912050715/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cx23n4z20j9o |archive-date=12 September 2025 |access-date=20 June 2025 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> ==== 2025–26 ==== A ranar 5 ga Oktoba 2025, Declan Rice ya zira kwallaye na farko na kakar a kan tsohon kulob din [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] a wasan da ya ci gasar Firimiya 2-0.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2025 |title=Arsenal 2–0 West Ham: Game Analysis |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/report/_/gameId/740656 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251004165310/https://www.espn.com/soccer/report/_/gameId/740656 |archive-date=4 October 2025 |access-date=5 October 2025 |website=ESPN}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, ya ci kwallo a wasan da ya yi da [[Burnley FC|Burnley]] 2-0, inda ya sami kansa Man of the match saboda rawar da ya taka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Peat |first=Charlie |date=1 November 2025 |title=Report: Burnley 0–2 Arsenal |url=https://www.arsenal.com/fixture/arsenal/2025-Nov-01/burnley-0-2-arsenal-match-report |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251116191809/https://www.arsenal.com/fixture/arsenal/2025-Nov-01/burnley-0-2-arsenal-match-report |archive-date=16 November 2025 |access-date=6 December 2025 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga watan Disamba, an zabi shi don kyautar 'yan wasan Premier League na watan Nuwamba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2025 |title=Pick your EA SPORTS Player of the Month |url=https://www.premierleague.com/en/news/4480883/ea-sports-premier-league-player-of-the-month-november-2025-shortlist |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251204122921/https://www.premierleague.com/en/news/4480883/ea-sports-premier-league-player-of-the-month-november-2025-shortlist |archive-date=4 December 2025 |access-date=6 December 2025 |publisher=Premier League |language=en}}</ref> Rice ta kasance wani muhimmin bangare na Arsenal wanda ya lashe gasar Premier League ta 2025-26. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Robson |first=James |date=19 May 2026 |title=Arsenal wins its first Premier League title in 22 years after Man City draws with Bournemouth |url=https://apnews.com/article/man-city-bournemouth-arsenal-premier-league-title-tottenham-828b9b177f8c0484754945eeb4ee0d0f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260519230639/https://apnews.com/article/man-city-bournemouth-arsenal-premier-league-title-tottenham-828b9b177f8c0484754945eeb4ee0d0f |archive-date=19 May 2026 |access-date=19 May 2026 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == === Jamhuriyar Ireland === Ko da yake an haife shi a Landan, Rice ya cancanci buga wa Ireland wasa saboda kakanninsa daga Cork ne. A ranar 19 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2017, an ba Rice suna dan wasan Jamhuriyar Ireland U17 na shekara.<ref name="3fai2">{{Cite web |date=19 March 2017 |title=Winners revealed for Three FAI International Football Awards |url=http://www.fai.ie/ireland/news/winners-revealed-for-three-fai-international-football-awards |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202103842/http://www.fai.ie/ireland/news/winners-revealed-for-three-fai-international-football-awards |archive-date=2 December 2017 |access-date=24 May 2017 |publisher=Football Association of Ireland}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga Mayu 2017, kwanaki kawai bayan da ya fara buga [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], an kira Rice a cikin tawagar Jamhuriyar Ireland don buga wasannin sada zumunci da Mexico da Uruguay da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya a gida ga Austria. Ya fara bugawa a ranar 23 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2018 a wasan da ya ci Turkiyya 1-0. A watan Agustan 2018, kocin Martin O'Neill ya cire Rice daga tawagar don buga wa Wales wasa, wanda ya ce Rice tana la'akari da sauyawa don buga wa Ingila wasa bayan sun kusanci shi. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2018, bayan da aka cire shi daga kungiyoyi uku da O'Neill ya zaba, Rice ya ce bai kusa da yanke shawara ko zai buga wa Ireland ko Ingila wasa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 November 2018 |title=Declan Rice: Choosing between England and Republic of Ireland not easy |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46153251 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110035310/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46153251 |archive-date=10 November 2018 |access-date=10 November 2018 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2018, Rice ta sadu da sabon kocin Ireland Mick McCarthy da mataimakinsa, Robbie Keane .McCarthy ya ce Rice ya kasance kyaftin din Ireland na gaba kuma zai gina tawagar a kusa da Rice idan ya yanke shawarar buga wa kasar wasa. === Ingila === [[File:Declan_Rice_England_v_Ghana_at_2026_Fifa_World_Cup_by_YantsImages_01_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Rice tana wasa da Ingila a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2026[[2026 FIFA World Cup]]]] A ranar 13 ga watan Fabrairun 2019, Rice ya yi alkawarin makomar Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 2019 |title=Declan Rice pledges future to England |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/international/declan-rice-england-republic-of-ireland-country-nationality-west-ham-united-gareth-southgate-a8777776.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214002657/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/international/declan-rice-england-republic-of-ireland-country-nationality-west-ham-united-gareth-southgate-a8777776.html |archive-date=14 February 2019 |access-date=13 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2019 |title=Declan Rice: Is West Ham midfielder ready for England? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47286157 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219183533/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47286157 |archive-date=19 February 2019 |access-date=19 February 2019 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga watan Maris, [[FIFA]] ta tabbatar da canjin goyon bayansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2019 |title=Declan Rice: Fifa confirms West Ham midfielder's switch to England from Republic of Ireland |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47458759 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044745/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47458759 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga watan Maris, Ingila ta kira shi don wasannin cancantar UEFA Euro 2020 da ke zuwa da Jamhuriyar Czech da Montenegro. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2019 |title=Declan Rice: England call-up for West Ham midfielder for Euro 2020 qualifiers |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47551783 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190313123209/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47551783 |archive-date=13 March 2019 |access-date=13 March 2019 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya fara bugawa a ranar 22 ga watan Maris a matsayin mai maye gurbin minti na 63 a kan Jamhuriyar Czech a [[Filin wasa na Wembley|Wembley]]. A ranar 25 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2019, kocin Ingila Gareth Southgate ya ba Rice damar farawa ta farko a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa a lokacin da suka ci Montenegro 5-1.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McNulty |first=Phil |date=25 March 2019 |title=Montenegro 1–5 England |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/47606892 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326103836/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/47606892 |archive-date=26 March 2019 |access-date=26 March 2019 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bayan nasarar da Rice ya samu, an ba shi wuri a cikin tawagar Ingila don wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin kasashen UEFA ta 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McNulty |first=Phil |date=27 May 2019 |title=Nations League: England drop Kieran Trippier but Harry Kane included |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48428100 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527201607/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48428100 |archive-date=27 May 2019 |access-date=27 May 2019 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A watan Satumbar 2019, Rice ya ce ya sami Barazanar mutuwa ta yanar gizo bayan ya sauya goyon baya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2019 |title=Declan Rice: I've endured death threats for quitting Ireland |url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/sport/soccer/declan-rice-ive-endured-death-threats-for-quitting-ireland-949760.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926150712/https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/sport/soccer/declan-rice-ive-endured-death-threats-for-quitting-ireland-949760.html |archive-date=26 September 2019 |access-date=10 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2019 |title=Declan Rice: West Ham midfielder reveals he received threats after England switch |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49641824 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910065311/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49641824 |archive-date=10 September 2019 |access-date=10 September 2019 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Shi ne dan wasa na farko da ya buga wa kasashen biyu wasa tun lokacin da Jack Reynolds ya yi a cikin shekarun 1890.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walker |first=Michael |date=9 March 2019 |title=Michael Walker: before Declan Rice, only one man had played for Ireland and England |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/soccer/international/michael-walker-before-declan-rice-only-one-man-had-played-for-ireland-and-england-1.3819228 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110094124/https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/soccer/international/michael-walker-before-declan-rice-only-one-man-had-played-for-ireland-and-england-1.3819228 |archive-date=10 November 2021 |access-date=12 September 2020}}</ref> An sanya sunan Rice a cikin tawagar Ingila don UEFA Euro 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Declan Rice named in final England Euro 2020 squad |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2021/june/01-june/declan-rice-named-final-england-euro-2020-squad |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603083141/https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2021/june/01-june/declan-rice-named-final-england-euro-2020-squad |archive-date=3 June 2021 |access-date=1 June 2021 |publisher=West Ham United F.C.}}</ref> Rice ta taka leda a dukkan wasanni bakwai na Ingila a Euro 2020 inda suka kammala a matsayi na biyu a wasan karshe zuwa [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar ƙasa ta Italiya|Italiya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=UEFA Euro 2020: West Ham United's Declan Rice through to the final &#124; West Ham United |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2021/July/08-July/UEFAEuro2020WestHamUnitedsDeclanRicethroughtothefinal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029175402/https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2021/July/08-July/UEFAEuro2020WestHamUnitedsDeclanRicethroughtothefinal |archive-date=29 October 2021 |access-date=13 October 2021 |publisher=West Ham United F.C.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=West Ham United's Declan Rice edged out in UEFA European Championship final &#124; West Ham United |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2021/July/11-July/WestHamUnitedsDeclanRicewinsUEFAEuropeanChampionship |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029175403/https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2021/July/11-July/WestHamUnitedsDeclanRicewinsUEFAEuropeanChampionship |archive-date=29 October 2021 |access-date=13 October 2021 |publisher=West Ham United F.C.}}</ref> An haɗa Rice a cikin tawagar Ingila don [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIFA ta 2022]].<ref name="WC2022">{{Cite web |date=10 November 2022 |title=Maddison, Rashford and Wilson make England squad |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/63585869 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125124014/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/63585869 |archive-date=25 November 2022 |access-date=10 November 2022 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya fara dukkan wasannin biyar yayin da Ingila ta kai wasan kusa da na karshe, inda ta sha kashi 2-1 a hannun Faransa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Cup Player Profile: Rice |url=https://sportsdata.usatoday.com/soccer/wc/player/204480?team=114&season=2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325113933/https://sportsdata.usatoday.com/soccer/wc/player/204480?team=114&season=2022 |archive-date=25 March 2023 |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Kafin ya buga kwallo ta 50 a babbar kungiyar, an sanar da cewa Rice za ta zama kyaftin din Ingila a karon farko, a kan Belgium a watan Maris na shekara ta 2024. A ranar 6 ga Yuni, an ambaci sunansa a cikin tawagar 'yan wasa 26 ta Ingila don UEFA Euro 2024 . Shi ne kawai dan wasan waje a gasar da ya buga kowane minti na kowane wasa yayin da Ingila ta kai wasan karshe, inda [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Spain|Spain]] ta doke su 2-1 .<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2025 |title=Declan Rice interview: Arsenal midfielder discusses new energy for Premier League and Champions League charge |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11096/13304663/declan-rice-interview-arsenal-midfielder-discusses-new-energy-for-premier-league-and-champions-league-charge |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260827083645/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11096/13304663/declan-rice-interview-arsenal-midfielder-discusses-new-energy-for-premier-league-and-champions-league-charge |archive-date=27 August 2026 |access-date=12 July 2026 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Mayu 2026, an zabi Rice a cikin tawagar mutum 26 don gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2026. A wasan farko na tawagar na gasar, Rice ta taimaka wa Harry Kane ta ci kwallo ta biyu daga kusurwa yayin da Ingila ta ci Croatia 4-2.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2026 |title=England 4-2 Croatia: Harry Kane, Jude Bellingham and Marcus Rashford score in Three Lions win |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cp36z3qpzrxt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260617223737/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cp36z3qpzrxt |archive-date=17 June 2026 |access-date=12 July 2026 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A lokacin nasarar da Ingila ta samu a kwata-kwata 2-1 a kan Norway, Rice ta fara wasan duk da fama da rashin lafiya da kuma matsalar jijiyoyin da ta shafi hamstring da ƙananan baya.Manajan [[Thomas Tuchel]] ya bayyana cewa Rice ya shafe mafi yawan kwanaki uku da suka gabata a gado kuma an maye gurbinsa a rabin lokaci bayan ya yi gwagwarmaya a cikin zafi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanghera |first=Mandeep |date=12 July 2026 |title=Rice in bed for nearly three days before Norway game - Tuchel |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cpd3wv3v1eeo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260712113020/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cpd3wv3v1eeo |archive-date=12 July 2026 |access-date=12 July 2026 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Rice ya jagoranci tawagarsa ta kasa da Faransa a wasan na uku, inda ya zira kwallaye kuma ya ba da taimako a nasarar 6-4. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 July 2026 |title=England take World Cup third place with 6-4 win against France |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/england-take-world-cup-third-place-with-6-4-win-against-france-2026-07-18/ |access-date=18 July 2026 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Emma |date=18 July 2026 |title=France 4–6 England |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cly5lj1nqdxt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260719011832/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cly5lj1nqdxt |archive-date=19 July 2026 |access-date=19 July 2026 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Goal dinsa, wanda ya zira kwallaye bayan kawai 134 seconds, ya zama burin na biyu mafi sauri da dan wasan Ingila ya yi a gasar cin kofin duniya, bayan Bryan Robson kawai, wanda ya ci kwallaye Bayan 28 seconds.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2026 |title=Saka hits treble as England win ten-goal France thriller |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/france-england-report-highlights-bronze-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260719134513/https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/france-england-report-highlights-bronze-final |archive-date=19 July 2026 |access-date=19 July 2026 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> == Hanyar wasa == Rice yana taka leda ne a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron gida kuma an san shi da kwarewarsa da kuma iyawa.A cikin 'yan kwanakin nan, ya fara gina suna a matsayin cikakken dan wasan tsakiya saboda kwarewarsa na ɗaukar kwallon da kuma iyawarsa na zira kwallaye daga kewayon, wanda ya ga an tura shi cikin rawar da ta fi dacewa a wani lokaci a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|lamba takwas]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Steinberg |first=Rachael |date=22 October 2022 |title=Declan Rice is best all-around midfielder in England – Gary O'Neil |url=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/declan-rice-best-around-midfielder-080022378.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617065348/https://uk.style.yahoo.com/declan-rice-best-around-midfielder-080022378.html |archive-date=17 June 2023 |access-date=17 June 2023}}</ref><ref name="ConfPOTS" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hodson |first=Tony |title=Declan Rice Tactical Analysis |url=https://www.coachesvoice.com/cv/declan-rice-west-ham-england/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617065349/https://www.coachesvoice.com/cv/declan-rice-west-ham-england/ |archive-date=17 June 2023 |access-date=17 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oladehinde |first=Stephen |date=7 May 2023 |title=Declan Rice: 5 reasons why Arsenal must sign the English midfielder |url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/football/story/declan-rice-5-reasons-why-arsenal-must-sign-the-english-midfielder-2023050714340739434 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617070850/https://www.pulsesports.ng/football/story/declan-rice-5-reasons-why-arsenal-must-sign-the-english-midfielder-2023050714340739434 |archive-date=17 June 2023 |access-date=17 June 2023}}</ref> An kuma yaba masa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai saboda iyawarsa ta wucewa. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Rice ta kasance abokiyar Mason Mount tun tana yarinya daga lokacin da suka yi wasa tare a makarantar Chelsea. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Steinberg |first=Jacob |date=29 November 2019 |title=Mason Mount and Declan Rice: 'We're always together. They call us Dumb and Dumber' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/nov/29/mason-mount-declan-rice-chelsea-west-ham-england-childhood-friends |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204070509/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/nov/29/mason-mount-declan-rice-chelsea-west-ham-england-childhood-friends |archive-date=4 February 2021 |access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref> Dan uwansa, Finley Munroe, shi ma kwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Townley |first=John |date=26 January 2024 |title=Who is Finley Munroe? Declan Rice cousin named in Aston Villa squad vs Chelsea |url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/aston-villa-promote-declan-rices-27049103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609163148/https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/aston-villa-promote-declan-rices-27049103 |archive-date=9 June 2023 |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=Birmingham Live |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] o2h1hjrvldpri9t93395wkirca9xzeg 975014 975012 2026-11-01T20:16:02Z Almustapha bk 49060 975014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Declan Rice (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1999) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida na kulob din Premier League [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] da ƙungiyar ƙwallon Ingila.An san shi da ƙwarewarsa, ƙarfinsa, ɗaukar kwallon da kuma tackling, <ref name=":2" /> an dauke shi daya daga cikin mafi kyawun 'yan wasan tsakiya a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Roberts |first=Olly |date=23 June 2023 |title=Ranking the best defensive midfielders in the world from 'Ballon d'Or worthy' to 'past it now' |url=https://www.givemesport.com/ranking-the-15-best-defensive-midfielders-in-the-world-ft-rice-rodri-caicedo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817145740/https://www.givemesport.com/ranking-the-15-best-defensive-midfielders-in-the-world-ft-rice-rodri-caicedo/ |archive-date=17 August 2023 |access-date=30 July 2024 |website=GiveMeSport}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2024 |title=2024 FC 100: Odegaard among best midfielders in men's soccer |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/40179265/2024-fc-100-martin-odegaard-best-midfielders-men-soccer |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250217175431/https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/40179265/2024-fc-100-martin-odegaard-best-midfielders-men-soccer |archive-date=17 February 2025 |access-date=31 July 2024 |website=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2025 |title=Declan Rice: Arsenal star cements place as one of world's best midfielders in win over Real Madrid |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cn5xq60k20wo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250417151315/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/articles/cn5xq60k20wo |archive-date=17 April 2025 |access-date=20 April 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Rice ya fara sana'arsa a [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]], bayan da makarantar [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] ta sake shi, kuma ya kafa kansa a matsayin babban dan wasan farko a shekarar 2017.A shekara ta 2022, ya gaji Mark Noble a matsayin Kyaftin din kulob din, kuma ya jagoranci kulob din zuwa gasar UEFA Europa Conference League a shekara mai zuwa, tare da sanya masa suna dan wasan gasar.Bayan ya buga wasanni 245 a West Ham, Arsenal ta sanya hannu kan Rice a watan Yulin 2023 don kuɗin rikodin kulob din na fam miliyan 100, wanda ya sanya shi dan wasan Ingila mafi tsada a tarihi kuma ya ci gaba da taimaka musu lashe [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]] ta farko a cikin shekaru 22. Ya cancanci buga wa Ingila ko Jamhuriyar Ireland wasa, Rice ta wakilci karshen a duniya a duka matasa da manyan matakan kafin 2019.Daga baya ya canza amincinsa na kasa kuma ya sanya kansa don zabar Ingila.Rice ya fara bugawa Ingila a shekarar 2019 kuma an haɗa shi a cikin tawagar UEFA Euro 2020, [[2026 FIFA World Cup]]">Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIFA ta 2022, UEFA Euro 2024 da kuma gasar cin kocin duniya ta FIFA a 2026, inda ya kammala matsayi na biyu a gasar zakarun Turai da ya halarta. == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == An haifi Declan Rice <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2018 |title=Updated squads for 2017/18 Premier League confirmed |url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/612828 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202113600/https://www.premierleague.com/news/612828 |archive-date=2 February 2020 |access-date=18 February 2018 |publisher=Premier League}}</ref> a ranar 14 ga watan Janairun 1999 <ref>{{Cite web |title=D. Rice: Summary |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/declan-rice/408158/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709140337/https://uk.soccerway.com/players/declan-rice/408158/ |archive-date=9 July 2019 |access-date=12 April 2020 |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group}}</ref> a Kingston a kan Thames, London, ga mahaifin Sean da mahaifiyar Stephanie. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Hehir |first=Paul |date=20 March 2018 |title=Ireland's Declan Rice looks to an unlikely friend for guidance |url=https://www.irishmirror.ie/sport/soccer/soccer-news/declan-rice-looks-good-friend-12214311 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190206233654/https://www.irishmirror.ie/sport/soccer/soccer-news/declan-rice-looks-good-friend-12214311 |archive-date=6 February 2019 |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[Irish Mirror]]}}</ref><ref name="Law-2021">{{Cite web |last=Law |first=Matt |date=13 June 2021 |title=The making of Declan Rice: Tears at Chelsea axe, stand-up comedy - and how Pellegrini helped him commit to England |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/euro-2021/0/declan-rice-england-squad-euros-football-player-euro-team/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250426020458/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/euro-2021/0/declan-rice-england-squad-euros-football-player-euro-team/ |archive-date=26 April 2025 |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref> Yana da 'yan'uwa maza biyu, Connor da Jordan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rice |first=Declan |date=7 November 2022 |title=Declan Rice's grassroots story |url=https://www.englandfootball.com/articles/2022/Nov/07/england-declan-rice-grassroots-football-story-20220711 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260120004337/https://www.englandfootball.com/articles/2022/Nov/07/england-declan-rice-grassroots-football-story-20220711 |archive-date=20 January 2026 |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[The Football Association]]}}</ref> Kakanninsa na mahaifinsa sun fito ne daga Douglas, County Cork, a Ireland. Ya fara buga kwallon kafa a Dickerage Lane Adventure Playground a Kingston . <ref name="Law-2021" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pengelly |first=Emma |date=8 July 2021 |title=The Kingston YMCA Declan Rice calls his 'second home' |url=https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/sport/football/kingston-ymca-declan-rice-calls-20999729 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251206142415/https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/sport/football/kingston-ymca-declan-rice-calls-20999729 |archive-date=6 December 2025 |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[Surrey Live]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 2006, ya shiga Kwalejin Chelsea yana da shekaru bakwai, inda ya yi abota da abokin wasan Ingila Mason Mount. <ref name="Law-2021" /> A shekara ta 2013, bayan da aka sake shi yana da shekaru 14, ya shiga West Ham United Academy bayan lokacin gwaji a cikin bazara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2023 |title=West Ham United Club Statement |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/west-ham-united-club-statement |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715073248/https://www.whufc.com/news/west-ham-united-club-statement |archive-date=15 July 2023 |access-date=8 January 2026 |website=[[West Ham United F.C.]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2023 |title=A personal message to West Ham United supporters from Declan Rice… |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/personal-message-west-ham-united-supporters-declan-rice |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715072920/https://www.whufc.com/news/personal-message-west-ham-united-supporters-declan-rice |archive-date=15 July 2023 |access-date=15 July 2023 |website=[[West Ham United F.C.]]}}</ref> Kocin Kwalejin Trevor Bumstead ya bayyana cewa ƙuduri da juriya na Rice ne suka taimaka masa ya shiga cikin matsayi a West Ham. Rice ta lashe kofin Premier League a shekarar 2016 tare da 'yan kasa da shekara 21 da kuma Premier League 2 Division 2 a shekarar 2020 tare da' yan kasa da shekara 23.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 December 2017 |title=Rice: Football is all about trophies |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2017/december/19-december/rice-football-all-about-trophies |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171221095107/https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2017/december/19-december/rice-football-all-about-trophies |archive-date=21 December 2017 |access-date=9 June 2023 |website=[[West Ham United F.C.]]}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == === West Ham United === ==== 2015–2020 ==== [[File:Hertha_BSC_vs._West_Ham_United_20190731_(191).jpg|thumb|Rice tana wasa da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] a shekarar 2019]] A ranar 16 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2015, shekaru biyu bayan ya shiga West Ham United a matakin matasa, Rice ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar sana'arsa ta farko tare da kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2018 |title=Declan Rice: A career timeline |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2018/december/28-december/declan-rice-career-timeline |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229031200/https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2018/december/28-december/declan-rice-career-timeline |archive-date=29 December 2018 |access-date=28 December 2018 |publisher=West Ham United F.C.}}</ref> Rice ya karbi kiransa na farko zuwa babbar tawagar West Ham don wasannin da ya yi da [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da [[Everton FC|Everton]] a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2017, bayan ya burge a cikin tawagar 'yan kasa da shekara 23.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Inkersole |first=Sam |date=9 May 2017 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Declan Rice says he will stay level headed despite West Ham call-up |url=http://www.football.london/west-ham-united-fc/players/exclusive-declan-rice-says-stay-13007172 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408101410/https://www.football.london/west-ham-united-fc/players/exclusive-declan-rice-says-stay-13007172 |archive-date=8 April 2019 |access-date=22 May 2017 |website=football.london}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasan farko da [[Burnley FC|Burnley]] a ranar karshe ta kakar Premier League ta 2016-17, ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin [[Edimilson Fernandes]] a minti na 91 a cikin nasara 2-1 a waje, kwanaki biyar bayan ya jagoranci 'yan kasa da shekaru 23 zuwa gabatarwa tare da nasarar 2-1 a waje ga [[Newcastle United F.C. Reserves and Academy|Newcastle United]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rice&nbsp;– It's a dream come true |url=http://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2017/may/22-may/rice-its-dream-come-true |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401004629/http://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2017/may/22-may/rice-its-dream-come-true |archive-date=1 April 2018 |access-date=22 May 2017 |publisher=West Ham United F.C.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2017 |title=Newcastle United v West Ham United |url=https://www.whufc.com/fixtures/first-team/fixtures-and-results/season-20162017/newcastle-united-vs-west-ham-united-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818214244/https://www.whufc.com/fixtures/first-team/fixtures-and-results/season-20162017/newcastle-united-vs-west-ham-united-1 |archive-date=18 August 2017 |access-date=18 August 2017 |publisher=West Ham United F.C.}}</ref> Farkonsa na farko ya zo ne a ranar 19 ga watan Agusta 2017 a cikin shan kashi 3-2 a [[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Inkersole |first=Sam |date=19 August 2017 |title=Revealed:Rice starts for West Ham against Southampton and Antonio returns |url=http://www.football.london/west-ham-united-fc/fixtures-results/revealed-declan-rice-starts-west-13500341 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906055638/https://www.football.london/west-ham-united-fc/fixtures-results/revealed-declan-rice-starts-west-13500341 |archive-date=6 September 2018 |access-date=24 August 2017 |website=football.london}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2018, an sanya sunan Rice a matsayin wanda ya zo na biyu a kyautar Hammer of the Year ta 2017-18 a bayan [[Marko Arnautović]] . <ref name="WHUArnautovic2018">{{Cite web |title=Arnautovic crowned Betway Hammer of the Year |url=http://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2018/april/25-april/arnautovic-crowned-betway-hammer-year |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426144900/http://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2018/april/25-april/arnautovic-crowned-betway-hammer-year |archive-date=26 April 2018 |access-date=26 April 2018 |publisher=West Ham United F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2018, ya buga wasan sa na 50 ga West Ham, <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 May 2019 |title=Declan Rice: My 2018/19 West Ham United season |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2019/may/17-may/declan-rice-my-201819-west-ham-united-season |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819184328/https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2019/may/17-may/declan-rice-my-201819-west-ham-united-season |archive-date=19 August 2019 |access-date=1 April 2025 |website=[[West Ham United F.C.]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Jay |date=23 December 2018 |title='What an achievement' – West Ham fans congratulate Rice on 50 appearances |url=https://www.hammers.news/club-news/what-an-achievement-west-ham-fans-congratulate-rice-on-50-appearances/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250417175023/https://www.hammers.news/club-news/what-an-achievement-west-ham-fans-congratulate-rice-on-50-appearances/ |archive-date=17 April 2025 |access-date=1 April 2025 |website=Hammers News |language=en-GB}}</ref> ya zama dan wasa na farko da ya yi hakan yayin da yake matashi tun Michael Carrick. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Inkersole |first=Sam |date=15 November 2018 |title=Mason's ironic cheers & Rice going mad – West Ham moments missed |url=https://www.football.london/west-ham-united-fc/fixtures-results/masons-ironic-cheers-holebass-clearance-15588611 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230081133/https://www.football.london/west-ham-united-fc/fixtures-results/masons-ironic-cheers-holebass-clearance-15588611 |archive-date=30 December 2018 |access-date=30 December 2018 |website=football.london}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2018 |title=Analysis: Resilient Rice has shown age is no barrier |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2018/december/29-december/analysis-resilient-rice-has-shown-age-no-barrier |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230080924/https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2018/december/29-december/analysis-resilient-rice-has-shown-age-no-barrier |archive-date=30 December 2018 |access-date=30 December 2018 |publisher=West Ham United F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 28 ga Disamba 2018, Rice ta sanya hannu kan sabon kwangila har zuwa 2024 tare da zaɓi na ƙarin shekara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=West Ham United sign Declan Rice to new long-term contract |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2018/december/28-december/west-ham-united-sign-declan-rice-new-long-term-contract |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229013712/https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2018/december/28-december/west-ham-united-sign-declan-rice-new-long-term-contract |archive-date=29 December 2018 |access-date=29 December 2018 |publisher=West Ham United F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga watan Janairun 2019, Rice ya zira kwallaye na farko a West Ham kuma an kira shi dan wasan wasan a cikin nasara 1-0 a kan [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]], a wasan Firimiya na 50 na West Ham a Filin wasa na London. A ranar 20 ga Afrilu, an sanya sunan Rice a cikin gajeren jerin sunayen don kyautar PFA Young Player of the Year, wanda daga ƙarshe aka ba da kyautar ga abokin wasan Rice na Ingila [[Raheem Sterling]] . A ƙarshen kakar 2018-19, an ba shi suna 'Yan wasa na Shekara kuma ya lashe kyautar don Ayyukan Mutum na Shekara, don wasan da ya ci Arsenal, kuma an ba shi sunan Young Hammer of the Year na kakar wasa ta uku a jere.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2019 |title=Delighted Declan Rice wins three Player Awards |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2019/may/09-may/delighted-declan-rice-wins-three-player-awards |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929105054/https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2019/may/09-may/delighted-declan-rice-wins-three-player-awards |archive-date=29 September 2020 |access-date=12 September 2020 |publisher=West Ham United F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 28 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019, Rice ta zama kyaftin din West Ham a karo na farko, yana da shekaru 20, a wasan da aka yi da Leicester City 2-1 a gida.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2019 |title=Team news: Fabianski returns, Reid on bench, Rice named captain |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2019/december/28-december/team-news-fabianski-returns-reid-bench-rice-named-captain |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902232918/https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2019/december/28-december/team-news-fabianski-returns-reid-bench-rice-named-captain |archive-date=2 September 2021 |access-date=3 September 2021 |publisher=[[West Ham United F.C.]]}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye na farko kuma kawai na Premier League na kakar a ranar 17 ga Yulin 2020, tare da yajin aiki a waje da Watford, a cikin nasara 3-1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 July 2020 |title=West Ham 3–1 Watford: Hammers close in on Premier League safety |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/west-ham-vs-watford/report/408340 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724215119/https://www.skysports.com/football/west-ham-vs-watford/report/408340 |archive-date=24 July 2020 |access-date=27 July 2020 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> A cikin kakar 2019-20, Rice ta buga kowane minti na wasanni 38 na West Ham.Ya kasance a cikin manyan 'yan wasa biyar na Premier League don duka tackles da interceptions, yana jagorantar' yan wasan West Ham a duka rukuni biyu kuma yana yin karin wucewa fiye da kowane abokin wasa.An ba shi suna Hammer of the Year a karo na farko a shekarar 2020.<ref name="hoty1920">{{Cite web |date=26 July 2020 |title=Declan Rice crowned 2019/20 Betway Hammer of the Year |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2020/july/26-july/declan-rice-crowned-201920-betway-hammer-year |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726185846/https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2020/july/26-july/declan-rice-crowned-201920-betway-hammer-year |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=27 July 2020 |publisher=West Ham United F.C.}}</ref> ==== 2020–2023 ==== [[File:Rice_UEFA_winner.jpeg|thumb|Rice (dama) tana murna a filin wasa bayan ta lashe gasar cin kofin UEFA Europa ta 2023 tare da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]]]] A ranar 15 ga watan Fabrairun 2021, Rice ya zira kwallaye na farko na kakar <ref>{{Cite web |title=On This Day: Declan Rice's memorable first West Ham United goal |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/day-declan-rices-memorable-first-west-ham-united-goal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522195809/https://www.whufc.com/news/day-declan-rices-memorable-first-west-ham-united-goal |archive-date=22 May 2022 |access-date=1 April 2025 |website=[[West Ham United F.C.]]}}</ref> lokacin da ya canza fanati kuma ya sanya tawagar a kan Sheffield United a cikin nasarar da ta ƙare 3-0. A watan Afrilu na 2021, bayan da ya taka leda a dukkan wasannin West Ham har zuwa yanzu a kakar 2020-21, an kori Rice na makonni hudu tare da raunin gwiwa da aka samu a aikin kasa da kasa tare da Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |date=6 April 2021 |title=Declan Rice: West Ham midfielder to miss four weeks with knee injury |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/56640577 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406005216/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/56640577 |archive-date=6 April 2021 |access-date=6 April 2021 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga Satumba 2021, Rice ya fara bugawa Turai kuma ya zira kwallaye na farko a Turai a nasarar 2-0 a kan Dinamo Zagreb a gasar Europa League . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2021 |title=Declan Rice: It's an incredible feeling to win in Europe |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2021/september/16-september/declan-rice-its-incredible-feeling-win-europe |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916203226/https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2021/september/16-september/declan-rice-its-incredible-feeling-win-europe |archive-date=16 September 2021 |access-date=16 September 2021 |publisher=West Ham United F.C. |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2022, an ba da sunan Rice a matsayin Hammer of the Year a karo na biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=As It Happened: 2021/22 Player Awards brought to you by Betway in aid of the Academy |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/it-happened-202122-player-awards-brought-you-betway-aid-academy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031141405/https://www.whufc.com/news/it-happened-202122-player-awards-brought-you-betway-aid-academy |archive-date=31 October 2022 |access-date=9 May 2022 |publisher=West Ham United F.C.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Declan Rice crowned 2021/22 Betway Hammer of the Year |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/declan-rice-crowned-202122-betway-hammer-year |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618104833/https://www.whufc.com/news/declan-rice-crowned-202122-betway-hammer-year |archive-date=18 June 2022 |access-date=1 April 2025 |website=[[West Ham United F.C.]]}}</ref> Bayan yakin neman zaɓe na West Ham na Europa League, wanda ya gan su sun kai wasan kusa da na karshe, an kira Rice a cikin 2021-22 UEFA Europa League Team of the Year tare da abokin aiki Craig Dawson . Bayan ritaya na Mark Noble a watan Mayu 2022, an nada Rice a matsayin kyaftin din West Ham . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Colman |first=Jonty |date=29 July 2022 |title=Declan Rice relishing in role as West Ham's captain as he sets England target |url=https://www.football.london/west-ham-united-fc/declan-rice-west-ham-england-24623803 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922005359/https://www.football.london/west-ham-united-fc/declan-rice-west-ham-england-24623803 |archive-date=22 September 2022 |access-date=30 July 2022 |website=Football.London}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2022, Rice ya buɗe asusun zira kwallaye na kakar, <ref>{{Cite web |title=2021/22 Betway Player Awards round-up |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/202122-betway-player-awards-round |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603125900/https://www.whufc.com/news/202122-betway-player-awards-round |archive-date=3 June 2022 |access-date=1 April 2025 |website=[[West Ham United F.C.]]}}</ref> inda ya zira kwallayen curling daga yadudduka 22 (20 don tabbatar da West Ham a cikin 1-1 draw a kan Southampton. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2022 |title=Goals: Southampton 1–1 West Ham United |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/goals-southampton-1-1-west-ham-united |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423190732/https://www.whufc.com/news/goals-southampton-1-1-west-ham-united |archive-date=23 April 2023 |access-date=23 April 2023 |website=West Ham United F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Afrilu 2023, Rice ta zira kwallaye na uku na West Ham a cikin nasara 4-1 a gasar UEFA Europa Conference League a kan kungiyar Gent ta Belgium, ta dauki kwallon sama da mita 50 (55 yd) kafin ta gama tsohon mai tsaron gidan Gent Davy Roef, wanda ya haifar da burin da aka lakafta "watakila yajin aikin Rice" ta The Daily Telegraph . A watan Mayu 2023, an sake masa suna Hammer of the Year, don kakar 2022-23. <ref name="HotY23">{{Cite web |date=21 May 2023 |title=Declan Rice crowned Betway Hammer of the Year for 2022/23 |url=http://www.whufc.com/news/declan-rice-crowned-betway-hammer-year-202223 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522114416/https://www.whufc.com/news/declan-rice-crowned-betway-hammer-year-202223 |archive-date=22 May 2023 |access-date=22 May 2023 |website=West Ham United F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga watan Yunin 2023, an kira Rice a matsayin dan wasan Europa Conference League na kakar wasa ta [[UEFA]] yayin da Rice ta jagoranci West Ham zuwa babban kofin Turai na farko tun 1965 bayan nasarar 2-1 a kan Fiorentina a wasan ƙarshe kwana daya da suka gabata.<ref name="ConfPOTS">{{Cite web |date=8 June 2023 |title=Declan Rice named UEFA Europa Conference League Player of the Season |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaconferenceleague/news/0282-183500452524-1c503bccb2ed-1000--conference-league-player-of-the-season-rice/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608135306/https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaconferenceleague/news/0282-183500452524-1c503bccb2ed-1000--conference-league-player-of-the-season-rice/ |archive-date=8 June 2023 |access-date=8 June 2023 |website=UEFA}}</ref> A lokacin kakar 2022-23, Rice ta lashe nasara fiye da kowane dan wasan Premier League.Ya kuma yi mafi yawan tsayar da dukkan 'yan wasan Premier League.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Segar |first=David |date=29 June 2023 |title=Why West Ham's Declan Rice is a Wanted Man |url=https://theanalyst.com/articles/declan-rice-arsenal-man-city-transfer |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260429051530/https://theanalyst.com/articles/declan-rice-arsenal-man-city-transfer |archive-date=29 April 2026 |access-date=10 July 2023 |website=Opta Analyst}}</ref> Rice ta bar West Ham a watan Yulin 2023, ta koma [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]].Ya buga wasanni 245 ga West Ham, inda ya zira kwallaye 15.Yana daya daga cikin kyaftin din West Ham guda uku, tare da [[Bobby Moore]] da [[Billy Bonds]], wadanda suka jagoranci kulob din zuwa babban kofin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DECLAN RICE EXPLAINS 'TOUGH DECISION' TO LEAVE IN EMOTIONAL GOODBYE TO WEST HAM FANS AS EXIT CONFIRMED |url=https://www.eurosport.co.uk/football/declan-rice-explains-tough-decision-to-leave-in-emotional-goodbye-to-hammers-fans_sto9701731/story.shtml |access-date=16 July 2023 |website=eurosport.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Power |first=Lee |date=15 July 2023 |title=Rice gives thanks as Hammers departure confirmed |url=https://www.newhamrecorder.co.uk/sport/23657536.declan-rice-gives-thanks-west-ham-united-exit-confirmed/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716051651/https://www.newhamrecorder.co.uk/sport/23657536.declan-rice-gives-thanks-west-ham-united-exit-confirmed/ |archive-date=16 July 2023 |access-date=16 July 2023 |website=[[Newham Recorder]]}}</ref> Shugaban West Ham David Sullivan ya ce kulob din ba ya son sayar da dan wasan, yana mai cewa suna so su gina tawagar a kusa da shi, amma Rice ya bayyana cewa yana so ya ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sternik |first=Seb |date=15 July 2023 |title=We did not want to sell West Hams David Sullivan makes Declan Rice admission amid Arsenal move |url=https://www.planetsport.com/soccer/news/want-sell-west-ham-david-sullivan-makes-declan-rice-admission-amid-arsenal-move |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026210321/https://www.planetsport.com/soccer/news/want-sell-west-ham-david-sullivan-makes-declan-rice-admission-amid-arsenal-move |archive-date=26 October 2023 |access-date=16 July 2023 |website=PlanetSport}}</ref> Rice ya ce game da canja wurin: "A ƙarshe, duk da haka, kawai ya kasance game da burina na yin wasa a matakin mafi girma na wasan. " === Arsenal === ==== 2023–24 ==== [[File:RC_Lens_-_Arsenal_FC_(03-10-2023)_23.jpg|thumb|Rice tana wasa da [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] a 2023]] A ranar 15 ga watan Yulin 2023, Rice ta sanya hannu a kulob din Premier League Arsenal kan kwangila na dogon lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2023 |title=Declan Rice completes transfer to Arsenal |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/declan-rice-completes-transfer-arsenal |access-date=15 July 2023 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> An ruwaito cewa kuɗin canja wurin ya kasance rikodin kulob din na farko £ 100m, mai yuwuwa ya tashi da £ 5m, a cikin kari, yana mai da shi dan wasan Ingila mafi tsada, daidai da rikodin da [[Jack Grealish]] ya yi a baya. An ba da tsarin canja wurin ne a matsayin West Ham yana karɓar £ 50m nan da nan kuma ƙarin £ 50m a lokacin rani na 2024.Za su kuma sami £ 1m a duk lokacin da Arsenal ta cancanci samun matsayi a [[UEFA Champions League|Gasar Zakarun Turai]] a lokacin da yake kulob din da kuma £ 1m idan ya buga kashi 60 cikin dari na wasanni a kakar wasa, tare da waɗannan biyan kuɗi da aka rufe a £ 5m. Rice ya fara bugawa Arsenal wasa na farko a wasan da ya yi da kungiyar MLS All Star ta 2023 a ranar 19 ga Yulin 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2023 |title=Declan Rice comes in as 2nd-half sub in Arsenal's 5-0 victory over the MLS All-Stars |url=https://apnews.com/article/declan-rice-mls-allstar-game-arsenal-d733e191427430d48e06a7840bd2ac78 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260819221914/https://apnews.com/article/declan-rice-mls-allstar-game-arsenal-d733e191427430d48e06a7840bd2ac78 |archive-date=19 August 2026 |access-date=21 August 2026 |website=Apnews.com}}</ref>Rice ya fara buga wasan farko na Arsenal a ranar 6 ga watan Agusta a kan Manchester City a cikin 2023 FA Community Shield, wanda Arsenal ta ci 4-1 a kan penalties bayan 1-1 draw.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 August 2023 |title=Arsenal 1–1 Man City (4–1 on pens) |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/arsenal-vs-manchester-city/report/482389 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811003444/https://www.skysports.com/football/arsenal-vs-manchester-city/report/482389 |archive-date=11 August 2023 |access-date=12 August 2023 |website=Sky Sports |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga watan Agusta, Rice ta fara wasan farko na Arsenal na kakar Premier League ta 2023-24, nasarar 2-1 a gida a kan Nottingham Forest.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walker |first=Andrew |date=12 August 2023 |title=Declan Rice's first-half by numbers: Midfielder superb vs. Forest |url=https://www.caughtoffside.com/2023/08/12/declan-rice-arsenal-stats-against-nottingham-forest/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025234745/https://www.caughtoffside.com/2023/08/12/declan-rice-arsenal-stats-against-nottingham-forest/ |archive-date=25 October 2023 |access-date=12 August 2023 |website=CaughtOffside |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga watan Satumba, ya zira kwallaye na farko ga Arsenal, a lokacin dakatarwa don baiwa tawagarsa jagora 2-1 a kan [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] a wasan da ya ƙare a nasarar 3-1. An sanar da Rice a matsayin wanda aka zaba don Mafi kyawun Dan wasan Maza na FIFA bisa ga wasan kwaikwayon da ya yi wa kungiyoyin London da tawagar kasa. A ranar 11 ga watan Fabrairu, Rice ya zira kwallaye na farko a kan tsohon kulob dinsa, West Ham United, a cikin nasara 6-0 a filin wasa na London, wanda shine mafi munin cin nasarar West Ham a gida a gasar tun 1963 a kan Blackburn Rovers. ==== 2024–25 ==== A ranar 21 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2024, Rice ta fito daga benci a kan Crystal Palace, inda ta zira kwallaye kuma ta taimaka wa abokin wasan Gabriel Martinelli a wasan 5-1 na ''Eagles''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=James |first=Josh |date=21 December 2024 |title=Report: Crystal Palace 1–5 Arsenal |url=https://www.arsenal.com/fixture/arsenal/2024-Dec-21/crystal-palace-1-5-arsenal-match-report |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250608154851/https://www.arsenal.com/fixture/arsenal/2024-Dec-21/crystal-palace-1-5-arsenal-match-report |archive-date=8 June 2025 |access-date=8 June 2025 |website=Arsenal.com |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga watan Janairun 2025, Rice ya zira kwallaye na farko na gasar zakarun Turai a nasarar 3-0 a kan Dinamo Zagreb.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2025 |title=Arsenal 3–0 Dinamo Zagreb: Player Ratings as Declan Rice Scores First Champions League Goal |url=https://onefootball.com/fr/news/arsenal-3-0-dinamo-zagreb-player-ratings-as-declan-rice-scores-first-champions-league-goal-40600604 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250413151111/https://onefootball.com/fr/news/arsenal-3-0-dinamo-zagreb-player-ratings-as-declan-rice-scores-first-champions-league-goal-40600604 |archive-date=13 April 2025 |access-date=8 April 2025 |publisher=OneFootball}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga watan Afrilu, ya zira kwallaye biyu kai tsaye a cikin nasarar 3-0 a gida a kan [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] a matakin farko na gasar zakarun Turai, ya zama dan wasa na farko da ya zira kwallan biyu a wasan zakarun zakarun. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2025 |title=(VIDEO) Declan Rice's Double Free Kick Wonder Goals with Arsenal to Knock Out Real Madrid in the Champions League |url=https://www.beinsports.com/en-us/soccer/uefa-champions-league/articles-video/-video-declan-rice-s-double-free-kick-wonder-goals-with-arsenal-to-knock-out-real-madrid-in-the-champions-league-2025-04-08 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250413151111/https://www.beinsports.com/en-us/soccer/uefa-champions-league/articles-video/-video-declan-rice-s-double-free-kick-wonder-goals-with-arsenal-to-knock-out-real-madrid-in-the-champions-league-2025-04-08 |archive-date=13 April 2025 |access-date=8 April 2025 |website=beIN SPORTS}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga watan Mayu, ya zira kwallaye guda daya a nasarar 1-0 a kan Newcastle United, inda Arsenal ta samu matsayi na biyu a gasar Firimiya da kuma cancantar shiga gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA a kakar wasa mai zuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McNicholas |first=James |last2=Waugh |first2=Chris |date=18 May 2025 |title=Arsenal 1 Newcastle 0 – Rice wraps up Champions League spot but Howe's side face final-day shootout |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6361815/2025/05/18/arsenal-newcastle-rice-arteta-champions-league/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250520120715/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6361815/2025/05/18/arsenal-newcastle-rice-arteta-champions-league/ |archive-date=20 May 2025 |access-date=6 June 2025 |publisher=The Athletic}}</ref> Bayan wani kamfen mai nasara tare da Arsenal, an zabi Rice a matsayin dan wasan Arsenal na kakar.<ref name="ArsenalPOTS2025">{{Cite web |last=Rogers |first=Jonathon |date=6 June 2025 |title=Rice wins men's Player of the Season for 2024/25 |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/rice-wins-mens-player-season-202425 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250607194921/https://www.arsenal.com/news/rice-wins-mens-player-season-202425 |archive-date=7 June 2025 |access-date=8 June 2025 |website=Arsenal |language=en}}</ref> An kuma zaba shi a cikin UEFA Champions League Team of the Season ta UEFA's Technical Observer Group, kuma an zabi shi don kyautar Firayim Minista na Season.<ref name="UEFATOTS2025">{{Cite web |date=1 June 2025 |title=2024/25 Champions League Team of the Season |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/029a-1de594e11846-742ee836b971-1000--2024-25-champions-league-team-of-the-season/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260116222244/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/029a-1de594e11846-742ee836b971-1000--2024-25-champions-league-team-of-the-season/ |archive-date=16 January 2026 |access-date=8 June 2025 |website=UEFA |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2025 |title=EA SPORTS 2024/25 Player of the Season shortlist |url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/4309067 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250608160049/https://www.premierleague.com/news/4309067 |archive-date=8 June 2025 |access-date=8 June 2025 |website=Premier League}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Yuni 2025, an ba da sanarwar cewa Rice na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa shida da aka zaba don PFA Players' Player of the Year . <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2025 |title=PFA Players' Player of the Year: Bruno Fernandes and Mohamed Salah among nominees |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cx23n4z20j9o |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250912050715/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cx23n4z20j9o |archive-date=12 September 2025 |access-date=20 June 2025 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> ==== 2025–26 ==== A ranar 5 ga Oktoba 2025, Declan Rice ya zira kwallaye na farko na kakar a kan tsohon kulob din [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] a wasan da ya ci gasar Firimiya 2-0.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2025 |title=Arsenal 2–0 West Ham: Game Analysis |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/report/_/gameId/740656 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251004165310/https://www.espn.com/soccer/report/_/gameId/740656 |archive-date=4 October 2025 |access-date=5 October 2025 |website=ESPN}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, ya ci kwallo a wasan da ya yi da [[Burnley FC|Burnley]] 2-0, inda ya sami kansa Man of the match saboda rawar da ya taka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Peat |first=Charlie |date=1 November 2025 |title=Report: Burnley 0–2 Arsenal |url=https://www.arsenal.com/fixture/arsenal/2025-Nov-01/burnley-0-2-arsenal-match-report |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251116191809/https://www.arsenal.com/fixture/arsenal/2025-Nov-01/burnley-0-2-arsenal-match-report |archive-date=16 November 2025 |access-date=6 December 2025 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga watan Disamba, an zabi shi don kyautar 'yan wasan Premier League na watan Nuwamba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2025 |title=Pick your EA SPORTS Player of the Month |url=https://www.premierleague.com/en/news/4480883/ea-sports-premier-league-player-of-the-month-november-2025-shortlist |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251204122921/https://www.premierleague.com/en/news/4480883/ea-sports-premier-league-player-of-the-month-november-2025-shortlist |archive-date=4 December 2025 |access-date=6 December 2025 |publisher=Premier League |language=en}}</ref> Rice ta kasance wani muhimmin bangare na Arsenal wanda ya lashe gasar Premier League ta 2025-26. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Robson |first=James |date=19 May 2026 |title=Arsenal wins its first Premier League title in 22 years after Man City draws with Bournemouth |url=https://apnews.com/article/man-city-bournemouth-arsenal-premier-league-title-tottenham-828b9b177f8c0484754945eeb4ee0d0f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260519230639/https://apnews.com/article/man-city-bournemouth-arsenal-premier-league-title-tottenham-828b9b177f8c0484754945eeb4ee0d0f |archive-date=19 May 2026 |access-date=19 May 2026 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == === Jamhuriyar Ireland === Ko da yake an haife shi a Landan, Rice ya cancanci buga wa Ireland wasa saboda kakanninsa daga Cork ne. A ranar 19 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2017, an ba Rice suna dan wasan Jamhuriyar Ireland U17 na shekara.<ref name="3fai2">{{Cite web |date=19 March 2017 |title=Winners revealed for Three FAI International Football Awards |url=http://www.fai.ie/ireland/news/winners-revealed-for-three-fai-international-football-awards |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202103842/http://www.fai.ie/ireland/news/winners-revealed-for-three-fai-international-football-awards |archive-date=2 December 2017 |access-date=24 May 2017 |publisher=Football Association of Ireland}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga Mayu 2017, kwanaki kawai bayan da ya fara buga [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]], an kira Rice a cikin tawagar Jamhuriyar Ireland don buga wasannin sada zumunci da Mexico da Uruguay da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya a gida ga Austria. Ya fara bugawa a ranar 23 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2018 a wasan da ya ci Turkiyya 1-0. A watan Agustan 2018, kocin Martin O'Neill ya cire Rice daga tawagar don buga wa Wales wasa, wanda ya ce Rice tana la'akari da sauyawa don buga wa Ingila wasa bayan sun kusanci shi. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2018, bayan da aka cire shi daga kungiyoyi uku da O'Neill ya zaba, Rice ya ce bai kusa da yanke shawara ko zai buga wa Ireland ko Ingila wasa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 November 2018 |title=Declan Rice: Choosing between England and Republic of Ireland not easy |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46153251 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110035310/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46153251 |archive-date=10 November 2018 |access-date=10 November 2018 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2018, Rice ta sadu da sabon kocin Ireland Mick McCarthy da mataimakinsa, Robbie Keane .McCarthy ya ce Rice ya kasance kyaftin din Ireland na gaba kuma zai gina tawagar a kusa da Rice idan ya yanke shawarar buga wa kasar wasa. === Ingila === [[File:Declan_Rice_England_v_Ghana_at_2026_Fifa_World_Cup_by_YantsImages_01_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Rice tana wasa da Ingila a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2026[[2026 FIFA World Cup]]]] A ranar 13 ga watan Fabrairun 2019, Rice ya yi alkawarin makomar Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 2019 |title=Declan Rice pledges future to England |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/international/declan-rice-england-republic-of-ireland-country-nationality-west-ham-united-gareth-southgate-a8777776.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214002657/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/international/declan-rice-england-republic-of-ireland-country-nationality-west-ham-united-gareth-southgate-a8777776.html |archive-date=14 February 2019 |access-date=13 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2019 |title=Declan Rice: Is West Ham midfielder ready for England? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47286157 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219183533/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47286157 |archive-date=19 February 2019 |access-date=19 February 2019 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga watan Maris, [[FIFA]] ta tabbatar da canjin goyon bayansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2019 |title=Declan Rice: Fifa confirms West Ham midfielder's switch to England from Republic of Ireland |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47458759 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044745/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47458759 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=5 March 2019 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga watan Maris, Ingila ta kira shi don wasannin cancantar UEFA Euro 2020 da ke zuwa da Jamhuriyar Czech da Montenegro. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2019 |title=Declan Rice: England call-up for West Ham midfielder for Euro 2020 qualifiers |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47551783 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190313123209/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47551783 |archive-date=13 March 2019 |access-date=13 March 2019 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya fara bugawa a ranar 22 ga watan Maris a matsayin mai maye gurbin minti na 63 a kan Jamhuriyar Czech a [[Filin wasa na Wembley|Wembley]]. A ranar 25 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2019, kocin Ingila Gareth Southgate ya ba Rice damar farawa ta farko a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa a lokacin da suka ci Montenegro 5-1.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McNulty |first=Phil |date=25 March 2019 |title=Montenegro 1–5 England |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/47606892 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326103836/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/47606892 |archive-date=26 March 2019 |access-date=26 March 2019 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bayan nasarar da Rice ya samu, an ba shi wuri a cikin tawagar Ingila don wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin kasashen UEFA ta 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McNulty |first=Phil |date=27 May 2019 |title=Nations League: England drop Kieran Trippier but Harry Kane included |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48428100 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527201607/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48428100 |archive-date=27 May 2019 |access-date=27 May 2019 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A watan Satumbar 2019, Rice ya ce ya sami Barazanar mutuwa ta yanar gizo bayan ya sauya goyon baya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2019 |title=Declan Rice: I've endured death threats for quitting Ireland |url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/sport/soccer/declan-rice-ive-endured-death-threats-for-quitting-ireland-949760.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926150712/https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/sport/soccer/declan-rice-ive-endured-death-threats-for-quitting-ireland-949760.html |archive-date=26 September 2019 |access-date=10 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2019 |title=Declan Rice: West Ham midfielder reveals he received threats after England switch |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49641824 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190910065311/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49641824 |archive-date=10 September 2019 |access-date=10 September 2019 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Shi ne dan wasa na farko da ya buga wa kasashen biyu wasa tun lokacin da Jack Reynolds ya yi a cikin shekarun 1890.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walker |first=Michael |date=9 March 2019 |title=Michael Walker: before Declan Rice, only one man had played for Ireland and England |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/soccer/international/michael-walker-before-declan-rice-only-one-man-had-played-for-ireland-and-england-1.3819228 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110094124/https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/soccer/international/michael-walker-before-declan-rice-only-one-man-had-played-for-ireland-and-england-1.3819228 |archive-date=10 November 2021 |access-date=12 September 2020}}</ref> An sanya sunan Rice a cikin tawagar Ingila don UEFA Euro 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Declan Rice named in final England Euro 2020 squad |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2021/june/01-june/declan-rice-named-final-england-euro-2020-squad |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603083141/https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2021/june/01-june/declan-rice-named-final-england-euro-2020-squad |archive-date=3 June 2021 |access-date=1 June 2021 |publisher=West Ham United F.C.}}</ref> Rice ta taka leda a dukkan wasanni bakwai na Ingila a Euro 2020 inda suka kammala a matsayi na biyu a wasan karshe zuwa [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar ƙasa ta Italiya|Italiya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=UEFA Euro 2020: West Ham United's Declan Rice through to the final &#124; West Ham United |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2021/July/08-July/UEFAEuro2020WestHamUnitedsDeclanRicethroughtothefinal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029175402/https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2021/July/08-July/UEFAEuro2020WestHamUnitedsDeclanRicethroughtothefinal |archive-date=29 October 2021 |access-date=13 October 2021 |publisher=West Ham United F.C.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=West Ham United's Declan Rice edged out in UEFA European Championship final &#124; West Ham United |url=https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2021/July/11-July/WestHamUnitedsDeclanRicewinsUEFAEuropeanChampionship |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029175403/https://www.whufc.com/news/articles/2021/July/11-July/WestHamUnitedsDeclanRicewinsUEFAEuropeanChampionship |archive-date=29 October 2021 |access-date=13 October 2021 |publisher=West Ham United F.C.}}</ref> An haɗa Rice a cikin tawagar Ingila don [[Kofin Duniya na FIFA 2022|Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIFA ta 2022]].<ref name="WC2022">{{Cite web |date=10 November 2022 |title=Maddison, Rashford and Wilson make England squad |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/63585869 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125124014/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/63585869 |archive-date=25 November 2022 |access-date=10 November 2022 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya fara dukkan wasannin biyar yayin da Ingila ta kai wasan kusa da na karshe, inda ta sha kashi 2-1 a hannun Faransa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Cup Player Profile: Rice |url=https://sportsdata.usatoday.com/soccer/wc/player/204480?team=114&season=2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325113933/https://sportsdata.usatoday.com/soccer/wc/player/204480?team=114&season=2022 |archive-date=25 March 2023 |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=USA Today}}</ref> Kafin ya buga kwallo ta 50 a babbar kungiyar, an sanar da cewa Rice za ta zama kyaftin din Ingila a karon farko, a kan Belgium a watan Maris na shekara ta 2024. A ranar 6 ga Yuni, an ambaci sunansa a cikin tawagar 'yan wasa 26 ta Ingila don UEFA Euro 2024 . Shi ne kawai dan wasan waje a gasar da ya buga kowane minti na kowane wasa yayin da Ingila ta kai wasan karshe, inda [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Spain|Spain]] ta doke su 2-1 .<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2025 |title=Declan Rice interview: Arsenal midfielder discusses new energy for Premier League and Champions League charge |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11096/13304663/declan-rice-interview-arsenal-midfielder-discusses-new-energy-for-premier-league-and-champions-league-charge |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260827083645/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11096/13304663/declan-rice-interview-arsenal-midfielder-discusses-new-energy-for-premier-league-and-champions-league-charge |archive-date=27 August 2026 |access-date=12 July 2026 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Mayu 2026, an zabi Rice a cikin tawagar mutum 26 don gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2026. A wasan farko na tawagar na gasar, Rice ta taimaka wa Harry Kane ta ci kwallo ta biyu daga kusurwa yayin da Ingila ta ci Croatia 4-2.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2026 |title=England 4-2 Croatia: Harry Kane, Jude Bellingham and Marcus Rashford score in Three Lions win |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cp36z3qpzrxt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260617223737/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cp36z3qpzrxt |archive-date=17 June 2026 |access-date=12 July 2026 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A lokacin nasarar da Ingila ta samu a kwata-kwata 2-1 a kan Norway, Rice ta fara wasan duk da fama da rashin lafiya da kuma matsalar jijiyoyin da ta shafi hamstring da ƙananan baya.Manajan [[Thomas Tuchel]] ya bayyana cewa Rice ya shafe mafi yawan kwanaki uku da suka gabata a gado kuma an maye gurbinsa a rabin lokaci bayan ya yi gwagwarmaya a cikin zafi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanghera |first=Mandeep |date=12 July 2026 |title=Rice in bed for nearly three days before Norway game - Tuchel |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cpd3wv3v1eeo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260712113020/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cpd3wv3v1eeo |archive-date=12 July 2026 |access-date=12 July 2026 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Rice ya jagoranci tawagarsa ta kasa da Faransa a wasan na uku, inda ya zira kwallaye kuma ya ba da taimako a nasarar 6-4. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 July 2026 |title=England take World Cup third place with 6-4 win against France |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/england-take-world-cup-third-place-with-6-4-win-against-france-2026-07-18/ |access-date=18 July 2026 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Emma |date=18 July 2026 |title=France 4–6 England |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cly5lj1nqdxt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260719011832/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/cly5lj1nqdxt |archive-date=19 July 2026 |access-date=19 July 2026 |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> Goal dinsa, wanda ya zira kwallaye bayan kawai 134 seconds, ya zama burin na biyu mafi sauri da dan wasan Ingila ya yi a gasar cin kofin duniya, bayan Bryan Robson kawai, wanda ya ci kwallaye Bayan 28 seconds.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2026 |title=Saka hits treble as England win ten-goal France thriller |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/france-england-report-highlights-bronze-final |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260719134513/https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/france-england-report-highlights-bronze-final |archive-date=19 July 2026 |access-date=19 July 2026 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> == Hanyar wasa == Rice yana taka leda ne a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron gida kuma an san shi da kwarewarsa da kuma iyawa.A cikin 'yan kwanakin nan, ya fara gina suna a matsayin cikakken dan wasan tsakiya saboda kwarewarsa na ɗaukar kwallon da kuma iyawarsa na zira kwallaye daga kewayon, wanda ya ga an tura shi cikin rawar da ta fi dacewa a wani lokaci a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|lamba takwas]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Steinberg |first=Rachael |date=22 October 2022 |title=Declan Rice is best all-around midfielder in England – Gary O'Neil |url=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/declan-rice-best-around-midfielder-080022378.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617065348/https://uk.style.yahoo.com/declan-rice-best-around-midfielder-080022378.html |archive-date=17 June 2023 |access-date=17 June 2023}}</ref><ref name="ConfPOTS" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hodson |first=Tony |title=Declan Rice Tactical Analysis |url=https://www.coachesvoice.com/cv/declan-rice-west-ham-england/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617065349/https://www.coachesvoice.com/cv/declan-rice-west-ham-england/ |archive-date=17 June 2023 |access-date=17 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oladehinde |first=Stephen |date=7 May 2023 |title=Declan Rice: 5 reasons why Arsenal must sign the English midfielder |url=https://www.pulsesports.ng/football/story/declan-rice-5-reasons-why-arsenal-must-sign-the-english-midfielder-2023050714340739434 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617070850/https://www.pulsesports.ng/football/story/declan-rice-5-reasons-why-arsenal-must-sign-the-english-midfielder-2023050714340739434 |archive-date=17 June 2023 |access-date=17 June 2023}}</ref> An kuma yaba masa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai saboda iyawarsa ta wucewa. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Rice ta kasance abokiyar Mason Mount tun tana yarinya daga lokacin da suka yi wasa tare a makarantar Chelsea. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Steinberg |first=Jacob |date=29 November 2019 |title=Mason Mount and Declan Rice: 'We're always together. They call us Dumb and Dumber' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/nov/29/mason-mount-declan-rice-chelsea-west-ham-england-childhood-friends |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204070509/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/nov/29/mason-mount-declan-rice-chelsea-west-ham-england-childhood-friends |archive-date=4 February 2021 |access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref> Dan uwansa, Finley Munroe, shi ma kwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Townley |first=John |date=26 January 2024 |title=Who is Finley Munroe? Declan Rice cousin named in Aston Villa squad vs Chelsea |url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/aston-villa-promote-declan-rices-27049103 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609163148/https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/aston-villa-promote-declan-rices-27049103 |archive-date=9 June 2023 |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=Birmingham Live |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] b0xy2l9gne06e2eknr671c3ihx6r77a 0 54963 974990 969028 2026-11-01T19:41:30Z M Bash Ne 12403 974990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hassana Abdullahi''' Jaruma ce a masana'antar fim ta [[Hausa]] wato masana'antar [[kannywood]] ta Dan jima a masana'antar tayi fina finai da dama a masana'antar tare da yar uwarta Hussaina.<ref>https://www.blueprint.ng/i-wont-wait-for-my-twins-if-i-get-suitor-hassana-musa-abdullahi/</ref> == Tarihin == Cikakken sunan ta shine '''Hassana Musa Abdullahi''' , jaruma ce a masana'antar fim din Hausa wato kannywood. An haifeta tare da yar uwarta hussaina a ranar 20 ga watan fabrairu shekarar 1995 a unguwa uku Karamar hukumar Tarauni a cikin jihar <ref>https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/daily-trust-saturday/20160123/281702613727649</ref>kano. Sun girma ita da yar uwarta a cikin garin [[Kano]], haka zalika su yaren Hausa ne da kuma [[Fulani]] . == Karatu == Jarumar tayi karatun firamare tare da yar uwarta hussaina a makarantar dake unguwa uku special primary school, sunyi karatun sakandiri a government girls secondary school Johanna a garin kano. Bayan ta gama hassana ta shiga kwalejin Aminu Kano inda tayi difloma ta Karanci Islamic and legal studies, inda ta gama a shekarar 2014.<ref>https://hausa.legit.ng/1145901-kannywood-yadda-wasu-tagwaye-ke-sharar-fage-a-shirin-fim.html</ref> == Masana'antar Fim == Hassana ta Sami shiga masana'antar ita da yar uwarta Hussaina ta hanyar abokin Hussaina na makaranta Wanda darakta ne a masana'antar. Farko Yana Kiran su suga yanda ake yin fim din daga Nan suke Sha,awan fim din. Sun shiga masana'antar fim a shekarar 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://ng.opera.news/ng/en/entertainment/fa5d58a509c261d8fcc10e9e38aa96ce |access-date=2023-07-30 |archive-date=2023-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730155954/https://ng.opera.news/ng/en/entertainment/fa5d58a509c261d8fcc10e9e38aa96ce |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Fina Finan Ta * Juyin Mulki * fitsarin fako * Mairon kauye * Ibro Dan karota * duka biyu * Sabon Dan tijara == Manazarta == {{Reflist }} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Yan wasan kwaikwayo]] [[Category:Mata yan wasan kwaikwayo]] kuerq2r8r1a3kyyunx89q9ovhq56kbc 0 56574 974914 774485 2026-11-01T16:48:22Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 974914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gambe''', ƙauye ne, a Tola-Binyeri [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|yankin]] [[Mayo-Belwa]] a [[Adamawa|karamar hukuman Adamawa,]] a [[Arewa 24|Arewa]] maso [[Gabashin Turai|Gabashin]] [[Najeriya]], ya [[Kasancewar|kasance]] [[Daɗaɗɗen Birnin Aleppo|daɗaɗɗen]] [[Ƙauyen Sampara|ƙauye]] tun [[Kisan Iniubong Umoren|kimanin]] ƙarni na sha bakwai kimanin shekara [[Tatsuniya|ta]] 1750 miladiyya. Gangve Sarkin Gambe na farko ne ya kafa shi. Daga sunan wanda aka samo lafazin Lalacewar lafazin Gambe. Garin ba za'a rude da Gombe jihar Gombe ba. == Geography == Gambe wani dadadden mazauni ne da ke gefen arewacin tsaunin Sebshi a jihar Adamawa ta Najeriya. Kauyen yana kusa da mahadar kogin 'Jara' da kogin 'Boghdu'. Kogunan da suka hade a yanzu suna ratsawa ta wurare kamar Baleri Noppi, Pola, da dai sauransu, kogin yana cikin gabar kogin Benue. Asalin ruwan magudanar ruwa daga tsaunin tsaunuka har zuwa Gambe a gindin dutsen shine kogunan biyu sun hadu kafin su bi ta Arewa zuwa kogin Benue ta garin Ngurore da ke Yola ta kudu. Na sama na kauyen yana saman tudun tudun da ake kira Chabbal Donkin yana kusa da iyaka da Bali LG, jihar Taraba. Garin Daka da ke Bali a jihar Taraba yana da tarihin kakanni daya da Gambe. == Noma == Yawancin ƙauyen yana zaune ne ta ƙananan manoma waɗanda ke noman amfanin gona kamar gyada, dankalin Irish, pear, mango, kwayan dabino, zuman dutse, da atile. Babban ranar kasuwa ita ce kowace Asabar; Ana sayar da kayan amfanin gida da kayayyakin da aka ƙera. == albarkatun kasa == Kauyen Gambe ya ƙunshi ma'adanai masu ƙarfi iri-iri da suka haɗa da barite, agate, ƙurar ƙurar zinariya, quartz, lu'u-lu'u, shuɗiyar sapphire, ruby, emerald, gubar, tourmaline da burbushin halittu. == Mazauna == Gambe gida ce ga al'ummar Chamba, kabila a yankin Arewa maso Gabashin Najeriya. Sannan kuma kauyen ne na farkon wanda ya kammala jami'ar Chamba: Sa'adu Abubakar[1] Gambe. Ya kammala Sakandare na Lardi Yola a shekarar 1964, ya yi HSC a Makarantar Kimiyya ta Legas, sannan ya karanci Botany/Zoology Combined Honors a Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello Zariya. Ana kiransa da 'Baba Gambe' Uban Gambe. Kauyen yana da makarantar firamare da karamar sakandare.{{Stub}} ==Manazarta== 4124v1pcbhh5u1ij3zyj0ph5p2ju6i3 974915 974914 2026-11-01T16:49:49Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 974915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gambe''', ƙauye ne, a Tola-Binyeri [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|yankin]] [[Mayo-Belwa]] a [[Adamawa|karamar hukuman Adamawa,]] a [[Arewa 24|Arewa]] maso [[Gabashin Turai|Gabashin]] [[Najeriya]], ya [[Kasancewar|kasance]] [[Daɗaɗɗen Birnin Aleppo|daɗaɗɗen]] [[Ƙauyen Sampara|ƙauye]] tun [[Kisan Iniubong Umoren|kimanin]] ƙarni na sha bakwai kimanin shekara [[Tatsuniya|ta]] 1750 miladiyya. Gangve Sarkin Gambe na farko ne ya kafa shi. Daga sunan wanda aka samo lafazin Lalacewar lafazin Gambe. Garin ba za'a rude da Gombe jihar Gombe ba. == Geography == Gambe wani dadadden mazauni ne da ke gefen arewacin tsaunin Sebshi a jihar Adamawa ta Najeriya. Kauyen yana kusa da mahadar kogin 'Jara' da kogin 'Boghdu'. Kogunan da suka hade a yanzu suna ratsawa ta wurare kamar Baleri Noppi, Pola, da dai sauransu, kogin yana cikin gabar kogin Benue. Asalin ruwan magudanar ruwa daga tsaunin tsaunuka har zuwa Gambe a gindin dutsen shine kogunan biyu sun hadu kafin su bi ta Arewa zuwa kogin Benue ta garin Ngurore da ke Yola ta kudu. Na sama na kauyen yana saman tudun tudun da ake kira Chabbal Donkin yana kusa da iyaka da Bali LG, jihar Taraba. Garin Daka da ke Bali a jihar Taraba yana da tarihin kakanni daya da Gambe. == Noma == Yawancin ƙauyen yana zaune ne ta ƙananan manoma waɗanda ke noman amfanin gona kamar gyada, dankalin Irish, pear, mango, kwayan dabino, zuman dutse, da atile. Babban ranar kasuwa ita ce kowace Asabar; Ana sayar da kayan amfanin gida da kayayyakin da aka ƙera. == albarkatun kasa == Kauyen Gambe ya ƙunshi ma'adanai masu ƙarfi iri-iri da suka haɗa da barite, agate, ƙurar ƙurar zinariya, quartz, lu'u-lu'u, shuɗiyar sapphire, ruby, emerald, gubar, tourmaline da burbushin halittu. == Mazauna == Gambe gida ce ga al'ummar Chamba, kabila a yankin Arewa maso Gabashin Najeriya. Sannan kuma kauyen ne na farkon wanda ya kammala jami'ar Chamba: Sa'adu Abubakar<ref>"Northern-Nigeria Perspective". northernnigeriaperspective.blogspot.com. Retrieved 28 March 2023.</ref> Gambe. Ya kammala Sakandare na Lardi Yola a shekarar 1964, ya yi HSC a Makarantar Kimiyya ta Legas, sannan ya karanci Botany/Zoology Combined Honors a Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello Zariya. Ana kiransa da 'Baba Gambe' Uban Gambe. Kauyen yana da makarantar firamare da karamar sakandare.{{Stub}} ==Manazarta== 9dy35xft9ku8ddnv67t3hj643ulf81t 974916 974915 2026-11-01T16:50:10Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 974916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gambe''', ƙauye ne, a Tola-Binyeri [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|yankin]] [[Mayo-Belwa]] a [[Adamawa|karamar hukuman Adamawa,]] a [[Arewa 24|Arewa]] maso [[Gabashin Turai|Gabashin]] [[Najeriya]], ya [[Kasancewar|kasance]] [[Daɗaɗɗen Birnin Aleppo|daɗaɗɗen]] [[Ƙauyen Sampara|ƙauye]] tun [[Kisan Iniubong Umoren|kimanin]] ƙarni na sha bakwai kimanin shekara [[Tatsuniya|ta]] 1750 miladiyya. Gangve Sarkin Gambe na farko ne ya kafa shi. Daga sunan wanda aka samo lafazin Lalacewar lafazin Gambe. Garin ba za'a rude da Gombe jihar Gombe ba. == Geography == Gambe wani dadadden mazauni ne da ke gefen arewacin tsaunin Sebshi a jihar Adamawa ta Najeriya. Kauyen yana kusa da mahadar kogin 'Jara' da kogin 'Boghdu'. Kogunan da suka hade a yanzu suna ratsawa ta wurare kamar Baleri Noppi, Pola, da dai sauransu, kogin yana cikin gabar kogin Benue. Asalin ruwan magudanar ruwa daga tsaunin tsaunuka har zuwa Gambe a gindin dutsen shine kogunan biyu sun hadu kafin su bi ta Arewa zuwa kogin Benue ta garin Ngurore da ke Yola ta kudu. Na sama na kauyen yana saman tudun tudun da ake kira Chabbal Donkin yana kusa da iyaka da Bali LG, jihar Taraba. Garin Daka da ke Bali a jihar Taraba yana da tarihin kakanni daya da Gambe. == Noma == Yawancin ƙauyen yana zaune ne ta ƙananan manoma waɗanda ke noman amfanin gona kamar gyada, dankalin Irish, pear, mango, kwayan dabino, zuman dutse, da atile. Babban ranar kasuwa ita ce kowace Asabar; Ana sayar da kayan amfanin gida da kayayyakin da aka ƙera. == albarkatun kasa == Kauyen Gambe ya ƙunshi ma'adanai masu ƙarfi iri-iri da suka haɗa da barite, agate, ƙurar ƙurar zinariya, quartz, lu'u-lu'u, shuɗiyar sapphire, ruby, emerald, gubar, tourmaline da burbushin halittu. == Mazauna == Gambe gida ce ga al'ummar Chamba, kabila a yankin Arewa maso Gabashin Najeriya. Sannan kuma kauyen ne na farkon wanda ya kammala jami'ar Chamba: Sa'adu Abubakar<ref>"Northern-Nigeria Perspective". northernnigeriaperspective.blogspot.com. Retrieved 28 March 2023.</ref> Gambe. Ya kammala Sakandare na Lardi Yola a shekarar 1964, ya yi HSC a Makarantar Kimiyya ta Legas, sannan ya karanci Botany/Zoology Combined Honors a Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello Zariya. Ana kiransa da 'Baba Gambe' Uban Gambe. Kauyen yana da makarantar firamare da karamar sakandare. ==Manazarta== 87ink55cpqxlzkxsjegdh5key3fz7i2 0 57867 975006 310598 2026-11-01T20:00:09Z Zahrah0 14848 975006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Oba '''Mufutau Olatunji Hamzat''' (1932–2019) ma'aikacin banki ne kuma sarkin Najeriya.Ya kasance dan [[majalisar dokokin jihar Legas]] a shekarar 1979 daga baya kuma ya zama kwamishinan sufuri daga shekarar 1979 zuwa shekara ta 1983. == Rayuwa == An haifi Hamzat a shekarar 1932.Ya halarci makarantar Christ, Ilubirin, Legas, don karatun sakandare a 1995.Ya samu takardar shaidar banki ta hanyar karin darasi daga Jami'ar Ibadan kuma [[Afribank]] ya dauke shi aiki a 1966.Ya kasance dan majalisar dokokin jihar Legas a shekarar 1979 sannan kuma ya nada shi kwamishinan sufuri,mukamin da ya rike har zuwa karshen [[jamhuriyar Najeriya ta biyu]].Ya kasance [[Oba|''oba'']] ta hanyar zuriyarsa ta uwa. An auri Kehinde Hamzat. Dan sa [[Femi Hamzat]] shine mataimakin gwamnan jihar Legas a yanzu.<ref name="PUN">{{Cite web|last3=News Agency of Nigeria}}</ref> Ya mutu ranar 12 ga Mayu, 2019. <ref name="PUN">{{Cite web|last3=News Agency of Nigeria}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFReport2019">[[Hukumar Labarai ta Najeriya|Report, Agency]] (13 May 2019). [https://punchng.com/father-of-lagos-deputy-gov-elect-dies/ "Father of Lagos deputy gov-elect dies"]. ''[[The Punch]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 2019]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1932]] 9urhnmyp62fi8gam6c3h0exha6j6qrh 975008 975006 2026-11-01T20:01:42Z Zahrah0 14848 975008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Oba '''Mufutau Olatunji Hamzat''' (1932–2019) ma'aikacin banki ne kuma sarkin Najeriya.Ya kasance dan [[majalisar dokokin jihar Legas]] a shekarar alif 1979 daga baya kuma ya zama kwamishinan sufuri daga shekarar alif 1979 zuwa shekara ta alif 1983. == Rayuwa == An haifi Hamzat a shekarar 1932.Ya halarci makarantar Christ, Ilubirin, Legas, don karatun sakandare a 1995.Ya samu takardar shaidar banki ta hanyar karin darasi daga Jami'ar Ibadan kuma [[Afribank]] ya dauke shi aiki a 1966.Ya kasance dan majalisar dokokin jihar Legas a shekarar 1979 sannan kuma ya nada shi kwamishinan sufuri,mukamin da ya rike har zuwa karshen [[jamhuriyar Najeriya ta biyu]].Ya kasance [[Oba|''oba'']] ta hanyar zuriyarsa ta uwa. An auri Kehinde Hamzat. Dan sa [[Femi Hamzat]] shine mataimakin gwamnan jihar Legas a yanzu.<ref name="PUN">{{Cite web|last3=News Agency of Nigeria}}</ref> Ya mutu ranar 12 ga Mayu, 2019. <ref name="PUN">{{Cite web|last3=News Agency of Nigeria}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFReport2019">[[Hukumar Labarai ta Najeriya|Report, Agency]] (13 May 2019). [https://punchng.com/father-of-lagos-deputy-gov-elect-dies/ "Father of Lagos deputy gov-elect dies"]. ''[[The Punch]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 2019]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1932]] 736l86momxypnyle0m7awr47oqgrd0z 0 62171 974793 973312 2026-11-01T13:36:52Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1382545180|Daniel Etim Effiong]]" 974793 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daniel Etim Effiong''', kuma '''Daniel Etim-Effiong''' <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2020 |title=The Photos from Inside Mimi Onalaja's 30th Birthday Party That'll Make You Feel Like You Were There Too |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/09/mimi-onalaja-30th-birthday-party/ |access-date=October 23, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma darektan fim na Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2020 |title=Moët's "Night With The Stars" delivers All The Nollywood Inspiration You need with Daniel Etim Effiong, Kate Henshaw, Mawuli Gavor & Omotola Jalade Ekeinde |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/01/moet-interview-part-1/ |access-date=October 23, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Etim Effiong a Jaji a Jihar Kaduna, Najeriya .A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa ya zauna a Benin City, Jihar Edo; Jihar Legas; da Abuja .Mahaifinsa, tsohon Lieutenant Colonel Moses Effiong, an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai bayan an yi masa zargi da ƙarya a juyin mulkin Mamman Vatsa na 1985 a lokacin mulkin Ibrahim Babangida .An tura shi kurkuku lokacin da Etim Effiong ke da shekara guda.Mahaifiyarsa ta mutu lokacin da yake dan shekara hudu a kan hanyarsa ta ziyarci mijinta a kurkuku.[1] An saki mahaifin Etim Effiong a 1993 kuma shugaban kasa Muhammadu Buhari ya ba shi cikakken gafarar shugaban kasa a 2020 .[2][3][4] Ya halarci makarantar St. Mary's Private School a [[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]], Jihar Legas, sannan ya biyo bayan Kwalejin Gwamnati, [[Ikorodu]], kuma a Jihar Legasa, don karatun sakandare.Ya sami digiri a fannin Injiniyan sunadarai a [[Minna]]" id="mwMw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Federal University of Technology, Minna">Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya da ke Minna, [[Neja|Jihar Nijar]] .Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci yana aiki a matsayin injiniya a masana'antar mai da iskar gas, ya ci gaba da karatun fim, rubutun allo da kuma ba da umarni a [[AFDA, Makaranta don Ƙarfafa Tattalin Arziki|Makarantar Fim ta AFDA]] a Afirka ta Kudu. == Ayyuka == === Shekaru na 2010 === Bayan ya bar aikinsa na mai da iskar gas, ya zama mai samar da abun ciki ga [[Ndani TV|NdaniTV]] . <ref name="En">{{Cite web |date=February 27, 2020 |title=Bimbo Ademoye, Daniel Etim Effiong, Reminisce and other promising stars to watch out for |url=https://encomium.ng/7th-amvca-bimbo-ademoye-daniel-etim-effiong-reminisce-and-other-promising-stars-to-watch-out-for/ |access-date=October 23, 2020 |publisher=Encomium}}</ref> Farawa a farkon shekarun 2010, Etim Effiong ya ɗauki matsayi a cikin jerin yanar gizo da talabijin waɗanda suka haɗa da Goddammit It's Monday (2012), ''[[Gidi Up]]'' (2013), ''Mataimakin Madams'', Castle da Castle (2018) da The Men's Club (2018). A cikin 2017, ya ba da umarnin wasan kwaikwayo na minti biyar mai taken Prey wanda ke nuna [[Tope Tedela]] da Odenike Odetola . <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 12, 2017 |title=He Directed…She Produced! WATCH Toyosi & Daniel Etim-Effiong's Short Film "Prey" on BN TV |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/12/directed-produced-watch-toyosi-daniel-etim-effiongs-short-film-prey-bn-tv/ |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> A cikin 2018, ya fara yin fim dinsa na farko a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na New Money .Nasarar da ya samu ta zo ne a shekara mai zuwa a fim din wasan kwaikwayo na Kenya, Shirin B, tare da [[Sarah Hassan]] da [[Catherine Kamau|Catherine Kamau Karanja]] kuma yana wasa da Shugaba na Najeriya na kamfanin Nairobi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2020 |title=Plan B |url=https://paukwa.or.ke/plan-b/ |access-date=October 23, 2020 |publisher=Paukwa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 15, 2019 |title=Plan B |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2019/02/plan-b.html |access-date=October 23, 2020 |publisher=Nollywood Reinvented}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 14, 2020 |title=7 Nigerian movies you can enjoy with bae in February |url=https://stories.showmax.com/7-nigerian-movies-you-can-enjoy-with-bae-in-february/ |access-date=October 23, 2020 |publisher=Showmax Stories}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 14, 2019 |title=#BNMovieFeature – Valentine's Day Special: WATCH Lowla Dee's "Plan B" starring Daniel Etim Effiong, Lenana Kariba, Sarah Hassan |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/02/bnmoviefeature-valentines-day-special-watch-lowla-dees-plan-b-starring-daniel-etim-effiong-lenana-kariba-sarah-hassan/ |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> Ya lashe kyautar Best Actor a Comedy a 7th [[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|AMVCA]] awards 2020 saboda rawar da ya taka.<ref name="En" /> === Shekaru na 2020 === A cikin 2020, ya fara zama darektan tare da Fish Bone, wani ɗan gajeren fim wanda ya magance batun yaudarar miyagun ƙwayoyi, kuma ya fito tare da [[Shafy Bello|Shaffy Bello]] da Moshood Fattah . <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 1, 2020 |title=Editi Effiong's "Fishbone" Is Perfect for Movie Night {{!}} Watch on BN TV |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/05/fishbone-movie-editi-effiong/ |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> A wannan shekarar ya bayyana a cikin Storm, wani ɗan gajeren lokaci tare da Ike Onyema da Atteh 'SirDee' Daniel kuma Michael 'AMA Psalmist' Akinrogunde ne ya ba da umarni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 13, 2020 |title=Diane Russet's Short Film "Storm" Proves Love can be Found in the Most Unexpected Circumstances |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/07/diane-russet-short-film-storm/ |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> Har ila yau, a cikin 2020, an saki fim dinsa na farko, shirin Netflix Skin, wanda ya binciki batun launi a Najeriya.Ya ƙunshi [[Beverly Naya]] wanda kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okiche |first=Wilfred |date=July 8, 2020 |title=Film Review: The triumphs and layered questions of Daniel Etim Effiong's Skin |url=https://ynaija.com/film-review-the-moral-failures-of-daniel-etim-effiongs-skin/ |access-date=October 23, 2020 |website=YNaija}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwosu |first=IK |date=July 7, 2020 |title=Beverly Naya's "Skin" Has Helped Young Girls Reconsider Bleaching |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/07/beverly-naya-skin-documentary-exclusive-interview/ |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 10, 2020 |title=Beverly Naya's "Skin" Documentary Is Coming To Netflix Soon |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/06/beverly-naya-skin-documentary/ |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> A cikin 2021, ya fito a cikin Collision Course, fim din [[Bolanle Austen-Peters]] wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar [[End SARS|#EndSars]].A wannan shekarar, ya sake taka rawar da ya taka a karo na biyu na jerin wasan kwaikwayo na shari'a na Netflix, ''Castle da Castle.'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kan |first=Toni |date=2022-08-28 |title=Echoes of #Endsars as "Collision Course" wows towards Netflix premiere — Chris Iheuwa |url=https://thelagosreview.ng/echoes-of-endsars-as-collision-course-wows-towards-netflix-premiere-chris-iheuwa/ |access-date=2025-11-29 |website=The Lagos Review |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya sami lambar yabo ta Mafi kyawun Actor saboda rawar da ya taka a ''[[Kofa (fim 2022)|Kofa]]'' a bikin fina-finai na Afirka a 2022 kuma an zabi shi don Mafi kyawun A actor a 2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards .Ya kuma sami gabatarwa ga [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] don Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayin Jagora don Jolly Roger, wasan kwaikwayo na aikata laifuka na Netflix.Ya bayyana a cikin Blood Sisters, mai ban tsoro da kuma jerin shirye-shiryen Najeriya na farko na Netflix wanda ya kai saman 10 a cikin ƙasashe 30. ''Selina,'' wanda aka saki don YouTube, ya kasance sananne ne don kasancewa misali na farko na yiwuwar kudi na dandalin gudana ga masu shirya fina-finai na Nollywood.Fim din ya fito da Etim Effiong da Bimbo Ademoye a matsayin masoya biyu daga asali daban-daban.Masu sauraro sun karɓa sosai kuma ''Selina 2'' da ''Selina 3'' sun biyo baya a wannan shekarar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-12 |title=The 20 Greatest Romantic Nollywood Films of All Time - What Kept Me Up |url=https://whatkeptmeup.com/nollywood-movies/the-20-greatest-romantic-nollywood-films-of-all-time/ |access-date=2025-11-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2023, ya fito a fina-finai da yawa, ciki har da A Weekend To Forget, wanda ya yi aiki sosai a ofishin jakadancin Najeriya; <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Top-Grossing Films of 2023 & 2024 – BusinessDay Intelligence |url=https://businessdayintelligence.ng/the-top-grossing-films-of-2023-2024/ |access-date=2025-11-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> fim din [[Niyi Akinmolayan]] [[Mikolo (fim)|''Mikolo'']], fim din rayuwa da fim din fantasy na iyali; Different Strokes, wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na [[Biodun Stephen]]; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Different Strokes {{!}} Nollywood Reinvented |url=https://nollywoodreinvented.com/2024/03/different-strokes.html |access-date=2025-11-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> da ''Selina''<nowiki/>'s Wedding, kashi na huɗu na jerin fina-fukan Selina. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Selina's Wedding {{!}} Nollywood Reinvented |url=https://nollywoodreinvented.com/2023/10/selinas-wedding.html |access-date=2025-11-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kuma fito a cikin A Young Time Ago da Lily of the Valley, fitowar YouTube tare da [[Nancy Isime]] .<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-08 |title="A Young Time Ago" Review: Subtle but Visible Misogyny Takes Front Row in the Tolu Lordtanner-Directed Drama - Afrocritik |url=https://afrocritik.com/a-young-time-ago-review-subtle-but-visible-misogyny-takes-front-row-in-the-tolu-lordtanner-directed-drama/ |access-date=2025-11-28 |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2024, ya fito a cikin ''[[Òlóturé|Olotūré]]'': The Journey, wani jerin shirye-shiryen Netflix da suka biyo bayan wasan kwaikwayo na Mo Abudu wanda ya samar da Òlòtûré (2019). A cikin 2025, ya ba da umarni kuma ya fito a cikin The Herd, wani labari mai ban tsoro wanda ya biyo bayan sace wani rukuni na mutane da 'yan bindiga da ke nuna kansu a matsayin makiyaya.An sake shi a cikin fina-finai a watan Oktoba, an fara shi a Netflix a ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba, ya kai lamba daya a kan jadawalin Najeriya na dandalin. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Dufe |first=Sahndra Fon |date=2025-11-24 |title=Daniel Etim Effiong's "The Herd" Arrives on No 1 on Netflix Nigeria - And the Conversation Has Already Begun |url=https://www.blackfilmwire.com/post/daniel-etim-effiong-s-the-herd-arrives-on-no-1-on-netflix-nigeria-and-the-conversation-has-alrea |access-date=2025-11-28 |website=Black Film Wire |language=en}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani !Ref |- |2020 |''Mataimakin Madams'' | |1 fitowar | |- |2019 |''Gidan sarauta da Gidan sarauniya'' |Mike Amenechi | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2018-08-01 |title=Will Remi be able to handle this Moral Dilemma? Watch episode 5 of Castle & Castle Exclusively on EbonylifeON |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/08/episode-5-castle-castle-only-ebonylifeon/ |access-date=2021-02-14 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2018– |''[[The Men's Club (Nigerian web series)|Kungiyar Maza]]'' |Lanre | |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2020-11-12 |title=Full biography of Nollywood actor Daniel Etim Effiong and other facts about him |url=https://dnbstories.com/2020/11/full-biography-of-nollywood-actor-daniel-etim-effiong.html |access-date=2021-02-14 |website=DNB Stories |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2013 |''[[Gidi Up]]'' |Folarin | |<ref name=":0" /> |- |2012 |''Goddammit Litinin ne'' |Mata |Abubuwa 2 | |- |2021 |''Castle &amp;amp; Castle'' |Mike Amenechi |Abubuwa 15 | |- |2022 |''[[Sisters Blood (2022 TV series)|<nowiki/>'Yan uwa mata na jini]]'' |Aikin |Abubuwa 4 | |- |2024 |''Oloture: Tafiyar'' |Tony |Abubuwa 3 | |} === Fim din === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; margin:auto; background:#fff;" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani !Ref |- | rowspan="2" |2025 |''[[The Herd (fim na 2025)|Garken]]'' | |Har ila yau darektan |<ref name=":2" /> |- |''[[Aso Ebi Diaries|Rubuce-rubucen Aso Ebi]]'' | |[[Biodun Stephen]] ne ya shirya | |- | rowspan="7" |2023 |''Barage'' |Matsakaicin |Emmanuel Akaemeh ne ya shirya | |- |''Bikin auren Selina'' |Ruuben |tare da Bimbo Ademoye, Oluwaseun Ayinde | |- |''Lokacin Ƙuruciya da ya gabata'' |Tsohon Tayo |tare da Sophie Alakija, Omobola Akinde | |- |''[[A Weekend To Forget (fim)|A karshen mako da za a manta da shi]]'' |Shima |Damola Ademola ne ya shirya | |- |''Lily na kwarin'' |Bily |tare da Nancy Isime, Olaye Benjamin | |- |''[[Mikolo (fim)|Mikolo]]'' |Maleek (mahaifin) |Niyi Akinmolayan ne ya shirya |<ref name="MilMstImpFilm_Med">{{Cite web |last=Titiloye |first=Ladipo |date=2023-08-24 |title=Why Niyi Akinmolayan's Mikolo is Nigeria's Most Important Film of the Year |url=https://ladipotitiloye.medium.com/why-niyi-akinmolayans-mikolo-is-nigeria-s-most-important-film-of-the-year-61591c4e2c9d |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref> |- |''Strokes daban-daban'' |Khalid |Tare da Lateef Adedimeji, Shaffy Bello | |- | rowspan="3" |2022 |''[[Kofa (fim 2022)|Kofa]]'' |Wale |Kyautar AFRIFF da kuma gabatarwa ta AMVCA |<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2022 |title=Jude Idada's 'Kofa' nabs 3 major awards at AFRIFF 2022 {{!}} Pulse Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/jude-idadas-kofa-nabs-3-major-awards-at-afriff-2022/nlhklnp |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=www.pulse.ng |language=en}}</ref> |- |''Selina'' |Ruuben |Tare da Bimbo Ademoye, Ivy Antiev | |- |''Mai farin ciki Roger'' |Ruwa |Nomin da aka samu a gasar cin kofin fim din Afirka | |- |2021 |''[[Still Falling|Har yanzu yana faɗuwa]]'' |Kyaftin Lagi |Tare da [[Sharon Ooja]] | |- | rowspan="3" |2020 |''Fata'' |Daraktan |Shirin da ke nuna [[Eku Edewor]] da [[Beverly Naya]] |<ref>{{Cite web |title=SKIN |url=https://www.urbanworld.org/2019/skin |access-date=2021-02-14 |website=Urbanworld |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |''Guguwa'' |Guguwa |Gajeren fim tare da [[Diane Russet]] | |- |''Kashi na Kifi'' |Sufeto |Takaitaccen fim tare da [[Shafy Bello]] da Moshood Fattah |<ref name="bellanaija.com">{{Cite web |last=Tv |first=Bn |date=2020-05-01 |title=Editi Effiong's "Fishbone" Is Perfect for Movie Night {{!}} Watch on BN TV |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/05/fishbone-movie-editi-effiong/ |access-date=2021-02-14 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2019 |''[[Òlóturé|Olotūré]]'' |Tony |Tare da Beverly Osu, Blossom Chukwujekwu, Ada Ameh |<ref>{{Cite web |last=nollywoodreinvented |date=2020-10-05 |title=Òlòtūré |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2020/10/oloture.html |access-date=2021-02-14 |website=Nollywood Reinvented |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |''[[Makate Must Sell|Dole ne a sayar da shi]]'' |Gbenro |Tare da Igwe 2pac, Toyin Ibrahim, Diipo Adeusi | |- |''[[Plan B (2019 fim)|Shirin B]]'' |Dele Coker |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |last=nollywoodreinvented |date=2019-02-15 |title=Plan B |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2019/02/plan-b.html |access-date=2021-02-14 |website=Nollywood Reinvented |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2018 |''[[New Money (fim na 2018)|Sabon Kudi]]'' |Ganiyu Osamede |Tare da Dakore Akande | |- |2017 |''Abin da aka fara ganinsa'' |Daraktan |Takaitaccen ɗan gajeren lokaci |<ref name="bellanaija.com" /> |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2022 |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayin Jagora |''Mai farin ciki Roger''|{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa Movie Academy Awards: Adjetey Anang wins, check out full list of winners – MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/africa-movie-academy-awards-adjetey-anang-wins-check-out-full-list-of-winners/ |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2022 |[[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fim na Duniya na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a cikin Drama, Movie ko TV Series | rowspan="2" |''Kofa''|{{Won}} |<ref name=":1" /> |- |2023 |[[2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a cikin Comedy Drama, Movie ko TV Series|{{Nom}} |<ref name="Lawal 2023">{{Cite web |last=Lawal |first=Khadijat |date=2023-05-21 |title=AMVCA 2023: Full List Of Winners |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2023/05/21/amvca-2023-full-list-of-winners/amp/ |access-date=2023-06-10 |website=Channels Television}}</ref> |} == Rayuwa ta mutum == Ainihin Eong ya auri Toyosi Etim-Effiong tun daga 4 ga Nuwamba 2017.Sun fara haduwa a watan Agustan 2016 yayin da suke aiki a kan aikin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 28, 2017 |title=WEDDINGSBN Celebrity Weddings: Toyosi Phillips & Daniel Etim Effiong's #3StrandCord #YorubaEfikMergerBellaNaija Weddings |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/11/toyosi-phillips-and-etim-effiongs-3strandcord-wedding/ |access-date=October 23, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> Ma'auratan sun yi maraba da ɗansu na farko, jariri, a watan Janairun 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 16, 2019 |title=Toyosi and Daniel Etim Effiong's baby girl is here and she is so cute! |url=https://www.informationnigeria.com/2019/01/toyosi-and-daniel-etim-effiongs-baby-girl-is-here-and-she-is-so-cute.html |access-date=October 22, 2020 |publisher=Information Nigeria}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] berkcnj89h4ul6n7ori0m1mkilcvbbr 974794 974793 2026-11-01T13:37:28Z Salma Raddah 45959 974794 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daniel Etim Effiong''', kuma '''Daniel Etim-Effiong''' <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2020 |title=The Photos from Inside Mimi Onalaja's 30th Birthday Party That'll Make You Feel Like You Were There Too |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/09/mimi-onalaja-30th-birthday-party/ |access-date=October 23, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma darektan fim na Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2020 |title=Moët's "Night With The Stars" delivers All The Nollywood Inspiration You need with Daniel Etim Effiong, Kate Henshaw, Mawuli Gavor & Omotola Jalade Ekeinde |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/01/moet-interview-part-1/ |access-date=October 23, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == {{Databox}} An haifi Etim Effiong a Jaji a Jihar Kaduna, Najeriya .A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa ya zauna a Benin City, Jihar Edo; Jihar Legas; da Abuja .Mahaifinsa, tsohon Lieutenant Colonel Moses Effiong, an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai bayan an yi masa zargi da ƙarya a juyin mulkin Mamman Vatsa na 1985 a lokacin mulkin Ibrahim Babangida .An tura shi kurkuku lokacin da Etim Effiong ke da shekara guda.Mahaifiyarsa ta mutu lokacin da yake dan shekara hudu a kan hanyarsa ta ziyarci mijinta a kurkuku.[1] An saki mahaifin Etim Effiong a 1993 kuma shugaban kasa Muhammadu Buhari ya ba shi cikakken gafarar shugaban kasa a 2020 .[2][3][4] Ya halarci makarantar St. Mary's Private School a [[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]], Jihar Legas, sannan ya biyo bayan Kwalejin Gwamnati, [[Ikorodu]], kuma a Jihar Legasa, don karatun sakandare.Ya sami digiri a fannin Injiniyan sunadarai a [[Minna]]" id="mwMw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Federal University of Technology, Minna">Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya da ke Minna, [[Neja|Jihar Nijar]] .Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci yana aiki a matsayin injiniya a masana'antar mai da iskar gas, ya ci gaba da karatun fim, rubutun allo da kuma ba da umarni a [[AFDA, Makaranta don Ƙarfafa Tattalin Arziki|Makarantar Fim ta AFDA]] a Afirka ta Kudu. == Ayyuka == === Shekaru na 2010 === Bayan ya bar aikinsa na mai da iskar gas, ya zama mai samar da abun ciki ga [[Ndani TV|NdaniTV]] . <ref name="En">{{Cite web |date=February 27, 2020 |title=Bimbo Ademoye, Daniel Etim Effiong, Reminisce and other promising stars to watch out for |url=https://encomium.ng/7th-amvca-bimbo-ademoye-daniel-etim-effiong-reminisce-and-other-promising-stars-to-watch-out-for/ |access-date=October 23, 2020 |publisher=Encomium}}</ref> Farawa a farkon shekarun 2010, Etim Effiong ya ɗauki matsayi a cikin jerin yanar gizo da talabijin waɗanda suka haɗa da Goddammit It's Monday (2012), ''[[Gidi Up]]'' (2013), ''Mataimakin Madams'', Castle da Castle (2018) da The Men's Club (2018). A cikin 2017, ya ba da umarnin wasan kwaikwayo na minti biyar mai taken Prey wanda ke nuna [[Tope Tedela]] da Odenike Odetola . <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 12, 2017 |title=He Directed…She Produced! WATCH Toyosi & Daniel Etim-Effiong's Short Film "Prey" on BN TV |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/12/directed-produced-watch-toyosi-daniel-etim-effiongs-short-film-prey-bn-tv/ |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> A cikin 2018, ya fara yin fim dinsa na farko a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na New Money .Nasarar da ya samu ta zo ne a shekara mai zuwa a fim din wasan kwaikwayo na Kenya, Shirin B, tare da [[Sarah Hassan]] da [[Catherine Kamau|Catherine Kamau Karanja]] kuma yana wasa da Shugaba na Najeriya na kamfanin Nairobi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2020 |title=Plan B |url=https://paukwa.or.ke/plan-b/ |access-date=October 23, 2020 |publisher=Paukwa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 15, 2019 |title=Plan B |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2019/02/plan-b.html |access-date=October 23, 2020 |publisher=Nollywood Reinvented}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 14, 2020 |title=7 Nigerian movies you can enjoy with bae in February |url=https://stories.showmax.com/7-nigerian-movies-you-can-enjoy-with-bae-in-february/ |access-date=October 23, 2020 |publisher=Showmax Stories}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 14, 2019 |title=#BNMovieFeature – Valentine's Day Special: WATCH Lowla Dee's "Plan B" starring Daniel Etim Effiong, Lenana Kariba, Sarah Hassan |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/02/bnmoviefeature-valentines-day-special-watch-lowla-dees-plan-b-starring-daniel-etim-effiong-lenana-kariba-sarah-hassan/ |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> Ya lashe kyautar Best Actor a Comedy a 7th [[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|AMVCA]] awards 2020 saboda rawar da ya taka.<ref name="En" /> === Shekaru na 2020 === A cikin 2020, ya fara zama darektan tare da Fish Bone, wani ɗan gajeren fim wanda ya magance batun yaudarar miyagun ƙwayoyi, kuma ya fito tare da [[Shafy Bello|Shaffy Bello]] da Moshood Fattah . <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 1, 2020 |title=Editi Effiong's "Fishbone" Is Perfect for Movie Night {{!}} Watch on BN TV |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/05/fishbone-movie-editi-effiong/ |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> A wannan shekarar ya bayyana a cikin Storm, wani ɗan gajeren lokaci tare da Ike Onyema da Atteh 'SirDee' Daniel kuma Michael 'AMA Psalmist' Akinrogunde ne ya ba da umarni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 13, 2020 |title=Diane Russet's Short Film "Storm" Proves Love can be Found in the Most Unexpected Circumstances |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/07/diane-russet-short-film-storm/ |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> Har ila yau, a cikin 2020, an saki fim dinsa na farko, shirin Netflix Skin, wanda ya binciki batun launi a Najeriya.Ya ƙunshi [[Beverly Naya]] wanda kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okiche |first=Wilfred |date=July 8, 2020 |title=Film Review: The triumphs and layered questions of Daniel Etim Effiong's Skin |url=https://ynaija.com/film-review-the-moral-failures-of-daniel-etim-effiongs-skin/ |access-date=October 23, 2020 |website=YNaija}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwosu |first=IK |date=July 7, 2020 |title=Beverly Naya's "Skin" Has Helped Young Girls Reconsider Bleaching |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/07/beverly-naya-skin-documentary-exclusive-interview/ |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 10, 2020 |title=Beverly Naya's "Skin" Documentary Is Coming To Netflix Soon |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/06/beverly-naya-skin-documentary/ |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> A cikin 2021, ya fito a cikin Collision Course, fim din [[Bolanle Austen-Peters]] wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar [[End SARS|#EndSars]].A wannan shekarar, ya sake taka rawar da ya taka a karo na biyu na jerin wasan kwaikwayo na shari'a na Netflix, ''Castle da Castle.'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kan |first=Toni |date=2022-08-28 |title=Echoes of #Endsars as "Collision Course" wows towards Netflix premiere — Chris Iheuwa |url=https://thelagosreview.ng/echoes-of-endsars-as-collision-course-wows-towards-netflix-premiere-chris-iheuwa/ |access-date=2025-11-29 |website=The Lagos Review |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya sami lambar yabo ta Mafi kyawun Actor saboda rawar da ya taka a ''[[Kofa (fim 2022)|Kofa]]'' a bikin fina-finai na Afirka a 2022 kuma an zabi shi don Mafi kyawun A actor a 2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards .Ya kuma sami gabatarwa ga [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] don Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayin Jagora don Jolly Roger, wasan kwaikwayo na aikata laifuka na Netflix.Ya bayyana a cikin Blood Sisters, mai ban tsoro da kuma jerin shirye-shiryen Najeriya na farko na Netflix wanda ya kai saman 10 a cikin ƙasashe 30. ''Selina,'' wanda aka saki don YouTube, ya kasance sananne ne don kasancewa misali na farko na yiwuwar kudi na dandalin gudana ga masu shirya fina-finai na Nollywood.Fim din ya fito da Etim Effiong da Bimbo Ademoye a matsayin masoya biyu daga asali daban-daban.Masu sauraro sun karɓa sosai kuma ''Selina 2'' da ''Selina 3'' sun biyo baya a wannan shekarar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-12 |title=The 20 Greatest Romantic Nollywood Films of All Time - What Kept Me Up |url=https://whatkeptmeup.com/nollywood-movies/the-20-greatest-romantic-nollywood-films-of-all-time/ |access-date=2025-11-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2023, ya fito a fina-finai da yawa, ciki har da A Weekend To Forget, wanda ya yi aiki sosai a ofishin jakadancin Najeriya; <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Top-Grossing Films of 2023 & 2024 – BusinessDay Intelligence |url=https://businessdayintelligence.ng/the-top-grossing-films-of-2023-2024/ |access-date=2025-11-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> fim din [[Niyi Akinmolayan]] [[Mikolo (fim)|''Mikolo'']], fim din rayuwa da fim din fantasy na iyali; Different Strokes, wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na [[Biodun Stephen]]; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Different Strokes {{!}} Nollywood Reinvented |url=https://nollywoodreinvented.com/2024/03/different-strokes.html |access-date=2025-11-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> da ''Selina''<nowiki/>'s Wedding, kashi na huɗu na jerin fina-fukan Selina. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Selina's Wedding {{!}} Nollywood Reinvented |url=https://nollywoodreinvented.com/2023/10/selinas-wedding.html |access-date=2025-11-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kuma fito a cikin A Young Time Ago da Lily of the Valley, fitowar YouTube tare da [[Nancy Isime]] .<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-08 |title="A Young Time Ago" Review: Subtle but Visible Misogyny Takes Front Row in the Tolu Lordtanner-Directed Drama - Afrocritik |url=https://afrocritik.com/a-young-time-ago-review-subtle-but-visible-misogyny-takes-front-row-in-the-tolu-lordtanner-directed-drama/ |access-date=2025-11-28 |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2024, ya fito a cikin ''[[Òlóturé|Olotūré]]'': The Journey, wani jerin shirye-shiryen Netflix da suka biyo bayan wasan kwaikwayo na Mo Abudu wanda ya samar da Òlòtûré (2019). A cikin 2025, ya ba da umarni kuma ya fito a cikin The Herd, wani labari mai ban tsoro wanda ya biyo bayan sace wani rukuni na mutane da 'yan bindiga da ke nuna kansu a matsayin makiyaya.An sake shi a cikin fina-finai a watan Oktoba, an fara shi a Netflix a ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba, ya kai lamba daya a kan jadawalin Najeriya na dandalin. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Dufe |first=Sahndra Fon |date=2025-11-24 |title=Daniel Etim Effiong's "The Herd" Arrives on No 1 on Netflix Nigeria - And the Conversation Has Already Begun |url=https://www.blackfilmwire.com/post/daniel-etim-effiong-s-the-herd-arrives-on-no-1-on-netflix-nigeria-and-the-conversation-has-alrea |access-date=2025-11-28 |website=Black Film Wire |language=en}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani !Ref |- |2020 |''Mataimakin Madams'' | |1 fitowar | |- |2019 |''Gidan sarauta da Gidan sarauniya'' |Mike Amenechi | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2018-08-01 |title=Will Remi be able to handle this Moral Dilemma? Watch episode 5 of Castle & Castle Exclusively on EbonylifeON |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/08/episode-5-castle-castle-only-ebonylifeon/ |access-date=2021-02-14 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2018– |''[[The Men's Club (Nigerian web series)|Kungiyar Maza]]'' |Lanre | |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2020-11-12 |title=Full biography of Nollywood actor Daniel Etim Effiong and other facts about him |url=https://dnbstories.com/2020/11/full-biography-of-nollywood-actor-daniel-etim-effiong.html |access-date=2021-02-14 |website=DNB Stories |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2013 |''[[Gidi Up]]'' |Folarin | |<ref name=":0" /> |- |2012 |''Goddammit Litinin ne'' |Mata |Abubuwa 2 | |- |2021 |''Castle &amp;amp; Castle'' |Mike Amenechi |Abubuwa 15 | |- |2022 |''[[Sisters Blood (2022 TV series)|<nowiki/>'Yan uwa mata na jini]]'' |Aikin |Abubuwa 4 | |- |2024 |''Oloture: Tafiyar'' |Tony |Abubuwa 3 | |} === Fim din === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; margin:auto; background:#fff;" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani !Ref |- | rowspan="2" |2025 |''[[The Herd (fim na 2025)|Garken]]'' | |Har ila yau darektan |<ref name=":2" /> |- |''[[Aso Ebi Diaries|Rubuce-rubucen Aso Ebi]]'' | |[[Biodun Stephen]] ne ya shirya | |- | rowspan="7" |2023 |''Barage'' |Matsakaicin |Emmanuel Akaemeh ne ya shirya | |- |''Bikin auren Selina'' |Ruuben |tare da Bimbo Ademoye, Oluwaseun Ayinde | |- |''Lokacin Ƙuruciya da ya gabata'' |Tsohon Tayo |tare da Sophie Alakija, Omobola Akinde | |- |''[[A Weekend To Forget (fim)|A karshen mako da za a manta da shi]]'' |Shima |Damola Ademola ne ya shirya | |- |''Lily na kwarin'' |Bily |tare da Nancy Isime, Olaye Benjamin | |- |''[[Mikolo (fim)|Mikolo]]'' |Maleek (mahaifin) |Niyi Akinmolayan ne ya shirya |<ref name="MilMstImpFilm_Med">{{Cite web |last=Titiloye |first=Ladipo |date=2023-08-24 |title=Why Niyi Akinmolayan's Mikolo is Nigeria's Most Important Film of the Year |url=https://ladipotitiloye.medium.com/why-niyi-akinmolayans-mikolo-is-nigeria-s-most-important-film-of-the-year-61591c4e2c9d |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref> |- |''Strokes daban-daban'' |Khalid |Tare da Lateef Adedimeji, Shaffy Bello | |- | rowspan="3" |2022 |''[[Kofa (fim 2022)|Kofa]]'' |Wale |Kyautar AFRIFF da kuma gabatarwa ta AMVCA |<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2022 |title=Jude Idada's 'Kofa' nabs 3 major awards at AFRIFF 2022 {{!}} Pulse Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/jude-idadas-kofa-nabs-3-major-awards-at-afriff-2022/nlhklnp |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=www.pulse.ng |language=en}}</ref> |- |''Selina'' |Ruuben |Tare da Bimbo Ademoye, Ivy Antiev | |- |''Mai farin ciki Roger'' |Ruwa |Nomin da aka samu a gasar cin kofin fim din Afirka | |- |2021 |''[[Still Falling|Har yanzu yana faɗuwa]]'' |Kyaftin Lagi |Tare da [[Sharon Ooja]] | |- | rowspan="3" |2020 |''Fata'' |Daraktan |Shirin da ke nuna [[Eku Edewor]] da [[Beverly Naya]] |<ref>{{Cite web |title=SKIN |url=https://www.urbanworld.org/2019/skin |access-date=2021-02-14 |website=Urbanworld |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |''Guguwa'' |Guguwa |Gajeren fim tare da [[Diane Russet]] | |- |''Kashi na Kifi'' |Sufeto |Takaitaccen fim tare da [[Shafy Bello]] da Moshood Fattah |<ref name="bellanaija.com">{{Cite web |last=Tv |first=Bn |date=2020-05-01 |title=Editi Effiong's "Fishbone" Is Perfect for Movie Night {{!}} Watch on BN TV |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/05/fishbone-movie-editi-effiong/ |access-date=2021-02-14 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2019 |''[[Òlóturé|Olotūré]]'' |Tony |Tare da Beverly Osu, Blossom Chukwujekwu, Ada Ameh |<ref>{{Cite web |last=nollywoodreinvented |date=2020-10-05 |title=Òlòtūré |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2020/10/oloture.html |access-date=2021-02-14 |website=Nollywood Reinvented |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |''[[Makate Must Sell|Dole ne a sayar da shi]]'' |Gbenro |Tare da Igwe 2pac, Toyin Ibrahim, Diipo Adeusi | |- |''[[Plan B (2019 fim)|Shirin B]]'' |Dele Coker |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |last=nollywoodreinvented |date=2019-02-15 |title=Plan B |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2019/02/plan-b.html |access-date=2021-02-14 |website=Nollywood Reinvented |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2018 |''[[New Money (fim na 2018)|Sabon Kudi]]'' |Ganiyu Osamede |Tare da Dakore Akande | |- |2017 |''Abin da aka fara ganinsa'' |Daraktan |Takaitaccen ɗan gajeren lokaci |<ref name="bellanaija.com" /> |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2022 |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayin Jagora |''Mai farin ciki Roger''|{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa Movie Academy Awards: Adjetey Anang wins, check out full list of winners – MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/africa-movie-academy-awards-adjetey-anang-wins-check-out-full-list-of-winners/ |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2022 |[[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fim na Duniya na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a cikin Drama, Movie ko TV Series | rowspan="2" |''Kofa''|{{Won}} |<ref name=":1" /> |- |2023 |[[2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a cikin Comedy Drama, Movie ko TV Series|{{Nom}} |<ref name="Lawal 2023">{{Cite web |last=Lawal |first=Khadijat |date=2023-05-21 |title=AMVCA 2023: Full List Of Winners |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2023/05/21/amvca-2023-full-list-of-winners/amp/ |access-date=2023-06-10 |website=Channels Television}}</ref> |} == Rayuwa ta mutum == Ainihin Eong ya auri Toyosi Etim-Effiong tun daga 4 ga Nuwamba 2017.Sun fara haduwa a watan Agustan 2016 yayin da suke aiki a kan aikin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 28, 2017 |title=WEDDINGSBN Celebrity Weddings: Toyosi Phillips & Daniel Etim Effiong's #3StrandCord #YorubaEfikMergerBellaNaija Weddings |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/11/toyosi-phillips-and-etim-effiongs-3strandcord-wedding/ |access-date=October 23, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> Ma'auratan sun yi maraba da ɗansu na farko, jariri, a watan Janairun 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 16, 2019 |title=Toyosi and Daniel Etim Effiong's baby girl is here and she is so cute! |url=https://www.informationnigeria.com/2019/01/toyosi-and-daniel-etim-effiongs-baby-girl-is-here-and-she-is-so-cute.html |access-date=October 22, 2020 |publisher=Information Nigeria}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5cym4nhu3ogyt6j2jtgud0gt9nhno7y 974796 974794 2026-11-01T13:38:47Z Salma Raddah 45959 974796 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daniel Etim Effiong''', kuma '''Daniel Etim-Effiong''' <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2020 |title=The Photos from Inside Mimi Onalaja's 30th Birthday Party That'll Make You Feel Like You Were There Too |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/09/mimi-onalaja-30th-birthday-party/ |access-date=October 23, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma darektan fim na Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2020 |title=Moët's "Night With The Stars" delivers All The Nollywood Inspiration You need with Daniel Etim Effiong, Kate Henshaw, Mawuli Gavor & Omotola Jalade Ekeinde |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/01/moet-interview-part-1/ |access-date=October 23, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == {{Databox}} An haifi Etim Effiong a Jaji a Jihar Kaduna, Najeriya .A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa ya zauna a Benin City, Jihar Edo; Jihar Legas; da Abuja .Mahaifinsa, tsohon Lieutenant Colonel Moses Effiong, an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai bayan an yi masa zargi da ƙarya a juyin mulkin Mamman Vatsa na 1985 a lokacin mulkin Ibrahim Babangida .An tura shi kurkuku lokacin da Etim Effiong ke da shekara guda.Mahaifiyarsa ta mutu lokacin da yake dan shekara hudu a kan hanyarsa ta ziyarci mijinta a kurkuku.[1] An saki mahaifin Etim Effiong a 1993 kuma shugaban kasa Muhammadu Buhari ya ba shi cikakken gafarar shugaban kasa a 2020 .[2][3][4] Ya halarci makarantar St. Mary's Private School a [[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]], Jihar Legas, sannan ya biyo bayan Kwalejin Gwamnati, [[Ikorodu]], kuma a Jihar Legasa, don karatun sakandare.Ya sami digiri a fannin Injiniyan sunadarai a [[Minna]]" id="mwMw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Federal University of Technology, Minna">Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya da ke Minna, [[Neja|Jihar Nijar]] .Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci yana aiki a matsayin injiniya a masana'antar mai da iskar gas, ya ci gaba da karatun fim, rubutun allo da kuma ba da umarni a [[AFDA, Makaranta don Ƙarfafa Tattalin Arziki|Makarantar Fim ta AFDA]] a Afirka ta Kudu. == Ayyuka == === Shekaru na 2010 === Bayan ya bar aikinsa na mai da iskar gas, ya zama mai samar da abun ciki ga [[Ndani TV|NdaniTV]].<ref name="En">{{Cite web |date=February 27, 2020 |title=Bimbo Ademoye, Daniel Etim Effiong, Reminisce and other promising stars to watch out for |url=https://encomium.ng/7th-amvca-bimbo-ademoye-daniel-etim-effiong-reminisce-and-other-promising-stars-to-watch-out-for/ |access-date=October 23, 2020 |publisher=Encomium}}</ref> Farawa a farkon shekarun 2010, Etim Effiong ya ɗauki matsayi a cikin jerin yanar gizo da talabijin waɗanda suka haɗa da Goddammit It's Monday (2012), ''[[Gidi Up]]'' (2013), ''Mataimakin Madams'', Castle da Castle (2018) da The Men's Club (2018). A cikin 2017, ya ba da umarnin wasan kwaikwayo na minti biyar mai taken Prey wanda ke nuna [[Tope Tedela]] da Odenike Odetola.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 12, 2017 |title=He Directed…She Produced! WATCH Toyosi & Daniel Etim-Effiong's Short Film "Prey" on BN TV |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/12/directed-produced-watch-toyosi-daniel-etim-effiongs-short-film-prey-bn-tv/ |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> A cikin 2018, ya fara yin fim dinsa na farko a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na New Money .Nasarar da ya samu ta zo ne a shekara mai zuwa a fim din wasan kwaikwayo na Kenya, Shirin B, tare da [[Sarah Hassan]] da [[Catherine Kamau|Catherine Kamau Karanja]] kuma yana wasa da Shugaba na Najeriya na kamfanin Nairobi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2020 |title=Plan B |url=https://paukwa.or.ke/plan-b/ |access-date=October 23, 2020 |publisher=Paukwa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 15, 2019 |title=Plan B |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2019/02/plan-b.html |access-date=October 23, 2020 |publisher=Nollywood Reinvented}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 14, 2020 |title=7 Nigerian movies you can enjoy with bae in February |url=https://stories.showmax.com/7-nigerian-movies-you-can-enjoy-with-bae-in-february/ |access-date=October 23, 2020 |publisher=Showmax Stories}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 14, 2019 |title=#BNMovieFeature – Valentine's Day Special: WATCH Lowla Dee's "Plan B" starring Daniel Etim Effiong, Lenana Kariba, Sarah Hassan |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/02/bnmoviefeature-valentines-day-special-watch-lowla-dees-plan-b-starring-daniel-etim-effiong-lenana-kariba-sarah-hassan/ |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> Ya lashe kyautar Best Actor a Comedy a 7th [[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|AMVCA]] awards 2020 saboda rawar da ya taka.<ref name="En" /> === Shekaru na 2020 === A cikin 2020, ya fara zama darektan tare da Fish Bone, wani ɗan gajeren fim wanda ya magance batun yaudarar miyagun ƙwayoyi, kuma ya fito tare da [[Shafy Bello|Shaffy Bello]] da Moshood Fattah.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 1, 2020 |title=Editi Effiong's "Fishbone" Is Perfect for Movie Night {{!}} Watch on BN TV |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/05/fishbone-movie-editi-effiong/ |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> A wannan shekarar ya bayyana a cikin Storm, wani ɗan gajeren lokaci tare da Ike Onyema da Atteh 'SirDee' Daniel kuma Michael 'AMA Psalmist' Akinrogunde ne ya ba da umarni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 13, 2020 |title=Diane Russet's Short Film "Storm" Proves Love can be Found in the Most Unexpected Circumstances |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/07/diane-russet-short-film-storm/ |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> Har ila yau, a cikin 2020, an saki fim dinsa na farko, shirin Netflix Skin, wanda ya binciki batun launi a Najeriya.Ya ƙunshi [[Beverly Naya]] wanda kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okiche |first=Wilfred |date=July 8, 2020 |title=Film Review: The triumphs and layered questions of Daniel Etim Effiong's Skin |url=https://ynaija.com/film-review-the-moral-failures-of-daniel-etim-effiongs-skin/ |access-date=October 23, 2020 |website=YNaija}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwosu |first=IK |date=July 7, 2020 |title=Beverly Naya's "Skin" Has Helped Young Girls Reconsider Bleaching |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/07/beverly-naya-skin-documentary-exclusive-interview/ |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 10, 2020 |title=Beverly Naya's "Skin" Documentary Is Coming To Netflix Soon |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/06/beverly-naya-skin-documentary/ |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> A cikin 2021, ya fito a cikin Collision Course, fim din [[Bolanle Austen-Peters]] wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar [[End SARS|#EndSars]].A wannan shekarar, ya sake taka rawar da ya taka a karo na biyu na jerin wasan kwaikwayo na shari'a na Netflix, ''Castle da Castle.'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kan |first=Toni |date=2022-08-28 |title=Echoes of #Endsars as "Collision Course" wows towards Netflix premiere — Chris Iheuwa |url=https://thelagosreview.ng/echoes-of-endsars-as-collision-course-wows-towards-netflix-premiere-chris-iheuwa/ |access-date=2025-11-29 |website=The Lagos Review |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya sami lambar yabo ta Mafi kyawun Actor saboda rawar da ya taka a ''[[Kofa (fim 2022)|Kofa]]'' a bikin fina-finai na Afirka a 2022 kuma an zabi shi don Mafi kyawun A actor a 2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards .Ya kuma sami gabatarwa ga [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] don Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayin Jagora don Jolly Roger, wasan kwaikwayo na aikata laifuka na Netflix.Ya bayyana a cikin Blood Sisters, mai ban tsoro da kuma jerin shirye-shiryen Najeriya na farko na Netflix wanda ya kai saman 10 a cikin ƙasashe 30. ''Selina,'' wanda aka saki don YouTube, ya kasance sananne ne don kasancewa misali na farko na yiwuwar kudi na dandalin gudana ga masu shirya fina-finai na Nollywood.Fim din ya fito da Etim Effiong da Bimbo Ademoye a matsayin masoya biyu daga asali daban-daban.Masu sauraro sun karɓa sosai kuma ''Selina 2'' da ''Selina 3'' sun biyo baya a wannan shekarar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-12 |title=The 20 Greatest Romantic Nollywood Films of All Time - What Kept Me Up |url=https://whatkeptmeup.com/nollywood-movies/the-20-greatest-romantic-nollywood-films-of-all-time/ |access-date=2025-11-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2023, ya fito a fina-finai da yawa, ciki har da A Weekend To Forget, wanda ya yi aiki sosai a ofishin jakadancin Najeriya; <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Top-Grossing Films of 2023 & 2024 – BusinessDay Intelligence |url=https://businessdayintelligence.ng/the-top-grossing-films-of-2023-2024/ |access-date=2025-11-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> fim din [[Niyi Akinmolayan]] [[Mikolo (fim)|''Mikolo'']], fim din rayuwa da fim din fantasy na iyali; Different Strokes, wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na [[Biodun Stephen]]; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Different Strokes {{!}} Nollywood Reinvented |url=https://nollywoodreinvented.com/2024/03/different-strokes.html |access-date=2025-11-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> da ''Selina''<nowiki/>'s Wedding, kashi na huɗu na jerin fina-fukan Selina. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Selina's Wedding {{!}} Nollywood Reinvented |url=https://nollywoodreinvented.com/2023/10/selinas-wedding.html |access-date=2025-11-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kuma fito a cikin A Young Time Ago da Lily of the Valley, fitowar YouTube tare da [[Nancy Isime]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-08 |title="A Young Time Ago" Review: Subtle but Visible Misogyny Takes Front Row in the Tolu Lordtanner-Directed Drama - Afrocritik |url=https://afrocritik.com/a-young-time-ago-review-subtle-but-visible-misogyny-takes-front-row-in-the-tolu-lordtanner-directed-drama/ |access-date=2025-11-28 |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2024, ya fito a cikin ''[[Òlóturé|Olotūré]]'': The Journey, wani jerin shirye-shiryen Netflix da suka biyo bayan wasan kwaikwayo na Mo Abudu wanda ya samar da Òlòtûré (2019). A cikin 2025, ya ba da umarni kuma ya fito a cikin The Herd, wani labari mai ban tsoro wanda ya biyo bayan sace wani rukuni na mutane da 'yan bindiga da ke nuna kansu a matsayin makiyaya.An sake shi a cikin fina-finai a watan Oktoba, an fara shi a Netflix a ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba, ya kai lamba daya a kan jadawalin Najeriya na dandalin.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Dufe |first=Sahndra Fon |date=2025-11-24 |title=Daniel Etim Effiong's "The Herd" Arrives on No 1 on Netflix Nigeria - And the Conversation Has Already Begun |url=https://www.blackfilmwire.com/post/daniel-etim-effiong-s-the-herd-arrives-on-no-1-on-netflix-nigeria-and-the-conversation-has-alrea |access-date=2025-11-28 |website=Black Film Wire |language=en}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani !Ref |- |2020 |''Mataimakin Madams'' | |1 fitowar | |- |2019 |''Gidan sarauta da Gidan sarauniya'' |Mike Amenechi | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2018-08-01 |title=Will Remi be able to handle this Moral Dilemma? Watch episode 5 of Castle & Castle Exclusively on EbonylifeON |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/08/episode-5-castle-castle-only-ebonylifeon/ |access-date=2021-02-14 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2018– |''[[The Men's Club (Nigerian web series)|Kungiyar Maza]]'' |Lanre | |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2020-11-12 |title=Full biography of Nollywood actor Daniel Etim Effiong and other facts about him |url=https://dnbstories.com/2020/11/full-biography-of-nollywood-actor-daniel-etim-effiong.html |access-date=2021-02-14 |website=DNB Stories |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2013 |''[[Gidi Up]]'' |Folarin | |<ref name=":0" /> |- |2012 |''Goddammit Litinin ne'' |Mata |Abubuwa 2 | |- |2021 |''Castle &amp;amp; Castle'' |Mike Amenechi |Abubuwa 15 | |- |2022 |''[[Sisters Blood (2022 TV series)|<nowiki/>'Yan uwa mata na jini]]'' |Aikin |Abubuwa 4 | |- |2024 |''Oloture: Tafiyar'' |Tony |Abubuwa 3 | |} === Fim din === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; margin:auto; background:#fff;" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani !Ref |- | rowspan="2" |2025 |''[[The Herd (fim na 2025)|Garken]]'' | |Har ila yau darektan |<ref name=":2" /> |- |''[[Aso Ebi Diaries|Rubuce-rubucen Aso Ebi]]'' | |[[Biodun Stephen]] ne ya shirya | |- | rowspan="7" |2023 |''Barage'' |Matsakaicin |Emmanuel Akaemeh ne ya shirya | |- |''Bikin auren Selina'' |Ruuben |tare da Bimbo Ademoye, Oluwaseun Ayinde | |- |''Lokacin Ƙuruciya da ya gabata'' |Tsohon Tayo |tare da Sophie Alakija, Omobola Akinde | |- |''[[A Weekend To Forget (fim)|A karshen mako da za a manta da shi]]'' |Shima |Damola Ademola ne ya shirya | |- |''Lily na kwarin'' |Bily |tare da Nancy Isime, Olaye Benjamin | |- |''[[Mikolo (fim)|Mikolo]]'' |Maleek (mahaifin) |Niyi Akinmolayan ne ya shirya |<ref name="MilMstImpFilm_Med">{{Cite web |last=Titiloye |first=Ladipo |date=2023-08-24 |title=Why Niyi Akinmolayan's Mikolo is Nigeria's Most Important Film of the Year |url=https://ladipotitiloye.medium.com/why-niyi-akinmolayans-mikolo-is-nigeria-s-most-important-film-of-the-year-61591c4e2c9d |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref> |- |''Strokes daban-daban'' |Khalid |Tare da Lateef Adedimeji, Shaffy Bello | |- | rowspan="3" |2022 |''[[Kofa (fim 2022)|Kofa]]'' |Wale |Kyautar AFRIFF da kuma gabatarwa ta AMVCA |<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2022 |title=Jude Idada's 'Kofa' nabs 3 major awards at AFRIFF 2022 {{!}} Pulse Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/jude-idadas-kofa-nabs-3-major-awards-at-afriff-2022/nlhklnp |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=www.pulse.ng |language=en}}</ref> |- |''Selina'' |Ruuben |Tare da Bimbo Ademoye, Ivy Antiev | |- |''Mai farin ciki Roger'' |Ruwa |Nomin da aka samu a gasar cin kofin fim din Afirka | |- |2021 |''[[Still Falling|Har yanzu yana faɗuwa]]'' |Kyaftin Lagi |Tare da [[Sharon Ooja]] | |- | rowspan="3" |2020 |''Fata'' |Daraktan |Shirin da ke nuna [[Eku Edewor]] da [[Beverly Naya]] |<ref>{{Cite web |title=SKIN |url=https://www.urbanworld.org/2019/skin |access-date=2021-02-14 |website=Urbanworld |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |''Guguwa'' |Guguwa |Gajeren fim tare da [[Diane Russet]] | |- |''Kashi na Kifi'' |Sufeto |Takaitaccen fim tare da [[Shafy Bello]] da Moshood Fattah |<ref name="bellanaija.com">{{Cite web |last=Tv |first=Bn |date=2020-05-01 |title=Editi Effiong's "Fishbone" Is Perfect for Movie Night {{!}} Watch on BN TV |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/05/fishbone-movie-editi-effiong/ |access-date=2021-02-14 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2019 |''[[Òlóturé|Olotūré]]'' |Tony |Tare da Beverly Osu, Blossom Chukwujekwu, Ada Ameh |<ref>{{Cite web |last=nollywoodreinvented |date=2020-10-05 |title=Òlòtūré |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2020/10/oloture.html |access-date=2021-02-14 |website=Nollywood Reinvented |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |''[[Makate Must Sell|Dole ne a sayar da shi]]'' |Gbenro |Tare da Igwe 2pac, Toyin Ibrahim, Diipo Adeusi | |- |''[[Plan B (2019 fim)|Shirin B]]'' |Dele Coker |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |last=nollywoodreinvented |date=2019-02-15 |title=Plan B |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2019/02/plan-b.html |access-date=2021-02-14 |website=Nollywood Reinvented |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2018 |''[[New Money (fim na 2018)|Sabon Kudi]]'' |Ganiyu Osamede |Tare da Dakore Akande | |- |2017 |''Abin da aka fara ganinsa'' |Daraktan |Takaitaccen ɗan gajeren lokaci |<ref name="bellanaija.com" /> |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2022 |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayin Jagora |''Mai farin ciki Roger''|{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa Movie Academy Awards: Adjetey Anang wins, check out full list of winners – MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/africa-movie-academy-awards-adjetey-anang-wins-check-out-full-list-of-winners/ |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2022 |[[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fim na Duniya na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a cikin Drama, Movie ko TV Series | rowspan="2" |''Kofa''|{{Won}} |<ref name=":1" /> |- |2023 |[[2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a cikin Comedy Drama, Movie ko TV Series|{{Nom}} |<ref name="Lawal 2023">{{Cite web |last=Lawal |first=Khadijat |date=2023-05-21 |title=AMVCA 2023: Full List Of Winners |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2023/05/21/amvca-2023-full-list-of-winners/amp/ |access-date=2023-06-10 |website=Channels Television}}</ref> |} == Rayuwa ta mutum == Ainihin Eong ya auri Toyosi Etim-Effiong tun daga 4 ga Nuwamba 2017.Sun fara haduwa a watan Agustan 2016 yayin da suke aiki a kan aikin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 28, 2017 |title=WEDDINGSBN Celebrity Weddings: Toyosi Phillips & Daniel Etim Effiong's #3StrandCord #YorubaEfikMergerBellaNaija Weddings |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/11/toyosi-phillips-and-etim-effiongs-3strandcord-wedding/ |access-date=October 23, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> Ma'auratan sun yi maraba da ɗansu na farko, jariri, a watan Janairun 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 16, 2019 |title=Toyosi and Daniel Etim Effiong's baby girl is here and she is so cute! |url=https://www.informationnigeria.com/2019/01/toyosi-and-daniel-etim-effiongs-baby-girl-is-here-and-she-is-so-cute.html |access-date=October 22, 2020 |publisher=Information Nigeria}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jdr28qjw6hk4smukrrh72hnedfirzaa 975109 974796 2026-11-02T04:36:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975109 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daniel Etim Effiong''', kuma '''Daniel Etim-Effiong''' <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 30, 2020 |title=The Photos from Inside Mimi Onalaja's 30th Birthday Party That'll Make You Feel Like You Were There Too |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/09/mimi-onalaja-30th-birthday-party/ |access-date=October 23, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma darektan fim na Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2020 |title=Moët's "Night With The Stars" delivers All The Nollywood Inspiration You need with Daniel Etim Effiong, Kate Henshaw, Mawuli Gavor & Omotola Jalade Ekeinde |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/01/moet-interview-part-1/ |access-date=October 23, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == {{Databox}} An haifi Etim Effiong a Jaji a Jihar Kaduna, Najeriya .A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa ya zauna a Benin City, Jihar Edo; Jihar Legas; da Abuja .Mahaifinsa, tsohon Lieutenant Colonel Moses Effiong, an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai bayan an yi masa zargi da ƙarya a juyin mulkin Mamman Vatsa na 1985 a lokacin mulkin Ibrahim Babangida .An tura shi kurkuku lokacin da Etim Effiong ke da shekara guda.Mahaifiyarsa ta mutu lokacin da yake dan shekara hudu a kan hanyarsa ta ziyarci mijinta a kurkuku.[1] An saki mahaifin Etim Effiong a 1993 kuma shugaban kasa Muhammadu Buhari ya ba shi cikakken gafarar shugaban kasa a 2020 .[2][3][4] Ya halarci makarantar St. Mary's Private School a [[Tsibirin Lagos|Tsibirin Legas]], Jihar Legas, sannan ya biyo bayan Kwalejin Gwamnati, [[Ikorodu]], kuma a Jihar Legasa, don karatun sakandare.Ya sami digiri a fannin Injiniyan sunadarai a [[Minna]]" id="mwMw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Federal University of Technology, Minna">Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya da ke Minna, [[Neja|Jihar Nijar]] .Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci yana aiki a matsayin injiniya a masana'antar mai da iskar gas, ya ci gaba da karatun fim, rubutun allo da kuma ba da umarni a [[AFDA, Makaranta don Ƙarfafa Tattalin Arziki|Makarantar Fim ta AFDA]] a Afirka ta Kudu. == Ayyuka == === Shekaru na 2010 === Bayan ya bar aikinsa na mai da iskar gas, ya zama mai samar da abun ciki ga [[Ndani TV|NdaniTV]].<ref name="En">{{Cite web |date=February 27, 2020 |title=Bimbo Ademoye, Daniel Etim Effiong, Reminisce and other promising stars to watch out for |url=https://encomium.ng/7th-amvca-bimbo-ademoye-daniel-etim-effiong-reminisce-and-other-promising-stars-to-watch-out-for/ |access-date=October 23, 2020 |publisher=Encomium}}</ref> Farawa a farkon shekarun 2010, Etim Effiong ya ɗauki matsayi a cikin jerin yanar gizo da talabijin waɗanda suka haɗa da Goddammit It's Monday (2012), ''[[Gidi Up]]'' (2013), ''Mataimakin Madams'', Castle da Castle (2018) da The Men's Club (2018). A cikin 2017, ya ba da umarnin wasan kwaikwayo na minti biyar mai taken Prey wanda ke nuna [[Tope Tedela]] da Odenike Odetola.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 12, 2017 |title=He Directed…She Produced! WATCH Toyosi & Daniel Etim-Effiong's Short Film "Prey" on BN TV |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/12/directed-produced-watch-toyosi-daniel-etim-effiongs-short-film-prey-bn-tv/ |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> A cikin 2018, ya fara yin fim dinsa na farko a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na New Money .Nasarar da ya samu ta zo ne a shekara mai zuwa a fim din wasan kwaikwayo na Kenya, Shirin B, tare da [[Sarah Hassan]] da [[Catherine Kamau|Catherine Kamau Karanja]] kuma yana wasa da Shugaba na Najeriya na kamfanin Nairobi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2020 |title=Plan B |url=https://paukwa.or.ke/plan-b/ |access-date=October 23, 2020 |publisher=Paukwa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 15, 2019 |title=Plan B |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2019/02/plan-b.html |access-date=October 23, 2020 |publisher=Nollywood Reinvented}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 14, 2020 |title=7 Nigerian movies you can enjoy with bae in February |url=https://stories.showmax.com/7-nigerian-movies-you-can-enjoy-with-bae-in-february/ |access-date=October 23, 2020 |publisher=Showmax Stories |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226102826/https://stories.showmax.com/7-nigerian-movies-you-can-enjoy-with-bae-in-february/ |archive-date=February 26, 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 14, 2019 |title=#BNMovieFeature – Valentine's Day Special: WATCH Lowla Dee's "Plan B" starring Daniel Etim Effiong, Lenana Kariba, Sarah Hassan |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/02/bnmoviefeature-valentines-day-special-watch-lowla-dees-plan-b-starring-daniel-etim-effiong-lenana-kariba-sarah-hassan/ |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> Ya lashe kyautar Best Actor a Comedy a 7th [[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|AMVCA]] awards 2020 saboda rawar da ya taka.<ref name="En" /> === Shekaru na 2020 === A cikin 2020, ya fara zama darektan tare da Fish Bone, wani ɗan gajeren fim wanda ya magance batun yaudarar miyagun ƙwayoyi, kuma ya fito tare da [[Shafy Bello|Shaffy Bello]] da Moshood Fattah.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 1, 2020 |title=Editi Effiong's "Fishbone" Is Perfect for Movie Night {{!}} Watch on BN TV |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/05/fishbone-movie-editi-effiong/ |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> A wannan shekarar ya bayyana a cikin Storm, wani ɗan gajeren lokaci tare da Ike Onyema da Atteh 'SirDee' Daniel kuma Michael 'AMA Psalmist' Akinrogunde ne ya ba da umarni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 13, 2020 |title=Diane Russet's Short Film "Storm" Proves Love can be Found in the Most Unexpected Circumstances |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/07/diane-russet-short-film-storm/ |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> Har ila yau, a cikin 2020, an saki fim dinsa na farko, shirin Netflix Skin, wanda ya binciki batun launi a Najeriya.Ya ƙunshi [[Beverly Naya]] wanda kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin furodusa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okiche |first=Wilfred |date=July 8, 2020 |title=Film Review: The triumphs and layered questions of Daniel Etim Effiong's Skin |url=https://ynaija.com/film-review-the-moral-failures-of-daniel-etim-effiongs-skin/ |access-date=October 23, 2020 |website=YNaija}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwosu |first=IK |date=July 7, 2020 |title=Beverly Naya's "Skin" Has Helped Young Girls Reconsider Bleaching |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/07/beverly-naya-skin-documentary-exclusive-interview/ |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=June 10, 2020 |title=Beverly Naya's "Skin" Documentary Is Coming To Netflix Soon |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/06/beverly-naya-skin-documentary/ |access-date=October 24, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> A cikin 2021, ya fito a cikin Collision Course, fim din [[Bolanle Austen-Peters]] wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar [[End SARS|#EndSars]].A wannan shekarar, ya sake taka rawar da ya taka a karo na biyu na jerin wasan kwaikwayo na shari'a na Netflix, ''Castle da Castle.'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kan |first=Toni |date=2022-08-28 |title=Echoes of #Endsars as "Collision Course" wows towards Netflix premiere — Chris Iheuwa |url=https://thelagosreview.ng/echoes-of-endsars-as-collision-course-wows-towards-netflix-premiere-chris-iheuwa/ |access-date=2025-11-29 |website=The Lagos Review |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya sami lambar yabo ta Mafi kyawun Actor saboda rawar da ya taka a ''[[Kofa (fim 2022)|Kofa]]'' a bikin fina-finai na Afirka a 2022 kuma an zabi shi don Mafi kyawun A actor a 2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards .Ya kuma sami gabatarwa ga [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] don Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayin Jagora don Jolly Roger, wasan kwaikwayo na aikata laifuka na Netflix.Ya bayyana a cikin Blood Sisters, mai ban tsoro da kuma jerin shirye-shiryen Najeriya na farko na Netflix wanda ya kai saman 10 a cikin ƙasashe 30. ''Selina,'' wanda aka saki don YouTube, ya kasance sananne ne don kasancewa misali na farko na yiwuwar kudi na dandalin gudana ga masu shirya fina-finai na Nollywood.Fim din ya fito da Etim Effiong da Bimbo Ademoye a matsayin masoya biyu daga asali daban-daban.Masu sauraro sun karɓa sosai kuma ''Selina 2'' da ''Selina 3'' sun biyo baya a wannan shekarar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-12 |title=The 20 Greatest Romantic Nollywood Films of All Time - What Kept Me Up |url=https://whatkeptmeup.com/nollywood-movies/the-20-greatest-romantic-nollywood-films-of-all-time/ |access-date=2025-11-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2023, ya fito a fina-finai da yawa, ciki har da A Weekend To Forget, wanda ya yi aiki sosai a ofishin jakadancin Najeriya; <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Top-Grossing Films of 2023 & 2024 – BusinessDay Intelligence |url=https://businessdayintelligence.ng/the-top-grossing-films-of-2023-2024/ |access-date=2025-11-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> fim din [[Niyi Akinmolayan]] [[Mikolo (fim)|''Mikolo'']], fim din rayuwa da fim din fantasy na iyali; Different Strokes, wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na [[Biodun Stephen]]; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Different Strokes {{!}} Nollywood Reinvented |url=https://nollywoodreinvented.com/2024/03/different-strokes.html |access-date=2025-11-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> da ''Selina''<nowiki/>'s Wedding, kashi na huɗu na jerin fina-fukan Selina. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Selina's Wedding {{!}} Nollywood Reinvented |url=https://nollywoodreinvented.com/2023/10/selinas-wedding.html |access-date=2025-11-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kuma fito a cikin A Young Time Ago da Lily of the Valley, fitowar YouTube tare da [[Nancy Isime]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-08 |title="A Young Time Ago" Review: Subtle but Visible Misogyny Takes Front Row in the Tolu Lordtanner-Directed Drama - Afrocritik |url=https://afrocritik.com/a-young-time-ago-review-subtle-but-visible-misogyny-takes-front-row-in-the-tolu-lordtanner-directed-drama/ |access-date=2025-11-28 |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2024, ya fito a cikin ''[[Òlóturé|Olotūré]]'': The Journey, wani jerin shirye-shiryen Netflix da suka biyo bayan wasan kwaikwayo na Mo Abudu wanda ya samar da Òlòtûré (2019). A cikin 2025, ya ba da umarni kuma ya fito a cikin The Herd, wani labari mai ban tsoro wanda ya biyo bayan sace wani rukuni na mutane da 'yan bindiga da ke nuna kansu a matsayin makiyaya.An sake shi a cikin fina-finai a watan Oktoba, an fara shi a Netflix a ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba, ya kai lamba daya a kan jadawalin Najeriya na dandalin.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Dufe |first=Sahndra Fon |date=2025-11-24 |title=Daniel Etim Effiong's "The Herd" Arrives on No 1 on Netflix Nigeria - And the Conversation Has Already Begun |url=https://www.blackfilmwire.com/post/daniel-etim-effiong-s-the-herd-arrives-on-no-1-on-netflix-nigeria-and-the-conversation-has-alrea |access-date=2025-11-28 |website=Black Film Wire |language=en}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani !Ref |- |2020 |''Mataimakin Madams'' | |1 fitowar | |- |2019 |''Gidan sarauta da Gidan sarauniya'' |Mike Amenechi | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2018-08-01 |title=Will Remi be able to handle this Moral Dilemma? Watch episode 5 of Castle & Castle Exclusively on EbonylifeON |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/08/episode-5-castle-castle-only-ebonylifeon/ |access-date=2021-02-14 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2018– |''[[The Men's Club (Nigerian web series)|Kungiyar Maza]]'' |Lanre | |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2020-11-12 |title=Full biography of Nollywood actor Daniel Etim Effiong and other facts about him |url=https://dnbstories.com/2020/11/full-biography-of-nollywood-actor-daniel-etim-effiong.html |access-date=2021-02-14 |website=DNB Stories |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2013 |''[[Gidi Up]]'' |Folarin | |<ref name=":0" /> |- |2012 |''Goddammit Litinin ne'' |Mata |Abubuwa 2 | |- |2021 |''Castle &amp;amp; Castle'' |Mike Amenechi |Abubuwa 15 | |- |2022 |''[[Sisters Blood (2022 TV series)|<nowiki/>'Yan uwa mata na jini]]'' |Aikin |Abubuwa 4 | |- |2024 |''Oloture: Tafiyar'' |Tony |Abubuwa 3 | |} === Fim din === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; margin:auto; background:#fff;" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani !Ref |- | rowspan="2" |2025 |''[[The Herd (fim na 2025)|Garken]]'' | |Har ila yau darektan |<ref name=":2" /> |- |''[[Aso Ebi Diaries|Rubuce-rubucen Aso Ebi]]'' | |[[Biodun Stephen]] ne ya shirya | |- | rowspan="7" |2023 |''Barage'' |Matsakaicin |Emmanuel Akaemeh ne ya shirya | |- |''Bikin auren Selina'' |Ruuben |tare da Bimbo Ademoye, Oluwaseun Ayinde | |- |''Lokacin Ƙuruciya da ya gabata'' |Tsohon Tayo |tare da Sophie Alakija, Omobola Akinde | |- |''[[A Weekend To Forget (fim)|A karshen mako da za a manta da shi]]'' |Shima |Damola Ademola ne ya shirya | |- |''Lily na kwarin'' |Bily |tare da Nancy Isime, Olaye Benjamin | |- |''[[Mikolo (fim)|Mikolo]]'' |Maleek (mahaifin) |Niyi Akinmolayan ne ya shirya |<ref name="MilMstImpFilm_Med">{{Cite web |last=Titiloye |first=Ladipo |date=2023-08-24 |title=Why Niyi Akinmolayan's Mikolo is Nigeria's Most Important Film of the Year |url=https://ladipotitiloye.medium.com/why-niyi-akinmolayans-mikolo-is-nigeria-s-most-important-film-of-the-year-61591c4e2c9d |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref> |- |''Strokes daban-daban'' |Khalid |Tare da Lateef Adedimeji, Shaffy Bello | |- | rowspan="3" |2022 |''[[Kofa (fim 2022)|Kofa]]'' |Wale |Kyautar AFRIFF da kuma gabatarwa ta AMVCA |<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2022 |title=Jude Idada's 'Kofa' nabs 3 major awards at AFRIFF 2022 {{!}} Pulse Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/jude-idadas-kofa-nabs-3-major-awards-at-afriff-2022/nlhklnp |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=www.pulse.ng |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116104953/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/jude-idadas-kofa-nabs-3-major-awards-at-afriff-2022/nlhklnp |archive-date=2022-11-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''Selina'' |Ruuben |Tare da Bimbo Ademoye, Ivy Antiev | |- |''Mai farin ciki Roger'' |Ruwa |Nomin da aka samu a gasar cin kofin fim din Afirka | |- |2021 |''[[Still Falling|Har yanzu yana faɗuwa]]'' |Kyaftin Lagi |Tare da [[Sharon Ooja]] | |- | rowspan="3" |2020 |''Fata'' |Daraktan |Shirin da ke nuna [[Eku Edewor]] da [[Beverly Naya]] |<ref>{{Cite web |title=SKIN |url=https://www.urbanworld.org/2019/skin |access-date=2021-02-14 |website=Urbanworld |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |''Guguwa'' |Guguwa |Gajeren fim tare da [[Diane Russet]] | |- |''Kashi na Kifi'' |Sufeto |Takaitaccen fim tare da [[Shafy Bello]] da Moshood Fattah |<ref name="bellanaija.com">{{Cite web |last=Tv |first=Bn |date=2020-05-01 |title=Editi Effiong's "Fishbone" Is Perfect for Movie Night {{!}} Watch on BN TV |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/05/fishbone-movie-editi-effiong/ |access-date=2021-02-14 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2019 |''[[Òlóturé|Olotūré]]'' |Tony |Tare da Beverly Osu, Blossom Chukwujekwu, Ada Ameh |<ref>{{Cite web |last=nollywoodreinvented |date=2020-10-05 |title=Òlòtūré |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2020/10/oloture.html |access-date=2021-02-14 |website=Nollywood Reinvented |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |''[[Makate Must Sell|Dole ne a sayar da shi]]'' |Gbenro |Tare da Igwe 2pac, Toyin Ibrahim, Diipo Adeusi | |- |''[[Plan B (2019 fim)|Shirin B]]'' |Dele Coker |Matsayin jagora |<ref>{{Cite web |last=nollywoodreinvented |date=2019-02-15 |title=Plan B |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2019/02/plan-b.html |access-date=2021-02-14 |website=Nollywood Reinvented |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2018 |''[[New Money (fim na 2018)|Sabon Kudi]]'' |Ganiyu Osamede |Tare da Dakore Akande | |- |2017 |''Abin da aka fara ganinsa'' |Daraktan |Takaitaccen ɗan gajeren lokaci |<ref name="bellanaija.com" /> |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2022 |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayin Jagora |''Mai farin ciki Roger''|{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa Movie Academy Awards: Adjetey Anang wins, check out full list of winners – MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/africa-movie-academy-awards-adjetey-anang-wins-check-out-full-list-of-winners/ |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2022 |[[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fim na Duniya na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a cikin Drama, Movie ko TV Series | rowspan="2" |''Kofa''|{{Won}} |<ref name=":1" /> |- |2023 |[[2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a cikin Comedy Drama, Movie ko TV Series|{{Nom}} |<ref name="Lawal 2023">{{Cite web |last=Lawal |first=Khadijat |date=2023-05-21 |title=AMVCA 2023: Full List Of Winners |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2023/05/21/amvca-2023-full-list-of-winners/amp/ |access-date=2023-06-10 |website=Channels Television |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601123410/https://www.channelstv.com/2023/05/21/amvca-2023-full-list-of-winners/amp/ |archive-date=2023-06-01 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |} == Rayuwa ta mutum == Ainihin Eong ya auri Toyosi Etim-Effiong tun daga 4 ga Nuwamba 2017.Sun fara haduwa a watan Agustan 2016 yayin da suke aiki a kan aikin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 28, 2017 |title=WEDDINGSBN Celebrity Weddings: Toyosi Phillips & Daniel Etim Effiong's #3StrandCord #YorubaEfikMergerBellaNaija Weddings |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/11/toyosi-phillips-and-etim-effiongs-3strandcord-wedding/ |access-date=October 23, 2020 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> Ma'auratan sun yi maraba da ɗansu na farko, jariri, a watan Janairun 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 16, 2019 |title=Toyosi and Daniel Etim Effiong's baby girl is here and she is so cute! |url=https://www.informationnigeria.com/2019/01/toyosi-and-daniel-etim-effiongs-baby-girl-is-here-and-she-is-so-cute.html |access-date=October 22, 2020 |publisher=Information Nigeria}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 97ehfr3emsrht4zyg4kwa5qoaqkgnch 0 63537 974808 452625 2026-11-01T14:51:55Z Nura Bello 24854 974808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Cibiyar SETI ta ambaci abin da ya kama idanunsu kuma ya sa su yi bincike da kansu:a"Ko da mafi ban sha'awa,lokacin tsomawa yanzu(a cikin haske)yana nuna cewa duk abin da wannan abu yake,yana tsaye a daidai nisa daga tauraro.zama a cikin 'yankin zama,'inda muka yi imani rayuwa kamar tamu za ta iya ci gaba kamar yadda take a duniya." Kasancewar ta shak'u kamar Boyajian,ta d'auki matakin SETI,ta kyale kanta ta yi 'yar nishad'i a cikin tunanin ko wane irin haske ne zai kasance.A cikin Ted Talk ta yi dariya:{{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] ita wannnan cibiya ta maida hankali ne, kq8knhwpq6eaor9yg5r96n80ivwq68l 0 65375 974795 909213 2026-11-01T13:38:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Borna Nyaoke''' Likita ce ta ƙasar Kenya kuma mai bincike na asibiti, wacce ta karɓi muƙamin Shugaban Bincike na Mycetoma a cikin shekarar 2023 daga matsayinta na baya a matsayin Manajar gwaji na Clinical a Magunguna da Cututtukan da ba a kula da su ba a Cibiyar Bincike da Ci gaban Kwayoyin cuta ta Duniya (DNDi/GARDP).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Borna Nyaoke {{!}} DNDi |url=https://dndi.org/our-people/borna-nyaoke/ |access-date=2023-09-01 |website=dndi.org |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="von Delft">{{cite news |last1=von Delft |first1=Annette |last2=Mowbray |first2=Charles |last3=Nyaoke |first3=Borna |title=The Moonshot: Crowdsourcing To Develop The First Open-Source, Generic COVID-19 Antiviral Pill - Health Policy Watch |url=https://healthpolicy-watch.news/the-moonshot/ |access-date=17 January 2022 |work=Health Policy Watch |date=24 December 2021}}</ref> A baya ta yi aiki a matsayin Manajar gwaji na Clinical a Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta KAVI (Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative) Cibiyar Binciken Clinical, wacce ke Jami'ar Nairobi.<ref name="1R">{{cite web| url=https://www.southcentre.int/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ReAct-Africa-Annual-Conference-2019-Final-Program.pdf |title=ReAct Africa and South Centre Conference 2019: Borna Nyaoke Biography |publisher=Southcentre.int |date=25 July 2019 |author=South Centre |access-date=28 June 2020 |location=Geneva, Switzerland}}</ref><ref name="2R">{{cite web |author= |date=2017 |title=Top 40 Women Under 40 in Kenya |url=http://host.nationmedia.com/Top40Under40-2017.pdf |access-date=28 June 2020 |website=Business Daily Africa |publisher= |location= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111152014/http://host.nationmedia.com/Top40Under40-2017.pdf |archive-date=11 November 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Nyaoke, ƙwararriya ce kan lafiyar jama'a, tare da Dr. Roselyne Okello, likita a fannin radiologist, Dokta Nida Okumu, kwararre kan cututtuka da Dr. Achieng Aling, likitan mata da mata, sun kafa ''Hema Foundation'', wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta Nairobi. a shekarar 2015. Dukkaninsu huɗu abokan karatunsu ne a makarantar likitanci a Nairobi. Hema tana mai da hankali kan 'yan mata na cikin birni masu shekaru 17 da ƙanana, bincikar cututtuka, magance cututtuka, ƙarfafa makaranta da zaɓin batun ''STEM''; da kuma bada jagoranci, kulawa da nasiha.<ref name="3R">{{cite web |date=2020 |title=Meet the Founders of Hema Foundation |url=http://inourhands.org.ng/2018/09/19/meet-the-founders-of-hema-foundation/ |publisher=In Our Hands Organization Nigeria |author=In Our Hands Organization |access-date=28 June 2020 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217121154/http://inourhands.org.ng/2018/09/19/meet-the-founders-of-hema-foundation/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Borna Nyaoke (1987) a [[Kenya]] kuma ta halarci makarantun Kenya don karatunta na firamare da sakandare. An shigar da ita Jami'ar Nairobi, inda ta karanta likitancin ɗan adam, inda ta kammala karatun digiri da digiri na likitanci da digiri na farko (MBChB). Ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Liverpool, tare da Jagoran Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a (MPH), ƙwararriya ce a cikin kula da tsarin kiwon lafiya. Har ila yau, ta halarci Shirin Koyarwar Nazarin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Harvard.<ref name="2R"/> Bayan kammala karatun digiri na farko, Borna Nyaoke ta yi aiki a asibitin Kenyatta na ƙasa, sannan ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin jami'ar lafiya a asibitin Nairobi. Tun a watan Fabrairu 2018, ta yi aiki a DNDi / GARDP, a matsayin mai sarrafa gwaji na asibiti. Har ila yau, mai tasiri ga Janairu 2015, tana aiki a matsayin babbar darekta na Health and Wellness Solutions Limited, aikin kiwon lafiya mai zaman kansa, yana ba da mafita na lafiyar mutum da na kamfanoni ga abokan cinikinsa. Tun daga watan Yuni 2020, ta buga sakamakon bincikenta a cikin wallafe-wallafen da aka yi bita, gami da waɗanda aka jera a cikin wannan batun.<ref name="4R">{{cite web|title=Medical Publications By Borna Nyaoke |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Borna_Nyaoke |date=June 2020 |access-date=28 June 2020 |author=Researchgate}}</ref> Nyaoke ta bayar da hujjar cewa 'yan Kenya sun daɗe suna rayuwa, kafin su fara cin abinci da aka sarrafa sosai da kuma ci gaba da rayuwa. Ta hanyar haɓaka, haɓakar cututtukan da ba su yaɗuwa a cikin al'umma yana da alaƙa da abinci da aikin jiki da/ko matakan rashin aiki na wannan al'umma.<ref name="5R">{{cite web|title=Njonjo, Moi, Moody: Why These Wazee Are Still Up And Running |publisher=Diaspora Messenger | url=https://diasporamessenger.com/2019/04/njonjo-moi-moody-wazee/ |date=24 May 2020 |author=Eric Nyakagwa and Cheptoek Boyo | access-date=28 June 2020 |format=Also appeared in Sde.co.ke | location=Nairobi}}</ref> == Kyauta == * 2017 : Kungiyar Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai ta Ƙasa Bayyana sunan "Manyan Mata 40 'yan ƙasa da shekara 40 a Kenya.<ref name="2R"/> == Duba kuma == * Elizabeth Itatia * Esperance Luvindao * Shitsama Nyamweya * Stellah Wairimu Bosire-Otieno == Manazarta == [[Category:Haihuwan 1987]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] a38a7sbvyybk31lx5yxsgl1rhc0grns 0 65461 974991 368512 2026-11-01T19:42:50Z CommonsDelinker 75 Removing [[:c:File:Baghdad_Convention_Center.jpg|Baghdad_Convention_Center.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:IronGargoyle|IronGargoyle]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Files in Category:Baghdad Convention Center|]]. 974991 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Katri (Kaija) Anna-Maija Helena Siren''' (née Tuominen; ashirin da uku ga watan Oktoba 23, shekara 1920 cikin Kotka &#x2013; zuwa sha biyar ga watan Janairu 15,shekara 2001) ta kasance mai zanen Finnish . Ta kammala karatu a matsayin mai gine-gine daga Jami'ar Fasaha ta Helsinki cikin shekara 1948. Siren ta tsara yawancin ayyukanta tare da matar ta zuwa wani masanin Finnish, Heikki Siren. Ita da mijinta Heikki Siren sun kafa nasu ofishin gine-gine cikin shekara 1949. Sirens sun yi aiki tare a matsayinsu na masu gine-ginen a rayuwarsu gaba ɗaya. Otaniemi Chapel an lura da shi don ƙayyadaddun ma'auni tsakanin fasalulluka na gine-ginen karkara na Finnish da zamani, wanda Alvar Aalto na jan bulo na shekarun 1950 ya rinjayi. An lura da aikinsu na baya don abin tunawa. An binne ta cikin a makabartar Hietaniemi da ke Helsinki. == Manyan ayyuka == * 1954 Finnish National Theatre Small Stage, [[Helsinki]], Finland * Shekara 1956 Otaniemi Chapel, Espoo, Finland * Shekara 1961 Cocin Orivesi, Orivesi, Finland * Shekara1965 Ofishin Municipal Kallio, Helsinki, Finland * Shekara1968 Ympyrätalo, Helsinki, Finland * Shekara1970 Makarantar Lauttasaari, Helsinki, Finland * Shekara1973 Brucknerhaus, [[Linz]], Austria * Shekara1982 Graniititalo, Helsinki, Finland * Shekara1983 Fadar Taro a [[Bagdaza|Baghdad]], [[Iraƙi|Iraki]] == Gallery na zaɓaɓɓun manyan ayyuka == <gallery class="center" widths="160px" heights="130px"> File:Pieni_nayttamo.jpg|alt=National Theatre extension, Helsinki (1954)|National Theatre tsawo, Helsinki (1954) File:Otaniemen_kappeli_ulkoa.jpg|alt=Otaniemi Chapel exterior, Espoo (1956)|Otaniemi Chapel na waje, Espoo (1956) File:Otaniemen_kappeli_sisa.jpg|alt=Otaniemi Chapel interior, Espoo (1954–57)|Otaniemi Chapel ciki, Espoo (1954–57) File:Orivesi_Kirche.jpg|alt=Orivesi Church, Orivesi (1961)|Cocin Orivesi, Orivesi (1961) File:Kallion_virastotalo.jpg|alt=Kallio Municipal Offices, Helsinki (1965)|Municipal Kallio, Helsinki (1965) File:Ympyrätalo.jpg|Ympyrätalo, Helsinki (1968) File:LauttasaarenYK1.jpg|alt=Lauttasaari School, Helsinki (1970)|Makarantar Lauttasari, Helsinki (1970) File:Graniittitalo,_Helsinki2.JPG|alt=Graniittitalo, Helsinki (1982)|Granittitalo, Helsinki (1982) </gallery> ==Magana== * Bruun, Erik & Popovits, Sara (eds.): ''Kaija + Heikki Siren: Architects - Architekten - Architectes'' . Otava: Helsinki, 1977. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/951-1-04156-8|951-1-04156-8]] == Bayanan kula == {{Reflist}} [[category:Mutuwan 2001]] e835nnnzyxysv0bk8gcf7qvj3ym2ikk 0 65642 974888 848766 2026-11-01T16:13:39Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Middle Belt''' (wanda kuma ake kira '''Middle-belt''' ) ko '''Tsakiyar Najeriya''' kalma ce da ake amfani da ita a cikin yanayin yanayin ɗan adam don ayyana yankin bel ɗin da ya shimfiɗa a tsakiyar [[Najeriya]] tsawon tsayi kuma ya samar da yankin miƙa mulki tsakanin [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin]] Najeriya da [[Yankin Kudancin Najeriya|Kudancin]] Najeriya.<ref>E-Government Portal". services.gov.ng. Retrieved 14 November 2025.</ref><ref>"National Library of Nigeria (NLN) - Index". nln.gov.ng. Retrieved 14 November 2025.</ref><ref>Okorie, Patricia N.; Ademowo, George O.; Saka, Yisa; Davies, Emmanuel; Okoronkwo, Chukwu; Bockarie, Moses J.; Molyneux, David H.; Kelly-Hope, Louise A. (2013). "Lymphatic filariasis in Nigeria; micro-stratification overlap mapping (MOM) as a prerequisite for cost-effective resource utilization in control and surveillance". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 7 (9) e2416. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002416. ISSN 1935-2735. PMC 3764235. <nowiki>PMID 24040432</nowiki>.</ref><ref>"Ministry of Regional Development". Retrieved 14 November 2025</ref><ref>"General remarks". European Union Agency for Asylum. Retrieved 14 November 2025.</ref><ref>"Structure of the Commission". National Boundary Commission. Retrieved 14 November 2025.</ref> Ya ƙunshi rabin kudancin rusasshiyar [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|yankin Arewacin]] Najeriya,<ref>Johnson, Patrick (1978). Operation World: A day-to-day guide to praying for the world (4th ed.). OM Publishing and WEC Publications. pp. 327–328. <nowiki>ISBN 1-85078-007-2</nowiki>.</ref> yanzu ya ƙunshi galibin [[Arewa ta Tsakiya (Najeriya)|Arewa ta Tsakiya]] da sassan yankin [[Arewa ta Gabas (Najeriya)|Arewa maso Gabas]] da [[Arewa ta Yamma (Najeriya)|Arewa maso Yamma]], kuma ana siffanta shi da rashin cikakken ƙabila mafi rinjaye. Sannan kuma shine wurin da [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|babban birnin tarayyar]] Najeriya yake.<ref>Akinferon, Dapo; Kumolu, Charles (9 December 2011). "We're not northerners- Middle-Belt youths". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 3 August 2023.</ref><ref>"Nigeria: Rising Toll of Middle-Belt Violence". 28 June 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2020.</ref><ref>Akinferon, Dapo; Kumolu, Charles (9 December 2011). "We're not northerners- Middle-Belt youths". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 3 August 2023.</ref><ref>Higazi, Adam (January 2011). "The Jos Crisis: A Recurrent Nigerian Tragedy" (PDF). Working Paper (2). Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung: 3–6. Retrieved 19 October 2015.</ref><ref>Nigeria's Farmers and Herders Fight a Deadly Battle for Scarce Resources". 25 June 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2018.</ref> Shahararrun kungiyoyin tsiraru, zuwa wani mataki, ya zama katangar ƙabilanci a cikin ƙasar, kuma ya janyo rabuwar kai tsakanin manyan [[Musulmi|Musulmin]] Arewa da [[Kirista|Kiristan]] Kudu.<ref>Kperogi, Farooq A. "Why Nigeria's Northcentral States Can't be Renamed "Middle Belt"". Notes From Atlanta. Retrieved 12 November 2025.</ref> Yankin shine haɗin kai na waɗannan yankuna na al'adu kuma yana riƙe da ɗimbin bambance-bambancen kabilanci. Harsunan Afro-Asiatic, Nilo-Saharan, da [[Harsunan Nijar-Congo|Nijar – Kongo]] duk ana magana da su, waɗanda uku ne daga cikin manyan harsunan Afirka . A cikin 1920s, Melzian (1928:496) ya bayyana shi a matsayin "Yankin Tsakiya". <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=495–496}}</ref><ref>Blench, Roger (2020). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages (PDF). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref><ref>Blench, Roger. 2019. Old data and new technologies: the seamless integration of linguistics, literacy and translation for Nigerian minority languages. Jos Linguistic Circle, Jos, 13th March, 2019.</ref><ref>Blench, Roger (31 December 2020). "Research on the Plateau languages of Central Nigeria". Afrika und Übersee. 93. Hamburg University Press: 3–44.</ref> [[File:Some_nations_of_the_Middle_Belt_of_Nigeria.jpg|thumb| Wasu kasashen yankin tsakiyar Najeriya]] Wasu malaman suna jayayya cewa maimakon ma’anar ƙasa mai sauƙi, Middle Belt tana wakiltar haɗin addini da al'adu na waɗanda ba Kiristocin Hausa ba.<ref>Barnes, Andrew E. (2007). "The Middle Belt Movement and the Formation of Christian Consciousness in Colonial Northern Nigeria". Church History. 76 (3): 591–610. doi:10.1017/S0009640700500596. ISSN 0009-6407. JSTOR 27645035.</ref> == Dubawa == Game da abin da Middle-Belt ya ƙunsa, manyan mambobi uku na gwagwarmayar Middle-Beltern suna da wannan magana kamar yadda aka gabatar a cikin mujallar pan-Middle-Beltern, New Vision a cikin Disamba, 2000: {{Blockquote|"Tsakiyar Najeriya, kuma tana mu'amala da Arewa da Kudu masu yawan al'ummar Arewa da Kudancin ƙasar nan, Tsakiyar Najeriya a kodayaushe tana kan matsayi mafi kyau wajen fassara Arewa zuwa ga Arewa. Kudu, da Kudu zuwa Arewa... Abin da kungiyar Middle-Belt ke nema, shi ne ci gaban da ta kasance a baya, an yi magana da shi a matsayin shiyyar Arewa ta Tsakiya don tantance kansa a matsayin yankin Middle-Belt, da fadada fa'idar da ba na yau da kullun ba. Har wala yau yana tabbatar da dandali na hadin kan kasarmu, ta yadda jiga-jigan kasarmu a Tsakiyar Tsakiya su kasance cikin ruhin hadin kan kasa, kamar yadda jama'a masu zaman kansu suka nuna a tsawon shekaru.."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Seri |first=Fidelis |date=2000 |title=MIDDLE-BELT: AN AGENDA FOR THE 21ST CENTURY |journal=New Vision |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages= 10–11 }}</ref>}} Shahararren dan jaridar nan, Cif Bayo Joseph, mai ba da shawara kan harkokin yada labarai kuma shugaban hukumar Editorial na New Vision, a nasa bangaren ya ce: {{Blockquote|"Tun lokacin da aka haɗu da 1914, mutanen Middle-Belt suna tsare a ƙarƙashin yanayi na wulakanta su, ana ɗaukar su a matsayin ɗan ƙasa na uku, ba a kula da al'adunsu da al'adarsu ba, yayin da waɗanda ake kira masters ɗin su ke cikin wadata suna jin daɗin mafi kyau. na duk wani abu da zai cutar da Middle-Belter... Don haka, wadannan mutane daga Middle-Belt suna da hakkin su daina tarayya da wadanda suke bautar da su kuma suka rike makomarsu a hannunsu.."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Joseph |first=Bayo |date=2000 |title=THOUGHTS OF A VETERAN |journal=New Vision |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages= 7–9 }}</ref>}} A wata faɗar, Onesimus Enesi ya ƙara da cewa: {{Blockquote|"Mutanen Middle-Belt ba Arewa suke ba, don haka ba za su iya zama ’yan Arewa ba...Tun da Allah Ya yarda ya bambanta al’ummar da ya halitta tare da rarrabuwar kawuna, kabilanci, kabilanci, kabilanci da harshe, haka nan yana da kyau a tantance da kira. su kamar haka kuma wannan ita ce hikimar da ke tattare da gwagwarmayar neman keɓancewa ga mutanen Middle-Belt."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Enesi |first=Onesimus |date=2000 |title=OPC VERSUS HAUSA/FULANI |journal=New Vision |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages= 13–18 }}</ref>}} Ma'anar yankunan Middle Belt yana fuskantar babban muhawara saboda kasancewar yawancin kabilun [[Hausawa]], [[Fulani]], [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] da [[Inyamurai|Igbo]]. Yarbawa waɗanda ke da rinjaye a cikin [[Ȯra Kwara|Kwara]] da [[Jihar Kogi|Kogi]] suna da dangantaka mai karfi tare da babbar ƙungiyar Yarbawa kuma akai-akai sun fi son kada a haɗa su da ainihin Middle Belt. == Siyasa == === Yankuna === Jihohin Najeriya da aka fi sani da Middle Belt su ne: tsohuwar [[Plateau (jiha)|Filato]] (yanzu [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]] da [[Nasarawa]] ), tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola|Gongola]] (yanzu [[Adamawa]] da [[Jahar Taraba|Taraba]] ), [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ȯra Kwara|Kwara]], [[Jihar Kogi|Kogi]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], tare da Kudancin Kaduna., Kudancin [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], Kudancin [[Kebbi]], Kudancin [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], Kudancin [[Yobe|Jihar Yobe]] da Kudancin [[Borno]], duk a al'adance a matsayin yanki na Middle Belt. === Tashin hankali ga yanki === Yunkurin samar da yankin Middle Belt a Najeriya ya kasance wani lamari mai zafi, domin har kungiyoyi irin su United Middle-Belt Youth Congress (UMYC) sun bukaci a ba su wata kungiya ta daban daga Arewa ta hanyar kirkiro yankin Middle Belt. a matsayin tarayya a Najeriya. == Alkaluma == === Yawan jama'a === Yawan jama'ar Middle Belt a shekarar 1991, ya kai kimanin miliyan 17.3 amma yanzu an yi hasashen sama da mutane miliyan 45 da ke zaune a yankin tsakiyar bel, wanda ke da rinjayen [[Kirista|kiristoci]] kashi 65%, yawan [[Musulmi|musulmin]] kashi 25% da kuma yawan Animist mai kashi 10% na yawan jama'a. === Ƙungiyoyin kabilanci === Middle Belt ta ƙunshi kabilu da yawa da ke magana da harsuna sama da 230. Babu wata kabila mai rinjaye, amma daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin har zuwa 1991 akwai: [[Tiv]] miliyan 5.1, [[Nufawa|Nupe]] miliyan 1.8. Ƙungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari irin su CONAECDA ne ke wakilta waɗannan ƙungiyoyin. <ref>Blench, Roger. </ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=3–44}}</ref> === Rikicin kabilanci === ‘Yan tsiraru a Najeriya sun kasance sun mamaye manyan kabilu uku, [[Hausawa|Hausawan]] Arewa, [[Yarbawa|Yarabawan]] Kudu maso Yamma da kuma [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] na Kudu maso Gabas. Kasancewa da mabambantan tarihi na addini, tattalin arziki da al'adu, Middle Belt ta kasance tudun mun tsira inda ƙanana da manyan ƙungiyoyin addinai a Najeriya suka daɗe suna zama tare, amma kuma suna ƙara yin karo da juna kan filaye, albarkatu, asali da kuma ikon siyasa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|url-status=3–6}}</ref> Sakamakon haka shine cakuda rikice-rikice masu maimaitawa da haɗin kai na siyasa lokaci-lokaci da haɗin kai a tsakanin waɗannan al'ummomi masu banbanci. Misali ga na baya-bayan nan shi ne [[United Middle Belt Congress|jam’iyyar United Middle Belt Congress]] da ta kunno kai bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga [[Birtaniya]] a shekarar 1960. Musamman birnin [[Jos]] na [[Plateau (jiha)|jihar Filato]] ya kasance cibiyar rigingimun kabilanci da tashe-tashen hankula tun a shekarun 1990. Shirin Tattaunawar Tsakanin Al'ummar Jos Forum ya shafe watanni 16 daga Agusta 2013 - Disamba 2014, kuma yana nufin shirin zaman lafiya da al'ummomin da ke zaune a Jos suka yi wanda aka kammala a cikin "Sanarwa na Zaman Lafiya". A cikin 2018 tashin hankali ya karu, tare da fadace-fadace na karancin albarkatu wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar sama da 500 sannan an lalata garuruwa 50. Rikicin dai ya yi yawa ne tsakanin [[Fulani]] makiyaya da Musulmi da kuma manoman [[Mutanen Berom|Berom]] Kirista. Sama da mutane 300,000 ne rikicin ya raba da muhallansu.<ref>"Nigeria's Farmers and Herders Fight a Deadly Battle for Scarce Resources". 25 June 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2018.</ref> == Magana == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Blench, Roger. 2021. ''[https://www.academia.edu/video/kLmebj Sake gina al'umma a tsakiyar Najeriya kafin 1800]'' . An gabatar dashi akan 12 Yuni 2021. [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanan Najeriya]] cnjbywprteusxzpkpsd9q318fdhsmsc 974889 974888 2026-11-01T16:13:56Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Middle Belt''' (wanda kuma ake kira '''Middle-belt''' ) ko '''Tsakiyar Najeriya''' kalma ce da ake amfani da ita a cikin yanayin yanayin ɗan adam don ayyana yankin bel ɗin da ya shimfiɗa a tsakiyar [[Najeriya]] tsawon tsayi kuma ya samar da yankin miƙa mulki tsakanin [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin]] Najeriya da [[Yankin Kudancin Najeriya|Kudancin]] Najeriya.<ref>E-Government Portal". services.gov.ng. Retrieved 14 November 2025.</ref><ref>"National Library of Nigeria (NLN) - Index". nln.gov.ng. Retrieved 14 November 2025.</ref><ref>Okorie, Patricia N.; Ademowo, George O.; Saka, Yisa; Davies, Emmanuel; Okoronkwo, Chukwu; Bockarie, Moses J.; Molyneux, David H.; Kelly-Hope, Louise A. (2013). "Lymphatic filariasis in Nigeria; micro-stratification overlap mapping (MOM) as a prerequisite for cost-effective resource utilization in control and surveillance". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 7 (9) e2416. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002416. ISSN 1935-2735. PMC 3764235. <nowiki>PMID 24040432</nowiki>.</ref><ref>"Ministry of Regional Development". Retrieved 14 November 2025</ref><ref>"General remarks". European Union Agency for Asylum. Retrieved 14 November 2025.</ref><ref>"Structure of the Commission". National Boundary Commission. Retrieved 14 November 2025.</ref> Ya ƙunshi rabin kudancin rusasshiyar [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|yankin Arewacin]] Najeriya,<ref>Johnson, Patrick (1978). Operation World: A day-to-day guide to praying for the world (4th ed.). OM Publishing and WEC Publications. pp. 327–328. <nowiki>ISBN 1-85078-007-2</nowiki>.</ref> yanzu ya ƙunshi galibin [[Arewa ta Tsakiya (Najeriya)|Arewa ta Tsakiya]] da sassan yankin [[Arewa ta Gabas (Najeriya)|Arewa maso Gabas]] da [[Arewa ta Yamma (Najeriya)|Arewa maso Yamma]], kuma ana siffanta shi da rashin cikakken ƙabila mafi rinjaye. Sannan kuma shine wurin da [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|babban birnin tarayyar]] Najeriya yake.<ref>Akinferon, Dapo; Kumolu, Charles (9 December 2011). "We're not northerners- Middle-Belt youths". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 3 August 2023.</ref><ref>"Nigeria: Rising Toll of Middle-Belt Violence". 28 June 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2020.</ref><ref>Akinferon, Dapo; Kumolu, Charles (9 December 2011). "We're not northerners- Middle-Belt youths". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 3 August 2023.</ref><ref>Higazi, Adam (January 2011). "The Jos Crisis: A Recurrent Nigerian Tragedy" (PDF). Working Paper (2). Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung: 3–6. Retrieved 19 October 2015.</ref><ref>Nigeria's Farmers and Herders Fight a Deadly Battle for Scarce Resources". 25 June 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2018.</ref> Shahararrun kungiyoyin tsiraru, zuwa wani mataki, ya zama katangar ƙabilanci a cikin ƙasar, kuma ya janyo rabuwar kai tsakanin manyan [[Musulmi|Musulmin]] Arewa da [[Kirista|Kiristan]] Kudu.<ref>Kperogi, Farooq A. "Why Nigeria's Northcentral States Can't be Renamed "Middle Belt"". Notes From Atlanta. Retrieved 12 November 2025.</ref> Yankin shine haɗin kai na waɗannan yankuna na al'adu kuma yana riƙe da ɗimbin bambance-bambancen kabilanci. Harsunan Afro-Asiatic, Nilo-Saharan, da [[Harsunan Nijar-Congo|Nijar – Kongo]] duk ana magana da su, waɗanda uku ne daga cikin manyan harsunan Afirka . A cikin 1920s, Melzian (1928:496) ya bayyana shi a matsayin "Yankin Tsakiya". <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=495–496}}</ref><ref>Blench, Roger (2020). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages (PDF). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref><ref>Blench, Roger. 2019. Old data and new technologies: the seamless integration of linguistics, literacy and translation for Nigerian minority languages. Jos Linguistic Circle, Jos, 13th March, 2019.</ref><ref>Blench, Roger (31 December 2020). "Research on the Plateau languages of Central Nigeria". Afrika und Übersee. 93. Hamburg University Press: 3–44.</ref> [[File:Some_nations_of_the_Middle_Belt_of_Nigeria.jpg|thumb| Wasu kasashen yankin tsakiyar Najeriya]] Wasu malaman suna jayayya cewa maimakon ma’anar ƙasa mai sauƙi, Middle Belt tana wakiltar haɗin addini da al'adu na waɗanda ba Kiristocin Hausa ba.<ref>Barnes, Andrew E. (2007). "The Middle Belt Movement and the Formation of Christian Consciousness in Colonial Northern Nigeria". Church History. 76 (3): 591–610. doi:10.1017/S0009640700500596. ISSN 0009-6407. JSTOR 27645035.</ref> == Dubawa == Game da abin da Middle-Belt ya ƙunsa, manyan mambobi uku na gwagwarmayar Middle-Beltern suna da wannan magana kamar yadda aka gabatar a cikin mujallar pan-Middle-Beltern, New Vision a cikin Disamba, 2000: {{Blockquote|"Tsakiyar Najeriya, kuma tana mu'amala da Arewa da Kudu masu yawan al'ummar Arewa da Kudancin ƙasar nan, Tsakiyar Najeriya a kodayaushe tana kan matsayi mafi kyau wajen fassara Arewa zuwa ga Arewa. Kudu, da Kudu zuwa Arewa... Abin da kungiyar Middle-Belt ke nema, shi ne ci gaban da ta kasance a baya, an kuma yi magana da shi a matsayin shiyyar Arewa ta Tsakiya don tantance kansa a matsayin yankin Middle-Belt, da fadada fa'idar da ba na yau da kullun ba. Har wala yau yana tabbatar da dandali na hadin kan kasarmu, ta yadda jiga-jigan kasarmu a Tsakiyar Tsakiya su kasance cikin ruhin hadin kan kasa, kamar yadda jama'a masu zaman kansu suka nuna a tsawon shekaru.."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Seri |first=Fidelis |date=2000 |title=MIDDLE-BELT: AN AGENDA FOR THE 21ST CENTURY |journal=New Vision |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages= 10–11 }}</ref>}} Shahararren dan jaridar nan, Cif Bayo Joseph, mai ba da shawara kan harkokin yada labarai kuma shugaban hukumar Editorial na New Vision, a nasa bangaren ya ce: {{Blockquote|"Tun lokacin da aka haɗu da 1914, mutanen Middle-Belt suna tsare a ƙarƙashin yanayi na wulakanta su, ana ɗaukar su a matsayin ɗan ƙasa na uku, ba a kula da al'adunsu da al'adarsu ba, yayin da waɗanda ake kira masters ɗin su ke cikin wadata suna jin daɗin mafi kyau. na duk wani abu da zai cutar da Middle-Belter... Don haka, wadannan mutane daga Middle-Belt suna da hakkin su daina tarayya da wadanda suke bautar da su kuma suka rike makomarsu a hannunsu.."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Joseph |first=Bayo |date=2000 |title=THOUGHTS OF A VETERAN |journal=New Vision |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages= 7–9 }}</ref>}} A wata faɗar, Onesimus Enesi ya ƙara da cewa: {{Blockquote|"Mutanen Middle-Belt ba Arewa suke ba, don haka ba za su iya zama ’yan Arewa ba...Tun da Allah Ya yarda ya bambanta al’ummar da ya halitta tare da rarrabuwar kawuna, kabilanci, kabilanci, kabilanci da harshe, haka nan yana da kyau a tantance da kira. su kamar haka kuma wannan ita ce hikimar da ke tattare da gwagwarmayar neman keɓancewa ga mutanen Middle-Belt."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Enesi |first=Onesimus |date=2000 |title=OPC VERSUS HAUSA/FULANI |journal=New Vision |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages= 13–18 }}</ref>}} Ma'anar yankunan Middle Belt yana fuskantar babban muhawara saboda kasancewar yawancin kabilun [[Hausawa]], [[Fulani]], [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] da [[Inyamurai|Igbo]]. Yarbawa waɗanda ke da rinjaye a cikin [[Ȯra Kwara|Kwara]] da [[Jihar Kogi|Kogi]] suna da dangantaka mai karfi tare da babbar ƙungiyar Yarbawa kuma akai-akai sun fi son kada a haɗa su da ainihin Middle Belt. == Siyasa == === Yankuna === Jihohin Najeriya da aka fi sani da Middle Belt su ne: tsohuwar [[Plateau (jiha)|Filato]] (yanzu [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]] da [[Nasarawa]] ), tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola|Gongola]] (yanzu [[Adamawa]] da [[Jahar Taraba|Taraba]] ), [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ȯra Kwara|Kwara]], [[Jihar Kogi|Kogi]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], tare da Kudancin Kaduna., Kudancin [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], Kudancin [[Kebbi]], Kudancin [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], Kudancin [[Yobe|Jihar Yobe]] da Kudancin [[Borno]], duk a al'adance a matsayin yanki na Middle Belt. === Tashin hankali ga yanki === Yunkurin samar da yankin Middle Belt a Najeriya ya kasance wani lamari mai zafi, domin har kungiyoyi irin su United Middle-Belt Youth Congress (UMYC) sun bukaci a ba su wata kungiya ta daban daga Arewa ta hanyar kirkiro yankin Middle Belt. a matsayin tarayya a Najeriya. == Alkaluma == === Yawan jama'a === Yawan jama'ar Middle Belt a shekarar 1991, ya kai kimanin miliyan 17.3 amma yanzu an yi hasashen sama da mutane miliyan 45 da ke zaune a yankin tsakiyar bel, wanda ke da rinjayen [[Kirista|kiristoci]] kashi 65%, yawan [[Musulmi|musulmin]] kashi 25% da kuma yawan Animist mai kashi 10% na yawan jama'a. === Ƙungiyoyin kabilanci === Middle Belt ta ƙunshi kabilu da yawa da ke magana da harsuna sama da 230. Babu wata kabila mai rinjaye, amma daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin har zuwa 1991 akwai: [[Tiv]] miliyan 5.1, [[Nufawa|Nupe]] miliyan 1.8. Ƙungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari irin su CONAECDA ne ke wakilta waɗannan ƙungiyoyin. <ref>Blench, Roger. </ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=3–44}}</ref> === Rikicin kabilanci === ‘Yan tsiraru a Najeriya sun kasance sun mamaye manyan kabilu uku, [[Hausawa|Hausawan]] Arewa, [[Yarbawa|Yarabawan]] Kudu maso Yamma da kuma [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] na Kudu maso Gabas. Kasancewa da mabambantan tarihi na addini, tattalin arziki da al'adu, Middle Belt ta kasance tudun mun tsira inda ƙanana da manyan ƙungiyoyin addinai a Najeriya suka daɗe suna zama tare, amma kuma suna ƙara yin karo da juna kan filaye, albarkatu, asali da kuma ikon siyasa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|url-status=3–6}}</ref> Sakamakon haka shine cakuda rikice-rikice masu maimaitawa da haɗin kai na siyasa lokaci-lokaci da haɗin kai a tsakanin waɗannan al'ummomi masu banbanci. Misali ga na baya-bayan nan shi ne [[United Middle Belt Congress|jam’iyyar United Middle Belt Congress]] da ta kunno kai bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga [[Birtaniya]] a shekarar 1960. Musamman birnin [[Jos]] na [[Plateau (jiha)|jihar Filato]] ya kasance cibiyar rigingimun kabilanci da tashe-tashen hankula tun a shekarun 1990. Shirin Tattaunawar Tsakanin Al'ummar Jos Forum ya shafe watanni 16 daga Agusta 2013 - Disamba 2014, kuma yana nufin shirin zaman lafiya da al'ummomin da ke zaune a Jos suka yi wanda aka kammala a cikin "Sanarwa na Zaman Lafiya". A cikin 2018 tashin hankali ya karu, tare da fadace-fadace na karancin albarkatu wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar sama da 500 sannan an lalata garuruwa 50. Rikicin dai ya yi yawa ne tsakanin [[Fulani]] makiyaya da Musulmi da kuma manoman [[Mutanen Berom|Berom]] Kirista. Sama da mutane 300,000 ne rikicin ya raba da muhallansu.<ref>"Nigeria's Farmers and Herders Fight a Deadly Battle for Scarce Resources". 25 June 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2018.</ref> == Magana == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Blench, Roger. 2021. ''[https://www.academia.edu/video/kLmebj Sake gina al'umma a tsakiyar Najeriya kafin 1800]'' . An gabatar dashi akan 12 Yuni 2021. [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanan Najeriya]] 4nwxgg6ofgqxazcqgrd52qkz84xz82v 974890 974889 2026-11-01T16:14:10Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Middle Belt''' (wanda kuma ake kira '''Middle-belt''' ) ko '''Tsakiyar Najeriya''' kalma ce da ake amfani da ita a cikin yanayin yanayin ɗan adam don ayyana yankin bel ɗin da ya shimfiɗa a tsakiyar [[Najeriya]] tsawon tsayi kuma ya samar da yankin miƙa mulki tsakanin [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin]] Najeriya da [[Yankin Kudancin Najeriya|Kudancin]] Najeriya.<ref>E-Government Portal". services.gov.ng. Retrieved 14 November 2025.</ref><ref>"National Library of Nigeria (NLN) - Index". nln.gov.ng. Retrieved 14 November 2025.</ref><ref>Okorie, Patricia N.; Ademowo, George O.; Saka, Yisa; Davies, Emmanuel; Okoronkwo, Chukwu; Bockarie, Moses J.; Molyneux, David H.; Kelly-Hope, Louise A. (2013). "Lymphatic filariasis in Nigeria; micro-stratification overlap mapping (MOM) as a prerequisite for cost-effective resource utilization in control and surveillance". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 7 (9) e2416. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002416. ISSN 1935-2735. PMC 3764235. <nowiki>PMID 24040432</nowiki>.</ref><ref>"Ministry of Regional Development". Retrieved 14 November 2025</ref><ref>"General remarks". European Union Agency for Asylum. Retrieved 14 November 2025.</ref><ref>"Structure of the Commission". National Boundary Commission. Retrieved 14 November 2025.</ref> Ya ƙunshi rabin kudancin rusasshiyar [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|yankin Arewacin]] Najeriya,<ref>Johnson, Patrick (1978). Operation World: A day-to-day guide to praying for the world (4th ed.). OM Publishing and WEC Publications. pp. 327–328. <nowiki>ISBN 1-85078-007-2</nowiki>.</ref> yanzu ya ƙunshi galibin [[Arewa ta Tsakiya (Najeriya)|Arewa ta Tsakiya]] da sassan yankin [[Arewa ta Gabas (Najeriya)|Arewa maso Gabas]] da [[Arewa ta Yamma (Najeriya)|Arewa maso Yamma]], kuma ana siffanta shi da rashin cikakken ƙabila mafi rinjaye. Sannan kuma shine wurin da [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|babban birnin tarayyar]] Najeriya yake.<ref>Akinferon, Dapo; Kumolu, Charles (9 December 2011). "We're not northerners- Middle-Belt youths". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 3 August 2023.</ref><ref>"Nigeria: Rising Toll of Middle-Belt Violence". 28 June 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2020.</ref><ref>Akinferon, Dapo; Kumolu, Charles (9 December 2011). "We're not northerners- Middle-Belt youths". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 3 August 2023.</ref><ref>Higazi, Adam (January 2011). "The Jos Crisis: A Recurrent Nigerian Tragedy" (PDF). Working Paper (2). Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung: 3–6. Retrieved 19 October 2015.</ref><ref>Nigeria's Farmers and Herders Fight a Deadly Battle for Scarce Resources". 25 June 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2018.</ref> Shahararrun kungiyoyin tsiraru, zuwa wani mataki, ya zama katangar ƙabilanci a cikin ƙasar, kuma ya janyo rabuwar kai tsakanin manyan [[Musulmi|Musulmin]] Arewa da [[Kirista|Kiristan]] Kudu.<ref>Kperogi, Farooq A. "Why Nigeria's Northcentral States Can't be Renamed "Middle Belt"". Notes From Atlanta. Retrieved 12 November 2025.</ref> Yankin shine haɗin kai na waɗannan yankuna na al'adu kuma yana riƙe da ɗimbin bambance-bambancen kabilanci. Harsunan Afro-Asiatic, Nilo-Saharan, da [[Harsunan Nijar-Congo|Nijar – Kongo]] duk ana magana da su, waɗanda uku ne daga cikin manyan harsunan Afirka . A cikin 1920s, Melzian (1928:496) ya bayyana shi a matsayin "Yankin Tsakiya". <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=495–496}}</ref><ref>Blench, Roger (2020). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages (PDF). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref><ref>Blench, Roger. 2019. Old data and new technologies: the seamless integration of linguistics, literacy and translation for Nigerian minority languages. Jos Linguistic Circle, Jos, 13th March, 2019.</ref><ref>Blench, Roger (31 December 2020). "Research on the Plateau languages of Central Nigeria". Afrika und Übersee. 93. Hamburg University Press: 3–44.</ref> [[File:Some_nations_of_the_Middle_Belt_of_Nigeria.jpg|thumb| Wasu kasashen yankin tsakiyar Najeriya]] Wasu malaman suna jayayya cewa maimakon ma’anar ƙasa mai sauƙi, Middle Belt tana wakiltar haɗin addini da al'adu na waɗanda ba Kiristocin Hausa ba.<ref>Barnes, Andrew E. (2007). "The Middle Belt Movement and the Formation of Christian Consciousness in Colonial Northern Nigeria". Church History. 76 (3): 591–610. doi:10.1017/S0009640700500596. ISSN 0009-6407. JSTOR 27645035.</ref> == Dubawa == Game da abin da Middle-Belt ya ƙunsa, manyan mambobi uku na gwagwarmayar Middle-Beltern suna da wannan magana kamar yadda aka gabatar a cikin mujallar pan-Middle-Beltern, New Vision a cikin Disamba, 2000: {{Blockquote|"Tsakiyar Najeriya, kuma tana mu'amala da Arewa da Kudu masu yawan al'ummar Arewa da Kudancin ƙasar nan, Tsakiyar Najeriya a kodayaushe tana kan matsayi mafi kyau wajen fassara Arewa zuwa ga Arewa. Kudu, da Kudu zuwa Arewa... Abin da kungiyar Middle-Belt ke nema, shi ne ci gaban da ta kasance a baya, an kuma yi magana da shi a matsayin shiyyar Arewa ta Tsakiya don tantance kansa a matsayin yankin Middle-Belt, da fadada fa'idar da ba na yau da kullun ba. Har wala yau yana tabbatar da dandali na hadin kan kasarmu, ta yadda jiga-jigan kasarmu a Tsakiyar Tsakiya su kasance cikin ruhin hadin kan kasa, kamar yadda jama'a masu zaman kansu suka nuna a tsawon shekaru.."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Seri |first=Fidelis |date=2000 |title=MIDDLE-BELT: AN AGENDA FOR THE 21ST CENTURY |journal=New Vision |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages= 10–11 }}</ref>}} Shahararren dan jaridar nan, Cif Bayo Joseph, mai ba da shawara kan harkokin yada labarai kuma shugaban hukumar Editorial na New Vision, a nasa bangaren ya ce: {{Blockquote|"Tun lokacin da aka haɗu da shekarar 1914, mutanen Middle-Belt suna tsare a ƙarƙashin yanayi na wulakanta su, ana ɗaukar su a matsayin ɗan ƙasa na uku, ba a kula da al'adunsu da al'adarsu ba, yayin da waɗanda ake kira masters ɗin su ke cikin wadata suna jin daɗin mafi kyau. na duk wani abu da zai cutar da Middle-Belter... Don haka, wadannan mutane daga Middle-Belt suna da hakkin su daina tarayya da wadanda suke bautar da su kuma suka rike makomarsu a hannunsu.."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Joseph |first=Bayo |date=2000 |title=THOUGHTS OF A VETERAN |journal=New Vision |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages= 7–9 }}</ref>}} A wata faɗar, Onesimus Enesi ya ƙara da cewa: {{Blockquote|"Mutanen Middle-Belt ba Arewa suke ba, don haka ba za su iya zama ’yan Arewa ba...Tun da Allah Ya yarda ya bambanta al’ummar da ya halitta tare da rarrabuwar kawuna, kabilanci, kabilanci, kabilanci da harshe, haka nan yana da kyau a tantance da kira. su kamar haka kuma wannan ita ce hikimar da ke tattare da gwagwarmayar neman keɓancewa ga mutanen Middle-Belt."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Enesi |first=Onesimus |date=2000 |title=OPC VERSUS HAUSA/FULANI |journal=New Vision |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages= 13–18 }}</ref>}} Ma'anar yankunan Middle Belt yana fuskantar babban muhawara saboda kasancewar yawancin kabilun [[Hausawa]], [[Fulani]], [[Ƙabilar Kanuri|Kanuri]] da [[Inyamurai|Igbo]]. Yarbawa waɗanda ke da rinjaye a cikin [[Ȯra Kwara|Kwara]] da [[Jihar Kogi|Kogi]] suna da dangantaka mai karfi tare da babbar ƙungiyar Yarbawa kuma akai-akai sun fi son kada a haɗa su da ainihin Middle Belt. == Siyasa == === Yankuna === Jihohin Najeriya da aka fi sani da Middle Belt su ne: tsohuwar [[Plateau (jiha)|Filato]] (yanzu [[Plateau (jiha)|Plateau]] da [[Nasarawa]] ), tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola|Gongola]] (yanzu [[Adamawa]] da [[Jahar Taraba|Taraba]] ), [[Neja|Niger]], [[Ȯra Kwara|Kwara]], [[Jihar Kogi|Kogi]], [[Benue (jiha)|Benue]], [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]], tare da Kudancin Kaduna., Kudancin [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], Kudancin [[Kebbi]], Kudancin [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], Kudancin [[Yobe|Jihar Yobe]] da Kudancin [[Borno]], duk a al'adance a matsayin yanki na Middle Belt. === Tashin hankali ga yanki === Yunkurin samar da yankin Middle Belt a Najeriya ya kasance wani lamari mai zafi, domin har kungiyoyi irin su United Middle-Belt Youth Congress (UMYC) sun bukaci a ba su wata kungiya ta daban daga Arewa ta hanyar kirkiro yankin Middle Belt. a matsayin tarayya a Najeriya. == Alkaluma == === Yawan jama'a === Yawan jama'ar Middle Belt a shekarar 1991, ya kai kimanin miliyan 17.3 amma yanzu an yi hasashen sama da mutane miliyan 45 da ke zaune a yankin tsakiyar bel, wanda ke da rinjayen [[Kirista|kiristoci]] kashi 65%, yawan [[Musulmi|musulmin]] kashi 25% da kuma yawan Animist mai kashi 10% na yawan jama'a. === Ƙungiyoyin kabilanci === Middle Belt ta ƙunshi kabilu da yawa da ke magana da harsuna sama da 230. Babu wata kabila mai rinjaye, amma daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin har zuwa 1991 akwai: [[Tiv]] miliyan 5.1, [[Nufawa|Nupe]] miliyan 1.8. Ƙungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari irin su CONAECDA ne ke wakilta waɗannan ƙungiyoyin. <ref>Blench, Roger. </ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=3–44}}</ref> === Rikicin kabilanci === ‘Yan tsiraru a Najeriya sun kasance sun mamaye manyan kabilu uku, [[Hausawa|Hausawan]] Arewa, [[Yarbawa|Yarabawan]] Kudu maso Yamma da kuma [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] na Kudu maso Gabas. Kasancewa da mabambantan tarihi na addini, tattalin arziki da al'adu, Middle Belt ta kasance tudun mun tsira inda ƙanana da manyan ƙungiyoyin addinai a Najeriya suka daɗe suna zama tare, amma kuma suna ƙara yin karo da juna kan filaye, albarkatu, asali da kuma ikon siyasa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|url-status=3–6}}</ref> Sakamakon haka shine cakuda rikice-rikice masu maimaitawa da haɗin kai na siyasa lokaci-lokaci da haɗin kai a tsakanin waɗannan al'ummomi masu banbanci. Misali ga na baya-bayan nan shi ne [[United Middle Belt Congress|jam’iyyar United Middle Belt Congress]] da ta kunno kai bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga [[Birtaniya]] a shekarar 1960. Musamman birnin [[Jos]] na [[Plateau (jiha)|jihar Filato]] ya kasance cibiyar rigingimun kabilanci da tashe-tashen hankula tun a shekarun 1990. Shirin Tattaunawar Tsakanin Al'ummar Jos Forum ya shafe watanni 16 daga Agusta 2013 - Disamba 2014, kuma yana nufin shirin zaman lafiya da al'ummomin da ke zaune a Jos suka yi wanda aka kammala a cikin "Sanarwa na Zaman Lafiya". A cikin 2018 tashin hankali ya karu, tare da fadace-fadace na karancin albarkatu wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar sama da 500 sannan an lalata garuruwa 50. Rikicin dai ya yi yawa ne tsakanin [[Fulani]] makiyaya da Musulmi da kuma manoman [[Mutanen Berom|Berom]] Kirista. Sama da mutane 300,000 ne rikicin ya raba da muhallansu.<ref>"Nigeria's Farmers and Herders Fight a Deadly Battle for Scarce Resources". 25 June 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2018.</ref> == Magana == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Blench, Roger. 2021. ''[https://www.academia.edu/video/kLmebj Sake gina al'umma a tsakiyar Najeriya kafin 1800]'' . An gabatar dashi akan 12 Yuni 2021. [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanan Najeriya]] d1kdgq78u867l4g25wfrvqgok3dfh15 0 65894 975130 645123 2026-11-02T06:47:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Denzil George Miller''' (30 Afrilu 1951 - 30 Nuwamba Shekara ta 2019) masani ne a fannin kimiyyar ruwa kuma kwararre kan kiyaye Antarctic, kamun kifi, siyasa da mulki.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.atsummit50.org/speaker/0730f.html|title=Presenter: Professor Denzil Miller|website=www.atsummit50.org|access-date=2019-12-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.weeklytimesnow.com.au/tributes/notice/5178232/?nk=a40142a451ecc56dcf5f4e8a18fff68a-1575318737|title=Prof. Denzil Miller AM, PhD. MILLER {{!}} Death Notices {{!}} Tasmania|website=Weekly Times Now|language=en|access-date=2019-12-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ccamlr.org/en/news/2019/professor-denzil-miller-am|title=Professor Denzil Miller AM {{!}} CCAMLR|website=www.ccamlr.org|access-date=2019-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205021702/https://www.ccamlr.org/en/news/2019/professor-denzil-miller-am|archive-date=2019-12-05|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Miller ya girma a [[Zambiya]] kuma ya halarci makaranta a [[Zimbabwe]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://oceanites.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/denzil-miller-bio.pdf|title=Denzil Miller Bio|website=Oceanites}}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya ci gaba da samun digiri na uku a fannin nazarin halittun ruwa daga Jami'ar [[Cape Town]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.researchcareer.com.au/archived-news/new-director-for-antarctic-tasmania-science-and-research-unit|title=New director for Antarctic Tasmania Science and Research Unit - ResearchCareer|last=ResearchCareer|website=www.researchcareer.com.au|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-12-01}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Sana'a == Miller ya yi aiki a matsayin masanin kimiyya na reshen harkokin ruwa da bakin teku na Sashen Muhalli na [[Afirka ta Kudu]] na tsawon shekaru 23, daga shekarun 1979 har zuwa 2002.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> A wannan lokacin, ya halarci Hukumar Kula da Albarkatun Ruwa na [[Antarctic]] (CCAMLR) a matsayin memba na tawagar [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Ya kira Ƙungiyar Ayyuka ta Hukumar akan Krill (1987 zuwa 1994) kuma ya jagoranci kwamitin kimiyya a shekarun (1997 zuwa 2000). Ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Sakatare na CCAMLR daga shekarun 2002 har zuwa 2010. Daga shekarun 2003 har zuwa 2008, Miller ya jagoranci Cibiyar Kula da Abinci da [[Regional Fisheries Bodies Secretariat Network|Aikin Noma ta Majalisar]] [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Ɗinkin Duniya]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> A cikin shekarar 2011, an naɗa shi a matsayin darektan Sashin Kimiyya da Bincike na [[Antarctic Tasmania]]. Miller shi ne wakilin [[Tasmania]] akan [[Forum of Australian Chief Scientists|Dandalin Manyan Masanan Kimiyya na Australiya]] daga shekarun 2012 har zuwa 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chiefscientist.gov.au/2016/05/article-forum-of-australian-chief-scientists|title=Article: Forum of Australian Chief Scientists {{!}} Chief Scientist|website=www.chiefscientist.gov.au|access-date=2019-12-01}}</ref> == Kyauta == A cikin shekarar 1995, Miller ya sami lambar yabo ta Afirka ta Kudu Antarctic Medal da lambar yabo ta BP Antarctic.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://anaretas.weebly.com/latest-news-2011.html|title=Prof Denzil Miller Order of Australia award|website=ANARE Club Tasmania|language=en|access-date=2019-12-01}}</ref> A cikin watan Oktoban 2007, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu karɓa na duniya guda shida da za a ba da lambar yabo ta [[Duke of Edinburgh Conservation Medal|Duke na Edinburgh Conservation Medal]] saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga kiyayewa Antarctic da sarrafa kamun kifi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wwf.panda.org/?116061|title=Southern Ocean guardian wins WWF conservation medal {{!}} WWF|website=wwf.panda.org|access-date=2019-12-01}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2011, an sanya shi memba na Order of [[Ostiraliya (nahiya)|Ostiraliya]] yana gane hidimarsa ga kiyaye rayuwar Antarctic Marine Life.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2 December 2011|title=Honorary Appointments and Awards Within the Order of Australia|url=https://old.gg.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/honours/S190_embargo December 2011.pdf|journal=Gazette Special (Commonwealth of Australia)|volume=S190}}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":3" /> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] a5z0e029nvymvuecgp15a1i5drd5itv 0 67632 974852 543496 2026-11-01T16:03:15Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Oregon Primary Voters' Pamphlet 1960 D.pdf|thumb|Jake O'Brien (fighter)]] '''Jake O'Brien''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Satumban shekarar 1984) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na ƙasar [[Amurka]] wanda ya yi ritaya wanda ya yi gasa a kwanan nan a cikin rukunin Heavyweight . Kwararren mai fafatawa daga 2005 har zuwa 2012, ya yi yaƙi don UFC, WEC, da DREAM.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20161126131715/http://www.purduesports.com/sports/m-wrestl/mtt/obrien_jake00.html</ref> == Tarihi == An haife shi kuma ya girma a Indianapolis, Indiana, O'Brien ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Franklin ta Tsakiya inda ya yi gasa a cikin kokawa, kwallon kafa, da waƙa da filin. A cikin kokawa, O'Brien ya kasance zakara na jihar sau uku a matsayin mai karatun biyu, ƙarami, da babba, yana tattara rikodin gaba ɗaya na 152-9. O'Brien ya kuma sami haruffa huɗu a kwallon kafa da ɗaya a cikin waƙa da filin. O'Brien ya ci gaba da kokawa a Jami'ar Purdue, kuma bayan ya yi amfani da sabon shekara, ya sanya rikodin 14-18 a kakar wasa ta biyu a matsayin mai farawa mai nauyi. Koyaya, wannan zai zama shekara guda ɗaya ta O'Brien na kokawa a Purdue . == Ayyukan zane-zane na mixed == === Farkon aiki === O'Brien ya fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko a shekara ta 2005 kuma ya tara rikodin kwararru na 7-0 wanda ya hada da nasarar knockout na 14 a WEC, kafin UFC ta sanya hannu. === Gasar Gwagwarmaya ta Ƙarshe === O'Brien ya fara UFC a UFC Fight Night 6 a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta, 2006, a kan Kristof Midoux kuma ya ci nasara ta hanyar TKO a zagaye na biyu. O'Brien ya biyo bayan wannan tare da nasarar yanke shawara ɗaya a UFC 65 kafin ya fuskanci Heath Herring a UFC Fight Night 8 a ranar 25 ga Janairu, 2007. O'Brien ya sami watakila babbar nasara a cikin aikinsa, inda ya doke tsohon soja na PRIDE ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya (29-28, 30-27, 30-27). A bayyanarsa ta gaba, O'Brien ya fuskanci tsohon UFC Heavyweight Champion">UFC Heavyweight Champion Andrei Arlovski kuma an ba shi asarar sana'arsa ta farko ta hanyar TKO a zagaye na biyu. A cikin gwagwarmayarsa ta gaba, O'Brien ya haɗu da zakaran UFC na gaba Cain Velasquez a UFC Fight Night: Silva vs. Irvin a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2008, kuma an sake kayar da shi ta hanyar TKO, a zagaye na farko. Bayan asarar sau biyu a jere, O'Brien ya sauka zuwa ƙungiyar Light Heavyweight kuma ya fuskanci Christian Wellisch, wanda shi ma ke yin sautin Light Heavyvyweight na farko, a UFC 94 a ranar 31 ga Janairu, 2009. O'Brien ya ci nasara ta hanyar yanke shawara. A bayyanarsa ta gaba a UFC 100 a ranar 11 ga Yuli, 2009, O'Brien ya fuskanci UFC Light Heavyweight Champion Jon Jones na gaba. An kayar da O'Brien ta hanyar mika wuya a zagaye na biyu.<ref>http://www.mmafighting.com/2010/06/28/gegard-mousasi-vs-jake-obrien-in-the-works-for-dream-15/</ref> === Bayan UFC === Bayan ya tashi daga UFC, O'Brien ya lashe gwagwarmaya biyu a cikin ci gaba mai zaman kansa kafin a sanya hannu kan shi ta hanyar ci gaba ta Japan DREAM. === Farin ciki === Ana  ran O'Brien zai fara bugawa tare da ci gaban DREAM a ranar 10 ga watan Yuli a cikin wani gwagwarmayar Light Heavyweight da tsohon Strikeforce da DREAM Champion Gegard Mousasi a Dream 15. O'Brien ya kasa yin nauyi, yana da nauyin 212 lbs saboda haka an ba shi 10% na ajiya da kuma katin rawaya a farkon yakin. O'Brien ya rasa ta hanyar mika wuya a zagaye na farko. == Rubuce-rubuce == 4u1zxhxvfi4df6id64aepvsbajhgp9a 974853 974852 2026-11-01T16:03:28Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Oregon Primary Voters' Pamphlet 1960 D.pdf|thumb|Jake O'Brien (fighter)]] '''Jake O'Brien''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Satumban shekarar 1984) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na ƙasar [[Amurka]] wanda ya yi ritaya wanda ya yi gasa a kwanan nan a cikin rukunin Heavyweight . Kwararren mai fafatawa daga 2005 har zuwa 2012, ya yi yaƙi don UFC, WEC, da DREAM.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20161126131715/http://www.purduesports.com/sports/m-wrestl/mtt/obrien_jake00.html</ref> == Tarihi == An kuma haife shi kuma ya girma a Indianapolis, Indiana, O'Brien ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Franklin ta Tsakiya inda ya yi gasa a cikin kokawa, kwallon kafa, da waƙa da filin. A cikin kokawa, O'Brien ya kasance zakara na jihar sau uku a matsayin mai karatun biyu, ƙarami, da babba, yana tattara rikodin gaba ɗaya na 152-9. O'Brien ya kuma sami haruffa huɗu a kwallon kafa da ɗaya a cikin waƙa da filin. O'Brien ya ci gaba da kokawa a Jami'ar Purdue, kuma bayan ya yi amfani da sabon shekara, ya sanya rikodin 14-18 a kakar wasa ta biyu a matsayin mai farawa mai nauyi. Koyaya, wannan zai zama shekara guda ɗaya ta O'Brien na kokawa a Purdue . == Ayyukan zane-zane na mixed == === Farkon aiki === O'Brien ya fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko a shekara ta 2005 kuma ya tara rikodin kwararru na 7-0 wanda ya hada da nasarar knockout na 14 a WEC, kafin UFC ta sanya hannu. === Gasar Gwagwarmaya ta Ƙarshe === O'Brien ya fara UFC a UFC Fight Night 6 a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta, 2006, a kan Kristof Midoux kuma ya ci nasara ta hanyar TKO a zagaye na biyu. O'Brien ya biyo bayan wannan tare da nasarar yanke shawara ɗaya a UFC 65 kafin ya fuskanci Heath Herring a UFC Fight Night 8 a ranar 25 ga Janairu, 2007. O'Brien ya sami watakila babbar nasara a cikin aikinsa, inda ya doke tsohon soja na PRIDE ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya (29-28, 30-27, 30-27). A bayyanarsa ta gaba, O'Brien ya fuskanci tsohon UFC Heavyweight Champion">UFC Heavyweight Champion Andrei Arlovski kuma an ba shi asarar sana'arsa ta farko ta hanyar TKO a zagaye na biyu. A cikin gwagwarmayarsa ta gaba, O'Brien ya haɗu da zakaran UFC na gaba Cain Velasquez a UFC Fight Night: Silva vs. Irvin a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2008, kuma an sake kayar da shi ta hanyar TKO, a zagaye na farko. Bayan asarar sau biyu a jere, O'Brien ya sauka zuwa ƙungiyar Light Heavyweight kuma ya fuskanci Christian Wellisch, wanda shi ma ke yin sautin Light Heavyvyweight na farko, a UFC 94 a ranar 31 ga Janairu, 2009. O'Brien ya ci nasara ta hanyar yanke shawara. A bayyanarsa ta gaba a UFC 100 a ranar 11 ga Yuli, 2009, O'Brien ya fuskanci UFC Light Heavyweight Champion Jon Jones na gaba. An kayar da O'Brien ta hanyar mika wuya a zagaye na biyu.<ref>http://www.mmafighting.com/2010/06/28/gegard-mousasi-vs-jake-obrien-in-the-works-for-dream-15/</ref> === Bayan UFC === Bayan ya tashi daga UFC, O'Brien ya lashe gwagwarmaya biyu a cikin ci gaba mai zaman kansa kafin a sanya hannu kan shi ta hanyar ci gaba ta Japan DREAM. === Farin ciki === Ana  ran O'Brien zai fara bugawa tare da ci gaban DREAM a ranar 10 ga watan Yuli a cikin wani gwagwarmayar Light Heavyweight da tsohon Strikeforce da DREAM Champion Gegard Mousasi a Dream 15. O'Brien ya kasa yin nauyi, yana da nauyin 212 lbs saboda haka an ba shi 10% na ajiya da kuma katin rawaya a farkon yakin. O'Brien ya rasa ta hanyar mika wuya a zagaye na farko. == Rubuce-rubuce == aylzlrnd0o4d9k04ebo3jes52nqms2y 974854 974853 2026-11-01T16:03:46Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Oregon Primary Voters' Pamphlet 1960 D.pdf|thumb|Jake O'Brien (fighter)]] '''Jake O'Brien''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Satumban shekarar 1984) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na ƙasar [[Amurka]] wanda ya yi ritaya wanda ya yi gasa a kwanan nan a cikin rukunin Heavyweight . Kwararren mai fafatawa daga shekarar 2005 har zuwa 2012, ya yi yaƙi don UFC, WEC, da DREAM.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20161126131715/http://www.purduesports.com/sports/m-wrestl/mtt/obrien_jake00.html</ref> == Tarihi == An kuma haife shi kuma ya girma a Indianapolis, Indiana, O'Brien ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Franklin ta Tsakiya inda ya yi gasa a cikin kokawa, kwallon kafa, da waƙa da filin. A cikin kokawa, O'Brien ya kasance zakara na jihar sau uku a matsayin mai karatun biyu, ƙarami, da babba, yana tattara rikodin gaba ɗaya na 152-9. O'Brien ya kuma sami haruffa huɗu a kwallon kafa da ɗaya a cikin waƙa da filin. O'Brien ya ci gaba da kokawa a Jami'ar Purdue, kuma bayan ya yi amfani da sabon shekara, ya sanya rikodin 14-18 a kakar wasa ta biyu a matsayin mai farawa mai nauyi. Koyaya, wannan zai zama shekara guda ɗaya ta O'Brien na kokawa a Purdue . == Ayyukan zane-zane na mixed == === Farkon aiki === O'Brien ya fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko a shekara ta 2005 kuma ya tara rikodin kwararru na 7-0 wanda ya hada da nasarar knockout na 14 a WEC, kafin UFC ta sanya hannu. === Gasar Gwagwarmaya ta Ƙarshe === O'Brien ya fara UFC a UFC Fight Night 6 a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta, 2006, a kan Kristof Midoux kuma ya ci nasara ta hanyar TKO a zagaye na biyu. O'Brien ya biyo bayan wannan tare da nasarar yanke shawara ɗaya a UFC 65 kafin ya fuskanci Heath Herring a UFC Fight Night 8 a ranar 25 ga Janairu, 2007. O'Brien ya sami watakila babbar nasara a cikin aikinsa, inda ya doke tsohon soja na PRIDE ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya (29-28, 30-27, 30-27). A bayyanarsa ta gaba, O'Brien ya fuskanci tsohon UFC Heavyweight Champion">UFC Heavyweight Champion Andrei Arlovski kuma an ba shi asarar sana'arsa ta farko ta hanyar TKO a zagaye na biyu. A cikin gwagwarmayarsa ta gaba, O'Brien ya haɗu da zakaran UFC na gaba Cain Velasquez a UFC Fight Night: Silva vs. Irvin a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2008, kuma an sake kayar da shi ta hanyar TKO, a zagaye na farko. Bayan asarar sau biyu a jere, O'Brien ya sauka zuwa ƙungiyar Light Heavyweight kuma ya fuskanci Christian Wellisch, wanda shi ma ke yin sautin Light Heavyvyweight na farko, a UFC 94 a ranar 31 ga Janairu, 2009. O'Brien ya ci nasara ta hanyar yanke shawara. A bayyanarsa ta gaba a UFC 100 a ranar 11 ga Yuli, 2009, O'Brien ya fuskanci UFC Light Heavyweight Champion Jon Jones na gaba. An kayar da O'Brien ta hanyar mika wuya a zagaye na biyu.<ref>http://www.mmafighting.com/2010/06/28/gegard-mousasi-vs-jake-obrien-in-the-works-for-dream-15/</ref> === Bayan UFC === Bayan ya tashi daga UFC, O'Brien ya lashe gwagwarmaya biyu a cikin ci gaba mai zaman kansa kafin a sanya hannu kan shi ta hanyar ci gaba ta Japan DREAM. === Farin ciki === Ana  ran O'Brien zai fara bugawa tare da ci gaban DREAM a ranar 10 ga watan Yuli a cikin wani gwagwarmayar Light Heavyweight da tsohon Strikeforce da DREAM Champion Gegard Mousasi a Dream 15. O'Brien ya kasa yin nauyi, yana da nauyin 212 lbs saboda haka an ba shi 10% na ajiya da kuma katin rawaya a farkon yakin. O'Brien ya rasa ta hanyar mika wuya a zagaye na farko. == Rubuce-rubuce == sps7t7chj9tqajk90dwhlagkoyzkvzi 974855 974854 2026-11-01T16:04:07Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Oregon Primary Voters' Pamphlet 1960 D.pdf|thumb|Jake O'Brien (fighter)]] '''Jake O'Brien''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Satumban shekarar 1984) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na ƙasar [[Amurka]] wanda ya yi ritaya wanda ya yi gasa a kwanan nan a cikin rukunin Heavyweight . Kwararren mai fafatawa daga shekarar 2005 har zuwa 2012, ya yi yaƙi don UFC, WEC, da DREAM.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20161126131715/http://www.purduesports.com/sports/m-wrestl/mtt/obrien_jake00.html</ref> == Tarihi == An kuma haife shi kuma ya girma a Indianapolis, Indiana, O'Brien ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Franklin ta Tsakiya inda ya yi gasa a cikin kokawa, kwallon kafa, da waƙa da filin. A cikin kokawa, O'Brien ya kasance zakara na jihar sau uku a matsayin mai karatun biyu, ƙarami, da babba, yana tattara rikodin gaba ɗaya na 152-9. O'Brien ya kuma sami haruffa huɗu a kwallon kafa da ɗaya a cikin waƙa da filin. O'Brien ya ci gaba da kokawa a Jami'ar Purdue, kuma bayan ya yi amfani da sabon shekara, ya sanya rikodin 14-18 a kakar wasa ta biyu a matsayin mai farawa mai nauyi. Koyaya, wannan zai zama shekara guda ɗaya ta O'Brien na kokawa a Purdue . == Ayyukan zane-zane na mixed == === Farkon aiki === O'Brien ya fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko a shekara ta 2005 kuma ya tara rikodin kwararru na 7-0 wanda ya hada da nasarar knockout na 14 a WEC, kafin UFC ta sanya hannu. === Gasar Gwagwarmaya ta Ƙarshe === O'Brien ya fara UFC a UFC Fight Night 6 a ranar 17 ga watan Agustan shekarar 2006, a kan Kristof Midoux kuma ya ci nasara ta hanyar TKO a zagaye na biyu. O'Brien ya biyo bayan wannan tare da nasarar yanke shawara ɗaya a UFC 65 kafin ya fuskanci Heath Herring a UFC Fight Night 8 a ranar 25 ga Janairu, 2007. O'Brien ya sami watakila babbar nasara a cikin aikinsa, inda ya doke tsohon soja na PRIDE ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya (29-28, 30-27, 30-27). A bayyanarsa ta gaba, O'Brien ya fuskanci tsohon UFC Heavyweight Champion">UFC Heavyweight Champion Andrei Arlovski kuma an ba shi asarar sana'arsa ta farko ta hanyar TKO a zagaye na biyu. A cikin gwagwarmayarsa ta gaba, O'Brien ya haɗu da zakaran UFC na gaba Cain Velasquez a UFC Fight Night: Silva vs. Irvin a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2008, kuma an sake kayar da shi ta hanyar TKO, a zagaye na farko. Bayan asarar sau biyu a jere, O'Brien ya sauka zuwa ƙungiyar Light Heavyweight kuma ya fuskanci Christian Wellisch, wanda shi ma ke yin sautin Light Heavyvyweight na farko, a UFC 94 a ranar 31 ga Janairu, 2009. O'Brien ya ci nasara ta hanyar yanke shawara. A bayyanarsa ta gaba a UFC 100 a ranar 11 ga Yuli, 2009, O'Brien ya fuskanci UFC Light Heavyweight Champion Jon Jones na gaba. An kayar da O'Brien ta hanyar mika wuya a zagaye na biyu.<ref>http://www.mmafighting.com/2010/06/28/gegard-mousasi-vs-jake-obrien-in-the-works-for-dream-15/</ref> === Bayan UFC === Bayan ya tashi daga UFC, O'Brien ya lashe gwagwarmaya biyu a cikin ci gaba mai zaman kansa kafin a sanya hannu kan shi ta hanyar ci gaba ta Japan DREAM. === Farin ciki === Ana  ran O'Brien zai fara bugawa tare da ci gaban DREAM a ranar 10 ga watan Yuli a cikin wani gwagwarmayar Light Heavyweight da tsohon Strikeforce da DREAM Champion Gegard Mousasi a Dream 15. O'Brien ya kasa yin nauyi, yana da nauyin 212 lbs saboda haka an ba shi 10% na ajiya da kuma katin rawaya a farkon yakin. O'Brien ya rasa ta hanyar mika wuya a zagaye na farko. == Rubuce-rubuce == tdvy169cyc9jd9g92hlxo979yg8vzr7 974856 974855 2026-11-01T16:04:25Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Oregon Primary Voters' Pamphlet 1960 D.pdf|thumb|Jake O'Brien (fighter)]] '''Jake O'Brien''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Satumban shekarar 1984) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na ƙasar [[Amurka]] wanda ya yi ritaya wanda ya yi gasa a kwanan nan a cikin rukunin Heavyweight . Kwararren mai fafatawa daga shekarar 2005 har zuwa 2012, ya yi yaƙi don UFC, WEC, da DREAM.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20161126131715/http://www.purduesports.com/sports/m-wrestl/mtt/obrien_jake00.html</ref> == Tarihi == An kuma haife shi kuma ya girma a Indianapolis, Indiana, O'Brien ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Franklin ta Tsakiya inda ya yi gasa a cikin kokawa, kwallon kafa, da waƙa da filin. A cikin kokawa, O'Brien ya kasance zakara na jihar sau uku a matsayin mai karatun biyu, ƙarami, da babba, yana tattara rikodin gaba ɗaya na 152-9. O'Brien ya kuma sami haruffa huɗu a kwallon kafa da ɗaya a cikin waƙa da filin. O'Brien ya ci gaba da kokawa a Jami'ar Purdue, kuma bayan ya yi amfani da sabon shekara, ya sanya rikodin 14-18 a kakar wasa ta biyu a matsayin mai farawa mai nauyi. Koyaya, wannan zai zama shekara guda ɗaya ta O'Brien na kokawa a Purdue . == Ayyukan zane-zane na mixed == === Farkon aiki === O'Brien ya fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko a shekara ta 2005 kuma ya tara rikodin kwararru na 7-0 wanda ya hada da nasarar knockout na 14 a WEC, kafin UFC ta sanya hannu. === Gasar Gwagwarmaya ta Ƙarshe === O'Brien ya fara UFC a UFC Fight Night 6 a ranar 17 ga watan Agustan shekarar 2006, a kan Kristof Midoux kuma ya ci nasara ta hanyar TKO a zagaye na biyu. O'Brien ya biyo bayan wannan tare da nasarar yanke shawara ɗaya a UFC 65 kafin ya fuskanci Heath Herring a UFC Fight Night 8 a ranar 25 ga Janairu, 2007. O'Brien ya sami watakila babbar nasara a cikin aikinsa, inda ya doke tsohon soja na PRIDE ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya (29-28, 30-27, 30-27). A bayyanarsa ta gaba, O'Brien ya fuskanci tsohon UFC Heavyweight Champion">UFC Heavyweight Champion Andrei Arlovski kuma an ba shi asarar sana'arsa ta farko ta hanyar TKO a zagaye na biyu. A cikin gwagwarmayarsa ta gaba, O'Brien ya haɗu da zakaran UFC na gaba Cain Velasquez a UFC Fight Night: Silva vs. Irvin a ranar 19 ga Yulin shekarar 2008, kuma an sake kayar da shi ta hanyar TKO, a zagaye na farko. Bayan asarar sau biyu a jere, O'Brien ya sauka zuwa ƙungiyar Light Heavyweight kuma ya fuskanci Christian Wellisch, wanda shi ma ke yin sautin Light Heavyvyweight na farko, a UFC 94 a ranar 31 ga Janairu, 2009. O'Brien ya ci nasara ta hanyar yanke shawara. A bayyanarsa ta gaba a UFC 100 a ranar 11 ga Yuli, 2009, O'Brien ya fuskanci UFC Light Heavyweight Champion Jon Jones na gaba. An kayar da O'Brien ta hanyar mika wuya a zagaye na biyu.<ref>http://www.mmafighting.com/2010/06/28/gegard-mousasi-vs-jake-obrien-in-the-works-for-dream-15/</ref> === Bayan UFC === Bayan ya tashi daga UFC, O'Brien ya lashe gwagwarmaya biyu a cikin ci gaba mai zaman kansa kafin a sanya hannu kan shi ta hanyar ci gaba ta Japan DREAM. === Farin ciki === Ana  ran O'Brien zai fara bugawa tare da ci gaban DREAM a ranar 10 ga watan Yuli a cikin wani gwagwarmayar Light Heavyweight da tsohon Strikeforce da DREAM Champion Gegard Mousasi a Dream 15. O'Brien ya kasa yin nauyi, yana da nauyin 212 lbs saboda haka an ba shi 10% na ajiya da kuma katin rawaya a farkon yakin. O'Brien ya rasa ta hanyar mika wuya a zagaye na farko. == Rubuce-rubuce == rksmnlutbiinclciuiq9x1lb9rdfxo7 974857 974856 2026-11-01T16:04:37Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974857 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Oregon Primary Voters' Pamphlet 1960 D.pdf|thumb|Jake O'Brien (fighter)]] '''Jake O'Brien''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga watan Satumban shekarar 1984) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na ƙasar [[Amurka]] wanda ya yi ritaya wanda ya yi gasa a kwanan nan a cikin rukunin Heavyweight . Kwararren mai fafatawa daga shekarar 2005 har zuwa 2012, ya yi yaƙi don UFC, WEC, da DREAM.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20161126131715/http://www.purduesports.com/sports/m-wrestl/mtt/obrien_jake00.html</ref> == Tarihi == An kuma haife shi kuma ya girma a Indianapolis, Indiana, O'Brien ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Franklin ta Tsakiya inda ya yi gasa a cikin kokawa, kwallon kafa, da waƙa da filin. A cikin kokawa, O'Brien ya kasance zakara na jihar sau uku a matsayin mai karatun biyu, ƙarami, da babba, yana tattara rikodin gaba ɗaya na 152-9. O'Brien ya kuma sami haruffa huɗu a kwallon kafa da ɗaya a cikin waƙa da filin. O'Brien ya ci gaba da kokawa a Jami'ar Purdue, kuma bayan ya yi amfani da sabon shekara, ya sanya rikodin 14-18 a kakar wasa ta biyu a matsayin mai farawa mai nauyi. Koyaya, wannan zai zama shekara guda ɗaya ta O'Brien na kokawa a Purdue . == Ayyukan zane-zane na mixed == === Farkon aiki === O'Brien ya fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko a shekara ta 2005 kuma ya tara rikodin kwararru na 7-0 wanda ya hada da nasarar knockout na 14 a WEC, kafin UFC ta sanya hannu. === Gasar Gwagwarmaya ta Ƙarshe === O'Brien ya fara UFC a UFC Fight Night 6 a ranar 17 ga watan Agustan shekarar 2006, a kan Kristof Midoux kuma ya ci nasara ta hanyar TKO a zagaye na biyu. O'Brien ya biyo bayan wannan tare da nasarar yanke shawara ɗaya a UFC 65 kafin ya fuskanci Heath Herring a UFC Fight Night 8 a ranar 25 ga Janairu, 2007. O'Brien ya sami watakila babbar nasara a cikin aikinsa, inda ya doke tsohon soja na PRIDE ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya (29-28, 30-27, 30-27). A bayyanarsa ta gaba, O'Brien ya fuskanci tsohon UFC Heavyweight Champion">UFC Heavyweight Champion Andrei Arlovski kuma an ba shi asarar sana'arsa ta farko ta hanyar TKO a zagaye na biyu. A cikin gwagwarmayarsa ta gaba, O'Brien ya haɗu da zakaran UFC na gaba Cain Velasquez a UFC Fight Night: Silva vs. Irvin a ranar 19 ga Yulin shekarar 2008, kuma an sake kayar da shi ta hanyar TKO, a zagaye na farko. Bayan asarar sau biyu a jere, O'Brien ya sauka zuwa ƙungiyar Light Heavyweight kuma ya fuskanci Christian Wellisch, wanda shi ma ke yin sautin Light Heavyvyweight na farko, a UFC 94 a ranar 31 ga Janairu, 2009. O'Brien ya ci nasara ta hanyar yanke shawara. A bayyanarsa ta gaba a UFC 100 a ranar 11 ga Yulin shekarar 2009, O'Brien ya fuskanci UFC Light Heavyweight Champion Jon Jones na gaba. An kayar da O'Brien ta hanyar mika wuya a zagaye na biyu.<ref>http://www.mmafighting.com/2010/06/28/gegard-mousasi-vs-jake-obrien-in-the-works-for-dream-15/</ref> === Bayan UFC === Bayan ya tashi daga UFC, O'Brien ya lashe gwagwarmaya biyu a cikin ci gaba mai zaman kansa kafin a sanya hannu kan shi ta hanyar ci gaba ta Japan DREAM. === Farin ciki === Ana  ran O'Brien zai fara bugawa tare da ci gaban DREAM a ranar 10 ga watan Yuli a cikin wani gwagwarmayar Light Heavyweight da tsohon Strikeforce da DREAM Champion Gegard Mousasi a Dream 15. O'Brien ya kasa yin nauyi, yana da nauyin 212 lbs saboda haka an ba shi 10% na ajiya da kuma katin rawaya a farkon yakin. O'Brien ya rasa ta hanyar mika wuya a zagaye na farko. == Rubuce-rubuce == 35lu3evzrk240m1cwfsv5qt84cyte0a 0 67635 974850 493955 2026-11-01T16:02:30Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Christian Wellisch 070313-N-XX123-002.jpg|thumb|Kwararan Dan wasan kwaikwayo ]] '''Christian Wellisch,''' (an [[Haifa Abdelhak|haife]] [[Shi'a|shi]] a [[Ranar Muhalli ta Duniya|ranar]] 13 ga [[Wata|watan]] [[Satumba]], 1975) [[Tsohon Birnin Damascus|tsohon]] ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Hungary-Amurka. Kwararren mai fafatawa daga shekara ta 2001 har zuwa shekara ta 2009, ya fafata wa UFC, WEC, da King of the Cage.<ref>http://mmamania.com/2008/11/19/jon-fitch-christian-wellisch-and-possibly-others-cut-by-ufc/</ref> == Ayyukan zane-zane na mixed == Wellisch ya fara sana'arsa ta sana'a a shekara ta 2001 a matsayin mai gwagwarmaya mai nauyi a cikin ƙananan gabatarwa. A shekara ta 2006, ya ci nasara a kan Dan Evensen wanda ba a ci nasara ba. Tare da rikodin 6-2, Wellisch ya fara buga gasar cin kofin Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) a kan Cheick Kongo a ''UFC 62''. Ya rasa ta hanyar knockout saboda yawon gwiwa a zagaye na farko. Wellisch ya biyo baya da nasarori biyu a kan Anthony Perosh da Scott Junk a ''UFC 66'' da ''UFC 76'' bi da bi. Ya ƙare a ''UFC 84'', inda ba a ci nasara ba mai tasowa Shane Carwin ya buge shi da bugawa a cikin sakan 44 na zagaye na farko, ya buga mai tsaron bakinsa. watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2008, UFC ta saki Wellisch daga kwangilarsa tare da Jon Fitch da sauran mayakan Kickboxing Academy (AKA) na Amurka sakamakon takaddama game da haƙƙin lasisi na musamman don wasan bidiyo tsakanin AKA da Shugaban UFC Dana White .  An kuma warware rikicin kwana daya bayan haka kuma Wellisch, tare da sauran mayakan AKA, an sake sanya hannu. bayyanarsa ta gaba, Wellisch ya fara bugawa a ''UFC 94'', inda ya sha kashi a hannun Jake O'Brien ta hanyar yanke shawara. Tare da asararsa ta biyu a jere, kuma UFC tana fuskantar yawan mayakan saboda sayen kwangilar WEC na baya-bayan nan, an saki Wellisch daga jerin sunayen UFC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090429094531/http://www.mmaweekly.com/absolutenm/templates/dailynews.asp?articleid=7635&zoneid=13</ref> == Rayuwa bayan MMA == kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta McGeorge, [1] Wellisch ya yanke shawarar yin ritaya daga MMA kuma yanzu yana gudanar da aikin lauya a wajen San Jose, California. Da yake magana game da shawarar da ya yanke na yin ritaya, Wellisch ya ce "Na gaya wa kaina lokacin da na shiga wannan wasan cewa ba zan dauki wani mataki na baya ba", ya kuma ce "Ba zan je yaƙi a cikin ƙananan shirye-shirye ba, ina tsammanin na yanke shawara mai kyau".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://archive.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=121063 |access-date=2024-01-22 |archive-date=2017-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930025708/http://archive.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=121063 |url-status=dead }}</ref> shiga cikin Sojojin Tsaro na California kuma a halin yanzu yana da matsayin Kyaftin.<ref>https://www.leagle.com/decision/infdco20170622a99</ref> == Rubuce-rubuce == ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1975]] as4co02so6g7cl2aeb2dxq3fd63bkp8 974851 974850 2026-11-01T16:02:42Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Christian Wellisch 070313-N-XX123-002.jpg|thumb|Kwararan Dan wasan kwaikwayo ]] '''Christian Wellisch,''' (an [[Haifa Abdelhak|haife]] [[Shi'a|shi]] a [[Ranar Muhalli ta Duniya|ranar]] 13 ga [[Wata|watan]] [[Satumba]], 1975) [[Tsohon Birnin Damascus|tsohon]] ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Hungary-Amurka. Kwararren mai fafatawa daga shekara ta 2001 har zuwa shekara ta 2009, ya fafata wa UFC, WEC, da King of the Cage.<ref>http://mmamania.com/2008/11/19/jon-fitch-christian-wellisch-and-possibly-others-cut-by-ufc/</ref> == Ayyukan zane-zane na mixed == Wellisch ya fara sana'arsa ta sana'a a shekara ta 2001 a matsayin mai gwagwarmaya mai nauyi a cikin ƙananan gabatarwa. A shekara ta 2006, ya ci nasara a kan Dan Evensen wanda ba a ci nasara ba. Tare da rikodin 6-2, Wellisch ya fara buga gasar cin kofin Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) a kan Cheick Kongo a ''UFC 62''. Ya rasa ta hanyar knockout saboda yawon gwiwa a zagaye na farko. Wellisch ya biyo baya da nasarori biyu a kan Anthony Perosh da Scott Junk a ''UFC 66'' da ''UFC 76'' bi da bi. Ya ƙare a ''UFC 84'', inda ba a ci nasara ba mai tasowa Shane Carwin ya buge shi da bugawa a cikin sakan 44 na zagaye na farko, ya buga mai tsaron bakinsa. watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2008, UFC ta saki Wellisch daga kwangilarsa tare da Jon Fitch da sauran mayakan Kickboxing Academy (AKA) na Amurka sakamakon takaddama game da haƙƙin lasisi na musamman don wasan bidiyo tsakanin AKA da Shugaban UFC Dana White .  An kuma warware rikicin kwana daya bayan haka kuma Wellisch, tare da sauran mayakan AKA, an sake sanya hannu. bayyanarsa ta gaba, Wellisch ya fara bugawa a ''UFC 94'', inda kuma ya sha kashi a hannun Jake O'Brien ta hanyar yanke shawara. Tare da asararsa ta biyu a jere, kuma UFC tana fuskantar yawan mayakan saboda sayen kwangilar WEC na baya-bayan nan, an saki Wellisch daga jerin sunayen UFC.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090429094531/http://www.mmaweekly.com/absolutenm/templates/dailynews.asp?articleid=7635&zoneid=13</ref> == Rayuwa bayan MMA == kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta McGeorge, [1] Wellisch ya yanke shawarar yin ritaya daga MMA kuma yanzu yana gudanar da aikin lauya a wajen San Jose, California. Da yake magana game da shawarar da ya yanke na yin ritaya, Wellisch ya ce "Na gaya wa kaina lokacin da na shiga wannan wasan cewa ba zan dauki wani mataki na baya ba", ya kuma ce "Ba zan je yaƙi a cikin ƙananan shirye-shirye ba, ina tsammanin na yanke shawara mai kyau".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://archive.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=121063 |access-date=2024-01-22 |archive-date=2017-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930025708/http://archive.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=121063 |url-status=dead }}</ref> shiga cikin Sojojin Tsaro na California kuma a halin yanzu yana da matsayin Kyaftin.<ref>https://www.leagle.com/decision/infdco20170622a99</ref> == Rubuce-rubuce == ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1975]] nqi0rfvjc74x0bqnpg1sz1b5kjd5xag 0 67649 974891 733057 2026-11-01T16:14:34Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Krzysztof-soszynski.jpg|thumb|Krzysztof Soszynski Dan wasan kwaikwayo]] '''Krzysztof Soszyński''' (pronunciation Polish: [ˈkʂɨʂtɔf sɔˈʂɨɲskji] ; an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1977) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na kasar Poland-Kanada kuma mai yin ritaya. Wani mai fafatawa na shekaru 11 daga 2003 har zuwa shekara ta 2014, Soszynski ya yi yaƙi a cikin UFC, Strikeforce, Los Angeles Anacondas na IFL. Har ila yau, ya kasance mai takara a kan The Ultimate Fighter: Team Nogueira vs. Team Mir .''Babban mayaƙan: Team Nogueira vs. Team Mir .''<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130403123540/http://www.mmajunkie.com/news/2010/07/ufc-116-fighter-bonuses-six-fighters-each-earn-75k-awards</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Krzysztof-soszynski.jpg|thumb|Krzysztof Soszynski]] haifi Soszynski a Stalowa Wola, Poland, inda ya girma har zuwa shekara goma, lokacin da iyalinsa suka koma Winnipeg, Manitoba, Kanada. Soszynski ya buga kwallon kafa da kwallon kafa ga Maples Collegiate, amma daga baya ya juya zuwa horo na nauyi yana da shekaru 16 kafin ya shiga cikin gina jiki kuma daga baya yaƙi na sana'a. A lokacin aikinsa a cikin gwagwarmayar ƙwararru, wanda kuma ya fara tun yana da shekaru 21 kuma ya ƙare yana da shekaru 25, Soszynski ya koyi dabarun judo daban-daban da kuma gabatarwar daga ɗan'uwansa mai gwagwarmaya Bad News Brown, wanda ya lashe lambar tagulla a Judo a wasannin Olympics na 1976. Bayan wannan, Soszynski ya fara aiki a cikin zane-zane kuma ya horar da jiu-jitsu na Brazil a karkashin baƙar fata da mai wasan motsa jiki, Rodrigo Munduruca, a Winnipeg. Soszynski ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai gida a Otal din Fairmont Winnipeg kuma a matsayin mai gabatar da abubuwan MMA na gida a Manitoba .<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110924003818/http://mmajunkie.com/news/25350/igor-pokrajac-vs-krzysztof-soszynski-slated-for-ufc-140-in-toronto.mma</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sbnation.com/mma/2011/2/14/1993841/dan-henderson-and-matt-lindland-ownership-dispute-team-quest-rights-strikeforce |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-01-22 |archive-date=2024-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122214702/https://www.sbnation.com/mma/2011/2/14/1993841/dan-henderson-and-matt-lindland-ownership-dispute-team-quest-rights-strikeforce |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyukan zane-zane na mixed == === ''Babban Mai Yaki'' === Soszynski ya shiga The Ultimate Fighter, inda ya ci Mike Stewart da Kyle Kingsbury a kan hanyar zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe, inda ya sha kashi a hannun kwararren Brazilian jiu-jitsu Vinny Magalhaes.<ref>https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2009/04/stout-wiman-rua-and-soszynski-each-earn-70k-ufc-97-bonuses</ref> === Gasar Gwagwarmaya ta Ƙarshe === Soszynski ya fara fafatawa da tsohon abokin wasan Ultimate Fighter Shane Primm, wanda ya ci nasara ta hanyar miƙa wuya saboda kimura. An ba shi lambar yabo ta Submission of the Night . Yaƙin sa na biyu ya kasance a UFC 97 inda Soszynski ya sake amfani da kimura don lashe lambar yabo ta biyu a jere ta Submission of the Night ta hanyar tilasta tsohon WEC Light heavyweight Champion Brian Stann ya buga zuwa riƙewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.fightline.com/fl/news/2011/1227/546742/ufc-140-jones-vs-machida/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |archive-date=2013-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227114748/http://www.fightline.com/fl/news/2011/1227/546742/ufc-140-jones-vs-machida/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Soszynski na gaba ya shiga a matsayin mai maye gurbin Houston Alexander a UFC 98, inda ya kori André Gusmão a 3:17 a zagaye na farko. Soszynski daga nan  shiga a matsayin maye gurbin Matt Hamill da ya ji rauni don yaƙi da Brandon Vera a UFC 102 a Portland, Oregon . [1] Soszynski ya rasa ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya, ya kawo rikodin UFC zuwa 3-1.  gaba ya fuskanci Stephan Bonnar a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu, 2010, a UFC 110. [1] Soszynski ya ci nasara ta hanyar TKO ta zagaye na uku saboda yankewa, kodayake nasarar ta kasance cikin inuwa ta hanyar haɗari wanda ya haifar da yankewa, ya haifar da gardama game da nasara. Hukumar Kula da Wasanni ta New South Wales ta yi watsi da yakin wanda zai iya haifar da soke shawarar, dangane da lambobin alƙalai bayan zagaye na biyu. Koyaya, sun yanke hukunci game da soke shawarar. Dukkanin mayakan sun bayyana cewa akwai bukatar sakewa. Daga  aka ba da sha'awarsu yayin da biyun suka sake yin gasa a UFC 116. A cikin gwagwarmayar da ta yi kusa, Soszynski ya kama shi da gwiwa daga Bonnar a zagaye na biyu kuma ya ɓace ta hanyar TKO bayan ya ɗauki bugawa da yawa ba tare da amsawa ba. An ba da kyautar ''Yakin Dare'' tare da yaƙin Leben / Akiyama, yana ba wa dukkan mayakan karin $ 75,000 ga albashinsu. Soszynski  fuskanci Goran Reljic a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba, 2010, a UFC 122. [1] Ya lashe yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya.  shirya fuskantar Anthony Perosh a ranar 11 ga Yuni, 2011, a UFC 131. [1] Koyaya, an tilasta Perosh daga wasan tare da rauni kuma Igor Pokrajac ya maye gurbinsa. Pokrajac ma ya ji rauni kuma ya maye gurbinsa da mai dawowa UFC tsohon soja Mike Massenzio. Ya kayar da Massenzio ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya (30-27, 30-26, da 30-27). / Pokrajac ya faru ne a ranar 10 ga Disamba, 2011, a UFC 140. [1] Soszynski ya tashi da wuri tare da madaidaiciya daga Pokrajac, wanda ya bi shi zuwa ƙasa inda ya sauka da yawa wanda ya gama Soszynski, wanda ya haifar da asarar KO. Soszynski bai amsa ba har 'yan mintoci kaɗan bayan yakin. A cikin wani bidiyon da Dana White, shugaban UFC, ya kai ga UFC 141, akwai hotuna na Soszynski bayan da ya rasa Pokrajac kuma an gan shi yana da'awar cewa yana ritaya daga MMA. Daga baya, ya yi iƙirarin cewa ba shi da ƙwaƙwalwar abin da ya faru a cikin bidiyon kuma ya ce makomar sa a cikin yaƙin MMA za ta dogara da abin da likitocinsa suka ce. ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, 2014, Krzysztof ya sanar da ritayar sa daga gasar MMA a kan Inside MMA, yana mai ambaton matsalolin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da suka fara faruwa bayan yaƙin karshe. == Ayyukan fim == Baya  bayyanarsa a cikin shirin talabijin na Ultimate Fighter, Soszynski yana da karamin rawar da ba a san shi ba a cikin wani labari na CSI: Crime Scene Investigation mai taken "S.F.C. - Cage Fighter".  bayyana a fim din Here Comes the Boom a matsayin babban mayaƙin MMA a cikin UFC da sunan Ken "The Executioner" Dietrich. Daga nan sai ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a fim din Tapped Out (2014). Ya fito a matsayin Alpha a cikin 2016 Daylight's End . Soszynski ya taka rawa a fim din ''Logan'' na 2017. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Soszynski  yi aure kuma yana da ɗa daga dangantakar da ta gabata.  farko ya yi aiki a matsayin koci a UFC Gym Torrance, kuma a halin yanzu shi ne Darakta na MMA da Fitness na UFC Gym Gabas ta Tsakiya. Soszynski  kuma kasance yana aiki a matsayin mai sharhi kan launi na Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki tun daga shekarar 2020. == Rubuce-rubuce == jiduwutyxisgsh5uossdkg2cepo0j2n 974892 974891 2026-11-01T16:14:48Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Krzysztof-soszynski.jpg|thumb|Krzysztof Soszynski Dan wasan kwaikwayo]] '''Krzysztof Soszyński''' (pronunciation Polish: [ˈkʂɨʂtɔf sɔˈʂɨɲskji] ; an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1977) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na kasar Poland-Kanada kuma mai yin ritaya. Wani mai fafatawa na shekaru 11 daga 2003 har zuwa shekara ta 2014, Soszynski ya yi yaƙi a cikin UFC, Strikeforce, Los Angeles Anacondas na IFL. Har ila yau, ya kasance mai takara a kan The Ultimate Fighter: Team Nogueira vs. Team Mir .''Babban mayaƙan: Team Nogueira vs. Team Mir .''<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130403123540/http://www.mmajunkie.com/news/2010/07/ufc-116-fighter-bonuses-six-fighters-each-earn-75k-awards</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Krzysztof-soszynski.jpg|thumb|Krzysztof Soszynski]] haifi Soszynski a Stalowa Wola, Poland, inda ya girma har zuwa shekara goma, lokacin da iyalinsa suka koma Winnipeg, Manitoba, Kanada. Soszynski ya buga kwallon kafa da kwallon kafa ga Maples Collegiate, amma daga baya ya juya zuwa horo na nauyi yana da shekaru 16 kafin ya shiga cikin gina jiki kuma daga baya yaƙi na sana'a. A lokacin aikinsa a cikin gwagwarmayar ƙwararru, wanda kuma ya fara tun yana da shekaru 21 kuma ya ƙare yana da shekaru 25, Soszynski ya koyi dabarun judo daban-daban da kuma gabatarwar daga ɗan'uwansa mai gwagwarmaya Bad News Brown, wanda ya lashe lambar tagulla a Judo a wasannin Olympics na shekarar 1976. Bayan wannan, Soszynski ya fara aiki a cikin zane-zane kuma ya horar da jiu-jitsu na Brazil a karkashin baƙar fata da mai wasan motsa jiki, Rodrigo Munduruca, a Winnipeg. Soszynski ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai gida a Otal din Fairmont Winnipeg kuma a matsayin mai gabatar da abubuwan MMA na gida a Manitoba .<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110924003818/http://mmajunkie.com/news/25350/igor-pokrajac-vs-krzysztof-soszynski-slated-for-ufc-140-in-toronto.mma</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sbnation.com/mma/2011/2/14/1993841/dan-henderson-and-matt-lindland-ownership-dispute-team-quest-rights-strikeforce |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-01-22 |archive-date=2024-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122214702/https://www.sbnation.com/mma/2011/2/14/1993841/dan-henderson-and-matt-lindland-ownership-dispute-team-quest-rights-strikeforce |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyukan zane-zane na mixed == === ''Babban Mai Yaki'' === Soszynski ya shiga The Ultimate Fighter, inda ya ci Mike Stewart da Kyle Kingsbury a kan hanyar zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe, inda ya sha kashi a hannun kwararren Brazilian jiu-jitsu Vinny Magalhaes.<ref>https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2009/04/stout-wiman-rua-and-soszynski-each-earn-70k-ufc-97-bonuses</ref> === Gasar Gwagwarmaya ta Ƙarshe === Soszynski ya fara fafatawa da tsohon abokin wasan Ultimate Fighter Shane Primm, wanda ya ci nasara ta hanyar miƙa wuya saboda kimura. An ba shi lambar yabo ta Submission of the Night . Yaƙin sa na biyu ya kasance a UFC 97 inda Soszynski ya sake amfani da kimura don lashe lambar yabo ta biyu a jere ta Submission of the Night ta hanyar tilasta tsohon WEC Light heavyweight Champion Brian Stann ya buga zuwa riƙewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.fightline.com/fl/news/2011/1227/546742/ufc-140-jones-vs-machida/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |archive-date=2013-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227114748/http://www.fightline.com/fl/news/2011/1227/546742/ufc-140-jones-vs-machida/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Soszynski na gaba ya shiga a matsayin mai maye gurbin Houston Alexander a UFC 98, inda ya kori André Gusmão a 3:17 a zagaye na farko. Soszynski daga nan  shiga a matsayin maye gurbin Matt Hamill da ya ji rauni don yaƙi da Brandon Vera a UFC 102 a Portland, Oregon . [1] Soszynski ya rasa ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya, ya kawo rikodin UFC zuwa 3-1.  gaba ya fuskanci Stephan Bonnar a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu, 2010, a UFC 110. [1] Soszynski ya ci nasara ta hanyar TKO ta zagaye na uku saboda yankewa, kodayake nasarar ta kasance cikin inuwa ta hanyar haɗari wanda ya haifar da yankewa, ya haifar da gardama game da nasara. Hukumar Kula da Wasanni ta New South Wales ta yi watsi da yakin wanda zai iya haifar da soke shawarar, dangane da lambobin alƙalai bayan zagaye na biyu. Koyaya, sun yanke hukunci game da soke shawarar. Dukkanin mayakan sun bayyana cewa akwai bukatar sakewa. Daga  aka ba da sha'awarsu yayin da biyun suka sake yin gasa a UFC 116. A cikin gwagwarmayar da ta yi kusa, Soszynski ya kama shi da gwiwa daga Bonnar a zagaye na biyu kuma ya ɓace ta hanyar TKO bayan ya ɗauki bugawa da yawa ba tare da amsawa ba. An ba da kyautar ''Yakin Dare'' tare da yaƙin Leben / Akiyama, yana ba wa dukkan mayakan karin $ 75,000 ga albashinsu. Soszynski  fuskanci Goran Reljic a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba, 2010, a UFC 122. [1] Ya lashe yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya.  shirya fuskantar Anthony Perosh a ranar 11 ga Yuni, 2011, a UFC 131. [1] Koyaya, an tilasta Perosh daga wasan tare da rauni kuma Igor Pokrajac ya maye gurbinsa. Pokrajac ma ya ji rauni kuma ya maye gurbinsa da mai dawowa UFC tsohon soja Mike Massenzio. Ya kayar da Massenzio ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya (30-27, 30-26, da 30-27). / Pokrajac ya faru ne a ranar 10 ga Disamba, 2011, a UFC 140. [1] Soszynski ya tashi da wuri tare da madaidaiciya daga Pokrajac, wanda ya bi shi zuwa ƙasa inda ya sauka da yawa wanda ya gama Soszynski, wanda ya haifar da asarar KO. Soszynski bai amsa ba har 'yan mintoci kaɗan bayan yakin. A cikin wani bidiyon da Dana White, shugaban UFC, ya kai ga UFC 141, akwai hotuna na Soszynski bayan da ya rasa Pokrajac kuma an gan shi yana da'awar cewa yana ritaya daga MMA. Daga baya, ya yi iƙirarin cewa ba shi da ƙwaƙwalwar abin da ya faru a cikin bidiyon kuma ya ce makomar sa a cikin yaƙin MMA za ta dogara da abin da likitocinsa suka ce. ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, 2014, Krzysztof ya sanar da ritayar sa daga gasar MMA a kan Inside MMA, yana mai ambaton matsalolin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da suka fara faruwa bayan yaƙin karshe. == Ayyukan fim == Baya  bayyanarsa a cikin shirin talabijin na Ultimate Fighter, Soszynski yana da karamin rawar da ba a san shi ba a cikin wani labari na CSI: Crime Scene Investigation mai taken "S.F.C. - Cage Fighter".  bayyana a fim din Here Comes the Boom a matsayin babban mayaƙin MMA a cikin UFC da sunan Ken "The Executioner" Dietrich. Daga nan sai ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a fim din Tapped Out (2014). Ya fito a matsayin Alpha a cikin 2016 Daylight's End . Soszynski ya taka rawa a fim din ''Logan'' na 2017. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Soszynski  yi aure kuma yana da ɗa daga dangantakar da ta gabata.  farko ya yi aiki a matsayin koci a UFC Gym Torrance, kuma a halin yanzu shi ne Darakta na MMA da Fitness na UFC Gym Gabas ta Tsakiya. Soszynski  kuma kasance yana aiki a matsayin mai sharhi kan launi na Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki tun daga shekarar 2020. == Rubuce-rubuce == lqdvut6ic4gvkr6y7egaafq1kbfxgv1 974893 974892 2026-11-01T16:14:57Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Krzysztof-soszynski.jpg|thumb|Krzysztof Soszynski Dan wasan kwaikwayo]] '''Krzysztof Soszyński''' (pronunciation Polish: [ˈkʂɨʂtɔf sɔˈʂɨɲskji] ; an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1977) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na kasar Poland-Kanada kuma mai yin ritaya. Wani mai fafatawa na shekaru 11 daga 2003 har zuwa shekara ta 2014, Soszynski ya yi yaƙi a cikin UFC, Strikeforce, Los Angeles Anacondas na IFL. Har ila yau, ya kasance mai takara a kan The Ultimate Fighter: Team Nogueira vs. Team Mir .''Babban mayaƙan: Team Nogueira vs. Team Mir .''<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130403123540/http://www.mmajunkie.com/news/2010/07/ufc-116-fighter-bonuses-six-fighters-each-earn-75k-awards</ref> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Krzysztof-soszynski.jpg|thumb|Krzysztof Soszynski]] haifi Soszynski a Stalowa Wola, Poland, inda ya girma har zuwa shekara goma, lokacin da iyalinsa suka koma Winnipeg, Manitoba, Kanada. Soszynski ya buga kwallon kafa da kwallon kafa ga Maples Collegiate, amma daga baya ya juya zuwa horo na nauyi yana da shekaru 16 kafin ya shiga cikin gina jiki kuma daga baya yaƙi na sana'a. A lokacin aikinsa a cikin gwagwarmayar ƙwararru, wanda kuma ya fara tun yana da shekaru 21 kuma ya ƙare yana da shekaru 25, Soszynski ya koyi dabarun judo daban-daban da kuma gabatarwar daga ɗan'uwansa mai gwagwarmaya Bad News Brown, wanda ya lashe lambar tagulla a Judo a wasannin Olympics na shekarar 1976. Bayan wannan, Soszynski ya fara aiki a cikin zane-zane kuma ya horar da jiu-jitsu na Brazil a ƙarƙashin baƙar fata da mai wasan motsa jiki, Rodrigo Munduruca, a Winnipeg. Soszynski ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai gida a Otal din Fairmont Winnipeg kuma a matsayin mai gabatar da abubuwan MMA na gida a Manitoba .<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110924003818/http://mmajunkie.com/news/25350/igor-pokrajac-vs-krzysztof-soszynski-slated-for-ufc-140-in-toronto.mma</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sbnation.com/mma/2011/2/14/1993841/dan-henderson-and-matt-lindland-ownership-dispute-team-quest-rights-strikeforce |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-01-22 |archive-date=2024-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122214702/https://www.sbnation.com/mma/2011/2/14/1993841/dan-henderson-and-matt-lindland-ownership-dispute-team-quest-rights-strikeforce |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyukan zane-zane na mixed == === ''Babban Mai Yaki'' === Soszynski ya shiga The Ultimate Fighter, inda ya ci Mike Stewart da Kyle Kingsbury a kan hanyar zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe, inda ya sha kashi a hannun kwararren Brazilian jiu-jitsu Vinny Magalhaes.<ref>https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/2009/04/stout-wiman-rua-and-soszynski-each-earn-70k-ufc-97-bonuses</ref> === Gasar Gwagwarmaya ta Ƙarshe === Soszynski ya fara fafatawa da tsohon abokin wasan Ultimate Fighter Shane Primm, wanda ya ci nasara ta hanyar miƙa wuya saboda kimura. An ba shi lambar yabo ta Submission of the Night . Yaƙin sa na biyu ya kasance a UFC 97 inda Soszynski ya sake amfani da kimura don lashe lambar yabo ta biyu a jere ta Submission of the Night ta hanyar tilasta tsohon WEC Light heavyweight Champion Brian Stann ya buga zuwa riƙewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.fightline.com/fl/news/2011/1227/546742/ufc-140-jones-vs-machida/ |access-date=2024-01-22 |archive-date=2013-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227114748/http://www.fightline.com/fl/news/2011/1227/546742/ufc-140-jones-vs-machida/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Soszynski na gaba ya shiga a matsayin mai maye gurbin Houston Alexander a UFC 98, inda ya kori André Gusmão a 3:17 a zagaye na farko. Soszynski daga nan  shiga a matsayin maye gurbin Matt Hamill da ya ji rauni don yaƙi da Brandon Vera a UFC 102 a Portland, Oregon . [1] Soszynski ya rasa ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya, ya kawo rikodin UFC zuwa 3-1.  gaba ya fuskanci Stephan Bonnar a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu, 2010, a UFC 110. [1] Soszynski ya ci nasara ta hanyar TKO ta zagaye na uku saboda yankewa, kodayake nasarar ta kasance cikin inuwa ta hanyar haɗari wanda ya haifar da yankewa, ya haifar da gardama game da nasara. Hukumar Kula da Wasanni ta New South Wales ta yi watsi da yakin wanda zai iya haifar da soke shawarar, dangane da lambobin alƙalai bayan zagaye na biyu. Koyaya, sun yanke hukunci game da soke shawarar. Dukkanin mayakan sun bayyana cewa akwai bukatar sakewa. Daga  aka ba da sha'awarsu yayin da biyun suka sake yin gasa a UFC 116. A cikin gwagwarmayar da ta yi kusa, Soszynski ya kama shi da gwiwa daga Bonnar a zagaye na biyu kuma ya ɓace ta hanyar TKO bayan ya ɗauki bugawa da yawa ba tare da amsawa ba. An ba da kyautar ''Yakin Dare'' tare da yaƙin Leben / Akiyama, yana ba wa dukkan mayakan karin $ 75,000 ga albashinsu. Soszynski  fuskanci Goran Reljic a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba, 2010, a UFC 122. [1] Ya lashe yakin ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya.  shirya fuskantar Anthony Perosh a ranar 11 ga Yuni, 2011, a UFC 131. [1] Koyaya, an tilasta Perosh daga wasan tare da rauni kuma Igor Pokrajac ya maye gurbinsa. Pokrajac ma ya ji rauni kuma ya maye gurbinsa da mai dawowa UFC tsohon soja Mike Massenzio. Ya kayar da Massenzio ta hanyar yanke shawara ɗaya (30-27, 30-26, da 30-27). / Pokrajac ya faru ne a ranar 10 ga Disamba, 2011, a UFC 140. [1] Soszynski ya tashi da wuri tare da madaidaiciya daga Pokrajac, wanda ya bi shi zuwa ƙasa inda ya sauka da yawa wanda ya gama Soszynski, wanda ya haifar da asarar KO. Soszynski bai amsa ba har 'yan mintoci kaɗan bayan yakin. A cikin wani bidiyon da Dana White, shugaban UFC, ya kai ga UFC 141, akwai hotuna na Soszynski bayan da ya rasa Pokrajac kuma an gan shi yana da'awar cewa yana ritaya daga MMA. Daga baya, ya yi iƙirarin cewa ba shi da ƙwaƙwalwar abin da ya faru a cikin bidiyon kuma ya ce makomar sa a cikin yaƙin MMA za ta dogara da abin da likitocinsa suka ce. ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, 2014, Krzysztof ya sanar da ritayar sa daga gasar MMA a kan Inside MMA, yana mai ambaton matsalolin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da suka fara faruwa bayan yaƙin karshe. == Ayyukan fim == Baya  bayyanarsa a cikin shirin talabijin na Ultimate Fighter, Soszynski yana da karamin rawar da ba a san shi ba a cikin wani labari na CSI: Crime Scene Investigation mai taken "S.F.C. - Cage Fighter".  bayyana a fim din Here Comes the Boom a matsayin babban mayaƙin MMA a cikin UFC da sunan Ken "The Executioner" Dietrich. Daga nan sai ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a fim din Tapped Out (2014). Ya fito a matsayin Alpha a cikin 2016 Daylight's End . Soszynski ya taka rawa a fim din ''Logan'' na 2017. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Soszynski  yi aure kuma yana da ɗa daga dangantakar da ta gabata.  farko ya yi aiki a matsayin koci a UFC Gym Torrance, kuma a halin yanzu shi ne Darakta na MMA da Fitness na UFC Gym Gabas ta Tsakiya. Soszynski  kuma kasance yana aiki a matsayin mai sharhi kan launi na Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki tun daga shekarar 2020. == Rubuce-rubuce == 2u5nkqnx9q4u5xg2lm8yqtr0vj40hhg 0 72374 975131 955156 2026-11-02T07:09:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975131 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Diana Andringa img 6581.jpg|thumb|diana andringa]] '''Diana Andringa''' <small>GColL</small> (an haife ta a ranar 21 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1947), 'yar jaridar Kasar Portugal ce, marubuciya, mai shirya fina-finai da kuma furodusa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Portuguese Biographies |url=https://www.portoeditora.pt/responsive/recursos/biografias-portuguesas.pdf |access-date=2021-10-10 |website=portoeditora}}</ref>fi saninta da haɗin gwiwar fim din Guinea-Bissau The Two Faces of War tare da [[Flora Gomes]] .<ref name="DianaA">{{Cite web |title=Diana Andringa |url=http://ceh.ilch.uminho.pt/womanart/?cat=166&lang=en |access-date=2021-10-10 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Andringa a ranar 21 ga watan Agusta 1947 a ƙauyen Dundo na Chitato, Lunda-Norte, Angola . ma'aikacin Diamang ne, wanda daga baya ya shaida wariyar launin fata da rarrabe launin fata daga kamfanin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Oliveira |first=Maria José |title=Diamang. 100 anos da maior empresa do império português: racismo, abusos e trabalhos forçados |url=https://observador.pt/especiais/diamang-100-anos-da-maior-empresa-imperio-portugues-racismo-abusos-e-trabalhos-forcados/ |access-date=2021-10-10 |website=Observador |language=pt-PT}}</ref> haka, ta koma Portugal a shekara ta 1958 tare da dangi kuma ta halarci makarantar sakandare a Portugal. shekara ta 2013, ta kammala digirin digirinta na PhD a fannin zamantakewar sadarwa a ISCTE - Cibiyar Jami'ar Lisbon .<ref name="DianaA" /> In 2013, she completed her PhD degree in Sociology of Communication at [[ISCTE – University Institute of Lisbon]].<ref name="Diana">{{Cite web |last=Studies |first=CES-Centre for Social |title=Diana Andringa |url=https://ces.uc.pt/en/ces/pessoas/investigadoras-es/diana-andringa |access-date=2021-10-10 |website=CES - Centre for Social Studies |language=en}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aiki == A shekara ta 1964, ta shiga Faculty of Medicine na Jami'ar Lisbon . Amma daga baya ta koma aikin jarida tare da labaran jami'a, a shekarar 1965. A shekara ta 1967, ta zama mai ba da gudummawa ga "Diário Popular" da kuma "Diário de Lisboa". A shekara ta 1968, ta halarci darasi na farko a fannin aikin jarida wanda kungiyar 'yan jarida ta Portugal ta aiwatar. haka, ta sami damar shiga ma'aikatan edita na mujallar "Vida Mundial". Bayan ya yi murabus daga mukamin, Andringa ya zama marubucin tallace-tallace. , PIDE ta kama ta, a watan Janairun 1970 kuma ta yanke mata hukuncin watanni 20 a kurkuku saboda goyon bayanta ga 'yancin Angola a fili. Bayan an sake ta daga kurkuku, ta sake fara aikinta na jarida ta hanyar komawa "Diário de Lisboa" a shekarar 1971. A shekara ta 1972, ya koma Paris kuma ya kammala karatun zamantakewa a Jami'ar Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis . Bayan kammala karatunta, ta koma Portugal a 1973. Daga nan sai koma mujallar "Vida Mundial" kuma ta yi aiki daga 1976 zuwa 1977. shekara ta 1978, ya koma aikin jarida na talabijin kuma ya yi aiki a labarai da shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa, kamar Zoom, ''Triangular'', Information 2, Major Reporting da Special Projects. Ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin 'yar jarida a RTP har zuwa shekara ta 2001, inda ta samar da shahararren shirin Artigo 37 da aka watsa a RTP2. A halin yanzu, ta yi aiki a matsayin marubuciya a "Diário de Notícias", "RDP" da "Público". nan sai zama mataimakiyar darakta ta gajeren lokaci na "Diário de Lisboa" daga 1989 zuwa 1990. Daga 1998 zuwa 2001, ya rike mukamin mataimakin darektan labarai a RTP1. Daga 2000 zuwa 2001, ta kasance mataimakiyar darakta ta RTP2. Baya waɗannan mukamai, ta kasance wani ɓangare na Hukumar Ma'aikatan RTP daga 1993 zuwa 1998 kuma ta kasance shugabar Hukumar daga 1996 zuwa 1998. 1998 zuwa 2001, ta rike mukamin shugaban Majalisar Dattijai ta Union of Journalists . [1] halin yanzu, a matsayin malami, ya koyar a Makarantar Ilimi ta Cibiyar Polytechnic ta Setúbal daga 1998 zuwa 1999 kuma a Makarantar Sadarwar Jama'a ta Cibiyar polytechnic ta Lisbon daga 1998 zuwa 2001. Baya ga aikin jarida, Andringa daga baya ya zama mai shirya fina-finai mai zaman kansa. yi fina-finai da yawa masu sukar kamar Timor-Leste, The Crocodile's Dream, The Two Faces of War, Dundo, Colonial Memory, da Tarrafal: Memories from the Campo da Morte Lenta . A shekara ta 1984, ta kasance wani ɓangare na fim din O Lugar do Morto wanda António-Pedro Vasconcelos ya jagoranta. A shekara ta 1997, ta sami Order of Prince Henry kuma a shekara ta 2006, an girmama ta da Babban Jami'in Order of Liberty ta Portuguese Order . matsayinta na marubuciya, [1] ta rubuta littattafai huɗu: Em Defesa de Aquilino Ribeiro (1994), Demasiado! ''Ya wuce kima! Tafiya zuwa duniyar 'yan gudun hijira'' (1996), Ma'aikatan Gaskiya: Kwarewa da Hakkin Jama'a na Ma'aikatan Talabijin na Jama'a (2014) da Joaquim Pinto de Andrade, Kusan Autobiography (2017). [1] cikin 2017, ta sami lambar yabo ta Maria Isabel Barreno saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga aikin jarida. == Hotunan fina-finai == * 1975 - ''Daga rana zuwa ƙasa'' * 1981 - ''Goa, shekaru 20 bayan haka'' * 1983 - ''Aristides na Sousa Mendes, wanda ba shi da adalci'' * 1985 - ''Iraki, ƙasar koguna biyu'' * 1994 - O Caso Big Dan's (game da shari'ar fyade ta Cheryl Araujo) * 1995 - ''Humberto Delgado: a bayyane yake, sun kashe-a'a'' * 1996 - ''Fonseca da Costa: Binciken rayuwa, haske da 'yanci, kuma'' * 1996 - Kotun Gashi: labarin soyayya, Lisbon, shekarun 90''Corte de Cabelo: labarin soyayya, Lisbon, shekarun 90'' * 1996 - Vergílio Ferreira: hoto a minti daya''Vergílio Ferreira: hoton da aka yi a minti daya'' * 1996 - ''Rómulo de Carvalho da Abokinsa António Gedeão'' * 1997 - ''António Ramos Rosa - ina da rai kuma ina rubutu rana'' * 1997 - Jorge de Sena - sadaukarwa mai aminci ga girmamawa na kasancewa da rai''Jorge de Sena - sadaukarwa mai aminci ga girmamawa na rayuwa'' * 1995 - ''Bayyana Kasar'' * 1998 - José Rodrigues Miguéis: mutumin jama'a a tarihin Jamhuriyar''José Rodrigues Miguéis: wani mutum ne na mutane a tarihin Jamhuriyar'' * 2002 - ''A ɓoye'' * 2002 - Timor-Leste: Sonho na Crocodilo''Timor-Leste: Rashin jin daɗin Crocodilo'' * 2002 - ''Injiniya da Ayyuka: Shekaru ɗari na Injiniya a Portugal'' * 2007 - Guiné-Bissau: As duas faces da guerra (wanda aka jagoranta tare da [[Flora Gomes]]) * 2011 - ''Tarrafal - Tarihin Campo da Morte Lenta'' * 2009 - ''Dundo, tarihin mulkin mallaka'' * 2015 - Aikin Angola: Tserewa zuwa Lutar''Ayyukan Angola: Tserewa zuwa Lutar'' == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9d8ixz2vj7sp1peik8fy9m4noqlbm86 0 72691 974865 387115 2026-11-01T16:07:06Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Nawuri''' [[Harsunan Guang|yaren Guang]] ne na [[Ghana]] . Yana da kusan fahimta tare da [[Yaren Kyode|Kyode]] . '''Kabilar Nawuri''' wani yanki ne na kabilar Guan a Ghana kuma suna cikin yankuna biyu: Arewaci da Oti na [[Ghana]] . Su 'yan asali ne a wannan yankuna biyu na Ghana: * A Arewacin Ghana, suna cikin gundumar Kpandai * A yankin Oti, suna cikin Gabashin Kogin Oti daga Kpassa a [[Nkwanta North|Nkwanta ta Arewa]] zuwa Kitare Disane [[Nkwanta South|Nkwanta ta Kudu]] zuwa Njare a [[Krachi East|Gabas ta Krachi]], don haka mahaifar Nawuri. Ƴan ƙabilar Nawuri suna zaune ne a kauyuka goma sha biyu a kusa da babban garin Kpandai, a karshen gabashin gundumar Salaga; a yammacin gabar kogin Volta/Kogin Oti, mai tazarar kilomita 70 daga arewa da Kete Krachi. Noma shine babban aikinsu. Uwayen suna yanke ma ’ya’yansu maki na kabilanci idan sun kai wata 6; dattawa suna ba da sunaye a wata 6 zuwa 8; Sau da yawa ana yiwa yara sunayen kakanni da kakanninsu. Ana gudanar da bikin ƙaddamarwa ga yara maza da mata lokacin da suka kai shekaru 15. Suna sa tufafi na musamman kuma ana tambayar su don gwada balagarsu. Imani na al'ada yana nufin rashin lafiya yakan kasance a je wurin boka don jin ko mutum ya yi wa kaka laifi. Idan haka ne boka zai gane kakan da abin ya shafa kuma ya tsara hadayun da ake bukata, waɗanda ake yi a kan kabarin kakan. An fara gabatar da addinin Kirista ga mutane a cikin 1944 ta Ofishin Jakadancin WEC kuma ƙungiyoyi da yawa yanzu suna aiki a yankin. Nawuri sun yarda da [[Kiristanci]] . A halin yanzu dai musulmi kadan ne a yankin. == Magana == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == [[Category:Harsunan Kwa]] 7yl2x7zratyijm1bbiymk580yf6o4gl 974867 974865 2026-11-01T16:07:25Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Nawuri''' [[Harsunan Guang|yaren Guang]] ne na [[Ghana]] . Yana da kusan fahimta tare da [[Yaren Kyode|Kyode]] . '''Kabilar Nawuri''' wani yanki ne na kabilar Guan a Ghana kuma suna cikin yankuna biyu: Arewaci da Oti na [[Ghana]] . Su 'yan asali ne a wannan yankuna biyu na Ghana: * A Arewacin Ghana, suna cikin gundumar Kpandai * A yankin Oti, suna cikin Gabashin Kogin Oti daga Kpassa a [[Nkwanta North|Nkwanta ta Arewa]] zuwa Kitare Disane [[Nkwanta South|Nkwanta ta Kudu]] zuwa Njare a [[Krachi East|Gabas ta Krachi]], don haka mahaifar Nawuri. Ƴan ƙabilar Nawuri suna zaune ne a kauyuka goma sha biyu a kusa da babban garin Kpandai, a karshen gabashin gundumar Salaga; a yammacin gabar kogin Volta/Kogin Oti, mai tazarar kilomita 70 daga arewa da Kete Krachi. Noma shine babban aikinsu. Uwayen suna yanke ma ’ya’yansu maki na kabilanci idan sun kai wata 6; dattawa suna ba da sunaye a wata 6 zuwa 8; Sau da yawa ana yiwa yara sunayen kakanni da kakanninsu. Ana gudanar da bikin ƙaddamarwa ga yara maza da mata lokacin da suka kai shekaru 15. Suna sa tufafi na musamman kuma ana tambayar su don gwada balagarsu. Imani na al'ada yana nufin rashin lafiya yakan kasance a je wurin boka don jin ko mutum ya yi wa kaka laifi. Idan haka ne boka zai gane kakan da abin ya shafa kuma ya tsara hadayun da ake bukata, waɗanda ake yi a kan kabarin kakan. An kuma fara gabatar da addinin Kirista ga mutane a cikin 1944 ta Ofishin Jakadancin WEC kuma ƙungiyoyi da yawa yanzu suna aiki a yankin. Nawuri sun yarda da [[Kiristanci]] . A halin yanzu dai musulmi kadan ne a yankin. == Magana == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == [[Category:Harsunan Kwa]] 7e4vp8a80pptw1pwyaf3p5vxvqj8g5b 0 73549 974995 973144 2026-11-01T19:51:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974995 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A cikin 2020, Kelechi ta ƙaddamar da bikin zane-zane da fina-finai na ƙauyen (VILLAFFEST) [1] [2] a Owerri, Najeriya don yin bikin zane-zanen asali da fina-filimu.Ta hanyar VILLAFFEST yana so ya karfafa masu son zane-zane da ɓoyayyun ƙwarewa a ƙauyukan Afirka daban-daban.Ya rubuta, ya ba da umarni, ya samar kuma ya fito a fina-finai da yawa da suka lashe lambar yabo waɗanda ke mai da hankali kan batutuwa masu alaƙa da Afirka da haƙƙin ɗan adam.[3]  '''Chijindu Kelechi Eke'''// i shi ne darektan fina-finai na Najeriya na Amurka, injiniyan software, kuma mai ba da agaji. Shi ne wanda ya kafa bikin fina-finai na Afirka (TAFF), wanda ya kafa Village Arts & Film Festival (VILLAFFEST), kuma mai kirkirar sabis na fina-fakka na Afirka Rootflix.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2016-07-07 |title=African Film Festival in Texas Bridges Cultures |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/african-film-festival-texas-bridges-cultures/3408425.html |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=Voice of America |language=en}}</ref> Shi ne kuma wanda ya kafa bikin African Women Arts & Film Festival (AWAFFEST), wanda ke murna da aikin mata na Afirka a fim.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=African Women Arts & Film Festival (AWAFFEST) |url=https://filmfreeway.com/awaffest |website=Filmfreeway}}</ref>Ana amfani da fina-finai da ya fitar a jami'o'in da aka sani a duniya kamar [[Jami'ar Harvard|Harvard]], Yale, [[Jami'ar Stanford|Stanford]], a matsayin kayan bincike don Nazarin [[Afirka]] da Shige da Fice.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Catalog - chijindu kelechi eke - Search Results |url=https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=chijindu+kelechi+eke&offset=1 |website=search.worldcat.org}}</ref><ref name=":17">{{Cite journal |last=Eke |first=Chijindu |date=2012 |title=Lost in Abroad: Have we forgotten our Roots? |url=https://id.lib.harvard.edu/alma/990133641810203941/catalog |journal=Harvard University Library |via=Bigobi Productions}}</ref><ref name=":18">{{Cite journal |last=Eke |first=Chijindu Kelechi |date=2012 |title=Lost in Abroad: Have We Forgotten Our Roots? |url=https://search.library.yale.edu/catalog/11072297 |journal=[[Yale University]] |via=[Dallas, Texas]: Bigobi Productions}}</ref><ref name=":19">{{Cite journal |last=Eke |first=Chijindu Kelechi |date=2012 |title=Lost in abroad: have we forgotten our roots? |url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/9723004 |format=Video Recording |journal=[[Stanford University]] |via=[Dallas, Tex.?], Bigobi Productions.}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Satumba, 2022, Kelechi Eke ya fara wani aikin da ya kira Operation Light up Amafor don shigar da fitilun hasken rana a cikin al'ummarsa.<ref name=":10" /> A lokacin da aka naɗa shi a ranar 26 ga Disamba, 2023, an naɗa shi sarauta a matsayin "Ichie Ihemba" na farko na Imerienwe a [[Imo|Jihar Imo]] ta Najeriya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=fatshimetrie |date=2023-12-16 |title=Kelechi Eke, founder of the TAFF festival, inducted leader of his community for his exceptional contribution to cultural development |url=https://eng.fatshimetrie.org/2023/12/16/kelechi-eke-founder-of-the-taff-festival-inducted-leader-of-his-community-for-his-exceptional-contribution-to-cultural-development/ |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=Fatshimetrie |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218010211/https://eng.fatshimetrie.org/2023/12/16/kelechi-eke-founder-of-the-taff-festival-inducted-leader-of-his-community-for-his-exceptional-contribution-to-cultural-development/ |archive-date=2023-12-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Duk da cewa yana zaune ne a Amurka, an nada Ichie Kelechi Eke a matsayin shugaban kwamitin kungiyar Para-Soccer Association of Imo State a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, 2024 saboda sha'awar da yake da ita ga ci gaban wasanni da kulawa da nakasassu. A ranar 2 ga Satumba, 2024, Ichie Kelechi Eke ya yi kira ga hadin kai a cikin al'ummarsa kuma ya ba da damar farfado da bikin ranar Amafor da aka watsar, wanda yawanci ana gudanar da shi a kowace ranar 27 ga Disamba don kiyaye al'adun al'adu.  &nbsp;Ya canza shi zuwa carnival, wanda ke nuna alamun tufafin gargajiya, wasan kwaikwayo na rawa, da kuma hada sabbin abubuwa kamar gasar wasanni da wasan kwaikwayo mai kyau, wanda ya ba da dama ga mata matasa, gami da tallafin karatu. A ranar 5 ga Oktoba, 2024, Ichie Kelechi Eke ya jagoranci kaddamar da [[Odenigbo Cultural Club|Kungiyar Al'adu ta Odenigbo]], kungiyar da ya kafa a [[Dallas]] don yin bikin [[Al'adun Igbo]] da kuma adana [[Harshen Ibo|Harshen Igbo]] a cikin kasashen waje.Shi da membobin kungiyar suna amfani da wannan dandamali don koyar da yarensu ga 'ya'yansu da aka haifa a kasashen waje da kuma ɗalibai da ke son koyon harshen Igbo. Dangane da kiran da gwamnatin tarayya ta yi wa 'yan Najeriya da ke zaune a kasashen waje su koma gida su saka hannun jari don bunkasa tattalin arzikin kasar, Ichie Kelechi Eke ya bude gidan burodi a [[Owerri]] a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 2025, don samar da aiki da samar da [[Ihemba Bread|Gurasar Ihemba]]. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Kelechi ne a [[Owerri ta Yamma|Amafor]], Imerienwe a [[Imo|Jihar Imo]], wanda ke yankin kudu maso gabashin Najeriya.<ref name=":1" /> Ya girma a garinsu, [[Owerri]], kuma ya koma Amurka bayan makarantar sakandare don ci gaba da karatunsa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ltd |first=Fresco Software Solution Pvt |title=Kelechi Eke {{!}} AFRIFAMU |url=https://www.afrifamu.org/2024/01/31/kelechi-eke/ |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=DAORA BEADS}}</ref> == Ilimi == Kelechi Eke ya fara karatun firamare a makarantar firamare ta LA da ke Amafor, Imerienwe; kuma ya gama a makarantar [[Nekede]] Town, Owerri .Ya sami shiga [[Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati, Owerri]], don karatun sakandare.Bayan iyalinsa suka koma [[Ibadan]], sai ya koma makarantar Apata Community Grammar School don kammala makarantar sakandare. Bayan kammala karatun sakandare a Najeriya, Kelechi ya sami shiga Jami'ar Baptist ta Gabashin Texas, alma mater na mahaifinsa, inda ya sami digiri na farko na Kimiyya a Kimiyya da Kimiyya.Daga baya ya sami Jagora na Kimiyya a Fasahar Bayanai da Jagora na Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Texas a Dallas . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alumni Notes - The University of Texas at Dallas |url=https://development.utdallas.edu/alumni-link/february-2024/ |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=alumni.utdallas.edu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529182349/https://development.utdallas.edu/alumni-link/february-2024/ |archive-date=2024-05-29 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Kelechi ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2009 a matsayin furodusa da kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo a Okra Principle . Ya fara biGObi Productions a cikin 2011 kuma ya ba da umarnin fim din 2012 Lost In Abroad wanda aka nuna a cikin ɗakunan karatu a [[Jami'ar Harvard]], <ref name=":0" /> Jami'ar Yale, <ref name=":17" /> [[Jami'ar Stanford]], <ref name=":19" /> Jami'ar Iowa, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Eke |first=Chijindu Kelechi |date=2012 |title=Lost in Abroad : Have We Forgotten Our Roots? / a Kelechi Eke Film |url=https://search.lib.uiowa.edu/permalink/f/9i2ftm/01IOWA_ALMA21436720730002771 |format=DVD |journal=[[University of Iowa]] |via=Bigobi Productions}}</ref> Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma [3] da Jami'ar Wisconsin-Madison, da Madison General Library System.<ref name=":18" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Eke |first=Chijindu Kelechi |date=2012 |title=Lost in Abroad : Have We Forgotten Our Roots? |url=https://search.library.northwestern.edu/permalink/01NWU_INST/h04e76/alma9963769044202441 |format=Video |journal=[[Northwestern University]] |via=Bigobi Productions}}</ref> Ya kuma ba da umarnin fim din 2013 False Engagement da fim din 2014 The Stepchild . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Stepchild |url=https://www.tvguide.com/movies/the-stepchild/2030207327/ |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en}}</ref> A shekara ta 2015, ya kafa Bikin fina-finai na [[Afirka]] (TAFF), kuma ya gudanar da bugu na farko a [[Dallas|Dallas, Texas]] . <ref name=":3" /> TAFF kungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce aka sadaukar da ita don samar da shirye-shiryen jagoranci ga masu shirya fina-finai marasa galihu na asalin Afirka; karfafa fasahar ba da labari; da kuma koyar da al'adun Afirka ta hanyar fina-fukkuna, zane-zane, da ba da labari.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-01 |title=The African Film Festival - TAFF |url=https://filmfreeway.com/taff |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=FilmFreeway |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2017, ya fara zane da injiniya na [[Rootflix]], dandamali mai gudana don fina-finai na al'adu da yawa, kuma ya ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2019 . Aikace-aikacen Rootflix yana samuwa don saukewa a cikin App Store (Apple) da kuma Google Play. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-10 |title=ROOTFLIX |url=https://apps.apple.com/us/app/rootflix/id1543775763 |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=App Store |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rootflix - Apps on Google Play |url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.rootflix.rootflix1&hl=en_US&pli=1 |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=play.google.com |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2019, Kelechi ta ƙaddamar da bikin Fasaha da Fim na Mata na Afirka (AWAFFEST) <ref name=":8" /> a [[Dar es Salaam]] .Bikin yana godiya da zane-zane da labarun mata kuma ana shirya shi a kasashe daban-daban na Afirka bayan fitowar farko a Tanzania.Tun daga wannan lokacin, an gudanar da shi kusan saboda cutar, kuma a Zambia da Gambiya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=editorial |date=2025-04-07 |title=ROOTFLIX PRESENTS: AWAFFEST 2025 - THE 6TH EDITION |url=https://dallasweekly.com/2025/04/awaffest-2025-celebrating-women/ |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=Dallas Weekly |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2025, Kelechi ya kara wani kamfani ga fayil dinsa ta hanyar bude gidan burodi a garinsu, ta hanyar da ya dauki matasa sama da 25 aiki don samar da [[Ihemba Bread|Gurasar Ihemba]], don taimakawa wajen rage rashin aikin yi a matakin kasa da kuma mayar da al'umma. == Sarauta == Kelechi Eke ya naɗa Ichie Ihemba 1 na Imerienwe saboda ƙaunar da yake yi wa mutanensa, jajircewa ga ci gaban al'ummarsa, da sha'awar adanawa da bikin al'adunsu."Ihe" yana nufin haske kuma "mba" yana nufin al'umma.Ihemba na nufin ''Hasken Al'umma''.<ref name=":1" /> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Taken !Irin wannan !Matsayi !Shekara !Bayani |- |Ya ɓace a Ƙasashen Waje |Wasan kwaikwayo |Marubuci, Darakta |2012 |<ref>{{Cite web |last=tosan |date=2012-02-26 |title="Lost in Abroad" premiere's at the Majestic Theater |url=https://trendyafrica.com/lost-in-abroad-premieres-at-the-majestic-theater/ |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=Trendy Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |Ƙaddamarwa ta Ƙarya |Wasan kwaikwayo |Marubuci, Actor, Daraktan |2013 | |- |Lokacin Afirka |Wasan kwaikwayo |Dan wasan kwaikwayo, Darakta |2014 | |- |Rashin kuka |Wasan kwaikwayo |Daraktan |2014 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weeping Ashes - A Kelechi Eke Film |url=https://id.lib.harvard.edu/alma/990145400130203941/catalog |website=[[Harvard University]] Library}}</ref> |- |Sauran kabilun |Wasan kwaikwayo |Daraktan |2015 | |- |Black Pot |Shirye-shiryen talabijin |Daraktan |2015 |<ref>{{Cite web |year=2015 |title=The Black Pot |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4733904/ |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |- |Akwuna |Gajeren fim |Mai wasan kwaikwayo |2022 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Veteran Nollywood actress, Stella Damasus, others stars in Akwụna |url=https://www.boomplay.com/buzz/3024862 |website=Boomplay}}</ref> |- |Ihemba |Hotuna |Mai gabatarwa |2024 |<ref>{{Cite web |year=2024 |title=IHEMBA - Ichie Royalty Documentary |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt30824476/ |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> |} == Kyaututtuka == === Kyautar Fim === 2012 - Mafi kyawun Mai Fim na Afirka da ke zaune a kasashen waje, [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim na Afirka]] . <ref>{{Cite web |year=2012 |title=Best Filmmaker Living Abroad |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3734802/awards/ |website=[[Africa Movie Academy Awards]] [[IMDb]]}}</ref> 2015 - Kyautar Kyauta a Bikin Fim na Kyauta, California . <ref>{{Cite web |year=2015 |title=Awareness Film Festival, CA |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3734802/awards/ |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Maris, 2024, ya sami lambar yabo ta girmamawa daga Ambassadors na Mata na Jihar Imo don tallafawa mata da ci gaban 'ya'ya mata, da kuma karfafa matasa a cikin Jiha. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2a9snenk1gsfvb3arjzjwrqua2gr7od 0 73913 974848 683473 2026-11-01T16:01:35Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}} {{Infobox ethnic group|group=Budu people|population=|region1=[[Ituri Forest]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]|pop1=350,000<ref name=Joshua/>|ref1=|region2=|pop2=|ref2=|languages=[[Budu language]], French|religions=|related=|footnotes=}} '''Mutanen Budu''' (Babudu) ’ [[Mutanen Bantu|yan kabilar Bantu]] ne da ke zaune a yankin Wamba da ke lardin [[Gabashin Afirka|Gabashin]] [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango]]. Suna jin yaren Budu. == Wuri == Mutanen Budu suna zaune a bangarorin biyu na [[Kogin Nepoko]], suna magana da yaruka daban-daban. Sai dai mutanen yankin Ibambi na [[kogin]] da na ɓangaren Wamba sun dauka kansu al'umma daya ne. Yankin Budu yana cikin dajin ruwan sama na wurare masu zafi. Ya keɓe, da hanyoyin da ababen hawa ba sa shiga banda kekuna. == Tattalin Arziki == Mutanen Budu galibi suna rayuwa ne ta hanyar noma, noman rogo, dawa, masara, shinkafa, gyada, ciyayi da ƙwaya. Man dabino shine babban amfanin gona na kuɗi, yana ba da kuɗin shiga kowane mutum kusan dala 120 a shekara. Kiwon dabbobi ba kasafai ba ne, iyaka ga kiwon kaji da wasu awaki. Suna samun nama da sauran albarkatun gandun daji ta hanyar kasuwanci da mutanen Mbuti (Alayi), waɗanda suke yarensu. <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=1–83}}</ref> Mutanen suna sanye da rigar gindi da aka yi da bawon tsiya, ko tufafin yammacin duniya. Suna zaune ne a cikin bukkoki da ke da katangar laka, ciyayi da ganyen dabino. == Al'adu == Ƙungiyar iyali ta iyali ce. Ana yin shawarwari masu mahimmanci ta hanyar amincewar dattawa. Duka cocin Katolika da kuma, daga baya [[WEC International]] (Biyayya ta Duniya ga Kristi), sun yi aiki tare da Budu. [[Charles Stud|Charles Studd]], wanda ya kafa WEC, ya mutu a yankin Budu kuma an binne shi a [[Ibambi]] . == Manazarta == .mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}{{Ethnic groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}{{Authority control}} 3tpjslgx2dpsel9ibi6fucjtnop68zw 974849 974848 2026-11-01T16:01:48Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}} {{Infobox ethnic group|group=Budu people|population=|region1=[[Ituri Forest]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]|pop1=350,000<ref name=Joshua/>|ref1=|region2=|pop2=|ref2=|languages=[[Budu language]], French|religions=|related=|footnotes=}} '''Mutanen Budu''' (Babudu) ’ [[Mutanen Bantu|yan kabilar Bantu]] ne da ke zaune a yankin Wamba da ke lardin [[Gabashin Afirka|Gabashin]] [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Dimokaradiyyar Kwango]]. Suna jin yaren Budu. == Wuri == Mutanen Budu suna zaune a ɓangarorin biyu na [[Kogin Nepoko]], suna magana da yaruka daban-daban. Sai dai mutanen yankin Ibambi na [[kogin]] da na ɓangaren Wamba sun dauka kansu al'umma daya ne. Yankin Budu yana cikin dajin ruwan sama na wurare masu zafi. Ya keɓe, da hanyoyin da ababen hawa ba sa shiga banda kekuna. == Tattalin Arziki == Mutanen Budu galibi suna rayuwa ne ta hanyar noma, noman rogo, dawa, masara, shinkafa, gyada, ciyayi da ƙwaya. Man dabino shine babban amfanin gona na kuɗi, yana ba da kuɗin shiga kowane mutum kusan dala 120 a shekara. Kiwon dabbobi ba kasafai ba ne, iyaka ga kiwon kaji da wasu awaki. Suna samun nama da sauran albarkatun gandun daji ta hanyar kasuwanci da mutanen Mbuti (Alayi), waɗanda suke yarensu. <ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=1–83}}</ref> Mutanen suna sanye da rigar gindi da aka yi da bawon tsiya, ko tufafin yammacin duniya. Suna zaune ne a cikin bukkoki da ke da katangar laka, ciyayi da ganyen dabino. == Al'adu == Ƙungiyar iyali ta iyali ce. Ana yin shawarwari masu mahimmanci ta hanyar amincewar dattawa. Duka cocin Katolika da kuma, daga baya [[WEC International]] (Biyayya ta Duniya ga Kristi), sun yi aiki tare da Budu. [[Charles Stud|Charles Studd]], wanda ya kafa WEC, ya mutu a yankin Budu kuma an binne shi a [[Ibambi]] . == Manazarta == .mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}{{Ethnic groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}{{Authority control}} keyg3erqiie02ikxad2k1ntupw3ea6t 0 74141 975072 394716 2026-11-01T23:38:48Z Alfurqan 14918 975072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An gudanar da bikin bayar da '''lambar yabo ta shekarar 2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards''' a tsakanin ranakun 18 zuwa ranar 20 ga watan Mayun shekarar 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-24 |title=Date For 2023 Awards Announced By AMCVA |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/life/date-for-2023-awards-announced-by-amcva/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423092946/https://editor.guardian.ng/life/date-for-2023-awards-announced-by-amcva/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-24 |title=AMVCA 2023 to hold in May |url=https://punchng.com/amvca-2023-to-hold-in-may/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> Taron ya haɗa da jerin ayyukan da aka riga aka nuna tare da ainihin kyautar da aka gudanar a ranar 20 ga watan Mayu 2023.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Full List: Here are all our AMVCA 9 Nominees |url=https://dstv-fe-africamagic-prod.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/africamagic/en-ng/show/amvca/season/9/news/full-list-here-are-all-our-amvca-9-nominees/news |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=AMVCA - Full List: Here are all our AMVCA 9 Nominees |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=July 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jaruman [[Bisola Aiyeola]], [[Adjetey Anang]], Jasmine Olarotimi da Nifemi Lawal ne suka bayyana sunayen mutanen a ranar Lahadi, 16 ga watan Afrilu, 2023 a wani biki.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2023-04-22 |title=AMVCA 2023: And The Big Nominees Are… |url=https://guardian.ng/life/amvca-2023-and-the-big-nominees-are/ |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> Jimillar rukunoni 12 ne aka buɗe don kaɗa kuri'a a bainar jama'a, yayin da sauran rukunin 21 suka yanke hukunci a ƙarƙashin kwamitin alkalan da [[Femi Odugbemi]] ya jagoranta. Mafi yawan naɗin da aka yi an samu ne ta hanyar fitaccen fim ɗin [[Kunle Afolayan]], [[Aníkúlápó|''Anikulapo'']]. Wanda ya lashe kyautar mafi kyawun sautin sauti ya sami kyautar ₦1 miliyan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ige |first=Tofarati |date=2023-03-17 |title=AMVCA returns, to hold for eight days |url=https://punchng.com/amvca-returns-to-hold-for-eight-days/ |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Oshunloye |first=Taiwo |date=2023-03-17 |title=AMVCA announces 2023 edition -- to hold for eight days |url=http://lifestyle.thecable.ng/amvca-announces-2023-edition-to-hold-for-eight-days/ |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=TheCable Lifestyle |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kyautattuka == An jera waɗanda suka yi nasara a cikin '''boldface''' {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Actress In A Comedy/TV Series ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Actor In A Comedy Drama, Movie Or TV Series |- | valign="top" | * ''[[Battle on Buka Street]]'' – [[Mercy Johnson]] * ''[[Battle on Buka Street]]'' – [[Funke Akindele]] * ''Passport'' – [[Mercy Johnson]] * '''''Selina''''' – '''[[Bimbo Ademoye]]''' * ''Visa on Arrival'' – Albert Oluwatoyin * ''Married to Work'' – Grace Wacuka | valign="top" | * ''[[The Razz Guy (fim)|The Razz Guy]]'' – Nosa Afolabi * '''''Inside Life'' – [[Broda Shaggi|Samuel Perry 'Broda Shaggi'<nowiki/>]]''' * ''Unintentional'' – [[Frank Donga|Kunle Idowu]] * ''Inside Life'' – Adokiye Horsfall 'Romeo_WJ' * ''[[Battle on Buka Street]]'' – [[Nkem Owoh]] * ''Survivors'' – [[Broda Shaggi|Samuel Perry 'Broda Shaggi']] * ''Just Friends'' – Charles Etubiebi * ''City Hustler'' – [[Charles Inojie]] * ''[[Aki and Pawpaw]]'' – [[Chinedu Ikedieze]] * ''Inside Life'' – [[Nedu Wazobia|Nedu Ani (Nedu Wazobia)]] |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Supporting Actress ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Supporting Actor |- | valign="top" | * ''On Your Own'' – [[Ivie Okujaye]] * ''[[Brother hood 2022)|Brotherhood]]'' – [[Toni Tones]] * ''[[Aníkúlápó|Anikulapo]]'' – [[Sola Sobowale]] * ''Love in a Pandemic'' – [[Teniola Aladese]] * '''''Four Four Forty Four''  – [[Efe Irele]]''' * ''Kofa'' – Gina Castel | valign="top" | * ''County 49'' – James Webbo * ''[[Aníkúlápó|Anikulapo]]'' – [[Yinka Quadri]] * ''[[The Razz Guy (fim)|The Razz Guy]]'' – Bucci Franklin * ''[[Aníkúlápó|Anikulapo]]'' – [[Taiwo Hassan]] * ''[[Brother hood 2022)|Brotherhood]]'' – [[OC Ukeje]] * '''''Gacal'' – Abdisattar Ahmed''' * ''Bedroom Chains'' – Jeffroberts Walusimbi |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Actress In A Drama, Movie Or TV Series ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Actor In A Drama, Movie Or TV Series |- | valign="top" | * ''[[Aníkúlápó|Anikulapo]]'' – [[Bimbo Ademoye]] * ''Flawsome'' – [[Ini Dima-Okojie]] * ''Ile Owo'' – Immaculata Oko Kasum * '''[[Man of God (2022 film)|''Man of God'']]''' – '''[[Osas Ighodaro]]''' * ''Flawsome'' – Enado Odigie * ''[[The Planter's Plantation (fim)|The Planter's Plantation]]'' – Nimo Loveline * ''Strained'' – [[Queen Nwokoye]] * <nowiki><i id="mwwA">Shanty Town</i></nowiki> – [[Nse Ikpe-Etim]] * ''Shanty Town'' – [[Ini Edo]] * ''Wura'' – [[Scarlet Gomez]] | valign="top" | * ''Shanty Town'' – [[Chidi Mokeme]] * ''The Trade'' – [[Blossom Chukwujekwu]] * ''[[All the Colours of the World Are Between Black and White]]'' – [[Tope Tedela]] * ''[[King of Thieves (fim, 2022)|King of Thieves (Agesinkole)]]'' – [[Femi Adebayo]] * ''Black Mail'' – [[OC Ukeje|O.C. Ukeje]] * [[Tembele (fim na 2022)|''Tembele'']] – Nkakalukanyi Patriq * [[Kofa (fim 2022)|''Kofa'']] – [[Daniel Etim Effiong|Daniel Etim-Effiong]] * ''Choke'' – Chimezie Imo * '''[[Brother hood 2022)|''Brotherhood'']] – [[Tobi Bakre]]''' * ''Four Four Forty Four'' – [[Richard Mofe-Damijo|Richard Mofe Damijo]] |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Short Film or Online Video ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Indigenous Language – Yoruba |- | valign="top" | * ''Teju's Tale'' – Teniola Zara King * ''The Song Maiden –'' Nkem Nwaturuocha * ''Sixteen Rounds'' – Usama Mukwaya, Loukman Ali * ''Away''  – Victor Onwudiwe & Goodnews Erico Isika * '''''Pa Aromire'' – Adeoye Adetunji''' * ''Convictus'' – Gbenga Salu * ''Love Language'' – Uzoamaka Aniunoh | valign="top" | * '''''[[Aníkúlápó|Anikulapo]]'<nowiki/>'' – [[Kunle Afolayan]]''' * ''Ogeere Ololade'' – Tijani-Ebong * ''Abebi Seranko Seniyan'' – Funmi Bank Anthony & Abdullahi Abdulrasaq * ''Mr Raji'' – Okusanya Bayonle Samson * ''Morenikeji'' – Karamot Adeboye |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Indigenous Language – Hausa ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Indigenous Language – Igbo |- | valign="top" | * '''''Aisha'' – Abubakar Bashir Maishadda''' * ''Kwana Casa'In'' – Evans Ejiogu * ''Lulu Da A'' – Ty Shaban * ''Guzama'' – Nancy Yiljep | valign="top" | * ''Ifediche'' – Brown Ene, Victor Onwudiwe & Ben Cassie * ''The Bride Price (Imego'') – Trinity Ugonabo * '''''Uhuruchi'' – Victor Iyke''' * ''Ijeoma'' – Shileola A. Ibironke * ''Ego Mbute'' – Shileola A. Ibironke |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Indigenous Language – Swahili ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Art Director |- | valign="top" | * ''Safari'' – Phoebe Ruguru & Njue Kevin * ''Barakatatu'' – Malcom Hamisi * '''''Click Click Bang'' – Philip Karanja Njenga''' * ''Frida'' – Wilson Nkya & Jane Moshi * ''Mpiganaji'' – Daniel Manege * ''Dau'' – Freddy Feruzi * ''Mvanmizi (The Intruder)'' – Wilson Nkya | valign="top" | * ''[[Brother hood 2022)|Brotherhood]]'' – Olugbenga Ogunshina and Joy Kadiri * ''[[Crime and Justice Lagos|Crime & Justice]]'' – Pat Nebo & Temple Chima Adighije * '''''[[King of Thieves (fim, 2022)|King of Thieves (Agesinkole)]]'' – Wale Adeleke''' * ''[[Battle on Buka Street]]'' – Olatunji Afolayan * ''Shanty Town'' – Olalekan Isiaka * ''Almajiri'' – Toka Mcbaror * ''[[Diiche]]'' – Uche Nwaohiri & Tunde Lawal |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Costume Designer ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Lighting Designer |- | valign="top" | * ''Four Four Forty Four''  – Millicent Jack * ''[[Brother hood 2022)|Brotherhood]]'' – Ezugworie Franca * ''[[Man of God (2022 film)|Man of God]]'' – Bolanle Austen-Peters, Clement Effanga, Juliana Dede * ''[[Aníkúlápó|Anikulapo]]'' – Toyin Ogundeji * '''''[[Shirin "The Real Housewives of Lagos"|The Real Housewives of Lagos]] Reunion Episode'' – Adeola Art-Alade''' * ''Shanty Town'' – Bunmi Fashina, Tiannah Empire & Secrets of April * ''Nnewi the Land of Gold'' – Kingsley Okoye Rex | valign="top" | * ''[[Crime and Justice Lagos|Crime & Justice]]'' – Francis Wanyahdeh * '''''[[Brother hood 2022)|Brotherhood]]''''' – '''Mathew Yusuf''' * ''[[Aníkúlápó|Anikulapo]]'' – Lanre Omofaiye * ''Shanty Town'' – Walter Odhiambo * ''Ile Owo'' – Ismail Adewunmi * ''Four Four Forty Four''  – Muri Salami * ''Diiche'' – Francis Wanyahdeh & Ebuka Enejere * ''Real Housewives of Lagos'' – Renaldo Van Den Berg, Emmanuel Patrick, David Otuokere * ''Tarella'' – Godwin Lawal * ''Flawsome'' – Segun Adeleke |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Picture Editor ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Sound Editor |- | valign="top" | * ''[[Brother hood 2022)|Brotherhood]]'' – Martini Akande * '''''[[Crime and Justice Lagos|Crime & Justice]]'' – Holmes Awa & Daniel Tom''' * ''[[Aníkúlápó|Anikulapo]]'' – Temitope Folarin * ''Ile Owo'' – Adio Solanke * ''[[King of Thieves (fim, 2022)|King of Thieves (Agesinkole)]]'' – Sanjo Adegoke * ''Tembele'' – Kimera Paul * ''[[Diiche]]'' – Banjo Onyekachi, Winston Aig-Ohioma, Oluwaseun Adeosun * ''Ijakumo the Born Again Stripper'' – Steve Sodiya * ''[[Battle on Buka Street]]'' – Valentine Chukwuma | valign="top" | * ''Shanty Town'' – Kolade Kayode Morakinyo * ''Ile Owo'' – Dare Olaitan & Adio Solanke * ''[[Battle on Buka Street]]'' – Kolade Morakinyo & Pius Fatoke * ''Black Mail'' – Shiloh Godson * '''''[[Aníkúlápó|Anikulapo]]'' – Anu Afolayan''' * ''Ijakumo the Born Again Stripper'' – Kazeem Agboola * ''Obara' M'' – Q Rodney Abia, Angelo Anosike & [[Kayode Kasum]] * ''Bedroom Chains'' – Ismail Kyobe Ssebowa * ''The Set Up 2'' – Grey Jones * ''Click Click Bang'' – Fredrick Karumba * ''L.I.F.E'' – Abiola Olayinka, Gomez Tito and Tolu Obanro |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Sound Track ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Make Up |- | valign="top" | * '''''[[Aníkúlápó|Anikulapo]]'' – Kent Edunjobi''' * ''[[King of Thieves (fim, 2022)|King of Thieves (Agesinkole)]]'' – Adam Songbird & Tolu Obanro * ''Shanty Town'' – Jaysynths & Hotkid * ''Black Mail'' – Joel Christian Goffin * ''[[Battle on Buka Street]]'' – Gbas Gbos by Tolu Obanro & Adam Songbird * ''Obara' M'' – Q Rodney Abia, Angelo Anosike & [[Kayode Kasum]] * ''L.I.F.E.'' – Abiola Olayinka, Gomez Tito and Tolu Obanro | valign="top" | * ''[[Aníkúlápó|Anikulapo]]'' – Hakeem Effects Onilogbo * '''''Shanty Town'' – Maryam Ndukwe & Hakeem Effects Onilogbo''' * ''[[King of Thieves (fim, 2022)|King of Thieves (Agesinkole)]]'' – Francisca Otaigbe * ''The Trade'' – Carina SFX * ''Tarella'' – Sandra Oyiana-Ogbeni * ''Ile Owo'' – Feyzo Artistry * ''[[Battle on Buka Street]]'' – Hakeem Effects Onilogbo & Jemila Sedik |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Writer ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Cinematographer |- | valign="top" | * ''The Trade'' – [[Jadesola Osiberu|Jade Osiberu]] * ''Kanaani'' – Tunde Apalowo & Jeffery Musa David * ''[[Diiche]]'' (Episode 5) – Sodi Kurubo, Stephanie Dadet & Victor Aghahowa * ''[[Battle on Buka Street]]'' – [[Funke Akindele]], Jack'enneth Opukeme, Stephen Oluboyo & Jemine Edukugho * ''[[King of Thieves (fim, 2022)|King of Thieves (Agesinkole)]]'' – Yinka Laoye * ''Choke''  – Uche Ateli * '''''[[Aníkúlápó|Anikulapo]]'' – Sola Dada''' | valign="top" | * ''[[Crime and Justice Lagos|Crime & Justice]]'' – Yinka Edward * ''Tembele'' – Ekuka Ishaq * ''Shanty Town'' – Jonathan Kovel * '''''[[Brother hood 2022)|Brotherhood]]''''' – '''Loukman Ali''' * ''[[Diiche]]'' – Charles Oleghe * ''Ijakumo the Born Again Stripper'' – Idowu Adedapo * ''[[Shirin "The Real Housewives of Lagos"|The Real Housewives of Lagos]]'' – Mex Ossai, Philip Okpokoro, Esmond Igho, KC Obiajulu & Goke Oyerinde * ''[[Aníkúlápó|Anikulapo]]'' – Jonathan Kovel * ''Flawsome'' – Idowu Adedapo (Mr Views) * ''Jolly Roger'' – Paul Gambit |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Movie Southern Africa ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Movie East Africa |- | valign="top" | * ''Silver Lining'' – Emmanuel Mwape * '''''Jewel'' – Elvis Chucks''' * ''Ke Bona Spoko'' – Leburugraphy | valign="top" | * '''''Click Click Bang'' – Philip Karanja Njenga''' * ''Karamoja'' – Eleanor Nwabiso * ''Bedroom Chains'' – Hassan Mageye * ''Baba Twins'' – Lucy Mwangi * ''Married to Work'' – Nadira Shakur * ''Dial M For Maya'' – Gashumba Emmanuel * ''Tembele'' – Mugisha Herbert Morris * ''Gacal'' – Omar Hamza * ''Mvamizi (The Intruder)'' – Wilson Nkya & Philipo Ngonyani * ''Frida'' – Wilson Nkya & Jane Moshi |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Movie West Africa ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Overall Movie |- | valign="top" | * ''Four Four Forty Four''  – Winifred Mena Ajakpovi * ''[[Aníkúlápó|Anikulapo]]'' – Kunle Afolayan * ''Kanaani'' – Rent-A-Studio & Native Media TV * ''Obara' M'' – [[Kayode Kasum]] * ''Choke'' – [[Chris Odeh]] * '''''[[Brother hood 2022)|Brotherhood]] –'' [[Jadesola Osiberu|Jade Osiberu]]''' * ''Red Carpet'' – Samira Yakubu | valign="top" | * '''''[[Aníkúlápó|Anikulapo]]''   – [[Kunle Afolayan]]''' * ''[[Battle on Buka Street]]'' – [[Funke Akindele]] * ''[[Brother hood 2022)|Brotherhood]]'' – [[Jadesola Osiberu|Jade Osiberu]] * ''[[King of Thieves (fim, 2022)|King of Thieves (Agesinkole)]]'' – [[Femi Adebayo]] * ''Four Four Forty Four''  – Winfred Mena-Ajakpovi * ''Ile Owo'' – [[Kayode Kasum]] * ''Tembele'' – Mugisha Herbet Morris |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Television Series ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |The Multichoice Talent Factory |- | valign="top" | * '''''[[Crime and Justice Lagos|Crime & Justice]]'' – Yinka Edward''' * ''[[Diiche]]'' – James Omokwe * ''The Plan'' – Dimbo Atiya, Rahama Sadau, Safina Mellisa * ''When are we getting married'' – Ife Olujuyigbe, Kayode Kasum * ''Visa on Arrival'' (Season 1) – [[Bovi|Bovi Ugboma]], Ann Obaseki * ''[[Shirin "The Real Housewives of Lagos"|The Real Housewives of Lagos]]'' – Adeola Art-Alade & Dare Art Alade * ''Single Kiasi'' – Grace Kahaki & Philippe Bresson * ''Flawsome'' – Tola Odunsi & Akin Akinkugbe * ''County 49'' – Millicent Ogutu * ''Game On'' (Season 2) –Vincent Nwachukwu | valign="top" | * '''''Leaked''''' * ''Revisit'' * ''Stinger'' * ''Cheza'' * ''A Quiet Intruder'' * ''Strings'' |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Director ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Documentary |- | valign="top" | * ''Black Mail'' – [[Obi emelonye|Obi Emelonye]] * ''[[Aníkúlápó|Anikulapo]]'' – [[Kunle Afolayan]] * ''[[All the Colours of the World Are Between Black and White]]'' – Babatunde Apalowo * '''''[[Brother hood 2022)|Brotherhood]]'' – Loukman Ali''' * ''Shanty Town'' – Dimeji Ajibola * ''Tembele'' – Mugisha Herbert Morris * ''[[King of Thieves (fim, 2022)|King of Thieves (Agesinkole)]]'' – Adebayo Tijani & Tope Adebayo * ''The Trade'' – [[Jadesola Osiberu|Jade Osiberu]] * ''Man of God'' – [[Bolanle Austen-Peters]] * ''[[Diiche]]'' – Tolu Ajayi, Fiyin Gambo, Ifeoma Chukwuogo & James Omokwe | valign="top" | * ''Awaiting Trial'' – Chude Jideowo * ''100 of Us'' – Best Okoduwa * ''Truck Blind Spot'' – Nathaniel George * ''Green: The Amazons'' – Charles F. Solomon, Oluchi Nsofor, Aaron Olayemi & Famous Odion * '''''Nigeria: The Debut'' – [[Nora Awolowo]]''' * ''Way to the Top'' – Charles F. Solomon * ''Baby Blues'' – Nora Awolowo |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Online Social Content Creator ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Original Drama Series |- | valign="top" | * ''Nollywood Epic Love Story Parody (The Finale)'' – Tee Kuro * ''Husband’s Side Chick'' – Steve Chuks * ''My Sweet Mother Inlaw'' – Isbae U * ''VIP Bathroom'' – Abiola * '''Back From the Future''' – '''Elozonam & Kiekie''' * ''Quick Pronunciations'' – Kenzy Udosen * ''Soldiers at War (Compilation)'' – Oluwadolarz & Abayomi Alvin * ''The Activist'' – Edem Victor * ''Fake Alert with [[Mercy Johnson]]'' – Adeaga Bukunmi * ''Iya Barakat Teropi Secxxion''  – [[Bimbo Ademoye]] | valign="top" | * ''Unmarried'' * '''''Ricordi'''''<ref name="BBC News Pidgin 2023" /> * ''The Rishantes'' * ''To Have and to Hold'' * ''Accra Medic'' * ''Dirty Laundry'' * ''Njila'' * ''Pete'' * ''Junior Drama Club'' * ''A Infiltrada'' * ''Pazia'' |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Original Comedy Series ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Unscripted Original |- | valign="top" | * ''Flatmates'' * ''[[The Johnsons (Nigerian TV series)|The Johnsons]]'' * ''[[Ni da 'yan uwana|My Siblings and I]]'' * ''Co-Habits'' * ''RSM'' * ''Uncle Limbani'' * ''Mussulando'' * '''''Njoro Wa Uba''''' * ''Popi'' * ''The Return of Original Comedy'' | valign="top" | * ''Come Play Naija'' * ''Off Air with Gbemi & Toolz'' * ''Judging Matters'' * ''Rock that Aisle Again'' * ''Sankofa'' * ''Kan-See-Me'' * '''''King Bugar''''' |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" |Best Original Telenovela ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" | |- | * ''Itura'' * ''Covenant'' * ''Huba'' * ''Dede'' * ''Prestige'' * ''Salem'' * ''Mahinga'' * '''''Mpali''''' * ''Maida'' | |- ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" | ! style="background:#EEDD82; width:50%" | |- | | |} <ref>PUNCHNEWSPAPER</ref> == Manazarta == fz4g4ez9g9067n8qdo18m6sc415l8pf 0 74376 975079 971134 2026-11-01T23:54:14Z CommonsDelinker 75 Removing [[:c:File:Queenuchemontana.jpg|Queenuchemontana.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:IronGargoyle|IronGargoyle]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Files uploaded by Lisacares267|]]. 975079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Uche Nwaefuna''' ⓘ (an haifeta ranar 8 ga watan Mayu 1994)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tosin |first=Alamu |date=2023-02-22 |title=Uche Montana Biography, Net Worth, Wiki, Age, Parents, Husband, Children, Family » NGNews247 |url=https://www.ngnews247.com/uche-montana-biography-net-worth-wiki-age-parents-husband-children-family/ |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=NGNews247 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716055147/https://www.ngnews247.com/uche-montana-biography-net-worth-wiki-age-parents-husband-children-family/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Uche Nwaefuna Biography {{!}} Age {{!}} Career {{!}} Movies {{!}} Naijabiography |url=https://naijabiography.com/biography/uche-nwaefuna-biography/ |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=Naijabiography Media |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=dnbstories |date=2020-09-09 |title=Full biography of Nollywood actress Uche Nwaefuna and other facts about her |url=https://dnbstories.com/2020/09/full-biography-of-nollywood-actress-uche-nwaefuna.html |access-date=2023-07-16 |website=DNB Stories Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Najeriya kuma abin koyi. Ana kuma san ta da '''Uche Montana.'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uche Nwaefuna Biography, Pictures, Husband Married, Surgery, Real Age |url=https://www.naijacelebbio.com/2021/05/uche-nwaefuna-biography-pictures.html |access-date=7 November 2021 |archive-date=8 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108072235/https://www.naijacelebbio.com/2021/05/uche-nwaefuna-biography-pictures.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2018, ta lashe kyautar Moreklue All Youth Awards Africa, wanda kuma aka sani da Maya Awards (Africa), a matsayin mafi kyawun ƴar wasan kwaikwayo a cikin jerin shiri mai dogon zango TV - ''Hush''. == Tarihin Rayuwa == [[Fayil:Uche Montana.jpg|thumb|Uche Montana]] An haifi Uche Nwaefuna ranar 8 ga watan Mayu 1994 a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Najeriya. Ta taso ne a unguwar [[Garin Festac|Festac]] da ke Legas tare da iyayenta da yayyenta. Ta yi makarantar Loral International School a Festac, inda ta yi karatun firamare da sakandare. Ita ƴar asalin [[Delta (jiha)|jihar Delta ce]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=On A Boulevard of Conquered Dreams |url=https://www.reverbtimemag.com/blogs_on/on-a-boulevard-of-conquered-dreams |access-date=12 October 2024}}</ref> == Fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Filmography !Year !Title !Role !Selected Cast !Note |- |2023 |''Teni's Big Day | |{{plainlist| *[[Nancy Isime]] *[[IK Ogbonna]] *[[Keppy Ekpenyong]] *Maurice Sam }} | |- |2021 |''Women & Lies'' | |{{plainlist| *[[Bimbo Ademoye]] *Jessica Agu *[[Lucy Ameh]] }} |<ref>{{cite web|title=Women and Lies| website=[[IMDb]] |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt15841948/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0|access-date=7 November 2021}}</ref> |- |2021 |''Hide N Seek'' |Uche Montana |{{plainlist| *[[Kiki Omeili]] *Mojisola Adebayo *[[Bimbo Ademoye]] }} |<ref>{{cite web|title=Hide and Seek| website=[[IMDb]] |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt15841948/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0|access-date=7 November 2021}}</ref> |- |2021 |''Dream Job'' |Nkechi Okafor |{{plainlist| *Pearl Agwu *[[Sophie Alakija]] *Toners Beshel }} |<ref>{{cite web|title=Dream Job| website=[[IMDb]] |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt14362042/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_1|access-date=8 November 2021}}</ref> |- |2021 |''Tango of Deception'' | |{{plainlist| *[[Frederick Leonard (Nigerian actor)|Frederick Leonard]] *Christina Martin *Nini Mbonu }} |<ref>{{cite web|title=Tango of Deception| website=[[IMDb]] |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt15797798/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0|access-date=8 November 2021}}</ref> |- |2021 |''Oldest Bridesmaid'' |Vivian |{{plainlist| *Munachi Abii *Efe Israel *Jimmy Odukoya }} |<ref>{{cite web|title=Oldest Bridesmaid| website=[[IMDb]] |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt14013598/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0|access-date=8 November 2021}}</ref> |- |2021 |''My Grand Father's Wife'' |Munachi Snr. |{{plainlist| *Adebola Adejumobi *Denyeefa David Abraham }} |<ref>{{cite web|title=My Grandfather's Wife| website=[[IMDb]] |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt15741452/?ref_=m_nmfmd_act_6|access-date=8 November 2021}}</ref> |- |2020 |''Doubt'' |Rita |{{plainlist| *[[Bimbo Ademoye]] *Gloria Hanson *[[Mr. Macaroni]] }} |<ref>{{cite web|title=Doubt| website=[[IMDb]] |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt15799468/?ref_=m_nmfmd_act_7|access-date=8 November 2021}}</ref> |- |2019 |''[[Seven (2019 Nigerian film)|Seven]]'' |Efe |{{plainlist| *[[Sadiq Daba]] *Kehinde Anyị *Ogunsanwo Anita }} | |- |2019 |''[[Made in Heaven (2019 film)|Made in Heaven]]'' |Angel |{{plainlist| *[[Toyin Abraham]] *[[Blossom Chukwujekwu]] *[[Lasisi Elenu]] *[[Nancy Isime]] }} | |- |2019 |''[[Hire a Woman (film)|Hire a Woman]]'' |Toyosi |{{plainlist| *[[Belinda Effah]] *[[Alexx Ekubo]] *[[Nancy Isime]] *[[Uzor Arukwe]] }} | |- |2019 |''Mad About you'' |Tommi |{{plainlist| *Stephen Damian *[[Chinyere Wilfred]] *[[Annie Macaulay-Idibia]] }} |<ref>{{cite web|title=Mad About You| website=[[IMDb]] |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt15555052/?ref_=m_nmfmd_act_10|access-date=7 November 2021}}</ref> |- |2018 |''[[Lagos Real Fake Life]]'' |Precious |{{plainlist| *[[IK Ogbonna]] *[[Mike Ezuruonye]] *[[Nosa Rex]] *[[Emmanuella|Emmanuella Samuel]] *[[Mark Angel (comedian)|Mark Angel]] }} | |- |2018 |''The Eve'' |Bolanle |{{plainlist| *[[Beverly Naya]] *[[John Okafor]] *Jagila Donatus *[[Tina Mba]] }} |<ref>{{cite web|title=The Eve| website=[[IMDb]] |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt8166300/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0|access-date=8 November 2021}}</ref> |- |2018 |'' Homely:What Men Want'' |Suzy |{{plainlist| *[[Femi Branch]] *[[Mary Lazarus]] *[[Tina Mba]] }} |<ref>{{cite web|title=Homely:What Men Want| website=[[IMDb]] |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt8166300/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0|access-date=8 November 2021}}</ref> |- |2017 |''[[Banana Island Ghost]]'' |Tope |{{plainlist| *[[Ali Nuhu]] *[[Tina Mba]] *[[Uche Jumbo]] *[[Dorcas Shola-Fapson]] }} | |- |2017 |''[[Three Wise Men (2016 film)|Three Wise Men]]'' |Essei |{{plainlist| *[[Tina Mba]] *[[Richard Mofe-Damijo]] *[[Ebele Okaro]] *[[Zack Orji]] *Imabong Effiong }} | |} ==Accolades== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Awards and Nominations !Year !Awards !Category !Results |- |2018 |[[2018 Best of Nollywood Awards]] |Best Supporting Actress (English)-'' What Men Want'' |{{Nom}} |- |2018 |[[Maya Awards Africa]] |Best Actress in TV Series-''Hush'' |{{Won}} |} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} ===Hanyoyin Hadi na waje= *{{IMDb name}} *[http://instagram.com/uchemontana @uchemontana] on [[Instagram]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Nwaefuna, Uche}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1994]] cfyeq9szjyyt7bk42xd112gvyznsz8h 0 75203 975075 543887 2026-11-01T23:44:28Z Alfurqan 14918 /* Canje-canjen ƙungiya */ 975075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''2020–21 na gasar [[Premier League|Premier ta Afirka]] ta Kudu''' (wanda aka sani da DSTV Premiership don dalilai na tallafawa) shine kakar 25th na Premier Soccer League tun lokacin da aka kafa a 1996 . Mamelodi Sundowns ita ce ke rike da zakarun sau uku. Wanda ya yi nasara a wannan kakar zai tsallake zuwa gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta CAF na 2021-2022 tare da ƙungiyar da ta zo ta biyu. Ƙungiyar da aka sanya ta 3 da waɗanda suka lashe Kofin Nedbank sun cancanci shiga gasar cin kofin CAF ta 2021–22 .<ref name="Bidvest Wits sold to TTM">{{Cite web |title=Bidvest Wits sold to TTM |url=https://citizen.co.za/phakaaathi/south-africa-soccer-phakaaathi-phakaaathi/2302426/bidvest-wits-sold-to-ttm/ |access-date=5 September 2020 |date=13 June 2020 |website=The Citizen |language=en}}</ref> == Canje-canjen ƙungiya == Kungiyoyi masu zuwa sun canza rabe-rabe tun kakar wasan shekarar 2019-20. === Zuwa National First Division === '''Wasa daga gasar Premier ta Afirka ta Kudu 2019-20''' * Birnin Polokwane === Daga National First Division === '''An haɓaka zuwa 2020-21 Afirka ta Kudu Premier Division''' * Swallows (an haɓaka a matsayin zakara) === Matsayin da aka saya === * [[Tshakhuma Tsha Madzivhandila FC|Tshakhuma Tsha Madzivhandila]] (TTM)<ref name="Bidvest Wits sold to TTM"/> (sayi matsayin Bidvest Wits ) * TS Galaxy (sayi matsayin Highland Park ) <ref name="ts galaxy Highlands Park">{{Cite web |date=17 September 2020 |title=Sold: PSL approves TS Galaxy Tim Sukazi purchase of Highlands Park status |url=https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/premiership/sold-psl-approves-ts-galaxy-tim-sukazi-purchase-of-highlands-park-status/685644 |access-date=19 September 2020 |website=Kick Off |archive-date=25 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125020010/https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/premiership/sold-psl-approves-ts-galaxy-tim-sukazi-purchase-of-highlands-park-status/685644 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ya sayar da matsayinsu === * Bidvest Wits (sun sayar da matsayinsu na Premier ga [[Tshakhuma Tsha Madzivhandila FC|Tshakhuma Tsha Madzivhandila]] ) * Highland Park (sun sayar da matsayinsu na Premier zuwa TS Galaxy ) == Ƙungiyoyi == === Filayen wasanni da wurare === {{Location map+ === Adadin ƙungiyoyi ta larduna === {| class="wikitable" !Matsayi ! Lardi ! Lamba ! Ƙungiyoyi |- | align="center" | 1 | Gauteng | align="center" | 5 | align="center" | [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kafa ta Kaizer Chiefs|Kaizer Chiefs]], Mamelodi Sundowns, Swallows, [[Orlando Pirates FC|Orlando Pirates]], [[SuperSport United FC|SuperSport United]] |- | rowspan="2" align="center" | 2 | KwaZulu-Natal | rowspan="2" align="center" | 3 | align="center" | [[Maritzburg United FC|Maritzburg United]], Golden Arrows da AmaZulu |- | Limpopo | align="center" | Baroka, Black Leopards da [[Tshakhuma Tsha Madzivhandila FC|TTM]] |- | rowspan="1" align="center" | 4 | Western Cape | rowspan="1" align="center" | 2 | align="center" | Cape Town City da Stellenbosch |- | rowspan="3" align="center" | 5 | Jiha Kyauta | rowspan="1" align="center" | 1 | align="center" | Bloemfontein Celtic |- | Gabashin Cape | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | Chippa United |- | Mpumalanga | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | TS Galaxy |- |} == Teburin gasar == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" width="28" |<abbr title="Position">Pos</abbr> ! scope="col" width="190" |Team ! scope="col" width="28" |<abbr title="Played">Pld</abbr> ! scope="col" width="28" |<abbr title="Won">W</abbr> ! scope="col" width="28" |<abbr title="Drawn">D</abbr> ! scope="col" width="28" |<abbr title="Lost">L</abbr> ! scope="col" width="28" |<abbr title="Goals for">GF</abbr> ! scope="col" width="28" |<abbr title="Goals against">GA</abbr> ! scope="col" width="28" |<abbr title="Goal difference">GD</abbr> ! scope="col" width="28" |<abbr title="Points">Pts</abbr> ! scope="col" |Qualification or relegation |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |1 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |[[Mamelodi Sundowns F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]] (C) | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |19 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |10 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |1 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |49 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |14 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" | +35 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |67 | rowspan="2" style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |<span class="nowrap">Qualification for [[2021–22 CAF Champions League|Champions League]]</span> |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |2 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |[[AmaZulu F.C.|AmaZulu]] | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |15 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |9 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |6 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |38 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |23 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" | +15 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |54 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3FF;" |3 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3FF;" |[[Orlando Pirates F.C.|Orlando Pirates]] | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3FF;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3FF;" |13 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3FF;" |11 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3FF;" |6 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3FF;" |33 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3FF;" |22 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3FF;" | +11 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3FF;" |50 | rowspan="1" style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3FF;" |<span class="nowrap">Qualification for [[2021–22 CAF Confederation Cup|Confederation Cup]]</span> |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |4 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |[[Lamontville Golden Arrows F.C.|Lamontville Golden Arrows]] | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |11 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |14 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |5 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |40 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |28 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" | +12 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent;" |47 | rowspan="11" style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" | |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |5 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |[[SuperSport United F.C.|SuperSport United]] | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |11 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |12 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |7 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |37 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |31 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" | +6 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent;" |45 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |6 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |[[Swallows F.C.|Swallows]] | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |8 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |20 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |2 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |31 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |23 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" | +8 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent;" |44 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |7 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |[[Cape Town City F.C. (2016)|Cape Town City]] | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |10 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |11 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |9 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |42 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |40 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" | +2 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent;" |41 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |8 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |[[Kaizer Chiefs F.C.|Kaizer Chiefs]] | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |8 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |12 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |10 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |34 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |37 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |&#x2212;3 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent;" |36 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |9 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |[[TS Galaxy F.C.|TS Galaxy]] | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |9 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |9 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |12 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |26 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |31 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |&#x2212;5 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent;" |36 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |10 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |[[Baroka F.C.|Baroka]] | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |7 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |13 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |10 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |28 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |36 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |&#x2212;8 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent;" |34 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |11 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |[[Bloemfontein Celtic F.C.|Bloemfontein Celtic]] | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |6 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |14 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |10 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |35 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |&#x2212;5 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent;" |32 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |12 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |[[Tshakhuma Tsha Madzivhandila F.C.|Tshakhuma Tsha Madzivhandila]] | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |7 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |10 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |13 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |19 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |35 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |&#x2212;16 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent;" |31 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |13 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |[[Maritzburg United F.C.|Maritzburg United]] | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |7 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |9 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |14 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |27 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |36 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |&#x2212;9 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent;" |30 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |14 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |[[Stellenbosch F.C.|Stellenbosch]] | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |5 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |14 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |11 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |26 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |32 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |&#x2212;6 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent;" |29 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFCCCC;" |15 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFCCCC;" |[[Chippa United F.C.|Chippa United]] | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFCCCC;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFCCCC;" |5 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFCCCC;" |12 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFCCCC;" |13 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFCCCC;" |24 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFCCCC;" |37 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFCCCC;" |&#x2212;13 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:#FFCCCC;" |27 | rowspan="1" style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFCCCC;" |Qualification for [[2020–21 National First Division#PSL Playoff Tournament|Playoffs]] |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFBBBB;" |16 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFBBBB;" |[[Black Leopards F.C.|Black Leopards]] '''(R)''' | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFBBBB;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFBBBB;" |5 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFBBBB;" |8 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFBBBB;" |17 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFBBBB;" |23 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFBBBB;" |47 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFBBBB;" |&#x2212;24 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:#FFBBBB;" |23 | rowspan="1" style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFBBBB;" |Relegation to the [[National First Division|First Division]] |} <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa 2020/21 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesz/zaf2021.html |access-date=2021-09-07 |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> == Sakamako == == Kididdiga == === Manyan masu zura kwallo a raga === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Daraja ! Mai kunnawa ! Kulob ! Manufofin |- | 1 | align="left" |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Bradley Grobler ne adam wata]] | align="left" | SuperSport United | 16<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://supersport.com/football/dstv-premiership/top-scorers|title=DStv Premiership Top Scorers|website=supersport.com}}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- | 2 | align="left" |{{Flagicon|NAM}}</img> [[Peter Shalulile]] | align="left" | Mamelodi Sundowns | 15 |- | 3 | align="left" |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Thabiso Kutumela]] | align="left" | Maritzburg United | 12 |- | 4 | align="left" |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Ruzaigh Gamildien]] | align="left" | Hadiye | 11 |- | 5 | align="left" |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Themba Zwane]] | align="left" | Mamelodi Sundowns | 10 |- | rowspan="3" | 6 | align="left" |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Mduduzi Mdantsane]] | align="left" | Birnin Cape Town | rowspan="3" | 9 |- | align="left" |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Fagrie Lakay]] | align="left" | Birnin Cape Town |- | align="left" |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Victor Letsoalo]] | align="left" | Bloemfontein Celtic |- | rowspan="3" | 9 | align="left" |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Luvuyo Memela]] | rowspan="2" align="left" | AmaZulu | rowspan="3" | 8 |- | align="left" |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Lehlohonolo Majoro]] |- | align="left" |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Lebogang Manyama]] | align="left" | Shugaban Kaiser |} === Hat-tricks === {| class="wikitable" !Mai kunnawa ! Domin ! gaba da ! Sakamako ! Kwanan wata |- |{{Flagicon|CMR}}</img> [[Bienvenu Evanga]] | Chippa United | Maritzburg United | {{En dash}} (H) | 3 Nuwamba 2020 |- |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Themba Zwane]] | Mamelodi Sundowns | AmaZulu | {{En dash}} (H) | 23 Nuwamba 2020 |- |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Lebogang Manyama]] | Shugaban Kaiser | Kibiyoyin Zinariya | {{En dash}} (H) | 2 Yuni 2021 |} === Yawancin taimako === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left" !A'a ! Mai kunnawa ! Kulob ! Taimakawa |- | 1 | align="left" |{{Flagicon|ZAM}}</img> [[Augustine Mulenga]] | AmaZulu | 9 |- | 2 | align="left" |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Sipho Mbul]] | align="left" | SuperSport United | 7 |- | 3 |{{Flagicon|NAM}}</img> [[Peter Shalulile]] | Mamelodi Sundowns | 6 |- | rowspan="5" | 4 |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Lindokuhle Mbatha]] | TS Galaxy | rowspan="5" | 5 |- |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[David Van Rooyen]] | Stellenbosch |- |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Amethyst Bradley Ralani|Bradley Ralani]] | Birnin Cape Town |- |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Lyle Lakay]] | rowspan="2" | Mamelodi Sundowns |- | align="left" |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Kermit Erasmus|Sunan mahaifi Erasmus]] |- | rowspan="4" | 9 |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Thembinkosi Lorch]] | Orlando Pirates | rowspan="4" | 4 |- | align="left" |{{Flagicon|NAM}}</img> [[Deon Hotto]] | align="left" | Orlando Pirates |- |{{Flagicon|ZIM}}</img> [[Khama Bilyat]] | align="left" | Shugaban Kaiser |- | align="left" |{{Flagicon|ZIM}}</img> [[Evans Rusike]] | Kibau |} === Tsaftace zanen gado === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left" !A'a ! Mai kunnawa ! Kulob ! Tsaftace zanen gado |- | 1 |{{Flagicon|UGA}}</img> [[Dennis Onyango]] | Mamelodi Sundowns | 15 |- | rowspan="2" | 2 |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Veli Mothwa]] | AmaZulu | rowspan="2" | 11 |- |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Sifiso Mlungwana]] | Kibiyoyin Zinariya |- | 4 |{{Flagicon|ZIM}}</img> [[Washington Arubi]] | TTM | 10 |- | rowspan="3" | 5 |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Lee Langeveldt]] | Stellenbosch | rowspan="3" | 8 |- |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Ronwen Williams|Ronald Williams]] | SuperSport United |- |{{Flagicon|NED}}</img> [[Peter Leeuwenburgh]] | Birnin Cape Town |- | rowspan="2" | 8 |{{Flagicon|GHA}}</img> [[Richard Ofori (mai tsaron raga)|Richard Ofori]] | Orlando Pirates | rowspan="2" | 7 |- |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Marlon Heugh]] | TS Galaxy |- | rowspan="2" | 10 |{{Flagicon|NGA}}</img>[[Daniel Akpeyi]] | Shugaban Kaiser | rowspan="2" | 6 |- |- |{{Flagicon|NAM}}</img> [[Virgil Vries]] | Hadiye |} == Manazarta == == Duba kuma == * 2020 MTN 8 * 2020 Telkom Knockout * Kofin Nedbank 2020-21 * 2020–21 National First Division == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.psl.co.za Gidan yanar gizon hukuma] 4f7fucr7l5kkpg2xbgg3miwhc2h3wir 975076 975075 2026-11-01T23:45:23Z Alfurqan 14918 /* Manazarta */ 975076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''2020–21 na gasar [[Premier League|Premier ta Afirka]] ta Kudu''' (wanda aka sani da DSTV Premiership don dalilai na tallafawa) shine kakar 25th na Premier Soccer League tun lokacin da aka kafa a 1996 . Mamelodi Sundowns ita ce ke rike da zakarun sau uku. Wanda ya yi nasara a wannan kakar zai tsallake zuwa gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta CAF na 2021-2022 tare da ƙungiyar da ta zo ta biyu. Ƙungiyar da aka sanya ta 3 da waɗanda suka lashe Kofin Nedbank sun cancanci shiga gasar cin kofin CAF ta 2021–22 .<ref name="Bidvest Wits sold to TTM">{{Cite web |title=Bidvest Wits sold to TTM |url=https://citizen.co.za/phakaaathi/south-africa-soccer-phakaaathi-phakaaathi/2302426/bidvest-wits-sold-to-ttm/ |access-date=5 September 2020 |date=13 June 2020 |website=The Citizen |language=en}}</ref> == Canje-canjen ƙungiya == Kungiyoyi masu zuwa sun canza rabe-rabe tun kakar wasan shekarar 2019-20. === Zuwa National First Division === '''Wasa daga gasar Premier ta Afirka ta Kudu 2019-20''' * Birnin Polokwane === Daga National First Division === '''An haɓaka zuwa 2020-21 Afirka ta Kudu Premier Division''' * Swallows (an haɓaka a matsayin zakara) === Matsayin da aka saya === * [[Tshakhuma Tsha Madzivhandila FC|Tshakhuma Tsha Madzivhandila]] (TTM)<ref name="Bidvest Wits sold to TTM"/> (sayi matsayin Bidvest Wits ) * TS Galaxy (sayi matsayin Highland Park ) <ref name="ts galaxy Highlands Park">{{Cite web |date=17 September 2020 |title=Sold: PSL approves TS Galaxy Tim Sukazi purchase of Highlands Park status |url=https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/premiership/sold-psl-approves-ts-galaxy-tim-sukazi-purchase-of-highlands-park-status/685644 |access-date=19 September 2020 |website=Kick Off |archive-date=25 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125020010/https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/premiership/sold-psl-approves-ts-galaxy-tim-sukazi-purchase-of-highlands-park-status/685644 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ya sayar da matsayinsu === * Bidvest Wits (sun sayar da matsayinsu na Premier ga [[Tshakhuma Tsha Madzivhandila FC|Tshakhuma Tsha Madzivhandila]] ) * Highland Park (sun sayar da matsayinsu na Premier zuwa TS Galaxy ) == Ƙungiyoyi == === Filayen wasanni da wurare === {{Location map+ === Adadin ƙungiyoyi ta larduna === {| class="wikitable" !Matsayi ! Lardi ! Lamba ! Ƙungiyoyi |- | align="center" | 1 | Gauteng | align="center" | 5 | align="center" | [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kafa ta Kaizer Chiefs|Kaizer Chiefs]], Mamelodi Sundowns, Swallows, [[Orlando Pirates FC|Orlando Pirates]], [[SuperSport United FC|SuperSport United]] |- | rowspan="2" align="center" | 2 | KwaZulu-Natal | rowspan="2" align="center" | 3 | align="center" | [[Maritzburg United FC|Maritzburg United]], Golden Arrows da AmaZulu |- | Limpopo | align="center" | Baroka, Black Leopards da [[Tshakhuma Tsha Madzivhandila FC|TTM]] |- | rowspan="1" align="center" | 4 | Western Cape | rowspan="1" align="center" | 2 | align="center" | Cape Town City da Stellenbosch |- | rowspan="3" align="center" | 5 | Jiha Kyauta | rowspan="1" align="center" | 1 | align="center" | Bloemfontein Celtic |- | Gabashin Cape | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | Chippa United |- | Mpumalanga | align="center" | 1 | align="center" | TS Galaxy |- |} == Teburin gasar == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" width="28" |<abbr title="Position">Pos</abbr> ! scope="col" width="190" |Team ! scope="col" width="28" |<abbr title="Played">Pld</abbr> ! scope="col" width="28" |<abbr title="Won">W</abbr> ! scope="col" width="28" |<abbr title="Drawn">D</abbr> ! scope="col" width="28" |<abbr title="Lost">L</abbr> ! scope="col" width="28" |<abbr title="Goals for">GF</abbr> ! scope="col" width="28" |<abbr title="Goals against">GA</abbr> ! scope="col" width="28" |<abbr title="Goal difference">GD</abbr> ! scope="col" width="28" |<abbr title="Points">Pts</abbr> ! scope="col" |Qualification or relegation |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |1 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |[[Mamelodi Sundowns F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]] (C) | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |19 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |10 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |1 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |49 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |14 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" | +35 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |67 | rowspan="2" style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |<span class="nowrap">Qualification for [[2021–22 CAF Champions League|Champions League]]</span> |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |2 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |[[AmaZulu F.C.|AmaZulu]] | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |15 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |9 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |6 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |38 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |23 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" | +15 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3BB;" |54 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3FF;" |3 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3FF;" |[[Orlando Pirates F.C.|Orlando Pirates]] | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3FF;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3FF;" |13 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3FF;" |11 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3FF;" |6 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3FF;" |33 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3FF;" |22 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3FF;" | +11 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3FF;" |50 | rowspan="1" style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3FF;" |<span class="nowrap">Qualification for [[2021–22 CAF Confederation Cup|Confederation Cup]]</span> |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |4 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |[[Lamontville Golden Arrows F.C.|Lamontville Golden Arrows]] | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |11 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |14 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |5 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |40 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |28 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" | +12 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent;" |47 | rowspan="11" style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" | |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |5 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |[[SuperSport United F.C.|SuperSport United]] | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |11 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |12 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |7 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |37 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |31 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" | +6 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent;" |45 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |6 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |[[Swallows F.C.|Swallows]] | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |8 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |20 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |2 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |31 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |23 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" | +8 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent;" |44 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |7 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |[[Cape Town City F.C. (2016)|Cape Town City]] | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |10 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |11 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |9 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |42 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |40 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" | +2 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent;" |41 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |8 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |[[Kaizer Chiefs F.C.|Kaizer Chiefs]] | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |8 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |12 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |10 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |34 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |37 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |&#x2212;3 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent;" |36 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |9 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |[[TS Galaxy F.C.|TS Galaxy]] | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |9 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |9 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |12 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |26 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |31 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |&#x2212;5 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent;" |36 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |10 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |[[Baroka F.C.|Baroka]] | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |7 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |13 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |10 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |28 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |36 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |&#x2212;8 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent;" |34 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |11 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |[[Bloemfontein Celtic F.C.|Bloemfontein Celtic]] | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |6 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |14 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |10 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |35 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |&#x2212;5 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent;" |32 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |12 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |[[Tshakhuma Tsha Madzivhandila F.C.|Tshakhuma Tsha Madzivhandila]] | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |7 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |10 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |13 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |19 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |35 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |&#x2212;16 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent;" |31 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |13 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |[[Maritzburg United F.C.|Maritzburg United]] | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |7 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |9 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |14 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |27 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |36 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |&#x2212;9 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent;" |30 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |14 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |[[Stellenbosch F.C.|Stellenbosch]] | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |5 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |14 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |11 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |26 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |32 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent;" |&#x2212;6 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent;" |29 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFCCCC;" |15 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFCCCC;" |[[Chippa United F.C.|Chippa United]] | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFCCCC;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFCCCC;" |5 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFCCCC;" |12 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFCCCC;" |13 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFCCCC;" |24 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFCCCC;" |37 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFCCCC;" |&#x2212;13 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:#FFCCCC;" |27 | rowspan="1" style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFCCCC;" |Qualification for [[2020–21 National First Division#PSL Playoff Tournament|Playoffs]] |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFBBBB;" |16 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFBBBB;" |[[Black Leopards F.C.|Black Leopards]] '''(R)''' | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFBBBB;" |30 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFBBBB;" |5 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFBBBB;" |8 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFBBBB;" |17 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFBBBB;" |23 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFBBBB;" |47 | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFBBBB;" |&#x2212;24 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:#FFBBBB;" |23 | rowspan="1" style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#FFBBBB;" |Relegation to the [[National First Division|First Division]] |} <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa 2020/21 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesz/zaf2021.html |access-date=2021-09-07 |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> == Sakamako == == Kididdiga == === Manyan masu zura kwallo a raga === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Daraja ! Mai kunnawa ! Kulob ! Manufofin |- | 1 | align="left" |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Bradley Grobler ne adam wata]] | align="left" | SuperSport United | 16<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://supersport.com/football/dstv-premiership/top-scorers|title=DStv Premiership Top Scorers|website=supersport.com}}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- | 2 | align="left" |{{Flagicon|NAM}}</img> [[Peter Shalulile]] | align="left" | Mamelodi Sundowns | 15 |- | 3 | align="left" |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Thabiso Kutumela]] | align="left" | Maritzburg United | 12 |- | 4 | align="left" |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Ruzaigh Gamildien]] | align="left" | Hadiye | 11 |- | 5 | align="left" |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Themba Zwane]] | align="left" | Mamelodi Sundowns | 10 |- | rowspan="3" | 6 | align="left" |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Mduduzi Mdantsane]] | align="left" | Birnin Cape Town | rowspan="3" | 9 |- | align="left" |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Fagrie Lakay]] | align="left" | Birnin Cape Town |- | align="left" |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Victor Letsoalo]] | align="left" | Bloemfontein Celtic |- | rowspan="3" | 9 | align="left" |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Luvuyo Memela]] | rowspan="2" align="left" | AmaZulu | rowspan="3" | 8 |- | align="left" |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Lehlohonolo Majoro]] |- | align="left" |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Lebogang Manyama]] | align="left" | Shugaban Kaiser |} === Hat-tricks === {| class="wikitable" !Mai kunnawa ! Domin ! gaba da ! Sakamako ! Kwanan wata |- |{{Flagicon|CMR}}</img> [[Bienvenu Evanga]] | Chippa United | Maritzburg United | {{En dash}} (H) | 3 Nuwamba 2020 |- |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Themba Zwane]] | Mamelodi Sundowns | AmaZulu | {{En dash}} (H) | 23 Nuwamba 2020 |- |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Lebogang Manyama]] | Shugaban Kaiser | Kibiyoyin Zinariya | {{En dash}} (H) | 2 Yuni 2021 |} === Yawancin taimako === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left" !A'a ! Mai kunnawa ! Kulob ! Taimakawa |- | 1 | align="left" |{{Flagicon|ZAM}}</img> [[Augustine Mulenga]] | AmaZulu | 9 |- | 2 | align="left" |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Sipho Mbul]] | align="left" | SuperSport United | 7 |- | 3 |{{Flagicon|NAM}}</img> [[Peter Shalulile]] | Mamelodi Sundowns | 6 |- | rowspan="5" | 4 |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Lindokuhle Mbatha]] | TS Galaxy | rowspan="5" | 5 |- |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[David Van Rooyen]] | Stellenbosch |- |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Amethyst Bradley Ralani|Bradley Ralani]] | Birnin Cape Town |- |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Lyle Lakay]] | rowspan="2" | Mamelodi Sundowns |- | align="left" |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Kermit Erasmus|Sunan mahaifi Erasmus]] |- | rowspan="4" | 9 |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Thembinkosi Lorch]] | Orlando Pirates | rowspan="4" | 4 |- | align="left" |{{Flagicon|NAM}}</img> [[Deon Hotto]] | align="left" | Orlando Pirates |- |{{Flagicon|ZIM}}</img> [[Khama Bilyat]] | align="left" | Shugaban Kaiser |- | align="left" |{{Flagicon|ZIM}}</img> [[Evans Rusike]] | Kibau |} === Tsaftace zanen gado === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left" !A'a ! Mai kunnawa ! Kulob ! Tsaftace zanen gado |- | 1 |{{Flagicon|UGA}}</img> [[Dennis Onyango]] | Mamelodi Sundowns | 15 |- | rowspan="2" | 2 |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Veli Mothwa]] | AmaZulu | rowspan="2" | 11 |- |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Sifiso Mlungwana]] | Kibiyoyin Zinariya |- | 4 |{{Flagicon|ZIM}}</img> [[Washington Arubi]] | TTM | 10 |- | rowspan="3" | 5 |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Lee Langeveldt]] | Stellenbosch | rowspan="3" | 8 |- |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Ronwen Williams|Ronald Williams]] | SuperSport United |- |{{Flagicon|NED}}</img> [[Peter Leeuwenburgh]] | Birnin Cape Town |- | rowspan="2" | 8 |{{Flagicon|GHA}}</img> [[Richard Ofori (mai tsaron raga)|Richard Ofori]] | Orlando Pirates | rowspan="2" | 7 |- |{{Flagicon|RSA}}</img> [[Marlon Heugh]] | TS Galaxy |- | rowspan="2" | 10 |{{Flagicon|NGA}}</img>[[Daniel Akpeyi]] | Shugaban Kaiser | rowspan="2" | 6 |- |- |{{Flagicon|NAM}}</img> [[Virgil Vries]] | Hadiye |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Duba kuma == * 2020 MTN 8 * 2020 Telkom Knockout * Kofin Nedbank 2020-21 * 2020–21 National First Division == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.psl.co.za Gidan yanar gizon hukuma] dtbhp5zcn15ufhe0g8dud9x934z5a4y 0 75515 974787 640648 2026-11-01T13:33:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974787 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bongolwethu Siyasi''' (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Satumba shekara ta 2002) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Afirka ta Kudu wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron baya]] ga [[Venda FC|Venda]], a kan aro daga Mamelodi Sundowns . == Aikin kulob == An haife shi a Khayelitsha, Western Cape, Siyasi ya fara aikinsa tare da kungiyoyin masu son Chumisa FC da YBC FC, kafin ya koma Ajax Cape Town a 2014, inda koci [[Duncan Crowie]] ya yaba masa a matsayin daya daga cikin ’yan wasa mafi kyau a kungiyar matasa. <ref name="mc">{{Cite web |last=Budaza |first=Mzoxolo |date=21 January 2021 |title=Siyasi parts ways with Spurs |url=https://www.athlonenews.co.za/sport/siyasi-parts-ways-with-spurs-6a6ce0d5-e021-43a2-a3e9-faf64541cc3e |access-date=16 November 2022 |website=athlonenews.co.za |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116160837/https://www.athlonenews.co.za/sport/siyasi-parts-ways-with-spurs-6a6ce0d5-e021-43a2-a3e9-faf64541cc3e |archive-date=16 November 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cawe |first=Phiri |date=5 December 2018 |title=Talented youngster a star on and off the football pitch |url=https://www.southernmail.co.za/sport/talented-youngster-a-star-on-and-off-the-football-pitch |access-date=16 November 2022 |website=southernmail.co.za }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya bar Ajax Cape Town a watan Janairun 2021 bisa amincewar juna. <ref name="mc" /> Komawa kwallon kafa a 2022 tare da Mamelodi Sundowns, ya fara halarta a gasar Carling Black Label Cup a watan Nuwamba 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gumede |first=Ntokozo |date=13 November 2022 |title=Mokwena praises Sundowns youngsters after Beer Cup win |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/sport/soccer/local-soccer/mokwena-praises-sundowns-youngsters-after-beer-cup-win/ |access-date=16 November 2022 |website=citizen.co.za}}</ref> A cikin Janairu 2023, an ba shi aro ga Motsepe Foundation Championship gefen [[Venda FC|Venda]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Munyai |first=Ofhani |date=15 January 2023 |title=New VFA January signings confirmed |url=https://farpost.co.za/latest-news/new-vfa-january-signings-confirmed/ |access-date=28 January 2023 |website=farpost.co.za}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Siyasi ya wakilci Afirka ta Kudu a matakin 'yan kasa da shekaru 17. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2018 |title=South Africa, Zambia secure COSAFA U-17 Cup wins |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/south-africa/story/3571693/south-africazambia-secure-cosafa-u-17-cup-wins |access-date=16 November 2022 |website=espn.co.uk}}</ref> == Kididdigar sana'a == === Kulob === {{Updated|28 January 2023.}}<ref>{{Soccerway|bongolwethu-siyasi/619503|accessdate=15 November 2022}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National Cup ! colspan="2" |League Cup ! colspan="2" |Continental ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- |Ajax Cape Town |2019–20 |GladAfrica Championship |5 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |– |0 |0 |5 |0 |- |Mamelodi Sundowns |2022–23 |DStv Premiership |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |– |1{{Efn|Appearances in the [[Carling Black Label Cup]]}} |0 |1 |0 |- |[[Venda FC|Venda]] |2022–23 |Motsepe Foundation Championship |3 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |– |0 |0 |3 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !8 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !1 !0 !9 !0 |} ; Bayanan kula {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 2002]] 18afsbvftchf0orpwdiole9y6d4rog8 0 76304 975091 909064 2026-11-02T02:33:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975091 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Cynthia Erivo - Wicked-FYC-1.jpg|thumb|Cynthia (2025)]] '''Cynthia Ogunsemilore,''' (an haife ta a ranar 14 ga Mayu 2002) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cynthia Ogunsemilore |url=https://www.birmingham2022.com/athletes/cynthia-ogunsemilore/f68dd9aa-f88c-4b15-8c42-068b641c73d6 |access-date=5 August 2022 |website=Birmingham2022.com |publisher=[[Birmingham Organising Committee for the 2022 Commonwealth Games Limited]]}}</ref> ƴar wasan dambe ce ta [[Najeriya]] Ta shiga cikin Wasannin Commonwealth na 2022 a cikin nauyi mai sauƙi inda ta lashe lambar tagulla. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 August 2022 |title=Team Nigeria Preview - 2022 Commonwealth Games Day 7 |url=https://www.makingofchamps.com/2022/08/04/team-nigeria-preview-2022-commonwealth-games-day-7/ |access-date=4 August 2022 |publisher=Making of Champs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311191318/https://www.makingofchamps.com/2022/08/04/team-nigeria-preview-2022-commonwealth-games-day-7/ |archive-date=11 March 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="BoxRec 2018 s120">{{Cite web |date=7 April 2018 |title=BoxRec: Cynthia Ogunsemilore |url=https://boxrec.com/en/box-pro/835524 |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=BoxRec |ref={{sfnref | BoxRec | 2018}}}}</ref><ref name="Watta 2023 a412">{{Cite web |last=Watta |first=Evelyn |date=28 September 2023 |title='Saved by boxing': Nigeria's Cynthia Ogunsemilore on her journey from being mocked for fighting to seeking Olympic glory |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/boxing-nigerias-cynthia-ogunsemilore-journey-africa-olympic-qualifiers |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=Olympics.com}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 2002]] 5nmikvv2b2qbbgd4tffftke9ue451vx 0 77311 975100 896982 2026-11-02T03:25:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara mukala}} [[File:Daintree_Rainforest.JPG |thumb|Dajin Daintree ]] dazuzzuka ne da ke da alamun rufewa da ci gaba da bishiyoyi, tsire-tsire masu dogara da danshi, kasancewar epiphytes da lianas da rashin gobarar daji. Ana iya rarraba gandun daji gabaɗaya a matsayin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi ko gandun daji masu matsakaici, amma an bayyana wasu nau'ikan. [[File:Taman-Negara.jpg|thumb|Dajin ruwan sama]] Kimanin ya bambanta daga 40% zuwa 75% na dukkan nau'ikan halittu na asali ne ga gandun daji.<ref name="Variables">{{Cite web |title=Rainforests.net – Variables and Math |url=http://www.rainforests.net/variables.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205135329/http://www.rainforests.net/variables.htm |archive-date=2008-12-05 |access-date=2009-01-04}}</ref> Akwai yiwuwar miliyoyin nau'ikan shuke-shuke, kwari da microorganisms har yanzu ba a gano su ba a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi. An kira gandun daji na wurare masu zafi "kayan ado na Duniya" da kuma "mafi girman kantin magani a duniya", saboda an gano fiye da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na magunguna halitta a can.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-01-01 |title=Rainforests at Animal Center |url=http://www.animalcorner.co.uk/rainforests/rainforests.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120708045901/http://www.animalcorner.co.uk/rainforests/rainforests.html |archive-date=2012-07-08 |access-date=2012-08-26 |publisher=Animalcorner.co.uk}}</ref> dazuzzuka da nau'ikan gandun daji na musamman suna ɓacewa cikin sauri saboda lalacewar gandun daji, sakamakon asarar mazaunin da [[Gurbacewar Iska|gurɓataccen yanayi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Impact of Deforestation – Extinction |url=http://rainforests.mongabay.com/0908.htm |access-date=2012-08-26 |publisher=Rainforests.mongabay.com}}</ref> [[Fayil:Killer Mountain Nanga Parbat Beyal Camp 1.jpg|thumb]] == Ma'anar == Ana nuna gandun daji ta hanyar rufewa da ci gaba da itace, zafi mai yawa, kasancewar ciyayi masu dogara da danshi, layin layin ganye, kasancewar epiphytes da lianas da rashin gobarar daji. Yankunan da suka fi girma a cikin gandun daji sune gandun daji na wurare masu zafi ko na matsakaici, amma an bayyana wasu ƙungiyoyin ciyayi ciki har da gandun daji mai zafi, gandun daji, gandun dajin girgije, bishiyar inabi har ma da gandun dabara mai bushe. <ref name="WTMA">{{Cite web |title=Rainforests |url=https://www.wettropics.gov.au/rainforest |access-date=9 July 2021 |publisher=Wet Tropics Management Authority |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016111323/https://www.wettropics.gov.au/rainforest |archive-date=16 October 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="Qld.">{{Cite web |title=Rainforests |url=https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/habitats/rainforests |access-date=9 July 2021 |publisher=The State of Queensland}}</ref><ref name="OEH">{{Cite web |title=Rainforests |url=https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/threatenedSpeciesApp/VegFormation.aspx?formationName=Rainforests |access-date=9 July 2021 |publisher=New South Wales Government Office of Environment and heritage}}</ref><ref name="dpipwe">{{Cite web |title=Dry Rainforest |url=https://dpipwe.tas.gov.au/conservation/conservation-on-private-land/bush-information-management/identify-your-bush-type/bush-with-a-tree-layer-made-up-of-trees-that-are-not-eucalypts/dry-rainforest |access-date=9 July 2021 |publisher=Tasmanian Government Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183043/https://dpipwe.tas.gov.au/conservation/conservation-on-private-land/bush-information-management/identify-your-bush-type/bush-with-a-tree-layer-made-up-of-trees-that-are-not-eucalypts/dry-rainforest |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="NSW">{{Cite web |title=Western Sydney Dry Rainforest |url=https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/nature/EECinfoWesternSydneyDryRainforest.pdf |access-date=9 July 2021 |publisher=New South Wales Government Department of Planning, Industry and Environment}}</ref> === Dajin ruwan sama na wurare masu zafi === [[File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_Af_present.svg|thumb|Yankunan yanayi na gandun daji na duniya.]] Kudancin ruwan sama na wurare masu zafi suna da yanayin zafi da rigar ba tare da lokacin fari ba: yawanci ana samun su a cikin digiri 10 a arewa da kudu na ma'auni. Matsakaicin yanayin zafi na kowane wata ya wuce {{Convert|18|C|F}} ° C (64 ° F) a duk watanni na shekara. Matsakaicin [[Ruwan sama]] na shekara-shekara ba kasa da {{Convert|168|cm|in}} in) kuma yana iya wuce {{Convert|1000|cm|in}} cm (390 in) kodayake yawanci yana tsakanin {{Convert|175|cm|in}} in) da {{Convert|200|cm|in}} in). <ref name="Newman, Arnold 2002">Newman, Arnold. The Tropical Rainforest : A World Survey of Our Most Valuable Endangered Habitat : With a Blueprint for Its Survival. New York: Checkmark, 2002. Print.</ref> Yawancin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi na duniya suna da alaƙa da wurin da ake ciki, wanda aka fi sani da Yankin haɗuwa da wurare masu zafi. Ƙananan rukunin gandun daji masu zafi suna cikin Yankin equatorial tsakanin Tropic of Cancer da Tropic of Capricorn. Akwai gandun daji na wurare masu zafi a Kudu maso gabashin Asiya (daga [[Myanmar|Myanmar (Burma)]] ) zuwa [[Filipin|Philippines]], [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]], [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]], [[Sabuwar Gini Papuwa|Papua New Guinea]] da [[Sri Lanka]]; kuma a cikin Afirka ta Kudu daga [[Kamaru]] zuwa [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Kongo]] (Kongo Rainforest), Amurka ta Kudu (misali gandun daji ta Amazon), Amurka ta tsakiya (misali Bosawás, kudancin Yucatán Peninsula-El Peten-[[Belize]]-Calakmul), Australia, da kuma Tsibirin Pacific (kamar Hawaii'i'i). An kira gandun daji na wurare masu zafi " [[huhu]] na Duniya", kodayake yanzu an san cewa gandun daji suna ba da gudummawa kaɗan ga iskar oxygen ga [[Sararin Samaniya na Duniya|yanayi]] ta hanyar photosynthesis.<ref>Broeker, Wallace S. (2006). "Breathing easy: Et tu, O₂." Columbia University [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/21stC/issue-2.1/broecker.htm Columbia.edu]</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moran |first=Emilio F. |year=1993 |title=Deforestation and land use in the Brazilian Amazon |journal=Human Ecology |volume=21 |pages=1–21 |doi=10.1007/BF00890069 |s2cid=153481315}}</ref> === Dajin ruwan sama mai matsakaici === [[File:Temperate_rainforest_map.svg|thumb|Rarrabawar gandun daji na matsakaicidazuzzuka masu zafi]] [[File:Rain_Forest_Walk_-_Pacific_Rim_National_Park_-_Vancouver_Island_BC_-_Canada_-_01.jpg|thumb|Kudancin ruwan sama a cikin Pacific Rim National Park Reserve a Kanada]] dazuzzuka masu zafi sun rufe babban bangare na duniya, amma gandun daji masu zafi suna faruwa ne kawai a wasu yankuna a duniya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Link |first=Timothy E. |last2=Unsworth |first2=Mike |last3=Marks |first3=Danny |date=August 2004 |title=The dynamics of rainfall interception by a seasonal temperate rainforest |url=https://archive.org/details/agricultural-and-forest-meteorology_2004-08-20_124_3-4/page/171 |journal=Agricultural and Forest Meteorology |volume=124 |issue=3–4 |pages=171–191 |bibcode=2004AgFM..124..171L |doi=10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.01.010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cunningham |first=S. C. |last2=Read |first2=J. |date=January 2003 |title=Do temperate rainforest trees have a greater ability to acclimate to changing temperatures than tropical rainforest trees? |journal=New Phytologist |volume=157 |issue=1 |pages=55–64 |doi=10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00652.x |pmid=33873691 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> dazuzzuka masu zafi sune gandun daji a yankuna masu zafi. Suna faruwa a [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]] (a cikin Pacific Northwest a [[Alaska]], [[British Columbia]], [[Washington (jiha)|Washington]], [[Oregon]] da [[California]]), a [[Turai]] (wasu sassa na Tsibirin Burtaniya kamar yankunan bakin teku na Ireland da Scotland, kudancin Norway, sassa na yammacin Balkans tare da bakin tekun Adriatic, da kuma [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]] da yankunan bakin tekun gabashin Black Sea, gami da [[Georgia]] da bakin tekuna na [[Turkiyya]]), a Gabashin Asiya (a kudancin [[Chile]], Highlands na [[Taiwan]], da Koriya, da kuma Tsibirin Sakhalin da ke kusa da Gabashin Gabashin Gabas ta Tsakiya da Gabashin Rasha da Gabashin Amurka), a Gabas ta Kudu (Kudancin Rasha) <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Temperate Rainforest |url=http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/biomes/temprain.htm}}</ref> === Kyakkyawan gandun daji === Kyakkyawan gandun daji suna da shimfiɗa mai buɗewa fiye da sauran gandun daji, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Coleby-Williams |first=Jerry |date=2020 |title=Kumbartcho Dry Rainforest |url=https://www.abc.net.au/gardening/factsheets/kumbartcho-dry-rainforest/12828434 |access-date=6 May 2022 |website=Gardening Australia |publisher=ABC}}</ref> kuma ana samun su a yankunan da ke da ruwan sama mai yawa (630-1,100 in)). Gabaɗaya suna da nau'o'i biyu na bishiyoyi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004 |title=Identification of Rainforest: Field Guide |url=https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/pnf/OGRFreviewFieldGuide.pdf |access-date=6 May 2022 |website=Department of Environment and Conservation |publisher=NSW Government}}</ref> == Layer == Kudancin ruwan sama na wurare masu zafi yawanci yana da yadudduka da yawa, kowannensu yana da tsire-tsire da dabbobi daban-daban da suka dace da rayuwa a wannan yanki. Misalan sun haɗa da fitowar, canopy, understory da kuma gandun daji.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Denslow |first=J S |date=November 1987 |title=Tropical Rainforest Gaps and Tree Species Diversity |journal=Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=431–451 |doi=10.1146/annurev.es.18.110187.002243}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Webb |first=Len |author-link=Leonard Webb (academic) |date=1 Oct 1959 |title=A Physiognomic Classification of Australian Rain Forests |journal=Journal of Ecology |publisher=British Ecological Society : Journal of Ecology Vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 551-570 |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=551–570 |bibcode=1959JEcol..47..551W |doi=10.2307/2257290 |jstor=2257290}}</ref> === Layer mai fitowa === '''Layer mai '''fitowa'''''' ya ƙunshi ƙananan manyan bishiyoyi da ake kira emergent, waɗanda ke girma sama da rufin gaba ɗaya, suna kaiwa tsawo na 45-55 m, kodayake a wasu lokuta wasu nau'o'in zasu girma zuwa 70-80 m tsawo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sabah |url=http://www.nativetreesociety.org/worldtrees/sea_ei/malaysia/sabah2005.htm |access-date=2007-11-14 |publisher=Eastern Native Tree Society |archive-date=2008-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228080143/http://www.nativetreesociety.org/worldtrees/sea_ei/malaysia/sabah2005.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Suna buƙatar su iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi da iska mai ƙarfi da ke faruwa a sama da rufin a wasu yankuna. [[Mikiya|Eagles]], butterflies, bats da wasu [[Biri|birai]] suna zaune a wannan Layer. kk8o2783mmpg5bfr6sugmxx2aa94abz 0 79860 974868 531141 2026-11-01T16:07:56Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:CSUC University Box Office, Chico-02694.jpg|thumb|Kwalejin Jami'ar Kirista]] [[Fayil:Autumn in London (4027333970).jpg|thumb|Kolegin kitisyan london]] '''Kwalejin Jami'ar Kirista''' tana ɗaya daga cikin kwalejojin jami'a da Hukumar Kula da Ƙasashen Ƙasa ta amince da su a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata.<ref name="NAB">{{Cite web |title=Accredited Institutions - University Colleges |url=http://www.nab.gov.gh/nabsite/pages/accredited_institute3.php?skey=unicol&Search=Search |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071019045941/http://www.nab.gov.gh/nabsite/pages/accredited_institute3.php?skey=unicol&Search=Search |archive-date=2007-10-19 |access-date=2007-03-22 |website=Official Website |publisher=National Accreditation Board}}</ref><ref name="CSUC">{{Cite web |title=Christian Service University |url=https://www.csuc.edu.gh |access-date=2007-03-22 |website=Official Website |publisher=Christian Service University College}}</ref> Tana da alaƙa da [[Jami'ar Ghana]], <ref name="NAB" /> da Jami'an Cape Coast. <ref name="CSUC" /> Tana cikin [[Kumasi]], birni na biyu mafi girma a [[Ghana]]. == Tarihi == Bishara ta Duniya don Kristi (WEC) ta sami dukiya a Kumasi inda suka gina gidaje huɗu da ɗakin rediyo tare da shirye-shiryen gina babban gini don zama farkon kwalejin horo. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1974, an fara karatun zama na farko tare da dalibai huɗu; a shekarar 2020, kwalejin ta zama jami'ar Kirista ta bishara. == Cibiya == Jami'ar ta dogara ne akan babban harabar da ke cikin Kumasi, babban birnin yankin Ashanti. == Shirye-shirye == '''Ƙananan (Degree Programs) ''' * Bachelor of Arts a cikin tauhidin tare da Gudanarwa * Bachelor of Arts a cikin karatun sadarwa * Bachelor of Arts a cikin Shirye-shirye da Ci gaba * Bachelor of Science a Midwifery * Bachelor of Science a Nursing * Bachelor of Science a kimiyyar kwamfuta * Bachelor na Kimiyya a Fasahar Bayanai * Bachelor of Business Administration: Human Resource Management * Bachelor of Business Administration: Tallace-tallace * Bachelor of Business Administration: Accounting * Bachelor of Business Administration: Banking da Finance '''Postgraduate (Master Programs) ''' * Jagoran Fasaha a Ma'aikatar Kirista tare da Gudanarwa * Jagoran Kimiyya a cikin Lissafi da Kudi * Jagoran Kimiyya a Kulawa da Bincike * Jagoran Kimiyya a Shirye-shiryen Kasuwanci da Gudanarwa * MPhil a cikin Ilimi na Turanci * MPhil a cikin Lissafi * MA/ Mphil a cikin Nazarin Sadarwa == Dalibai da malamai == Jami'ar tana da tallafi da ma'aikatan baiwa 161. Yawan dalibai a watan Janairun shekarar 2020 ya kai 1,904 == Majalisar Wakilan Dalibai == Jami'ar tana da ƙungiyar ɗalibai da aka sani da [https://www.csuc.edu.gh/students/ Majalisar Wakilan Dalibai]. Wannan ya wanzu tun shekara ta 1983. <ref name="SRC">{{Cite web |title=About us |url=https://www.csuc.edu.gh/students/ |access-date=2007-03-22 |website=Official Website |publisher=Christian Service University College Students' Representative Council}}</ref> * [[Jerin jami'o'i a Ghana]] == Bayani == [[Category: Kwalejoji a Ghana]] ka1nhgodhjvaqr6fj4hwlc43xx6fkwj 0 80420 975137 939676 2026-11-02T08:03:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975137 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Human Rights participant.jpg|thumb|Yanci yara ]] Dokar haƙƙin ɗan adam ta duniya ('''IHRL''') ita ce tsarin doka ta ƙasa da ƙasa wanda aka tsara don inganta haƙƙin ɗanɗano a matakin zamantakewa, yanki, da na cikin gida. A matsayin wani nau'i na dokar ƙasa da ƙasa, dokar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta kunshi Yarjejeniyoyi, yarjejeniyoyi tsakanin ƙasashe masu zaman kansu da aka nufa don samun tasirin doka tsakanin bangarorin da suka amince da su; da kuma dokar kasa da ta al'ada. Sauran kayan aikin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da kasa, yayin da ba su da doka, suna ba da gudummawa ga aiwatarwa, fahimta da ci gaban dokar kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam ta kasa da kasa kuma an san su a matsayin tushen wajibai na ''siyasa''.<ref>Human rights, A very short introduction replace this with a better reference later</ref> Dokar kare hakkin dan adam ta kasa da kasa, wacce ke jagorantar halin da wata jiha ke yi wa mutanenta a lokacin zaman lafiya ana ganinta a matsayin mai banbanci daga Dokar jin kai ta kasa da kasa wacce ke jagora da halin da wata Jiha ke yi a lokacin rikici, kodayake rassan biyu na doka suna da alaƙa kuma a wasu hanyoyi sun haɗu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2015 |title=What is the difference between IHL and human rights law? |url=https://www.icrc.org/en/document/what-difference-between-ihl-and-human-rights-law |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121104817/https://www.icrc.org/en/document/what-difference-between-ihl-and-human-rights-law |archive-date=Nov 21, 2023 |publisher=ICRC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2010 |title=IHL and human rights law |url=https://www.icrc.org/en/document/ihl-human-rights-law |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214125734/https://www.icrc.org/en/document/ihl-human-rights-law |archive-date=Feb 14, 2024 |publisher=ICRC |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Koskenniemi |first=Martti |date=September 2002 |title=Fragmentation of International Law? Postmodern Anxieties |journal=Leiden Journal of International Law |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=553–579 |doi=10.1017/S0922156502000262 |s2cid=146783448}}</ref> Wani hangen nesa ya bayyana cewa dokar jin kai ta kasa da kasa tana wakiltar aikin dokar kare hakkin dan adam ta kasa da Kasa; ya haɗa da ka'idojin gabaɗaya waɗanda ke aiki ga kowa a kowane lokaci da ka'idodin musamman waɗanda ke aiki da wasu yanayi kamar rikici tsakanin jihohi da aikin soja (watau IHL) ko wasu kungiyoyin mutane ciki har da 'yan gudun hijira (misali Yarjejeniyar 'Yancin Yara ta shekarar 1951), da fursunonin yaki (Yar Geneva ta Uku ta shekarar 1949). == Tsarin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. == Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya amince da sanarwar Vienna da shirin a [[Fayil:International_Human_Rights_Day_2018_(45346105045).jpg|thumb|Ranar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya ta 2018 (45346105045) ]] A shekara ta 2006, an maye gurbin Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin ɗan Adam ta Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya da Majalisar Kare Haƙƙin dan Adam ta Majalisar don aiwatar da dokar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ta duniya. Canje-canjen sun yi jagoranci game da ƙungiyar da aka tsara tare da buƙatar sake duba shari'o'in haƙƙin ɗan adam kowane shekaru huɗu. Manufar Ci Gaban Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 10, ta kuma yi niyya da inganta dokoki da manufofi don rage rashin daidaito.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Goal 10 targets |url=https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-10-reduced-inequalities/targets.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127140337/https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-10-reduced-inequalities/targets.html |archive-date=27 November 2020 |access-date=2020-09-23 |website=UNDP |language=en}}</ref> === Sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya === [[Fayil:Eleanor_Roosevelt_UDHR.jpg|thumb|Eleanor Roosevelt UDHR]] Sanarwar Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) wata sanarwa ce ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wacce ba ta haifar da dokar kare hakkin dan adam ta duniya ba. Yawancin malaman shari'a sun ambaci [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|UDHR]] a matsayin shaida ta al'ada ta kasa da kasa. Fiye da haka, UDHR, ta zama mai ba da izini ga haƙƙin ɗan adam. Ya samar da tushe ga kayan aikin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da kasa waɗanda suka samar da dokar kare hakkin dan Adam ta kasa da kasa. == Yarjejeniyar 'yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya. == Acikin shekara ta 1983 baya ga karɓar alkawari biyu masu yawa waɗanda suka zama wani ɓangare na Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya (watau Alkawari na Duniya kan' Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa da Alkawari ta Duniya kan' yancin Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu), an karɓi wasu yarjejeniyoyi a matakin duniya. Wadannan an san su da ''Kayan aikin kare hakkin dan adam''. Wasu daga cikin mafi mahimmanci sun hada da: == Kare yanki da cibiyoyi. == Tsarin yanki na dokar kare hakkin dan adam ta kasa da kasa ya kara da kuma karawa dokar kare hakkin bil'adama ta kasa da ta kasa ta hanyar karewa da inganta haƙƙin dan adam a takamaiman yankuna na duniya. Akwai muhimman kayan aikin haƙƙin ɗan adam guda uku waɗanda suka kafa dokar haƙƙin ɗanɗano a kan yanki: * [[Yarjejeniya Ta Afirka Kan Hakkokin Ɗan Adam da Jama'a|Yarjejeniyar Afirka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a]] don Afirka ta shekarar 1981, tana aiki tun 1986; * Yarjejeniyar Amurka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam ga Amurka ta shekarar 1969, tana aiki tun 1978; da * [[Yarjejeniyar Turai kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam|Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam]] na Turai ta shekarar 1950, tana aiki tun 1953. === Amurka da Turai === * Yarjejeniyar Jama'a ta Turai ta shekarar 1961, tana aiki tun 1965 (wanda tsarin korafe-korafe, wanda aka kirkira a 1995 a karkashin Additional Protocol, yana aiki tun 1998); da * Yarjejeniyar San Salvador ga ACHR don Amurka ta shekarar 1988, tana aiki tun 1999. === Afirka === Kungiyar [[Tarayyar Afrika|Tarayyar Afirka]] (AU) ƙungiya ce ta ƙasashe 55, na Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AU Member States |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/memberstates/map.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080105082457/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/memberstates/map.htm |archive-date=5 January 2008 |access-date=3 January 2008 |publisher=African Union}}</ref> An kafa shi a shekara ta 2001, manufar AU ita ce taimakawa wajen tabbatar da dimokuradiyya ta Afirka, haƙƙin ɗan adam, da tattalin arziki mai ɗorewa, musamman ta hanyar kawo ƙarshen rikice-rikicen Afirka da ƙirƙirar kasuwa mai tasiri da ƙwarewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AU in a Nutshell |url=http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/AboutAu/au_in_a_nutshell_en.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071230204052/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/AboutAu/au_in_a_nutshell_en.htm |archive-date=30 December 2007 |access-date=3 January 2008}}</ref> Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a ita ce babbar kayan aikin kare hakkin dan adam na yankin, wanda ya fito ne a karkashin jagorancin Kungiyar hadin kan Afirka (OAU) (tun lokacin da aka maye gurbin ta da Kungiyar Afirka). An sanar da niyyar tsara [[Yarjejeniya Ta Afirka Kan Hakkokin Ɗan Adam da Jama'a|Yarjejeniyar Afirka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a]] a shekarar 1979. An amince da Yarjejeniyar gaba ɗaya a taron OAU na 1981. Dangane da Mataki na 63, (wanda ya sa ya "yi aiki watanni uku bayan karɓar da Sakatare Janar ya yi na kayan tabbatarwa ko bin mafi rinjaye" na kasashe membobin OAU), Yarjejeniyar Afirka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a ta fara aiki a ranar 21 ga watan Oktoba shekarar 1986, don girmamawa da aka ayyana ranar 21, ga watan October. <ref>[[African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights]].</ref> [[Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam da Jama'a ta Afirka|Hukumar Afirka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a]] (ACHPR) kungiya ce ta shari'a ta [[Tarayyar Afrika|Tarayyar Afirka]], wacce ke da alhakin ingantawa da kare' yancin dan adam da haƙƙin jama'a a duk faɗin nahiyar Afirka, da kuma fassara Yarjejeniyar Afirka kan' yancin Dan Adam, da kuma la'akari da korafe-korafe na mutum game da keta Yarjejeniyar. Hukumar tana da manyan fannoni uku na alhakin: <ref name="mandate">{{Cite web |title=Mandate of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights |url=http://www.achpr.org/english/_info/mandate_en.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080120104536/http://www.achpr.org/english/_info/mandate_en.html |archive-date=20 January 2008 |access-date=3 January 2008}}</ref> # inganta haƙƙin ɗan adam da na mutane; # kare hakkin dan adam da na mutane; da kuma # fassara [[Yarjejeniya Ta Afirka Kan Hakkokin Ɗan Adam da Jama'a|Yarjejeniyar Afirka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a]]. A cikin bin waɗannan manufofi, an ba da izinin hukumar ta "tattara takardu, gudanar da karatu da bincike kan matsalolin Afirka a fannin haƙƙin ɗan adam da na mutane, shirya tarurruka, tarurruka da tarurruka، yada bayanai, ƙarfafa cibiyoyin ƙasa da na gida da suka shafi haƙƙin ɗan'uwa da na mutane kuma, idan lamarin ya taso, ya ba da ra'ayoyinsa ko ya ba da shawarwari ga gwamnatoci.<ref name="mandate"/><ref>Art. 45.</ref> Tare da kirkirar Kotun Afirka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a (a karkashin wata yarjejeniya ga Yarjejeniyar da aka karɓa a shekarar 1998 kuma ta fara aiki a watan Janairun 2004), hukumar za ta sami ƙarin aiki na shirya shari'o'i don gabatar da su ga ikon Kotun.<ref name="court">{{Cite web |title=Protocol to the African Charter on human and peoples' rights on the establishment of an African court on human and peoples' rights |url=http://www.achpr.org/english/_info/court_en.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302212249/http://www.achpr.org/english/_info/court_en.html |archive-date=2 March 2012 |access-date=3 January 2008}}</ref> A cikin yanke shawara na watan Yulin shekarar 2004, Majalisar AU ta yanke shawarar cewa Kotun nan gaba kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a za a haɗa ta da Kotun Shari'a ta Afirka. [[Kotun Shari'a ta Tarayyar Afirka ta|Kotun Shari'a ta Tarayyar Afirka]] an yi niyyar zama "babban bangaren shari'a na Tarayyar". <ref>Protocol of the Court of Justice of the African Union, Article 2.2.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Protocol of the Court of Justice of the African Union |url=http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Treaties_%20Conventions_%20Protocols/Protocol%20to%20the%20African%20Court%20of%20Justice%20-%20Maputo.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724225448/http://www.africa-union.org/official_documents/Treaties_%20Conventions_%20Protocols/Protocol%20to%20the%20African%20Court%20of%20Justice%20-%20Maputo.pdf |archive-date=24 July 2011 |access-date=22 September 2010 |publisher=African Union}}</ref> Kodayake har yanzu ba a kafa shi ba, an yi niyyar karɓar ayyukan Hukumar Afirka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a, da kuma aiki a matsayin babbar kotun Tarayyar Afirka, fassara duk dokokin da yarjejeniyoyi masu mahimmanci. Yarjejeniyar da ta kafa Kotun Afirka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a ta fara aiki a watan Janairun shekara ta 2004, amma hadewarta da Kotun Shari'a ta jinkirta kafa ta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2004 |title=Open Letter to the Chairman of the African Union (AU) seeking clarifications and assurances that the Establishment of an effective African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights will not be delayed or undermined |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/alfresco_asset/dc501e2c-a5f9-11dc-bc7d-3fb9ac69fcbb/ior630082004en.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080218001241/http://www.amnesty.org/en/alfresco_asset/dc501e2c-a5f9-11dc-bc7d-3fb9ac69fcbb/ior630082004en.pdf |archive-date=18 February 2008 |access-date=4 December 2016 |publisher=Amnesty International}}</ref> Yarjejeniyar da ta kafa Kotun Shari'a za ta fara aiki lokacin da kasashe goma sha biyar suka tabbatar da ita.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Court of Justice |url=http://www.aict-ctia.org/courts_conti/acj/acj_home.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726152112/http://aict-ctia.org/courts_conti/acj/acj_home.html |archive-date=26 July 2013 |access-date=3 January 2008 |publisher=African International Courts and Tribunals}}</ref> Akwai kasashe da yawa a Afirka da ake zargi da keta haƙƙin ɗan adam da al'ummomin duniya da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suka yi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Human Rights Watch Africa |url=http://hrw.org/doc/?t=africa |access-date=3 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080101031422/http://www.hrw.org/doc/?t=africa |archive-date=1 January 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> === Tsarin Amurkawa. === Kungiyar Amurka (OAS) kungiya ce ta kasa da kasa da ke da hedikwata a Washington, DC . Mambobin sa sune kasashe masu zaman kansu talatin da biyar na Amurka. A cikin shekarun 1990s, tare da kawo karshen yakin cacar baka, da komawar mulkin dimokuradiyya a Latin Amurka, da kuma burin dunkulewar duniya, kungiyar OAS, ta yi kokarin sake farfado da kanta domin dacewa da sabon yanayin.  Abubuwan da aka bayyana a yanzu sun haɗa da masu zuwa:<ref>{{Cite web |title=OAS Key Issues |url=http://www.oas.org/key_issues/eng/default.asp |access-date=3 January 2008}}</ref> * karfafa dimokuradiyya; * aiki don zaman lafiya; * kare haƙƙin ɗan adam; * yaki da cin hanci da rashawa; * haƙƙin 'yan asalin ƙasar; da * inganta ci gaba mai ɗorewa. Hukumar Inter-American kan 'Yancin Dan Adam (IACHR) kungiya ce mai cin gashin kanta ta Kungiyar Amurka, kuma tana zaune a Washington, DC. Tare da Kotun Inter-American na'Yancin Dan adam, da ke zaune a [[San José|San Jose]], Costa Rica, tana ɗaya daga cikin hukumomin da suka ƙunshi tsarin Amurka don ingantawa da kare haƙƙin ɗan adam. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Directory of OAS Authorities |url=http://www.oas.org/documents/eng/biographies.asp?group=hhrr |access-date=3 January 2008 |publisher=Organization of American States}}</ref> IACHR kungiya ce ta dindindin wacce ke haɗuwa a zaman yau da kullun da na musamman sau da yawa a shekara don bincika zarge-zargen keta haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin yankin. Ayyukanta na haƙƙin ɗan adam sun samo asali ne daga takardu uku: <ref>{{Cite web |title=What is the IACHR? |url=http://www.cidh.oas.org/what.htm |access-date=3 January 2008 |publisher=Inter-American Commission on Human Rights}}</ref> # Yarjejeniyar OAS; # Sanarwar Amurka game da 'Yancin da Ayyukan Mutum; da kuma # Yarjejeniyar Amurka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam . An kafa Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Amurka a cikin 1979 tare da manufar tilasta da fassara tanadin Yarjejeniyar Amurka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam. Saboda haka manyan ayyukanta guda biyu sune yanke hukunci da ba da shawara: * A karkashin tsohon, yana sauraro da dokoki game da takamaiman shari'o'in keta haƙƙin ɗan adam da aka ambata. * A karkashin wannan na ƙarshe, yana ba da ra'ayoyi game da batutuwan fassarar shari'a da wasu hukumomin OAS ko jihohin membobin suka kawo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Inter-American Court on Human Rights homepage |url=http://www.corteidh.or.cr/index.cfm?CFID=25331&CFTOKEN=36922058 |access-date=3 January 2008 |publisher=Inter-American Court on Human Rights}}</ref> Kasashe da yawa a Amurka, ciki har da Colombia, Cuba, Mexico da Venezuela, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Human rights in Venezuela |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/americas/south-america/venezuela/report-venezuela/ |access-date=2023-07-03 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}</ref> an zarge su da keta haƙƙin ɗan adam. === Tsarin Turai. === Majalisar Turai, wacce aka kafa a 1949, ita ce kungiyar da ta fi tsufa da ke aiki don hadin kan Turai. Kungiyar kasa da kasa ce tare da halayyar shari'a da aka amince da ita a karkashin dokar kasa da kasa, kuma tana da matsayin mai lura a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Cibiyar majalisar tana cikin [[Strasbourg]] a Faransa. Majalisar Turai tana da alhakin [[Yarjejeniyar Turai kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam|Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam]] da Kotun 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Turai.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |title=Gender and reproductive rights home page |url=http://who.int/reproductive-health/gender/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021221211348/http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/gender/index.html |archive-date=21 December 2002 |access-date=29 August 2010 |publisher=Who.int}}</ref> Wadannan cibiyoyin suna ɗaure membobin majalisa zuwa tsarin haƙƙin ɗan adam wanda, kodayake yana da tsauri, ya fi na Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan haƙƙin ɗanɗano. Har ila yau, majalisar tana inganta Yarjejeniyar Turai don Harsunan Yankin ko Ƙananan Hukumomi da Yarjejeniyar Jama'a ta Turai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Social Charter |url=http://www.coe.int/T/E/Human_Rights/Esc/ |access-date=4 January 2008 |publisher=Council of Europe}}</ref> Kasancewa memba yana buɗewa ga duk jihohin Turai waɗanda ke neman Haɗin kai na Turai, karɓar ƙa'idar mulkin doka, kuma suna iyawa kuma suna shirye su tabbatar da dimokuradiyya, haƙƙin ɗan adam na asali da [[Ƴancin siyasa|'yanci]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Council of Europe in Brief |url=http://www.coe.int/T/e/Com/about_coe/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080109045152/http://www.coe.int/T/e/Com/about_coe/ |archive-date=9 January 2008 |access-date=4 January 2008}}</ref> Majalisar Turai ta rabu da [[Tarayyar Turai]], amma ana sa ran ƙarshen zai shiga Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam. Majalisar ta hada da dukkan kasashe mambobin Tarayyar Turai. Har ila yau, Tarayyar Turai tana da takardar kare hakkin dan adam daban, Yarjejeniyar Hakki na Tarayyar Tarayyar Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Juncker, Jean-Claude |date=11 April 2006 |title=Council of Europe – European Union: "A sole ambition for the European Continent" |url=http://www.gouvernement.lu/salle_presse/actualite/2006/04/11conseil_europe/english_mod.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501121011/http://www.gouvernement.lu/salle_presse/actualite/2006/04/11conseil_europe/english_mod.pdf |archive-date=1 May 2011 |access-date=4 January 2008 |publisher=Council of Europe}}</ref> Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam tun daga shekarar 1950, ta bayyana kuma ta tabbatar da' yancin dan adam da' yanci na asali a Turai.<ref name="EUCourt">{{Cite web |title=Historical Background to the European Court of Human Rights |url=http://www.echr.coe.int/ECHR/EN/Header/The+Court/The+Court/History+of+the+Court/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222001646/http://www.echr.coe.int/ECHR/EN/Header/The%20Court/The%20Court/History%20of%20the%20Court/ |archive-date=22 December 2007 |access-date=4 January 2008 |publisher=European Court of Human Rights}}</ref> Dukkanin kasashe 47, na Majalisar Turai sun sanya hannu kan wannan yarjejeniya, sabili da haka suna ƙarƙashin ikon Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai a Strasbourg.<ref name="EUCourt" /> Don hana azabtarwa da rashin mutunci ko rashin kulawa, an kafa Kwamitin Rigakafin azabtarwa.<ref>Article 3 of the Convention.</ref><ref>[[European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment]].</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=About the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture |url=http://www.cpt.coe.int/en/about.htm |access-date=4 January 2008 |publisher=European Committee for the Prevention of Torture}}</ref> Majalisar Turai ta kuma amince da Yarjejeniyar kan Ayyuka game da Cinikin Dan Adam a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2005, don kariya daga fataucin mutane da cin zarafin jima'i, Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Turai kan Kare Yara daga Cin zarafin Jima'i da Cin zarafin jimaʼi a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2007, da Yarjejeniya kan hanawa da yaki da tashin hankali kan mata da tashin hankali a cikin gida a watan Mayu 2011. Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai ita ce kawai kotun kasa da kasa da ke da iko don magance shari'o'in da mutane suka kawo maimakon jihohi.<ref name="EUCourt"/> A farkon shekara ta 2010, kotun tana da shari'o'i sama da 120,000, da jerin masu jira na shekaru da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 March 2008 |title=Virginia Law |url=http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2008_spr/roucounas.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511151905/http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2008_spr/roucounas.htm |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=29 August 2010 |publisher=Law.virginia.edu}}</ref><ref>[[BBC]] article </ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Swiss info article |url=http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/politics/Push_for_reform_of_backlogged_rights_court.html?cid=8314824 |access-date=29 August 2010 |publisher=Swissinfo.ch |archive-date=11 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511180333/http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/politics/Push_for_reform_of_backlogged_rights_court.html?cid=8314824 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kimanin daya daga cikin shari'o'i ashirin da aka gabatar a kotun an dauke shi da izini.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2008 |title=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2009/apr/11/european-court-of-human-rights |access-date=29 August 2010 |website=[[TheGuardian.com]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 2007, kotun ta ba da hukunce-hukunce 1,503. A halin yanzu, zai ɗauki shekaru 46, don sakewa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 January 2008 |title=Breaking news, Ireland |url=http://www.breakingnews.ie/archives/2008/0123/world/human-rights-cases-have-46-year-backlog-in-eu-345706.html |access-date=29 August 2010 |publisher=Breakingnews.ie}}</ref> == Kulawa, aiwatarwa da tilasta. == A halin yanzu babu kotun kasa da kasa da za ta gudanar da dokar kare hakkin dan adam ta kasa da kasa, amma kusan hukumomin shari'a sun wanzu a karkashin wasu yarjejeniyoyin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (kamar Kwamitin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam a karkashin ICCPR). Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta kasa da kasa (ICC) tana da iko kan laifin kisan kare dangi, [[Laifin Yaƙi|Laifukan yaki]] da Laifukan da aka yi wa bil'adama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How the Court works |url=https://www.icc-cpi.int/about/how-the-court-works/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161015175704/https://www.icc-cpi.int/about/how-the-court-works/Pages/default.aspx |archive-date=15 October 2016 |access-date=2021-09-17 |website=www.icc-cpi.int |language=en-GB}}</ref> Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai da Kotun Kare Kare Hakkin dan Adam ta Amurka suna aiwatar da dokar kare hakkin dan adam ta yanki. Kodayake waɗannan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa suna da iko a kan shari'o'i game da dokar jin kai ta duniya, yana da mahimmanci a gane, kamar yadda aka tattauna a sama, cewa tsarin biyu sun zama tsarin shari'a daban-daban.<ref>The Program for Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research, "Brief Primer on IHL"</ref> Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya suna da wasu hanyoyin tilasta bin doka. Wadannan sun hada da hukumomin yarjejeniya da ke haɗe da yarjejeniyoyi bakwai da ke aiki a halin yanzu, da kuma hanyoyin da Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ke yin korafi, tare da Binciken Lokaci na Duniya da Mai ba da rahoto na Musamman na Majalisar Dinkinobho (wanda aka sani da 1235 da 1503 bi da bi). <ref>{{Cite web |last=OHCHR |title=Human Rights Council Complaint Procedure |url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/complaints.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090308062731/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/complaints.htm |archive-date=8 March 2009 |access-date=6 February 2009}}</ref> Tilasta aiwatar da dokar kare hakkin dan adam ta kasa da kasa alhakin jihar ne; babban alhakin Jiha ne ya sanya haƙƙin ɗan adam na 'yan ƙasa ya zama gaskiya. A aikace, yawancin haƙƙin ɗan adam suna da wuyar tilasta su bisa doka, saboda rashin yarjejeniya game da aikace-aikacen wasu haƙƙoƙi, rashin dokokin ƙasa masu dacewa ko ƙungiyoyi da aka ba su ikon ɗaukar matakin shari'a don tilasta su.<ref>See, REDRESS, [http://www.redress.org/downloads/publications/master_enforcement%2030%20May%202006.pdf Enforcement of Awards for Victims of Torture and Other International Crimes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151203170231/http://www.redress.org/downloads/publications/master_enforcement%2030%20May%202006.pdf |date=2015-12-03 }} May, 2006</ref> A cikin kasashe sama da 110, an kafa Cibiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa (NHRIs) don karewa, ingantawa ko saka idanu kan haƙƙin ɗan adam tare da iko a cikin wata ƙasa. Kodayake ba duk NHRIs ba ne suka dace da ka'idodin Paris, <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2007 |title=Chart of the Status of National Institutions |url=http://www.nhri.net/2007/List_Accredited_NIs_Nov_2007.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216052314/http://www.nhri.net/2007/List_Accredited_NIs_Nov_2007.pdf |archive-date=16 February 2008 |access-date=6 January 2008 |publisher=National Human Rights Institutions Forum |quote=ACCREDITED BY THE INTERNATIONAL COORDINATING COMMITTEE OF NATIONAL INSTITUTIONS FOR THE PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS<br />In accordance with the Paris Principles and the ICC Sub-Committee Rules of Procedure, the following classifications for accreditation are used by the ICC: A: Compliance with the Paris Principles;<br />A(R): Accreditation with reserve – granted where insufficient documentation is submitted to confer A status;<br />B: Observer Status – Not fully in compliance with the Paris Principles or insufficient information provided to make a determination;<br />C: Non-compliant with the Paris Principles.}}</ref> yawan da tasirin waɗannan cibiyoyin suna ƙaruwa. An bayyana [[Ka'idodin Paris na Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Ka'idodin Paris]] a taron farko na kasa da kasa kan Cibiyoyin Kasa don Ingantawa da Kare Hakkin Dan Adam a Paris daga 7, zuwa 9, ga watan Oktoba shekarar 1991, kuma Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta karɓa ta 1992/54, na shekarar 1992, da Babban Taron 48/134, na 1993. Ka'idodin Paris sun lissafa nauyin da yawa ga NHRIs. === Ikon duniya. === Ikon duniya ka'ida ce mai rikitarwa a cikin dokar kasa da kasa, inda jihohi ke da'awar ikon aikata laifuka a kan mutanen da ake zargi da aikata laifukan da aka aikata a waje da iyakokin jihar mai gabatar da kara, ba tare da la'akari da ƙasa ba, ƙasar zama ko duk wata dangantaka da ƙasar da ke gabatar da kara. Jiha ta goyi bayan da'awarta a kan dalilin cewa laifin da aka aikata an dauke shi laifi ne a kan kowa, wanda kowane jiha ke da izinin azabtarwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Weiss |first=Peter |date=2008 |title=Universal Jurisdiction: Past, Present and Future |journal=Proceedings of the Asil Annual Meeting |volume=102 |pages=406–409 |doi=10.1017/S0272503700028032 |issn=0272-5037 |jstor=25660324 |s2cid=159412931}}</ref> Saboda haka manufar ikon duniya tana da alaƙa da ra'ayin cewa wasu ka'idojin kasa da kasa sune erga ''[[Erga omnes|Eromnes]]'', ko kuma suna da alaƙa ga dukan al'ummar duniya, da kuma manufar jus cogens. A shekara ta 1993, [[Beljik|Belgium]] ta zartar da "dokar ikon duniya" don ba kotun ta ikon kan laifukan da aka yi wa bil'adama a wasu ƙasashe. A shekara ta 1998, an kama Augusto Pinochet a Landan biyo bayan tuhumar da alƙalin Mutanen Espanya Baltasar Garzón ya yi a karkashin ka'idar shari'a ta duniya.<ref>Ball, Gready (2007) p.70</ref> Adolf Eichmann wanda shine tsohon kwamandan Nazi SS wanda ake zargi da kula da canja wurin Yahudawa zuwa sansanonin Holocaust kuma an tsananta masa a Isra'ila a shekarar 1961. Adolf yana zaune a Argentina bayan yakin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 1960 |title=Security Council resolution 138: Question relating to the case of Adolf Eichmann |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3b00f1cc74.html |access-date=13 October 2022 |publisher=United Nations Security Council}}</ref>[[Amnesty International]] da sauran Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam ne ke tallafawa ka'idar, wadanda suka yi imanin cewa wasu laifuka suna haifar da barazana ga al'ummar duniya gaba daya, kuma al'umma tana da aikin ɗabi'a don yin aiki. Sauran, kamar Henry Kissinger, <ref>Kissinger has himself been subject to calls for prosecution under universal jurisdiction. See Hitchens, Christopher, and David Rieff. "." ''Prospect'', 28 June 2001 (accessed 11 June 2013); Hitchens, Christopher. ''The Trial of Henry Kissinger''. London: Verso, 2001.</ref> suna jayayya cewa "yaduwar yarjejeniya cewa dole ne a gurfanar da keta haƙƙin ɗan adam da laifuka a kan bil'adama ya hana yin la'akari da rawar da kotuna na duniya ke takawa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kissinger, Henry |date=July–August 2001 |title=The Pitfall of Universal Jurisdiction |url=http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20010701faessay4996/henry-a-kissinger/the-pitfalls-of-universal-jurisdiction.html |url-status=dead |journal=Foreign Affairs |volume=80 |issue=4 |pages=86–96 |doi=10.2307/20050228 |jstor=20050228 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114024521/http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20010701faessay4996/henry-a-kissinger/the-pitfalls-of-universal-jurisdiction.html |archive-date=14 January 2009}}</ref> Ikon duniya yana da haɗarin haifar da zalunci na duniya - na alƙalai. " == Duba kuma. == == Haɗin waje. == * [http://www.ohchr.org/ UNHCHR] * [https://www.un.org/ Shafin yanar gizon Majalisar Dinkin Duniya] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070513125722/http://www.un.org/law/ Shafin yanar gizon Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Dokar Duniya] * [http://www.icj-cij.org/ Shafin yanar gizon hukuma na Kotun Shari'a ta Duniya] * [http://www.ijrcenter.org/ Cibiyar Kula da Harkokin Shari'a ta Duniya - cikakkun albarkatun kan layi da labarai] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106115850/https://ijrcenter.org/ |date=2022-01-06 }} [[Rukuni:Ƴancin Ɗan Adam]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ==Manazarta== {{reflist|2}} 03c6396wdozizhxb7n2ldi01qk44ezd 0 80841 974812 722953 2026-11-01T15:46:42Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974812 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anousa "Jack" Luangsuphom''' (Lao ອານຸຊາ 'ແຈັກ' ຫຼວງສຸພັນ; an haife shi a shekarar c. 1998) ɗan rajin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ɗan ƙasar Laoti ne wanda aka bayyana a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin sanannun masu sukar gwamnatin Laos, waɗanda ke amfani da ƙungiyoyin Facebook guda biyu don ba da rahoto game da cin hanci da rashawa da cin zarafin ɗan adam a cikin ƙasar tare da yin kira da a yi gyare-gyaren demokraɗiyya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Ng |first=Kelly |date=3 May 2023 |title=Laos activist Anousa Luangsuphom killed in 'brazen' public shooting |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-65465770 |access-date=3 May 2023}}</ref> == Gwagwarmaya == Luangsuphom ɗan asalin Chanthabuly, [[Vientiane]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Vongphachanh |first=Manyphone |date=3 May 2023 |title=25-year-old man fatally shot in Vientiane capital |work=The Laotian Times |url=https://laotiantimes.com/2023/05/03/25-year-old-man-fatally-shot-in-vientiane-capital/ |access-date=3 May 2023}}</ref> Luangsuphom da farko yana amfani da [[Fezbuk|Facebook]] ne don bayar da rahoto kan take haƙƙin bil'adama a [[Laos]], kuma a kai a kai yana kira da a kawo karshen mulkin jam'iyya ɗaya a ƙasar; Jam'iyyar Lao People's Revolutionary Party ita ce kafa kuma ita kaɗai ce jam'iyya mai mulki ta Laos.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=3 May 2023 |title=Lao activist shot dead in Vientiane |work=[[Bangkok Post]] |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/2562600/lao-activist-shot-dead-in-vientiane |access-date=3 May 2023}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=2 May 2023 |title=Popular Lao activist who criticized the government on Facebook shot and killed |work=[[Radio Free Asia|RFA]] |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/laos/lao-activist-shot-05022023180136.html |access-date=3 May 2023}}</ref> Luangsuphom ya yi suka kan dangantakar siyasa da ke tsakanin Laos da [[Sin]], wanda yake ganin ya haifar da taɓarɓarewar yanayin rayuwa ga 'yan ƙasar Laoti, tare da sanya gwamnati ta kara arziki. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau ya kan yi rubutu kan batutuwan da suka haɗa da [[Gurbacewar Iska|gurbatar iska]]; [[Haƙƙin Ilimi|hakkin ilimi]]; da hakkin LGBT. <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2023 |title=Laos: fatal shooting of 25-year-old human rights defender 'Jack' must be investigated immediately |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/05/laos-activist-shooting-must-be-investigated/ |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=[[Amnesty International]]}}</ref> Luangsuphom ya gudanar da ƙungiyoyin Facebook guda biyu: "Kub Khuean Duay Keyboard" ([[Turanci]]: "wanda keyboard ke jagoranta"), wanda ke da mambobi 43,000 har zuwa Mayun shekarar 2023; da "Sor Tor Lor Jamhuriyar", wanda ke da mambobi 6000. <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2023 |title=Laos: fatal shooting of 25-year-old human rights defender 'Jack' must be investigated immediately |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/05/laos-activist-shooting-must-be-investigated/ |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=[[Amnesty International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/05/laos-activist-shooting-must-be-investigated/ "Laos: fatal shooting of 25-year-old human rights defender 'Jack' must be investigated immediately"]. ''[[Amnesty International]]''. 3 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> ''Jami'in diflomasiyyar'' ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan membobin kungiyoyin na da "muhimmanci" idan aka ba da girman Laos da ƙananan matakan shigar da intanet; Bugu da kari, duk jaridun ƙasar nan gwamnati ce ta buga su. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Helen |date=12 May 2014 |title=Laos: crony scheme in control of press and civil society |url=http://www.indexoncensorship.org/2014/05/laos-crony-scheme-control-press-civil-society/ |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=[[Index on Censorship]]}}</ref> Sakamakon gwagwarmayar da ya yi, [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]] ta kira Luangsuphom "ɗaya daga cikin mutane kalilan a Laos da ke bayyana ra'ayoyi akai-akai da kuma bayyana ra'ayoyin da ke sukar gwamnati". <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2023 |title=Laos: activist gunned down in Vientiane |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/05/03/laos-activist-gunned-down-vientiane |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=[[Human Rights Watch]]}}</ref> == Yin harbi == A ranar 29 ga watan Afrilu, 2023, wani ɗan bindiga da ke rufe fuska ya harbe Luangsuphom a fuska da ƙirji a After School Chocolate and Bar, kantin kofi a Chanthabouly, Vientiane; An naɗi harin ne a kafar CCTV. Da farko an ruwaito cewa ya mutu ne yayin da ake kai shi asibitin gadaje 150. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2023 |title=Laos: activist gunned down in Vientiane |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/05/03/laos-activist-gunned-down-vientiane |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=[[Human Rights Watch]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/05/03/laos-activist-gunned-down-vientiane "Laos: activist gunned down in Vientiane"]. ''[[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]]''. 3 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2 May 2023 |title=อุกอาจ! จ่อยิงดับแอดมิน "ขับเคลื่อนด้วยคีย์บอร์ด" เพจฝีปากกล้าวิจารณ์รัฐบาลลาว |url=https://mgronline.com/indochina/detail/9660000040223 |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=MGR Online |language=th}}</ref> Bayan harbin Luangsuphom, "Kub Kluen Duay Keyboard" ya inganta amfani da hashtag "ແຈັກຕ້ອງບ້່ຕາຍຟຣີ" (Turanci: "Adalci ga gwamnati") <ref>{{Cite web |title=ຂັບເຄື່ອນດ້ວຍຄີບອດ |url=https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100083284527044&paipv=0&eav=AfYvsEsZCK0r9R3F0GrI4zp1a-uSNKlXADc3rUsgMW40RkY6-KI_6fHxSVr-QY1XKRM |access-date=4 May 2023 |website=[[Facebook]]}}</ref> Kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Human Rights Watch, da [[Amnesty International]] sun soki lamirin mutuwar Luangsuphom a duniya, wanda ya yi kira ga gwamnatin Laotia da ta yi bincike. <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2023 |title=Laos: fatal shooting of 25-year-old human rights defender 'Jack' must be investigated immediately |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/05/laos-activist-shooting-must-be-investigated/ |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=[[Amnesty International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/05/laos-activist-shooting-must-be-investigated/ "Laos: fatal shooting of 25-year-old human rights defender 'Jack' must be investigated immediately"]. ''[[Amnesty International]]''. 3 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2023 |title=Laos: activist gunned down in Vientiane |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/05/03/laos-activist-gunned-down-vientiane |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=[[Human Rights Watch]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/05/03/laos-activist-gunned-down-vientiane "Laos: activist gunned down in Vientiane"]. ''[[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]]''. 3 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Harbin nasa na da nasaba da ɓacewar wasu masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama a Laos kamar Sombath Somphone da Odd Sayavong. A ranar 4 ga watan Mayu, danginsa sun fitar da sanarwar cewa ya tsira daga harbin, kuma kawai ya bayar da rahoton mutuwarsa don gudun kada a sake kai masa hari. A halin yanzu yana kwance a asibiti. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mao |first=Frances |last2=Ng |first2=Kelly |date=4 May 2023 |title=Laos activist Anousa Luangsuphom survived cafe shooting, rights group says |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-65465770 |website=BBC News}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga watan Mayu, gwamnatin Laotian ba ta ce komai ba game da harbin. == Duba kuma == * Sombath Samphone * Houayheuang Xayabouly * Sivanxai Phomalath == Manazarta == dt7uivcug66asrf2nkuy4eqfbzp8q9j 974813 974812 2026-11-01T15:47:01Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anousa "Jack" Luangsuphom''' (Lao ອານຸຊາ 'ແຈັກ' ຫຼວງສຸພັນ; an haife shi a shekarar c. 1998) ɗan rajin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ɗan ƙasar Laoti ne wanda aka bayyana a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin sanannun masu sukar gwamnatin Laos, waɗanda ke amfani da ƙungiyoyin Facebook guda biyu don ba da rahoto game da cin hanci da rashawa da cin zarafin ɗan adam a cikin ƙasar tare da yin kira da a yi gyare-gyaren demokraɗiyya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Ng |first=Kelly |date=3 May 2023 |title=Laos activist Anousa Luangsuphom killed in 'brazen' public shooting |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-65465770 |access-date=3 May 2023}}</ref> == Gwagwarmaya == Luangsuphom ɗan asalin Chanthabuly, [[Vientiane]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Vongphachanh |first=Manyphone |date=3 May 2023 |title=25-year-old man fatally shot in Vientiane capital |work=The Laotian Times |url=https://laotiantimes.com/2023/05/03/25-year-old-man-fatally-shot-in-vientiane-capital/ |access-date=3 May 2023}}</ref> Luangsuphom da farko yana amfani da [[Fezbuk|Facebook]] ne don bayar da rahoto kan take haƙƙin bil'adama a [[Laos]], kuma a kai a kai yana kira da a kawo karshen mulkin jam'iyya ɗaya a ƙasar; Jam'iyyar Lao People's Revolutionary Party ita ce kafa kuma ita kaɗai ce jam'iyya mai mulki ta Laos.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=3 May 2023 |title=Lao activist shot dead in Vientiane |work=[[Bangkok Post]] |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/2562600/lao-activist-shot-dead-in-vientiane |access-date=3 May 2023}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=2 May 2023 |title=Popular Lao activist who criticized the government on Facebook shot and killed |work=[[Radio Free Asia|RFA]] |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/laos/lao-activist-shot-05022023180136.html |access-date=3 May 2023}}</ref> Luangsuphom ya yi suka kan dangantakar siyasa da ke tsakanin Laos da [[Sin]], wanda yake ganin ya haifar da taɓarɓarewar yanayin rayuwa ga 'yan ƙasar Laoti, tare da sanya gwamnati ta kara arziki. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau ya kan yi rubutu kan batutuwan da suka haɗa da [[Gurbacewar Iska|gurbatar iska]]; [[Haƙƙin Ilimi|hakkin ilimi]]; da hakkin LGBT. <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2023 |title=Laos: fatal shooting of 25-year-old human rights defender 'Jack' must be investigated immediately |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/05/laos-activist-shooting-must-be-investigated/ |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=[[Amnesty International]]}}</ref> Luangsuphom ya gudanar da ƙungiyoyin Facebook guda biyu: "Kub Khuean Duay Keyboard" ([[Turanci]]: "wanda keyboard ke jagoranta"), wanda ke da mambobi 43,000 har zuwa Mayun shekarar 2023; da "Sor Tor Lor Jamhuriyar", wanda ke da mambobi 6000. <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2023 |title=Laos: fatal shooting of 25-year-old human rights defender 'Jack' must be investigated immediately |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/05/laos-activist-shooting-must-be-investigated/ |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=[[Amnesty International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/05/laos-activist-shooting-must-be-investigated/ "Laos: fatal shooting of 25-year-old human rights defender 'Jack' must be investigated immediately"]. ''[[Amnesty International]]''. 3 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> ''Jami'in diflomasiyyar'' ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan membobin kungiyoyin na da "muhimmanci" idan aka ba da girman Laos da ƙananan matakan shigar da intanet; Bugu da kari, duk jaridun ƙasar nan gwamnati ce ta buga su. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Helen |date=12 May 2014 |title=Laos: crony scheme in control of press and civil society |url=http://www.indexoncensorship.org/2014/05/laos-crony-scheme-control-press-civil-society/ |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=[[Index on Censorship]]}}</ref> Sakamakon gwagwarmayar da ya yi, [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]] ta kira Luangsuphom "ɗaya daga cikin mutane kalilan a Laos da ke bayyana ra'ayoyi akai-akai da kuma bayyana ra'ayoyin da ke sukar gwamnati". <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2023 |title=Laos: activist gunned down in Vientiane |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/05/03/laos-activist-gunned-down-vientiane |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=[[Human Rights Watch]]}}</ref> == Yin harbi == A ranar 29 ga watan Afrilun shekarar 2023, wani ɗan bindiga da ke rufe fuska ya harbe Luangsuphom a fuska da ƙirji a After School Chocolate and Bar, kantin kofi a Chanthabouly, Vientiane; An naɗi harin ne a kafar CCTV. Da farko an ruwaito cewa ya mutu ne yayin da ake kai shi asibitin gadaje 150. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2023 |title=Laos: activist gunned down in Vientiane |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/05/03/laos-activist-gunned-down-vientiane |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=[[Human Rights Watch]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/05/03/laos-activist-gunned-down-vientiane "Laos: activist gunned down in Vientiane"]. ''[[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]]''. 3 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2 May 2023 |title=อุกอาจ! จ่อยิงดับแอดมิน "ขับเคลื่อนด้วยคีย์บอร์ด" เพจฝีปากกล้าวิจารณ์รัฐบาลลาว |url=https://mgronline.com/indochina/detail/9660000040223 |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=MGR Online |language=th}}</ref> Bayan harbin Luangsuphom, "Kub Kluen Duay Keyboard" ya inganta amfani da hashtag "ແຈັກຕ້ອງບ້່ຕາຍຟຣີ" (Turanci: "Adalci ga gwamnati") <ref>{{Cite web |title=ຂັບເຄື່ອນດ້ວຍຄີບອດ |url=https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100083284527044&paipv=0&eav=AfYvsEsZCK0r9R3F0GrI4zp1a-uSNKlXADc3rUsgMW40RkY6-KI_6fHxSVr-QY1XKRM |access-date=4 May 2023 |website=[[Facebook]]}}</ref> Kungiyar kare hakkin bil'adama ta Human Rights Watch, da [[Amnesty International]] sun soki lamirin mutuwar Luangsuphom a duniya, wanda ya yi kira ga gwamnatin Laotia da ta yi bincike. <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2023 |title=Laos: fatal shooting of 25-year-old human rights defender 'Jack' must be investigated immediately |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/05/laos-activist-shooting-must-be-investigated/ |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=[[Amnesty International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/05/laos-activist-shooting-must-be-investigated/ "Laos: fatal shooting of 25-year-old human rights defender 'Jack' must be investigated immediately"]. ''[[Amnesty International]]''. 3 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2023 |title=Laos: activist gunned down in Vientiane |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/05/03/laos-activist-gunned-down-vientiane |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=[[Human Rights Watch]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/05/03/laos-activist-gunned-down-vientiane "Laos: activist gunned down in Vientiane"]. ''[[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]]''. 3 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Harbin nasa na da nasaba da ɓacewar wasu masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama a Laos kamar Sombath Somphone da Odd Sayavong. A ranar 4 ga watan Mayu, danginsa sun fitar da sanarwar cewa ya tsira daga harbin, kuma kawai ya bayar da rahoton mutuwarsa don gudun kada a sake kai masa hari. A halin yanzu yana kwance a asibiti. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mao |first=Frances |last2=Ng |first2=Kelly |date=4 May 2023 |title=Laos activist Anousa Luangsuphom survived cafe shooting, rights group says |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-65465770 |website=BBC News}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga watan Mayu, gwamnatin Laotian ba ta ce komai ba game da harbin. == Duba kuma == * Sombath Samphone * Houayheuang Xayabouly * Sivanxai Phomalath == Manazarta == 3poeqm3mn2pylom9cn1jva418m1k8jj 974814 974813 2026-11-01T15:47:21Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anousa "Jack" Luangsuphom''' (Lao ອານຸຊາ 'ແຈັກ' ຫຼວງສຸພັນ; an haife shi a shekarar c. 1998) ɗan rajin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ɗan ƙasar Laoti ne wanda aka bayyana a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin sanannun masu sukar gwamnatin Laos, waɗanda ke amfani da ƙungiyoyin Facebook guda biyu don ba da rahoto game da cin hanci da rashawa da cin zarafin ɗan adam a cikin ƙasar tare da yin kira da a yi gyare-gyaren demokraɗiyya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Ng |first=Kelly |date=3 May 2023 |title=Laos activist Anousa Luangsuphom killed in 'brazen' public shooting |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-65465770 |access-date=3 May 2023}}</ref> == Gwagwarmaya == Luangsuphom ɗan asalin Chanthabuly, [[Vientiane]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Vongphachanh |first=Manyphone |date=3 May 2023 |title=25-year-old man fatally shot in Vientiane capital |work=The Laotian Times |url=https://laotiantimes.com/2023/05/03/25-year-old-man-fatally-shot-in-vientiane-capital/ |access-date=3 May 2023}}</ref> Luangsuphom da farko yana amfani da [[Fezbuk|Facebook]] ne don bayar da rahoto kan take haƙƙin bil'adama a [[Laos]], kuma a kai a kai yana kira da a kawo karshen mulkin jam'iyya ɗaya a ƙasar; Jam'iyyar Lao People's Revolutionary Party ita ce kafa kuma ita kaɗai ce jam'iyya mai mulki ta Laos.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=3 May 2023 |title=Lao activist shot dead in Vientiane |work=[[Bangkok Post]] |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/2562600/lao-activist-shot-dead-in-vientiane |access-date=3 May 2023}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=2 May 2023 |title=Popular Lao activist who criticized the government on Facebook shot and killed |work=[[Radio Free Asia|RFA]] |url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/laos/lao-activist-shot-05022023180136.html |access-date=3 May 2023}}</ref> Luangsuphom ya yi suka kan dangantakar siyasa da ke tsakanin Laos da [[Sin]], wanda yake ganin ya haifar da taɓarɓarewar yanayin rayuwa ga 'yan ƙasar Laoti, tare da sanya gwamnati ta kara arziki. <ref name=":4" /> Har ila yau ya kan yi rubutu kan batutuwan da suka haɗa da [[Gurbacewar Iska|gurbatar iska]]; [[Haƙƙin Ilimi|hakkin ilimi]]; da hakkin LGBT. <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2023 |title=Laos: fatal shooting of 25-year-old human rights defender 'Jack' must be investigated immediately |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/05/laos-activist-shooting-must-be-investigated/ |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=[[Amnesty International]]}}</ref> Luangsuphom ya gudanar da ƙungiyoyin Facebook guda biyu: "Kub Khuean Duay Keyboard" ([[Turanci]]: "wanda keyboard ke jagoranta"), wanda ke da mambobi 43,000 har zuwa Mayun shekarar 2023; da "Sor Tor Lor Jamhuriyar", wanda ke da mambobi 6000. <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2023 |title=Laos: fatal shooting of 25-year-old human rights defender 'Jack' must be investigated immediately |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/05/laos-activist-shooting-must-be-investigated/ |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=[[Amnesty International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/05/laos-activist-shooting-must-be-investigated/ "Laos: fatal shooting of 25-year-old human rights defender 'Jack' must be investigated immediately"]. ''[[Amnesty International]]''. 3 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> ''Jami'in diflomasiyyar'' ya ba da rahoton cewa yawan membobin kungiyoyin na da "muhimmanci" idan aka ba da girman Laos da ƙananan matakan shigar da intanet; Bugu da kari, duk jaridun ƙasar nan gwamnati ce ta buga su. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Helen |date=12 May 2014 |title=Laos: crony scheme in control of press and civil society |url=http://www.indexoncensorship.org/2014/05/laos-crony-scheme-control-press-civil-society/ |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=[[Index on Censorship]]}}</ref> Sakamakon gwagwarmayar da ya yi, [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]] ta kira Luangsuphom "ɗaya daga cikin mutane kalilan a Laos da ke bayyana ra'ayoyi akai-akai da kuma bayyana ra'ayoyin da ke sukar gwamnati". <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2023 |title=Laos: activist gunned down in Vientiane |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/05/03/laos-activist-gunned-down-vientiane |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=[[Human Rights Watch]]}}</ref> == Yin harbi == A ranar 29 ga watan Afrilun shekarar 2023, wani ɗan bindiga da ke rufe fuska ya harbe Luangsuphom a fuska da ƙirji a After School Chocolate and Bar, kantin kofi a Chanthabouly, Vientiane; An naɗi harin ne a kafar CCTV. Da farko an ruwaito cewa ya mutu ne yayin da ake kai shi asibitin gadaje 150. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2023 |title=Laos: activist gunned down in Vientiane |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/05/03/laos-activist-gunned-down-vientiane |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=[[Human Rights Watch]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/05/03/laos-activist-gunned-down-vientiane "Laos: activist gunned down in Vientiane"]. ''[[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]]''. 3 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2 May 2023 |title=อุกอาจ! จ่อยิงดับแอดมิน "ขับเคลื่อนด้วยคีย์บอร์ด" เพจฝีปากกล้าวิจารณ์รัฐบาลลาว |url=https://mgronline.com/indochina/detail/9660000040223 |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=MGR Online |language=th}}</ref> Bayan harbin Luangsuphom, "Kub Kluen Duay Keyboard" ya inganta amfani da hashtag "ແຈັກຕ້ອງບ້່ຕາຍຟຣີ" (Turanci: "Adalci ga gwamnati") <ref>{{Cite web |title=ຂັບເຄື່ອນດ້ວຍຄີບອດ |url=https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100083284527044&paipv=0&eav=AfYvsEsZCK0r9R3F0GrI4zp1a-uSNKlXADc3rUsgMW40RkY6-KI_6fHxSVr-QY1XKRM |access-date=4 May 2023 |website=[[Facebook]]}}</ref> Ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin bil'adama ta Human Rights Watch, da [[Amnesty International]] sun soki lamirin mutuwar Luangsuphom a duniya, wanda ya yi kira ga gwamnatin Laotia da ta yi bincike. <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2023 |title=Laos: fatal shooting of 25-year-old human rights defender 'Jack' must be investigated immediately |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/05/laos-activist-shooting-must-be-investigated/ |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=[[Amnesty International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/05/laos-activist-shooting-must-be-investigated/ "Laos: fatal shooting of 25-year-old human rights defender 'Jack' must be investigated immediately"]. ''[[Amnesty International]]''. 3 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2023 |title=Laos: activist gunned down in Vientiane |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/05/03/laos-activist-gunned-down-vientiane |access-date=3 May 2023 |website=[[Human Rights Watch]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/05/03/laos-activist-gunned-down-vientiane "Laos: activist gunned down in Vientiane"]. ''[[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]]''. 3 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Harbin nasa na da nasaba da ɓacewar wasu masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama a Laos kamar Sombath Somphone da Odd Sayavong. A ranar 4 ga watan Mayu, danginsa sun fitar da sanarwar cewa ya tsira daga harbin, kuma kawai ya bayar da rahoton mutuwarsa don gudun kada a sake kai masa hari. A halin yanzu yana kwance a asibiti. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mao |first=Frances |last2=Ng |first2=Kelly |date=4 May 2023 |title=Laos activist Anousa Luangsuphom survived cafe shooting, rights group says |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-65465770 |website=BBC News}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga watan Mayu, gwamnatin Laotian ba ta ce komai ba game da harbin. == Duba kuma == * Sombath Samphone * Houayheuang Xayabouly * Sivanxai Phomalath == Manazarta == qxzpwq7hnj0rxee3lma97qqu8hkuopj 0 81978 975145 635099 2026-11-02T10:08:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dornith Doherty''' (an haife ta a shekarar 1957) 'yar Amurka ce mai ɗaukar hoto. ==Karatu da Aiki== Doherty ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko na Arts daga Jami'ar Rice a 1980 <ref name="RICE">{{Cite web |title=Dornith Doherty |url=https://vada.rice.edu/news-and-events/arts-in-the-humanities-lecture-series-archive/dornith-doherty |website=Department of Visual and Dramatic Arts {{!}} Rice University |language=en}}</ref> kuma daga Jami'an Yale digiri na MFA a [[Photography|daukar hoto]] a 1988. <ref name="GF">{{Cite web |title=John Simon Guggenheim Foundation {{!}} Dornith Doherty |url=https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/dornith-doherty/ |website=gf.org |access-date=2024-07-25 |archive-date=2022-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629090647/https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/dornith-doherty/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An haɗa aikinta a cikin tarin Gidan Tarihi na Fine Arts, Houston, <ref name="MFAH">{{Cite web |title=Dornith Doherty: Seed Head 2 |url=https://emuseum.mfah.org/objects/140676/seed-head-2?ctx=fc4c7202a1594d778ac3a081b9fe923c4606d447&idx=1078 |website=mfah.org |access-date=2024-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522155522/https://emuseum.mfah.org/objects/140676/seed-head-2?ctx=fc4c7202a1594d778ac3a081b9fe923c4606d447&idx=1078 |archive-date=2024-05-22 |url-status=dead}}</ref> da Cibiyar Fasaha ta Minneapolis. Ta kasance abokiyar kafa Guggenheim ta 2012.<ref name="GF"/> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1957]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] tu0cpvvbme8k1hakv9dy83ghrr7g8r0 0 83229 975124 511566 2026-11-02T06:08:22Z Zahrah0 14848 975124 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:2021-10-08 14 53 37 View east from Kaiakea Point in Kapa'a, Kauai, Hawaii.jpg|thumb|Hutun kogin Garin Kapa'a, Hawaii]] {{Infobox settlement <!-- Basic info ---------------->|official_name=Kapa'a, Hawaii|other_name=|native_name=<!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->|nickname=|settlement_type=[[Census-designated place]]|motto=<!-- images and maps ----------->|image_skyline=Kapaa_Kauai_Hawaii.jpg|imagesize=|image_caption=|image_flag=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_shield=|shield_size=|image_blank_emblem=|blank_emblem_type=|blank_emblem_size=|image_map=Kauai_County_Hawaii_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Kapaa_Highlighted.svg|mapsize=|map_caption=Location in [[Kauai County, Hawaii|Kauai County]] and the state of [[Hawaii]]|image_map1=|mapsize1=|map_caption1=|pushpin_map=<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->|pushpin_label_position=<!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->|pushpin_map_caption=|pushpin_mapsize=<!-- Location ------------------>|subdivision_type=[[List of sovereign states|Country]]|subdivision_name={{flag|United States}}|subdivision_type1=[[U.S. state|State]]|subdivision_name1={{flag|Hawaii}}|subdivision_type2=[[List of counties in Hawaii|County]]|subdivision_name2={{flagicon image|}} [[Kauai County, Hawaii|Kauai]]|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=|subdivision_type4=|subdivision_name4=<!-- Politics ----------------->|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=|leader_name=|leader_title1=|leader_name1=|leader_title2=|leader_name2=|leader_title3=|leader_name3=|leader_title4=|leader_name4=|established_title=|established_date=|established_title2=<!-- Incorporated (town) -->|established_date2=|established_title3=<!-- Incorporated (city) -->|established_date3=<!-- Area --------------------->|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=Imperial|area_footnotes=<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_15.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=December 18, 2021}}</ref>|area_total_km2=26.84|area_land_km2=25.98|area_water_km2=0.86|area_total_sq_mi=10.37|area_land_sq_mi=10.03|area_water_sq_mi=0.33|area_water_percent=|area_urban_km2=|area_urban_sq_mi=|area_metro_km2=|area_metro_sq_mi=|area_blank1_title=|area_blank1_km2=|area_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- Population ----------------------->|population_as_of=[[2020 United States Census|2020]]|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total=11652|population_density_km2=448.46|population_density_sq_mi=1161.48|population_metro=|population_density_metro_km2=|population_density_metro_sq_mi=|population_urban=|population_density_urban_km2=|population_density_urban_sq_mi=|population_blank1_title=|population_blank1=|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- General information --------------->|timezone=[[Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time Zone|Hawaii-Aleutian]]|utc_offset=-10|timezone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|coordinates={{coord|22|5|18|N|159|20|16|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=6|elevation_ft=20 <!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->|postal_code_type=[[ZIP code]]|postal_code=96746|area_code=[[Area code 808|808]]|blank_name=[[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]|blank_info=15-28850|blank1_name=[[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID|blank1_info=0360457|website=|footnotes=|pop_est_as_of=|pop_est_footnotes=|population_est=}} '''Kauai'a''' (Kauaʻi dialect: '''Tapa'a'''), wanda kuma aka rubuta shie da '''Kapaa''', wata al'umma ce da ba a kafa ta ba kuma wurin da aka zaba (CDP) a cikin Kauaʻi garin , [[Hawaii|Hawaii'i]], na Amurka. Ita ce birni mafi yawan jama'a a tsibirin Kauai, tare da yawan mutane wanda suka kai kimani 11,652 a ƙidayar jama'a ta 2020, <ref name="Census 2020">{{Cite web |title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Kapaa CDP, Hawaii |url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US1528850 |access-date=January 31, 2019 |website=American Factfinder |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> sama da 9,471 a ƙiddigar 2000. kalma ce ta Hawaiian da ke nufin "mai ƙarfi". An ka shi daga ka (da) da pa'a (mai ƙarfi). == Yanayin ƙasa == [[File:SleepingGiant.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px|Nounou mai girma mai barci]] Kapaʻ tana gefen gabas na Kauai a 22°5′18′′N 159°20′16′′W / 22.08833°N 159.33778°W / 22. 08833; -159.33778. (22.088281, -159. 337706). <ref name="GR1">{{Cite web |date=2011-02-12 |title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990 |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html |access-date=2011-04-23 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> Yana da iyaka a kudu da al'ummomin Wailua da Wailua Homesteads da gabas da Tekun Pacific. Hanyar Hawaii 56 ta ratsa gabashin yankin, tana jagorantar arewacin mil 6 (10 zuwa Anahola da kudu mil 8 (13 zuwa Lihue. A cewar , Kapa'a CDP yana da yanki na murabba'in kilomita 10.3 (.8 ), wanda 10.0 murabba'i kilomita (25.9 km2) ƙasa ne kuma 0.35 murabba'insa kilomita (0.9 km2) (3.27%) ruwa ne.<ref name="Census 2020">{{Cite web |title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Kapaa CDP, Hawaii |url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US1528850 |access-date=January 31, 2019 |website=American Factfinder |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US1528850 "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Kapaa CDP, Hawaii"]. </cite></ref> == Yawan jama'a ==   Ya zuwa ƙidayar jama'a na 2000, akwai mutane 9,471, gidaje 3,129, da iyalai 2,281 da ke zaune a cikin CDP.<ref name="GR2">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Census website |url=https://www.census.gov |access-date=2008-01-31 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> Yawan jama'a ya kasance mazauna 971. a kowace murabba'in mil (375.0/km2). Akwai gidaje 3,63 a matsakaicin matsakaicin 372.4 a kowace murabba'in mil (143.8/km2). Tsarin launin fata na CDP ya kasance 27.8% fari, 0.3% baƙar fata, 0.5% 'Yan asalin Amurka, 31.7% Asiya, 10.0% Pacific Islander, 1.0% daga wasu kabilu, da 28.7% daga kabilu biyu ko fiye. Hispanic ko Latino na kowane kabila sun kasance 9.5% na yawan jama'a. Akwai gidaje kimani 3,129, daga cikinsu kashi 40.6% suna da yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 18 da ke zaune tare da su, kashi 51.1% [[Aure|ma'aurata]] ne da ke zaune mmogo, kashi 15.0% suna da mace mai gida ba tare da miji ba, kuma kashi 27.1% ba iyalai ba ne. 20.4% na dukkan gidaje sun kunshi mutane, kuma 6.2% suna da wani da ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ke da shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman iyali ya kasance 2.99 kuma matsakaicin girman iyalin ya kasance 3.44. A cikin CDP yawan jama'a ya bazu, tare da kashi 29.8% a ƙarƙashin 18, 7.8% daga 18 zuwa 24, 29.3% daga 25 zuwa 44, 22.8% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 10.4% waɗanda suka kasance 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin shekarun ya kasance 35. Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 98.2. Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 da sama da haka, akwai maza 94.9. Matsakaicin kudin shiga na iyali a cikin CDP ya kasance $ 39,448, kuma matsakaicin kudin kudin shiga na dangi ya kasance $ 45,878. Maza suna da matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na $ 30,129 tare da $ 25,680 ga mata. Kudin da mutum ke samu ya kai dala 16,878. Kimanin kashi 14.1% na iyalai da kashi 15.7% na yawan jama'a sun kasance a ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da kashi 18.6% na waɗanda ba su kai shekara 18 ba da kuma kashi 12.6% na waɗanda suka fi 65 ko sama da haka. == Ilimi == Makarantar Kapaa High School da makarantar firamare da makarantar tsakiya ce ke aiki a garin. Akwai makarantar masu zaman kansu guda ɗaya, St. Catherine Catholic School (K-8; shirin makarantar sakandare na kan layi), wanda aka kafa a 1947. <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Catherine Catholic School website |url=http://kauaistcatherine.org/school |publisher=St. Catherine of Alexandria Parish}}</ref> == manazarta == <references /> {{Kauai County, Hawaii}}{{Authority control}} gzmvg5u9l1s48flh5ewedkpstfp7qir 0 83432 974802 965354 2026-11-01T14:02:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Brandon Sampson.jpg|thumb|Brandon Sampson]] '''Brandon Sampson''' (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Mayu, shekara ta 1997) ɗan wasan ƙwallon [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] ne na ƙwallon ƙafa na Ottawa Blackjacks na Kungiyar Kwallon Kwando ta Kanada (CEBL). Ya buga wasan kwallon Kwando na kwaleji a Jami'ar Jihar Louisiana (LSU). == Ayyukan makarantar sakandare == An kira Sampson Louisiana Mr. Basketball a matsayin babban jami'in Madison Preparatory Academy a shekarar 2015 bayan ya samu maki 15.9, 2.9 rebounds da 2.2 assists a kowane wasa wajen jagorantar tawagar zuwa gasar zakarun jihar.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=April 12, 2015 |title=Brandon Sampson follows in Jarell Martin's footsteps, named LSWA Mr. Basketball |url=http://highschoolsports.nola.com/news/article/-7024055653025786388/brandon-sampson-follows-in-jarell-martins-footsteps-named-lswa-mr-basketball/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006193747/http://highschoolsports.nola.com/news/article/-7024055653025786388/brandon-sampson-follows-in-jarell-martins-footsteps-named-lswa-mr-basketball/ |archive-date=October 6, 2015 |access-date=January 1, 2019 |website=[[The Times-Picayune]]}}</ref> Ya sanya hannu tare da kocin Steve Lavin a St. John's, amma ya sake buɗe alkawarinsa lokacin da aka kori Lavin a shekarar 2015. Daga karshe ya sanya hannu tare da garinsu LSU . == Ayyukan kwaleji == Sampson ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar LSU mai ɗaukar ma'aikata ga kocin Johnny Jones, wanda ya haɗa da 'yan wasan NBA na gaba Ben Simmons da Antonio Blakeney. Bayan wani abin takaici na sabon dan wasa, wanda ya ga Tigers ba su yi aiki a matsayin tawagar ba kuma minti na Sampson sun canza, ya sami ƙarin daidaito a matsayin dan wasa na biyu a kakar shekarar 2016-17.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bewers |first=James |date=October 29, 2016 |title=With lessons learned from an inconsistent freshman year, LSU guard Brandon Sampson assumes a leadership role |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/sports/lsu/article_879ba644-9d5d-11e6-b029-7b6d3426e893.html |access-date=January 1, 2019 |website=[[The Advocate (Louisiana)|The Advocate]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412051607/https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/sports/lsu/article_879ba644-9d5d-11e6-b029-7b6d3426e893.html |archive-date=April 12, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya sami maki 11.6 da 3.1 a cikin minti 27.5 a kowane wasa, ya fara mafi yawan kakar. A matsayinsa na ƙarami a shekara mai zuwa, Sampson ya sha wahala mai tsanani a idon sa ya rasa wata daya na kakar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mickles |first=Sheldon |date=November 22, 2017 |title=LSU guard Brandon Sampson suffered severely sprained ankle, could be out a month |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/sports/lsu/article_d7ec151a-cfb2-11e7-ad4a-87dc24c0074a.html |access-date=January 1, 2019 |website=[[The Advocate (Louisiana)|The Advocate]]}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bayan dawowarsa, Sampson yana da matsala tare da daidaito saboda tasirin raunin da ya faru.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hickey |first=Alex |date=January 22, 2018 |title=LSU basketball coach Will Wade challenges guard Brandon Sampson |url=https://www.daytondailynews.com/sports/college/lsu-basketball-coach-will-wade-challenges-guard-brandon-sampson/QVB9ExnrPsZHjKLleEFG1N/ |access-date=January 1, 2019 |website=[[Dayton Daily News]] |archive-date=January 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102002346/https://www.daytondailynews.com/sports/college/lsu-basketball-coach-will-wade-challenges-guard-brandon-sampson/QVB9ExnrPsZHjKLleEFG1N/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A kakar, ya sami maki 7.7 a cikin minti 18.9 a kowane wasa. == Ayyukan sana'a == Bayan ƙaramin lokacinsa, Sampson ya bayyana don shirin NBA na shekara ta 2018, amma ba a zabe shi ba. Bayan ya buga wa Atlanta Hawks wasa a gasar NBA ta shekara ta 2018 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pacleb |first=Zac |date=July 11, 2018 |title=After testing his luck, Ex-LSU guard Brandon Sampson's trying to make his mark in NBA Summer League |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/sports/lsu/article_a9c57fea-855c-11e8-9bf9-67e003f9650f.html |access-date=January 1, 2019 |website=[[The Advocate (Louisiana)|The Advocate]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102002158/https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/sports/lsu/article_a9c57fea-855c-11e8-9bf9-67e003f9650f.html |archive-date=January 2, 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Daga nan sai ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar baje kolin 10 tare da Houston Rockets, wanda daga ƙarshe ya sanya shi a cikin ƙungiyar NBA G League, Rio Grande Valley Vipers . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Feigen |first=Jonathan |date=October 9, 2018 |title=Rockets sign Brandon Sampson to an Exhibit 10 contract |url=https://www.chron.com/sports/rockets/article/Rockets-add-Brandon-Sampson-Angel-Rodriguez-to-G-13294434.php |access-date=January 1, 2019 |website=[[Houston Chronicle]]}}</ref> A wasanni 18 tare da Vipers, Sampson ya sami maki 17.6, 4.8 rebounds da 3.9 assists a kowane wasa. A ranar 27 ga watan Disamba, na shekara ta 2018, Sampson ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar hanyoyi biyu tare da Chicago Bulls . A karkashin sharuddan yarjejeniyar, zai raba lokaci tare da ƙungiyar Bulls 'G League, Windy City Bulls.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 27, 2018 |title=Bulls sign Brandon Sampson to two-way contract |url=https://www.nba.com/bulls/news/bulls-sign-brandon-sampson-two-way-contract |access-date=January 1, 2019 |website=NBA.com}}</ref> An sanya shi kuma ya fara Windy City a daren da ya biyo baya, inda ya zira kwallaye 17 kuma ya wuce don taimakawa 5 a cikin nasara.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 28, 2018 |title=Bulls Start Fast, Never Look Back In Win Over Blue |url=https://gleague.nba.com/games/20181228/WCBOKL/ |access-date=January 1, 2019 |website=NBA.com}}</ref> Sampson daga baya ya fara bugawa NBA a ranar 30 ga watan Janairu, na shekara ta 2019 tare da maki 5 da sakewa 2 da aka rubuta a cikin nasarar 105-89 a kan Miami Heat . A ranar 27 ga watan Oktoba, na shekara ta 2019, an haɗa Sampson a cikin jerin sunayen sansanin horo na Rio Grande Valley Vipers . <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 27, 2019 |title=VIPERS FINALIZE TRAINING CAMP ROSTER |url=https://riograndevalley.gleague.nba.com/news/vipers-finalize-training-camp-roster |access-date=October 27, 2019 |website=NBA.com}}</ref> Ya sami maki 27 a kakar wasa a ranar 13 ga watan Janairun 2020, tare da buga kwallaye biyar da taimakon biyu a nasarar da ya samu a kan South Bay Lakers. A wasanni 42, Sampson ya sami maki 13.2, 2.9 rebounds da 2.2 assists a kowane wasa. A cikin shekara ta 2020-21, Sampson ya buga wa Delaware Blue Coats, ya bayyana a wasanni 6 a cikin gajeren lokacin cutar. A ranar 26 ga watan Oktoba,na shekara ta 2021, Sampson ya shiga Iowa Wolves bayan kasuwanci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 26, 2021 |title=Iowa Wolves Announce Training Camp Roster and Finalize Coaching Staff |url=https://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/iowa-wolves-announce-training-camp-roster-and-finalize-coaching-staff/n-5758384 |access-date=November 2, 2021 |website=OurSportsCentral.com}}</ref> A cikin wasanni 30, ya sami maki 14.4, 3.7 rebounds, da 2.0 assists.<ref name="Growlers2022">{{Cite web |date=April 12, 2022 |title=Growlers Sign Former Chicago Bulls Guard Brandon Sampson |url=https://www.cebl.ca/newfoundland-growlers-sign-former-chicago-bulls-guard-brandon-sampson |access-date=April 12, 2022 |website=CEBL.ca}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga watan Afrilu,na shekara ta 2022, Sampson ya sanya hannu tare da Newfoundland Growlers na CEBL.<ref name="Growlers2022"/> === Komawa zuwa Iowa (2022-2023) === A ranar 2 ga watan Nuwamba, na shekara ta 2022, an sanya sunan Sampson a cikin jerin sunayen dare na Iowa Wolves.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2, 2022 |title=Iowa Wolves Finalize Opening Night Roster |url=https://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/iowa-wolves-finalize-opening-night-roster/n-5895237 |access-date=November 2, 2022 |website=oursportscentral.com}}</ref> === Gidan Wisconsin (2023) === A ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 2023, an sayar da Sampson zuwa Wisconsin Herd.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 3, 2023 |title=2022-23 NBA G League Transactions |url=https://gleague.nba.com/22-23-nba-g-league-transactions |access-date=March 3, 2023 |website=NBA.com}}</ref> === Hapoel Be'er Sheva (2023) === A ranar 5 ga watan Agusta, 2023, Sampson ya sanya hannu tare da Hapoel Be'er Sheva na Ligat HaAl.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 5, 2023 |title=ברנדון סמפסון מצטרף |url=https://www.hb7.co.il/news?NewsId=15554 |access-date=August 6, 2023 |website=hb7.co.il |language=Hebrew |archive-date=August 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806182338/https://www.hb7.co.il/news?NewsId=15554 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == {{NBA player statistics legend}} === NBA === ==== Lokaci na yau da kullun ==== season| {{S-end} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] abip9tiyobrar8905u4h6pgr6rt9rzj 0 84429 974807 526905 2026-11-01T14:49:24Z Nura Bello 24854 974807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Amnesty International a Africa ta kudu (AI SA). Kungiya ce ta [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da ke aiki don kawo karshen cin zarafin bil'adama tare da ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa ta [[Amnesty International|Amnesty International .]] ==Tarihi== An kafa kungiyar Amnesty International ta Afirka ta Kudu a cikin shekarar alif dubu daya da dari tara da casa'in 1990 kuma ta girma daga farkon farawa don zama babban mai gudanarwa a cikin sauyawar dimukuradiyya na Afirka ta Kudu da kuma wani muhimmin bangare na ƙungiyar Amnesty ta duniya, ta karɓi bakuncin Amnesty International ICM a cikin shekarar 1997. A yau Amnesty International Afirka ta Kudu ta ci gaba da yada manufofinta a bangarori da yawa ciki har da ilimin haƙƙin ɗan adam, haƙƙin mata, kula da makamai na Zimbabwe. {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} chm439agi7d8dkalukcww1b2blw3syp 0 84594 975025 531502 2026-11-01T20:33:25Z Beehra 15944 975025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abdul Hamid I''' (an haifeshi ranar 20 ga watan Maris 1725, a Constantinople). Ya kasance ƙaramin ɗa ga Sultan Ahmed III (ya yi sarauta a shekarar 1703 zuwa shekara ta 1730) da matarsa Şermi Kadın . <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |last=Derman Sabancı |date=2002 |title=27. Osmanlı padişahı Sultan I. Abdülhamid'in eserleri |url=http://www.islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328051952/http://islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf |archive-date=28 March 2016 |access-date=15 February 2017 |publisher=Islamic Manuscripts}}</ref> Ahmed III ya yi murabus da ikonsa don goyon bayan dan uwansa Mahmud I, wanda ɗan'uwansa Osman III ya gaje shi, kuma Osman da babban ɗan Ahmed Mustafa III.<ref name="bio" /> A matsayinsa na mai yiwuwa ga gadon sarauta, 'yan uwansa da ɗan'uwansa sun ɗaure Abdul Hamid a cikin ta'aziyya, wanda ya zama al'ada. An tsare shi har zuwa shekara ta 1767. A wannan lokacin, ya sami ilimin farko daga mahaifiyarsa Rabia Şermi, wanda ya koya masa tarihi da rubuce rubuce .<ref name="bio" /> {{Stub}} == Rayuwa ta farko == ==Manazarta== [[Category:Mutuwan 1789]] 989gw4e8hscf707874545rxj5hy5wdx 975026 975025 2026-11-01T20:34:02Z Beehra 15944 /* Rayuwa ta farko */ 975026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abdul Hamid I''' (an haifeshi ranar 20 ga watan Maris 1725, a Constantinople). Ya kasance ƙaramin ɗa ga Sultan Ahmed III (ya yi sarauta a shekarar 1703 zuwa shekara ta 1730) da matarsa Şermi Kadın . <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |last=Derman Sabancı |date=2002 |title=27. Osmanlı padişahı Sultan I. Abdülhamid'in eserleri |url=http://www.islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328051952/http://islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf |archive-date=28 March 2016 |access-date=15 February 2017 |publisher=Islamic Manuscripts}}</ref> Ahmed III ya yi murabus da ikonsa don goyon bayan dan uwansa Mahmud I, wanda ɗan'uwansa Osman III ya gaje shi, kuma Osman da babban ɗan Ahmed Mustafa III.<ref name="bio" /> A matsayinsa na mai yiwuwa ga gadon sarauta, 'yan uwansa da ɗan'uwansa sun ɗaure Abdul Hamid a cikin ta'aziyya, wanda ya zama al'ada. An tsare shi har zuwa shekara ta 1767. A wannan lokacin, ya sami ilimin farko daga mahaifiyarsa Rabia Şermi, wanda ya koya masa tarihi da rubuce rubuce .<ref name="bio" /> {{Stub}} == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Abdul Hamid a ranar 20 ga Maris, 1725, a birnin Konstantinoful. Shi ne ƙaramin ɗan Sultan Ahmed na III (wanda ya yi sarauta daga 1703 zuwa 1730) da matarsa Şermi Kadın.[3] Ahmed na III ya sauka daga kan karagar mulki, inda ya miƙa sarauta ga ɗan'uwansa Mahmud na I. Daga baya kuma ɗan'uwansa Osman na III ya gaje shi, sannan Mustafa na III, wanda shi ne babban ɗan Ahmed na III, ya gaji Osman. A matsayinsa na wanda zai iya gadon sarauta a nan gaba, 'yan uwansa na wajen uba da kuma babban ɗan'uwansa sun tsare Abdul Hamid a cikin yanayi mai kyau, kamar yadda aka saba yi a wancan lokaci. An ci gaba da tsare shi har zuwa shekarar 1767. A lokacin da yake tsare, ya fara samun iliminsa na farko daga wajen mahaifiyarsa Rabia Şermi, wadda ta koya masa tarihi da kuma fasahar rubutun zane-zane (calligraphy). ==Manazarta== [[Category:Mutuwan 1789]] 8ol1e09lby3b07whxyjcfz6e2k2emz0 975027 975026 2026-11-01T20:36:47Z Beehra 15944 /* Rayuwa ta farko */ 975027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abdul Hamid I''' (an haifeshi ranar 20 ga watan Maris 1725, a Constantinople). Ya kasance ƙaramin ɗa ga Sultan Ahmed III (ya yi sarauta a shekarar 1703 zuwa shekara ta 1730) da matarsa Şermi Kadın . <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |last=Derman Sabancı |date=2002 |title=27. Osmanlı padişahı Sultan I. Abdülhamid'in eserleri |url=http://www.islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328051952/http://islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf |archive-date=28 March 2016 |access-date=15 February 2017 |publisher=Islamic Manuscripts}}</ref> Ahmed III ya yi murabus da ikonsa don goyon bayan dan uwansa Mahmud I, wanda ɗan'uwansa Osman III ya gaje shi, kuma Osman da babban ɗan Ahmed Mustafa III.<ref name="bio" /> A matsayinsa na mai yiwuwa ga gadon sarauta, 'yan uwansa da ɗan'uwansa sun ɗaure Abdul Hamid a cikin ta'aziyya, wanda ya zama al'ada. An tsare shi har zuwa shekara ta 1767. A wannan lokacin, ya sami ilimin farko daga mahaifiyarsa Rabia Şermi, wanda ya koya masa tarihi da rubuce rubuce .<ref name="bio" /> {{Stub}} == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Abdul Hamid a ranar 20 ga Maris, 1725, a birnin Konstantinoful. Shi ne ƙaramin ɗan Sultan Ahmed na III (wanda ya yi sarauta daga 1703 zuwa 1730) da matarsa Şermi Kadın.[3] Ahmed na III ya sauka daga kan karagar mulki, inda ya miƙa sarauta ga ɗan'uwansa Mahmud na I. Daga baya kuma ɗan'uwansa Osman na III ya gaje shi, sannan Mustafa na III, wanda shi ne babban ɗan Ahmed na III, ya gaji Osman. A matsayinsa na wanda zai iya gadon sarauta a nan gaba, 'yan uwansa na wajen uba da kuma babban ɗan'uwansa sun tsare Abdul Hamid a cikin yanayi mai kyau, kamar yadda aka saba yi a wancan lokaci. An ci gaba da tsare shi har zuwa shekarar 1767. A lokacin da yake tsare, ya fara samun iliminsa na farko daga wajen mahaifiyarsa Rabia Şermi, wadda ta koya masa tarihi da kuma fasahar rubutun zane-zane (calligraphy). == Hawa karagar mulki == ==Manazarta== [[Category:Mutuwan 1789]] ntuk39lhmcrtoxy94vheugowz8x8eqo 975028 975027 2026-11-01T20:37:05Z Beehra 15944 /* Hawa karagar mulki */ 975028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abdul Hamid I''' (an haifeshi ranar 20 ga watan Maris 1725, a Constantinople). Ya kasance ƙaramin ɗa ga Sultan Ahmed III (ya yi sarauta a shekarar 1703 zuwa shekara ta 1730) da matarsa Şermi Kadın . <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |last=Derman Sabancı |date=2002 |title=27. Osmanlı padişahı Sultan I. Abdülhamid'in eserleri |url=http://www.islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328051952/http://islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf |archive-date=28 March 2016 |access-date=15 February 2017 |publisher=Islamic Manuscripts}}</ref> Ahmed III ya yi murabus da ikonsa don goyon bayan dan uwansa Mahmud I, wanda ɗan'uwansa Osman III ya gaje shi, kuma Osman da babban ɗan Ahmed Mustafa III.<ref name="bio" /> A matsayinsa na mai yiwuwa ga gadon sarauta, 'yan uwansa da ɗan'uwansa sun ɗaure Abdul Hamid a cikin ta'aziyya, wanda ya zama al'ada. An tsare shi har zuwa shekara ta 1767. A wannan lokacin, ya sami ilimin farko daga mahaifiyarsa Rabia Şermi, wanda ya koya masa tarihi da rubuce rubuce .<ref name="bio" /> {{Stub}} == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Abdul Hamid a ranar 20 ga Maris, 1725, a birnin Konstantinoful. Shi ne ƙaramin ɗan Sultan Ahmed na III (wanda ya yi sarauta daga 1703 zuwa 1730) da matarsa Şermi Kadın.[3] Ahmed na III ya sauka daga kan karagar mulki, inda ya miƙa sarauta ga ɗan'uwansa Mahmud na I. Daga baya kuma ɗan'uwansa Osman na III ya gaje shi, sannan Mustafa na III, wanda shi ne babban ɗan Ahmed na III, ya gaji Osman. A matsayinsa na wanda zai iya gadon sarauta a nan gaba, 'yan uwansa na wajen uba da kuma babban ɗan'uwansa sun tsare Abdul Hamid a cikin yanayi mai kyau, kamar yadda aka saba yi a wancan lokaci. An ci gaba da tsare shi har zuwa shekarar 1767. A lokacin da yake tsare, ya fara samun iliminsa na farko daga wajen mahaifiyarsa Rabia Şermi, wadda ta koya masa tarihi da kuma fasahar rubutun zane-zane (calligraphy). == Hawa karagar mulki == A ranar da Mustafa III ya rasu, wato 21 ga Janairu, 1774, Abdul Hamid ya hau karagar mulki a wani biki da aka gudanar a fadar sarki. Washegari aka gudanar da jana'izar Mustafa III. Sabon sarkin ya aika da wasiƙa zuwa ga Babban Vizier (Firaministan Daular Usmaniyya), Serdar-ı Ekrem Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha, wanda ke fagen daga, inda ya sanar da shi cewa ya ci gaba da yaƙin da ake yi da Rasha. A ranar 27 ga Janairu, 1774, Abdul Hamid ya je Masallacin Eyüp Sultan, inda aka miƙa masa Takobin Osman, wanda yake alamar sarauta da ikon shugabancin Daular Usmaniyya. ==Manazarta== [[Category:Mutuwan 1789]] aof5agz29xhznz6z3xcbdkfgr3vpcab 975029 975028 2026-11-01T20:41:09Z Beehra 15944 /* Hawa karagar mulki */ 975029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abdul Hamid I''' (an haifeshi ranar 20 ga watan Maris 1725, a Constantinople). Ya kasance ƙaramin ɗa ga Sultan Ahmed III (ya yi sarauta a shekarar 1703 zuwa shekara ta 1730) da matarsa Şermi Kadın . <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |last=Derman Sabancı |date=2002 |title=27. Osmanlı padişahı Sultan I. Abdülhamid'in eserleri |url=http://www.islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328051952/http://islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf |archive-date=28 March 2016 |access-date=15 February 2017 |publisher=Islamic Manuscripts}}</ref> Ahmed III ya yi murabus da ikonsa don goyon bayan dan uwansa Mahmud I, wanda ɗan'uwansa Osman III ya gaje shi, kuma Osman da babban ɗan Ahmed Mustafa III.<ref name="bio" /> A matsayinsa na mai yiwuwa ga gadon sarauta, 'yan uwansa da ɗan'uwansa sun ɗaure Abdul Hamid a cikin ta'aziyya, wanda ya zama al'ada. An tsare shi har zuwa shekara ta 1767. A wannan lokacin, ya sami ilimin farko daga mahaifiyarsa Rabia Şermi, wanda ya koya masa tarihi da rubuce rubuce .<ref name="bio" /> {{Stub}} == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Abdul Hamid a ranar 20 ga Maris, 1725, a birnin Konstantinoful. Shi ne ƙaramin ɗan Sultan Ahmed na III (wanda ya yi sarauta daga 1703 zuwa 1730) da matarsa Şermi Kadın.[3] Ahmed na III ya sauka daga kan karagar mulki, inda ya miƙa sarauta ga ɗan'uwansa Mahmud na I. Daga baya kuma ɗan'uwansa Osman na III ya gaje shi, sannan Mustafa na III, wanda shi ne babban ɗan Ahmed na III, ya gaji Osman. A matsayinsa na wanda zai iya gadon sarauta a nan gaba, 'yan uwansa na wajen uba da kuma babban ɗan'uwansa sun tsare Abdul Hamid a cikin yanayi mai kyau, kamar yadda aka saba yi a wancan lokaci. An ci gaba da tsare shi har zuwa shekarar 1767. A lokacin da yake tsare, ya fara samun iliminsa na farko daga wajen mahaifiyarsa Rabia Şermi, wadda ta koya masa tarihi da kuma fasahar rubutun zane-zane (calligraphy). == Hawa karagar mulki == A ranar da Mustafa III ya rasu, wato 21 ga Janairu, 1774, Abdul Hamid ya hau karagar mulki a wani biki da aka gudanar a fadar sarki. Washegari aka gudanar da jana'izar Mustafa III. Sabon sarkin ya aika da wasiƙa zuwa ga Babban Vizier (Firaministan Daular Usmaniyya), Serdar-ı Ekrem Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha, wanda ke fagen daga, inda ya sanar da shi cewa ya ci gaba da yaƙin da ake yi da Rasha. A ranar 27 ga Janairu, 1774, Abdul Hamid ya je Masallacin Eyüp Sultan, inda aka miƙa masa Takobin Osman, wanda yake alamar sarauta da ikon shugabancin Daular Usmaniyya. == Mulki == ==Manazarta== [[Category:Mutuwan 1789]] 6bb95qve9hh1ikujx8my29sxjtyvzms 975030 975029 2026-11-01T20:41:39Z Beehra 15944 /* Mulki */ 975030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abdul Hamid I''' (an haifeshi ranar 20 ga watan Maris 1725, a Constantinople). Ya kasance ƙaramin ɗa ga Sultan Ahmed III (ya yi sarauta a shekarar 1703 zuwa shekara ta 1730) da matarsa Şermi Kadın . <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |last=Derman Sabancı |date=2002 |title=27. Osmanlı padişahı Sultan I. Abdülhamid'in eserleri |url=http://www.islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328051952/http://islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf |archive-date=28 March 2016 |access-date=15 February 2017 |publisher=Islamic Manuscripts}}</ref> Ahmed III ya yi murabus da ikonsa don goyon bayan dan uwansa Mahmud I, wanda ɗan'uwansa Osman III ya gaje shi, kuma Osman da babban ɗan Ahmed Mustafa III.<ref name="bio" /> A matsayinsa na mai yiwuwa ga gadon sarauta, 'yan uwansa da ɗan'uwansa sun ɗaure Abdul Hamid a cikin ta'aziyya, wanda ya zama al'ada. An tsare shi har zuwa shekara ta 1767. A wannan lokacin, ya sami ilimin farko daga mahaifiyarsa Rabia Şermi, wanda ya koya masa tarihi da rubuce rubuce .<ref name="bio" /> {{Stub}} == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Abdul Hamid a ranar 20 ga Maris, 1725, a birnin Konstantinoful. Shi ne ƙaramin ɗan Sultan Ahmed na III (wanda ya yi sarauta daga 1703 zuwa 1730) da matarsa Şermi Kadın.[3] Ahmed na III ya sauka daga kan karagar mulki, inda ya miƙa sarauta ga ɗan'uwansa Mahmud na I. Daga baya kuma ɗan'uwansa Osman na III ya gaje shi, sannan Mustafa na III, wanda shi ne babban ɗan Ahmed na III, ya gaji Osman. A matsayinsa na wanda zai iya gadon sarauta a nan gaba, 'yan uwansa na wajen uba da kuma babban ɗan'uwansa sun tsare Abdul Hamid a cikin yanayi mai kyau, kamar yadda aka saba yi a wancan lokaci. An ci gaba da tsare shi har zuwa shekarar 1767. A lokacin da yake tsare, ya fara samun iliminsa na farko daga wajen mahaifiyarsa Rabia Şermi, wadda ta koya masa tarihi da kuma fasahar rubutun zane-zane (calligraphy). == Hawa karagar mulki == A ranar da Mustafa III ya rasu, wato 21 ga Janairu, 1774, Abdul Hamid ya hau karagar mulki a wani biki da aka gudanar a fadar sarki. Washegari aka gudanar da jana'izar Mustafa III. Sabon sarkin ya aika da wasiƙa zuwa ga Babban Vizier (Firaministan Daular Usmaniyya), Serdar-ı Ekrem Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha, wanda ke fagen daga, inda ya sanar da shi cewa ya ci gaba da yaƙin da ake yi da Rasha. A ranar 27 ga Janairu, 1774, Abdul Hamid ya je Masallacin Eyüp Sultan, inda aka miƙa masa Takobin Osman, wanda yake alamar sarauta da ikon shugabancin Daular Usmaniyya. == Mulki == Tsawon lokacin da Abdul Hamid ya shafe a tsare ya sa ya zama ba ya damuwa sosai da harkokin mulki, kuma yana saurin amincewa da shawarwarin masu ba shi shawara.[5] Duk da haka, mutum ne mai tsananin addini kuma mai son zaman lafiya tun asali. A lokacin da ya hau karagar mulki, halin matsin tattalin arziki da baitulmalin daular ke ciki ya kai matakin da ba a iya ba wa rundunar Janissaries kyautar kuɗin da aka saba bayarwa a lokacin hawan sabon sarki. Sabon Sarkin ya gaya wa sojojin Janissaries cewa: "Ba sauran kuɗin alawus a baitulmalinmu, saboda ya kamata dukkan 'ya'yanmu da ke aikin soja su koyi wannan hali." Ci gaban rundunar sojojin Daular Usmaniyya daga Sofia, birni mafi girman sansanin sojojinta a yankin Rumeliya, a shekarar 1788. Abdul Hamid ya yi ƙoƙarin kawo sauye-sauye a rundunonin sojin daular, ciki har da rundunar Janissaries da kuma sojojin ruwa. Haka kuma, ya kafa sabuwar rundunar manyan bindigogi, kuma ana danganta shi da kafa Makarantar Injiniyancin Sojojin Ruwan Daular Usmaniyya.[1] Abdul Hamid ya yi ƙoƙarin ƙarfafa ikon mulkin Daular Usmaniyya a kan yankunan Siriya, Masar da Iraƙi.[1] Sai dai, wasu ƙananan nasarorin da aka samu wajen murƙushe tawaye a Siriya da yankin Morea ba su isa su rama asarar yankin Tsibirin Crimea ba. Wannan yanki ya samu 'yancin kai a hukumance a shekarar 1774, amma a zahiri Rasha ce ke da cikakken iko a kansa. A kai a kai, Rasha tana amfani da matsayinta na mai kare Kiristocin Gabas wajen tsoma baki a harkokin cikin gida na Daular Usmaniyya. Daga ƙarshe, Daular Usmaniyya ta ayyana yaƙi da Rasha a shekarar 1787. Ba da daɗewa ba, Austria ma ta shiga yaƙin tare da Rasha. Da farko, Turkiyya ta iya fuskantar yaƙin ba tare da shan babban kaye ba. Amma a ranar 6 ga Disamba, 1788, sojojin Rasha suka ƙwace birnin Ochakov, inda suka kashe dukkan mazaunansa. Lokacin da Abdul Hamid I ya samu labarin faɗuwar birnin Ochakov, bugun jini ya same shi, wanda daga ƙarshe ya yi sanadin mutuwarsa.[6] Duk da gazawarsa a wasu fannoni na mulki, ana ɗaukar Abdul Hamid a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin sarakunan Daular Usmaniyya mafi kyawun ɗabi'a da tausayi.[7] A lokacin babbar gobarar da ta tashi a birnin Konstantinoful a shekarar 1782, shi da kansa ya jagoranci jami'an kashe gobara. Mutane sun girmama shi saboda tsananin kishin addininsa, har ma suka riƙa kiransa da Waliyyi (Veli), ma'ana mutum mai tsoron Allah da kusanci da shi. Haka kuma, ya tsara manufofin kawo sauye-sauye, yana sa ido sosai kan ayyukan gwamnati tare da haɗin gwiwar manyan jami'an mulkinsa. Bayan kawo ƙarshen yaƙin da Rasha, Abdul Hamid I ya mayar da hankalinsa kan harkokin cikin gida. Ya yi ƙoƙarin murƙushe tashe-tashen hankula da tawaye a cikin daular ta hannun Gazi Hasan Pasha ɗan Aljeriya. Haka kuma, ya yi ƙoƙarin tsara ayyukan gyaran gwamnati tare da taimakon Silâhdar Seyyid Mehmed Pasha (wanda aka fi sani da Karavezir) da Halil Hamid Pasha. A Siriya, an kawo ƙarshen tawayen da Daher al-Umar ya jagoranta, wanda ya haɗa kai da manyan kwamandojin rundunar sojojin ruwan Rasha da ke Tekun Bahar Rum. Ya yi amfani da rikice-rikicen da balaguron yaƙin Rasha na shekarar 1768 ya haifar. Haka kuma, an murƙushe tawayen da ya ɓarke a Masar a shekarar 1775, ciki har da tawayen ƙungiyar Kölemen (Mamlukawa) da ke Masar. A wani ɓangaren kuma, an kawo ƙarshen rikice-rikicen da suka ɓarke a yankin Peloponnese, inda aka samu zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali. Kaptanıderyâ Gazi Hasan Pasha da Cezzâr Ahmed Pasha sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen murƙushe duk waɗannan tashe-tashen hankula.[6] ==Manazarta== [[Category:Mutuwan 1789]] t4vmwjly78nlx25niwhd08os4uhfy1d 975031 975030 2026-11-01T20:43:50Z Beehra 15944 /* Rayuwa ta farko */ 975031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abdul Hamid I''' (an haifeshi ranar 20 ga watan Maris 1725, a Constantinople). Ya kasance ƙaramin ɗa ga Sultan Ahmed III (ya yi sarauta a shekarar 1703 zuwa shekara ta 1730) da matarsa Şermi Kadın . <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |last=Derman Sabancı |date=2002 |title=27. Osmanlı padişahı Sultan I. Abdülhamid'in eserleri |url=http://www.islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328051952/http://islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf |archive-date=28 March 2016 |access-date=15 February 2017 |publisher=Islamic Manuscripts}}</ref> Ahmed III ya yi murabus da ikonsa don goyon bayan dan uwansa Mahmud I, wanda ɗan'uwansa Osman III ya gaje shi, kuma Osman da babban ɗan Ahmed Mustafa III.<ref name="bio" /> A matsayinsa na mai yiwuwa ga gadon sarauta, 'yan uwansa da ɗan'uwansa sun ɗaure Abdul Hamid a cikin ta'aziyya, wanda ya zama al'ada. An tsare shi har zuwa shekara ta 1767. A wannan lokacin, ya sami ilimin farko daga mahaifiyarsa Rabia Şermi, wanda ya koya masa tarihi da rubuce rubuce .<ref name="bio" /> {{Stub}} == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Abdul Hamid a ranar 20 ga Maris, 1725, a birnin Konstantinoful. Shi ne ƙaramin ɗan Sultan Ahmed na III (wanda ya yi sarauta daga 1703 zuwa 1730) da matarsa Şermi Kadın.<ref name="bio">{{cite web|url=http://www.islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf|title=27. Osmanlı padişahı Sultan I. Abdülhamid'in eserleri|author=Derman Sabancı|date=2002|publisher=Islamic Manuscripts|access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328051952/http://islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf|archive-date=28 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ahmed na III ya sauka daga kan karagar mulki, inda ya miƙa sarauta ga ɗan'uwansa Mahmud na I. Daga baya kuma ɗan'uwansa Osman na III ya gaje shi, sannan Mustafa na III, wanda shi ne babban ɗan Ahmed na III, ya gaji Osman. A matsayinsa na wanda zai iya gadon sarauta a nan gaba, 'yan uwansa na wajen uba da kuma babban ɗan'uwansa sun tsare Abdul Hamid a cikin yanayi mai kyau, kamar yadda aka saba yi a wancan lokaci. An ci gaba da tsare shi har zuwa shekarar 1767. A lokacin da yake tsare, ya fara samun iliminsa na farko daga wajen mahaifiyarsa Rabia Şermi, wadda ta koya masa tarihi da kuma fasahar rubutun zane-zane (calligraphy). == Hawa karagar mulki == A ranar da Mustafa III ya rasu, wato 21 ga Janairu, 1774, Abdul Hamid ya hau karagar mulki a wani biki da aka gudanar a fadar sarki. Washegari aka gudanar da jana'izar Mustafa III. Sabon sarkin ya aika da wasiƙa zuwa ga Babban Vizier (Firaministan Daular Usmaniyya), Serdar-ı Ekrem Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha, wanda ke fagen daga, inda ya sanar da shi cewa ya ci gaba da yaƙin da ake yi da Rasha. A ranar 27 ga Janairu, 1774, Abdul Hamid ya je Masallacin Eyüp Sultan, inda aka miƙa masa Takobin Osman, wanda yake alamar sarauta da ikon shugabancin Daular Usmaniyya. == Mulki == Tsawon lokacin da Abdul Hamid ya shafe a tsare ya sa ya zama ba ya damuwa sosai da harkokin mulki, kuma yana saurin amincewa da shawarwarin masu ba shi shawara.[5] Duk da haka, mutum ne mai tsananin addini kuma mai son zaman lafiya tun asali. A lokacin da ya hau karagar mulki, halin matsin tattalin arziki da baitulmalin daular ke ciki ya kai matakin da ba a iya ba wa rundunar Janissaries kyautar kuɗin da aka saba bayarwa a lokacin hawan sabon sarki. Sabon Sarkin ya gaya wa sojojin Janissaries cewa: "Ba sauran kuɗin alawus a baitulmalinmu, saboda ya kamata dukkan 'ya'yanmu da ke aikin soja su koyi wannan hali." Ci gaban rundunar sojojin Daular Usmaniyya daga Sofia, birni mafi girman sansanin sojojinta a yankin Rumeliya, a shekarar 1788. Abdul Hamid ya yi ƙoƙarin kawo sauye-sauye a rundunonin sojin daular, ciki har da rundunar Janissaries da kuma sojojin ruwa. Haka kuma, ya kafa sabuwar rundunar manyan bindigogi, kuma ana danganta shi da kafa Makarantar Injiniyancin Sojojin Ruwan Daular Usmaniyya.[1] Abdul Hamid ya yi ƙoƙarin ƙarfafa ikon mulkin Daular Usmaniyya a kan yankunan Siriya, Masar da Iraƙi.[1] Sai dai, wasu ƙananan nasarorin da aka samu wajen murƙushe tawaye a Siriya da yankin Morea ba su isa su rama asarar yankin Tsibirin Crimea ba. Wannan yanki ya samu 'yancin kai a hukumance a shekarar 1774, amma a zahiri Rasha ce ke da cikakken iko a kansa. A kai a kai, Rasha tana amfani da matsayinta na mai kare Kiristocin Gabas wajen tsoma baki a harkokin cikin gida na Daular Usmaniyya. Daga ƙarshe, Daular Usmaniyya ta ayyana yaƙi da Rasha a shekarar 1787. Ba da daɗewa ba, Austria ma ta shiga yaƙin tare da Rasha. Da farko, Turkiyya ta iya fuskantar yaƙin ba tare da shan babban kaye ba. Amma a ranar 6 ga Disamba, 1788, sojojin Rasha suka ƙwace birnin Ochakov, inda suka kashe dukkan mazaunansa. Lokacin da Abdul Hamid I ya samu labarin faɗuwar birnin Ochakov, bugun jini ya same shi, wanda daga ƙarshe ya yi sanadin mutuwarsa.[6] Duk da gazawarsa a wasu fannoni na mulki, ana ɗaukar Abdul Hamid a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin sarakunan Daular Usmaniyya mafi kyawun ɗabi'a da tausayi.[7] A lokacin babbar gobarar da ta tashi a birnin Konstantinoful a shekarar 1782, shi da kansa ya jagoranci jami'an kashe gobara. Mutane sun girmama shi saboda tsananin kishin addininsa, har ma suka riƙa kiransa da Waliyyi (Veli), ma'ana mutum mai tsoron Allah da kusanci da shi. Haka kuma, ya tsara manufofin kawo sauye-sauye, yana sa ido sosai kan ayyukan gwamnati tare da haɗin gwiwar manyan jami'an mulkinsa. Bayan kawo ƙarshen yaƙin da Rasha, Abdul Hamid I ya mayar da hankalinsa kan harkokin cikin gida. Ya yi ƙoƙarin murƙushe tashe-tashen hankula da tawaye a cikin daular ta hannun Gazi Hasan Pasha ɗan Aljeriya. Haka kuma, ya yi ƙoƙarin tsara ayyukan gyaran gwamnati tare da taimakon Silâhdar Seyyid Mehmed Pasha (wanda aka fi sani da Karavezir) da Halil Hamid Pasha. A Siriya, an kawo ƙarshen tawayen da Daher al-Umar ya jagoranta, wanda ya haɗa kai da manyan kwamandojin rundunar sojojin ruwan Rasha da ke Tekun Bahar Rum. Ya yi amfani da rikice-rikicen da balaguron yaƙin Rasha na shekarar 1768 ya haifar. Haka kuma, an murƙushe tawayen da ya ɓarke a Masar a shekarar 1775, ciki har da tawayen ƙungiyar Kölemen (Mamlukawa) da ke Masar. A wani ɓangaren kuma, an kawo ƙarshen rikice-rikicen da suka ɓarke a yankin Peloponnese, inda aka samu zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali. Kaptanıderyâ Gazi Hasan Pasha da Cezzâr Ahmed Pasha sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen murƙushe duk waɗannan tashe-tashen hankula.[6] ==Manazarta== [[Category:Mutuwan 1789]] bnw6og6x93n7a9lonrlkf13fqusdmnz 975032 975031 2026-11-01T20:46:46Z Beehra 15944 /* Mulki */ 975032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abdul Hamid I''' (an haifeshi ranar 20 ga watan Maris 1725, a Constantinople). Ya kasance ƙaramin ɗa ga Sultan Ahmed III (ya yi sarauta a shekarar 1703 zuwa shekara ta 1730) da matarsa Şermi Kadın . <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |last=Derman Sabancı |date=2002 |title=27. Osmanlı padişahı Sultan I. Abdülhamid'in eserleri |url=http://www.islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328051952/http://islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf |archive-date=28 March 2016 |access-date=15 February 2017 |publisher=Islamic Manuscripts}}</ref> Ahmed III ya yi murabus da ikonsa don goyon bayan dan uwansa Mahmud I, wanda ɗan'uwansa Osman III ya gaje shi, kuma Osman da babban ɗan Ahmed Mustafa III.<ref name="bio" /> A matsayinsa na mai yiwuwa ga gadon sarauta, 'yan uwansa da ɗan'uwansa sun ɗaure Abdul Hamid a cikin ta'aziyya, wanda ya zama al'ada. An tsare shi har zuwa shekara ta 1767. A wannan lokacin, ya sami ilimin farko daga mahaifiyarsa Rabia Şermi, wanda ya koya masa tarihi da rubuce rubuce .<ref name="bio" /> {{Stub}} == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Abdul Hamid a ranar 20 ga Maris, 1725, a birnin Konstantinoful. Shi ne ƙaramin ɗan Sultan Ahmed na III (wanda ya yi sarauta daga 1703 zuwa 1730) da matarsa Şermi Kadın.<ref name="bio">{{cite web|url=http://www.islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf|title=27. Osmanlı padişahı Sultan I. Abdülhamid'in eserleri|author=Derman Sabancı|date=2002|publisher=Islamic Manuscripts|access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328051952/http://islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf|archive-date=28 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ahmed na III ya sauka daga kan karagar mulki, inda ya miƙa sarauta ga ɗan'uwansa Mahmud na I. Daga baya kuma ɗan'uwansa Osman na III ya gaje shi, sannan Mustafa na III, wanda shi ne babban ɗan Ahmed na III, ya gaji Osman. A matsayinsa na wanda zai iya gadon sarauta a nan gaba, 'yan uwansa na wajen uba da kuma babban ɗan'uwansa sun tsare Abdul Hamid a cikin yanayi mai kyau, kamar yadda aka saba yi a wancan lokaci. An ci gaba da tsare shi har zuwa shekarar 1767. A lokacin da yake tsare, ya fara samun iliminsa na farko daga wajen mahaifiyarsa Rabia Şermi, wadda ta koya masa tarihi da kuma fasahar rubutun zane-zane (calligraphy). == Hawa karagar mulki == A ranar da Mustafa III ya rasu, wato 21 ga Janairu, 1774, Abdul Hamid ya hau karagar mulki a wani biki da aka gudanar a fadar sarki. Washegari aka gudanar da jana'izar Mustafa III. Sabon sarkin ya aika da wasiƙa zuwa ga Babban Vizier (Firaministan Daular Usmaniyya), Serdar-ı Ekrem Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha, wanda ke fagen daga, inda ya sanar da shi cewa ya ci gaba da yaƙin da ake yi da Rasha. A ranar 27 ga Janairu, 1774, Abdul Hamid ya je Masallacin Eyüp Sultan, inda aka miƙa masa Takobin Osman, wanda yake alamar sarauta da ikon shugabancin Daular Usmaniyya. == Mulki == Tsawon lokacin da Abdul Hamid ya shafe a tsare ya sa ya zama ba ya damuwa sosai da harkokin mulki, kuma yana saurin amincewa da shawarwarin masu ba shi shawara. Duk da haka, mutum ne mai tsananin addini kuma mai son zaman lafiya tun asali. A lokacin da ya hau karagar mulki, halin matsin tattalin arziki da baitulmalin daular ke ciki ya kai matakin da ba a iya ba wa rundunar Janissaries kyautar kuɗin da aka saba bayarwa a lokacin hawan sabon sarki. Sabon Sarkin ya gaya wa sojojin Janissaries cewa: "Ba sauran kuɗin alawus a baitulmalinmu, saboda ya kamata dukkan 'ya'yanmu da ke aikin soja su koyi wannan hali."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yarbrough |first=Luke B. |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781108634274/type/book |title=Friends of the Emir: Non-Muslim State Officials in Premodern Islamic Thought |date=2019-06-13 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-63427-4 |edition=1 |doi=10.1017/9781108634274.011|s2cid=243058443 }}</ref> Ci gaban rundunar sojojin Daular Usmaniyya daga Sofia, birni mafi girman sansanin sojojinta a yankin Rumeliya, a shekarar 1788. Abdul Hamid ya yi ƙoƙarin kawo sauye-sauye a rundunonin sojin daular, ciki har da rundunar Janissaries da kuma sojojin ruwa. Haka kuma, ya kafa sabuwar rundunar manyan bindigogi, kuma ana danganta shi da kafa Makarantar Injiniyancin Sojojin Ruwan Daular Usmaniyya.[1] Abdul Hamid ya yi ƙoƙarin ƙarfafa ikon mulkin Daular Usmaniyya a kan yankunan Siriya, Masar da Iraƙi.[1] Sai dai, wasu ƙananan nasarorin da aka samu wajen murƙushe tawaye a Siriya da yankin Morea ba su isa su rama asarar yankin Tsibirin Crimea ba. Wannan yanki ya samu 'yancin kai a hukumance a shekarar 1774, amma a zahiri Rasha ce ke da cikakken iko a kansa. A kai a kai, Rasha tana amfani da matsayinta na mai kare Kiristocin Gabas wajen tsoma baki a harkokin cikin gida na Daular Usmaniyya. Daga ƙarshe, Daular Usmaniyya ta ayyana yaƙi da Rasha a shekarar 1787. Ba da daɗewa ba, Austria ma ta shiga yaƙin tare da Rasha. Da farko, Turkiyya ta iya fuskantar yaƙin ba tare da shan babban kaye ba. Amma a ranar 6 ga Disamba, 1788, sojojin Rasha suka ƙwace birnin Ochakov, inda suka kashe dukkan mazaunansa. Lokacin da Abdul Hamid I ya samu labarin faɗuwar birnin Ochakov, bugun jini ya same shi, wanda daga ƙarshe ya yi sanadin mutuwarsa.[6] Duk da gazawarsa a wasu fannoni na mulki, ana ɗaukar Abdul Hamid a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin sarakunan Daular Usmaniyya mafi kyawun ɗabi'a da tausayi.[7] A lokacin babbar gobarar da ta tashi a birnin Konstantinoful a shekarar 1782, shi da kansa ya jagoranci jami'an kashe gobara. Mutane sun girmama shi saboda tsananin kishin addininsa, har ma suka riƙa kiransa da Waliyyi (Veli), ma'ana mutum mai tsoron Allah da kusanci da shi. Haka kuma, ya tsara manufofin kawo sauye-sauye, yana sa ido sosai kan ayyukan gwamnati tare da haɗin gwiwar manyan jami'an mulkinsa. Bayan kawo ƙarshen yaƙin da Rasha, Abdul Hamid I ya mayar da hankalinsa kan harkokin cikin gida. Ya yi ƙoƙarin murƙushe tashe-tashen hankula da tawaye a cikin daular ta hannun Gazi Hasan Pasha ɗan Aljeriya. Haka kuma, ya yi ƙoƙarin tsara ayyukan gyaran gwamnati tare da taimakon Silâhdar Seyyid Mehmed Pasha (wanda aka fi sani da Karavezir) da Halil Hamid Pasha. A Siriya, an kawo ƙarshen tawayen da Daher al-Umar ya jagoranta, wanda ya haɗa kai da manyan kwamandojin rundunar sojojin ruwan Rasha da ke Tekun Bahar Rum. Ya yi amfani da rikice-rikicen da balaguron yaƙin Rasha na shekarar 1768 ya haifar. Haka kuma, an murƙushe tawayen da ya ɓarke a Masar a shekarar 1775, ciki har da tawayen ƙungiyar Kölemen (Mamlukawa) da ke Masar. A wani ɓangaren kuma, an kawo ƙarshen rikice-rikicen da suka ɓarke a yankin Peloponnese, inda aka samu zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali. Kaptanıderyâ Gazi Hasan Pasha da Cezzâr Ahmed Pasha sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen murƙushe duk waɗannan tashe-tashen hankula.[6] ==Manazarta== [[Category:Mutuwan 1789]] fvd86tjzyj43v8wbg5kolhtbjlf1azi 975033 975032 2026-11-01T21:03:41Z Beehra 15944 /* Mulki */ 975033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abdul Hamid I''' (an haifeshi ranar 20 ga watan Maris 1725, a Constantinople). Ya kasance ƙaramin ɗa ga Sultan Ahmed III (ya yi sarauta a shekarar 1703 zuwa shekara ta 1730) da matarsa Şermi Kadın . <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |last=Derman Sabancı |date=2002 |title=27. Osmanlı padişahı Sultan I. Abdülhamid'in eserleri |url=http://www.islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328051952/http://islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf |archive-date=28 March 2016 |access-date=15 February 2017 |publisher=Islamic Manuscripts}}</ref> Ahmed III ya yi murabus da ikonsa don goyon bayan dan uwansa Mahmud I, wanda ɗan'uwansa Osman III ya gaje shi, kuma Osman da babban ɗan Ahmed Mustafa III.<ref name="bio" /> A matsayinsa na mai yiwuwa ga gadon sarauta, 'yan uwansa da ɗan'uwansa sun ɗaure Abdul Hamid a cikin ta'aziyya, wanda ya zama al'ada. An tsare shi har zuwa shekara ta 1767. A wannan lokacin, ya sami ilimin farko daga mahaifiyarsa Rabia Şermi, wanda ya koya masa tarihi da rubuce rubuce .<ref name="bio" /> {{Stub}} == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Abdul Hamid a ranar 20 ga Maris, 1725, a birnin Konstantinoful. Shi ne ƙaramin ɗan Sultan Ahmed na III (wanda ya yi sarauta daga 1703 zuwa 1730) da matarsa Şermi Kadın.<ref name="bio">{{cite web|url=http://www.islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf|title=27. Osmanlı padişahı Sultan I. Abdülhamid'in eserleri|author=Derman Sabancı|date=2002|publisher=Islamic Manuscripts|access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328051952/http://islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf|archive-date=28 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ahmed na III ya sauka daga kan karagar mulki, inda ya miƙa sarauta ga ɗan'uwansa Mahmud na I. Daga baya kuma ɗan'uwansa Osman na III ya gaje shi, sannan Mustafa na III, wanda shi ne babban ɗan Ahmed na III, ya gaji Osman. A matsayinsa na wanda zai iya gadon sarauta a nan gaba, 'yan uwansa na wajen uba da kuma babban ɗan'uwansa sun tsare Abdul Hamid a cikin yanayi mai kyau, kamar yadda aka saba yi a wancan lokaci. An ci gaba da tsare shi har zuwa shekarar 1767. A lokacin da yake tsare, ya fara samun iliminsa na farko daga wajen mahaifiyarsa Rabia Şermi, wadda ta koya masa tarihi da kuma fasahar rubutun zane-zane (calligraphy). == Hawa karagar mulki == A ranar da Mustafa III ya rasu, wato 21 ga Janairu, 1774, Abdul Hamid ya hau karagar mulki a wani biki da aka gudanar a fadar sarki. Washegari aka gudanar da jana'izar Mustafa III. Sabon sarkin ya aika da wasiƙa zuwa ga Babban Vizier (Firaministan Daular Usmaniyya), Serdar-ı Ekrem Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha, wanda ke fagen daga, inda ya sanar da shi cewa ya ci gaba da yaƙin da ake yi da Rasha. A ranar 27 ga Janairu, 1774, Abdul Hamid ya je Masallacin Eyüp Sultan, inda aka miƙa masa Takobin Osman, wanda yake alamar sarauta da ikon shugabancin Daular Usmaniyya. == Mulki == Tsawon lokacin da Abdul Hamid ya shafe a tsare ya sa ya zama ba ya damuwa sosai da harkokin mulki, kuma yana saurin amincewa da shawarwarin masu ba shi shawara. Duk da haka, mutum ne mai tsananin addini kuma mai son zaman lafiya tun asali. A lokacin da ya hau karagar mulki, halin matsin tattalin arziki da baitulmalin daular ke ciki ya kai matakin da ba a iya ba wa rundunar Janissaries kyautar kuɗin da aka saba bayarwa a lokacin hawan sabon sarki. Sabon Sarkin ya gaya wa sojojin Janissaries cewa: "Ba sauran kuɗin alawus a baitulmalinmu, saboda ya kamata dukkan 'ya'yanmu da ke aikin soja su koyi wannan hali."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yarbrough |first=Luke B. |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781108634274/type/book |title=Friends of the Emir: Non-Muslim State Officials in Premodern Islamic Thought |date=2019-06-13 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-63427-4 |edition=1 |doi=10.1017/9781108634274.011|s2cid=243058443 }}</ref> Ci gaban rundunar sojojin Daular Usmaniyya daga Sofia, birni mafi girman sansanin sojojinta a yankin Rumeliya, a shekarar 1788. Abdul Hamid ya yi ƙoƙarin kawo sauye-sauye a rundunonin sojin daular, ciki har da rundunar Janissaries da kuma sojojin ruwa. Haka kuma, ya kafa sabuwar rundunar manyan bindigogi, kuma ana danganta shi da kafa Makarantar Injiniyancin Sojojin Ruwan Daular Usmaniyya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Abdulhamid II {{!}} Biography, History, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abdulhamid-II |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Abdul Hamid ya yi ƙoƙarin ƙarfafa ikon mulkin Daular Usmaniyya a kan yankunan Siriya, Masar da Iraƙi.[1] Sai dai, wasu ƙananan nasarorin da aka samu wajen murƙushe tawaye a Siriya da yankin Morea ba su isa su rama asarar yankin Tsibirin Crimea ba. Wannan yanki ya samu 'yancin kai a hukumance a shekarar 1774, amma a zahiri Rasha ce ke da cikakken iko a kansa. A kai a kai, Rasha tana amfani da matsayinta na mai kare Kiristocin Gabas wajen tsoma baki a harkokin cikin gida na Daular Usmaniyya. Daga ƙarshe, Daular Usmaniyya ta ayyana yaƙi da Rasha a shekarar 1787. Ba da daɗewa ba, Austria ma ta shiga yaƙin tare da Rasha. Da farko, Turkiyya ta iya fuskantar yaƙin ba tare da shan babban kaye ba. Amma a ranar 6 ga Disamba, 1788, sojojin Rasha suka ƙwace birnin Ochakov, inda suka kashe dukkan mazaunansa. Lokacin da Abdul Hamid I ya samu labarin faɗuwar birnin Ochakov, bugun jini ya same shi, wanda daga ƙarshe ya yi sanadin mutuwarsa.[6] Duk da gazawarsa a wasu fannoni na mulki, ana ɗaukar Abdul Hamid a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin sarakunan Daular Usmaniyya mafi kyawun ɗabi'a da tausayi.[7] A lokacin babbar gobarar da ta tashi a birnin Konstantinoful a shekarar 1782, shi da kansa ya jagoranci jami'an kashe gobara. Mutane sun girmama shi saboda tsananin kishin addininsa, har ma suka riƙa kiransa da Waliyyi (Veli), ma'ana mutum mai tsoron Allah da kusanci da shi. Haka kuma, ya tsara manufofin kawo sauye-sauye, yana sa ido sosai kan ayyukan gwamnati tare da haɗin gwiwar manyan jami'an mulkinsa. Bayan kawo ƙarshen yaƙin da Rasha, Abdul Hamid I ya mayar da hankalinsa kan harkokin cikin gida. Ya yi ƙoƙarin murƙushe tashe-tashen hankula da tawaye a cikin daular ta hannun Gazi Hasan Pasha ɗan Aljeriya. Haka kuma, ya yi ƙoƙarin tsara ayyukan gyaran gwamnati tare da taimakon Silâhdar Seyyid Mehmed Pasha (wanda aka fi sani da Karavezir) da Halil Hamid Pasha. A Siriya, an kawo ƙarshen tawayen da Daher al-Umar ya jagoranta, wanda ya haɗa kai da manyan kwamandojin rundunar sojojin ruwan Rasha da ke Tekun Bahar Rum. Ya yi amfani da rikice-rikicen da balaguron yaƙin Rasha na shekarar 1768 ya haifar. Haka kuma, an murƙushe tawayen da ya ɓarke a Masar a shekarar 1775, ciki har da tawayen ƙungiyar Kölemen (Mamlukawa) da ke Masar. A wani ɓangaren kuma, an kawo ƙarshen rikice-rikicen da suka ɓarke a yankin Peloponnese, inda aka samu zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali. Kaptanıderyâ Gazi Hasan Pasha da Cezzâr Ahmed Pasha sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen murƙushe duk waɗannan tashe-tashen hankula.[6] ==Manazarta== [[Category:Mutuwan 1789]] cgnvj9cmjt3gma6jccuqtxn5ajtvwcf 975034 975033 2026-11-01T21:05:50Z Beehra 15944 /* Mulki */ sanya manazarta 975034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abdul Hamid I''' (an haifeshi ranar 20 ga watan Maris 1725, a Constantinople). Ya kasance ƙaramin ɗa ga Sultan Ahmed III (ya yi sarauta a shekarar 1703 zuwa shekara ta 1730) da matarsa Şermi Kadın . <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |last=Derman Sabancı |date=2002 |title=27. Osmanlı padişahı Sultan I. Abdülhamid'in eserleri |url=http://www.islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328051952/http://islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf |archive-date=28 March 2016 |access-date=15 February 2017 |publisher=Islamic Manuscripts}}</ref> Ahmed III ya yi murabus da ikonsa don goyon bayan dan uwansa Mahmud I, wanda ɗan'uwansa Osman III ya gaje shi, kuma Osman da babban ɗan Ahmed Mustafa III.<ref name="bio" /> A matsayinsa na mai yiwuwa ga gadon sarauta, 'yan uwansa da ɗan'uwansa sun ɗaure Abdul Hamid a cikin ta'aziyya, wanda ya zama al'ada. An tsare shi har zuwa shekara ta 1767. A wannan lokacin, ya sami ilimin farko daga mahaifiyarsa Rabia Şermi, wanda ya koya masa tarihi da rubuce rubuce .<ref name="bio" /> {{Stub}} == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Abdul Hamid a ranar 20 ga Maris, 1725, a birnin Konstantinoful. Shi ne ƙaramin ɗan Sultan Ahmed na III (wanda ya yi sarauta daga 1703 zuwa 1730) da matarsa Şermi Kadın.<ref name="bio">{{cite web|url=http://www.islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf|title=27. Osmanlı padişahı Sultan I. Abdülhamid'in eserleri|author=Derman Sabancı|date=2002|publisher=Islamic Manuscripts|access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328051952/http://islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf|archive-date=28 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ahmed na III ya sauka daga kan karagar mulki, inda ya miƙa sarauta ga ɗan'uwansa Mahmud na I. Daga baya kuma ɗan'uwansa Osman na III ya gaje shi, sannan Mustafa na III, wanda shi ne babban ɗan Ahmed na III, ya gaji Osman. A matsayinsa na wanda zai iya gadon sarauta a nan gaba, 'yan uwansa na wajen uba da kuma babban ɗan'uwansa sun tsare Abdul Hamid a cikin yanayi mai kyau, kamar yadda aka saba yi a wancan lokaci. An ci gaba da tsare shi har zuwa shekarar 1767. A lokacin da yake tsare, ya fara samun iliminsa na farko daga wajen mahaifiyarsa Rabia Şermi, wadda ta koya masa tarihi da kuma fasahar rubutun zane-zane (calligraphy). == Hawa karagar mulki == A ranar da Mustafa III ya rasu, wato 21 ga Janairu, 1774, Abdul Hamid ya hau karagar mulki a wani biki da aka gudanar a fadar sarki. Washegari aka gudanar da jana'izar Mustafa III. Sabon sarkin ya aika da wasiƙa zuwa ga Babban Vizier (Firaministan Daular Usmaniyya), Serdar-ı Ekrem Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha, wanda ke fagen daga, inda ya sanar da shi cewa ya ci gaba da yaƙin da ake yi da Rasha. A ranar 27 ga Janairu, 1774, Abdul Hamid ya je Masallacin Eyüp Sultan, inda aka miƙa masa Takobin Osman, wanda yake alamar sarauta da ikon shugabancin Daular Usmaniyya. == Mulki == Tsawon lokacin da Abdul Hamid ya shafe a tsare ya sa ya zama ba ya damuwa sosai da harkokin mulki, kuma yana saurin amincewa da shawarwarin masu ba shi shawara. Duk da haka, mutum ne mai tsananin addini kuma mai son zaman lafiya tun asali. A lokacin da ya hau karagar mulki, halin matsin tattalin arziki da baitulmalin daular ke ciki ya kai matakin da ba a iya ba wa rundunar Janissaries kyautar kuɗin da aka saba bayarwa a lokacin hawan sabon sarki. Sabon Sarkin ya gaya wa sojojin Janissaries cewa: "Ba sauran kuɗin alawus a baitulmalinmu, saboda ya kamata dukkan 'ya'yanmu da ke aikin soja su koyi wannan hali."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yarbrough |first=Luke B. |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781108634274/type/book |title=Friends of the Emir: Non-Muslim State Officials in Premodern Islamic Thought |date=2019-06-13 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-63427-4 |edition=1 |doi=10.1017/9781108634274.011|s2cid=243058443 }}</ref> Ci gaban rundunar sojojin Daular Usmaniyya daga Sofia, birni mafi girman sansanin sojojinta a yankin Rumeliya, a shekarar 1788. Abdul Hamid ya yi ƙoƙarin kawo sauye-sauye a rundunonin sojin daular, ciki har da rundunar Janissaries da kuma sojojin ruwa. Haka kuma, ya kafa sabuwar rundunar manyan bindigogi, kuma ana danganta shi da kafa Makarantar Injiniyancin Sojojin Ruwan Daular Usmaniyya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Abdulhamid II {{!}} Biography, History, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abdulhamid-II |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Abdul Hamid ya yi ƙoƙarin ƙarfafa ikon mulkin Daular Usmaniyya a kan yankunan Siriya, Masar da Iraƙi.[1] Sai dai, wasu ƙananan nasarorin da aka samu wajen murƙushe tawaye a Siriya da yankin Morea ba su isa su rama asarar yankin Tsibirin Crimea ba. Wannan yanki ya samu 'yancin kai a hukumance a shekarar 1774, amma a zahiri Rasha ce ke da cikakken iko a kansa. A kai a kai, Rasha tana amfani da matsayinta na mai kare Kiristocin Gabas wajen tsoma baki a harkokin cikin gida na Daular Usmaniyya. Daga ƙarshe, Daular Usmaniyya ta ayyana yaƙi da Rasha a shekarar 1787. Ba da daɗewa ba, Austria ma ta shiga yaƙin tare da Rasha. Da farko, Turkiyya ta iya fuskantar yaƙin ba tare da shan babban kaye ba. Amma a ranar 6 ga Disamba, 1788, sojojin Rasha suka ƙwace birnin Ochakov, inda suka kashe dukkan mazaunansa. Lokacin da Abdul Hamid I ya samu labarin faɗuwar birnin Ochakov, bugun jini ya same shi, wanda daga ƙarshe ya yi sanadin mutuwarsa.[6] Duk da gazawarsa a wasu fannoni na mulki, ana ɗaukar Abdul Hamid a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin sarakunan Daular Usmaniyya mafi kyawun ɗabi'a da tausayi.[7] A lokacin babbar gobarar da ta tashi a birnin Konstantinoful a shekarar 1782, shi da kansa ya jagoranci jami'an kashe gobara. Mutane sun girmama shi saboda tsananin kishin addininsa, har ma suka riƙa kiransa da Waliyyi (Veli), ma'ana mutum mai tsoron Allah da kusanci da shi. Haka kuma, ya tsara manufofin kawo sauye-sauye, yana sa ido sosai kan ayyukan gwamnati tare da haɗin gwiwar manyan jami'an mulkinsa. Bayan kawo ƙarshen yaƙin da Rasha, Abdul Hamid I ya mayar da hankalinsa kan harkokin cikin gida. Ya yi ƙoƙarin murƙushe tashe-tashen hankula da tawaye a cikin daular ta hannun Gazi Hasan Pasha ɗan Aljeriya. Haka kuma, ya yi ƙoƙarin tsara ayyukan gyaran gwamnati tare da taimakon Silâhdar Seyyid Mehmed Pasha (wanda aka fi sani da Karavezir) da Halil Hamid Pasha. A Siriya, an kawo ƙarshen tawayen da Daher al-Umar ya jagoranta, wanda ya haɗa kai da manyan kwamandojin rundunar sojojin ruwan Rasha da ke Tekun Bahar Rum. Ya yi amfani da rikice-rikicen da balaguron yaƙin Rasha na shekarar 1768 ya haifar. Haka kuma, an murƙushe tawayen da ya ɓarke a Masar a shekarar 1775, ciki har da tawayen ƙungiyar Kölemen (Mamlukawa) da ke Masar. A wani ɓangaren kuma, an kawo ƙarshen rikice-rikicen da suka ɓarke a yankin Peloponnese, inda aka samu zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali. Kaptanıderyâ Gazi Hasan Pasha da Cezzâr Ahmed Pasha sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen murƙushe duk waɗannan tashe-tashen hankula.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Abdulhamid II {{!}} Biography, History, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abdulhamid-II |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> ==Manazarta== [[Category:Mutuwan 1789]] 38qz3gnml5nojm68x280zyvml512mb7 975035 975034 2026-11-01T21:06:43Z Beehra 15944 /* Mulki */ 975035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abdul Hamid I''' (an haifeshi ranar 20 ga watan Maris 1725, a Constantinople). Ya kasance ƙaramin ɗa ga Sultan Ahmed III (ya yi sarauta a shekarar 1703 zuwa shekara ta 1730) da matarsa Şermi Kadın . <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |last=Derman Sabancı |date=2002 |title=27. Osmanlı padişahı Sultan I. Abdülhamid'in eserleri |url=http://www.islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328051952/http://islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf |archive-date=28 March 2016 |access-date=15 February 2017 |publisher=Islamic Manuscripts}}</ref> Ahmed III ya yi murabus da ikonsa don goyon bayan dan uwansa Mahmud I, wanda ɗan'uwansa Osman III ya gaje shi, kuma Osman da babban ɗan Ahmed Mustafa III.<ref name="bio" /> A matsayinsa na mai yiwuwa ga gadon sarauta, 'yan uwansa da ɗan'uwansa sun ɗaure Abdul Hamid a cikin ta'aziyya, wanda ya zama al'ada. An tsare shi har zuwa shekara ta 1767. A wannan lokacin, ya sami ilimin farko daga mahaifiyarsa Rabia Şermi, wanda ya koya masa tarihi da rubuce rubuce .<ref name="bio" /> {{Stub}} == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Abdul Hamid a ranar 20 ga Maris, 1725, a birnin Konstantinoful. Shi ne ƙaramin ɗan Sultan Ahmed na III (wanda ya yi sarauta daga 1703 zuwa 1730) da matarsa Şermi Kadın.<ref name="bio">{{cite web|url=http://www.islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf|title=27. Osmanlı padişahı Sultan I. Abdülhamid'in eserleri|author=Derman Sabancı|date=2002|publisher=Islamic Manuscripts|access-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328051952/http://islamicmanuscripts.info/reference/books/Derman-2002-Sabanci/Derman-2002-Sabanci-145-160.pdf|archive-date=28 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ahmed na III ya sauka daga kan karagar mulki, inda ya miƙa sarauta ga ɗan'uwansa Mahmud na I. Daga baya kuma ɗan'uwansa Osman na III ya gaje shi, sannan Mustafa na III, wanda shi ne babban ɗan Ahmed na III, ya gaji Osman. A matsayinsa na wanda zai iya gadon sarauta a nan gaba, 'yan uwansa na wajen uba da kuma babban ɗan'uwansa sun tsare Abdul Hamid a cikin yanayi mai kyau, kamar yadda aka saba yi a wancan lokaci. An ci gaba da tsare shi har zuwa shekarar 1767. A lokacin da yake tsare, ya fara samun iliminsa na farko daga wajen mahaifiyarsa Rabia Şermi, wadda ta koya masa tarihi da kuma fasahar rubutun zane-zane (calligraphy). == Hawa karagar mulki == A ranar da Mustafa III ya rasu, wato 21 ga Janairu, 1774, Abdul Hamid ya hau karagar mulki a wani biki da aka gudanar a fadar sarki. Washegari aka gudanar da jana'izar Mustafa III. Sabon sarkin ya aika da wasiƙa zuwa ga Babban Vizier (Firaministan Daular Usmaniyya), Serdar-ı Ekrem Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha, wanda ke fagen daga, inda ya sanar da shi cewa ya ci gaba da yaƙin da ake yi da Rasha. A ranar 27 ga Janairu, 1774, Abdul Hamid ya je Masallacin Eyüp Sultan, inda aka miƙa masa Takobin Osman, wanda yake alamar sarauta da ikon shugabancin Daular Usmaniyya. == Mulki == Tsawon lokacin da Abdul Hamid ya shafe a tsare ya sa ya zama ba ya damuwa sosai da harkokin mulki, kuma yana saurin amincewa da shawarwarin masu ba shi shawara. Duk da haka, mutum ne mai tsananin addini kuma mai son zaman lafiya tun asali. A lokacin da ya hau karagar mulki, halin matsin tattalin arziki da baitulmalin daular ke ciki ya kai matakin da ba a iya ba wa rundunar Janissaries kyautar kuɗin da aka saba bayarwa a lokacin hawan sabon sarki. Sabon Sarkin ya gaya wa sojojin Janissaries cewa: "Ba sauran kuɗin alawus a baitulmalinmu, saboda ya kamata dukkan 'ya'yanmu da ke aikin soja su koyi wannan hali."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yarbrough |first=Luke B. |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781108634274/type/book |title=Friends of the Emir: Non-Muslim State Officials in Premodern Islamic Thought |date=2019-06-13 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-63427-4 |edition=1 |doi=10.1017/9781108634274.011|s2cid=243058443 }}</ref> Ci gaban rundunar sojojin Daular Usmaniyya daga Sofia, birni mafi girman sansanin sojojinta a yankin Rumeliya, a shekarar 1788. Abdul Hamid ya yi ƙoƙarin kawo sauye-sauye a rundunonin sojin daular, ciki har da rundunar Janissaries da kuma sojojin ruwa. Haka kuma, ya kafa sabuwar rundunar manyan bindigogi, kuma ana danganta shi da kafa Makarantar Injiniyancin Sojojin Ruwan Daular Usmaniyya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Abdulhamid II {{!}} Biography, History, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abdulhamid-II |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Abdul Hamid ya yi ƙoƙarin ƙarfafa ikon mulkin Daular Usmaniyya a kan yankunan Siriya, Masar da Iraƙi.[1] Sai dai, wasu ƙananan nasarorin da aka samu wajen murƙushe tawaye a Siriya da yankin Morea ba su isa su rama asarar yankin Tsibirin Crimea ba. Wannan yanki ya samu 'yancin kai a hukumance a shekarar 1774, amma a zahiri Rasha ce ke da cikakken iko a kansa. A kai a kai, Rasha tana amfani da matsayinta na mai kare Kiristocin Gabas wajen tsoma baki a harkokin cikin gida na Daular Usmaniyya. Daga ƙarshe, Daular Usmaniyya ta ayyana yaƙi da Rasha a shekarar 1787. Ba da daɗewa ba, Austria ma ta shiga yaƙin tare da Rasha. Da farko, Turkiyya ta iya fuskantar yaƙin ba tare da shan babban kaye ba. Amma a ranar 6 ga Disamba, 1788, sojojin Rasha suka ƙwace birnin Ochakov, inda suka kashe dukkan mazaunansa. Lokacin da Abdul Hamid I ya samu labarin faɗuwar birnin Ochakov, bugun jini ya same shi, wanda daga ƙarshe ya yi sanadin mutuwarsa. Duk da gazawarsa a wasu fannoni na mulki, ana ɗaukar Abdul Hamid a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin sarakunan Daular Usmaniyya mafi kyawun ɗabi'a da tausayi.[7] A lokacin babbar gobarar da ta tashi a birnin Konstantinoful a shekarar 1782, shi da kansa ya jagoranci jami'an kashe gobara. Mutane sun girmama shi saboda tsananin kishin addininsa, har ma suka riƙa kiransa da Waliyyi (Veli), ma'ana mutum mai tsoron Allah da kusanci da shi. Haka kuma, ya tsara manufofin kawo sauye-sauye, yana sa ido sosai kan ayyukan gwamnati tare da haɗin gwiwar manyan jami'an mulkinsa. Bayan kawo ƙarshen yaƙin da Rasha, Abdul Hamid I ya mayar da hankalinsa kan harkokin cikin gida. Ya yi ƙoƙarin murƙushe tashe-tashen hankula da tawaye a cikin daular ta hannun Gazi Hasan Pasha ɗan Aljeriya. Haka kuma, ya yi ƙoƙarin tsara ayyukan gyaran gwamnati tare da taimakon Silâhdar Seyyid Mehmed Pasha (wanda aka fi sani da Karavezir) da Halil Hamid Pasha. A Siriya, an kawo ƙarshen tawayen da Daher al-Umar ya jagoranta, wanda ya haɗa kai da manyan kwamandojin rundunar sojojin ruwan Rasha da ke Tekun Bahar Rum. Ya yi amfani da rikice-rikicen da balaguron yaƙin Rasha na shekarar 1768 ya haifar. Haka kuma, an murƙushe tawayen da ya ɓarke a Masar a shekarar 1775, ciki har da tawayen ƙungiyar Kölemen (Mamlukawa) da ke Masar. A wani ɓangaren kuma, an kawo ƙarshen rikice-rikicen da suka ɓarke a yankin Peloponnese, inda aka samu zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali. Kaptanıderyâ Gazi Hasan Pasha da Cezzâr Ahmed Pasha sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen murƙushe duk waɗannan tashe-tashen hankula.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Abdulhamid II {{!}} Biography, History, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abdulhamid-II |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> ==Manazarta== [[Category:Mutuwan 1789]] kzy5jisxfapv96tkee17x8imwzmjjys 0 85210 974992 677450 2026-11-01T19:44:33Z M Bash Ne 12403 974992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Shehu|Sheikh]] '''Hassan bin Mohamed bin Ali Al Thani''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1960 a [[Doha]]) <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://royalbridges.org/home/project/he-sheikh-dr-hassan-bin-mohammed-bin-ali-al-thani-qatar/ |title=Royal Bridges |access-date=2024-09-24 |archive-date=2023-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407010328/http://royalbridges.org/home/project/he-sheikh-dr-hassan-bin-mohammed-bin-ali-al-thani-qatar/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fundacionbancosantander.com/visita_virtual/qatar_museums/es/artistas/hassan_bin_mohammed_bin_ali_al_thani |title=Fundación Banco Santander |access-date=2024-09-24 |archive-date=2016-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220081049/http://www.fundacionbancosantander.com/visita_virtual/qatar_museums/es/artistas/hassan_bin_mohammed_bin_ali_al_thani |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wani fitaccen memba na gidan sarauta a ƙasar Qatar kuma jikan tsohon Sarkin Qatar babban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne a ƙasar Qatar, mai nazari da kuma bincike, kuma malami a fagen Fasahar zamani daga duniyar Larabawa, [[Indiya|kasar Indiya]], da [[Asiya|kuma kasar Asiya]]. Tarin fasaharsa na dala biliyan yana daya daga cikin mafi mahimmanci kuma mai yawa a Gabas ta Tsakiya. Shi ne Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Gidajen Tarihi ta Qatar, Mai ba da shawara kan Harkokin Al'adu a Gidauniyar kasar Qatar kuma wanda ya kafa Mathaf: Gidan Tarihin Larabawa na zamani.<ref name="qma">{{Cite web |title=H.E Sheikh Hassan Bin Mohammed Al-Thani |url=http://www.qma.org.qa/en/about-us0/board-of-trustees/vice-chairman |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701024310/http://www.qma.org.qa/en/about-us0/board-of-trustees/vice-chairman |archive-date=2012-07-01 |access-date=2012-09-23}}</ref><ref name="qf">{{Cite web |title=What is Mathaf? |url=http://www.qf.org.qa/community-development/protecting-qatar-heritage/mathaf/mathaf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007092406/http://www.qf.org.qa/community-development/protecting-qatar-heritage/mathaf/mathaf |archive-date=2011-10-07 |access-date=2012-09-23}}</ref><ref name="mathaf">{{Cite web |title=The Museum |url=http://www.mathaf.org.qa/mathaf_the_museum.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520053709/http://mathaf.org.qa/mathaf_the_museum.html |archive-date=2013-05-20 |access-date=2012-09-23}}</ref> == Iyali == Shi ne ɗan Sheikh Muhammad bin Ali Al Thani kuma jikan tsohon mai mulkin ƙasar Qatar, Sarkin Ali bin Abdulla Al Thani . Ya auri Al-Anoud Khalid Al-Thani kuma yana da yara takwas (8) a duniya. == Ilimi == Sheik Hassan ya yi karatun sa a ɓangaren "Art of the 20th Century" a cikin wani darasi a Jami'ar Qatar a tsakiyar shekarun 1980. A wannan lokacin, akwai ɗan bayani game da fasahar zamani ta Larabawa, kuma babu wata hukuma guda da aka keɓe ga fasahar zamani na Larabawa a duk yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka.<ref name="artnet">[http://www.artnet.com/magazineus/reviews/pollack/mathaf-arab-museum-of-modern-art-in-doha12-23-10.asp The Arab Modern]</ref> Daga nan sai ya yanke shawarar gina tarin kansa da fadada iliminsa game da fasahar zamani ta Larabawa ta hanyar tallafawa da inganta masu fasahar Larabawa.<ref name="huffpost">[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/damaris-colhoun/as-qatar-prepares-to-open_b_801055.html Qatar Opens First Museum of Modern Arab Art, a Q&A With Chief Curator]</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ==Manazarta== lgp3tjf6f943g6enke2o7t0gzq2yx9y 0 88333 975140 953055 2026-11-02T09:25:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975140 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dokokin rikodin kiran waya''' sune dokokin da aka kafa a yawancin hukunce-hukuncen, kamar ƙasashe, jihohi, larduna, waɗanda ke tsara yadda ake yin rikodin kiran tarho . An ba da izinin yin rikodin kira ko saka idanu tare da matakai daban-daban na kariyar sirri, buƙatun tilasta doka, matakan hana zamba, ko amincewar wani ɓangare na ɗaya. == Ostiraliya == ''Dokar Sadarwa ta Tarayya (Interception da Access) Dokar a shekarar 1979'' da Dokokin Jihohin Jihohi da Yanki na iya amfani da su ga saka idanu ko rikodin tattaunawar tarho. Babban ƙa'idar ita ce ƙila ba za a yi rikodin kiran ba. Sashe na 7 na ''Dokar Sadarwa (Interception da Access) Dokar a shekarar 1979'' ta hana yin kiran waya. An bayyana “Interception” a sashe na 6, wanda daya daga cikin abubuwan shi ne an yi shi “ba tare da sanin wanda ya ke yin sadarwa ba”. Akwai keɓancewa ga waɗannan ƙa'idodin a cikin ƙayyadaddun yanayi, gami da inda garanti ya shafi. Idan ana son yin nadi ko saka idanu, dole ne ƙungiya ta gaya wa ɗayan ɓangaren a farkon tattaunawar don ta sami damar ko dai ta ƙare kiran, ko kuma ta nemi a tura ta zuwa wani layi inda saka idanu ko rikodin ba ya aiki. faruwa. Dalilan ƙungiyoyi na iya sa ido ko yin rikodin tattaunawa na iya haɗawa da: * don kare niyyar mutum a cikin mu'amala da kungiyar * don samar da rikodi a yayin da ake jayayya game da ma'amala * don inganta sabis na abokin ciniki. A cikin jihar Queensland ba bisa ka'ida ba ne yin rikodin tattaunawa ta wayar tarho da wani wanda ke tattaunawar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Queensland Legal Aid - Helping Queenslanders with their legal problems |url=http://www.legalaid.qld.gov.au/Find-legal-information/Personal-rights-and-safety/Privacy-and-identity/Privacy |access-date=15 May 2019 |website=www.legalaid.qld.gov.au}}</ref> == Kanada == === Ƙungiyoyi === A Kanada, ƙungiyoyin da ke ƙarƙashin Dokar Kariyar Bayanin Keɓaɓɓu da Dokar Takardun Lantarki <ref>{{Cite web |last=Branch |first=Legislative Services |date=8 April 2019 |title=Consolidated federal laws of canada, Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act |url=https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/P-8.6/ |access-date=15 May 2019 |website=laws-lois.justice.gc.ca}}</ref> (PIPEDA) dole ne su bi PIPEDA lokacin rikodin kira. <ref name=":0">Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada. {{Cite web |date=June 2008 |title=Guidelines for Recording of Customer Telephone Calls |url=https://www.priv.gc.ca/resource/fs-fi/02_05_d_14_e.asp |access-date=September 28, 2017}}</ref> Domin bin PIPEDA, ƙungiyoyi su ɗauki matakai masu zuwa lokacin yin rikodin tattaunawa: <ref name=":0"/> # Dole ne a sanar da mutum cewa ana yin rikodin tattaunawar a farkon kiran. Ana iya yin wannan ta hanyar yin rikodi ta atomatik ko ta wakilin sabis na abokin ciniki. <ref name=":0"/> # Dole ne a ba wa mutum shawara game da dalilai. Dole ne ƙungiyar ta kasance a sarari game da dalilai; kada kungiya ta bayyana cewa tana yin rikodin tattaunawar don dalilai masu inganci idan, a zahiri, za a yi amfani da rikodin don wasu dalilai. Sanar da mutum dalilai za a iya yi ta hanyoyi daban-daban - da baki, ta hanyar latsa lamba akan faifan maɓalli (cikin yanayin saƙon atomatik) ko tare da bayyanannun saƙon akan bayanan kowane wata. (Misali: Idan kuna da wasu tambayoyi game da lissafin ku don Allah a kira 1-800-XXX-XXXX. Lura za a yi rikodin kiran ku don...) Idan mutum ya ci gaba da sanin ana yin rikodin tattaunawar da manufar yin rikodin., yarda yana nufin. <ref name=":0" /> # Idan mai kiran ya ƙi yin rikodi, ƙungiyar yakamata ta samar wa mai kiran wasu hanyoyi masu ma'ana. Zaɓuɓɓukan na iya haɗawa da rashin latsa kiran; ziyartar kantin sayar da kayayyaki; rubuta wasika; ko, gudanar da ciniki akan Intanet. <ref name=":0" /> === Mutane === Mutum na iya yin rikodin kira muddin suna ɗaya daga cikin mahalarta kiran. Ana iya amfani da rikodin a matsayin shaida a cikin ƙara. <ref name=":2" /> Duk da haka, ba bisa ka'ida ba ne don yin rikodin sadarwa cewa ƙungiyar masu rikodin ba ta shiga. Yin rikodin ba bisa ka'ida ba zai iya haifar da hukuncin daurin shekaru biyar a gidan yari. Sashe na 183 (Sashe na VI) na [[Criminal Code (Canada)|kundin laifuffuka]] kuma ya haramta yin rikodin bayanan sirri na sirri ba tare da izinin ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda aka nufa ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 6, 2008 |title=Is it legal to record a private conversation? Wiretapping and the one party consent exception to the rule against interception |url=http://www.legaltree.ca/node/908 |access-date=September 28, 2017}}</ref> == Jamhuriyar Czech == Ana iya yin rikodin kira da tattaunawa ta kowane ɗan takara, ba tare da buƙatu don sa wasu ɓangarori su san rikodi ba. An taƙaita sosai ta yaya za ku iya amfani da irin wannan rikodi. Babban ra'ayin shine a yi amfani da shi kawai don kare haƙƙin ku da doka ta ba ku. Dokar da ke magance wannan ita ce NOZ, [https://www.kurzy.cz/zakony/89-2012-obcansky-zakonik/paragraf-86/ § 86] da [https://www.kurzy.cz/zakony/89-2012-obcansky-zakonik/paragraf-88/ § 88] . == Denmark == Ana iya yin rikodin kira da tattaunawa ta kowane ɗan takara, ba tare da buƙatu don sa wasu ɓangarori su san rikodi ba. Amma tura ko kunna kiran da aka ɗauka na sirri haramun ne. Hukumar Kare Bayanai ta Denmark (DPA) ta yanke hukunci a ranar 11 ga watan Afrilu, shekara ta 2019, cewa ana buƙatar ingantaccen yarda lokacin da kamfanoni ke yin rikodin kiran wayar abokin ciniki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Straffeloven - Bekendtgørelse af straffeloven - retsinformation.dk |url=https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/r0710.aspx?id=181992#Kap27 |access-date=15 May 2019 |website=www.retsinformation.dk}}</ref> == Finland == Game da mutane masu zaman kansu, kowane ɗan takara na iya yin rikodin kira da tattaunawa. Babu wani abin da ake buƙata don sa wasu ɓangarori su san rikodin, amma yin amfani da rikodin, dangane da abubuwan da ke cikin su, na iya kasancewa ƙarƙashin dokoki daban-daban, kamar dokokin kariya (sirri), dokokin cin zarafi, dokokin kasuwanci da sirrin ƙasa. da kowace yarjejeniyoyin, kamar yarjejeniyar rashin bayyanawa. <ref name="Finland">{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Omien keskustelujen ja puheluiden nauhoittaminen työpaikalla (Data Protection Ombudsman) |url=http://www.tietosuoja.fi/fi/index/ratkaisut/puheluidennauhoittaminen.html |access-date=28 September 2017 |archive-date=17 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217111632/http://www.tietosuoja.fi/fi/index/ratkaisut/puheluidennauhoittaminen.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rikodin kira ta kamfani ko ma'aikaci yana ƙarƙashin dokar kariyar bayanai kuma, a matsayin gama-gari, yana buƙatar sanar da mahalarta kafin yin rikodi. <ref name="Finland"/> == Jamus == Jamus hukumcin yarda ne na jam'iyyun biyu - rikodin wayar tarho ba tare da izinin biyun ba ko, idan an zartar, ƙari, ƙungiyoyin laifi ne bisa ga § 201 na Kundin Laifukan Jamus <ref>{{Cite web |title=Criminal Code (Strafgesetzbuch, StGB) |url=http://www.iuscomp.org/gla/statutes/StGB.htm#201 |access-date=15 May 2019 |website=www.iuscomp.org |archive-date=26 April 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010426054458/http://www.iuscomp.org/gla/statutes/StGB.htm#201 |url-status=dead }}</ref> - keta sirrin kalmar da aka faɗa. . Dole ne alkali ya amince da latsa waya daga hukumomi. Ana iya yin rikodin rikodi ta wayar tarho ta ɗan ƙasa mai zaman kansa a cikin lamuran kare kai, § 32 na Tsarin Laifin Jamusanci, <ref>{{Cite web |title=GERMAN CRIMINAL CODE |url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_stgb/englisch_stgb.html#p0172 |access-date=15 May 2019 |website=www.gesetze-im-internet.de}}</ref> ko Larura, § 34 na Tsarin Laifin Jamus. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Translation provided by Prof. Dr. Michael Bohlander |date=13 November 1998 |title=Sec. 34 of the German Criminal Code |url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_stgb/englisch_stgb.html#p0177 |access-date=May 16, 2019 |website=German Criminal Code |publisher=[[Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz]], Bundesamt für Justiz (Deutschland)}}</ref> Don tattaunawa kan shigar halal a Jamus duba [[:de:Telekommunikationsüberwachung]] (harshen Jamus). == Indiya == Indiya ba ta da takamaiman doka da ke magana game da rikodin kiran waya. Ba laifi ba ne mutum ya yi rikodin kiran wayar da su kansu mahalartansa ba tare da izini daga sauran ɓangarorin ba duk da cewa masu rikodin na iya fuskantar shari'a idan ɗayan ɓangaren ya ɗauki matakin a matsayin keta sirrin su. Duk da haka, rikodin kiran wayar da masu rikodin ba su halarta ba haramun ne kuma an haramta shi da sashi na 21 na kundin tsarin mulkin Indiya sai dai idan wanda ya yi rikodin ya riga ya amince daga mahalarta kiran. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Goyal |first=Aman |date=2014-09-04 |title=Audio-visual recording of "informed consent" in India: Step towards "understood consent" |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740774514542621 |journal=Clinical Trials |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=605–606 |doi=10.1177/1740774514542621 |issn=1740-7745 |pmid=25190028 |s2cid=206773605}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=India Audio and Video recording laws |url=https://recordinglaw.com/india-recording-laws/#:~:text=No%20law%20specifies%20whether%20one,all%20parties%20to%20the%20conversation |publisher=Recording Laws}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 April 2022 |title=Is call recording legal in India: See admissible court laws |url=https://www.indialegallive.com/legal/is-call-recording-legal-in-india/ |publisher=IndiaLegalLive}}</ref> Gwamnatin Tsakiya ko Gwamnatin Jiha tana da ikon yin odar saƙon sakonni ta 12, sashe na 5 na Dokar Telegraph ta Indiya a shekarar 1885. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 |url=http://dot.gov.in/sites/default/files/the_indian_telegraph_act_1985_pdf.pdf |access-date=May 16, 2019 |publisher=[[Department of Telecommunications]], Ministry of Communication, Government of India |archive-date=May 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531193815/http://dot.gov.in/sites/default/files/the_indian_telegraph_act_1985_pdf.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> Dokar 419 da 419A ta bayyana. Ana ba da izinin latsa waya bisa umarnin kotu kawai kuma ana ba da irin wannan izini ne kawai idan ana buƙatar hana wani babban laifi da ya shafi tsaron ƙasa ko kuma tattara bayanan sirri kan ayyukan yaƙi da ƙasa ko ta'addanci. Ko da yake an fara rufe laifuffukan tattalin arziƙi / guje wa biyan haraji a ƙarƙashin dalilan kutse na wayoyi, gwamnati ta janye hakan a cikin shekarar 1999 bisa ga umarnin Kotun Koli da ke nuna kariya ga sirrin mutum. Dangane da Dokar 428 na ka'idodin telegraph na Indiya, babu wani mutum ba tare da izinin hukumar telegraph ba, ya yi amfani da kowace waya ko sanadi ko sharadi don amfani da ita, dalilai banda kafa kiran gida ko akwati. Umurnin Gwamnatin Indiya sun ba da izini don haɗe-haɗe. Babu tanadi don abin da aka makala don yin rikodin tattaunawa. == Italiya == A cewar Kotun Koli na Cassation, maganganun da aka yi rikodin suna da doka kuma za a iya amfani da su a matsayin shaida a kotu, ko da idan ɗayan ba su san an rubuta su ba, idan dai ƙungiyar ta rikodi ta shiga cikin tattaunawar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Francesco Polimeni |date=5 May 2014 |title=Registrare di nascosto: per la Cassazione è legale |url=http://notizie.tiscali.it/socialnews/articoli/polimeni/13230/registrare-di-nascosto-per-la-cassazione-e-legale/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011100301/http://notizie.tiscali.it/socialnews/articoli/polimeni/13230/registrare-di-nascosto-per-la-cassazione-e-legale/ |archive-date=11 October 2016 |publisher=[[Tiscali]] News |language=it}}</ref> == Ireland == Kiran yin rikodin doka ne kuma ana iya amfani da rikodin azaman shaida a kotu, tana ba da rikodin mutumin ɗan takara ne ga tattaunawar, ko kuma yana da izini daga aƙalla ɗan takara ɗaya daga tattaunawar. == Latvia == Kira da tattaunawa ta mutane masu zaman kansu na iya yin rikodin ta kowane ɗan takara mai aiki. Babu wani buƙatu a cikin dokoki don sa wasu ɓangarori su san rikodin, amma yin amfani da rikodin, dangane da abubuwan da suke ciki, na iya kasancewa ƙarƙashin dokoki daban-daban. <ref name="Latvia">{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Fizisko personu datu aizsardzības likums (Personal Data Protection Law) |url=https://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=4042 |access-date=28 September 2017}}</ref> == Netherlands == Mataki na 139a na Dokar Laifukan Yaren mutanen Holland ya ce "Wanda ya yi amfani da taimakon fasaha da gangan don yin rikodin tattaunawar da ake yi a cikin gida, ɗakin da ke rufe ko tsakar gida, ba tare da kasancewa mai shiga cikin tattaunawar ba kuma ba tare da wani umarni daga irin wannan mahalarta ba., hukuncin daurin da bai wuce wata shida ba ko kuma tarar kashi na <ref name="Netherlands">{{Cite web |title=Artikel 139a Wetboek van Strafrecht |url=https://mijnwetten.nl/wetboek-van-strafrecht/artikel139a |access-date=21 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531005617/https://mijnwetten.nl/wetboek-van-strafrecht/artikel139a |archive-date=31 May 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> . A wasu kalmomi, muddin mutum ya kasance da kansa mahalarta, an ba su damar (cikin hikima) rubuta gaba ɗaya tattaunawar. Bugu da ƙari, yayin da ba a bayyana a sarari ba, Dokar Kariya ta Gabaɗaya ta Turai ta shafi duk wani aiki na tattaunawa na sirri wanda ba 'kai tsaye na sirri' ba. Duk wani bugu, ba tare da izini ba, saboda haka haramun ne. == New Zealand == Rikodin kiran waya ta masu zaman kansu ya faɗi ƙarƙashin tanadin da ke da alaƙa da tsangwama na Dokar Laifukan shekarar 1961, wanda ke da hani gaba ɗaya kan amfani da na'urorin shiga tsakani. An keɓance don lokacin da mutumin da ke satar kiran ya kasance ɓangaren tattaunawa. Babu wata bukata da bangarorin biyu su san tsangwamar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Crimes Act 1961, Section 216B |url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1961/0043/latest/DLM329814.html |access-date=28 September 2017}}</ref> Rikodin kiran tarho duk da haka yana faɗuwa ƙarƙashin ikon Dokar Sirri. Gabaɗaya, yin rikodin kiran tarho masu alaƙa da al'amuran sirri bai saba wa Dokar Keɓancewa ba, yayin da yin rikodi don kowane dalilai zai yi. Musamman, yawanci ana ɗaukar rashin adalci don yin rikodin wani ba tare da gaya musu ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Can I record someone without telling them? |url=https://www.privacy.org.nz/tools/knowledge-base/view/31 |access-date=24 April 2021 |archive-date=24 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424101713/https://www.privacy.org.nz/tools/knowledge-base/view/31 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Har yanzu yana iya zama doka don yin rikodi ba tare da izini ba idan sha'awar jama'a ga abun ciki na rikodi ya yi ƙarfi fiye da sha'awar keɓantawa ko sha'awar sirri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2018 |title=Phone recordings: what's legal and what's not |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/afternoons/audio/2018667395/phone-recordings-what-s-legal-and-what-s-not |access-date=24 April 2021 |website=[[Radio New Zealand]]}}</ref> == Poland == Bisa ga Dokar Laifin Yaren mutanen Poland (art. 267), rikodin kira ya zama doka ga mutum mai zaman kansa kawai lokacin da mutum mai rikodi yana ɗaya daga cikin mahalarta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Criminal Code z dnia 6 czerwca 1997 r. (Dz.U. tłum. gb Nr 88, poz. 553) |url=https://supertrans2014.files.wordpress.com/2014/06/the-criminal-code.pdf |access-date=May 16, 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Ba a buƙatar izini daga ɗayan ɓangaren sannan. Hakazalika ga Latvia, yin amfani da rikodin, dangane da abubuwan da suke ciki, na iya kasancewa ƙarƙashin dokoki daban-daban. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2017 |title=Nagrywanie rozmów - kiedy jest legalne? |url=https://www.alfatronik.com.pl/info/nagrywanie-rozmow-legalne/ |access-date=15 May 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2018 |title=Legalność nagrywania rozmowy. Czy taki materiał może być dowodem w sprawie? |url=https://bezprawnik.pl/legalnosc-nagrywania-rozmowy/ |access-date=15 May 2019}}</ref> == Romania == Kashe hanyoyin sadarwa ya faɗi ƙarƙashin tanadin Code of Penal kuma, a cikin yanayin sadarwar lantarki, a ƙarƙashin [http://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocument/56973#id_artA88_ttl Dokar Sadarwa (506/2004)] . An ba da izinin yin rikodin tattaunawa ta memba mai zaman kansa zuwa waccan tattaunawar. Duk da haka, yayin da irin waɗannan rikodin na doka ne, yin amfani da su na iya faɗuwa cikin ƙarin dokar farar hula ko na laifuka. Amincewarsu a matsayin shaida kuma ya dogara da yanayin. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zarrin |first=Shazia |last2=Saxena |first2=Shashi |last3=Arif-ul-Islam |date=September 2010 |title=Step-stress Accelerated Life Testing for Exponentiated Weibull Distribution |journal=Safety and Reliability |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=5–13 |doi=10.1080/09617353.2010.11690911 |issn=0961-7353 |s2cid=124623801}}</ref> == Sweden == Bisa ga ka'idar Penal Code na Sweden (Brottsbalken) Babi na 4, 8-9 §§, ba bisa ka'ida ba ne ''yin'' rikodin maganganun tarho mara izini. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Riksdagsförvaltningen |title=Brottsbalk (1962:700) Svensk författningssamling 1962:1962:700 t.o.m. SFS 2019:34 - Riksdagen |url=http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/brottsbalk-1962700_sfs-1962-700 |access-date=15 May 2019 |website=www.riksdagen.se}}</ref> Kotu na iya ba da izini ga hukumomin tilasta bin doka don buga layukan tarho. Har ila yau, duk wanda ke shiga cikin kiran tarho na iya yin rikodin tattaunawar - aƙalla ɓangare ɗaya a cikin kiran dole ne ya san yadda ake yin rikodin. Ana yarda da rikodin ko da yaushe a matsayin shaida a cikin kotu, ko da an same shi ta haramtacciyar hanya. == Taiwan == Kamar yadda doka ta 29 ta Dokar Tsaro da Sa ido ta Sadarwa ta shekarar 1999, yin rikodin kira ya halatta idan wanda ke gudanar da sa ido yana ɗaya daga cikin bangarorin sadarwa, ko kuma ya sami izini daga ɗaya daga cikin bangarorin da ke cikin sadarwa, kuma ba a aiwatar da shi ba. haramtacciyar manufa. A [[Turkiyya]], akwai tsauraran sharuɗɗa na aikin sa ido da kuma adana bayanan, amma idan dai ya bayyana isa ga ainihin abin da ake amfani da shi da kuma hanyoyin aiwatar da doka ta hukuma, ana ɗaukarsa. kamar yadda ya halatta. Ana zargin batun da ke hannun da laifin binciken laifin da ba shi da alaka da shi saboda haka dance buga wayar ya dace.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2023}}</link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Ƙasar Ingila == === Ingila da Wales === Dokar ikon bincike ta a shekarar 2000 gabaɗaya ta hana yin hulɗa da wani ɓangare na uku, tare da keɓancewa da hukumomin gwamnati. Ba a haramta yin rikodin da wani ɓangare ya yi don kiran waya ko imel ba tare da sanar da ɗayan ba idan har an yi rikodin don amfanin kansu; An haramta yin rikodi ba tare da sanarwa ba inda aka samar da wasu abubuwan da ke cikin sadarwa-tattaunawar waya ko e-mail ga wani ɓangare na uku. Kasuwanci na iya yin rikodin tare da sanin ma'aikatansu, amma ba tare da sanar da ɗayan ba, zuwa: * ba da shaida na ma'amalar kasuwanci * tabbatar da cewa kasuwanci ya bi ka'idodin tsari * ganin cewa ana cika ka'idoji ko maƙasudai * kare tsaron kasa * hana ko gano laifi * bincika yin amfani da tsarin sadarwa mara izini * tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki na tsarin sadarwa Za su iya saka idanu ba tare da yin rikodin kiran waya ko imel ɗin da aka karɓa don ganin ko sun dace da kasuwancin ba (misali, don bincika sadarwar kasuwanci da aka yi magana da ma'aikacin da ba ya nan); amma irin wannan saka idanu dole ne ya kasance daidai kuma daidai da dokokin kariya da ka'idojin aiki. Wannan taƙaitaccen bayani ba lallai ba ne ya ƙunshi duk wasu lokuta masu yuwuwa. Babban dokokin da dole ne a bi su shine: * Dokokin ikon Bincike na 2000 ("RIPA") * Sadarwa (Halatta Kasuwancin Kasuwanci) (Kasuwancin Sadarwa) Dokokin a shekarar 2000 ("Dokokin LBP"). * Gabaɗaya Dokokin Kariya * Dokokin Sadarwa (Kariyar Bayanai da Sirri) a shekara ta 1999 * Dokar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na shekarar 1998. Ƙarƙashin RIPA yin rikodi ko sa ido kan sadarwa ba bisa ka'ida ba laifi ne, ba da izinin aiwatar da aikin farar hula a cikin kotuna. Akwai taƙaitaccen ƙa'idodin aiki akan gidan yanar gizon Ofcom. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Other issues - Ofcom |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/phones-telecoms-and-internet/how-to-report-a-complaint/other-issues |access-date=26 May 2020}}</ref> Wani lokaci ana ba da shawarar yin rikodi, kamar yadda a cikin rikodin ma'amalar kasuwanci da aka yi ta wayar tarho don samar da rikodin. Wani lokaci yakan zama wajibi; daga watan Maris, shekara ta 2009 Dokokin Hukumar Sabis na Kuɗi sun buƙaci kamfanoni su yi rikodin duk tattaunawar tarho da sadarwar lantarki da suka shafi umarni na abokin ciniki da ƙarshen ma'amaloli a cikin daidaito, haɗin gwiwa, da kasuwanni masu ƙima. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 3, 2008 |title=FSA Web site: FSA publishes new rules on telephone recording |url=http://www.fsa.gov.uk/library/communication/pr/2008/017.shtml |access-date=September 28, 2017 |publisher=FSA |archive-date=September 4, 2012 |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20120904122645/http%3A//www.fsa.gov.uk/library/communication/pr/2008/017.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin watan Nuwamban shekarar 2011 an tsawaita wannan don rufe rikodin tattaunawar wayar hannu da ke da alaƙa da umarni na abokin ciniki da ma'amala ta kamfanoni masu tsari. === Scotland === Halin da ake ciki a Scotland yayi kama da na Ingila da Wales, wanda Dokar Bincike ta Ƙarfafa (Scotland) ta a shekarar 2000 ta rufe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Regulation of Investigatory Powers (Scotland) Act 2000 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/asp/2000/11/contents/data.htm |access-date=2019-03-29 |website=www.legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> == Amurka == A cikin ''[[Rathbun v. United States (1957)|Rathbun da Amurka]]'', [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli ta Amurka]] ta yanke hukunci game da sadarwa tsakanin jihohi ko kuma na waje cewa "a bayyane yake cewa wanda ke da ikon karɓar sadarwar yana iya amfani da shi don amfanin kansa ko kuma ya yi amfani da shi. ba shi da gata, kuma wata ƙungiya ba za ta tilasta wa ɗayan ba ta hanyar amfani da wayar tarho kawai. yi rikodin tattaunawar kuma buga shi." Dubi ''Amurka v. Polakoff'', 113 F. 2d 888, 889. Dokar tarayya ta buƙaci a sanar da aƙalla ƙungiya ɗaya da ke shiga cikin kiran game da rikodin ( 18 USC § 2511 (2) (d)). Dokokin yin rikodin kira a wasu jihohin Amurka suna buƙatar ƙungiya ɗaya kawai don sanin rikodin, yayin da sauran jihohin gabaɗaya suna buƙatar ɓangarori biyu su sani. Jihohi da yawa suna buƙatar duk ɓangarorin su yarda lokacin da ƙungiya ɗaya ke son yin rikodin tattaunawar tarho. <ref name="RCFP">{{Cite web |date=August 1, 2012 |title=Tape-recording laws at a glance |url=http://www.rcfp.org/reporters-recording-guide/tape-recording-laws-glance |access-date=September 28, 2017 |publisher=[[Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press]]}}</ref> Dokokin tarayya ne ke tafiyar da rikodin waya kuma ta nau'ikan dokokin jiha iri biyu: === Jihohin yarda biyu === Jihohin da ke buƙatar gabaɗaya cewa duk ɓangarori sun yarda da rikodin sun haɗa da: * California * Connecticut (Don yin rikodin lantarki kawai, dole ne a sanar da duk ƙungiyoyi game da rikodin, ba tare da ƴan kaɗan ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Christopher Reinhart |date=October 1, 1999 |title=RECORDING PHONE CALLS |url=https://www.cga.ct.gov/PS99/rpt%5Colr%5Chtm/99-R-0987.htm |website=www.cga.ct.gov}}</ref> Domin yin rikodin cikin mutum, ƙa'idar ita ce amincewar ƙungiya ɗaya koyaushe.) <ref name="dmlp.org">{{Cite web |date=May 14, 2014 |title=Recording Phone Calls and Conversations |url=http://www.dmlp.org/legal-guide/recording-phone-calls-and-conversations |access-date=September 28, 2017 |publisher=[[Digital Media Law Project]]}}</ref> * Delaware <ref>{{Cite web |title=11 DE Code § 1335 (2022) |url=https://law.justia.com/codes/delaware/2022/title-11/chapter-5/subchapter-vii/section-1335/ |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=Justia Law}}</ref> * Florida <ref>{{Cite web |title=Statutes & Constitution :View Statutes : Online Sunshine |url=http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm/Sections/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&Search_String=&URL=0900-0999/0934/Sections/0934.03.html |access-date=15 May 2019 |website=www.leg.state.fl.us}}</ref>{{Ana bukatan hujja|reason=secondary source needed|date=July 2023}}</link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" data-ve-ignore="true" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="secondary source needed (July 2023)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> * Hawaii* (gaba ɗaya jihar jam'iyya ɗaya, amma yana buƙatar izinin ɓangare biyu idan an shigar da na'urar rikodi a wuri mai zaman kansa) <ref name="dmlp.org" /> * Illinois (sauraron, watsawa, ko yin rikodin tattaunawa na sirri ba na lantarki ba yana buƙatar izini daga kowane bangare) <ref name=":3" /> <ref name="ilga.gov">{{Cite web |title=Illinois General Assembly - Illinois Compiled Statutes |url=http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/fulltext.asp?DocName=072000050K14-2 |access-date=2018-06-20 |website=www.ilga.gov |language=en}}[one-party recording of electronic communications is allowed by 720 ILCS 5/14-2(a)(3)]</ref> * Maryland <ref>{{Cite web |title=Maryland Courts and Judicial Proceedings Section 10-402 |url=https://law.justia.com/codes/maryland/2005/gcj/10-402.html |access-date=15 May 2019 |website=Justia Law}}</ref> * Massachusetts <ref name="dmlp.org" /> (kawai an dakatar da rikodin "asiri" kawai, <ref name="dmlp.org-mass">{{Cite web |date=May 8, 2013 |title=Massachusetts Recording Law |url=http://www.dmlp.org/legal-guide/massachusetts-recording-law |access-date=September 28, 2017 |publisher=[[Digital Media Law Project]]}}</ref> ce kadai jihar da ba ta da "wuri na jama'a". Kwaskwarimar Farko a cikin sharuɗɗan da aka ɗauka a cikin shari'ar da Project Veritas ya gabatar a cikin shekarar 2018. ) * Montana (yana buƙatar sanarwa kawai) <ref name="mt">{{Cite web |last=Montana Legislative Services |title=45-8-213. Privacy in communications |url=http://leg.mt.gov/bills/mca/45/8/45-8-213.htm |access-date=2024-11-30 |archive-date=2015-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226233347/http://leg.mt.gov/bills/mca/45/8/45-8-213.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> * New Hampshire * Oregon * (Ƙungiya ɗaya don sadarwar lantarki, ƙungiya biyu don tattaunawa ta cikin mutum. An yi mulki a cikin 2023 don keta Dokar Farko a cikin shari'ar da Project Veritas ya shigar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=PROJECT VERITAS V. SCHMIDT (No.22-35271) |url=https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2023/07/03/22-35271.pdf}}</ref> ) * Pennsylvania * Washington (duk da haka, sashe na uku na dokar Washington ya faɗi cewa ana ba da izini idan ɗaya daga cikin ɓangarorin ya sanar da cewa za su yi rikodin kiran ta hanyar da ta dace idan rikodin ya ƙunshi wannan sanarwar). <ref>{{Cite web |title=RCW 9.73.030: Intercepting, recording, or divulging private communication—Consent required—Exceptions. |url=https://apps.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=9.73.030 |access-date=15 May 2019 |website=apps.leg.wa.gov}}</ref> === Yarjejeniyar jam'iyya daya ta bayyana === Jihohin yarda guda ɗaya sune: <ref name="RCFP"/>   Wasu jihohi sun bambanta tsakanin sadarwa ta hanyar lantarki da ta cikin mutum. Misali, Illinois da Oregon jihohin yarda ɗaya ne don sadarwar lantarki, amma suna buƙatar izinin duk wani ɓangare don sadarwa ta cikin mutum kai tsaye, tare da ƴan keɓe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 1, 2012 |title=Oregon |url=https://www.rcfp.org/reporters-recording-guide/state-state-guide/oregon |access-date=September 28, 2017 |publisher=[[Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press]]}}</ref> Kotun Koli ta California ta yanke hukunci a shekara ta 2006 cewa idan mai kira a cikin jam'iyya ɗaya ya rubuta tattaunawa da wani a California, mai kiran jam'iyya ɗaya yana ƙarƙashin tsauraran dokoki kuma dole ne ya sami izini daga duk masu kira (cf. ''Kearney). v. Salomon Smith Barney Inc.'', 39 Cal. 4th 95 ). Duk da haka, ana iya yin rikodin rashin bayyanawa daga ɗayan bangarorin a doka idan ɗayan yana barazanar satar mutane, ƙwace, cin hanci, [[Safarar Mutane|fataucin mutane]], ko wani mummunan tashin hankali. Har ila yau, an haɗa a cikin ban da rashin kuskure da barazanar rauni ga mutane ko dukiya ta hanyar na'urar sadarwa ta lantarki (yawanci ta waya) idan an umurce ta gaba ɗaya ko wani ɓangare zuwa ga mahalarta tattaunawa ko ƴan uwa. Bayan hukuncin Kotun Koli ta Illinois a cikin ''Mutane v. Clark/Melongo'' a ranar 20 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 2014, wanda ya rushe dokar amincewar jam'iyyun biyu na Illinois, Illinois ta kasance jihar amincewar jam'iyya daya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=People v. Melongo |url=http://www.illinoiscourts.gov/Opinions/SupremeCourt/2014/114852.pdf}}</ref> Koyaya, majalisar dokokin jihar ta gyara dokar kuma, tun daga ranar 30 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta 2014, Illinois ta sake zama jihar amincewar jam'iyyun biyu don sadarwar da ba ta lantarki ba. <ref name="ilga.gov"/> Kotun daukaka kara ta Michigan ta yanke hukunci a cikin shekara ta 1982 cewa masu shiga cikin tattaunawa na iya yin rikodin tattaunawa ba tare da samun izinin sauran mahalarta ba. Hukuncin ya bayyana cewa sauraron sauraren karar ya shafi: "wani bangare na uku da ba a saurara a cikin tattaunawar ba". Wannan shi ne saboda doka ta yi amfani da kalmar, "bayanan sirri na wasu", maimakon kalmomin, "bayanan sirri na wasu ''ko tare da wasu'' " . <ref name="publicdocs">{{Cite web |date=August 21, 2003 |title=State of Michigan Court of Appeals |url=http://publicdocs.courts.mi.gov/OPINIONS/FINAL/COA/20030821_C234723_55_161O.234723.OPN.COA.PDF |access-date=September 28, 2017 |publisher=publicdocs.courts.mi.gov}}</ref> Yawancin lokaci ana fassara dokar Michigan kamar yadda ake buƙatar izinin duk bangarorin tattaunawa. <ref name="dmlp">{{Cite web |title=Michigan Recording Law &#124; Digital Media Law Project |url=http://www.dmlp.org/legal-guide/michigan-recording-law |access-date=September 28, 2017 |publisher=dmlp.org}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2019, Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta amince da shari'ar Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Michigan ta a shekarar 1982, amma ta annabta cewa Kotun Koli ta Michigan za ta yanke shawarar cewa mahalarta cikin tattaunawa ba za su iya yin rikodin tattaunawa ba tare da amincewar dukkan bangarorin ba, don haka ta yanke hukuncin cewa Michigan na buƙatar amincewar dukkan bangarorin., haifar da rarrabuwa tsakanin kotuna daban-daban. <ref>{{Cite web |date=Jun 14, 2019 |title=Michigan v. Project Veritas |url=https://casetext.com/case/michigan-v-project-veritas-5 |access-date=November 28, 2023 |archive-date=June 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625145116/https://casetext.com/case/michigan-v-project-veritas-5 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Duk da haka, a cikin shekarar 2021, Kotun Gundumar Amurka ta juya kanta ta hanyar sake nazari, a wani bangare saboda Babban Mai Shari'a na Michigan yana neman kotun ta yi hakan, kuma ta warware rarrabuwar kawuna a tsakanin kotuna ta hanyar canza hukuncinta zuwa Michigan ta ba da damar wata ƙungiya a cikin tattaunawa. yi rikodin tattaunawa ba tare da samun izinin sauran mahalarta ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=Nov 8, 2021 |title=AFT Mich. v. Project Veritas |url=https://casetext.com/case/aft-mich-v-project-veritas-4 |access-date=November 28, 2023 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Siffofin rikodi na sanarwar da kamfanin waya suka karɓa === Hukumar Sadarwa ta Tarayya ta fayyace nau'ikan sanarwar da aka karɓa don yin rikodin tarho ta kamfanonin waya kamar: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Subpart E--Use of Recording Devices by Telephone Companies |url=https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title47-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title47-vol3-sec64-501.pdf |access-date=September 28, 2017 |publisher=United States Government Publishing Office}}</ref> * sanarwa ta baki (baki) ko rubutacciyar sanarwa na duk bangarorin tattaunawar tarho; * sanarwa na baka (na baka) kafin a yi rikodin (wannan shine nau'in da aka fi amfani da shi); * sautin ƙara mai ji mai maimaitawa a lokaci-lokaci yayin kiran. == Duba kuma == * Na'urar sauraron ɓoyayyiya * Sauraron saurare * Hacking na waya * Amintaccen tarho * Latsa waya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.fcc.gov/cgb/consumerfacts/recordcalls.html Bayanan masu amfani da FCC akan rikodin kira] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120111100456/http://www.privacyrights.org/fs/fs9-wrtp.htm Tsare Haƙƙin Keɓantawa / UCAN] * [https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/2511- Dokar tarayya 18 USC 119, Sec. 2511 (2) (d)] * [http://fixyourthinking.com/2004/01/recording-phone-call-laws-by-state.html Cikakken Maganar Rikodin Dokar Waya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522050822/https://www.fixyourthinking.com/2004/01/recording-phone-call-laws-by-state.html |date=2022-05-22 }} * [http://www.priv.gc.ca/resource/fs-fi/02_05_d_14_e.asp Sharuɗɗa don yin rikodin kiran wayar abokin ciniki] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nv10b9za8arffqla8xhryz907eqwaf3 0 89133 975123 620772 2026-11-02T06:07:23Z Zahrah0 14848 975123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rantoul''' birni ne wanda yake gundumar Calumet a jihar Wisconsin ta kasar Amurka.<ref>U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008</ref> Yawan jama'a ya kasance 740 a ƙidayar 2020, ƙasa daga 798 a ƙidayar 2010.<ref>Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Rantoul town, Calumet County, Wisconsin". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved September 9, 2015</ref> Ƙungiyar da ba ta da haɗin kai ta Wells tana wani yanki a cikin garin.<ref>"US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.</ref> == Ilimin kasa == Garin Rantoul yana arewa maso gabashin gundumar Calumet.<ref>Census Bureau profile: Rantoul town, Calumet County, Wisconsin". United States Census Bureau. May 2023. Retrieved November 5, 2024.</ref> Tana iyaka da gundumar Manitowoc zuwa gabas. Ƙauyen Potter yana tsakiyar garin amma yanki ne na daban, kuma ƙauyen Hilbert ya taɓa iyakar garin na arewa maso yamma. Dangane da Ofishin Kididdiga ta Amurka, garin yana da jimlar mil mil 32.4 (83.8 km2), wanda 31.9 murabba'in mil (82.6 km2) ƙasa ne kuma 0.46 murabba'in mil (1.2 km2), ko 1.40%, ruwa ne. <ref>"Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Rantoul town, Calumet County, Wisconsin". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved September 9, 2015.[dead link]</ref><ref>"United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008</ref> == Alkaluma == Dangane da ƙidayar<ref>U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.</ref> na 2000, akwai mutane 841, gidaje 261, da iyalai 222 da ke zaune a garin. Yawan yawan jama'a ya kasance mutane 25.9 a kowace murabba'in mil (10.0/km2). Akwai rukunin gidaje 267 a matsakaicin yawa na 8.2 a kowace murabba'in mil (3.2/km2).<ref>"U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008</ref> Tsarin launin fata na garin ya kasance 96.79% Fari, 0.83% Ba'amurke, 0.83% Asiya, da 1.55% daga jinsi biyu ko fiye. Hispanic ko Latino na kowace kabila sun kasance 0.12% na yawan jama'a.<ref>"US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.</ref> Akwai gidaje 261, daga cikinsu kashi 45.6% na da ‘ya’ya ‘yan kasa da shekara 18 suna zaune tare da su, kashi 74.3% ma’aurata ne da ke zaune tare, kashi 6.1% na da mace mai gida babu miji, kashi 14.9% kuma ba iyali ba ne. Kashi 10.3% na dukkan gidaje sun kasance mutane ne, kuma kashi 3.8% na da wanda ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ya kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. Matsakaicin girman gida shine 3.22 kuma matsakaicin girman dangi shine 3.49.<ref>Census Bureau profile: Rantoul town, Calumet County, Wisconsin". United States Census Bureau. May 2023. Retrieved November 5, 2024.</ref> == Sanannun Mutane == Herman Hedrich (dan siyasa) Gervase Hephner (dan siyasa) Carl Hillmann (dan siyasa) Henry Kleist (dan siyasa) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Birane]] 9l9xasof8ccoxa8o8f019hgqkiejy2k 0 90480 975001 566062 2026-11-01T19:57:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chimaobi Ebisike''' ɗan siyasan [[Najeriya]] ne, kuma ɗan majalisar wakilai ta tarayya mai wakiltar mazaɓar Aba North/Aba ta Kudu a [[Abiya|jihar Abia]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ibe |first=Sam Obinna |date=2022-10-24 |title=I'm in politics to alleviate my constituents' suffering – Abia Reps member |url=https://www.blueprint.ng/im-in-politics-to-alleviate-my-constituents-suffering-abia-reps-member/ |access-date=2023-05-01 |website=Blueprint Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Emeruwa |first=Chijindu |date=2021-03-31 |title=Abia re-run: PDP's Chimaobi Ebisike receives Certificate of Return |url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/03/31/abia-re-run-pdps-chimaobi-ebisike-receives-certificate-of-return/ |access-date=2023-05-01 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> == Aikin siyasa == Ebisike ya kasance kwamishinan ayyuka na musamman a gwamnatin Gwamna [[Okezie Ikpeazu]] na jihar Abia daga shekarun 2019 zuwa 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-east/358044-abia-gov-inaugurates-23-commissioners.html?tztc=1 |access-date=2023-05-01 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}</ref> Ya tsaya takarar ne a mazaɓar tarayya ta Aba North/Aba ta kudu a kan tikitin jam'iyyar [[Peoples Democratic Party|People's Democratic Party]], PDP bayan rasuwar Ossy Prestige ɗan majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazaɓar a shekarar 2021. Ebisike ya samu kuri’u 10,322 inda ya doke ‘yan takarar APC, Mascot Uzor Kalu wanda ya samu 3,674 da [[All Progressives Grand Alliance]], APGA, Akaraka Destiny Nwagwu wanda ya samu kuri’u 1,554. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ogbolu |first=George Oshogwe |date=2021-03-28 |title=Aba Bye-Election: PDP Defeats Orji Uzor Kalu's Brother |url=https://www.naijanews.com/2021/03/28/aba-bye-election-pdp-defeats-orji-uzor-kalus-brother/ |access-date=2023-05-01 |website=Naija News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ebisike ya tsaya takarar tikitin komawa majalisar wakilai ta 10 a zaɓen da aka yi ranar 25 ga watan Fabrairun 2023 a jam’iyyar PDP amma ya sha kaye. Ɗan takarar jam’iyyar Labour Party, LP Emeka Nnamani ya samu kuri’u 35,502 <ref>{{Cite web |last=gloriaabiakam |date=2023-03-23 |title=2023 Elections: Labour Party Wave hits Abia, as Party takes Political Structure from PDP in the State |url=https://fmic.gov.ng/2023-elections-labour-party-wave-hits-abia-as-party-takes-political-structure-from-pdp-in-the-state/ |access-date=2023-05-01 |website=Federal Ministry of Information and Culture |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428082952/https://fmic.gov.ng/2023-elections-labour-party-wave-hits-abia-as-party-takes-political-structure-from-pdp-in-the-state/ |archive-date=2023-04-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref> yayin da Ebisike mai ci ya samu kuri’u 13,388 inda ya samu matsayi na uku a bayan ɗan takarar All Progressives Grand Alliance, APGA Alex Ikwecheghi wanda ya samu kuri’u 22,465 ya zo na biyu a zaɓen. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Umuahia |first=Linus Effiong |date=2021-03-28 |title=REPORTER'S DIARY: INEC Officials Sleeping On Duty, Over 480,000 Missing Voters and other tales from Aba |url=https://dailytrust.com/reporters-diary-inec-officials-sleeping-on-duty-over-480000-missing-voters-and-other-tales-from-aba/ |access-date=2023-05-01 |website=Daily Trust |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] boqry01hl4hbdgaub2avj719iupx9p9 0 91158 975138 596902 2026-11-02T08:07:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975138 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  Baƙi zuwa '''[[Burundi]]''' na iya karbar viza a lokacin isar su ko Visa ta yanar gizo sai dai idan sun kasance 'yan ƙasa daga cikin ƙasashe da aka haramtawa visa. == Taswirar manufofin Visa == [[Fayil:Visa_entry_requirements_for_Burundi.png|center|thumb|800x800px|Manufar Visa ta Burundi    ]] == Rashin izinin visa == === Fasfo na yau da kullun === Masu riƙe da fasfo na yau da kullun na ƙasashe masu zuwa na iya shiga Burundi ba tare da biza ba na tsawon watanni 3: {| style=" border-radius:1em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75); background-color: white; border: 1px solid white; padding: 5px;" | * {{Flag|Democratic Republic of Congo}}¹ * {{Flag|Kenya}} * {{Flag|Rwanda}}¹ * {{Flag|South Sudan}} * {{Flag|Tanzania}} * {{Flag|Uganda}} | |} _{1 - Har ma da, 'yan Kungiyar Tattalin Arziki na Manyan Ruwaye masu rike da laissez-passer.} === Fasfo na musamman === Masu riƙe da fasfo na diflomasiyya na [[Turkiyya]] da fasfo na diflomasiyyar ko na aiki na [[Brazil]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Concórdia |url=https://concordia.itamaraty.gov.br/detalhamento/7441 |access-date=2019-09-05 |publisher=Concordia.itamaraty.gov.br |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521183929/https://concordia.itamaraty.gov.br/detalhamento/7441 |archive-date=2019-05-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Sin|China]] <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=AMBASSADE DU BURUNDI - Visa entre la Chine et le Burundi |url=http://www.ambassade-du-burundi.fr/visa/visa-entre-la-chine-et-le-burundi/ |website=www.ambassade-du-burundi.fr |access-date=2025-01-12 |archive-date=2021-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119154015/https://www.ambassade-du-burundi.fr/visa/visa-entre-la-chine-et-le-burundi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> da [[Rasha]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Соглашение между Правительством Российской Федерации и Правительством Республики Бурунди о взаимном отказе от визовых формальностей для владельцев дипломатических и служебных паспортов |url=http://www.mid.ru/ru/foreign_policy/international_contracts/2_contract/-/storage-viewer/bilateral/page-1/52917 |access-date=6 February 2018 |website=mid.ru |language=ru}}</ref> ba sa buƙatar biza. Masu riƙe da fasfo don harkokin jama'a na kasar Sin ba sa buƙatar biza.<ref name="auto" /> === Canje-canje na gaba === An sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar cire dokar biza ga kasar Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa (UAE) a cikin watan Janairun 2019, amma har yanzu dokar ba ta fara aiki ba. Kasar Burundi ta sanya hannu akan yarjejeniyar cire biza ga masu rike da fasfo na diflomasiyya, aiki da kuma fasfo na yau da kullun ga asar [[Cadi|Chadi]] a ranar 19 ga Yulin 2024, kuma har yanzu dokar ba ta fara aiki ba. == Biza lokacin da ya isa == 'Yan ƙasa na wasu ƙasashe da yankuna na iya samun biza a lokacin da suka isa ko dai a Filin jirgin sama na Bujumbura (Melchior Ndadaye) ko kuma a sauran iyakokin ƙasar don zama na wucin gadi na tsawon wata 1.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Imgur |title=imgur.com |url=https://imgur.com/a/yXIJnMV |access-date=2022-04-16 |website=Imgur |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|last=Nibasumba|user=chrisnibas|title=Citizens of all countries requiring visa for #Burundi 🇧🇮, can now just request it on arrival at Bujumbura International Airport (Melchior Ndadaye) and all land borders. Good news indeed for Trade, Business & Tourism. 👏👏 @MininterInfosBi @cfcibburundi https://t.co/HSUY24DiWR|access-date=2022-12-05}}</ref> == Biza ta yanar gizo == 'Yan wasu ƙasashe da yankuna na iya samun Bizar Yanar Gizo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Burundi Online Visa |url=https://migration.gov.bi/}}</ref> == Sufuri == Fasinjoji da ke dauke da tikitin cigaba wanda aka tantance don tafiyar jirgi zuwa ƙasar talakawa. Dole ne su tsaya a yankin sufuri na kasa da kasa na filin jirgin sama kuma ya zamana suna da takardun da ake buƙata ta kasar da zasu sauka. == Dubi kuma == * Bukatar biza ga 'yan ƙasar Burundi == Manazarta == <references /> {{Visa policy by country}}{{Visa Requirements}}  [[Rukuni:Dokar Biza dangane da kasashe]] bc1tzsrjr22d7or91yjzfbprt9z796d 0 93737 974811 589685 2026-11-01T15:40:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Callie Rennison''' ƙwararriyar masaniyar laifuka ce Ba'amurke wacce take sha'awar bincike ɓangaren masu cin zarafi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-08 |title=Rennison, Callie |url=https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/asi/author/callie-marie-rennison |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=SAGE Publications Ltd |language=en}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ita farfesa ce kuma tsohuwar mataimakiyar shugaban kula da harkokin koyarwa a Makarantar Harkokin Jama'a ta Jami'ar Colorado Denver . <ref> name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Callie Rennison |url=https://publicaffairs.ucdenver.edu/people/faculty/callie-rennison |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=publicaffairs.ucdenver.edu |language=en}}</ref> == Ilimi == Rennison ta sami digiri na uku a cikin shekara ta 1997 a Kimiyyar Siyasa daga Jami'ar Houston, Park University. Ta kuma yi BS a [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|fannin ilimin halin dan Adam]], MA a fannin [[Kimiyar al'umma|zamantakewa]], da MA a [[Kimiyyar siyasa|fannin kimiyyar siyasa]] daga Jami'ar Houston. <ref> name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Callie Rennison |url=https://publicaffairs.ucdenver.edu/people/faculty/callie-rennison |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=publicaffairs.ucdenver.edu |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://publicaffairs.ucdenver.edu/people/faculty/callie-rennison "Callie Rennison"]. ''publicaffairs.ucdenver.edu''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-08</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Sana'a == Callie Rennison ita ce Darakta na Daidaituwa, kuma Mai Gudanarwa na IX a Jami'ar Colorado Denver | Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Anschutz. Bugu da kari, ita cikakkiyar farfesa ce, kuma tsohon Mataimakin Dean na Faculty Affairs a Makarantar Harkokin Jama'a, Jami'ar Colorado Denver. A baya ta kasance Mataimakiyar Farfesa, Sashen Nazarin Laifuka da Shari'a na Laifuka, Jami'ar Missouri - Saint Louis (UMSL). <ref> name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Callie Rennison |url=https://publicaffairs.ucdenver.edu/people/faculty/callie-rennison |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=publicaffairs.ucdenver.edu |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://publicaffairs.ucdenver.edu/people/faculty/callie-rennison "Callie Rennison"]. ''publicaffairs.ucdenver.edu''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-08</span></span>.</cite></ref> Tana karatun cin zarafin mata. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Raphael |first=Jody |last2=Rennison |first2=Callie Marie |last3=Jones |first3=Nikki |date=December 2019 |title=Twenty-Five Years of Research and Advocacy on Violence Against Women: What Have We Accomplished, and Where Do We Go From Here? A Conversation |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1077801219875822 |journal=Violence Against Women |language=en |volume=25 |issue=16 |pages=2024–2046 |doi=10.1177/1077801219875822 |issn=1077-8012}}</ref> == Regent na Jami'ar Colorado == A cikin babban zaɓe na 2020, an zaɓi Rennison don wakiltar gundumar 2nd na Jami'ar Colorado Board of Regents . 'Yar Democrat, Rennison ta doke abokan hamayyarta na Republican da Libertarian, ta lashe kashi 60% na kuri'un. Wa'adinta na shekaru shida zai kare a shekarar 2027. == Zaɓi wallafe-wallafe == * Rennison, Callie Marie; Hart, Thomas C. (2022) – Littafi ne mai suna Research Methods in Criminal Justice (Bugu na 2), wanda ke bayani kan hanyoyin bincike a fannin shari’a. An wallafa shi a Thousand Oaks, CA, ta SAGE Publications. ISBN: 9781071815359. * Rennison, Callie Marie; Dodge, Mary (2021) – Littafin Introduction to Criminal Justice: Systems, Diversity, and Change (Bugu na 4) yana gabatar da shari'a da tsarin ta, bambance-bambance, da sauye-sauye da suka shafi fannin. An wallafa shi a Thousand Oaks, CA, ta SAGE Publications. ISBN: 9781544398730. * Rennison, Callie; Bonomi, Amy (editoci) (2019) – Littafin Women Leading Change in Academia: Breaking the Glass Ceiling, Cliff, and Slipper yana bayani kan mata da rawar da suke takawa wajen sauya al’amura a makarantu, tare da kalubalen da suke fuskanta. An wallafa shi a Solana Beach, CA, ta Cognella. ISBN: 9781516548255. * DeKeseredy, Walter S.; Rennison, Callie Marie; Hall-Sanchez, Amanda K. (2019) – Littafin The Routledge International Handbook of Violence Studies yana nazari kan nau’o’in tashin hankali a duniya. An wallafa shi ta Routledge. ISBN: 9780367580445. * Cuevas, Carlos A.; Rennison, Callie Marie (2016) – Littafin The Wiley Handbook on the Psychology of Violence yana duba dangantakar halayyar dan Adam da tashin hankali daga mahangar ilimin halayyar mutum (psychology). An wallafa shi ta Wiley. ISBN: 9781118303153. * * <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vick |frst=Allison |date=2021-01-02 |title=Women leading change in academia: Breaking the glass ceiling, cliff, and slipper: by Callie Rennison & Amy Bonomi, San Diego, CA, Cognella, 2020, 380 pp., $44.95 (paperback), {{text|ISBN:}} 9781516548255 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15236803.2020.1798725 |journal=Journal of Public Affairs Education |language=en |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=114–116 |doi=10.1080/15236803.2020.1798725 |issn=1523-6803}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Awosogba |first=Olufunke |last2=Howe-Martin |first2=Laura |date=March 2022 |title=Book Review: Women Leading Change in Academia: Breaking the Glass Ceiling, Cliff, and Slipper |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/03616843211036457 |journal=Psychology of Women Quarterly |language=en |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=118–118 |doi=10.1177/03616843211036457 |issn=0361-6843}}</ref> *   *   == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 8et3tpprb9njqt9am5p79jk6ht9fvi2 0 98433 975110 719275 2026-11-02T04:38:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975110 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Dokta '''Daniel Hugo''' (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1955 a Stellenbosch, Afirka ta Kudu) mawaƙi ne, mai fassara, mai tarawa da kuma edita. Ya yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararren mai ba da labari / furodusa ga Radiosondergrense, sabis na rediyo na [[Afrikaans]] na ƙasa, kuma yana da alhakin shirye-shiryen wallafe-wallafen "Leeskring" da "Vers en Klank". Shi edita ne a gidan wallafe-wallafen Protea Boekhuis . Daniel Hugo yana da digiri na BA (Afrikaans da Dutch) daga [[Jami'ar Stellenbosch]] kuma daga baya ya yi digiri na biyu a [[Jami'ar Pretoria]] . Tsakanin 1980 da 1988 ya yi aiki a matsayin malami na Afrikaans da Dutch a [[Jami'ar Free State]] . A cikin 1983 ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Katolika ta Leuven a Belgium . An ba shi digirin digirinsa a shekarar 1989 don rubutunsa "Afrikaans poetry of wit". Daniel Hugo ya rubuta kundin shayari 14, sabon "Hanekraai" a cikin 2012, kuma ya tattara tarin shayari da gajerun labaru da yawa. Ya fassara littattafai da yawa daga marubutan da suka biyo baya daga Yaren mutanen Holland zuwa Afrikaans ciki har da Tom Lanoye, Herman de Coninck, Harry Mulisch, Herman van Veen, Karel Glastra van Loon da David van Reybrouck . Ya auri 'yar jarida Marlene Malan kuma yana zaune a [[:af:Prins Albert|Yarima Albert]], Afirka ta Kudu. == Tarin da aka tattara == * 2004 - Land van sonlig a van sterre - gedigte oor Namibië . Protea Boekhuis (Pretoria). * 2004 - Liefde, Lord - Liedesverhale (saam ya sadu da [[:af:Carina Diedericks-Hugo|Carina Diedericks-Hugo]]). LAPA Uitgewers (Pretoria) * 2003 - Ina Rousseau: Die stil middelpunt . Human & Rousseau (Kaapstad). * 2002 - Tydskrif II. 'n Herontmoeting ya hadu da Afrikaanse kortverhaalskrywers. LAPA Uitgewers (Pretoria). * 2001 - Tydskrif. 'n Herontmoeting ya hadu da Afrikaanse kortverhaalskrywers. LAPA Uitgewers (Pretoria). * 2000 - Nuwe Verset (saam ya sanya Phil du Plessis & Leon Rousseau). Protea Boekhuis (Pretoria). * 1999 - An yi amfani da shi. 'n Keur uit die liedtekste van Hennie Aucamp . Tafelberg Uitgewers (Kaapstad). * 1996 - P.J. Philander: 'n caƙir uit sy gedigte. Tafelberg Uitgewers (Kaapstad). * 1994 - Olga Kirsch: Noutré ek weer bekendes aan. 'n Keur 1944-1983. Mutum a cikin Rousseau (Kaapstad). * 1993 - Labari-konsertina, humorverhale van A.A.J. van Niekerk. Tafelberg Uitgewers (Kaapstad). * 1989 - A cikin shekara ta 1989 - Aikin ya mutu a cikin shekara ta 2008 - A cikin wani abu da ya mutu a lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin shekara. * 1988 - Magana ta magana. Tafelberg Uitgewers (Kaapstad). == Fassara daga Yaren mutanen Holland == * 2015 - Leonard Nolens: 'n Digter a Antwerpen. Protea Boekehuis (Pretoria) * 2008 - Tom Lanoye: 'n Slagterseun ya sadu da 'n brilletjie. Protea Boekhuis (Pretoria). * 2005 - Gerrit Komrij: Die electrries gelaaide hannu. Protea Boekhuis (Pretoria). * 2003 - David van Reybrouck: Ya mutu. Protea Boekhuis (Pretoria). * 2002 - Karel Glastra van Loon: Passievrug. Gidan cin abinci (Kaapstad) * 2000 - Herman van Veen: Verhale. Gidan cin abinci (Kaapstad) * 1999 - Harry Mulisch: Die aanslag. Gidan cin abinci (Kaapstad) * 1997 - Herman van Veen: 'n Teer Lamb (op CD) (liedtekste) * 1997 - Vandeputte, O. Nederlands. Taal van twintig Netherlanders a Vlaminge. Stichting Ons Erfdeel, Rekkem. * 1996 - Tom Lanoye: Kartondose. Gidan cin abinci (Kaapstad) * 1996 - Herman de Coninck: Liefde, ƙishirwa. Gidan cin abinci (Kaapstad) * 1996 - Herman van Veen: Op pad huis toe. Harlekijn Holland (Leersum) == Fassara daga Turanci == * 2005 - Cicely Mary Barker: Die blommefeetjies . Mutum & Rousseau (Kaapstad) == Kyaututtuka == * 2008 - ATKV-radioprys vir onderhoud op die shirin Leeskring (RSG). * 2004 - Ta hanyar Afrika Book Journalist of the Year . * 2003 - ATKV-radioprys vir beste onderhoud. * 2002 - ATKV-radioprys vir beste onderhoud. * 2001 - ATKV-radioprys ya zama omroeper. * 2001 - ATKV-radioprys vir 'n hoorbeeld ya mutu mutu, Jan Rabie. * 1999 - ATKV-radioprys vir Die Verste Reis, 'n hoorbeeld Or ya mutu Elsa Joubert. * 1998 - Akademieprys vir hoorbeelde vir die documentêre shirin ya mutu digter Uys Krige. * 1996 - ATKV-radioprys vir 'n shirin da ya mutu P.J. Philander. * 1995 - Rediyon Artes-toekenning ya mutu poësieprogram Versalbum: ya mutu da aka yi wa Afrikaans. * 1995 - ATKV-radioprys vir die poësieprogram Versalbum: die Spidenheid van Afrikaans. * 1993 - ATKV-radioprys vir So is die lewe vir een pond sewe - 'n hoorbeeld oor R.K. Belcher. * 1993 - Rediyo Artes-toekenning vir So is die lewe vir een pond sewe - 'n hoorbeeld oor R.K. Belcher. * 1992 - ATKV-radioprys vir die dokumentêre shirin Audrey Blignault a Sestig is Dertig . == Manazarta == * "Translation-Transnation" 1994–2004, 10 years of literary exchange South Africa - France - Netherlands. Monday 29 March - Tuesday 30 March 2004. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120206033018/http://wiserweb.wits.ac.za/PDF%20Files/adhoc.Translation.pdf PDF on Translations] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1955]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8e705g0q1l7qiz33vpxl72mgc109zjh 0 99830 975059 615791 2026-11-01T23:06:27Z Salma Raddah 45959 975059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jacob Kuhangua''' (1933–?) ɗan ƙasar Namibiya ne kuma mai adawa da mulkin mallaka wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a yunkurin samun yancin kai. Ya kasance memba wanda ya kafa kungiyar mutanen Kudu maso yammacin Afirka (SWAPO) a shekarar 1960 kuma ya zama babban sakatare na farko. Ya kasance makusanci na Sam Nujoma kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fara yunkurin kishin ƙasa kasa a faɗin Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma. Kuhangua ya taimaka wajen tsara tushen akida da kungiyanci na gwagwarmayar ‘yantar da ƙasar, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mutanen Namibiya na farko da suka kai ƙara a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] kan ‘yancin ƙasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fourth Committee Continues Hearing of Petitioners on South West Africa |url=https://www.unmultimedia.org/photo/detail.jsp?id=226/226546&key=8315&query=*&so=0&sf=date}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kuhangua |first=Jacob |year=1960 |title=Statement by Mr. Jacob Kuhangua before the Fourth Committee of the Fifteenth General Assembly |url=https://www.aluka.org/stable/10.5555/al.sff.document.low30_266_05 |journal=United Nations General Assembly}}</ref> Daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'in gudanarwa a Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma kafin Namibiya ta samu 'yancin kai. == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Rayuwar farko === An haifi Yakubu Kuhangua a cikin shekarar 1933 a Ovamboland kuma Ofishin Jakadancin Anglican Saint Mary ya karantar da shi. Ya fara aikinsa a matsayin malamin makaranta sannan ya yi aiki a matsayin magatakardar mulkin mallaka. A tsakiyar 1950s, ya shiga Underground ''Mandume Movement'' tare da abokai na gaba kamar Sam Nujoma, Louis Nelengani, da Lucas Nepela, suna inganta juriya da farko ga mulkin mallaka na Afirka ta Kudu. === Aikin siyasa === Aikin siyasa Kuhangua ya fara ne a tsakiyar shekarun 1950 a [[Cape Town]], [[Afirka ta Kudu]], inda yake aiki a ƙarƙashin tsarin kwangila. A cikin shekarar 1957, yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Ovamboland People's Congress (OPC), tare da Andimba Toivo ya Toivo, Jariretundu Kozonguizi, Emil Appolus, Andreas Shipanga, da sauransu. A shekara mai zuwa, Ya Toivo ya aike da koke ga [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] don nuna adawa da take hakkin ɗan Adam a tsarin aikin kwangila da kuma mamayar da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta Afirka ta Kudu ta yi wa Afirka ta Kudu ba bisa ka'ida ba. Waɗannan al'amura sun kai ga korar ma'aikatan kwantiragin Namibiya da yawa daga Cape Town. An mayar da Kuhangua zuwa Afirka ta Kudu maso yammacin Afirka kuma an ajiye shi a [[Windhoek]], inda nan da nan ya shiga harkokin siyasa. A matsayinsa na wanda ya kafa OPC, Kuhangua ya taka rawa wajen rikiɗewa zuwa kungiyar jama'ar Ovamboland (OPO) a watan Afrilun 1959. An zaɓe shi a matsayin Sakatare-Janar na OPO kuma ya jagoranci reshen [[Windhoek]] na OPO na farko a Old Location tare da Sam Nujoma. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Klaus Dierks Chronology |url=https://www.klausdierks.com/FrontpageMain.html |access-date=13 April 2025 |website=klausdierks.com |quote=With Jacob Kuhangua he leads the first Windhoek branch of OPO in the "Old Location".}}</ref> A cikin watan Satumba na shekarar 1959, an kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Afirka ta Kudu (SWANU) a matsayin laima ga ƙungiyoyi masu adawa da mulkin mallaka ciki har da OPO. Sakamakon haka, Kuhangua ya zama memba na kwamitin zartarwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Klaus Dierks Chronology |url=https://www.klausdierks.com/FrontpageMain.html |access-date=13 April 2025 |website=klausdierks.com |quote=The formation of the South West African National Union (SWANU) is envisaged: Herero Chiefs' Council, SWAPA and the SWASB, as well as Sam Nujoma and Jacob Kuhangua, are instrumental in its formation.}}</ref> Kuhangua, tare da shugabannin OPO da SWANU, sun shirya kauracewa ƙaramar hukuma wanda ya kai ga Tsohuwar Location a ranar 10 ga watan Disamba 1959. Bayan boren, OPO ya fuskanci matsin lamba daga hukumomin ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu, waɗanda suka sanya ido sosai kan harkokin siyasarta. Daga baya an kama Kuhangua kuma aka tura shi Ovamboland. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Klaus Dierks Chronology |url=https://www.klausdierks.com/FrontpageMain.html |access-date=13 April 2025 |website=klausdierks.com |quote=Jacob Kuhangua, who was deported to the north after the Windhoek Uprising, goes into exile via Angola, Zambia, Tanzania and Ethiopia. He reaches New York and joins Nujoma, Kozonguizi, Kerina and Scott.}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa a cikin watan Fabrairu, shugaban OPO Sam Nujoma da mataimakin shugaban ƙasa Louis Nelengani sun yi gudun hijira ta [[Botswana]] zuwa [[Tanzaniya]]. Kuhangua ya kasance mai fafutuka a siyasance a Ovamboland, yana taka rawa wajen sauya shekar OPO zuwa kungiyar Jama'ar Afirka ta Kudu (SWAPO) a watan Afrilun 1960. An sake zaɓen shi a matsayin Sakatare-Janar ba ya nan kuma ya ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gudanarwa da diflomasiyya a SWAPO a farkon shekarun tafiyar. A watan Agusta 1960, ya tsere ya tafi gudun hijira a [[Angola]], [[Zambiya|Zambia]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], da [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. Ya isa [[New York (birni)|New York]] kuma ya shiga Sam Nujoma, Jariretundu Kozonguizi, Mburumba Kerina, da Rev. Michael Scott a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]]. Ya kasance a New York yana aiki a matsayin mai shigar da ƙara na SWAPO ga Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. A wannan lokacin, ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Lincoln da ke Amurka. A ranar 23 ga watan Nuwamba, 1962, [[Tarayyar Amurka|ƙasar Amirka]] ta gudanar da taron tattaunawa game da manufofinsu kan Afrika ta Kudu ta Yamma. Taron ya shafi Kuhangu da Nujoma. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 23, 1962 |title=Memorandum of Conversation – United States Policy on South-West Africa |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1961-63v21/d398 |access-date=13 April 2025 |website=Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 1965, ya wakilci SWAPO a matsayin mai sa ido a Kotun Duniya ta [[Hague]], tare da Nujoma da Emil Appolus. Ya ci gaba da zama a birnin New York a matsayin mai shigar da ƙara na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na SWAPO har sai da ya koma [[Tanzaniya]] a shekarar 1966, bayan da kungiyar haɗin kan Afrika ta amince da SWAPO a matsayin halaltacciyar wakiliyar al'ummar Namibiya. === Shekaru a Tanzaniya, SWAPO "zamanin rikici" === Bayan kafuwarta na yau da kullun, SWAPO ta sami ci gaba cikin sauri, wanda tallafin ƙasa da ƙasa ke jagoranta tsakanin shekarun 1960 zuwa 1965. Wannan faɗaɗa ba zato ba tsammani ya haifar da abin da wasu suka bayyana a matsayin "lokacin rikici" a cikin jam'iyyar. Gwagwarmayar cikin gida ta samo asali kan jagoranci, alkibla, da akida, wanda siyasar geopolitics [[Cold War|ta yakin cacar baka]] ta yi tasiri. A cikin shekarar 1966, Jacob Kuhangua ya ziyarci sansanin horar da sojoji na Kongwa na SWAPO don magance masu ɗaukar shirin PLAN. A cikin jawabin da ya yi mai cike da cece-kuce, ya nuna shakku kan jajircewar shugabancin SWAPO na fafutukar neman yancin kai, yana mai cewa dabara ce kawai ta samun goyon bayan ƙasashen duniya. Kuhangua ya jaddada cewa makomar Namibiya ta dogara ne kan masu ilimi da ƙwararrun mutane, kuma ya ƙarfafa masu horarwa da su fifita karatu fiye da horar da sojoji. Wannan ya haifar da martani daga kwamandojin PLAN, waɗanda suka zargi Kuhangua da sauran su da yin zagon ƙasa ga yunkurin ‘yantar da su. Rikici tsakanin SWAPO ya ƙaru saboda rarrabuwar kawuna a yakin cacar baka. Kuhangua, wanda ya yi karatu a Amurka, ya kasance mai sukar [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] da gurguzu, yayin da mataimakin shugaban SWAPO [[Louis Nelengani]], wanda aka horar da shi a cikin [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|USSR]], yana da ra'ayi na gaba da Yammacin Turai. Wannan ɓaraka ta akida ta haifar da rarrabuwar kawuna a tsakanin 'yan ƙasar Namibiya da ke gudun hijira, inda ya raba su zuwa gamayyar kungiyoyin da ke da alaƙa da akidu masu goyon bayan ƙasashen yammaci ko kuma na Tarayyar Soviet. A cikin shekarar 1968, waɗannan tashe-tashen hankula sun ƙare a cikin wani tashin hankali lokacin da Nelengani ya daba wa Kuhangua wuƙa a baya da wuƙar dafa abinci a [[Dar es Salaam]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronology of Namibian History – Klaus Dierks |url=https://www.klausdierks.com/FrontpageMain.html |access-date=13 April 2025 |quote=Louis Nelengani, former Vice-President, is expelled from SWAPO (because he had a fight with the former Administrative Secretary Jacob Kuhangua in Dar-Es-Salaam 1968 which left Kuhangua paralysed)}}</ref> Harin ya bar Kuhangua wani ɓangare ya gurgunce saboda lalacewar jijiya. Abokansa da ke Amurka sun shirya masa jinya a ƙasashen waje, amma raunin da ya samu ya sa shi kan keken guragu, wanda hakan ya kawo ƙarshen rayuwarsa ta siyasa. A shekarun 1969-70 SWAPO Consultative Congress a Tanga, Moses ǁGaroëb ya maye gurbin Kuhangua a matsayin Sakatare-Janar na SWAPO saboda yanayin lafiyarsa. Daga baya Kuhangua ya koma ƙasar Namibiya, inda ya kwashe shekarunsa na ƙarshe a asibitin jihar Oshakati da kuma cibiyar gyara ELCIN kafin rasuwarsa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1933]] 1ezorgj23zc63cbisfkxioljmvk61fg 975060 975059 2026-11-01T23:07:12Z Salma Raddah 45959 975060 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jacob Kuhangua''' (1933–?) ɗan ƙasar Namibiya ne kuma mai adawa da mulkin mallaka wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a yunkurin samun yancin kai. Ya kasance memba wanda ya kafa kungiyar mutanen Kudu maso yammacin Afirka (SWAPO) a shekarar 1960 kuma ya zama babban sakatare na farko. Ya kasance makusanci na Sam Nujoma kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fara yunkurin kishin ƙasa kasa a faɗin Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma. Kuhangua ya taimaka wajen tsara tushen akida da kungiyanci na gwagwarmayar ‘yantar da ƙasar, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mutanen Namibiya na farko da suka kai ƙara a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] kan ‘yancin ƙasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fourth Committee Continues Hearing of Petitioners on South West Africa |url=https://www.unmultimedia.org/photo/detail.jsp?id=226/226546&key=8315&query=*&so=0&sf=date}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kuhangua |first=Jacob |year=1960 |title=Statement by Mr. Jacob Kuhangua before the Fourth Committee of the Fifteenth General Assembly |url=https://www.aluka.org/stable/10.5555/al.sff.document.low30_266_05 |journal=United Nations General Assembly}}</ref> Daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'in gudanarwa a Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma kafin Namibiya ta samu 'yancin kai. == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Rayuwar farko === An haifi Yakubu Kuhangua a cikin shekarar 1933 a Ovamboland kuma Ofishin Jakadancin Anglican Saint Mary ya karantar da shi. Ya fara aikinsa a matsayin malamin makaranta sannan ya yi aiki a matsayin magatakardar mulkin mallaka. A tsakiyar 1950s, ya shiga Underground ''Mandume Movement'' tare da abokai na gaba kamar Sam Nujoma, Louis Nelengani, da Lucas Nepela, suna inganta juriya da farko ga mulkin mallaka na Afirka ta Kudu. === Aikin siyasa === Aikin siyasa Kuhangua ya fara ne a tsakiyar shekarun 1950 a [[Cape Town]], [[Afirka ta Kudu]], inda yake aiki a ƙarƙashin tsarin kwangila. A cikin shekarar 1957, yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Ovamboland People's Congress (OPC), tare da Andimba Toivo ya Toivo, Jariretundu Kozonguizi, Emil Appolus, Andreas Shipanga, da sauransu. A shekara mai zuwa, Ya Toivo ya aike da koke ga [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] don nuna adawa da take hakkin ɗan Adam a tsarin aikin kwangila da kuma mamayar da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta Afirka ta Kudu ta yi wa Afirka ta Kudu ba bisa ka'ida ba. Waɗannan al'amura sun kai ga korar ma'aikatan kwantiragin Namibiya da yawa daga Cape Town. An mayar da Kuhangua zuwa Afirka ta Kudu maso yammacin Afirka kuma an ajiye shi a [[Windhoek]], inda nan da nan ya shiga harkokin siyasa. A matsayinsa na wanda ya kafa OPC, Kuhangua ya taka rawa wajen rikiɗewa zuwa kungiyar jama'ar Ovamboland (OPO) a watan Afrilun 1959. An zaɓe shi a matsayin Sakatare-Janar na OPO kuma ya jagoranci reshen [[Windhoek]] na OPO na farko a Old Location tare da Sam Nujoma. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Klaus Dierks Chronology |url=https://www.klausdierks.com/FrontpageMain.html |access-date=13 April 2025 |website=klausdierks.com |quote=With Jacob Kuhangua he leads the first Windhoek branch of OPO in the "Old Location".}}</ref> A cikin watan Satumba na shekarar 1959, an kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Afirka ta Kudu (SWANU) a matsayin laima ga ƙungiyoyi masu adawa da mulkin mallaka ciki har da OPO. Sakamakon haka, Kuhangua ya zama memba na kwamitin zartarwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Klaus Dierks Chronology |url=https://www.klausdierks.com/FrontpageMain.html |access-date=13 April 2025 |website=klausdierks.com |quote=The formation of the South West African National Union (SWANU) is envisaged: Herero Chiefs' Council, SWAPA and the SWASB, as well as Sam Nujoma and Jacob Kuhangua, are instrumental in its formation.}}</ref> Kuhangua, tare da shugabannin OPO da SWANU, sun shirya kauracewa ƙaramar hukuma wanda ya kai ga Tsohuwar Location a ranar 10 ga watan Disamba 1959. Bayan boren, OPO ya fuskanci matsin lamba daga hukumomin ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu, waɗanda suka sanya ido sosai kan harkokin siyasarta. Daga baya an kama Kuhangua kuma aka tura shi Ovamboland. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Klaus Dierks Chronology |url=https://www.klausdierks.com/FrontpageMain.html |access-date=13 April 2025 |website=klausdierks.com |quote=Jacob Kuhangua, who was deported to the north after the Windhoek Uprising, goes into exile via Angola, Zambia, Tanzania and Ethiopia. He reaches New York and joins Nujoma, Kozonguizi, Kerina and Scott.}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa a cikin watan Fabrairu, shugaban OPO Sam Nujoma da mataimakin shugaban ƙasa Louis Nelengani sun yi gudun hijira ta [[Botswana]] zuwa [[Tanzaniya]]. Kuhangua ya kasance mai fafutuka a siyasance a Ovamboland, yana taka rawa wajen sauya shekar OPO zuwa kungiyar Jama'ar Afirka ta Kudu (SWAPO) a watan Afrilun 1960. An sake zaɓen shi a matsayin Sakatare-Janar ba ya nan kuma ya ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gudanarwa da diflomasiyya a SWAPO a farkon shekarun tafiyar. A watan Agusta 1960, ya tsere ya tafi gudun hijira a [[Angola]], [[Zambiya|Zambia]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], da [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. Ya isa [[New York (birni)|New York]] kuma ya shiga Sam Nujoma, Jariretundu Kozonguizi, Mburumba Kerina, da Rev. Michael Scott a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]]. Ya kasance a New York yana aiki a matsayin mai shigar da ƙara na SWAPO ga Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. A wannan lokacin, ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Lincoln da ke Amurka. A ranar 23 ga watan Nuwamba, 1962, [[Tarayyar Amurka|ƙasar Amirka]] ta gudanar da taron tattaunawa game da manufofinsu kan Afrika ta Kudu ta Yamma. Taron ya shafi Kuhangu da Nujoma. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 23, 1962 |title=Memorandum of Conversation – United States Policy on South-West Africa |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1961-63v21/d398 |access-date=13 April 2025 |website=Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 1965, ya wakilci SWAPO a matsayin mai sa ido a Kotun Duniya ta [[Hague]], tare da Nujoma da Emil Appolus. Ya ci gaba da zama a birnin New York a matsayin mai shigar da ƙara na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na SWAPO har sai da ya koma [[Tanzaniya]] a shekarar 1966, bayan da kungiyar haɗin kan Afrika ta amince da SWAPO a matsayin halaltacciyar wakiliyar al'ummar Namibiya. === Shekaru a Tanzaniya, SWAPO "zamanin rikici" === Bayan kafuwarta na yau da kullun, SWAPO ta sami ci gaba cikin sauri, wanda tallafin ƙasa da ƙasa ke jagoranta tsakanin shekarun 1960 zuwa 1965. Wannan faɗaɗa ba zato ba tsammani ya haifar da abin da wasu suka bayyana a matsayin "lokacin rikici" a cikin jam'iyyar. Gwagwarmayar cikin gida ta samo asali kan jagoranci, alkibla, da akida, wanda siyasar geopolitics [[Cold War|ta yakin cacar baka]] ta yi tasiri. A cikin shekarar 1966, Jacob Kuhangua ya ziyarci sansanin horar da sojoji na Kongwa na SWAPO don magance masu ɗaukar shirin PLAN. A cikin jawabin da ya yi mai cike da cece-kuce, ya nuna shakku kan jajircewar shugabancin SWAPO na fafutukar neman yancin kai, yana mai cewa dabara ce kawai ta samun goyon bayan ƙasashen duniya. Kuhangua ya jaddada cewa makomar Namibiya ta dogara ne kan masu ilimi da ƙwararrun mutane, kuma ya ƙarfafa masu horarwa da su fifita karatu fiye da horar da sojoji. Wannan ya haifar da martani daga kwamandojin PLAN, waɗanda suka zargi Kuhangua da sauran su da yin zagon ƙasa ga yunkurin ‘yantar da su. Rikici tsakanin SWAPO ya ƙaru saboda rarrabuwar kawuna a yakin cacar baka. Kuhangua, wanda ya yi karatu a Amurka, ya kasance mai sukar [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] da gurguzu, yayin da mataimakin shugaban SWAPO Louis Nelengani, wanda aka horar da shi a cikin [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|USSR]], yana da ra'ayi na gaba da Yammacin Turai. Wannan ɓaraka ta akida ta haifar da rarrabuwar kawuna a tsakanin 'yan ƙasar Namibiya da ke gudun hijira, inda ya raba su zuwa gamayyar kungiyoyin da ke da alaƙa da akidu masu goyon bayan ƙasashen yammaci ko kuma na Tarayyar Soviet. A cikin shekarar 1968, waɗannan tashe-tashen hankula sun ƙare a cikin wani tashin hankali lokacin da Nelengani ya daba wa Kuhangua wuƙa a baya da wuƙar dafa abinci a [[Dar es Salaam]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronology of Namibian History – Klaus Dierks |url=https://www.klausdierks.com/FrontpageMain.html |access-date=13 April 2025 |quote=Louis Nelengani, former Vice-President, is expelled from SWAPO (because he had a fight with the former Administrative Secretary Jacob Kuhangua in Dar-Es-Salaam 1968 which left Kuhangua paralysed)}}</ref> Harin ya bar Kuhangua wani ɓangare ya gurgunce saboda lalacewar jijiya. Abokansa da ke Amurka sun shirya masa jinya a ƙasashen waje, amma raunin da ya samu ya sa shi kan keken guragu, wanda hakan ya kawo ƙarshen rayuwarsa ta siyasa. A shekarun 1969-70 SWAPO Consultative Congress a Tanga, Moses ǁGaroëb ya maye gurbin Kuhangua a matsayin Sakatare-Janar na SWAPO saboda yanayin lafiyarsa. Daga baya Kuhangua ya koma ƙasar Namibiya, inda ya kwashe shekarunsa na ƙarshe a asibitin jihar Oshakati da kuma cibiyar gyara ELCIN kafin rasuwarsa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1933]] qqa97dltvtpkitn3f3etqrxdymg1txi 975061 975060 2026-11-01T23:08:19Z Salma Raddah 45959 975061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jacob Kuhangua''' (1933–?) ɗan ƙasar Namibiya ne kuma mai adawa da mulkin mallaka wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a yunkurin samun yancin kai. Ya kasance memba wanda ya kafa kungiyar mutanen Kudu maso yammacin Afirka (SWAPO) a shekarar 1960 kuma ya zama babban sakatare na farko. Ya kasance makusanci na Sam Nujoma kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fara yunkurin kishin ƙasa kasa a faɗin Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma. Kuhangua ya taimaka wajen tsara tushen akida da kungiyanci na gwagwarmayar ‘yantar da ƙasar, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mutanen Namibiya na farko da suka kai ƙara a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] kan ‘yancin ƙasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fourth Committee Continues Hearing of Petitioners on South West Africa |url=https://www.unmultimedia.org/photo/detail.jsp?id=226/226546&key=8315&query=*&so=0&sf=date}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kuhangua |first=Jacob |year=1960 |title=Statement by Mr. Jacob Kuhangua before the Fourth Committee of the Fifteenth General Assembly |url=https://www.aluka.org/stable/10.5555/al.sff.document.low30_266_05 |journal=United Nations General Assembly}}</ref> Daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'in gudanarwa a Afirka ta Kudu maso Yamma kafin Namibiya ta samu 'yancin kai. == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Rayuwar farko === An haifi Yakubu Kuhangua a cikin shekarar 1933 a Ovamboland kuma Ofishin Jakadancin Anglican Saint Mary ya karantar da shi. Ya fara aikinsa a matsayin malamin makaranta sannan ya yi aiki a matsayin magatakardar mulkin mallaka. A tsakiyar 1950s, ya shiga Underground ''Mandume Movement'' tare da abokai na gaba kamar Sam Nujoma, Louis Nelengani, da Lucas Nepela, suna inganta juriya da farko ga mulkin mallaka na Afirka ta Kudu. === Aikin siyasa === Aikin siyasa Kuhangua ya fara ne a tsakiyar shekarun 1950 a [[Cape Town]], [[Afirka ta Kudu]], inda yake aiki a ƙarƙashin tsarin kwangila. A cikin shekarar 1957, yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Ovamboland People's Congress (OPC), tare da Andimba Toivo ya Toivo, Jariretundu Kozonguizi, Emil Appolus, Andreas Shipanga, da sauransu. A shekara mai zuwa, Ya Toivo ya aike da koke ga [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] don nuna adawa da take hakkin ɗan Adam a tsarin aikin kwangila da kuma mamayar da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta Afirka ta Kudu ta yi wa Afirka ta Kudu ba bisa ka'ida ba. Waɗannan al'amura sun kai ga korar ma'aikatan kwantiragin Namibiya da yawa daga Cape Town. An mayar da Kuhangua zuwa Afirka ta Kudu maso yammacin Afirka kuma an ajiye shi a [[Windhoek]], inda nan da nan ya shiga harkokin siyasa. A matsayinsa na wanda ya kafa OPC, Kuhangua ya taka rawa wajen rikiɗewa zuwa kungiyar jama'ar Ovamboland (OPO) a watan Afrilun 1959. An zaɓe shi a matsayin Sakatare-Janar na OPO kuma ya jagoranci reshen [[Windhoek]] na OPO na farko a Old Location tare da Sam Nujoma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Klaus Dierks Chronology |url=https://www.klausdierks.com/FrontpageMain.html |access-date=13 April 2025 |website=klausdierks.com |quote=With Jacob Kuhangua he leads the first Windhoek branch of OPO in the "Old Location".}}</ref> A cikin watan Satumba na shekarar 1959, an kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Afirka ta Kudu (SWANU) a matsayin laima ga ƙungiyoyi masu adawa da mulkin mallaka ciki har da OPO. Sakamakon haka, Kuhangua ya zama memba na kwamitin zartarwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Klaus Dierks Chronology |url=https://www.klausdierks.com/FrontpageMain.html |access-date=13 April 2025 |website=klausdierks.com |quote=The formation of the South West African National Union (SWANU) is envisaged: Herero Chiefs' Council, SWAPA and the SWASB, as well as Sam Nujoma and Jacob Kuhangua, are instrumental in its formation.}}</ref> Kuhangua, tare da shugabannin OPO da SWANU, sun shirya kauracewa ƙaramar hukuma wanda ya kai ga Tsohuwar Location a ranar 10 ga watan Disamba 1959. Bayan boren, OPO ya fuskanci matsin lamba daga hukumomin ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu, waɗanda suka sanya ido sosai kan harkokin siyasarta. Daga baya an kama Kuhangua kuma aka tura shi Ovamboland. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Klaus Dierks Chronology |url=https://www.klausdierks.com/FrontpageMain.html |access-date=13 April 2025 |website=klausdierks.com |quote=Jacob Kuhangua, who was deported to the north after the Windhoek Uprising, goes into exile via Angola, Zambia, Tanzania and Ethiopia. He reaches New York and joins Nujoma, Kozonguizi, Kerina and Scott.}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa a cikin watan Fabrairu, shugaban OPO Sam Nujoma da mataimakin shugaban ƙasa Louis Nelengani sun yi gudun hijira ta [[Botswana]] zuwa [[Tanzaniya]]. Kuhangua ya kasance mai fafutuka a siyasance a Ovamboland, yana taka rawa wajen sauya shekar OPO zuwa kungiyar Jama'ar Afirka ta Kudu (SWAPO) a watan Afrilun 1960. An sake zaɓen shi a matsayin Sakatare-Janar ba ya nan kuma ya ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gudanarwa da diflomasiyya a SWAPO a farkon shekarun tafiyar. A watan Agusta 1960, ya tsere ya tafi gudun hijira a [[Angola]], [[Zambiya|Zambia]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], da [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. Ya isa [[New York (birni)|New York]] kuma ya shiga Sam Nujoma, Jariretundu Kozonguizi, Mburumba Kerina, da Rev. Michael Scott a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]]. Ya kasance a New York yana aiki a matsayin mai shigar da ƙara na SWAPO ga Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. A wannan lokacin, ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Lincoln da ke Amurka. A ranar 23 ga watan Nuwamba, 1962, [[Tarayyar Amurka|ƙasar Amirka]] ta gudanar da taron tattaunawa game da manufofinsu kan Afrika ta Kudu ta Yamma. Taron ya shafi Kuhangu da Nujoma.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 23, 1962 |title=Memorandum of Conversation – United States Policy on South-West Africa |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1961-63v21/d398 |access-date=13 April 2025 |website=Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 1965, ya wakilci SWAPO a matsayin mai sa ido a Kotun Duniya ta [[Hague]], tare da Nujoma da Emil Appolus. Ya ci gaba da zama a birnin New York a matsayin mai shigar da ƙara na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na SWAPO har sai da ya koma [[Tanzaniya]] a shekarar 1966, bayan da kungiyar haɗin kan Afrika ta amince da SWAPO a matsayin halaltacciyar wakiliyar al'ummar Namibiya. === Shekaru a Tanzaniya, SWAPO "zamanin rikici" === Bayan kafuwarta na yau da kullun, SWAPO ta sami ci gaba cikin sauri, wanda tallafin ƙasa da ƙasa ke jagoranta tsakanin shekarun 1960 zuwa 1965. Wannan faɗaɗa ba zato ba tsammani ya haifar da abin da wasu suka bayyana a matsayin "lokacin rikici" a cikin jam'iyyar. Gwagwarmayar cikin gida ta samo asali kan jagoranci, alkibla, da akida, wanda siyasar geopolitics [[Cold War|ta yakin cacar baka]] ta yi tasiri. A cikin shekarar 1966, Jacob Kuhangua ya ziyarci sansanin horar da sojoji na Kongwa na SWAPO don magance masu ɗaukar shirin PLAN. A cikin jawabin da ya yi mai cike da cece-kuce, ya nuna shakku kan jajircewar shugabancin SWAPO na fafutukar neman yancin kai, yana mai cewa dabara ce kawai ta samun goyon bayan ƙasashen duniya. Kuhangua ya jaddada cewa makomar Namibiya ta dogara ne kan masu ilimi da ƙwararrun mutane, kuma ya ƙarfafa masu horarwa da su fifita karatu fiye da horar da sojoji. Wannan ya haifar da martani daga kwamandojin PLAN, waɗanda suka zargi Kuhangua da sauran su da yin zagon ƙasa ga yunkurin ‘yantar da su. Rikici tsakanin SWAPO ya ƙaru saboda rarrabuwar kawuna a yakin cacar baka. Kuhangua, wanda ya yi karatu a Amurka, ya kasance mai sukar [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] da gurguzu, yayin da mataimakin shugaban SWAPO Louis Nelengani, wanda aka horar da shi a cikin [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|USSR]], yana da ra'ayi na gaba da Yammacin Turai. Wannan ɓaraka ta akida ta haifar da rarrabuwar kawuna a tsakanin 'yan ƙasar Namibiya da ke gudun hijira, inda ya raba su zuwa gamayyar kungiyoyin da ke da alaƙa da akidu masu goyon bayan ƙasashen yammaci ko kuma na Tarayyar Soviet. A cikin shekarar 1968, waɗannan tashe-tashen hankula sun ƙare a cikin wani tashin hankali lokacin da Nelengani ya daba wa Kuhangua wuƙa a baya da wuƙar dafa abinci a [[Dar es Salaam]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronology of Namibian History – Klaus Dierks |url=https://www.klausdierks.com/FrontpageMain.html |access-date=13 April 2025 |quote=Louis Nelengani, former Vice-President, is expelled from SWAPO (because he had a fight with the former Administrative Secretary Jacob Kuhangua in Dar-Es-Salaam 1968 which left Kuhangua paralysed)}}</ref> Harin ya bar Kuhangua wani ɓangare ya gurgunce saboda lalacewar jijiya. Abokansa da ke Amurka sun shirya masa jinya a ƙasashen waje, amma raunin da ya samu ya sa shi kan keken guragu, wanda hakan ya kawo ƙarshen rayuwarsa ta siyasa. A shekarun 1969-70 SWAPO Consultative Congress a Tanga, Moses ǁGaroëb ya maye gurbin Kuhangua a matsayin Sakatare-Janar na SWAPO saboda yanayin lafiyarsa. Daga baya Kuhangua ya koma ƙasar Namibiya, inda ya kwashe shekarunsa na ƙarshe a asibitin jihar Oshakati da kuma cibiyar gyara ELCIN kafin rasuwarsa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1933]] 56h6d8xmou8fukbs2jy20jjpse3wxsu 0 101128 974937 629531 2026-11-01T18:14:16Z Abubakar Dan Alhaji 34964 /* */We have corrected the ethnic groups of the people in the town of Saminaka, they are Hausa, Hausa are the majority in the town of Saminaka, but there are also Kurama. 974937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Infobox|official_name=Saminaka|other_name=|native_name=|nickname=|settlement_type=Town|motto=|image_skyline=|imagesize=|image_caption=|image_flag=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_map=|mapsize=|map_caption=|pushpin_map=Nigeria|pushpin_label_position=|pushpin_mapsize=|pushpin_map_caption=|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|Nigeria}}|subdivision_type1=[[States of Nigeria|State]]|subdivision_name1=[[Kaduna State]]|subdivision_type2=|subdivision_name2=|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=|leader_name=|established_title=|established_date=|area_magnitude=|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=|area_land_km2=|population_as_of=2006 Census|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total=7165|population_density_km2=auto|timezone=[[West Africa Time|WAT]]|utc_offset=+01:00|timezone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|coordinates={{coord|10|24|N|08|41|E|region:NG|display=inline}}<ref name=Min/>|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=|postal_code_type=|postal_code=|area_code=|blank_name=[[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]|blank_info=[[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]]|website=|footnotes=}}'''Saminaka''' birni ne kuma hedkwatar [[Lere|karamar hukumar Lere]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bashir |first=Misbahu |date=June 20, 2015 |title=Nigeria: Power Restored in Saminaka After 4 Months |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201506221595.html |access-date=September 12, 2020 |website=All Africa |publisher=Daily Trust (Abuja)}}</ref> kuma saminaka masarautar [[Mutanen Hausawa|al'ummar Hausawa da Kurama]] ne<ref>{{Cite web |title=Districts and Village Units, Kaduna State |url=https://localgov.kdsg.gov.ng/?page_id=222 |access-date=September 11, 2020 |publisher=Ministry of Local Government Affairs, Kaduna State Government |archive-date=January 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121004813/https://localgov.kdsg.gov.ng/?page_id=222 |url-status=dead }}</ref> a kudancin [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna]] a yankin [[Tsakiyar Najeriya|Middle Belt]] a [[Najeriya]]. <ref name="Min">{{Cite web |title=Saminaka, Saminaka, Lere, Kaduna State, Nigeria |url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-2324623.html |access-date=September 11, 2020 |website=mindat.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Where is Saminaka, Nigeria located? |url=https://www.entfernungsrechner.net/en/city/2324623 |access-date=September 11, 2020}}</ref> Lambar gidan waya na yankin ita ce 811. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Post Offices - with map of LGA |url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |archive-date=2009-10-07 |access-date=2020-09-11 |publisher=NIPOST}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Jerin ƙauyuka a jihar Kaduna|Jerin kauyukan jihar Kaduna]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == iedeswc23nyizu33hjm5o76ni4pvn1v 0 102490 975120 903950 2026-11-02T06:05:46Z Zahrah0 14848 975120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gavin Christopher Newsom''' (/ ˈnjuːsəm/ NEW-səm; an haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan oktoba shekararar alif 1967) ɗan siyasan Amurka ne kuma ɗan kasuwa wanda yake aiki tun a shekarar 2019 a matsayin gwamnan California na 40. Memba na Jam'iyyar Democrat, ya yi aiki daga shekarar 2011 zuwa shekara ta 2019 a matsayin Laftanar Gwamna na 49 na California kuma daga shekarar 2004 zuwa shekara ta 2011 a matsayinb magajin gari na 42 na San Francisco.<ref>Muegge, Alex (November 30, 2023) [November 30, 2023]. "Newsom vs DeSantis Debate: Comparing California and Florida's governors". abc10.com. Archived from the original on December 6, 2023. Retrieved July 7, 2024.</ref> Newsom ya sauke karatu daga Jami'ar Santa Clara a shekarar alif 1989 tare da Bachelor of Science a kimiyyar siyasa. Bayan haka, ya kafa boutique winery PlumpJack Group a Oakville, California, tare da magajin biliyan biliyan da abokin dangi Gordon Getty a matsayin mai saka jari. Kamfanin ya girma don sarrafa kasuwancin 23, cbiki har da wuraren cin abinci, gidajen abinci, da otal. Newsom ya fara aikinsa na siyasa a shekara ta alif 1996, lokacin da magabjin garin San Francisco Willie Brown ya nada shi a hukumar kula da motoci da zirga-zirga ta birnin.[1] Daga nan Brown ya nada Newsom don cike gurbi a Hukumar Kula da Sufuri a shekara mai zuwa kuma an zabi Newsom a cikin hukumar a shekarar alif 1998. ==Rayuwar farko== An haifi Gavin Christopher Newsom a ranar 10 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta alif 1967, a San Francisco, California, ga Tessa Thomas (née Menzies) da William Alfred Newsom III, alkalin kotun daukaka kara na jiha kuma lauya na Getty Oil.<ref>"Gavin Newsom". The Governors' Gallery. California State Library. Retrieved September 29, 2023.</ref> San Franciscan na ƙarni na huɗu, Newsom ya fito ne daga fitaccen dangi da ke da alaƙa mai zurfi da birni. Kakansa na mahaifiyarsa Thomas Addis ƙwararren likitan nephrologist ne kuma farfesa a fannin likitanci a Jami'ar Stanford ya lura da bincikensa mai zurfi game da cutar koda.<ref>Thomas Addis, Stanford Nephrology Pioneer, Remembered". Stanford Medicine News Center. October 10, 2017. Retrieved February 25, 2025</ref> idan<ref>Rosen, Jody (March 3, 2010). "Joanna Newsom, the Changeling". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 9, 2018. Retrieved February 24, 2018.</ref> Iyayen Newsom sun sake aure a cikin 1971 lokacin yana ɗan shekara uku, ya bar mahaifiyarsa, Tessa, don renon shi da ƙanwarsa, Hilary Newsom Callan, galibi ita kaɗai. Tessa ta yi ayyuka uku - sau da yawa a matsayin mai hidima, ma'aikacin littafi, da sakatariya - don tallafawa dangi, ta haɓaka ɗa'a mai ƙarfi a cikin 'ya'yanta.<ref>Rosen, Jody (March 3, 2010). "Joanna Newsom, the Changeling". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 9, 2018. Retrieved February 24, 2018.</ref> ] Newsom ya kira yarinta <ref>Rosen, Jody (March 3, 2010). "Joanna Newsom, the Changeling". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 9, 2018. Retrieved February 24, 2018.</ref> <ref>Chuck Finnie; Rachel Gordon; Lance Williams (February 23, 2003). "NEWSOM'S PORTFOLIO / Mayoral hopeful has parlayed Getty money, family ties and political connections into local prominence". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on March 31, 2003. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> tafsirin takardu drahotanni<ref>Newsom, Gavin (March 8, 2020). Citizenville. Penguin. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-14-312447-4.</ref> <ref> "Gavin Newsom on dyslexia, 2024 rumors and what he'd do if he could run for president"</ref> cikin wata hira da aka yi da shi a shekara ta 2023, ya ce dyslexia ɗinsa "ya tilasta ni in nemo hanyoyin magancewa da tunani dabam-dabam-bazara har yanzu ina amfani da ita kowace rana a matsayin gwamna." basira.<ref> Guthrie (December 7, 2003). "Gonzalez, Newsom: What makes them run". The San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on January 15, 2004. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref>Yar'uwarsa Hilary ta tuna da bukukuwan Kirsimati lokacin da mahaifiyarsu ta gargaɗe su da kada su yi tsammanin kyauta, tana mai jaddad amatsalolin kuɗin iyali.<ref> Guthrie (December 7, 2003). "Gonzalez, Newsom: What makes them run". The San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on January 15, 2004. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> <ref> Guthrie (December 7, 2003). "Gonzalez, Newsom: What makes them run". The San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on January 15, 2004. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> <ref>Archived</ref> <ref>, Cecilia (October 27, 2007). "Newsom reflects on 4 years of ups and downs as election approaches". The San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on December 6, 2007. Retrieved March 7, 2008.</ref> ==Sana'ar kasuwanci== Newsom da masu saka hannun jarinsa sun kirkiro kamfanin PlumpJack Associates L.P a ranar 14 ga watan Mayu, shekara ta alif 1991. Ƙungiyar ta fara PlumpJack Winery a cikin shekarar 1992 tare da taimakon kuɗi <ref> , Peter (April 2, 2003). "Bringing Up Baby Gavin". SF Weekly. Archived from the original on July 22, 2010. Retrieved June 10, 2014.</ref> na abokin danginsa Gordon Getty. PlumpJack shine sunan wasan opera wanda Getty ya rubuta, wanda ya saka hannun jari a cikin kasuwanci 10 na Newsom 11.<ref> "NEWSOM'S PORTFOLIO / Mayoral hopeful has parlayed Getty money, family ties and political connections into local prominence"</ref> farko".<ref>"NEWSOM'S PORTFOLIO / Mayoral hopeful has parlayed Getty money, family ties and political connections into local prominence"</ref> <ref>"Gonzalez, Newsom: What makes them run"</ref> kantin.<ref>"Fact check: Did Newsom exempt wineries from CA COVID-19 rules?"</ref> Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta yi jayayya cewa ruwan inabi abinci ne kuma yana buƙatar kantin sayar da kayan aikin da ya saka $27,000 a cikin shagon ruwan inabi mai kafet a kan dalilin cewa shagon yana buƙatar tanki don mop. Lokacin da aka nada Newsom mai kulawa daga baya, ya gaya wa San Francisco Examiner: "Wannan shine irin rashin lafiyar ofis da zan yi aiki da shi."<ref>"Newsom's Way: He hopes business success can translate to public service"</ref> Kasuwancin ya girma zuwa kamfani mai ma'aikata sama da 700<ref>"Gonzalez, Newsom: What makes them run"</ref> he ), wani winery a Napa Valley (1995), da Balboa Café Bar da Grill (1995), da PlumpJack Development Fund LP (1996), da MatrixFillmore Bar (1998), PlumpJack Wines kantin Noe Valley reshe (1999), s.<ref> "Gonzalez, Newsom: What makes them run"</ref>kudin shiga na shekara-shekara na Newsom ya fi $429,000 daga 1996 zuwa 2001.<ref> "NEWSOM'S PORTFOLIO / Mayoral hopeful has parlayed Getty money, family ties and political connections into local prominence"</ref> cikin 2002, an ƙima kasuwancin kasuwancinsa fiye da dala miliyan 6.9.<ref> "Gonzalez, Newsom: What makes them run"</ref> ya ba wa ma'aikatan PlumpJack takardar kyauta na wata-wata, waɗanda ra'ayoyin kasuwancinsu suka gaza, domin a ra'ayinsa, "Ba za a sami nasara ba tare da gazawa ba."<ref> M. Vega (April 1, 2008). "Mayor has financial holdings at Napa, Tahoe". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on April 3, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> <ref> M. Vega (April 1, 2008). "Mayor has financial holdings at Napa, Tahoe". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on April 3, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> A cikin watan Fabrairu shekara ta 2006, ya biya $2,350,000 don gidansa a unguwar Rasha Hill, wanda ya sanya a kasuwa a cikin Afrilu 2009 akan $ 3,000,000.<ref> Penthouse For Sale". San Francisco Luxury, SFLuxe.com. April 24, 2009. Archived from the original on May 17, 2009. Retrieved April 24, 2009</ref> <ref> Penthouse For Sale". San Francisco Luxury, SFLuxe.com. April 24, 2009. Archived from the original on May 17, 2009. Retrieved April 24, 2009</ref> <ref> King (February 4, 1997). "S.F.'s New Supervisor – Bold, Young Entrepreneur". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> ==Farkon aikin siyasa== Duba kuma: Tarihin Zaɓe na Gavin Newsom Newsom a cikin 1999 Kwarewar siyasa ta farko ta Newsom ta zo ne lokacin da ya ba da kansa don nasarar kamfen na Willie Brown na magajin gari a cikin 1995. Newsom ya dauki nauyin tattara kudade na sirri a PlumpJack Café.<ref> "NEWSOM'S PORTFOLIO / Mayoral hopeful has parlayed Getty money, family ties and political connections into local prominence"</ref> brown ya nada Newsom a kujerar da ba kowa a hukumar ajiye motoci da zirga-zirga a shekarar 1996, sannan aka zabe shi a matsayin shugaban hukumar. Brown ya nada shi a kujerar San Francisco Board of Supervisors wurin zama wanda Kevin Shelley ya bari a bacikin 1997. A lokacin, shi ne ƙaramin memba na kwamitin kula da San Francisco.<ref> King (February 4, 1997). "S.F.'s New Supervisor – Bold, Young Entrepreneur". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> [<ref> Gordon, Rachel (February 14, 1997). "Newsom gets his political feet wet". San Francisco Examiner. Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> <ref> Delgado (February 3, 1997). "Board gets a straight white male". San Francisco Examiner. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> Newsom ya rantse da mahaifinsa kuma ya yi alkawarin kawo kwarewar kasuwancinsa ga hukumar.<ref>, Rachel (February 14, 1997). "Newsom gets his political feet wet". San Francisco Examiner. Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> Brown ya kira Newsom "bangare na gaba na shugabannin wannan babban birni" <ref> , Rachel (February 14, 1997). "Newsom gets his political feet wet". San Francisco Examiner. Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> ya bayyana kansa a matsayin "mai sassaucin ra'ayi na zamantakewa da kuma mai sa ido kan kasafin kudi".[<ref>, Rachel (February 14, 1997). "Newsom gets his political feet wet". San Francisco Examiner. Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> <ref> Ray Delgado (February 3, 1997). "Board gets a straight white male". San Francisco Examiner. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> an zabe shi zuwa cikakken .<ref> , Edward (September 15, 2000). "Lone Candidate is Going All Out in District 2 Race". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> ya biya $ 500 ga Jam'iyyar RepnNablican ta San Francisco don bayyana a kan takardar amincewa da jam'iyyar a 2000 yayin da yake neman mai kulawa.<ref> "Newsom's Expensive Silence"</ref> sake zabe shi.<ref>"Gavin Newsom through the years"</ref> A matsayinsa na mai kula da San Francisco, Newsom ya sami kulawar jama'a saboda rawar da ya taka wajen bayar da shawarar sake fasalin hanyar dogo ta birni (Muni).<ref> Gordon, Rachel (October 16, 1998). "Fights idea that he's a Brown "appendage'". San Francisco Examiner. Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu kulawa guda biyu da Rescue Muni, ƙungiyar masu tuƙi, ta amince da shi a sake zaɓensa na 1998. Ya dauki nauyin Shawarar B don buƙatar Muni da sauran sassan birni don haɓaka cikakkun tsare-tsaren sabis na abokin ciniki.[<ref>"NEWSOM'S PORTFOLIO / Mayoral hopeful has parlayed Getty money, family ties and political connections into local prominence"</ref> <ref>"Muni Riders Back Newsom And Ammiano"</ref> ] Matakin ya wuce da kashi 56.6% na kuri'un.<ref>"How San Francisco Voted"</ref> <ref>Gordon, Rachel (October 16, 1998). "Fights idea that he's a Brown "appendage'". San Francisco Examiner. Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> <ref>"Fights idea that he's a Brown "appendage'"</ref> ==Zabe== 2003 Babban labarin: 2003 zaben magajin gari San Francisco<ref>"Gavin Newsom's approach to fixing homelessness in San Francisco outraged activists. And he's proud of it"</ref> <ref>"From Pacific Heights, Newsom Is Pro-Development and Anti-Handout"</ref> ,<ref>"From Pacific Heights, Newsom Is Pro-Development and Anti-Handout"</ref> Hoton Newsom a matsayin Mai Kula da Hukumar SF, 1999 <ref>"From Pacific Heights, Newsom Is Pro-Development and Anti-Handout"</ref> Newsom ya sanya na farko a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 2003, babban zaɓe a filin mutum tara. Ya samu kashi 41.9% na kuri'un da dan takarar jam'iyyar Green Party Matt Gonzalez ya samu kashi 19.6 a zagayen farko na jefa kuri'a, amma ya fuskanci fafatawa a zagaye na biyu na zaben na ranar 9 ga watan Disamba, lokacin da yawancin kungiyoyin ci gaban birnin suka goyi bayan Gonzalez.<ref> , Rachel; Simon, Mark (December 10, 2003). "Newsom: 'The Time for Change is Here'". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on May 11, 2004. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> <ref> Wildermuth, John; Gordon, Rachel (November 12, 2003). "Mayoral hopefuls come out swinging in debate". San Francisco Chronicle. p. A-1. Archived from the original on December 28, 2003. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> <ref> John Wildermuth; Katia Hetter; Demian Bulwa (December 3, 2003). "SF Campaign Notebook". San Francisco Chronicle. p. A-27. Archived from the original on December 28, 2003. Retrieved March 10, 2008.</ref> <ref>Joan Walsh (December 9, 2003). "San Francisco's Greens versus Democrats grudge-match". Salon.com. Archived from the original on July 24, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref>jagorancin Demokraɗiyya sun ji cewa suna buƙatar ƙarfafa San Francisco a matsayin tushen Demokraɗiyya bayan sun sha kaye a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2000 da zaɓen tunawa da gwamna na 2003 ga Arnold Schwarzenegger.<ref>John Wildermuth; Katia Hetter; Demian Bulwa (December 3, 2003). "SF Campaign Notebook". San Francisco Chronicle. p. A-27. Archived from the original on December 28, 2003. Retrieved March 10, 2008.</ref> Jigogin Jam'iyyar Democratic Party, ciki har da Bill Clinton, Al Gore, da Jesse Jackson, sun yi yakin neman zaben Newsom. <ref>John Wildermuth; Katia Hetter; Demian Bulwa (December 3, 2003). "SF Campaign Notebook". San Francisco Chronicle. p. A-27. Archived from the original on December 28, 2003. Retrieved March 10, 2008.</ref>"Newsom: 'The Time for Change is Here'"> <ref> Joan Walsh (December 9, 2003). "San Francisco's Greens versus Democrats grudge-match". Salon.com. Archived from the original on July 24, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> masu sa ido biyar sun amince da Gonzalez, yayin da Willie Brown ya amince da Newsom<ref> Gordon, Rachel; Simon, Mark (December 10, 2003). "Newsom: 'The Time for Change is Here'". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on May 11, 2004. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> <ref>Carol Lloyd (December 21, 2003). "See how they ran". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on January 31, 2004. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> Newsom ya lashe zaben zagaye na biyu da kashi 53% na kuri'un da aka kada inda Gonzalez ya samu kashi 47%, ratar kuri'u 11,000.<ref> Carol Lloyd (December 21, 2003). "See how they ran". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on January 31, 2004. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> ya yi matsayi a matsayin dan jam'iyyar Dbmocrat mai son kasuwanci kuma mai matsakaicin ra'ayi a siyasar San Francisco. Wasu daga cikin masu adawa da shi suna kiransa da ‘yan mazan jiya<ref>Carol Lloyd (December 21, 2003). "See how they ran". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on January 31, 2004. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> <ref> John Wildermuth; Katia Hetter; Demian Bulwa (December 3, 2003). "SF Campaign Notebook". San Francisco Chronicle. p. A-27. Archived from the original on December 28, 2003. Retrieved March 10, 2008.</ref> ya yi iƙirarin cewa shi ɗan tsakiya ne a cikin ƙirar Dianne Feinstein<ref> Lloyd (October 29, 2003). "From Pacific Heights, Newsom Is Pro-Development and Anti-Handout". SF Gate. Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref>] Ya yi gudu a kan taken "manyan birane, manyan ra'ayoyi", kuma ya gabatar da takardun manufofin sama da 21.[34] Shi<ref>"Newsom: 'The Time for Change is Here'"</ref> <ref>Gordon, Rachel; Guthrie, Julian; Joe Garofoli (November 5, 2003). "It's Newsom vs. Gonzalez". San Francisco Chronicle. p. A-1. Archived from the original on November 15, 2003. Retrieved May 14, 2025</ref> An rantsar da Newsom a matsayin magajin gari a ranar 8 ga Janairu, 2004.<ref> Carol Lloyd (December 21, 2003). "See how they ran". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on January 31, 2004. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> ya yi kira da a hada kai a tsakanin bangarorin siyasar birnin, ya kuma yi alkawarin magance matsalolin makarantun gwamnaati da ramuka da gidaje masu saukin kudi<ref>."Mayor's challenge: finishing what he started". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on March 13, 2006. Retrieved May 14, 2025</ref> "<ref>"Mayor Newsom's goal: a 'common purpose' / CHALLENGES AHEAD: From potholes to the homeless"</ref> ===Auren jinsi daya=== Newsom ya sami kulawar ƙasa a cikin 2004 lokacin da ya umurci magatakarda na gundumar San Francisco don ba da lasisin aure ga ma'auratan jinsi ɗaya, wanda ya keta dokar jiha.<ref> Leff (August 10, 2007). "Newsom set to endorse Clinton for president". Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 9, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2025 – via SFGate.com.</ref> watan Agustan 2004, Kotun Koli ta California ta soke auren Newsom ya ba da izini, yayin da suka ci karo da dokar jihar. Duk da haka, matakin ba zato na Newsom ya jawo hankalin al'umma kan batun auren jinsi ɗaya, yana ƙarfafa goyon bayan siyasa a gare shi a San Francisco da kuma cikin al'ummar LGBTQ+<ref> Leff (August 10, 2007). "Newsom set to endorse Clinton for president". Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 9, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2025 – via SFGate.com</ref> <ref>ike Weiss (January 23, 2005). "Newsom in Four Acts". The San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on March 5, 2005. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> <ref> Dolan, Maura (May 16, 2008). "California Supreme Court overturns gay marriage ban". The Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on May 19, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> <ref>Cecilia M. Vega (August 3, 2007). "Far-out in front - Newsom is raising war-size war chest". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on August 16, 2007. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> <ref> M. Vega (January 18, 2008). "Newsom's $139,700 office spending spree". The San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on February 21, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> <ref>Gavin Newsom wasn't always such a liberal crusader Archived May 8, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, Sacramento Bee, Christopher Cadelago, July 19, 2018. Retrieved March 28, 2021</ref> <ref> M. Vega; Wyatt Bucgahjaanan (June 3, 2007). "Newsom faces few hurdles to re-election". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on November 6, 2007. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> A lokacin zaben 2008, Newsom ya yi adawa da Shawara ta 8, yunƙurin jefa ƙuri'a don sauya hukuncin Kotun Koli ta California cewa akwai haƙƙin tsarin mulki na auren jinsi<ref>San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom fights for same-sex marriage". ABC Local. October 29, 2008. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved November 18, 2010.</ref> ] <ref>, Erin (November 6, 2008). "Newsom was central to same-sex marriage saga". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on June 1, 2009. Retrieved February 11, 2022</ref> bWasu masu lura sun lura cewa zabe ya canza zuwa ga Shawarar 8 bayan sakin kasuwancin; wannan kuma ya haifar da rade-radin cewa Newsom ya taka rawa ba da gangan ba a cikin nassin gyaran.<ref>, Erin (November 6, 2008). "Newsom was central to same-sex marriage saga". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on June 1, 2009. Retrieved February 11, 2022.</ref> <ref>, Peter (December 13, 2008). "Newsom seeks to get beyond Prop. 8 fiasco in quest to become governor". p. 1A. Archived from the original on February 11, 2009. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> <ref>An interview with Gavin Newsom". Washington Blade. December 1, 2008. Archived from the original on December 1, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2025</ref> <ref> Jonathan Darman (January 17, 2009). "SF Mayor Gavin Newsom Risks Career on Gay Marriage". Newsweek. Archived from the original on April 17, 2009. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> <ref>Cecilia M. Vega; John Wildermuth; Heather Knight (November 7, 2007). "Newsom's 2nd Act". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved May 14, 2025</ref> <ref>Cecilia M. Vega (August 11, 2007). "Newsom lacks serious challengers, but lineup is full of characters". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> <ref>C.W. Nevius (September 6, 2007). "When Newsom gets a free pass for 4 more years, nobody wins". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved March 15, 2008.</ref> <ref>Election Summary: November 6, 2007". San Francisco City and County Department of Elections. November 6, 2007. Archived from the original on May 25, 2012.</ref> ==laftanar Gwamnan California == (2011-2019) Zabe<ref>"California gubernatorial candidates share views on criminal justice changes". sacbee.com. Archived from the original on April 14, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2017</ref> <ref>"Gavin Newsom's panel: Marijuana shouldn't be California's next Gold Rush"</ref> <ref>McGreevey, Patrick (February 24, 2017). "Essential Politics: State Atty. Gen. Xavier Becerra to open Washington office, cap-and-trade auction revenue results are revealed". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Archived from the original on April 13, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2017.</ref> 2010<ref>Mayor Newsom Unveils Better Streets Plan". San Francisco Office of the Mayor. Archived from the original on June 10, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2025</ref> Duba kuma: Zaɓen Laftanar Gwamna na California na 2010 <ref>Allday, Erin (November 30, 2008). "S.F. food policy heading in a healthy direction". The San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on December 6, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> <ref>Mayor Newsom Unveils Better Streets Plan". San Francisco Office of the Mayor. Archived from the original on June 10, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2025</ref> ,<ref>, Gerry (February 19, 2010). "Gavin Newsom, the Twitter Prince". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 10, 2011. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> Hoton hukuma na Newsom a matsayin Laftanar gwamnan California<ref>Top Policy Groups Take Action to Create Healthy Communities, Prevent Childhood Obesity". Leadership for Healthy Communities. Archived from the original on June 30, 2009. Retrieved November 18, 2010.</ref> <ref>"PolitiCal". Los Angeles Times. June 8, 2010. Archived from the original on June 12, 2010. Retrieved June 9, 2010</ref> Newsom yayi kamfen don Jerry Brown na gwamna, Oktoba 2010 Newsom ya gabatar da takardar farko don tsayawa takarar mukaddashin gwamna a watan Fabrairun 2010, ,<ref>Gavin Newsom, San Francisco mayor, files papers in lieutenant governor race". News10. February 17, 2010. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved November 18, 2010</ref> kuma a hukumance ya sanar da takararsa a watan Maris.<ref> "City Insider: It's official: Newsom's running for lieutenant governor"</ref> shi 2<ref>Brown, Newsom, Boxer elected". The Stanford Daily. Archived from the original on November 6, 2010. Retrieved March 11, 2010.</ref>] An rantsar da Newsom a matsayin Laftanar Gwamna a ranar 10 ga Janairu, 2011, kuma ya yi aiki a karkashin Gwamna Jerry Brown.<ref>Knight, Heather (March 27, 2009). "S.F. Dems blast mayor in sanctuary city case". The San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on March 30, 2009. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> <ref>"Former San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom Re-Elected California Lieutenant Governor"</ref> <ref>, Jazmine. "Essential Politics July archives". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Archived from the original on April 15, 2017. Retrieved </ref> <ref>Aaron Sankin (May 29, 2012). "Gavin Newsom on Sacramento". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on June 4, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2012</ref> <ref>Unite Here Local 2, "History" Archived October 26, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, October 25, 2018.</ref> ==2007== Babban labarin: 2007 zaben magajin gari San Francisco Al'ummar San Francisco masu ci gaba sun yi ƙoƙarin tsayar da ɗan takara don gudanar da kamfen mai ƙarfi da Newsom. Masu sa ido Ross Mirkarimi da Chris Daly sun yi la'akari da gudu, amma dukansu sun ƙi. Gonzalez kuma ya yanke shawarar ba zai sake kalubalantar Newsom ba.<ref> M. Vega; Wyatt Buchanan (June 3, 2007). "Newsom faces few hurdles to re-election". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on November 6, 2007. Retrieved May 14, 2025</ref> Lokacin da 10 ga Agusta, 2007, wa'adin ƙaddamarwa ya wuce, tattaunawar San Francisco ta koma magana game da wa'adi na biyu na Newsom. 'Yan takara 13 ne suka kalubalanci shi a zaben, ciki har da George Davis, mai fafutukar neman tsiraici, da Michael Powers, mai kungiyar jima'i ta musayar wutar lantarki.<ref>Cecilia M. Vega (August 11, 2007). "Newsom lacks serious challengers, but lineup is full of characters". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> Tsohon mai kula da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya Tony Hall ya janye daga farkon watan Satumba saboda rashin tallafi.<ref>. Nevius (September 6, 2007). "When Newsom gets a free pass for 4 more years, nobody wins". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved March 15, 2008</ref> San Francisco Chronicle ya bayyana a cikin Agusta 2007 cewa Newsom bai fuskanci "mummunan barazana ga sake zabensa ba", bayan da ya tara dala miliyan 1.6 don yakin neman zabensa a farkon watan Agusta.<ref> Cecilia M. Vega (August 3, 2007). "Far-out in front - Newsom is raising war-size war chest". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on August 16, 2007. Retrieved May 14, 2025</ref>sake zabe shi a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba da fiye da kashi 72% na kuri'un.<ref>Election Summary: November 6, 2007". San Francisco City and County Department of Elections. November 6, 2007. Archived from the original on May 25, 2012.</ref> Bayan da ya hau ofis na wa'adi na biyu, Newsom ya yi alkawarin mayar da hankali kan muhalli, rashin matsuguni, kula da lafiya, ilimi, gidaje, da sake gina Babban Asibitin San Francisco.<ref>Cecilia M. Vega (January 18, 2008). "Newsom's $139,700 office spending spree". The San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on February 21, 2008. Retrieved May 14, 2025</ref> <ref>Cecilia M. Vega; John Wildermuth; Heather Knight (November 7, 2007). "Newsom's 2nd Act". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved May 14, 2025.</ref> ==Adalci na laifi da halatta cannabis== A cikin 2014, Newsom shine kawai ɗan siyasa a duk faɗin jihar don amincewa da Shawarar California 47, dokar da ta sake rarraba wasu laifuffukan rashin tashin hankali kamar laifuffukan muggan ƙwayoyi da na dukiya a matsayin ɓarna sabanin aikata laifuka. Masu jefa kuri'a sun zartar da wannan matakin ne a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 2014.<ref>California gubernatorial candidates share views on criminal justice changes". sacbee.com. Archived from the original on April 14, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2017.</ref> <ref>Citizenville". Penguin Books. Archived from the original on September 20, 2020. Retrieved August 8, 2019.</ref>. <ref>Lucas, Scott. "Gavin Newsom and a Berkeley Professor Are Trying to Disrupt Public Opinion Polls". San Francisco Magazine. Modern Luxury. Archived from the original on July 21, 2014. Retrieved July 16, 2014.</ref> A cikin Yuli <ref>"Essential Politics: State Atty. Gen. Xavier Becerra to open Washington office, cap-and-trade auction revenue results are revealed"</ref> Newsom ya goyi bayan ma'aunin da aka samu, <ref> Noveck, Beth (March 2013). "'Citizenville', by Gavin Newsom". SFGate. Archived from the original on July 20, 2014. Retrieved July 16, 2014.</ref> 64, wanda ya halatta amfani da cannabis da noma ga mazauna jihar California waɗanda ke da shekaru 21 ko fiye.<ref>Cadelago, Christopher (July 21, 2015). "Gavin Newsom's panel: Marijuana shouldn't be California's next Gold Rush". Sacbee.com. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2016.£</ref> <ref>. Gavin Newsom, Former Sen. Sam Blakeslee Launch 'Digital Democracy'". Govtech.com. May 7, 2015. Archived from the original on February 12, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2016</ref> <ref>, Lisa (April 22, 2009). Newsom in governor's race. Ventura County Star.</ref> A ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 2017, don mayar da martani ga maganganun tilastawa da Sakataren Yada Labarai na Fadar White House Sean Spicer, Newsom ya aika da Attorney Janar Jeff Sessions da Shugaba Donald Trump da wasiƙa yana roƙon su da kada su ƙara tilasta wa gwamnatin tarayya takunkumi kan kamfanonin cannabis na nishaɗi da ke buɗe a California.<ref>"Campaign 2010/Mayor Newsom wants to move on up to the governor's place/Campaign expected to be very crowded and very expensive"</ref> Ya rubuta: "Bai kamata gwamnati ta kwanae masana'antar da ke bin doka da ta bainar jama'a ba sannan ta mayar da ita ga masu safarar miyagun kwayoyi da masu aikata laifuka ... Dillalai ba sa katin yara. Ina roƙon ku da gwamnatin ku da ku yi aiki tare da California da sauran jihohi takwas waɗanda suka halatta shan wiwi na nishaɗi don amfani da manya ta hanyar da za ta ba mu damar aiwatar da dokokin jiharmu da ke kare jama'a da mugayen ƴan wasanmu yayin da muke kaiwa hari. " Newsom ya mayar da martani ga kalaman Spicer wanda ya kwatanta cannabis da opioids: "Ba kamar marijuana ba, opioids suna wakiltar wani abu mai jaraba kuma mai cutarwa, kuma zan yi maraba da kokarin da gwamnatin ku ta mayar da hankali kan magance wannan matsalar lafiyar jama'a." <ref>Governor 2010: New Field Poll – Things Look Bad For Newsom, Not So Bad for Feinstein and Villaraigosa". Johnny California. November 12, 2008. Archived from the original on May 7, 2010. Retrieved November 18, 2010.</ref> <ref>Archived</ref> <ref>Selway, William (April 21, 2009). "San Francisco Mayor Joins Race for California Governor in 2010". Bloomberg. Retrieved November 18, 2010</ref> <ref>Harrell, Ashley (September 9, 2009). "The Wrong Stuff". SF Weekly. Archived from the original on November 25, 2009. Retrieved November 19, 2009</ref> <ref>Statement by Mayor Gavin Newsom" (Press release). Gavin Newsom for a Better California. October 30, 2009. Archived from the original on November 2, 2009. Retrieved January 6, 2010.</ref> ==Ilimi== Newsom ya haɗu da Sufeto na Kwalejin Long Beach City Eloy Oakley a cikin Nuwamba 2015 op-ed yana kira don ƙirƙirar Alƙawarin Kwalejin California, wanda zai haifar da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin makarantun jama'a, jami'o'in jama'a, da masu daukar ma'aikata da ba da ilimin kwalejin al'umma kyauta.<ref>"Gavin Newsom and Eloy Ortiz Oakley: Free community coallege tuition will drive California economy"</ref> A cikin 2016, ya shiga magajin garin Oakland Libby Schaaf a ƙaddamar da Alƙawarin Oakland da Uwargida ta Biyu Jill Biden da magajin garin Los Angeles Eric Garcetti a ƙaddamar da Alƙawarin LA.<ref>Oakland Launches Promise Initiative to Triple Number of College Graduates". City of Oakland. January 28, 2016. Archived from the original on May 25, 2017. Retrieved April 24, 2017</ref> ]<ref>"L.A. puts higher education within reach for all students"</ref> <ref>"L.A. puts higher education within reach for all students"</ref> A watan Yuni 2016, Newsom ya taimaka wajen samar da dala miliyan 15 a cikin kasafin kudin jihar don tallafawa ƙirƙirar shirye-shiryen alkawura a duk faɗin jihar.,<ref>California's College Promise Celebrated by Local Elected Officials, Education Leaders". California State Assembly. June 17, 2016. Archived from the original on April 24, 2017. Retrieved April 23, 2017</ref> <ref>Newsom, Gavin (2013). Citizenville: How to Take the Town Square Digital and Reinvent Government. Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1-59420-472-2.</ref> A cikin Disamba 2015, Newsom ya yi kira ga Jami'ar California da ta sake rarraba darussan kimiyyar kwamfuta a matsayin babban ajin ilimi don ƙarfafa ƙarin manyan makarantu don ba da tsarin karatun kimiyyar kwamfuta.[<ref>"Coalition calls for greater focus on computer science in UC, Cal State admissions"</ref> <ref>"Silicon Valley Urges Cal, CSU to Give Computer Science Full Credit in Admissions (Updated)"</ref> Ya dauki nauyin doka mai nasara da Gwamna Brown ya sanya wa hannu a watan Satumba na 2016, wanda ya fara shirin fadada ilimin kimiyyar na'ura mai kwakwalwa ga dukkan daliban jihar, tun daga makarantar sakandare <ref>Gov. Brown signs law to plan expansion of computer science education". EdSource. September 27, 2016. Archived from the original on April 24, 2017. Retrieved April 23, 2017.</ref> ==2021 tuna zabe== Babban labarin: 2021 zaben tunawa da gwamnan California An ƙaddamar da yunƙurin tunawa da yawa a kan Newsom a farkon wa'adinsa, amma sun kasa samun jan hankali sosai. A ranar 21 ga Fabrairu, 2020, Orrin Heatlie, mataimakiyar sheriff a gundumar Yolo ta gabatar da koken tunawa. Takardar koken ta ambaci manufofin jihar Newsom mai tsarki kuma ta ce dokokin da ya amince da su sun fi son "'yan kasashen waje, a cikin kasarmu ba bisa ka'ida ba";<ref>"Gavin Newsom recall, Governor of California (2019–2021)"</ref> <ref>Martichoux, Alix (February 3, 2021). "Why do people want to recall Gov. Gavin Newsom? We explain". ABC7 Los Angeles. Archived from the original on February 15, 2021. Retrieved February 11, 2021.</ref> Tilastawa zaben na gwamna ya bukaci jimillar sa hannun mutane 1,495,709 da aka tantance.<ref> Martichoux, Alix (February 3, 2021). "Why do people want to recall Gov. Gavin Newsom? We explain". ABC7 Los Angeles. Archived from the original on February 15, 2021. Retrieved February 11, 2021.</ref>to A watan Agustan 2020, sakatariyar gwamnati ta gabatar da sa hannun 55,000 kuma ta tabbatar da ita, kuma an gabatar da sabbin sa hannu guda 890 zuwa Oktoba 2020.,<ref>"The origin of the Newsom recall had nothing to do with COVID-19. Here's why it began"</ref>to Tun da farko an ba da takardar sa hannu kan ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, 2020, amma an tsawaita ta zuwa 17 ga Maris, 2021, bayan da alkali James P. Arguelles ya yanke hukuncin cewa masu shigar da kara na iya samun karin lokaci saboda cutar.[,<ref>Stone, Ken (November 6, 2020). "Newsom Recall Drive Gets New Life: Signature Deadline Delayed to March 17". Times of San Diego. Archived from the original on February 3, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2020.</ref>to<ref>"Recall effort against California governor an attempt to 'destabilize the political system,' analysts say"</ref> fushin masu jefa ƙuri'a game da kulle-kulle, asarar aiki, rufe makarantu da kasuwanci;<ref>, Michael R. (March 17, 2021). "EXPLAINER: Why is California Gov. Newsom facing a recall?". ABC News. Archived from the original on May 21, 2021. Retrieved September 16, 2021</ref> ] da kuma badakalar dala biliyan 31 a hukumar rashin aikin yi ta jihar <ref>California's EDD scandal cost Newsom in the recall election?". CalMatters. Archived from the original on September 10, 2021. Retrieved September 16, 2021</ref>an ƙididdige su don tallafin girma na tunawa.<ref>"EXPLAINER: Why is California Gov. Newsom facing a recall?"</ref> Lamarin wanki na Faransa ya faru ne a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba,<ref>Harris, Mary (May 3, 2021). "Are Californians Still Mad at Gavin Newsom?". Slate Magazine. Archived from the original on May 31, 2021. Retrieved September 16, 2021.</ref> vda Maris 17, 2021<ref> Lara (March 29, 2021). "The origin of the Newsom recall had nothing to do with COVID-19. Here's why it began". The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original on July 16, 2021. Retrieved September 16, 2021.</ref> <ref>Nuttle, Matthew (June 23, 2021). "Newsom Recall is a Go After Only 43 People Remove Their Signatures from Effort". ABC. Archived from the original on October 1, 2021. Retrieved September 22, 2021.</ref>to <ref>"Gavin Newsom easily wins reelection in California a year after recall"</ref> <ref>Ronayne, Kathleen; Blood, Michael R. (September 15, 2021). "California Gov. Gavin Newsom beats back GOP-led recall". Associated Press. Sacramento. Archived from the original on September 19, 2021. Retrieved September 19, 2021.</ref>A ranar 14 ga Satumba, 2021, an gudanar da zaɓen tunawa, kuma kashi 38% ne kawai suka kada kuri'a don kiran Newsom, don haka ya ci gaba da zama a ofis.<ref>"California Gov. Gavin Newsom stays in power as recall fails". AP NEWS. September 14, 2021. Archived from the original on September 15, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2021.</ref>to]< <ref>"Gov. Newsom the moderate? On this spectrum, almost every Democratic legislator is further left"</ref> A cikin 2016, Newsom ya wuce jerin gyare-gyare a Jami'ar California don ba wa ɗalibai-'yan wasa ƙarin tallafi na ilimi da raunin da ya shafi rauni, da kuma tabbatar da cewa kwangiloli na daraktocin wasanni da masu horarwa sun jaddada ci gaban ilimi. Wannan ya zo ne a matsayin martani ga shirye-shiryen wasannin motsa jiki da yawa, gami da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Jami'ar California–Berkeley, wacce ke da mafi ƙarancin adadin karatun digiri a cikin ƙasar.[<ref>Gavin Newsom places his stamp on UC sports policy; it's a start". Sacbee.com. May 11, 2016. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2016.</ref> <ref> (May 11, 2016). "University panel adopts expanded student-athlete protections". Bigstory.ap.org. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2016.</ref> <ref>Bernstein, Sharon (September 15, 2021). "TV networks". Reuters. Archived from the original on September 14, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2021</ref>to <ref>Myers, John; Luna, Taryn (December 22, 2020). "Newsom names Assemblywoman Shirley Weber to succeed Padilla as California secretary of state". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 19, 2021. Retrieved March 16, 2021.</ref> ==Alƙawura== Bayan an zabi Sanata Kamala Harris na Amurka mataimakin shugaban Amurka a zaben shugaban kasa na 2020, Newsom ya nada Sakataren Jihar California Alex Padilla don ya gaje ta a matsayin karamar majalisar dattijai ta California Don maye gurbin Padilla a matsayin sakatariyar harkokin waje, Newsom ya nada 'yar majalisa Shirley Weber.<ref>Myers, John; Luna, Taryn (December 22, 2020). "Newsom names Assemblywoman Shirley Weber to succeed Padilla as California secretary of state". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 19, 2021. Retrieved March 16, 2021.</ref> <ref>"Harris bursts through another barrier, becoming the first female, first Black and first South Asian vice president-elect"</ref> <ref> White, Jeremy B. (February 3, 2021). "Newsom will wait to announce California AG until Becerra confirmed". Politico PRO. Archived from the original on July 13, 2021. Retrieved March 16, 2021.</ref> bayan majalisar dattijan Amurka ta tabbatar da Xavier Becerra a matsayin Sakataren Lafiya da Ayyukan Jama'a na Amurka, Newsom ya nada Rob Bonta Attorney General na California.<ref> Hubler, Shawn (December 22, 2020). "Alex Padilla Will Replace Kamala Harris in the Senate". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 22, 2020. Retrieved December 22, 2020.</ref> wata hira da Joy Reid, an tambayi Newsom ko zai nada mace Bakar fata don maye gurbin Dianne Feinstein idan za ta yi ritaya daga Majalisar Dattawa ko kuma ta mutu kafin wa'adin ta ya kare a 2024; Newsom ya amsa da cewa zai yi.<ref> Cillizza, Chris (March 16, 2021). "Analysis: Gavin Newsom just tried to shove Dianne Feinstein out the door". CNN. Archived from the original on March 16, 2021. Retrieved March 16, 2021.</ref> <ref> , Melissa (March 16, 2021). "Gavin Newsom vows to name Black woman to Senate if Dianne Feinstein steps down". CBS News. Archived from the original on March 16, 2021. Retrieved March 16, 2021.</ref>to ya mutu a cikin Satumba 2023, kuma Newsom ya fuskanci matsin lamba don nada magaji da sauri.<ref> Karni, Annie; Hubler, Shawn (September 29, 2023). "The senator was hailed as a pioneer in politics. Here's what to know". The New York Times – via NYTimes.com.</ref> cika alkawarinsa kuma ya nada Laphonza Butler a kujerar.<ref>"Gov. Gavin Newsom chooses Laphonza Butler to fill Dianne Feinstein's Senate seat"</ref> ==Rangwame== Dangane da matakin gwamnatin Trump na murkushe bakin haure da bayanan laifuka, Newsom ya ba da fifiko ga mutanen da ke cikin wannan halin.<ref> "Gov. Gavin Newsom Suspends Death Penalty in California"</ref> yin afuwa na iya kawar da dalilan korar baƙi waɗanda idan ba haka ba za su zama mazaunin dindindin na doka. Ana ba da <ref> "Will Gavin Newsom Sign New Police Laws After George Floyd Protests? Here are His Options"</ref> afuwa daga mutanen da ke fuskantar kora a cikin gaggawa ta Hukumar Jiha ta Jiha, bisa ga dokar California ta 2018.<ref>"She faces deportation after shooting her husband. Now, Gov. Newsom could pardon her"</ref> A cikin ayyukan jin kai na farko da ya yi a matsayinsa na gwamna, Newsom ya yafe wa mutane bakwai da aka daure a baya a watan Mayun 2019, ciki har da 'yan gudun hijirar Cambodia biyu da ke fuskantar kora.[<ref>"In a rebuke to President Trump, Gov. Newsom pardons refugees facing deportation"</ref> Ya yafe wa wasu mutane uku da ke yunkurin gujewa tura su Cambodia ko [[Vietnam]] a watan Nuwamba 2019. Sun aikata laifuka daban-daban lokacin da suke da shekaru 19.<ref>"Newsom paroles immigrant, who is immediately detained by ICE"</ref>to A cikin Disamba 2019, Newsom ya ba da afuwa ga wani ɗan gudun hijirar Cambodia wanda aka tsare a kurkukun California saboda wani shari'ar kisan kai. Kodayake kungiyoyin kare haƙƙin baƙi suna son Newsom ta kawo ƙarshen manufofin da ke ba da izinin canja wurin zuwa wakilan tarayya, an juya ɗan gudun hijirar don yiwuwar korar bayan an sake shi<ref>"Newsom paroles immigrant, who is immediately detained by ICE"</ref>]<ref>"California Death Penalty Suspended; 737 Inmates Get Stay of Execution"</ref>to <ref>"Is this another way to end California's death penalty?"</ref> <ref>"California moves to dismantle nation's largest death row"</ref> <ref>Bollag, Sophia. "'Ineffective, irreversible and immoral:' Gavin Newsom halts death penalty for 737 inmates". Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved March 13, 2019.</ref> <ref>California governor on halting executions: "It's a racist system. You cannot deny that."". CBS News. Archived from the original on March 16, 2019. Retrieved March 15, 2019.</ref>to <ref>"She faces deportation after shooting her husband. Now, Gov. Newsom could pardon her"</ref>to <ref>"Gavin Newsom directs California police officers to stop training use of carotid hold"</ref> A ranar 13 ga Janairu, 2022, Newsom ya ki amincewa da yin afuwa ga Sirhan Sirhan, wanda ya kashe Robert F. Kennedy, wanda kwamitin sulhu ya ba da shawarar yin afuwa bayan ya shafe shekaru 53 a gidan yari.<ref>"California Gov. Gavin Newsom denies parole for RFK assassin Sirhan Sirhan"</ref> Newsom ya rubuta op-ed ga jaridar Los Angeles Times yana mai cewa Sirhan "har yanzu ba shi da basirar da za ta hana shi yanke irin hukunci mai hatsari da barna da ya yanke a baya."<ref>."Calif. Gov. Newsom denies parole for Sirhan Sirhan, convicted of Robert F. Kennedy assassination"</ref> <ref>"Is this another way to end California's death penalty?"</ref> <ref>Los Angeles Times</ref> <ref>"California Gov. Newsom signs sweeping police reform bills, will strip badges from officers for misconduct"</ref> <ref>"Is this another way to end California's death penalty?"</ref> ==Fursunonin da aka canzawa jinsi== A cikin Satumba 2020, Newsom ya sanya hannu kan dokar da ke ba da damar sanya fursunoni masu yin zina a California a gidajen yarin da suka dace da asalin jinsinsu. Anb B iya hana buƙatun ɗan ɗaurarru bisa la’akari da “lalacewar gudanarwa ko tsaro”[<ref>Willon; Alex Wigglesworth; Taryn Luna; Laura Newberry; Colleen Shalby (March 16, 2020). "Coronavirus cases spike to 94 in L.A. County as officials issue more emergency restrictions". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 17, 2020. Retrieved March 17, 2020.</ref> <ref>.gatherings, restaurant meals in California now, Gavin Newsom directs". The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original on March 17, 2020. Retrieved March 17, 2020.</ref> Dangane da mayar da martani, kungiyar 'yantar da mata ta shigar da kara tana mai cewa kudirin ya sabawa kundin tsarin mulki kuma us haifar da yabbayi mara kyau ga mata a wuraren mata.<ref>"Suit takes aim at law that lets transgender inmates choose housing based on gender identity"</ref> <ref>"Newsom signs law allowing transgender inmates to be placed in prisons according to gender identity"</ref> <ref>"Suit takes aim at law that lets transgender inmates choose housing based on gender identity"</ref> ,<ref>"Gov. Newsom signs law requiring California prisons to house transgender inmates by gender identity"</ref> <ref>, Sophia (June 18, 2020). "Gavin Newsom issues statewide mask order: Californians must wear face coverings in public". Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original on June 21, 2020. Retrieved June 28, 2020.</ref> <ref> Governor Newsom Declares State of Emergency to Help State Prepare for Broader Spread of COVID-19" (Press release). California Office of the Governor. March 4, 2020. Archived from the original on March 9, 2020. Retrieved March 9, 2020.</ref> <ref>Grand Princess cruise ship at center of coronavirus fight amid concerns about spread". Los Angeles Times. March 4, 2020. Archived from the original on March 9, 2020. Retrieved March 12, 2020.</ref> Dalilin da ya bayyana shi ne don taimakawa California ta shirya don ɗaukar yaduwar COVID-19.<ref>Los Angeles Times</ref> Sanarwar gaggawar ta baiwa hukumomin jihar damar samun saukin sayan kayan aiki da ayyuka, raba bayanai kan majiyyata da kuma rage hani kan amfani da kadarorin gwamnati da wuraren aiki. Newsom ya kuma ba da sanarwar cewa za a ba da fifiko ga manufofin rage matsuguni na jihar 108,000 da ba su da matsuguni, tare da yin gagarumin yunƙuri na mayar da su cikin gida.<ref>"An unexpected side effect of the coronavirus? A new urgency about helping homeless people"</ref> <ref> coverings required in public spaces" (PDF). Official California State Government Website. June 18, 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 18, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2020.</ref> ed gundumomin [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan hukumomi]] don yanke shawarar kansu kan rufe makarantu, amma sun yi amfani da umarnin zartarwa don tabbatar da biyan bukatun ɗalibai ko makarantarsu ta kasance a buɗe ko a'a. Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka ta amince da bukatar gwamnatin Newsom ta ba da sabis na abinci yayin rufe makarantu, wanda ya haɗa da iyalai waɗanda za su iya karɓar waɗannan abincin a ɗakunan karatu, wuraren shakatawa, ko wasu wuraren da ba a harabar harabar. Kusan kashi 80% na ɗalibai a makarantun jama'a na California suna samun abinci kyauta ko rahusa. <ref>Los Angeles Times</ref> majalisa ba ta kasance cikin zama ba.<ref>"Newsom orders more aid to California campuses shuttered by coronavirus, opting not to close schools statewide"</ref> <ref>"Column: In the coronavirus crisis, California isn't under one-party rule, it's under one-man rule"</ref> A ranar 28 ga Afrilu, Newsom, tare da gwamnonin Oregon da Washington, sun ba da sanarwar "hanyar raba hanya" don sake buɗe tattalin arzikinsu.[<ref>"Washington, Oregon and California announce Western states pact". Seattle Weekly. April 13, 2020. Archived from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved April 29, 2020.,</ref>to,<ref>Washington, Oregon, California announce coronavirus pact". Q13 FOX News. April 13, 2020. Archived from the original on April 14, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.</ref> Gwamnatinsa ta zayyana mahimman alamomi don sauya wa'adin zamansa a gida, gami da ikon sa ido sosai da bin diddigin abubuwan da za su iya faruwa, hana kamuwa da cutar mutane masu haɗari, ƙara ƙarfin tiyata a asibitoci, haɓaka hanyoyin warkewa, tabbatar da nesantar jiki a makarantu, s<ref>"California will 'do the right thing' when lifting stay-at-home orders, Newsom says"</ref> Shirin k<ref> Myers, John (April 28, 2020). "Some California businesses could reopen within weeks as state fights coronavirus, Newsom says". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on April 28, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2020.</ref> karshen rufewa yana da matakai hudu<ref>Mossburg, Cheri; Cole, Devan (April 28, 2020). "California governor outlines state's phased reopening plan". CNN. Archived from the original on April 29, 2020. Retrieved April 29, 2020.</ref> ]] Newsom ya jaddada cewa sauƙaƙe ƙuntatawa zai dogara ne akan bayanai, ba kwanan wata ba, yana mai cewa, "Za mu kafa tsarin sake buɗewa a kan gaskiya da bayanai, ba bisa akida ba. Ba abin da muke so ba. Ba abin da muke fata ba. <ref>Savidge, Nico (April 4, 2020). "Coronavirus: Will fans pack NFL stadiums for week 1? Don't count on it, Gov. Newsom says". The Mercury News. Archived from the original on July 13, 2021. Retrieved April 4, 2020.</ref> Na dawowar Major League Baseball da NFL , ya ce, "Zan yi tafiya a hankali a cikin wannan tsammanin. "<ref>Luna, Tarlyn (May 4, 2020). "Gov. Gavin Newsom says reopening California will begin this week". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on May 4, 2020. Retrieved May 4, 2020.</ref> <ref>"California county sheriff says he won't enforce Newsom's coronavirus mask order". FoxNews. June 19, 2020. Archived from the original on June 19, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2020.</ref> A farkon watan Mayu, Newsom ya ba da sanarwar cewa wasu dillalai na iya sake buɗewa don ɗauka. Yawancin mutanen California sun amince da yadda Newsom ke tafiyar da rikicin kuma sun fi damuwa da sake buɗewa da wuri fiye da latti, amma an yi zanga-zanga da zanga-zangar adawa da waɗannan manufofin.<ref>, German (July 6, 2020). "How California went from a coronavirus success story to a worrying new hot spot". Vox. Archived from the original on July 6, 2020. Retrieved July 7, 2020.</ref> <ref>Mossburg, Cheri; Kelly, Caroline (May 8, 2020). "All California voters to receive mail-in ballot for November election, but in-person voting will remain". CNN. Archived from the original on May 9, 2020. Retrieved May 9, 2020.</ref> California ita ce jiha ta farko a cikin ƙasar da ta himmatu wajen aika wasiku ga duk waɗanda suka yi rajista don babban zaɓe na watan Nuwamba.<ref>Three Republican groups sue California governor over mail-in-vote order". Reuters. May 26, 2020. Archived from the original on May 26, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.</ref> <ref>Myers, John; Wigglesworth, Alex; Newberry, Laura; Holland, Gale (June 28, 2020). "Newsom orders bars closed in 7 California counties including L.A. due to coronavirus spread". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 29, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2020.</ref> <ref> "How California went from a rapid reopening to a second closing in one month"</ref> a ranar 18 ga Yuni, Newsom ya sanya suturar fuska ta zama tilas ga duk Californians a ƙoƙarin rage yaduwar COVID-19.<ref>"COVID vaccine rollout: Latest numbers, updates for California and the Sacramento area". The Sacramento Bee. 2021. Archived from the original on January 21, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2021.</ref> ][<ref>"How California went from a rapid reopening to a second closing in one month"</ref> ] Yin tilastawa zai kasance ga masu kasuwanci, kamar yadda hukumomin tabbatar da doka na gida ke kallon rashin bin doka a matsayin ƙaramin laifi.<ref> coverings required in public spaces" (PDF). Official California State Government Website. June 18, 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 18, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2020.</ref> <ref>Myers, John; Wigglesworth, Alex; Newberry, Laura; Holland, Gale (June 28, 2020). "Newsom orders bars closed in 7 California counties including L.A. due to coronavirus spread". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 29, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2020.</ref> ==Annoba da agaji== Newsom ya sa ido kan yadda aka fara fitar da alluran rigakafin jinkirin; California tana da ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarancin adadin allurar rigakafi a cikin ƙasar nan da Janairu 2021, <ref>"COVID vaccine rollout: Latest numbers, updates for California and the Sacramento area". The Sacramento Bee. 2021. Archived from the original on January 21, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2021</ref>kuma ta yi amfani da kusan kashi 30% na allurar rigakafin da take da ita, wanda ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa fiye da sauran jihohi, zuwa 20 ga Janairu.<ref>.Vaccine Chaos: Californians Scramble For Shots Amid Mixed Messaging". KPBS Public Media. January 20, 2021. Archived from the original on February 4, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2021.</ref> Newsom yana da ƙimar amincewa da kashi 64% a cikin Satumba 2020, amma a watan Fabrairun 2021 UC Berkeley Cibiyar Nazarin Gwamnati ta gano cewa ƙimar amincewarsa ya ragu zuwa 46%, tare da 48% rashin amincewa, mafi girman lokacinsa. Jaridar Los Angeles Times ta danganta wannan raguwar ra'ayin jama'a game da yadda ya gudanar da cutar.<ref> "Newsom approval plummeting with a third of voters support recall amid COVID-19 criticism, poll finds"</ref> an aAdadin allurar rigakafin ya fara karuwa a cikin Janairu, tare da sama da rabin yawan jama'a da aka yi wa cikakken rigakafin har zuwa Satumba 2021, ,<ref>"Newsom approval plummeting with a third of voters support recall amid COVID-19 criticism, poll finds". Los Angeles Times. February 2, 2021. Archived from the original on February 2, 2021. Retrieved February 3, 2021.</ref>adadin adadin #16 daga cikin jihohi 50. Kodayake gwamnatin Newsom ta zartar da wasu tsauraran takunkumin cutar sankara na kasar a cikin 2020, California tana da adadin mutuwar 29th mafi girma na duk jihohi 50 a watan Mayu 2021.,<ref>Procter, Richard (March 4, 2021). "Remember when? Timeline marks key events in California's year-long pandemic grind". CalMatters. Retrieved August 21, 2024.</ref> Monica Gandhi, farfesa a fannin likitanci a UCSF, ta ce hanyar hana California “ba ta haifar da ingantacciyar sakamako na kiwon lafiya ba”, kuma ta soki jinkirin California wajen aiwatar da sabbin shawarwarin CDC don kawar da cikakkiyar allurar rigakafi daga mafi yawan buƙatun abin rufe fuska na cikin gida, yayin da ta ce shawarar ba ta da dalilai na kimiyya kuma yana iya haifar da “lalacewar haɗin gwiwa”.<ref> Ting, Eric (May 14, 2021). "UCSF expert: California, San Francisco should 'immediately' lift mask mandates for vaccinated". Sfgate. Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved May 17, 2021</ref> <ref>California Focus: Florida or California: Which handles covid better?". May 7, 2021. Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved May 17, 2021.</ref> ==Adalci na laifuka== Hukuncin kisa Duba kuma: Hukuncin babban laifi a California<ref>Hepler, Lauren; Council, Stephen (December 22, 2020). "Who will pay for all of California's unemployment fraud?". CalMatters. Archived from the original on September 16, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2021.</ref> <ref>-1054 Public utilities: wildfires and employee protection". Archived from the original on December 21, 2021. Retrieved February 11, 2022</ref> <ref>Rittiman, Brandon (August 10, 2021). "Fire-Power-Money". Archived from the original on February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 11, 2022</ref> A ranar 13 ga Maris, 2019, shekaru uku bayan da masu kada kuri’a suka ki amincewa da soke ta da kyar,<ref>"Gov. Gavin Newsom Suspends Death Penalty in California"</ref> Newsom ya ayyana dakatar da hukuncin kisa a jihar, tare da hana duk wani kisa a jihar muddin ya ci gaba da zama gwamna. Matakin ya kuma janyo janye ka'idojin allurar kashe mutane a jihar a halin yanzu da kuma rufe majalisar zartarwa a gidan yarin San Quentin.[<ref>Bollag, Sophia. "'Ineffective, irreversible and immoral:' Gavin Newsom halts death penalty for 737 inmates". Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved March 13, 2019.</ref> A cikin wata hira da CBS This Morning, Newsom ya ce hukuncin kisa shine "tsarin wariyar launin fata ... wanda ke haifar da rashin daidaito. Tsarin ne wanda ba zan iya goyan bayan lamiri mai kyau ba."<ref>"California governor on halting executions: "It's a racist system. You cannot deny that."". CBS News. Archived from the original on March 16, 2019. Retrieved March 15, 2019.</ref> .<ref>Arango, Tim (March 12, 2019). "California Death Penalty Suspended; 737 Inmates Get Stay of Execution". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 3, 2019. Retrieved April 4, 2019.</ref> wuraren harabar. Kusan kashi 80% na ɗalibai a makarantun jama'a na California suna samun abinci kyauta ko rahusa. Wannan umarni na zartarwa ya haɗa da ci gaba da ba da kuɗi don damar koyo mai nisa da zaɓin kula da yara a lokacin lokutan aiki.<ref>"Newsom orders more aid to California campuses shuttered by coronavirus, opting not to close schools statewide"</ref> <ref>"Newsom's office crafted law protecting PG&E after company's crimes killed 84 people | FIRE – POWER – MONEY Investigation"</ref> Yayin da adadin wadanda aka tabbatar sun kamu da cutar COVID-19 a cikin jihar ya ci gaba da karuwa, a ranar 15 ga Maris, Newsom ya bukaci mutane masu shekaru 65 da haihuwa da wadanda ke da yanayin rashin lafiya da su ware kansu daga wasu. Ya kuma yi kira ga mashaya da mashaya da wuraren dandana giya da su rufe kofofinsu ga abokan ciniki. Wasu hukunce-hukuncen gida suna da kulle-kulle na wajibi<ref> Willon; Alex Wigglesworth; Taryn Luna; Laura Newberry; Colleen Shalby (March 16, 2020). "Coronavirus cases spike to 94 in L.A. County as officials issue more emergency restrictions". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 17, 2020. Retrieved March 17, 2020.</ref> An fadada rufewar zuwa gidajen sinima da kulake na lafiya. Ya nemi gidajen cin abinci da su daina ba da abinci a cikin cibiyoyinsu kuma su ba da abincin da za su ci kawai.> Umurnin nasa na zama a gida a duk fadin jihar ya zama wajibi a ranar 19 ga Maris. Ya ba da damar yin motsi a wajen gida don buƙatu ko nishaɗi, amma ana buƙatar mutane su kiyaye nesa mai aminci.<ref>Chance, Amy; Kasler, Dale (March 16, 2020). "No gatherings, restaurant meals in California now, Gavin Newsom directs". The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original on March 17, 2020. Retrieved March 17, 2020.</ref> Ayyukan "ana buƙatar kiyaye ci gaba da aiki na sassan samar da ababen more rayuwa na tarayya, ayyuka masu mahimmanci na gwamnati, makarantu, kula da yara, da gine-gine" an cire su daga cikin odar. <ref>Willon, Phil; Luna, Taryn; Fry, Hannah (March 21, 2020). "'Time to wake up,' Newsom says, again urging Californians to stay home in coronavirus fight". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 21, 2020. Retrieved March 22, 2020</ref> Muhimman ayyuka kamar shagunan miya da kantin magani sun kasance a buɗe. Newsom ya ba da kuɗin jihar don biyan matakan kariya kamar masaukin otal na asibiti da sauran ma'aikata masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke tsoron komawa gida da cutar da danginsu.<ref>"Newsom assures Californians that the state has enough ventilators in coronavirus fight"</ref>gahhgVababsnsgaaa"No gatherings, restaurant meals in California now, Gavin News <ref>"No gatherings, restaurant meals in California now, Gavin Newsom directs"</ref> ==Zamba da rashin aikinyi== A cikin Janairu 2021, jaridar Los Angeles Times ta ba da rahoton cewa gwamnatin Newsom ta karkatar da dala biliyan 11.4 ta hanyar rarraba fa'idodin rashin aikin yi ga masu da'awar da ba su cancanta ba, musamman waɗanda aka biya ta shirin Taimakon Rashin Aikin Yi na Bala'i na Tarayya.<ref>Hepler, Lauren; Council, Stephen (December 22, 2020). "Who will pay for all of California's unemployment fraud?". CalMatters. Archived from the original on September 16, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2021.</ref> Wani dala tiriliyan 19 na da'awar ya ci gaba da bincike kan zamba.<ref>McGreevy, Patrick (January 25, 2021). "California officials say unemployment fraud now totals more than $11 billion". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on September 18, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2021.</ref> Haka nan kuma masu da’awa na halal sun fuskanci tsaiko mai tsawo wajen samun fa’ida.<ref> "Editorial: California's unemployment system collapsed on Julie Su's watch"</ref> KwaHadago ta California Julie Su ce ta kula da tsarin rashin aikin yi na jihar, wanda aka nada Newsom, wanda daga baya Shugaba [[Joe Biden]] ya nada a matsayin mataimakin sakataren kwadago a watan Fabrairun 202 <ref>"Editorial: California's unemployment system collapsed on Julie Su's watch"</ref> ]<ref>California Focus: Florida or California: Which handles covid better?". May 7, 2021. Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved May 17, 2021.</ref> <ref>"UCSF expert: California, San Francisco should 'immediately' lift mask mandates for vaccinated"</ref> <ref>"Newsom hailed this 'critical' wildfire-prevention program. Two years on, it hasn't completed a single project"</ref>to <ref>House Republicans from California demand Gov. Newsom answer for unemployment failings". Los Angeles Times. February 5, 2021. Archived from the original on February 12, 2021. Retrieved February 12, 2021.</ref> Masana sun ce yawancin zamba ya samo asali ne daga kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka na kasa da kasa a kasashe 20.<ref>"California may have sent $1 billion in jobless benefits to people outside the state, D.A.s warn"</ref> <ref>, Patrick (January 15, 2021). "California unemployment fraud could top $9 billion, double previous estimate, expert warns". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 16, 2021. Retrieved January 16, 2021.</ref> ] Wani rahoto da mai binciken kudi na jihar California Elaine Howle ya fitar ya ce an bayar da dala miliyan 810 ga masu da’awar da suka shigar da karar da laifin damfara a madadin fursunonin da ke gidan yarin jihar<ref>Ronayne, Kathleen (January 29, 2021). "Unemployment Fraud Audit Creates Fresh Questions for Newsom". NBC 7 San Diego. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.</ref> <ref>"Gov. Newsom's Wildfire 'Priority Project' Didn't Contain the Lava Fire, Leaving Evacuees Stuck in Traffic". Archived from the original on August 9, 2021. Retrieved August 9, 2021</ref> <ref>"California unemployment fraud amid COVID-19 pandemic may total $2 billion, Bank of America says"</ref> A cewar The Sacramento Bee, a lokacin bazara na 2021, California ta ci bashin dala biliyan 23 ga gwamnatin tarayya don fa'idodin rashin aikin yi da aka biya yayin bala'in, wanda shine kashi 43% na duk bashin rashin aikin yi, wanda jihohi 13 ke bi a lokacin, ga gwamnatin tarayya.<ref> Park, Jeong (August 13, 2021). "California ran up a $23 billion tab for unemployment benefits. Who will pay off the debt?". The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original on December 6, 2023. Retrieved February 11, 2022.</ref> yawancin wannan basussuka ba su da alaƙa da shirye-shiryen rashin aikin yi na bala'in da gwamnatin tarayya ke bayarwa waɗanda suka fuskanci yawancin zamba, kuma a maimakon haka ya kasance saboda dogon lokaci da rashin aikin yi na California a lokacin bala'in.<ref>"California unemployment debt: How to dig out of a $20 billion hole?"</ref> <ref>"California Gov. Gavin Newsom declares state of emergency due to increased wildfire risk"</ref> <ref>, Maanvi (August 19, 2020). "California wildfires: thousands evacuate as 'siege' of flames overwhelms state". The Guardian. Archived from the original on August 19, 2020. Retrieved August 19, 2020</ref> <ref>Fuller, Thomas; Taylor, Derrick Bryson (October 16, 2020). "In Rare Move, Trump Administration Rejects California's Request for Wildfire Relief". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 16, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2020.</ref> <ref>Newsom Misled the Public About Wildfire Prevention Efforts Ahead of Worst Fire Season on Record". Archived from the original on July 12, 2021. Retrieved July 12, 2021.</ref> <ref>"As Lawmakers Indefinitely Postpone Wildfire Oversight Hearing, Internal Emails Reveal Cal Fire Chief Ordered Key Document Pulled from the Internet"</ref> ==Makamashi da muhalli== Don ƙarin ɗaukar hoto na wannan batu, duba manufofin Canjin Yanayi na California da Karɓar Ruwa a cikin Amurka.<ref>"End oil drilling permits? + Equality California union breakthrough + Group seeks Newsom vetoes"</ref> <ref>Hubler, Shawn (April 23, 2021). "California's governor seeks to ban new fracking and halt oil production, but not immediately". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 30, 2022.</ref> Newsom yayi magana game da canjin yanayi a Wuta ta Arewa, Satumba 2020 Bayan ya hau kan karagar mulki a shekarar 2019, Newsom ya gaji Brown a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kungiyar hadin kan yanayi ta Amurka. A watan Satumba na 2019, Newsom ya ki amincewa da SB 1, wanda zai kiyaye kariyar muhalli a matakin jiha wanda aka saita don komawa cikin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin manufofin muhalli na gwamnatin Trump.<ref>Taryn (September 25, 2019). "Newsom will announce new plans for a satellite to track climate change". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 6, 2019. Retrieved October</ref> A cikin Fabrairu 2020, gwamnatin Newsom ta kai karar hukumomin tarayya kan koma baya don kare kifin da ke cikin hadari a cikin Kogin Sacramento-San Joaquin a cikin 2019.<ref>Boxall, Bettina (November 22, 2019). "Newsom administration sends mixed signals on delta endangered species protections". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on November</ref> <ref>"Attorney General Becerra Files Lawsuit Against Trump Administration for Failing to Protect Endangered Species in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers"</ref> <ref>"Gov. Gavin Newsom fires top official over fracking permits — but won't ban the oil wells"</ref> <ref>"Environmentalists plan lawsuit challenging Newsom over oil and gas drilling permits"</ref> <ref>"Gavin Newsom Sued for 'Completely Unacceptable' Approval of Oil and Gas Projects in California"</ref> <ref>"Gov. Gavin Newsom fires top official over fracking permits — but won't ban the oil wells"</ref> <ref>"California Governor Gavin Newsom, despite pledge, signed 1,709 oil and gas production permits"</ref> Newsom ya halarci taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Ayyukan Yanayi na 2019, inda ya yi magana game da California a matsayin jagorar yanayi saboda ayyukan gwamnonin da ke gabansa.[<ref>"Newsom's address to the Democratic National Convention, emphasizing climate change and praising Joe Biden and Kamala Harris". ABC News. August 21, 2020. Archived from the original on August 23, 2020. Retrieved August 23, 2020.</ref> <ref> "Defying environmentalists, Newsom vetoes bill to block Trump's Endangered Species Act rollback"</ref> A cikin watan Agusta 2020, ya yi jawabi ga Babban Taron Dimokuradiyya na 2020. Jawabin nasa ya yi tsokaci kan sauyin yanayi da kuma gobarar daji da ta yi kamari a California a <ref>"Gov. Gavin Newsom fires top official over fracking permits — but won't ban the oil wells"</ref> lokacin.<ref> "Newsom's address to the Democratic National Convention, emphasizing climate change and praising Joe Biden and Kamala Harris"</ref> ranar 23 ga Satumba, 2020, Newsom ya rattaba hannu kan wani umarni na zartarwa don kawar da siyar da motocin da ke amfani da mai kuma yana buƙatar duk sabbin motocin fasinja da aka sayar a cikin jihar su zama babu hayaki nan da 2035.<ref>Grandoni, Dino (September 23, 2020). "California to phase out sales of new gas-powered cars by 2035". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.</ref> Kudiddigar da ya sanya hannu a cikin watan Satumba tare da mayar da hankali kan muhalli sun haɗa da hukumar nazarin hakar lithium a kusa da Tekun Salton.<ref>Olalde, Mark (September 30, 2020). "Gov. Gavin Newsom signs off on new commission to study Salton Sea lithium extraction". The Desert Sun. Archived from the original on October 1, 2020. Retrieved September 30, 2020.</ref> <ref>"Approvals for new oil and gas wells up in California"</ref> <ref> Is California Approving So Many New Oil Wells?". Bloomberg.com. November 18, 2019. Retrieved May 30, 2022.</ref> ==manazarta== 02ydifxn726bra3gfbhqmo50oeqocpq 0 102887 975126 954834 2026-11-02T06:09:44Z Zahrah0 14848 975126 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="color: #202122;background-color: khaki; font-size: 125%;" |"Ka nemi gafara" |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:ApologizeiTunesCover.PNG|frameless]] |- class="description" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: khaki;" |[[Single (music)|Ɗaya daga cikin]] [[OneRepublic|Jamhuriyar Ɗaya]] |- class="description" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: khaki;" |daga kundin Dreaming Out Loud''[[Dreaming Out Loud|Mafarki da Girma]]'' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An sake shi | class="infobox-data plainlist" |Afrilu 30, 2006 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An rubuta shi | class="infobox-data plainlist" |2006 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Music genre|Irin wannan]] | class="infobox-data category hlist" | * [[Pop rock]]<ref><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="1578">[https://www.allmusic.com/album/dreaming-out-loud-mw0000497237 "Dreaming Out Loud - OneRepublic &#x7C; Songs, Reviews, Credits &#x7C; AllMusic"]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="1579">''[[AllMusic]]''.</span></cite></ref> * [[Soft rock|dutse mai laushi]]<ref name="AllMusic">Kellman, Andy.&#x20;</ref> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Tsawon | class="infobox-data plainlist" |<span class="duration"><span class="min">3</span>:<span class="s">28</span></span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Record label|Alamar]] | class="infobox-data hlist" |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="hlist"> * Mosley * Interscope </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">Mawallafin waƙa</span> | class="infobox-data hlist" |Ryan Tedder |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">Masu samarwa</span> | class="infobox-data hlist" |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="hlist"> * Greg Wells * Ryan Tedder * Yankin Timbaland </div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: khaki;" |Jerin lokaci na 'yan wasa na OneRepublic&#x20; |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" | {| style="background: transparent; color: inherit; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; display: inline-table;" |- style="line-height: 1.4em;" | style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0;" | | style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding:.2em .1em;" |"Ka gafarta" (2006) <br /> | style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em;" |"Stop and Stare" (2007) <br /> |} |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-below" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: khaki" |Samfurin sauti |- class="haudio" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-top:1em" |<div style="display:inline-block;">[[File:OneRepublic_-_Apologize.ogg|center|frameless]]</div><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="hlist"> * layi * taimako </div> |} ""Yi hakuri" waka ce da Ryan Tedder ya rubuta, wacce ya fara fitowa a kundi na biyu na Timbaland Shock Value (2007).  Daga nan aka sake shi a matsayin na uku na kundi (na hudu a Ostiraliya), tare da ainihin rikodin ta OneRepublic.  Haka kuma ya zama na farko na farko don kundi na farko na OneRepublic Dreaming Out Loud (2007), wanda Greg Wells ya samar.  Sigar Timbaland ta tsallake solo na guitar bayan aya ta biyu a cikin asali, kuma ya haɗa da ƙarin layin kaɗa, sabbin muryoyin goyan baya, da ƙarin samfuran sauti, ban da haɗar sauti da wasu ƙananan canje-canje.  Waƙar ita ce mafi girman wasan kwaikwayo na rediyo da aka buga a tarihin Mainstream Top 40 Chart a Amurka, tare da wasan kwaikwayo 10,394 a cikin mako guda, har sai da Leona Lewis ta "Bleeding Love" ta karya rikodin ta, wanda kuma Tedder ya rubuta.. Waƙar ta kasance babbar nasara a duniya, ta kai lamba ɗaya a cikin ƙasashe 16, gami da Ostiraliya, Austria, Kanada, Jamus, Italiya, New Zealand, Sweden, Turkiyya, da Netherlands, tare da kasancewa a lamba ɗaya na makonni takwas a jere a kan jadawalin <nowiki><i id="mwKg">Billboard</i></nowiki> Pop 100. Waƙar ta kai lamba ta biyu a kan <nowiki><i id="mwLA">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100, ta kasance a saman 10 na makonni 25, kuma ta kwashe makonni 13 a lamba daya a Kanada. "Gafara" sun sami band ɗin kyautar kyautar Grammy Award don Mafi kyawun Ayyukan Pop ta Duo ko Ƙungiya tare da Vocals kuma an sanya shi lambar 50 a jerin jerin waƙoƙin Billboard Hot 100 na All-Time Top Songs daga ginshiƙi na farko na shekaru 50. Ya shafe makonni 25 a jere a saman 10, mafi tsayin daka a can don kowane waƙa ta hanyar "Sta3"  Manyan goma daga shekarar alif 1999 zuwa shekara ta 2000. [1] Hakanan an sanya shi lamba 10 akan Waƙoƙin Goma 100 na Billboard == Bidiyo na kiɗa == An yi fim din bidiyo na hukuma da ke da alaƙa da remix a ranar 19 ga Satumba, 2007, kuma an sake shi a farkon Oktoba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=OneRepublic-ALBUM OUT NOW!!!! - City of Angels, California – Rock / Alternative / Pop |url=http://www.myspace.com/onerepublic |access-date=October 24, 2011 |publisher=[[Myspace]]}}</ref> An fara bidiyon ne a kan VH1's Top 20 Countdown a ranar 27 ga Oktoba, 2007. Robert Hales ne ya ba da umarnin bidiyon kuma an harbe shi a cikin ɗakin rikodin da ke nuna OneRepublic yana yin waƙar. Bidiyo ya kuma haɗa da al'amuran daga wani biki na Sabuwar Shekara ta Hauwa'u, wanda ya hada da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Brian A. Pollack.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 9, 2007 |title=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic – Apologize (CD) at Discogs |url=http://www.discogs.com/release/1220405 |access-date=September 15, 2011 |publisher=Discogs}}</ref> A cikin sigar ta uku ta bidiyon, wanda Robert Hales ya ba da umarni kuma ya haɗa da remix ɗin, an nuna Timbaland yana sake maimaita waƙar da kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Video |url=http://www.evertube.com/videos/watch/KHfyDxy8i5o/timbaland-apologize-official-music-video.html |access-date=October 24, 2011 |website=Evertube.com}}</ref> Wani bidiyon Turai yana nuna shirye-shiryen bidiyo na fim din ''Keinohrhasen'', tare da Til Schweiger . An kuma samar da bidiyon Jafananci na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Yana da nau'ikan fim iri ɗaya kamar na asali amma yana da ƙarin al'amuran daga kusurwoyi daban-daban na kyamara. Har ila yau, yana nuna hotunan mutane suna fadowa da iyo a cikin iska a hankali. Bidiyo na kiɗa a halin yanzu yana da ra'ayoyi miliyan 758.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 16, 2009 |title=Timbaland - Apologize ft. OneRepublic |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZSM3w1v-A_Y |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013123407/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZSM3w1v-A_Y |archive-date=October 13, 2022 |access-date=Oct 16, 2022 |publisher=YouTube }}</ref> == Ayyukan jadawalin == "Apologize" shi ne fashewar OneRepublic. A Amurka, "Apologize" ya kai lamba ta biyu a kan ''Billboard'' Hot 100 na makonni huɗu da ba a jere ba. Ya shafe makonni 11 a lamba uku da makonni 25 a cikin saman 10 kuma ya kai lamba uku na makonni 10 a kan Hot 100 Airplay. Har ila yau, ya hau kan ''Billboard'' Pop 100 kuma ya zama na uku daga Shock Value don ya hau kan ginshiƙi. Har ila yau, ya zama kundi na farko na farko a kan ''Billboard'' Adult Top 40. Har ila yau, ita ce ta biyu a jere daga Shock Value don kaiwa lamba ɗaya a rediyo na Amurka Mainstream Top 40. Ya zama waƙar goma kawai don sayar da sama da miliyan 5 a watan Mayu 2011 a Amurka. Ya zuwa watan Fabrairun 2014, ya sayar da 5,819,000. A ƙarshen shekara ta 2009, an sanya waƙar a matsayi na goma a kan jadawalin Billboard Hot 100 Decade-End, yana mai da shi waƙar da ta fi girma kuma kawai waƙar da ke saman 10 a can ba don a saman jadawalin mako-mako na Billboard Hot 100 ba. A Burtaniya, "Apologize" ya hau zuwa lamba 32 a kan ƙarfin sauke dijital kadai, kuma ya kai lamba uku. Waƙar ta shafe makonni 28 a jere a saman 40 da makonni 13 a saman 10. Waƙar ta ƙare a shekara ta 2007 a matsayin ta goma sha shida mafi girma a Burtaniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 40 Singles of the Year 2007 |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/chart/singles2007.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205090257/http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/chart/singles2007.shtml |archive-date=December 5, 2008 |access-date=December 30, 2007 |website=BBC Radio 1 |publisher=[[BBC Music]]}}</ref> A Ostiraliya, ɗayan ya fara ne a lamba 10 a kan ARIA Singles Chart, kuma ya kai lamba ɗaya. Ya kasance a saman makonni takwas a jere, Ruwa ARIA ta tabbatar da shi 4× Platinum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 50 Singles Chart – Australian Record Industry Association |url=http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display.asp?chart=1U50 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071231022347/http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display.asp?chart=1U50 |archive-date=December 31, 2007 |access-date=October 24, 2011 |website=Ariacharts.com.au}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ARIA Charts – End Of Year Charts – Top 100 Singles 2007 |url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-top-100-singles-2007.htm |access-date=May 13, 2015 |publisher=ARIA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Steffen Hung |title=Timbaland presents OneRepublic – Apologize |url=http://www.australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Timbaland+presents+OneRepublic&titel=Apologize&cat=s |access-date=October 24, 2011 |website=australian-charts.com}}</ref> Waƙar ta kai lamba ɗaya a kan Hot 100 na Kanada da New Zealand RIANZ Chart . Ita ce mafi yawan saukewa a kowane lokaci a Ostiraliya da New Zealand. A kan jadawalin Hot 100 Singles na Turai na ''Billboard'', waƙar ta fara ne a lamba 16, yana mai da shi matsayi mafi girma na kowane sabon aiki a tarihin ginshiƙi. Daga baya ya shiga saman 10. Waƙar ta tafi zinariya a Rasha tare da 100,000 kofe sayar.<ref name="bare_url">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://2m-online.ru/news/detail.php?ID=5659 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002100728/http://2m-online.ru/news/detail.php?ID=5659 |archive-date=2 October 2013 |access-date=9 August 2022 |website=2m-online.ru}}</ref> A Jamus, an sauke waƙar sau 437,000, yana mai da ita ta uku mafi kyawun saukewa a kowane lokaci bayan [[Lady Gaga]]'s "Poker Face" da Lena Meyer-Landrut's "Satellite".<ref>{{Cite web |title='Poker Face' knackt 500.000er-Download-Marke |url=http://www.gfk-entertainment.com/news/poker-face-knackt-500000er-download-marke.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129073337/http://www.gfk-entertainment.com/news/poker-face-knackt-500000er-download-marke.html |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |access-date=September 15, 2011 |website=Media-control.de}}</ref> == Jerin waƙoƙi == {{Col-begin}} {{Col-2}} *'''European CD single''' #"Apologize" (Timbaland presents OneRepublic) — 3:04 #"Apologize" (OneRepublic version) — 3:25 *'''European enhanced CD single''' #"Apologize" (Timbaland presents OneRepublic) — 3:04 #"Apologize" (OneRepublic version) — 3:25 #"[[The Way I Are]]" (OneRepublic remix) — 3:31 #"Apologize" (video) {{Col-2}} *'''UK CD single''' #"Apologize" (Album) — 3:04 #"[[Give It to Me (Timbaland song)|Give It to Me (Laugh at Em)]]" (remix featuring [[Justin Timberlake]] and [[Jay-Z]]) [radio edit] — 3:16 *'''UK 12" single''' #"Apologize" (Album) — 3:04 #"Apologize" (Instrumental) — 3:04 #"Give It to Me (Laugh at Em)" (remix featuring Justin Timberlake and Jay-Z) [explicit] — 3:20 #"Give It to Me (Laugh at Em)" (remix instrumental) — 3:17 {{Col-end}} == Ma'aikata == * Ryan Tedder - jagora murya, murya ta baya, piano&nbsp; * Zach Filkins - jagora guitar, viola, goyon baya murya&nbsp; * Drew Brown - maɓallan, guitar, glockenspiel&nbsp; * Eddie Fisher - drum, percussion&nbsp; * Brent Kutzle - cello, bass&nbsp; == Rufin == * Mawallafin Australiya Natalie Gauci ta raira waƙar a cikin fitowar karshe na kakar wasa ta biyar ta Australian Idol a cikin 2007. * Luke Bryan ya rufe "Apologize" a kan Doin 'My Thing . <ref name="Luke Bryan Covers Apologize">{{Cite web |title=Luke Bryan's country cover of OneRepublic's 'Apologize': Hear it exclusively on EW.com! |url=http://music-mix.ew.com/2009/09/24/luke-bryan-onerepublic-apologize-exclusive/ |access-date=March 11, 2022 |website=Music-mix.ew.com |archive-date=January 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122171830/http://music-mix.ew.com/2009/09/24/luke-bryan-onerepublic-apologize-exclusive/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Kris Allen ya rufe "Apologize" a karo na takwas na American Idol . * Ƙungiyar symphonic metal ta Dutch A cikin Temptation ta rufe waƙar a matsayin wani ɓangare na gabatarwar rediyo na mako-mako don bikin cika shekaru 15, Elements . Waƙar kuma an nuna ta a cikin kundin murfin su The Q-Music Sessions . * Kungiyar Sweden ta All Ends ta rufe waƙar a cikin kundin su All Ends . * Ƙungiyar post-hardcore ta Kanada Silverstein ta rufe waƙar a kan kundin tarin Punk Goes Pop 2. * A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2010, Soomo Publishing ta ɗora wani nau'i na wannan waƙa, mai taken "Too Late to Apologize: A Declaration" zuwa [[YouTube]], wanda ke da ra'ayoyi sama da miliyan 14 har zuwa ranar 21 ga Fabrairun, 2025.<ref name="Too Late to Apologize: A Declaration">{{Cite web |date=February 2, 2010 |title=Too Late to Apologize: A Declaration |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZfRaWAtBVg |access-date=March 11, 2022 |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> * Dan wasan kwaikwayo da mawaƙa Willam ya fitar da murfin murya a cikin 2013 mai taken "RuPaulogize" inda ta tattauna abubuwan da ta samu da rashin cancanta a kakar wasa ta huɗu ta RuPaul's Drag Race . Wanda ya lashe kakar Sharon Needles ya buga RuPaul. * Mawakin kasar Kacey Musgraves da Pixie Lott sun kuma rufe "Apologize". * [[Taylor Swift]] ta rufe wannan waƙa a kan Speak Now World Tour a matsayin mashup tare da waƙoƙinta "Back to December" da "Ba You're Not Sorry". == Shafuka == {{Col-begin}} {{Col-2}} === Weekly charts === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |- !scope="col"| Chart (2007–2008) !scope="col"| Peak<br />position |- {{single chart|Australia|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Australiaurban|1|url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20080520233743/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20080520-0000/issue948.pdf|urltitle=Issue 948|rowheader=true|access-date=March 4, 2022}} |- {{single chart|Austria|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Flanders|2|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Wallonia|2|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Canada|1|artist=OneRepublic|song=Apologize|artistid={{BillboardID|Timbaland}}|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardcanadaac|2|artist=OneRepublic|song=Apologize|artistid={{BillboardID|Timbaland}}|access-date=June 24, 2020|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardcanadachrtop40|1|artist=OneRepublic|song=Apologize|artistid={{BillboardID|Timbaland}}|access-date=June 24, 2020|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardcanadahotac|1|artist=OneRepublic|song=Apologize|artistid={{BillboardID|Timbaland}}|access-date=June 24, 2020|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|CIS|1|artist=Timbaland & OneRepublic|song=Apologize|songid=9625|access-date=February 10, 2025|rowheader=true|refname=CIS}} |- !scope="row"|Croatia Airplay ([[Top lista]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hrt.hr/hr/top20/maineng.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120045246/http://www.hrt.hr:80/hr/top20/strana_lista.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 20, 2007|title=Top Lista Hrvatskog Radija|publisher=[[Croatian Radiotelevision]]|access-date=March 14, 2021}}</ref> |3 |- {{single chart|Czech Republic|2|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|year=2008|week=08|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Denmark|2|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- !scope="row"|[[European Hot 100 Singles]] (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Hits of the World: Eurocharts|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|volume=119|issue=48|page=81|date=December 1, 2007}}</ref> |1 |- {{single chart|Finland|4|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|France|7|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Germany|1|artist=Timbaland presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|songid=303692|access-date=October 16, 2018|rowheader=true}} |- !scope="row"|Germany ([[German Airplay Chart|Airplay Chart]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiocharts.com/html/charts_de_main.htm |title=Radio-Charts Deutschland – Chartwoche 02/2008 |work=MusicTrace |publisher=RadioCharts.com |language=de |access-date=June 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080121190030/http://www.radiocharts.com/html/charts_de_main.htm |archive-date=January 21, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |1 |- {{single chart|Hungary|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|year=2008|week=34|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Hungarydance|29|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|year=2008|week=10|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Ireland2|2|artist=Timbaland featuring One Republic|song=Apologize|access-date=January 15, 2020|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Italy|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Dutch40|1|artist=Timbaland presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|week=52|year=2007|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Dutch100|2|artist=Timbaland presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=December 17, 2019|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|New Zealand|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Norway|2|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- !scope="row"|Poland ([[Polish Music Charts|Airplay Chart]])<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106121714/http://www.nielsenmusiccontrol.com/index_pol|title=Nielsen Music Control|archive-date=January 6, 2008|url=http://www.nielsenmusiccontrol.com/index_pol}}</ref> |1 |- !scope="row"|[[Portugal Digital Songs]] (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Portugal Digital Songs: Feb. 02, 2008|url=https://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2008-02-02/portugal|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=September 3, 2018|archive-date=2018-09-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903222318/https://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2008-02-02/portugal|url-status=dead}}</ref> |1 |- ! scope="row"| Russia Airplay ([[TopHit]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/weekly/20080118-20080124|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Weekly Chart: Jan 24, 2008|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=July 1, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250701080135/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/weekly/20080118-20080124|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- {{single chart|Scotland|6|artist=OneRepublic|song=Apologize|date=20071117|access-date=November 18, 2021|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Slovakia|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|year=2007|week=45|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Sweden|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Switzerland|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- !scope="row"|Turkey (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com.tr/pages/Turkiye_top20.aspx|title=Turkish Top 20|magazine=[[Billboard Türkiye|Billboard]]|access-date=September 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512070737/http://www.billboard.com.tr:80/pages/Turkiye_top20.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 12, 2008}}</ref> |1 |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay ([[TopHit]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20071221-20071227|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Weekly Chart: Dec 27, 2007|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805044837/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20071221-20071227|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- {{single chart|UK|3|artist=OneRepublic|song=Apologize|date=20071117|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardhot100|2|artist=Timbaland|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardadultcontemporary|4|artist=Timbaland|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardadultpopsongs|1|artist=Timbaland|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboarddanceclubplay|35|artist=Timbaland|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardrandbhiphop|60|artist=Timbaland|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardpopsongs|1|artist=Timbaland|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardrhythmic|5|artist=Timbaland|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |} {|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2009 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2009) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- {{single chart|CIS|180|artist=Timbaland & OneRepublic|song=Apologize|songid=9625|access-date=February 10, 2025|rowheader=true|refname=CIS}} |- ! scope="row"| Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref name="CIS"/> | 173 |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref name="CIS"/> | 119 |- |} {|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2010 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2010) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- {{single chart|CIS|91|artist=Timbaland & OneRepublic|song=Apologize|songid=9625|access-date=February 10, 2025|rowheader=true|refname=CIS}} |- ! scope="row"| Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/weekly/20101105-20101111|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Weekly Chart: Nov 11, 2010|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805044854/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/weekly/20101105-20101111|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 89 |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20101119-20101125|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Weekly Chart: Nov 25, 2010|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805045045/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20101119-20101125|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 91 |- |} {|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2011 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2011) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- {{single chart|CIS|182|artist=Timbaland & OneRepublic|song=Apologize|songid=9625|access-date=February 10, 2025|rowheader=true|refname=CIS}} |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20110506-20110512|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Weekly Chart: May 12, 2011|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=June 15, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250615174027/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20110506-20110512|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 83 |- |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2012 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2012) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref name="CIS"/> | 121 |- |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2013 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2013) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref name="CIS"/> | 108 |- |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2014 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2014) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20140221-20140227|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Weekly Chart: Feb 27, 2014|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=January 26, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126044408/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20140221-20140227|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 31 |- |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2015 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2015) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20150213-20150219|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Weekly Chart: Feb 19, 2015|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805044827/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20150213-20150219|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 87 |- |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2020 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2020) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref name="CIS"/> | 150 |- |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2022 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2022) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref name="CIS"/> | 108 |- |} {|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2023 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2023) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Estonia Airplay ([[TopHit]])<ref name="CIS"/> | 145 |- ! scope="row"| Romania Airplay ([[TopHit]])<ref name="CIS"/> | 142 |- |} {|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2024 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2024) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Estonia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ee/weekly/20240426-20240502|title=Top Radio Hits Estonia Weekly Chart: Feb 29, 2024|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=December 3, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203003453/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ee/weekly/20240426-20240502|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 79 |- ! scope="row"| Moldova Airplay ([[TopHit]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/md/weekly/20241129-20241205|title=Top Radio Hits Moldova Weekly Chart: Dec 5, 2024|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=December 8, 2024|archive-date=December 10, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210195857/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/md/weekly/20241129-20241205|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 43 |- |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2025 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2025) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Estonia Airplay (TopHit)<ref name="CIS"/> | 155 |- |} {{Col-2}} ===Monthly charts=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center" |+ 2007 monthly chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"| Chart (2007) ! scope="col"| Peak<br />position |- ! scope="row"| [[Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS]] Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/monthly/200712|title=Top Radio Hits Global Monthly Chart: December 2007|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805044829/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/monthly/200712|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 5 |- ! scope="row"| Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/monthly/200712|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Monthly Chart: December 2007|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805230449/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/monthly/200712|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 5 |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/monthly/200712|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Monthly Chart: December 2007|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805044758/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/monthly/200712|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 6 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center" |+ 2008 monthly chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"| Chart (2008) ! scope="col"| Peak<br />position |- ! scope="row"| CIS Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/monthly/200801|title=Top Radio Hits Global Monthly Chart: January 2008|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805044836/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/monthly/200801|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/monthly/200801|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Monthly Chart: January 2008|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805044751/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/monthly/200801|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/monthly/200801|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Monthly Chart: January 2008|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=October 26, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251026082147/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/monthly/200801|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 13 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ 2014 monthly chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"| Chart (2014) ! scope="col"| Peak<br />position |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/monthly/201402|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Monthly Chart: February 2014|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=November 27, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127181754/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/monthly/201402|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 93 |} === Year-end charts === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" | Chart (2007) ! scope="col" | Position |- !scope="row"|Australia (ARIA)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aria.com.au/charts/2007/singles-chart | title=ARIA Top 100 Singles for 2007 | publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] | access-date=September 15, 2012}}</ref> | 6 |- !scope="row"|Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 75)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.austriancharts.at/2007_single.asp |title=Jahreshitparade 2007 |publisher=Hung Medien |work=austriancharts.at |access-date=September 15, 2012 |language=de |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501090330/http://www.austriancharts.at/2007_single.asp |archive-date=May 1, 2011 |df=mdy }}</ref> | 32 |- !scope="row"|[[Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS]] Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Top Radio Hits Global Annual Chart: 2007|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/annual/2007|access-date=February 10, 2025|publisher=[[TopHit]]|archive-date=January 3, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103214229/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/annual/2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 106 |- !scope="row"|European Hot 100 Singles (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/european_hot_singles.jsp|title=European Hot 100 Singles|magazine=Billboard|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513023130/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/european_hot_singles.jsp|archive-date=May 13, 2009|access-date=January 9, 2022}}</ref> | 48 |- !scope="row"|Germany (Media Control GfK)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://ki.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/~topsi/deu2007/deu_2007t.html | title=German Top 20 – The Chart Of 2007 | publisher=Universität Würzburg | access-date=September 15, 2012 | language=de | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125061939/http://ki.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/~topsi/deu2007/deu_2007t.html | archive-date=November 25, 2010}}</ref> | 32 |- !scope="row"|Ireland (IRMA)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.irma.ie/best2007.htm | title=2007 Year End Charts | publisher=[[Irish Recorded Music Association]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date=June 20, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620142325/http://irma.ie/best2007.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref> | 9 |- !scope="row"|Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.top40web.nl/jaarlijsten/jr2007.html | title=Top 40 – Jaargang 43, 2007 | publisher=[[Dutch Top 40]] Stichting Nederlandse Top 40 | access-date=October 30, 2012 | language=nl}}</ref> | 80 |- !scope="row"|New Zealand (RIANZ)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/annual-singles/2007-12-31 |title=Top Selling Singles of 2007 |publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]] |access-date=May 19, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511184208/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/?chart=2088 |archive-date=May 11, 2015 }}</ref> | 9 |- ! scope="row"|Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/annual/2007|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Annual Chart: 2007|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=April 26, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426131857/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/annual/2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 111 |- !scope="row"|Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitlistan.se/netdata/ghl002.mbr/lista?liid=43&dfom=20070001 |title=Årslista Singlar – År 2007 |publisher=[[Grammofon Leverantörernas Förening]] |access-date=September 15, 2012 |language=sv |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121150255/http://www.hitlistan.se/netdata/ghl002.mbr/lista?liid=43&dfom=20070001 |archive-date=January 21, 2016 }}</ref> | 12 |- !scope="row"|Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://swisscharts.com/year.asp?key=2007 | title=Swiss Year-End Charts 2007 | publisher=Hung Medien | work=swisscharts.com | access-date=September 15, 2012}}</ref> | 12 |- !scope="row"|Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2007|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Annual Chart: 2007|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=October 25, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251025084037/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 140 |- !scope="row"|UK Singles (OCC)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/ChartsPlusYE2007.pdf | title=End Of Year Charts: 2007 | publisher=[[UKChartsPlus]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date=July 24, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724023542/http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/ChartsPlusYE2007.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> | 16 |- !scope="row"|US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2007/hot-100-songs | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129032604/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2007/hot-100-songs | title=2007 Year End Charts – Hot 100 Songs | publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]] | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date= November 29, 2012}}</ref> | 66 |} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" | Chart (2008) ! scope="col" | Position |- !scope="row"|Australia (ARIA)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aria.com.au/charts/2008/singles-chart | title=ARIA Top 100 Singles for 2008 | publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] | access-date=September 15, 2012}}</ref> | 32 |- !scope="row"|Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 75)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.austriancharts.at/2008_single.asp |title=Jahreshitparade 2008 |publisher=Hung Medien |work=austriancharts.at |access-date=September 15, 2012 |language=de |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224110249/http://www.austriancharts.at/2008_single.asp |archive-date=December 24, 2013 }}</ref> | 2 |- !scope="row"|Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ultratop.be/nl/annual.asp?year=2008 | title=Jaaroverzichten 2008 (Singles) | publisher=Hung Medien | work=ultratop.be | access-date=September 15, 2012 | language=nl}}</ref> | 12 |- !scope="row"|Belgium (Ultratop 40 Wallonia)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ultratop.be/fr/annual.asp?year=2008 | title=Rapports Annuels 2008 (Singles) | publisher=Hung Medien | work=ultratop.be | access-date=September 15, 2012 | language=fr}}</ref> | 5 |- !scope="row"|Brazil ([[Crowley Broadcast Analysis|Crowley]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://maistocadas.mus.br/2008/|title=Brazilian Top 100 Year-End 2008|publisher=[[Crowley Broadcast Analysis]]|date=April 3, 2018|access-date=January 30, 2022}}</ref> | 11 |- !scope="row"|Canada (Canadian Hot 100)<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2008/canadian-hot-100 | title=Best of 2008: Canadian Hot 100 | publisher=Prometheus Global Media | magazine=Billboard | access-date=September 15, 2012}}</ref> | 1 |- !scope="row"|Canada AC (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|date=December 12, 2008|title=Top Canada AC Songs|magazine=[[R&R (magazine)|R&R]]|page=67}}</ref> |3 |- !scope="row"|Canada CHR/Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|date=December 12, 2008|title=Top Canada CHR/Top 40 Songs|magazine=[[R&R (magazine)|R&R]]|page=35}}</ref> | 14 |- !scope="row"|Canada Hot AC (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|date=December 12, 2008|title=Top Canada Hot AC Songs|magazine=[[R&R (magazine)|R&R]]|page=67}}</ref> |12 |- !scope="row"|CIS Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Top Radio Hits Global Annual Chart: 2008|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/annual/2008|access-date=February 10, 2025|publisher=[[TopHit]]|archive-date=January 20, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120134919/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/annual/2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 6 |- !scope="row"|European Hot 100 Singles (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2008/european-hot-100-singles | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004235856/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2008/european-hot-100-singles | title=2008 Year End Charts – European Hot 100 Singles | publisher=Prometheus Global Media | magazine=Billboard | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date=October 4, 2012}}</ref> | 1 |- !scope="row"|France (SNEP)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.snepmusique.com/fr/page-259376.xml?year=2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224181046/http://www.snepmusique.com/fr/page-259376.xml?year=2008 | title=Classement Singles – année 2008 | publisher=[[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date= December 24, 2013| language=fr}}</ref> | 46 |- !scope="row"|Germany (Media Control GfK)<ref>{{cite web| url=http://ki.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/~topsi/deu2008/deu_2008t.html| title=German Top 20 – The Chart Of 2008| publisher=Universität Würzburg| access-date=May 13, 2015| archive-date=October 19, 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019144133/http://ki.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/~topsi/deu2008/deu_2008t.html| url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- !scope="row"|Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mahasz.hu/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=eves_osszesitett_listak&id=radios&ev=2008 |title=MAHASZ Rádiós TOP 100 2008 |publisher=Rádiós Top 40 játszási lista |access-date=September 15, 2012 |language=hu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228195209/http://mahasz.hu/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=eves_osszesitett_listak&id=radios&ev=2008 |archive-date=December 28, 2010 }}</ref> | 5 |- !scope="row"|Italy (FIMI)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fimi.it/news/classifiche-ufficiali-degli-album-e-dei-dvd-musicali-piu-venduti-e-dei-singoli-piu-scaricati-dalla-rete-nel-2008 |title=Classifiche ufficiali degli Album e dei DVD musicali più venduti e dei singoli più scaricati dalla rete nel 2008 |publisher=Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana |language=it |date=13 January 2009 |access-date=7 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125064544/http://www.fimi.it/news/classifiche-ufficiali-degli-album-e-dei-dvd-musicali-piu-venduti-e-dei-singoli-piu-scaricati-dalla-rete-nel-2008 |archive-date=25 January 2016}} ''Click on "Scarica allegato" to download the zipped file containing the year-end chart files.''</ref> | 8 |- !scope="row"|Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.top40web.nl/jaarlijsten/jr2008.html | title=Top 40 – Jaargang 44, 2008 | publisher=[[Dutch Top 40]] Stichting Nederlandse Top 40 | access-date=September 15, 2012 | language=nl}}</ref> | 21 |- !scope="row"|Netherlands (Single Top 100)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dutchcharts.nl/jaaroverzichten.asp?year=2008&cat=s|title=Jaaroverzichten – Single 2008|publisher=MegaCharts|language=nl|access-date=December 17, 2019}}</ref> | 41 |- !scope="row"|Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/annual/2008|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Annual Chart: 2008|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=April 27, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427112021/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/annual/2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 7 |- !scope="row"|Spain (PROMUSICAE)<ref name=PROMUSICAE>{{cite web | url=http://www.promusicae.org/files/listasanuales/canciones/Top%2050%20CANCIONES%20%20ANUAL%202008.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130709223341/http://www.promusicae.org/files/listasanuales/canciones/Top%2050%20CANCIONES%20%20ANUAL%202008.pdf | title=Promusicae 2008 | publisher=[[PROMUSICAE]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 | language=es | archive-date = July 9, 2013}}</ref> | 36 |- !scope="row"|Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitlistan.se/netdata/ghl002.mbr/lista?liid=43&dfom=20080001 |title=Årslista Singlar – År 2008 |publisher=Grammofon Leverantörernas Förening |access-date=September 15, 2012 |language=sv |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121150254/http://www.hitlistan.se/netdata/ghl002.mbr/lista?liid=43&dfom=20080001 |archive-date=January 21, 2016 }}</ref> | 29 |- !scope="row"|Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://swisscharts.com/year.asp?key=2008 | title=Swiss Year-End Charts 2008 | publisher=Hung Medien | work=swisscharts.com | access-date=September 15, 2012}}</ref> | 1 |- !scope="row"|Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2008|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Annual Chart: 2008|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=April 21, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421184028/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 10 |- !scope="row"|UK Singles (OCC)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/ChartsPlusYE2008.pdf | title=End Of Year Charts: 2008 | publisher=UKChartsPlus | access-date=September 15, 2012 }}</ref> | 54 |- !scope="row"|US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2008/hot-100-songs | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006014155/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2008/hot-100-songs | title=2008 Year End Charts – Hot 100 Songs | publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]] | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date=October 6, 2012}}</ref> | 5 |- !scope="row"|US Adult Contemporary (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2008/adult-contemporary-songs|title=Adult Contemporary Songs – Year-End 2008|magazine=Billboard|access-date=September 22, 2019|archive-date=May 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505060044/https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2008/adult-contemporary-songs|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 3 |- !scope="row"|US Adult Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2008/adult-pop-songs|title=Adult Pop Songs – Year-End 2008|magazine=Billboard|access-date=September 22, 2019}}</ref> | 9 |- !scope="row"|US Mainstream Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2008/hot-mainstream-40-songs | title=2008 Year End Charts – Mainstream Top 40 Songs | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110803180821/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2008/hot-mainstream-40-songs | publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]] | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date=August 3, 2011}}</ref> | 4 |- !scope="row"|US Rhythmic Airplay (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2008/rhythmic-songs|title=Rhythmic Songs – Year-End 2008|magazine=Billboard|access-date=September 22, 2019}}</ref> | 24 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ 2010 year-end chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"| Chart (2010) ! scope="col"| Position |- !scope="row"|Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2010|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Annual Chart: 2010|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=October 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007182552/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 153 |- |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ 2011 year-end chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"| Chart (2011) ! scope="col"| Position |- !scope="row"|Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2011|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Annual Chart: 2011|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=October 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008012715/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 179 |- |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ 2024 year-end chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"| Chart (2024) ! scope="col"| Position |- !scope="row"|Estonia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ee/annual/2024|title=Top Radio Hits Estonia Annual Chart: 2024|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=April 30, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430145408/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ee/annual/2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 177 |- |} === Decade-end charts === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ 2000s decade-end chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"|Chart (2000–2009) ! scope="col"|Position |- !scope="row"|Australia (ARIA)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/documents/2000sDecadeChartssingles.pdf | title=ARIA Chart Sales – ARIA End of Decade Singles/Top 100 | publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association | access-date=September 15, 2012 }}</ref> | 25 |- !scope="row"|Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 75)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://austriancharts.at/00er_single.asp | title=Bestenlisten – 00er-Single | publisher=Hung Medien | work=austriancharts.at | access-date=September 15, 2012 | language=de}}</ref> | 30 |- ! scope="row"| CIS Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/decade/2000|title=Top Radio Hits Global Decade Chart: 00s|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=September 11, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240911211012/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/decade/2000|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 10 |- !scope="row"|Germany (Media Control Charts)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rtl.de/cms/sendungen/show/die-ultimative-chartshow/hits-neue-jahrtausend-download.html | title=Die erfolgreichsten Hits des neuen Jahrtausends | publisher=[[RTL Television]]. [[RTL Group]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 | language=de}}</ref> | 4 |- ! scope="row"| Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/decade/2000|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Decade Chart: 00s|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=May 1, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421192151/https://tophit.com/ru/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/decade/2000|archive-date=April 21, 2024}}</ref> | 13 |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/decade/2000|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Decade Chart: 00s|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=April 27, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427100804/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/decade/2000|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 52 |- !scope="row"|UK Singles (Official Charts Company)<ref>{{cite video | title=Radio 1 Official Chart of the Decade | publisher=[[BBC Radio 1]]. [[BBC]] | date=December 29, 2009 | people=[[DJ Nihal|Arthanayake, Nihal]] | medium=radio show}}</ref> | 90 |- !scope="row"|US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/decadeendcharts/2009/hot100-songs | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925233947/http://www1.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/decadeendcharts/2009/hot100-songs | title=Decade End Charts – Hot 100 Songs | publisher=Prometheus Global Media | magazine=Billboard | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date= September 25, 2013}}</ref> | 10 |- !scope="row"|US Mainstream Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/decadeendcharts/2009/pop-songs | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003173123/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/decadeendcharts/2009/pop-songs | title=Decade End Charts – Pop Songs | publisher=Prometheus Global Media | magazine=Billboard | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date=October 3, 2012}}</ref> | 1 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ 20s Decade-end chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"|Chart (2020–2025) ! scope="col"|Position |- ! scope="row"| Estonia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ee/decade/2020|title=Top Radio Hits Estonia Decade Chart: 20s|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=December 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208033752/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ee/decade/2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 106 |- |} ===All-time charts=== {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" !scope="col"|Chart !scope="col"|Position |- !scope="row"|US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100-60th-anniversary|title=Billboard Hot 100 60th Anniversary Interactive Chart|magazine=Billboard|access-date=10 December 2018}}</ref> | 64 |- !scope="row"|US Mainstream Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url= https://www.billboard.com/charts/greatest-of-all-time-pop-songs |title= GREATEST OF ALL TIME POP SONGS: Page 1 |magazine= Billboard |date= 1 August 2018 |access-date= 1 August 2018}}</ref> | 4 |} {{Col-end}} == Takaddun shaida da tallace-tallace == == Tarihin saki == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+Ranar fitarwa da tsarin "Gaskiya" ! scope="col" |Yankin ! scope="col" |Ranar ! scope="col" |Tsarin ! scope="col" |Alamar ! scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |Amurka |Satumba 11, 2007 |Rediyo na zamani | rowspan="2" |Interscope |<ref>{{Cite web |title=FMQB: Radio Industry News, Music Industry Updates, Arbitron Ratings, Music News and more! |url=http://fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=69239#2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071228114948/http://fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=69239#2007 |archive-date=28 December 2007 |access-date=11 January 2022 |website=fmqb.com}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 16, 2007 |sauke dijital |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-10-24 |title=Amazon.com: Apologize: MP3 Downloads: OneRepublic |url=http://www.amazon.com/Apologize/dp/B000X12NDI |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024174615/http://www.amazon.com/Apologize/dp/B000X12NDI |archive-date=October 24, 2007 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Amazon}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |Ƙasar Ingila |29 ga Oktoba, 2007 |CD guda ɗaya |Polydor |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Apologize |url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Apologize-OneRepublic/dp/B000WS4P92 |access-date=March 11, 2022 |website=Amazon.co.uk}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |Jamus |Nuwamba 9, 2007 |{{Hlist|CD single|[[Enhanced CD|enhanced]] CD single}} | rowspan="2" |Duniya |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Apologize |url=https://www.amazon.de/Timbaland-Onerepublic/dp/B000X74RL8 |access-date=March 11, 2022 |website=Amazon.de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Apologize |url=https://www.amazon.de/Apologize-Timbaland-Feat-One-Republic/dp/B000XCVNAG |access-date=March 11, 2022 |website=Amazon.de}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |Ostiraliya |Nuwamba 19, 2007 |CD guda ɗaya |<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2008 |title=The ARIA Report |url=http://www.aria.com.au/issue924.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20080222222442/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20071120-0000/issue924.pdf |archive-date=February 22, 2008 |access-date=March 11, 2022 |website=Webarchive.nla.gov.au}}</ref> |- |} == Dubi kuma == {{Div col}} * [[List of Dutch Top 40 number-one singles of 2007]] * [[List of European number-one hits of 2007]] * [[List of highest-certified singles in Australia]] * [[List of Hot 100 number-one singles of 2007 (Canada)]] * [[List of number-one hits of 2007 (Austria)]] * [[List of number-one hits of 2007 (Germany)]] * [[List of number-one hits of 2007 (Sweden)]] * [[List of number-one hits of 2007 (Switzerland)]] * [[List of number-one hits of 2008 (Italy)]] * [[List of number-one singles from the 2000s (New Zealand)]] * [[List of number-one singles in Australia in 2007]] {{Div col end}} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] ptz84pe3got1z035t1s48cp752yvdf8 975128 975126 2026-11-02T06:11:53Z Zahrah0 14848 975128 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="color: #202122;background-color: khaki; font-size: 125%;" |"Ka nemi gafara" |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:ApologizeiTunesCover.PNG|frameless]] |- class="description" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: khaki;" |[[Single (music)|Ɗaya daga cikin]] [[OneRepublic|Jamhuriyar Ɗaya]] |- class="description" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: khaki;" |daga kundin Dreaming Out Loud''[[Dreaming Out Loud|Mafarki da Girma]]'' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An sake shi | class="infobox-data plainlist" |Afrilu 30, 2006 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An rubuta shi | class="infobox-data plainlist" |2006 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Music genre|Irin wannan]] | class="infobox-data category hlist" | * [[Pop rock]]<ref><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="1578">[https://www.allmusic.com/album/dreaming-out-loud-mw0000497237 "Dreaming Out Loud - OneRepublic &#x7C; Songs, Reviews, Credits &#x7C; AllMusic"]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="1579">''[[AllMusic]]''.</span></cite></ref> * [[Soft rock|dutse mai laushi]]<ref name="AllMusic">Kellman, Andy.&#x20;</ref> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Tsawon | class="infobox-data plainlist" |<span class="duration"><span class="min">3</span>:<span class="s">28</span></span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Record label|Alamar]] | class="infobox-data hlist" |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="hlist"> * Mosley * Interscope </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">Mawallafin waƙa</span> | class="infobox-data hlist" |Ryan Tedder |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">Masu samarwa</span> | class="infobox-data hlist" |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="hlist"> * Greg Wells * Ryan Tedder * Yankin Timbaland </div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: khaki;" |Jerin lokaci na 'yan wasa na OneRepublic&#x20; |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" | {| style="background: transparent; color: inherit; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; display: inline-table;" |- style="line-height: 1.4em;" | style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0;" | | style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding:.2em .1em;" |"Ka gafarta" (2006) <br /> | style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em;" |"Stop and Stare" (2007) <br /> |} |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-below" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: khaki" |Samfurin sauti |- class="haudio" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-top:1em" |<div style="display:inline-block;">[[File:OneRepublic_-_Apologize.ogg|center|frameless]]</div><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="hlist"> * layi * taimako </div> |} ""Yi hakuri" waka ce da Ryan Tedder ya rubuta, wacce ya fara fitowa a kundi na biyu na Timbaland Shock Value (2007).  Daga nan aka sake shi a matsayin na uku na kundi (na hudu a Ostiraliya), tare da ainihin rikodin ta OneRepublic.  Haka kuma ya zama na farko na farko don kundi na farko na OneRepublic Dreaming Out Loud (2007), wanda Greg Wells ya samar. Sigar Timbaland ta tsallake solo na guitar bayan aya ta biyu a cikin asali, kuma ya haɗa da ƙarin layin kaɗa, sabbin muryoyin goyan baya, da ƙarin samfuran sauti, ban da haɗar sauti da wasu ƙananan canje-canje.  Waƙar ita ce mafi girman wasan kwaikwayo na rediyo da aka buga a tarihin Mainstream Top 40 Chart a Amurka, tare da wasan kwaikwayo 10,394 a cikin mako guda, har sai da Leona Lewis ta "Bleeding Love" ta karya rikodin ta, wanda kuma Tedder ya rubuta.. Waƙar ta kasance babbar nasara a duniya, ta kai lamba ɗaya a cikin ƙasashe 16, gami da Ostiraliya, Austria, Kanada, Jamus, Italiya, New Zealand, Sweden, Turkiyya, da Netherlands, tare da kasancewa a lamba ɗaya na makonni takwas a jere a kan jadawalin <nowiki><i id="mwKg">Billboard</i></nowiki> Pop 100. Waƙar ta kai lamba ta biyu a kan <nowiki><i id="mwLA">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100, ta kasance a saman 10 na makonni 25, kuma ta kwashe makonni 13 a lamba daya a Kanada. "Gafara" sun sami band ɗin kyautar kyautar Grammy Award don Mafi kyawun Ayyukan Pop ta Duo ko Ƙungiya tare da Vocals kuma an sanya shi lambar 50 a jerin jerin waƙoƙin Billboard Hot 100 na All-Time Top Songs daga ginshiƙi na farko na shekaru 50. Ya shafe makonni 25 a jere a saman 10, mafi tsayin daka a can don kowane waƙa ta hanyar "Sta3"  Manyan goma daga shekarar alif 1999 zuwa shekara ta 2000. [1] Hakanan an sanya shi lamba 10 akan Waƙoƙin Goma 100 na Billboard == Bidiyo na kiɗa == An yi fim din bidiyo na hukuma da ke da alaƙa da remix a ranar 19 ga Satumba, 2007, kuma an sake shi a farkon Oktoba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=OneRepublic-ALBUM OUT NOW!!!! - City of Angels, California – Rock / Alternative / Pop |url=http://www.myspace.com/onerepublic |access-date=October 24, 2011 |publisher=[[Myspace]]}}</ref> An fara bidiyon ne a kan VH1's Top 20 Countdown a ranar 27 ga Oktoba, 2007. Robert Hales ne ya ba da umarnin bidiyon kuma an harbe shi a cikin ɗakin rikodin da ke nuna OneRepublic yana yin waƙar. Bidiyo ya kuma haɗa da al'amuran daga wani biki na Sabuwar Shekara ta Hauwa'u, wanda ya hada da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Brian A. Pollack.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 9, 2007 |title=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic – Apologize (CD) at Discogs |url=http://www.discogs.com/release/1220405 |access-date=September 15, 2011 |publisher=Discogs}}</ref> A cikin sigar ta uku ta bidiyon, wanda Robert Hales ya ba da umarni kuma ya haɗa da remix ɗin, an nuna Timbaland yana sake maimaita waƙar da kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Video |url=http://www.evertube.com/videos/watch/KHfyDxy8i5o/timbaland-apologize-official-music-video.html |access-date=October 24, 2011 |website=Evertube.com}}</ref> Wani bidiyon Turai yana nuna shirye-shiryen bidiyo na fim din ''Keinohrhasen'', tare da Til Schweiger . An kuma samar da bidiyon Jafananci na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Yana da nau'ikan fim iri ɗaya kamar na asali amma yana da ƙarin al'amuran daga kusurwoyi daban-daban na kyamara. Har ila yau, yana nuna hotunan mutane suna fadowa da iyo a cikin iska a hankali. Bidiyo na kiɗa a halin yanzu yana da ra'ayoyi miliyan 758.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 16, 2009 |title=Timbaland - Apologize ft. OneRepublic |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZSM3w1v-A_Y |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013123407/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZSM3w1v-A_Y |archive-date=October 13, 2022 |access-date=Oct 16, 2022 |publisher=YouTube }}</ref> == Ayyukan jadawalin == "Apologize" shi ne fashewar OneRepublic. A Amurka, "Apologize" ya kai lamba ta biyu a kan ''Billboard'' Hot 100 na makonni huɗu da ba a jere ba. Ya shafe makonni 11 a lamba uku da makonni 25 a cikin saman 10 kuma ya kai lamba uku na makonni 10 a kan Hot 100 Airplay. Har ila yau, ya hau kan ''Billboard'' Pop 100 kuma ya zama na uku daga Shock Value don ya hau kan ginshiƙi. Har ila yau, ya zama kundi na farko na farko a kan ''Billboard'' Adult Top 40. Har ila yau, ita ce ta biyu a jere daga Shock Value don kaiwa lamba ɗaya a rediyo na Amurka Mainstream Top 40. Ya zama waƙar goma kawai don sayar da sama da miliyan 5 a watan Mayu 2011 a Amurka. Ya zuwa watan Fabrairun 2014, ya sayar da 5,819,000. A ƙarshen shekara ta 2009, an sanya waƙar a matsayi na goma a kan jadawalin Billboard Hot 100 Decade-End, yana mai da shi waƙar da ta fi girma kuma kawai waƙar da ke saman 10 a can ba don a saman jadawalin mako-mako na Billboard Hot 100 ba. A Burtaniya, "Apologize" ya hau zuwa lamba 32 a kan ƙarfin sauke dijital kadai, kuma ya kai lamba uku. Waƙar ta shafe makonni 28 a jere a saman 40 da makonni 13 a saman 10. Waƙar ta ƙare a shekara ta 2007 a matsayin ta goma sha shida mafi girma a Burtaniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 40 Singles of the Year 2007 |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/chart/singles2007.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205090257/http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/chart/singles2007.shtml |archive-date=December 5, 2008 |access-date=December 30, 2007 |website=BBC Radio 1 |publisher=[[BBC Music]]}}</ref> A Ostiraliya, ɗayan ya fara ne a lamba 10 a kan ARIA Singles Chart, kuma ya kai lamba ɗaya. Ya kasance a saman makonni takwas a jere, Ruwa ARIA ta tabbatar da shi 4× Platinum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 50 Singles Chart – Australian Record Industry Association |url=http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display.asp?chart=1U50 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071231022347/http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display.asp?chart=1U50 |archive-date=December 31, 2007 |access-date=October 24, 2011 |website=Ariacharts.com.au}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ARIA Charts – End Of Year Charts – Top 100 Singles 2007 |url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-top-100-singles-2007.htm |access-date=May 13, 2015 |publisher=ARIA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Steffen Hung |title=Timbaland presents OneRepublic – Apologize |url=http://www.australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Timbaland+presents+OneRepublic&titel=Apologize&cat=s |access-date=October 24, 2011 |website=australian-charts.com}}</ref> Waƙar ta kai lamba ɗaya a kan Hot 100 na Kanada da New Zealand RIANZ Chart . Ita ce mafi yawan saukewa a kowane lokaci a Ostiraliya da New Zealand. A kan jadawalin Hot 100 Singles na Turai na ''Billboard'', waƙar ta fara ne a lamba 16, yana mai da shi matsayi mafi girma na kowane sabon aiki a tarihin ginshiƙi. Daga baya ya shiga saman 10. Waƙar ta tafi zinariya a Rasha tare da 100,000 kofe sayar.<ref name="bare_url">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://2m-online.ru/news/detail.php?ID=5659 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002100728/http://2m-online.ru/news/detail.php?ID=5659 |archive-date=2 October 2013 |access-date=9 August 2022 |website=2m-online.ru}}</ref> A Jamus, an sauke waƙar sau 437,000, yana mai da ita ta uku mafi kyawun saukewa a kowane lokaci bayan [[Lady Gaga]]'s "Poker Face" da Lena Meyer-Landrut's "Satellite".<ref>{{Cite web |title='Poker Face' knackt 500.000er-Download-Marke |url=http://www.gfk-entertainment.com/news/poker-face-knackt-500000er-download-marke.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129073337/http://www.gfk-entertainment.com/news/poker-face-knackt-500000er-download-marke.html |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |access-date=September 15, 2011 |website=Media-control.de}}</ref> == Jerin waƙoƙi == {{Col-begin}} {{Col-2}} *'''European CD single''' #"Apologize" (Timbaland presents OneRepublic) — 3:04 #"Apologize" (OneRepublic version) — 3:25 *'''European enhanced CD single''' #"Apologize" (Timbaland presents OneRepublic) — 3:04 #"Apologize" (OneRepublic version) — 3:25 #"[[The Way I Are]]" (OneRepublic remix) — 3:31 #"Apologize" (video) {{Col-2}} *'''UK CD single''' #"Apologize" (Album) — 3:04 #"[[Give It to Me (Timbaland song)|Give It to Me (Laugh at Em)]]" (remix featuring [[Justin Timberlake]] and [[Jay-Z]]) [radio edit] — 3:16 *'''UK 12" single''' #"Apologize" (Album) — 3:04 #"Apologize" (Instrumental) — 3:04 #"Give It to Me (Laugh at Em)" (remix featuring Justin Timberlake and Jay-Z) [explicit] — 3:20 #"Give It to Me (Laugh at Em)" (remix instrumental) — 3:17 {{Col-end}} == Ma'aikata == * Ryan Tedder - jagora murya, murya ta baya, piano&nbsp; * Zach Filkins - jagora guitar, viola, goyon baya murya&nbsp; * Drew Brown - maɓallan, guitar, glockenspiel&nbsp; * Eddie Fisher - drum, percussion&nbsp; * Brent Kutzle - cello, bass&nbsp; == Rufin == * Mawallafin Australiya Natalie Gauci ta raira waƙar a cikin fitowar karshe na kakar wasa ta biyar ta Australian Idol a cikin 2007. * Luke Bryan ya rufe "Apologize" a kan Doin 'My Thing . <ref name="Luke Bryan Covers Apologize">{{Cite web |title=Luke Bryan's country cover of OneRepublic's 'Apologize': Hear it exclusively on EW.com! |url=http://music-mix.ew.com/2009/09/24/luke-bryan-onerepublic-apologize-exclusive/ |access-date=March 11, 2022 |website=Music-mix.ew.com |archive-date=January 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122171830/http://music-mix.ew.com/2009/09/24/luke-bryan-onerepublic-apologize-exclusive/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Kris Allen ya rufe "Apologize" a karo na takwas na American Idol . * Ƙungiyar symphonic metal ta Dutch A cikin Temptation ta rufe waƙar a matsayin wani ɓangare na gabatarwar rediyo na mako-mako don bikin cika shekaru 15, Elements . Waƙar kuma an nuna ta a cikin kundin murfin su The Q-Music Sessions . * Kungiyar Sweden ta All Ends ta rufe waƙar a cikin kundin su All Ends . * Ƙungiyar post-hardcore ta Kanada Silverstein ta rufe waƙar a kan kundin tarin Punk Goes Pop 2. * A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2010, Soomo Publishing ta ɗora wani nau'i na wannan waƙa, mai taken "Too Late to Apologize: A Declaration" zuwa [[YouTube]], wanda ke da ra'ayoyi sama da miliyan 14 har zuwa ranar 21 ga Fabrairun, 2025.<ref name="Too Late to Apologize: A Declaration">{{Cite web |date=February 2, 2010 |title=Too Late to Apologize: A Declaration |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZfRaWAtBVg |access-date=March 11, 2022 |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> * Dan wasan kwaikwayo da mawaƙa Willam ya fitar da murfin murya a cikin 2013 mai taken "RuPaulogize" inda ta tattauna abubuwan da ta samu da rashin cancanta a kakar wasa ta huɗu ta RuPaul's Drag Race . Wanda ya lashe kakar Sharon Needles ya buga RuPaul. * Mawakin kasar Kacey Musgraves da Pixie Lott sun kuma rufe "Apologize". * [[Taylor Swift]] ta rufe wannan waƙa a kan Speak Now World Tour a matsayin mashup tare da waƙoƙinta "Back to December" da "Ba You're Not Sorry". == Shafuka == {{Col-begin}} {{Col-2}} === Weekly charts === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |- !scope="col"| Chart (2007–2008) !scope="col"| Peak<br />position |- {{single chart|Australia|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Australiaurban|1|url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20080520233743/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20080520-0000/issue948.pdf|urltitle=Issue 948|rowheader=true|access-date=March 4, 2022}} |- {{single chart|Austria|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Flanders|2|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Wallonia|2|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Canada|1|artist=OneRepublic|song=Apologize|artistid={{BillboardID|Timbaland}}|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardcanadaac|2|artist=OneRepublic|song=Apologize|artistid={{BillboardID|Timbaland}}|access-date=June 24, 2020|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardcanadachrtop40|1|artist=OneRepublic|song=Apologize|artistid={{BillboardID|Timbaland}}|access-date=June 24, 2020|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardcanadahotac|1|artist=OneRepublic|song=Apologize|artistid={{BillboardID|Timbaland}}|access-date=June 24, 2020|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|CIS|1|artist=Timbaland & OneRepublic|song=Apologize|songid=9625|access-date=February 10, 2025|rowheader=true|refname=CIS}} |- !scope="row"|Croatia Airplay ([[Top lista]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hrt.hr/hr/top20/maineng.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120045246/http://www.hrt.hr:80/hr/top20/strana_lista.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 20, 2007|title=Top Lista Hrvatskog Radija|publisher=[[Croatian Radiotelevision]]|access-date=March 14, 2021}}</ref> |3 |- {{single chart|Czech Republic|2|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|year=2008|week=08|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Denmark|2|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- !scope="row"|[[European Hot 100 Singles]] (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Hits of the World: Eurocharts|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|volume=119|issue=48|page=81|date=December 1, 2007}}</ref> |1 |- {{single chart|Finland|4|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|France|7|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Germany|1|artist=Timbaland presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|songid=303692|access-date=October 16, 2018|rowheader=true}} |- !scope="row"|Germany ([[German Airplay Chart|Airplay Chart]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiocharts.com/html/charts_de_main.htm |title=Radio-Charts Deutschland – Chartwoche 02/2008 |work=MusicTrace |publisher=RadioCharts.com |language=de |access-date=June 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080121190030/http://www.radiocharts.com/html/charts_de_main.htm |archive-date=January 21, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |1 |- {{single chart|Hungary|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|year=2008|week=34|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Hungarydance|29|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|year=2008|week=10|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Ireland2|2|artist=Timbaland featuring One Republic|song=Apologize|access-date=January 15, 2020|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Italy|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Dutch40|1|artist=Timbaland presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|week=52|year=2007|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Dutch100|2|artist=Timbaland presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=December 17, 2019|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|New Zealand|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Norway|2|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- !scope="row"|Poland ([[Polish Music Charts|Airplay Chart]])<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106121714/http://www.nielsenmusiccontrol.com/index_pol|title=Nielsen Music Control|archive-date=January 6, 2008|url=http://www.nielsenmusiccontrol.com/index_pol}}</ref> |1 |- !scope="row"|[[Portugal Digital Songs]] (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Portugal Digital Songs: Feb. 02, 2008|url=https://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2008-02-02/portugal|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=September 3, 2018|archive-date=2018-09-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903222318/https://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2008-02-02/portugal|url-status=dead}}</ref> |1 |- ! scope="row"| Russia Airplay ([[TopHit]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/weekly/20080118-20080124|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Weekly Chart: Jan 24, 2008|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=July 1, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250701080135/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/weekly/20080118-20080124|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- {{single chart|Scotland|6|artist=OneRepublic|song=Apologize|date=20071117|access-date=November 18, 2021|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Slovakia|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|year=2007|week=45|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Sweden|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Switzerland|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- !scope="row"|Turkey (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com.tr/pages/Turkiye_top20.aspx|title=Turkish Top 20|magazine=[[Billboard Türkiye|Billboard]]|access-date=September 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512070737/http://www.billboard.com.tr:80/pages/Turkiye_top20.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 12, 2008}}</ref> |1 |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay ([[TopHit]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20071221-20071227|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Weekly Chart: Dec 27, 2007|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805044837/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20071221-20071227|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- {{single chart|UK|3|artist=OneRepublic|song=Apologize|date=20071117|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardhot100|2|artist=Timbaland|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardadultcontemporary|4|artist=Timbaland|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardadultpopsongs|1|artist=Timbaland|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboarddanceclubplay|35|artist=Timbaland|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardrandbhiphop|60|artist=Timbaland|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardpopsongs|1|artist=Timbaland|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardrhythmic|5|artist=Timbaland|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |} {|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2009 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2009) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- {{single chart|CIS|180|artist=Timbaland & OneRepublic|song=Apologize|songid=9625|access-date=February 10, 2025|rowheader=true|refname=CIS}} |- ! scope="row"| Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref name="CIS"/> | 173 |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref name="CIS"/> | 119 |- |} {|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2010 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2010) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- {{single chart|CIS|91|artist=Timbaland & OneRepublic|song=Apologize|songid=9625|access-date=February 10, 2025|rowheader=true|refname=CIS}} |- ! scope="row"| Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/weekly/20101105-20101111|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Weekly Chart: Nov 11, 2010|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805044854/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/weekly/20101105-20101111|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 89 |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20101119-20101125|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Weekly Chart: Nov 25, 2010|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805045045/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20101119-20101125|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 91 |- |} {|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2011 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2011) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- {{single chart|CIS|182|artist=Timbaland & OneRepublic|song=Apologize|songid=9625|access-date=February 10, 2025|rowheader=true|refname=CIS}} |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20110506-20110512|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Weekly Chart: May 12, 2011|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=June 15, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250615174027/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20110506-20110512|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 83 |- |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2012 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2012) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref name="CIS"/> | 121 |- |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2013 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2013) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref name="CIS"/> | 108 |- |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2014 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2014) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20140221-20140227|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Weekly Chart: Feb 27, 2014|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=January 26, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126044408/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20140221-20140227|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 31 |- |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2015 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2015) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20150213-20150219|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Weekly Chart: Feb 19, 2015|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805044827/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20150213-20150219|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 87 |- |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2020 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2020) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref name="CIS"/> | 150 |- |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2022 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2022) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref name="CIS"/> | 108 |- |} {|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2023 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2023) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Estonia Airplay ([[TopHit]])<ref name="CIS"/> | 145 |- ! scope="row"| Romania Airplay ([[TopHit]])<ref name="CIS"/> | 142 |- |} {|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2024 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2024) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Estonia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ee/weekly/20240426-20240502|title=Top Radio Hits Estonia Weekly Chart: Feb 29, 2024|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=December 3, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203003453/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ee/weekly/20240426-20240502|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 79 |- ! scope="row"| Moldova Airplay ([[TopHit]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/md/weekly/20241129-20241205|title=Top Radio Hits Moldova Weekly Chart: Dec 5, 2024|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=December 8, 2024|archive-date=December 10, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210195857/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/md/weekly/20241129-20241205|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 43 |- |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2025 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2025) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Estonia Airplay (TopHit)<ref name="CIS"/> | 155 |- |} {{Col-2}} ===Monthly charts=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center" |+ 2007 monthly chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"| Chart (2007) ! scope="col"| Peak<br />position |- ! scope="row"| [[Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS]] Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/monthly/200712|title=Top Radio Hits Global Monthly Chart: December 2007|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805044829/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/monthly/200712|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 5 |- ! scope="row"| Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/monthly/200712|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Monthly Chart: December 2007|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805230449/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/monthly/200712|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 5 |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/monthly/200712|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Monthly Chart: December 2007|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805044758/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/monthly/200712|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 6 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center" |+ 2008 monthly chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"| Chart (2008) ! scope="col"| Peak<br />position |- ! scope="row"| CIS Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/monthly/200801|title=Top Radio Hits Global Monthly Chart: January 2008|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805044836/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/monthly/200801|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/monthly/200801|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Monthly Chart: January 2008|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805044751/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/monthly/200801|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/monthly/200801|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Monthly Chart: January 2008|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=October 26, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251026082147/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/monthly/200801|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 13 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ 2014 monthly chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"| Chart (2014) ! scope="col"| Peak<br />position |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/monthly/201402|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Monthly Chart: February 2014|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=November 27, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127181754/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/monthly/201402|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 93 |} === Year-end charts === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" | Chart (2007) ! scope="col" | Position |- !scope="row"|Australia (ARIA)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aria.com.au/charts/2007/singles-chart | title=ARIA Top 100 Singles for 2007 | publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] | access-date=September 15, 2012}}</ref> | 6 |- !scope="row"|Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 75)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.austriancharts.at/2007_single.asp |title=Jahreshitparade 2007 |publisher=Hung Medien |work=austriancharts.at |access-date=September 15, 2012 |language=de |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501090330/http://www.austriancharts.at/2007_single.asp |archive-date=May 1, 2011 |df=mdy }}</ref> | 32 |- !scope="row"|[[Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS]] Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Top Radio Hits Global Annual Chart: 2007|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/annual/2007|access-date=February 10, 2025|publisher=[[TopHit]]|archive-date=January 3, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103214229/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/annual/2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 106 |- !scope="row"|European Hot 100 Singles (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/european_hot_singles.jsp|title=European Hot 100 Singles|magazine=Billboard|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513023130/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/european_hot_singles.jsp|archive-date=May 13, 2009|access-date=January 9, 2022}}</ref> | 48 |- !scope="row"|Germany (Media Control GfK)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://ki.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/~topsi/deu2007/deu_2007t.html | title=German Top 20 – The Chart Of 2007 | publisher=Universität Würzburg | access-date=September 15, 2012 | language=de | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125061939/http://ki.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/~topsi/deu2007/deu_2007t.html | archive-date=November 25, 2010}}</ref> | 32 |- !scope="row"|Ireland (IRMA)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.irma.ie/best2007.htm | title=2007 Year End Charts | publisher=[[Irish Recorded Music Association]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date=June 20, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620142325/http://irma.ie/best2007.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref> | 9 |- !scope="row"|Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.top40web.nl/jaarlijsten/jr2007.html | title=Top 40 – Jaargang 43, 2007 | publisher=[[Dutch Top 40]] Stichting Nederlandse Top 40 | access-date=October 30, 2012 | language=nl}}</ref> | 80 |- !scope="row"|New Zealand (RIANZ)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/annual-singles/2007-12-31 |title=Top Selling Singles of 2007 |publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]] |access-date=May 19, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511184208/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/?chart=2088 |archive-date=May 11, 2015 }}</ref> | 9 |- ! scope="row"|Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/annual/2007|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Annual Chart: 2007|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=April 26, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426131857/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/annual/2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 111 |- !scope="row"|Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitlistan.se/netdata/ghl002.mbr/lista?liid=43&dfom=20070001 |title=Årslista Singlar – År 2007 |publisher=[[Grammofon Leverantörernas Förening]] |access-date=September 15, 2012 |language=sv |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121150255/http://www.hitlistan.se/netdata/ghl002.mbr/lista?liid=43&dfom=20070001 |archive-date=January 21, 2016 }}</ref> | 12 |- !scope="row"|Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://swisscharts.com/year.asp?key=2007 | title=Swiss Year-End Charts 2007 | publisher=Hung Medien | work=swisscharts.com | access-date=September 15, 2012}}</ref> | 12 |- !scope="row"|Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2007|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Annual Chart: 2007|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=October 25, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251025084037/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 140 |- !scope="row"|UK Singles (OCC)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/ChartsPlusYE2007.pdf | title=End Of Year Charts: 2007 | publisher=[[UKChartsPlus]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date=July 24, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724023542/http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/ChartsPlusYE2007.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> | 16 |- !scope="row"|US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2007/hot-100-songs | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129032604/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2007/hot-100-songs | title=2007 Year End Charts – Hot 100 Songs | publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]] | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date= November 29, 2012}}</ref> | 66 |} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" | Chart (2008) ! scope="col" | Position |- !scope="row"|Australia (ARIA)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aria.com.au/charts/2008/singles-chart | title=ARIA Top 100 Singles for 2008 | publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] | access-date=September 15, 2012}}</ref> | 32 |- !scope="row"|Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 75)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.austriancharts.at/2008_single.asp |title=Jahreshitparade 2008 |publisher=Hung Medien |work=austriancharts.at |access-date=September 15, 2012 |language=de |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224110249/http://www.austriancharts.at/2008_single.asp |archive-date=December 24, 2013 }}</ref> | 2 |- !scope="row"|Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ultratop.be/nl/annual.asp?year=2008 | title=Jaaroverzichten 2008 (Singles) | publisher=Hung Medien | work=ultratop.be | access-date=September 15, 2012 | language=nl}}</ref> | 12 |- !scope="row"|Belgium (Ultratop 40 Wallonia)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ultratop.be/fr/annual.asp?year=2008 | title=Rapports Annuels 2008 (Singles) | publisher=Hung Medien | work=ultratop.be | access-date=September 15, 2012 | language=fr}}</ref> | 5 |- !scope="row"|Brazil ([[Crowley Broadcast Analysis|Crowley]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://maistocadas.mus.br/2008/|title=Brazilian Top 100 Year-End 2008|publisher=[[Crowley Broadcast Analysis]]|date=April 3, 2018|access-date=January 30, 2022}}</ref> | 11 |- !scope="row"|Canada (Canadian Hot 100)<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2008/canadian-hot-100 | title=Best of 2008: Canadian Hot 100 | publisher=Prometheus Global Media | magazine=Billboard | access-date=September 15, 2012}}</ref> | 1 |- !scope="row"|Canada AC (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|date=December 12, 2008|title=Top Canada AC Songs|magazine=[[R&R (magazine)|R&R]]|page=67}}</ref> |3 |- !scope="row"|Canada CHR/Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|date=December 12, 2008|title=Top Canada CHR/Top 40 Songs|magazine=[[R&R (magazine)|R&R]]|page=35}}</ref> | 14 |- !scope="row"|Canada Hot AC (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|date=December 12, 2008|title=Top Canada Hot AC Songs|magazine=[[R&R (magazine)|R&R]]|page=67}}</ref> |12 |- !scope="row"|CIS Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Top Radio Hits Global Annual Chart: 2008|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/annual/2008|access-date=February 10, 2025|publisher=[[TopHit]]|archive-date=January 20, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120134919/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/annual/2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 6 |- !scope="row"|European Hot 100 Singles (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2008/european-hot-100-singles | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004235856/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2008/european-hot-100-singles | title=2008 Year End Charts – European Hot 100 Singles | publisher=Prometheus Global Media | magazine=Billboard | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date=October 4, 2012}}</ref> | 1 |- !scope="row"|France (SNEP)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.snepmusique.com/fr/page-259376.xml?year=2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224181046/http://www.snepmusique.com/fr/page-259376.xml?year=2008 | title=Classement Singles – année 2008 | publisher=[[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date= December 24, 2013| language=fr}}</ref> | 46 |- !scope="row"|Germany (Media Control GfK)<ref>{{cite web| url=http://ki.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/~topsi/deu2008/deu_2008t.html| title=German Top 20 – The Chart Of 2008| publisher=Universität Würzburg| access-date=May 13, 2015| archive-date=October 19, 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019144133/http://ki.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/~topsi/deu2008/deu_2008t.html| url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- !scope="row"|Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mahasz.hu/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=eves_osszesitett_listak&id=radios&ev=2008 |title=MAHASZ Rádiós TOP 100 2008 |publisher=Rádiós Top 40 játszási lista |access-date=September 15, 2012 |language=hu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228195209/http://mahasz.hu/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=eves_osszesitett_listak&id=radios&ev=2008 |archive-date=December 28, 2010 }}</ref> | 5 |- !scope="row"|Italy (FIMI)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fimi.it/news/classifiche-ufficiali-degli-album-e-dei-dvd-musicali-piu-venduti-e-dei-singoli-piu-scaricati-dalla-rete-nel-2008 |title=Classifiche ufficiali degli Album e dei DVD musicali più venduti e dei singoli più scaricati dalla rete nel 2008 |publisher=Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana |language=it |date=13 January 2009 |access-date=7 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125064544/http://www.fimi.it/news/classifiche-ufficiali-degli-album-e-dei-dvd-musicali-piu-venduti-e-dei-singoli-piu-scaricati-dalla-rete-nel-2008 |archive-date=25 January 2016}} ''Click on "Scarica allegato" to download the zipped file containing the year-end chart files.''</ref> | 8 |- !scope="row"|Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.top40web.nl/jaarlijsten/jr2008.html | title=Top 40 – Jaargang 44, 2008 | publisher=[[Dutch Top 40]] Stichting Nederlandse Top 40 | access-date=September 15, 2012 | language=nl}}</ref> | 21 |- !scope="row"|Netherlands (Single Top 100)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dutchcharts.nl/jaaroverzichten.asp?year=2008&cat=s|title=Jaaroverzichten – Single 2008|publisher=MegaCharts|language=nl|access-date=December 17, 2019}}</ref> | 41 |- !scope="row"|Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/annual/2008|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Annual Chart: 2008|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=April 27, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427112021/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/annual/2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 7 |- !scope="row"|Spain (PROMUSICAE)<ref name=PROMUSICAE>{{cite web | url=http://www.promusicae.org/files/listasanuales/canciones/Top%2050%20CANCIONES%20%20ANUAL%202008.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130709223341/http://www.promusicae.org/files/listasanuales/canciones/Top%2050%20CANCIONES%20%20ANUAL%202008.pdf | title=Promusicae 2008 | publisher=[[PROMUSICAE]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 | language=es | archive-date = July 9, 2013}}</ref> | 36 |- !scope="row"|Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitlistan.se/netdata/ghl002.mbr/lista?liid=43&dfom=20080001 |title=Årslista Singlar – År 2008 |publisher=Grammofon Leverantörernas Förening |access-date=September 15, 2012 |language=sv |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121150254/http://www.hitlistan.se/netdata/ghl002.mbr/lista?liid=43&dfom=20080001 |archive-date=January 21, 2016 }}</ref> | 29 |- !scope="row"|Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://swisscharts.com/year.asp?key=2008 | title=Swiss Year-End Charts 2008 | publisher=Hung Medien | work=swisscharts.com | access-date=September 15, 2012}}</ref> | 1 |- !scope="row"|Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2008|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Annual Chart: 2008|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=April 21, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421184028/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 10 |- !scope="row"|UK Singles (OCC)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/ChartsPlusYE2008.pdf | title=End Of Year Charts: 2008 | publisher=UKChartsPlus | access-date=September 15, 2012 }}</ref> | 54 |- !scope="row"|US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2008/hot-100-songs | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006014155/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2008/hot-100-songs | title=2008 Year End Charts – Hot 100 Songs | publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]] | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date=October 6, 2012}}</ref> | 5 |- !scope="row"|US Adult Contemporary (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2008/adult-contemporary-songs|title=Adult Contemporary Songs – Year-End 2008|magazine=Billboard|access-date=September 22, 2019|archive-date=May 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505060044/https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2008/adult-contemporary-songs|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 3 |- !scope="row"|US Adult Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2008/adult-pop-songs|title=Adult Pop Songs – Year-End 2008|magazine=Billboard|access-date=September 22, 2019}}</ref> | 9 |- !scope="row"|US Mainstream Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2008/hot-mainstream-40-songs | title=2008 Year End Charts – Mainstream Top 40 Songs | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110803180821/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2008/hot-mainstream-40-songs | publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]] | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date=August 3, 2011}}</ref> | 4 |- !scope="row"|US Rhythmic Airplay (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2008/rhythmic-songs|title=Rhythmic Songs – Year-End 2008|magazine=Billboard|access-date=September 22, 2019}}</ref> | 24 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ 2010 year-end chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"| Chart (2010) ! scope="col"| Position |- !scope="row"|Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2010|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Annual Chart: 2010|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=October 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007182552/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 153 |- |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ 2011 year-end chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"| Chart (2011) ! scope="col"| Position |- !scope="row"|Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2011|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Annual Chart: 2011|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=October 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008012715/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 179 |- |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ 2024 year-end chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"| Chart (2024) ! scope="col"| Position |- !scope="row"|Estonia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ee/annual/2024|title=Top Radio Hits Estonia Annual Chart: 2024|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=April 30, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430145408/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ee/annual/2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 177 |- |} === Decade-end charts === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ 2000s decade-end chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"|Chart (2000–2009) ! scope="col"|Position |- !scope="row"|Australia (ARIA)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/documents/2000sDecadeChartssingles.pdf | title=ARIA Chart Sales – ARIA End of Decade Singles/Top 100 | publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association | access-date=September 15, 2012 }}</ref> | 25 |- !scope="row"|Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 75)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://austriancharts.at/00er_single.asp | title=Bestenlisten – 00er-Single | publisher=Hung Medien | work=austriancharts.at | access-date=September 15, 2012 | language=de}}</ref> | 30 |- ! scope="row"| CIS Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/decade/2000|title=Top Radio Hits Global Decade Chart: 00s|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=September 11, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240911211012/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/decade/2000|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 10 |- !scope="row"|Germany (Media Control Charts)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rtl.de/cms/sendungen/show/die-ultimative-chartshow/hits-neue-jahrtausend-download.html | title=Die erfolgreichsten Hits des neuen Jahrtausends | publisher=[[RTL Television]]. [[RTL Group]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 | language=de}}</ref> | 4 |- ! scope="row"| Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/decade/2000|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Decade Chart: 00s|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=May 1, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421192151/https://tophit.com/ru/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/decade/2000|archive-date=April 21, 2024}}</ref> | 13 |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/decade/2000|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Decade Chart: 00s|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=April 27, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427100804/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/decade/2000|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 52 |- !scope="row"|UK Singles (Official Charts Company)<ref>{{cite video | title=Radio 1 Official Chart of the Decade | publisher=[[BBC Radio 1]]. [[BBC]] | date=December 29, 2009 | people=[[DJ Nihal|Arthanayake, Nihal]] | medium=radio show}}</ref> | 90 |- !scope="row"|US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/decadeendcharts/2009/hot100-songs | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925233947/http://www1.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/decadeendcharts/2009/hot100-songs | title=Decade End Charts – Hot 100 Songs | publisher=Prometheus Global Media | magazine=Billboard | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date= September 25, 2013}}</ref> | 10 |- !scope="row"|US Mainstream Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/decadeendcharts/2009/pop-songs | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003173123/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/decadeendcharts/2009/pop-songs | title=Decade End Charts – Pop Songs | publisher=Prometheus Global Media | magazine=Billboard | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date=October 3, 2012}}</ref> | 1 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ 20s Decade-end chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"|Chart (2020–2025) ! scope="col"|Position |- ! scope="row"| Estonia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ee/decade/2020|title=Top Radio Hits Estonia Decade Chart: 20s|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=December 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208033752/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ee/decade/2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 106 |- |} ===All-time charts=== {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" !scope="col"|Chart !scope="col"|Position |- !scope="row"|US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100-60th-anniversary|title=Billboard Hot 100 60th Anniversary Interactive Chart|magazine=Billboard|access-date=10 December 2018}}</ref> | 64 |- !scope="row"|US Mainstream Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url= https://www.billboard.com/charts/greatest-of-all-time-pop-songs |title= GREATEST OF ALL TIME POP SONGS: Page 1 |magazine= Billboard |date= 1 August 2018 |access-date= 1 August 2018}}</ref> | 4 |} {{Col-end}} == Takaddun shaida da tallace-tallace == == Tarihin saki == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+Ranar fitarwa da tsarin "Gaskiya" ! scope="col" |Yankin ! scope="col" |Ranar ! scope="col" |Tsarin ! scope="col" |Alamar ! scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |Amurka |Satumba 11, 2007 |Rediyo na zamani | rowspan="2" |Interscope |<ref>{{Cite web |title=FMQB: Radio Industry News, Music Industry Updates, Arbitron Ratings, Music News and more! |url=http://fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=69239#2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071228114948/http://fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=69239#2007 |archive-date=28 December 2007 |access-date=11 January 2022 |website=fmqb.com}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 16, 2007 |sauke dijital |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-10-24 |title=Amazon.com: Apologize: MP3 Downloads: OneRepublic |url=http://www.amazon.com/Apologize/dp/B000X12NDI |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024174615/http://www.amazon.com/Apologize/dp/B000X12NDI |archive-date=October 24, 2007 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Amazon}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |Ƙasar Ingila |29 ga Oktoba, 2007 |CD guda ɗaya |Polydor |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Apologize |url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Apologize-OneRepublic/dp/B000WS4P92 |access-date=March 11, 2022 |website=Amazon.co.uk}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |Jamus |Nuwamba 9, 2007 |{{Hlist|CD single|[[Enhanced CD|enhanced]] CD single}} | rowspan="2" |Duniya |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Apologize |url=https://www.amazon.de/Timbaland-Onerepublic/dp/B000X74RL8 |access-date=March 11, 2022 |website=Amazon.de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Apologize |url=https://www.amazon.de/Apologize-Timbaland-Feat-One-Republic/dp/B000XCVNAG |access-date=March 11, 2022 |website=Amazon.de}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |Ostiraliya |Nuwamba 19, 2007 |CD guda ɗaya |<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2008 |title=The ARIA Report |url=http://www.aria.com.au/issue924.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20080222222442/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20071120-0000/issue924.pdf |archive-date=February 22, 2008 |access-date=March 11, 2022 |website=Webarchive.nla.gov.au}}</ref> |- |} == Dubi kuma == {{Div col}} * [[List of Dutch Top 40 number-one singles of 2007]] * [[List of European number-one hits of 2007]] * [[List of highest-certified singles in Australia]] * [[List of Hot 100 number-one singles of 2007 (Canada)]] * [[List of number-one hits of 2007 (Austria)]] * [[List of number-one hits of 2007 (Germany)]] * [[List of number-one hits of 2007 (Sweden)]] * [[List of number-one hits of 2007 (Switzerland)]] * [[List of number-one hits of 2008 (Italy)]] * [[List of number-one singles from the 2000s (New Zealand)]] * [[List of number-one singles in Australia in 2007]] {{Div col end}} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] s9ezsbmp8woaeflgssxm9rqt5jc2ja0 0 103978 974871 652508 2026-11-01T16:08:18Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Ƙarfin igiyar igiyar ruwa shine kama makamashin igiyoyin iska don yin aiki mai amfani - misali, samar da wutar lantarki, daskarewa, ko zubar da ruwa. Injin da ke yin amfani da ƙarfin igiyar igiyar ruwa shine mai sauya makamashin igiyar ruwa (WEC). Ana haifar da raƙuman ruwa da farko ta hanyar iskar da ke ratsa saman teku da kuma ta hanyar ruwa mai ƙarfi, bambancin yanayin zafi, da sauran abubuwa. Muddin raƙuman ruwa suna yaduwa a hankali fiye da saurin iskar da ke sama, ana canja makamashi daga iska zuwa raƙuman ruwa. Bambance-bambancen matsa lamba na iska tsakanin ɓangarorin iska da ɓangarorin ɓangarorin igiyar igiyar ruwa da jujjuyawar iska daga iska suna haifar da damuwa mai ƙarfi da haɓakar igiyar ruwa <ref>Phillips, O.M. (1977). The dynamics of the upper ocean (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-29801-8</nowiki>.</ref> Ƙarfin igiyar igiyar ruwa a matsayin siffa ya sha bamban da ƙarfin igiyar ruwa, wanda ke neman da farko ɗaukar makamashin da ake yi a halin yanzu sakamakon jajircewar Rana da Wata. Duk da haka, ƙarfin igiyar ruwa da ƙarfin igiyar ruwa ba su bambanta da asali ba kuma suna da gagarumin giciye a fasaha da aiwatarwa. Wasu runduna na iya haifar da igiyoyi, gami da karyewar igiyoyin ruwa, iska, tasirin Coriolis, cabbeling, da zafin jiki da bambance-bambancen salinity. Tun daga shekarar 2023, ba a yin amfani da wutar lantarki sosai don aikace-aikacen kasuwanci, bayan dogon jerin ayyukan gwaji. Ƙoƙarin amfani da wannan makamashin ya fara ne a cikin 1890 ko a baya,[2] musamman saboda yawan ƙarfinsa. A ƙasan saman ruwan teku, ƙarfin ƙarfin igiyar ruwa, a matsakaicin lokaci, yawanci ya ninka sau biyar fiye da ƙarfin iskar da ke gudana sama da mita 20 a saman tekun, kuma sau 10 zuwa 30 ya fi ƙarfin hasken rana.[3] == Tarihi == Alamar farko da aka sani don fitar da makamashi daga raƙuman teku ya kasance a cikin 1799, wanda Pierre-Simon Girard da ɗansa suka shigar a birnin Paris.[8] Bochaux-Praceique ne ya kera na'urar farko a shekara ta 1910 don samar da wutar lantarki a gidansa a Royan, Faransa.[9] Ya bayyana cewa wannan ita ce nau'in na'urar makamashin igiyar ruwa ta farko.[10] Daga 1855 zuwa 1973 akwai takardun haƙƙin mallaka 340 da aka shigar a cikin Burtaniya kaɗai.[8] 3ve0rmudy72p9ovlbzfa440swkxzjno 974872 974871 2026-11-01T16:08:36Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Ƙarfin igiyar igiyar ruwa shine kama makamashin igiyoyin iska don yin aiki mai amfani - misali, samar da wutar lantarki, daskarewa, ko zubar da ruwa. Injin da ke yin amfani da ƙarfin igiyar igiyar ruwa shine mai sauya makamashin igiyar ruwa (WEC). Ana haifar da raƙuman ruwa da farko ta hanyar iskar da ke ratsa saman teku da kuma ta hanyar ruwa mai ƙarfi, bambancin yanayin zafi, da sauran abubuwa. Muddin raƙuman ruwa suna yaduwa a hankali fiye da saurin iskar da ke sama, ana kuma canja makamashi daga iska zuwa raƙuman ruwa. Bambance-bambancen matsa lamba na iska tsakanin ɓangarorin iska da ɓangarorin ɓangarorin igiyar igiyar ruwa da jujjuyawar iska daga iska suna haifar da damuwa mai ƙarfi da haɓakar igiyar ruwa <ref>Phillips, O.M. (1977). The dynamics of the upper ocean (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-29801-8</nowiki>.</ref> Ƙarfin igiyar igiyar ruwa a matsayin siffa ya sha bamban da ƙarfin igiyar ruwa, wanda ke neman da farko ɗaukar makamashin da ake yi a halin yanzu sakamakon jajircewar Rana da Wata. Duk da haka, ƙarfin igiyar ruwa da ƙarfin igiyar ruwa ba su bambanta da asali ba kuma suna da gagarumin giciye a fasaha da aiwatarwa. Wasu runduna na iya haifar da igiyoyi, gami da karyewar igiyoyin ruwa, iska, tasirin Coriolis, cabbeling, da zafin jiki da bambance-bambancen salinity. Tun daga shekarar 2023, ba a yin amfani da wutar lantarki sosai don aikace-aikacen kasuwanci, bayan dogon jerin ayyukan gwaji. Ƙoƙarin amfani da wannan makamashin ya fara ne a cikin 1890 ko a baya,[2] musamman saboda yawan ƙarfinsa. A ƙasan saman ruwan teku, ƙarfin ƙarfin igiyar ruwa, a matsakaicin lokaci, yawanci ya ninka sau biyar fiye da ƙarfin iskar da ke gudana sama da mita 20 a saman tekun, kuma sau 10 zuwa 30 ya fi ƙarfin hasken rana.[3] == Tarihi == Alamar farko da aka sani don fitar da makamashi daga raƙuman teku ya kasance a cikin 1799, wanda Pierre-Simon Girard da ɗansa suka shigar a birnin Paris.[8] Bochaux-Praceique ne ya kera na'urar farko a shekara ta 1910 don samar da wutar lantarki a gidansa a Royan, Faransa.[9] Ya bayyana cewa wannan ita ce nau'in na'urar makamashin igiyar ruwa ta farko.[10] Daga 1855 zuwa 1973 akwai takardun haƙƙin mallaka 340 da aka shigar a cikin Burtaniya kaɗai.[8] mme4wlvdtqxkfoqo1b7rcisyw4hwqf7 974873 974872 2026-11-01T16:08:47Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Ƙarfin igiyar igiyar ruwa shine kama makamashin igiyoyin iska don yin aiki mai amfani - misali, samar da wutar lantarki, daskarewa, ko zubar da ruwa. Injin da ke yin amfani da ƙarfin igiyar igiyar ruwa shine mai sauya makamashin igiyar ruwa (WEC). Ana haifar da raƙuman ruwa da farko ta hanyar iskar da ke ratsa saman teku da kuma ta hanyar ruwa mai ƙarfi, bambancin yanayin zafi, da sauran abubuwa. Muddin raƙuman ruwa suna yaduwa a hankali fiye da saurin iskar da ke sama, ana kuma canja makamashi daga iska zuwa raƙuman ruwa. Bambance-bambancen matsa lamba na iska tsakanin ɓangarorin iska da ɓangarorin ɓangarorin igiyar igiyar ruwa da jujjuyawar iska daga iska suna haifar da damuwa mai ƙarfi da haɓakar igiyar ruwa <ref>Phillips, O.M. (1977). The dynamics of the upper ocean (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-29801-8</nowiki>.</ref> Ƙarfin igiyar igiyar ruwa a matsayin siffa ya sha bamban da ƙarfin igiyar ruwa, wanda ke neman da farko ɗaukar makamashin da ake yi a halin yanzu sakamakon jajircewar Rana da Wata. Duk da haka, ƙarfin igiyar ruwa da ƙarfin igiyar ruwa ba su bambanta da asali ba kuma suna da gagarumin giciye a fasaha da aiwatarwa. Wasu runduna na iya haifar da igiyoyi, gami da karyewar igiyoyin ruwa, iska, tasirin Coriolis, cabbeling, da zafin jiki da bambance-bambancen salinity. Tun daga shekarar 2023, ba a yin amfani da wutar lantarki sosai don aikace-aikacen kasuwanci, bayan dogon jerin ayyukan gwaji. Ƙoƙarin amfani da wannan makamashin ya fara ne a cikin shekarar 1890 ko a baya,[2] musamman saboda yawan ƙarfinsa. A ƙasan saman ruwan teku, ƙarfin ƙarfin igiyar ruwa, a matsakaicin lokaci, yawanci ya ninka sau biyar fiye da ƙarfin iskar da ke gudana sama da mita 20 a saman tekun, kuma sau 10 zuwa 30 ya fi ƙarfin hasken rana.[3] == Tarihi == Alamar farko da aka sani don fitar da makamashi daga raƙuman teku ya kasance a cikin 1799, wanda Pierre-Simon Girard da ɗansa suka shigar a birnin Paris.[8] Bochaux-Praceique ne ya kera na'urar farko a shekara ta 1910 don samar da wutar lantarki a gidansa a Royan, Faransa.[9] Ya bayyana cewa wannan ita ce nau'in na'urar makamashin igiyar ruwa ta farko.[10] Daga 1855 zuwa 1973 akwai takardun haƙƙin mallaka 340 da aka shigar a cikin Burtaniya kaɗai.[8] mm8hzqtyit89e80ybuftklrjr98654r 0 105437 975062 909816 2026-11-01T23:08:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Cibiyar Free Ulema - [[Libya]] kungiya ce ta manyan shugabannin addini, ko [[Ulama'u|ulama]], daga dukkan yankuna na Libya. Saboda matsalolin tsaro na ci gaba tare da iyalai da abokan hulɗa na waɗanda ke adawa da [[Muammar Gaddafi]] da aka yi garkuwa da su ba a saki sunayen membobin ba. Koyaya, sun kasance da murya sosai a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na duniya a duk lokacin Yaƙin basasar Libya, suna sakin maganganu, roƙo, kira, amincewa, martani da fatwas. Tun lokacin da aka 'yantar da Libya Cibiyar Ulema ta 'Yanci ta kafa babbar kungiya ta malaman addinin Libya da ake kira League of Libyan Ulema, karkashin jagorancin Sheikh Umar Abdul Hamid al Mawlud . == Mambobin Cibiyar sadarwa == Cibiyar sadarwa ta kunshi manyan malaman addinin [[Musulmi]] ko [[Ulama'u|ulama]], kuma kowannensu yana da ƙwarewa daban-daban da kuma asalin kabilanci daban-daban daga da kewayen [[Libya]]. Dangane da asalin Cibiyar da aka buga a kasan Sanarwar manema labarai membobin sun hada da cakuda manyan alƙalai, lauyoyi, likitoci, injiniyoyi, farfesa na jami'a, masu ilimi, da malamai, marubuta, da mawaƙa. Dangane da rubuce-rubuce a kan hanyar sadarwa, waɗannan sun haɗa da rabo na matasa, da maza da mata. Mutane galibi suna da ilimi a Libya, duk da haka, akwai kuma mutane da yawa da suka sami ilimi a kasashen waje. Dangane da maganganun Cibiyar sadarwa, sun fito ne daga rukuni daban-daban na "makarantu da ra'ayoyi daban-daban" kuma sun yi imani "a cikin wadatar jam'iyya, gami da hikimar tattaunawa da sadarwa tare da duk sauran addinai da al'adu". Cibiyar sadarwa tana nuna murkushe ayyukan farar hula da ƙarfin mulkin Gaddafi a kan mutanenta a lokacin mulkin [[Muammar Gaddafi]] na tsawon shekaru arba'in. Sun jaddada duk da haka game da al'ummar farar hula ta Libya cewa hanyar sadarwarsu: {{Blockquote|…is only one dimension of Libya's very rich and sophisticated [[Civil Society]], which has always been there, but has had to go clandestine for many years because of the regime's repressive policies. In the New Libya, all these seeds will sprout into a rich and vibrant culture, unified, and mutually respectful. For the time being, security conditions do not allow us to publish a list of members. We will publish such a list as soon as we can.<ref name="interfaith.cam.ac.uk"/>}} == Bayanan hukuma Yakin basasar Libya == === Bayanan Jaridu === An saki wasu sakonnin manema labarai a matsayin martani ga yakin basasa da aka yi wa tsohon gwamnatin Gaddafi. * '''Asabar 19 Fabrairu 2011''' - Kayan Kayan Kisan Kayan Kudancin Aljanu a LIBYA Yayin da [[gwamnati]] ta mayar da martani ga zanga-zangar zaman lafiya tare da tashin hankali mai yawa, limaman Libya sun fitar da sanarwa ta farko. Sanarwar ta fito ne daga 'masanan addini (Faqihs da Sufi Sheikhs) , masu ilimi, da dattawan dangin daga [[Tripoli]], Bani Walid, Zintan, Jadu, Msalata, Misrata, Zawiya, da sauran garuruwa da ƙauyuka na yammacin yankin ƙaunataccen Libya ga dukan bil'adama, ga dukan maza da mata masu alheri. , * '''Litinin 21 ga Fabrairu 2011''' - Kira don Cikakken REBELLION IN LIBYA, A ranar 21 ga Fabrairu, Cibiyar Free Ulema ta yi kira ga cikakken tawaye a kan gwamnatin Gaddafi a Libya. Wannan ya zo ne bayan babban murkushewa kan zanga-zangar zaman lafiya ta hanyar amfani da makamai na jirgin sama, da manyan [[Artillery|bindigogi]]. Malaman nan da nan sun yi kira ga mutane su dauki mataki a kan mulkin, suna mai cewa aikin addini ne na tsayayya da zalunci da zalunci. Sun ba da shawarar cewa ayyukan gwamnatin Gaddafi sun sa su 'ba su cancanci kowane biyayya ko tallafi ba, kuma sun sa tawaye da su ta kowace hanya ya yiwu a matsayin aikin da aka ba da umarni ga kowane [[Musulmi]], namiji ko mace, har zuwa iyakar iyawarsu.' Sun kuma goyi bayan fatwas na Sheikh Sadiq al Ghriani a kan gwamnati. Sanarwar ta kuma yi kira ga a saki Ghriani nan take. * '''Talata 22 Fabrairu 2011''' - APPEAL don HELP * '''Talata 22 Fabrairu 2011''' - HELP IN STOPPING MERCENARIES Bayan fahimtar duka a Libya da na duniya, ana amfani da ma'aikata don aiwatar da ayyukan tashin hankali wanda sojoji na Libya bazai son aiwatar da shi ba, kamar harbi fararen hula hanyar sadarwar ta kaddamar da kira ga al'ummomin duniya, na bangaskiya, da na jama'ar duniya. Sun kaddamar da roko don neman taimako mai yawa don dakatar da samar da sojoji ga Gaddafi zuwa Libya, suna roƙon ƙasashe makwabta kada su ba da izinin tashi daga kasashensu, da kuma ɗaukar matakai na siyasa da / ko shari'a a kan kamfanonin tsaro da sararin samaniya waɗanda ke ba da sabis ga Gaddaf. Sun kuma jaddada cewa waɗannan kungiyoyi ko ƙasashe waɗanda ke da hannu kai tsaye ko a kaikaice a cikin samar da ma'aikata waɗanda ake amfani da su don murkushe zanga-zangar zaman lafiya tare da tashin hankali mai yawa za a ga su a matsayin sauƙaƙe laifuka a kan bil'adama, kuma ana iya bin su ta hanyar [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|Kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya]]. * '''Laraba 23 ga Fabrairu 2011''' - Bayani da Bayani na Bayani na 17 ga Fabrairun 2011 Shahararren goyon baya ga tawaye a kan Gaddafi, da kuma kin amincewar Gaddafi don yin aiki tare da masu zanga-zangar, sannan kuma tashin hankali kan zanga-zambe, yana nufin cewa wani tsari na siyasa ya zama mai yiwuwa don amincewa a Libya. Sautin irin wannan tsarin siyasa na daban ya kasance daga wadanda ke jagorantar juyin juya halin da ya fara a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu. Wadannan sun kasance na dimokuradiyya gabaɗaya. Shugabannin addinai na cibiyar sadarwa ta Free Ulema sun sake maimaita ra'ayi mai zurfi da ke kira ga 'kafa sabuwar gwamnatin dimokuradiyya wacce ke da tsarin mulki kuma tana girmama ikon ɗan adam da aka ba da kyauta ta Allah kuma an san ta da duniya, sauya ikon zaman lafiya, bambancin, gwamnati mai tsabta da tsabta, rabuwa da iko (tare da dubawa da ma'auni), wanda da aminci da aminci ke ƙoƙarin yin hidima ga maza masu ƙarfin zuciya, mata, da yara na Libya tare da nuna gaskiya, ibada, da ibada. Muna kira ga dukkan Musulmai, maza da mata, da su goyi bayan wannan sabuwar gwamnati da kuma yin aiki tuƙuru don kare Libya mai mulkinmu da hadin kai da babban birnin Tripoli. * '''Asabar 26 Fabrairu 2011''' - KIRAN DUNIYA TA DAKATAR DA HALLAKA Bayan da ya tabbata cewa Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da al'ummar duniya gabaɗaya suna da niyyar ɗaukar matakin diflomasiyya akan Muammar Gaddafi, malaman addini suka yi kira da a taimaka wa mutane ta fuskar jin kai. Sun bayyana cewa dubban mutane sun riga sun mutu, lamarin da ya dace da bayanan da dama daga kafofin watsa labarai.<ref>{{citation | url = http://www.news.com.au/world/thousands-killed-in-libya-unrest-says-deputy-un-ambassador/story-e6frfkyi-1226012362147 | title = Thousands killed in Libya unrest, says deputy UN ambassador Ibrahim Dabbashi | publisher = News.Com.Au | place = Australia | date = February 26, 2011 | access-date = July 12, 2025 | archive-date = June 29, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110629180151/http://www.news.com.au/world/thousands-killed-in-libya-unrest-says-deputy-un-ambassador/story-e6frfkyi-1226012362147 | url-status = dead}}</ref> An kuma fara wani takardar neman goyon baya a shafin neman sa hannu na yanar gizo domin tallafa wa kiran malaman addini. * '''Lahadi 27 Fabrairu 2011''' - GOYON BAYAN SABON GWAMNATI NA RIKON KWARYA Saboda gagarumin goyon bayan jama'a ga juyin juya halin da ke Libya an kafa wata gwamnati ta wucin gadi a birnin Benghazi da ke gabashin Libya, ɗaya daga cikin biranen farko da tashin hankali ya fara. Kungiyar Malaman Musulmi 'yan 'yanci ta mara wa wannan gwamnati baya a matsayin madadin gwamnatin Gaddafi da ke shirin rushewa, inda ta fitar da sanarwa tana nuna goyon baya da amincewa da gwamnatin rikon kwarya. Sanarwar su ta nuna yadda zubar da jini da yawa ke sa gwamnatin Gaddafi ta zama ba halastacciya ba bisa addini, jin kai da ɗabi'a. Sun kuma mara wa jerin sanarwar juyin juya hali na 17 Fabrairu 2011 baya, da kuma sanarwar kafa sabon gwamnatin rikon kwarya da lauya Mustafa Abdel Jalil ya bayyana daga Benghazi.<ref>{{citation | url = http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=210171 | title = Libya: Rebels await counter-attack; Gaddafi defiant | publisher = The Jerusalem Post | place = Jerusalem | date = February 28, 2011}}</ref> * '''Talata 1 Maris 2011''' - A DAKATAR DA WATSAR DA SAƘON KISAN KAI Ci gaba da amfani da talabijin na gwamnati da gwamnatin Gaddafi ke yi ya zama batu na musamman, bayan da ya tabbata cewa ragowar ababen more rayuwar gwamnatin Gaddafi na amfani da tashar talabijin don kiran tashin hankali ga matasan da ake zargi da zama cikin wata makircin Al Qaeda da kuma haddasa tashin hankali ta hanyar amfani da kwayoyin hauka. Sanarwar ta yi magana kai tsaye da shugabannin kamfanonin watsa shirye-shirye da waɗanda ke samar da bandwidth, inda aka ce suna da hannu wajen watsa irin waɗannan saƙonni. Intelsat, Eutelsat, NileSat, da ArabSat an ambata musamman a matsayin waɗanda ke ba da damar watsa shirye-shirye ga talabijin na gwamnati. An roƙi su da su daina ba da damar watsa shirye-shiryen ga wata gwamnati da ake zargi da aikata laifukan cin zarafin ɗan adam. * '''Laraba 2 Maris 2011''' - KIRA GA DUNIYA TA AMINCE DA SABON KUNGIYAR RIKON KWARYA TA LIBYA Bayan amincewarsu da sabuwar gwamnatin rikon kwarya a ranar 27 Fabrairu 2011, malaman addini daga Network of Free Ulema sun sake fitar da kira ga ƙasashen duniya da ƙungiyoyi na duniya su amince da wannan sabuwar gwamnatin. Sun bayyana cewa hanya mafi dacewa da za a tallafa wa 'yan Libya ita ce ta hanyar amincewa da shugabancin rikon kwarya. Shafin yanar gizon kungiyar ya lissafa birane da yankuna da ƙungiyoyi da suka nuna goyon baya ga sabuwar gwamnatin rikon kwarya ciki har da Asabi'a, Zuwara, Gharyan, Yafran, Janzur, Nalut, Zawiya, Khoms, 'Aziziya, Qasr Bin Gashir, Zintan, Zelten, Jadu, Tamzin, Misrata, Bani Walid, Msallata, Ra's Lanuf, Brak, Ajdabiya, Jalu, Awjila, Kufra, Benghazi, Marj, Bayda, Derna, Tubruk, da Jaghbub. ‘Yankuna da dama na sojin Libya da ‘yan sanda sun bayyana goyon bayansu, kuma an kafa wani kwamitin da ke tsara ayyukan soja. Malaman Musulmi irin su Network of Free Ulema da Sheikh al-Sadiq al-Ghriani suma sun amince da gwamnatin rikon kwarya. Matasa da suka fara wannan gagarumin canji ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin matasa irin su Libyan Youth Movement suma suna goyon bayan wannan gwamnati. * '''Talata 8 Maris 2011''' - GODIYA GA MAJALISAR HADA KAI TA GULF Makon farko na watan Maris ya ga karuwar matsin lamba ta diflomasiyya kan gwamnatin Gaddafi, tare da wasu ƙasashen duniya suna kokarin nuna goyon baya ga sabuwar gwamnatin wucin gadi, ciki har da wata sanarwa daga gwamnatin Faransa wadda ba ta kai matakin amincewa ba da gangan. Ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa ta ƙasashen Larabawa na yankin Gulf ta fara nuna sha’awa ga wannan gwamnatin. Ministan harkokin wajen Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, H.E. Sheikh Abdallah Bin Zayed Al Nahyan, ya bayyana a taron ministocin harkokin wajen ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa ta Gulf da aka gudanar a Abu Dhabi a ranar 7 Maris cewa "muna kira ga al’ummar duniya, musamman Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, su ɗauki nauyin taimaka wa 'yan Libya." Ya ci gaba da yin kira mafi ƙarfi da aka taɓa ji a lokacin, yana cewa "kisan kiyashin da gwamnati ke yi wa 'yan ƙasa laifukan cin zarafin ɗan adam ne da ke bukatar la’anta." Ministocin Majalisar Hadin Kan Gulf sun yi tarayya wajen la’antar amfani da makamai kan fararen hula kuma suka yi kira ga Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Larabawa su kare 'yan Libya.<ref>{{citation | url = http://m.gulfnews.com/news/region/libya/gcc-calls-for-un-action-on-libya-1.773101 | title = GCC calls for UN action on Libya | publisher = Gulf News | place = UAE | date = March 8, 2011 | access-date = July 12, 2025 | archive-date = March 15, 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120315072556/http://m.gulfnews.com/news/region/libya/gcc-calls-for-un-action-on-libya-1.773101 | url-status = dead }}</ref> * '''Talata 8 Maris 2011''' - GA MATA MABARATA NA LIBYA A ranar Mata ta Duniya 2011, kungiyar Network of Free Ulema – Libya ta fitar da wata sanarwa tana yabawa da gudummawar da mata suka bayar wajen yaki da mulkin danniya na Gaddafi, da kuma muhimmiyar rawar da mata ke takawa wajen gina 'Libya mai 'yanci'.<ref>{{citation | url = http://www.tahrirsquared.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/12_NFUPressRelease_WomensDay_08_03_11.pdf | title = The Brave Women of Libya | publisher = Network of Free Ulema of Libya | place = Libya | date = 8 March 2011 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Haka kuma sun bayyana goyon bayansu ga jigon wannan shekarar wato "daidaitaccen damar zuwa ilimi".<ref>{{citation | url = https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/iwd/| title = International Women's Day | publisher = WomenWatch | place = Geneva | date = 8 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{citation | url = http://www.tahrirsquared.net/2011/03/08/libya-emergency-site/ | title = Libyan Scholars Declare Support for Women | publisher = Tahrir Squared | place = Egypt | date = 8 March 2011 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * '''Talata 15 Maris 2011''' - KARE 'YAN JARIDA Bayan jerin hare-hare na dabbanci, kama da kuma kisan wani ɗan jarida da dakarun Gaddafi suka yi, kungiyar ta fitar da wata sanarwa tana goyon bayan kafafen watsa labarai masu zaman kansu da kuma adawa da makaman yada yaɗuwar ƙarya daga kafafen watsa labarai da gwamnati ke goyon baya. Kamfen ɗin razanarwa da kuma katse hanyar watsa labarai na duniya mai inganci, wani muhimmin abu ne da Gaddafi ke amfani da shi don sake kafawa kansa ikon mulki, inda al’umma ke samun damar kallon shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don nuna masa goyon baya kawai. Rahotannin daga kafafen watsa labarai da gwamnati ke marawa baya ba su da alaƙa da gaskiyar abin da ke faruwa kamar yadda shaidu da kafafen yada labarai na duniya ke bayarwa.<ref>{{citation | url = http://www.freeulema.org/communiques/13_NFUPressRelease_ProtectingJournalists_15-03-11.pdf | title = Protecting Journalists | publisher = Network of Free Ulema | place = Libya | date = 15 March 2011 | access-date = 12 July 2025 | archive-date = 20 July 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220720015029/http://www.freeulema.org/communiques/13_NFUPressRelease_ProtectingJournalists_15-03-11.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> ===Sanarwa=== * '''Alhamis 3 Maris 2011''' - MARTANI GA SHAWARAR CHAVEZ Da zaran jama’a suka samu labarin, kungiyar ta fitar da wata sanarwa dangane da shawarwarin tattaunawar zaman lafiya da Hugo Chavez ya gabatar wa Gaddafi da gwamnatin sa. Kungiyar ta bayyana cewa zargin laifukan cin zarafin ɗan adam da Gaddafi da abokan aikinsa suka aikata a kan al’ummar Libya ya sa gwamnati ta rasa halaccinta, kuma cewa majalisar rikon kwarya da ke da goyon bayan mafi yawan jama’a ita ce hanyar halastacciya da duniya za ta bi wajen hulɗa da Libya.<ref>{{citation | url = http://www.ansamed.it/en/libia/news/ME.XEF58990.html | title = LIBYA:NETWORK OF FREE ULEMA,CHAVEZ MUST SIDE AGAINST GADDAFI | publisher = ANSA | place = Italy | date = 3 March 2011 | access-date = 12 July 2025 | archive-date = 4 September 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110904032458/http://www.ansamed.it/en/libia/news/ME.XEF58990.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> ==Bayani na Jama'a da Hirarraki da Kafofin Yada Labarai== ===Bayani na Jama'a=== A ranar 3 ga Maris 2011, yayin wata gangamin tsoratarwa, kafin wani zanga-zanga da ake sa ran zai faru bayan Sallar Juma'a a ranar 4 ga Maris, inda matasa masu magana da kafofin yada labarai na duniya da manyan masu suka ga kusancin Gaddafi suke kama suna kuma zargin ana azabtar da su, Cibiyar Malamai 'Yan Ceto ta fitar da wani bayani na jama'a. Wasu majiyoyi sun bayyana cewa 'yan uwa na wasu mutanen an kama su kuma ana amfani da su a matsayin jingina. Bayanin ya ce: {{blockquote|Wannan sanarwa ce ta GAGGAWA ga duniya da kotun hukunta laifukan kasa da kasa musamman, cewa Gaddafi da abokan laifinsa suna aiwatar da wata babbar makarkashiyar kama mutane a Tripoli da kewayenta, da nufin ‘tsabtace’ shugabannin matasa kafin Sallar Juma'a gobe, da kuma don su ‘yi kyau’ a idanun kafofin yada labarai na duniya, wanda aka gayyata zuwa Tripoli a matsayin wani kamfen din gyaran suna da ke kokarin rufe laifukan da suka ci zarafin mutanen Libiya masu jarumtaka. Muna kira ga kowa da kowa da ke da kyakkyawar niyya a duniya, da ya yi duk mai yiwuwa don ceto matasanmu daga hannun Gaddafi, 'yan barandarsa, da mayakansa. <ref>{{citation | url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/02/21/gadhafi-libya-protests_n_826272.html | title = Gadhafi's Support Crumbles As Libya Protests Continue | publisher = Huffington Post | place = US | date = 21 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{citation | url = http://voices.washingtonpost.com/blog-post/2011/03/gaddafis_forces_continue_strik.html | archive-url = https://archive.today/20120717094139/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/blog-post/2011/03/gaddafis_forces_continue_strik.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = July 17, 2012 | title = Obama says Gaddafi 'must leave'; Friday protests planned for Tripoli | newspaper = The Washington Post | place = US | date = March 3, 2011}}</ref>}} ==Ra'ayoyi Kan Gwamnatin Libya Ta Gaba== Sanarwa da hirarrakin kungiyar Network of the Free Ulema suna nuna wasu muhimman batutuwa da ke bayyana burinsu ga kasar Libya bayan Gaddafi. Ta hakan suna nuna kansu a matsayin muryar ɗabi'a ko jagoranci na ƙasa, ba wai ƙungiyar siyasa ba. Wannan ya bambanta su da matsayin malaman [[Iran]] da suka zurfafa a cikin siyasa, da kuma da yawa daga cikin shugabannin Musulmai na ƙasashe daban-daban da ke nuna halin ko-in-kula ko kuma kare masu mulki. ===Rawar Addini a Siyasa=== Kungiyar na jaddada banbancin iko na addini da iko na siyasa. A dukkanin sanarwar da suka fitar, kungiyar ta bayyana cewa ba jam’iyyar siyasa ba ce. Suna kallon kansu a matsayin masu riƙe da ikon ɗabi’a, suna cewa "manufarmu guda ɗaya ita ce tsayawa kan mafi girman ƙimar addini, ruhi, ɗabi’a da ɗan adam, da kuma hidima ga ƙasarmu mai albarka Libya."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.interfaith.cam.ac.uk/en/news-events/libya |title=Cambridge Inter-Faith Programme - CIP's Senior Advisor blogs about Libya |publisher=Interfaith.cam.ac.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-03-07 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A wurare da dama, kungiyar ta bayyana ra'ayin cewa kamata ya yi Libya ta kasance da tsarin siyasa mai 'yanci da dimokuradiyya, inda malamai na addini za su ba da shawarwari da koyi, tare da haɗa addini a rayuwar jama'a. Wannan ya bambanta da tsarin rashin addini da ke cikin Faransa. Ga wani ɓangare daga wata hira da memba: {{blockquote|Mutanen Libya Musulmai ne masu addini, ko da yake darajar addini tana bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum – daga masu ra’ayin rashin addini zuwa 'yan hagu har zuwa masu tsananin ibada – da kuma mabiya makarantu daban-daban na addini. Duk da haka, yawancin 'yan Libya mabiya ne na al'ada, suna bin akidar tsohon tsari na Azhar. Tsarin da ke bayyana a yanzu wanda ke haɗa waɗannan bambance-bambancen shi ne na wata ƙasa mai 'yanci. Wannan na iya zama irin tsarin mulkin yanci na Anglo-Amurka wanda ke da sarari ga masu addini, ba wai tsarin rashin addini mai adawa da addini ba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ansamed.info/en/libia/news/ME.XEF63350.html |title=LYBIA:ULEMA AGAINST GADDAFI, NO FLY ZONE TO DEFEND PEOPLE*** - Lybia - ANSAMED.info |access-date=2011-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304221533/http://www.ansamed.info/en/libia/news/ME.XEF63350.html |archive-date=2011-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref>}} ===Mulki da Sauyin Siyasa=== Kungiyar na magana akan buƙatar samun mafita ga rikicin Libya ba tare da shigar ƙasashen waje ba. Wata kila saboda tsoron zama kamar Afghanistan ko [[Iraƙi|Iraq]], kungiyar ta jaddada cewa duk wani aiki daga sojojin ƙetare ya kamata ya bi ta hanyar gwamnatin rikon kwarya, domin kada a karya 'yancin kai na Libya. Ga wani ɓangare daga hira da kafofin watsa labarai: {{blockquote|Muna adawa da duk wani shigar sojoji cikin ƙasarmu mai albarka. Amma mutane sun kasa jure rinjayen Gaddafi ta sama. Ya yi amfani da jiragen yaki wajen harbi fararen hula marasa makami. Saboda haka muna goyon bayan kafa yankin da jirage ba za su iya shawagi ba, ko da kuwa hakan yana buƙatar amfani da ƙarfin soja a ɗan lokaci. Duniya dole ta gane gwamnatin rikon kwarya da majalisa, kuma sahihan wakilan al’ummar Libya su nemi taimako domin kada a karya ‘yancin kai na Libya.<ref name="ansamed1"/>}} ===Ra'ayi Kan Sabon Kundin Tsari=== Akwai wasu maganganu da ke nuna burin kungiyar dangane da sabon kundin tsarin mulki. Kungiyar na magana akan 'haƙƙin ɗan adam da Allah Ya tanadar' da kuma 'haƙƙin da duniya ta amince da su', suna nuni da yiwuwar cewa gwamnati mai zuwa ba za ta ga sabani tsakanin ƙimar Musulunci da yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa ba, kamar yadda aka gani a wasu ƙasashe: {{blockquote|Sabuwar gwamnati ta dimokuradiyya wacce ke bin kundin tsarin mulki kuma tana girmama haƙƙin ɗan adam da Allah Ya tanadar da kuma wanda duniya ta amince da su, saukin sauya mulki cikin lumana, bambancin ra’ayi, gwamnati da aka zaɓa mai tsafta, raba iko (tare da duba-da-daidaici), wacce ke aiki da gaskiya da tsoron Allah da sadaukarwa domin hidimar jaruman maza da mata da yara na Libya.<ref name="ansamed1"/>}} ===Ra'ayi Kan Mata=== Kungiyar ta fitar da sanarwa a Ranar Mata ta Duniya. Sun ga wannan rana a matsayin kiran neman 'yanci – ba kawai ga jama’ar Libya ba, amma musamman ga mata. "Allah ya sa wannan rana ta musamman ta zamo abin koyi ga Sabuwar Libya Mai 'Yanci." Wannan na nuna cewa Libya bayan Gaddafi za ta iya kasancewa inda mata ba za a takura musu da ra’ayoyin malamai masu tsattsauran ra’ayi ba. Malaman addinin sun nuna ra’ayi mai cike da ci gaba game da matsayin mata a cikin al’umma. Marubuciya Shelina Janmohammed ta rubuta a shafinta cewa: “Yana da kyau ganin irin wannan fahimta daga Ulema, da kuma yadda suka gane muhimmancin mata da matsayin da ya kamata a ba su. Wannan ya ba ni fata ga sauyi.”<ref>{{citation | url = http://www.spirit21.co.uk/2011/03/women-stuck-between-the-darkness-of-jahiliyyah-and-a-brighter-dawn/ | title = Women stuck between the darkness of Jahiliyyah and a brighter dawn | publisher = Spirit 21 | place = UK | date = March 9, 2011 | access-date = July 12, 2025 | archive-date = June 24, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180624093221/http://www.spirit21.co.uk/2011/03/women-stuck-between-the-darkness-of-jahiliyyah-and-a-brighter-dawn/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> ===Wajibi Na Addini Don Kaurace Wa Zalunci=== Tun farkon juyin juya hali, kungiyar ta fitar da kira ga 'yan Libya su tashi su bijire wa mulkin danniya na Gaddafi. Wannan kira ya jawo hankalin mutane sosai, inda rahotanni suka bayyana haka a cikin kafafen yada labarai da kuma wasu rubuce-rubucen ilimin addini.<ref>{{citation | url = http://www.religiondispatches.org/dispatches/hahellyer/4328/libya's_religious_leaders_take_surprising_position:/ | title = Libya's Religious Leaders Take Surprising Position | publisher = Religion Dispatches | place = US | date = March 3, 2011 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Duk da cewa wasu marubuta sun nuna shakku, a wata hira da wata kafar labarai ta Italiya, wani memba daga cikin kungiyar ya ce akwai haɗin kai a duniya wajen adawa da Gaddafi:<ref name="ansamed1">{{cite web |url=http://www.ansamed.info/en/libia/news/ME.XEF63350.html |title=Libya:Ulema Against Gaddafi, No Fly Zone To Defend People*** - Libya |publisher=ANSAMED.info |date= |accessdate=2011-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304221533/http://www.ansamed.info/en/libia/news/ME.XEF63350.html |archive-date=2011-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{blockquote|Mutanen Libya na da cikakkiyar imani. Ruhin Musulunci da ibada na cike da fata, imani da jin kai – waɗanda su ne ginshiƙan ƙimominsu. Ƙimomin Musulunci na adalci da gaskiya, da kuma muhimmancin kawar da muguntar zalunci suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin juyin juya hali. Amma kamar kowanne ɗan adam, 'yan Libya na sha’awar 'yanci. 'Yanci daraja ce ta addini da kuma ɗabi’a. A Libya a yau ana darajanta ta da gaske, ko da kai mai addini ne ko a'a.<ref name="ansamed1"/>}} ==Kafa Kungiyar Malaman Libiya Bayan 'Yanci== A ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 2012, a birnin Tripoli, mambobin wannan Rukunin sun taru tare da manyan malamai na addini daga Libiya don sanar da kafuwar League of Libyan Ulema.<ref>{{citation | url = http://main.omandaily.om/node/86207 | title = غياب المصالحة في بلدان التغيير | publisher = Oman Daily | place = Oman | date = February 28, 2012 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Shugaban kungiyar shine Sheikh Dr Umar Abdul Hamid al Mawlud, tare da wata majalisar malamai masu ilimi da ke cikin kungiyar.<ref>{{citation | url = http://www.albiladdaily.com/news.php?action=show&id=93002 | title = التركي يبحث أوضاع الدعوة الإسلامية في ليبيا | publisher = Al Bilad | place = Saudi Arabia | date = February 16, 2012 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta== {{reflist|2}} 6lhz75maxvks3zy8xqosqzwlbzvng8v 0 105467 974932 961219 2026-11-01T17:41:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Kimar yawan mutanen da suka mutu a yakin soja na shekarar 2011 a ƙasar Libya ya bambanta, inda kididdiga ke nuna adadi daga 15,000 zuwa 30,000 tsakanin ranar 2 ga Maris da 2 ga watan Oktoba, 2011.<ref name="flee" /> Ba a iya tantance adadi na gaske ba, saboda takunkumin da gwamnatin Libya ta sanya wa kafafen yada labarai. Wasu kididdigar masu taka-tsantsan sun bayyana. Wasu daga cikin kashe-kashen "na iya kai ga laifin cin zarafin ɗan adam" a cewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya<ref name="UNSC_1970" /> kuma tun daga watan Maris 2011, ana gudanar da bincike a kansu daga Kotun Duniya ta Shari’ar Laifuka.<ref name="ICC_4march" /> == Mutuwar da sojojin gwamnati suka haifar == A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairu, [[International Coalition Against War Criminals|Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya da ke Yakin Masu Laifin Yaƙi]] ta ba da kimantawa cewa mutane 519 sun mutu, 3,980 sun ji rauni kuma sama da 1,500 sun ɓace.<ref name="aljazblog22feb">{{Cite web |date=February 22, 2011 |title=Live Blog – Libya Feb&nbsp;22 |url=http://blogs.aljazeera.net/africa/2011/02/22/live-blog-libya-feb-22 |access-date=February 22, 2011 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> Human Rights Watch ta kiyasta cewa an kashe akalla mutane 233 a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu. A ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, Ministan Harkokin Waje na Italiya Franco Frattini ya bayyana cewa bisa ga bayanansa mutane 1,000 sun mutu ya zuwa yanzu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 22, 2011 |title=Live Blog – Libya Feb&nbsp;23 |url=http://blogs.aljazeera.net/africa/2011/02/22/live-blog-libya-feb-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223065752/http://blogs.aljazeera.net/africa/2011/02/22/live-blog-libya-feb-23 |archive-date=February 23, 2011 |access-date=February 23, 2011 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, [[Ƙungiyar Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam ta Duniya|IFHR]] ta ce an kashe sojoji 130 a Benghazi da Bayda, bayan sun tayar da kayar baya kuma sun goyi bayan masu zanga-zangar. A ranar 25 ga Fabrairu, [[Navi Pillay]], Babban Kwamishinan Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ya ce rahotanni sun nuna cewa "an kashe dubban mutane ko sun ji rauni". == Mutuwar da sojojin 'yan tawaye suka haifar == Daga cikin jami'an tsaro akwai sama da mutane 1,700 da suka mutu, ciki har da fararen hula da ke goyon bayan gwamnati, wadanda ake zargi da ma'aikata da sojoji na gwamnati. Akwai rahotanni da yawa cewa gwamnati da 'yan adawa sun kashe mambobin tsaro. A ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, masu zanga-zangar sun rataye 'yan sanda biyu a Benghazi.<ref name="xinhuanet1">{{Cite web |date=February 19, 2011 |title=Two Policemen Hanged in Libya Protests |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2011-02/19/c_13739109.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223100803/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2011-02/19/c_13739109.htm |archive-date=February 23, 2011 |access-date=February 24, 2011 |publisher=[[Xinhua News Agency]]}}</ref> Har ila yau, a wannan rana, 'yan Afirka baƙi 50, galibi daga [[Cadi|Chadi]], masu zanga-zangar ne suka kashe su a Bayda. An kashe wasu daga cikinsu lokacin da masu zanga-zangar suka ƙone ofishin 'yan sanda inda suka kulle su kuma akalla an kashe 15 a gaban kotun a Bayda. An nuna gawarwakin wasu daga cikinsu kuma an kama su a bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Mercenary Killed in Libya |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q6akmd6tfxg |access-date=February 24, 2011 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 22, 2011 |title=African Mercenary Killed in Libya 2 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_s91AvXP2XQ&skipcontrinter=1 |access-date=February 24, 2011 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga watan Fabrairu, gwamnati ta tabbatar da cewa an kashe sojoji 111.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Libya Says 300 Dead in Violence, Including 111 Soldiers |url=http://www.asianage.com/international/libya-says-300-dead-violence-including-111-soldiers-193 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605040505/http://www.asianage.com/international/libya-says-300-dead-violence-including-111-soldiers-193 |archive-date=June 5, 2011 |access-date=February 24, 2011 |website=[[The Asian Age]]}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga watan Fabrairu, wani rukuni na sojoji 22 na gwamnati sun yi ƙoƙari su tsere daga sansanin jirgin sama kusa da Derna, wanda mayakan 'yan tawaye suka kewaye shi na kwanaki. A cikin sa'o'i, an kama su duka kuma a ƙarshe an harbe 14 daga cikinsu yayin da sojojin adawa suka rataye na 15. Tsakanin Fabrairu 15 da Mayu 22, an kashe tsoffin masu goyon bayan gwamnati 37 a Benghazi a cikin kisan gillar da wasu kungiyoyin adawa suka yi. Zuwa ƙarshen [[Battle of Sapalapapipa (2011)|Yaƙin Misrata]] (18 ga Fabrairu, 2011 - 15 ga Mayu, 2011), aƙalla 'yan Afirka 27 daga yankin Sahara daga Mali, Nijar ko Chadi, waɗanda ake zargi da kasancewa' yan kwangila, sojojin 'yan tawaye ne suka kashe su. == Mutuwar da sojojin hadin gwiwa suka haifar == Majiyoyin jami'an Libya sun yi iƙirarin cewa akalla tsakanin mutane 64 zuwa 90 ne aka kashe a lokacin bama-bamai a cikin kwanaki biyu na farko na shiga tsakani na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma wasu 150 sun ji rauni. Kamfanin dillancin labarai na Vatican ya yi iƙirarin cewa a Tripoli kadai, akalla fararen hula 40 sun mutu sakamakon yakin fashewar bam.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 31, 2011 |title="At Least 40 Civilian Deaths in Air Raid on Tripoli," Complains Apostolic Vicar of Tripoli, Repeating the Urgency for a Diplomatic Solution |url=http://www.fides.org/aree/news/newsdet.php?idnews=28698&lan=eng |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110407035539/http://www.fides.org/aree/news/newsdet.php?idnews=28698&lan=eng |archive-date=April 7, 2011 |access-date=March 31, 2011 |publisher=[[Agenzia Fides]]}}</ref> A cewar ofishin Lafiya na Libya, hare-haren jirgin sama sun kashe fararen hula 1,108 kuma sun ji rauni 4,500 a ranar 13 ga Yuli. * A ranar 1 ga Afrilu, hare-haren jiragen sama na NATO sun kashe mayakan 'yan tawaye 14 kuma sun jikkata wasu bakwai a kan gaba a Brega . * A ranar 7 ga Afrilu, rahotanni na labarai sun bayyana cewa 'yan tawaye na NATO sun kashe' yan tawaye 10-13 kuma sun ji rauni 14-22 kusa da garin mai na gabashin Brega.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 7, 2011 |title=NATO Checking Report of Air Strike on Libya Rebels |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jv_sNu4z2ePkq1HOS0P_x7-rgNdA?docId=CNG.6f1a3c295003e2f3af5b879590880652.321 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606095232/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jv_sNu4z2ePkq1HOS0P_x7-rgNdA?docId=CNG.6f1a3c295003e2f3af5b879590880652.321 |archive-date=June 6, 2011 |publisher=[[Agence France-Presse]]}}</ref> * A ranar 27 ga Afrilu, akalla jirgin yaki na NATO ya kai hari kan matsayin sojojin 'yan tawaye na Libya a kusa da birnin Misrata da aka kewaye, inda ya kashe mayakan 12 kuma ya jikkata wasu biyar. * A ranar 13 ga watan Mayu, an yi iƙirarin cewa an kashe [[Liman|Imamai]] 11 na addini kuma wasu 50 sun ji rauni lokacin da harin jirgin saman NATO ya kai hari kan babban taro a Brega suna addu'a don zaman lafiya a cikin rikici na Libya. * A ranar 19 ga Yuni, akalla fararen hula tara sun mutu a wani harin jirgin saman NATO a Tripoli. 'Yan jarida sun ga gawawwakin da aka cire daga ginin da aka rushe. NATO ta amince da cewa tana da alhakin mutuwar fararen hula. * A ranar 20 ga Yuni, gwamnatin Libya ta wancan lokacin, ta yi iƙirarin cewa fararen hula 15 ciki har da yara uku sun mutu ta hanyar harin jirgin saman NATO a kan Sorman. * A ranar 25 ga watan Yulin, an yi ikirarin kashe fararen hula 11 ta hanyar harin jirgin saman NATO a wani asibitin kiwon lafiya a Zliten. * A ranar 30 ga watan Yulin, an kashe 'yan jarida 3 kuma 15 sun ji rauni a hare-haren NATO a kan gidan talabijin na Libya Al-Jamahiriya, wanda ya ci gaba da watsa shirye-shirye bayan hare-harun. * A ranar '''9 ga watan Agusta''', gwamnatin Libya ta yi iƙirarin cewa an kashe fararen hula 85 a hare-haren jirgin saman NATO a kan Majer, ƙauyen da ke kusa da Zliten. Wani mai magana da yawun NATO ya tabbatar da cewa sun jefa bam a Zliten a ranar 8 da 9 ga watan Agusta, amma ya ce bai iya tabbatar da wadanda suka mutu ba. Gwamnatin Libya ta ayyana kwanaki uku na makoki na kasa. Daga baya aka kai 'yan jarida asibiti inda suka ga aƙalla gawawwakin 30 ciki har da gawarwakin akalla yara biyu. Gwamnatin Libya ta yi iƙirarin cewa an kai gawarwakin wasu da aka kashe a hare-haren sama zuwa wasu asibitoci. Kwamandan aikin soja na NATO a Libya, Lieutenant Janar Charles Bouchard ya ce "Ba zan iya gaskata cewa fararen hula 85 sun kasance ba lokacin da muka kai hari da sassafe, kuma an ba da bayananmu. Amma ba zan iya tabbatar muku da cewa babu wani ba". * A ranar 2 ga Maris, 2012, bayan kammala tashin hankali, Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta fitar da cikakken rahoto wanda ya kammala cewa a cikin jimlar fararen hula 60 ne aka kashe kuma 55 suka ji rauni ta yakin jirgin saman NATO. == Matsayi na Shari'a == A ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, 2011, Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNSC) ta bayyana a cikin Ƙudurin UNSC na 1970, "harin da aka yi a halin yanzu a Jamahiriya ta Larabawa a kan fararen hula na iya zama laifuka ga bil'adama" <ref name="UNSC_1970">{{Cite journal |date=February 26, 2011 |title=Resolution 1970 (2011) |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/NR/rdonlyres/081A9013-B03D-4859-9D61-5D0B0F2F5EFA/0/1970Eng.pdf |url-status=live |publisher=[[United Nations Security Council]] (via [[International Criminal Court]]) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516162124/http://www.icc-cpi.int/NR/rdonlyres/081A9013-B03D-4859-9D61-5D0B0F2F5EFA/0/1970Eng.pdf |archive-date=May 16, 2011 |access-date=August 14, 2011}}</ref> kuma ta kira "yanayin" a Libya tun daga ranar 15 ga Fabraira, zuwa Kotun hukunta mutane ta Duniya (ICC), <ref name="UNSC_1970" /> kotun dindindin wacce a halin yanzu za ta iya gurfanar da mutane saboda [[Kisan kiyashi|kisan kare dangi]], laifuka da bil'adadama ko [[Laifin Yaƙi|Laifukan yaki]]. A ranar 4 ga watan Maris, ICC ta sanya bincike kan lamarin ga Chamber I, wanda ya kunshi Alkalin Cuno Tarfusser daga [[Italiya]], Alkalin Sylvia Steiner daga [[Brazil]] da Alkalin [[Sanji Mmasenono Monageng]] daga [[Botswana]].<ref name="ICC_4march">{{Cite web |last= |date=March 7, 2011 |title=Situation in the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Assigned to Pre-Trial Chamber I |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/menus/icc/press%20and%20media/press%20releases/pr634 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403035242/http://www.icc-cpi.int/menus/icc/press%20and%20media/press%20releases/pr634 |archive-date=April 3, 2012 |access-date=August 14, 2011 |publisher=[[International Criminal Court]]}}</ref> Sakataren Janar na NATO Anders Fogh Rasmussen ya bayyana a ranar 28 ga watan Maris cewa NATO ba ta nuna son kai kuma ta fassara sharuddan UNSC Resolution 1973 kan kare fararen hula don amfani da su ga 'yan tawaye da sojojin gwamnati. BBC ta bayyana cewa "yan tawaye sun ji cewa suna da 'mahimmanci' game da aikin NATO, [yi imani] cewa kasashen yamma sun shiga su a cikin kamfen ɗin canjin mulki. " Sakatare Janar na NATO ya bayyana yiwuwar NATO za ta kai farmaki ga sojojin 'yan tawaye waɗanda ke jefa fararen hula cikin haɗari a matsayin "tunanin" a ranar hira. == Jerin lokutan mutuwar da aka ruwaito a kowane taron == === Mutuwar mayaƙa === ===Rasa rayukan masu yaƙi=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !!data-sort-type="date"|Kwanan wata !!data-sort-type="number"|Asarar adawar !!data-sort-type="number"|Asarar gwamnati !!Bayanin |- |16 Fabrairu |1 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Zanga-zanga a Roujdane.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.ipotnews.com/index.php?level2=newsandopinion&level3=&level4=LIFESTYLE&news_id=435902&group_news=ALLNEWS&taging_subtype=LIBYA&popular=&search=y&q=LIFESTYLE | publisher = Ipotnews |title=First Rebel To Die in Libya's West Now A Hero|date=March 2, 2011}}</ref> |- |17–20 Fabrairu |332–479 |163 |Farkon Yaƙin Benghazi |- |17–25 Fabrairu |300–700 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Farfadowar tarzoma a Tripoli |- |17 Fabrairu |4–10 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Zanga-zanga a Ajdabiya.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/17/libya-day-of-rage-unrest | work= The Guardian | author = Ian Black | title=Libya's day of rage met by bullets and loyalists | date=February 17, 2011 | location=London}}</ref> |- |18 Fabrairu |2 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Zanga-zanga a Qubah.<ref>[http://www.inewsone.com/2011/02/19/27-dead-in-fresh-protests-in-libya-opposition/29598 27 dead in fresh protests in Libya: Opposition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713030220/http://www.inewsone.com/2011/02/19/27-dead-in-fresh-protests-in-libya-opposition/29598 |date=July 13, 2011 }}. News One. February 19, 2011</ref> |- |18 Fabrairu – 15 Mayu |366 |358 |Yaƙin Misurata (2011) |- |20 Fabrairu |4 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Zanga-zanga a Tobruk.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-libya-protests-tobruk-idUKTRE71M0CO20110223 | work=Reuters | title=Exclusive – Tobruk celebrates, Libya's east abandons Gaddafi | date=February 23, 2011 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |20 Fabrairu |3 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Zanga-zanga a Zintan.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/apr/23/world/la-fg-libya-zintan-20110423/2 | title=Libyan rebels firmly in control in mountainous west | date=April 23, 2011 | work=Los Angeles Times | author=Daragahi, Borzou | access-date=April 25, 2011 | archive-date=July 8, 2012 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708144939/http://articles.latimes.com/2011/apr/23/world/la-fg-libya-zintan-20110423/2 | url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |20 Fabrairu |1 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Zanga-zanga a Zuwara.<ref>[https://www.hrw.org/en/news/2011/02/27/libya-fewer-police-abuses-zuwara-under-control-anti-government-forces "Libya: Fewer Police Abuses in Zuwara, Under Control of Anti-government Forces"]. Human Rights Watch (February 27, 2011). Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref> |- |21 Fabrairu – 22 Mayu |Ba a ruwaito ba |37 |Kisan fansa ga masu goyon baya a Benghazi.<ref name="newser.com"/> |- |21 Fabrairu |15 |3 |Yan tawaye sun kwace filin jirgin saman La Abraq a Bayda.<ref>[http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4e6f2d952.html The Battle for Libya: Killings, Disappearances and Torture]</ref> |- |22–24 Fabrairu |9 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Zanga-zanga a Gharyan.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6jpgW3kiNEY&skipcontrinter=1 "Libyan Soldiers Executed by Foreign African Mercenaries for Refusing to Kill Civilians (Feb. 2011)"]. YouTube (February 22, 2011). Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref><ref>[http://feb17.info/media/protesting-continues-during-funeral-procession-in-gharyan-feb-24-2/ "Protesting Continues During Funeral Procession of Gharyan Martyr (Feb. 24)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312012948/http://feb17.info/media/protesting-continues-during-funeral-procession-in-gharyan-feb-24-2/ |date=March 12, 2012 }}. Feb17.info (February 25, 2011). Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref> |- |23 Fabrairu |2 |15 |Kwato da kisa mayaƙan gwamnati a Derna.<ref name="GlobeAndMail_110401"/> |- |24 Fabrairu – 10 Maris |151 |65 |Farkon Yaƙin Zawiya |- |26 Fabrairu |22 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Kwato da kisa mayaƙan 'yan tawayen a Sirte.<ref name="washingtonpost1">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/26/AR2011022602622_2.html?sid=ST2011022602703 |title=Rebel Army May Be Formed as Tripoli Fails To Oust Gaddafi | newspaper = The Washington Post |date= February 27, 2011|access-date= February 28, 2011 |author1=Fadel, Leila |author2=Sly, Liz |author3=Faiola, Anthony }}</ref> |- |Karshen Fabrairu |3 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Hari kan sansanin soja a Gariyat.<ref>[https://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2011/09/18/general-ml-libya-desert-revolutions_8686135.html Libya revolution filters slowly to desert towns]{{dead link|date=January 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> |- |1 Maris – 18 Agusta |517–534 |397 |Kamfen ɗin tsaunukan Nafusa (2011) |- |1 Maris – 20 Yuli |27 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Yaƙi a kan iyakar Aljeriya-Libya.<ref>[http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Algeria-claims-7-foreign-terrorists-killed-20110720 Algeria claims 7 foreign terrorists killed]. Associated Press (July 20, 2011). Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref> |- |2 Maris |14 |2–10 |Farkon Yaƙin Brega |- |4–12 Maris |71–81 |4–27 |Yaƙin Ra's Lanuf |- |4 Maris |34–100 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Fashewar ɗakin makamai a Benghazi.<ref>[http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_world/view/1114628/1/.html "Gaddafi Forces Accused of 'Massacre' as Battles Rage"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812100854/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_world/view/1114628/1/.html |date=August 12, 2017 }}. Channel NewsAsia (March 6, 2011). Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/babylonbeyond/2011/03/libya-toll-in-rajmeh-arms-depot-explosions-near-benghazi-may-be-as-high-as-100-.html | work=Los Angeles Times|title=Libya: Toll in Rajmeh Arms Depot Explosions Near Benghazi May Be as High as 100 |date= March 5, 2011}}</ref> |- |6 Maris |182–230 |1 |Yaƙin Bin Jawad |- |13–15 Maris |7 |25 |Farkon Yaƙin Brega na biyu |- |14 Maris |7 |16 |Gwamnati ta sake mamaye Zuwara.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/fight-sabratha_590281.html?nopager=1|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130105164943/http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/fight-sabratha_590281.html?nopager=1|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 5, 2013|title=The Fight for Sabratha|date= August 16, 2011 | publisher = The Weekly Standard}}</ref> |- |15–26 Maris |136 |41 |Yaƙin Ajdabiya |- |15 Maris |1 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Jirgin yakin 'yan tawayen ya yi hatsari.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.democraticunderground.com/discuss/duboard.php?az=view_all&address=439x656425|title=Photo: Pilot Mohammed Mokhtar Osman Who Crashed into Baab Al Aziziyah|date= March 15, 2011 | publisher = Democratic Underground}}</ref> |- |17 Maris |Ba a ruwaito ba |1–2 |Hari da jiragen rundunar soji suka kai kan filin jirgin saman soja Benghazi.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/cf-18-jets-to-help-enforce-libya-no-fly-zone-1.1003364|title=Gadhafi Forces Bombing Benghazi: Witnesses|date= March 17, 2011 | publisher = CBC News}}</ref> |- |18 Maris |3 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Farkon Yaƙin Zuwetina.<ref name="As it happened: Libya crisis">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12776418|title=As It Happened: Libya Crisis|date= March 18, 2011 | work = BBC News}}</ref> |- |19–20 Maris |261 |27–30 |Yaƙin Benghazi na biyu |- |20 Maris |1 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Kisan dan fafutukar 'yan tawayen a Benghazi.<ref>[http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/writing-on-wall-for-street-artist/story-e6frg6so-1226028339330 "Writing on Wall for Street Artist"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318160638/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/writing-on-wall-for-street-artist/story-e6frg6so-1226028339330 |date=2014-03-18 }}. The Australian (March 25, 2011). Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref> |- |22–24 Maris |Ba a ruwaito ba |19–28 |Harin jiragen soji na haɗin gwiwa a Tripoli.<ref>Brigade commander killed (March 22),[http://blogs.aljazeera.net/live/africa/live-blog-libya-march-22#] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110324193103/http://blogs.aljazeera.net/live/africa/live-blog-libya-march-22 |date=March 24, 2011 }} 9 killed/rebel claim (March 23),{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20121122073420/http://archive.libyafeb17.com/2011/03/march-23-updates/]}} 18 killed (March 23/24)[http://tvnz.co.nz/world-news/west-hits-libya-fifth-time-4085889?ref=rss_world]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, total of 19–28 reported killed</ref> |- |26–30 Maris |12 |7 |Farkon harin Bahar Sidra |- |28 Maris |1 |Ba a ruwaito |Kisan wanda aka kama na 'yan tawayen a Sirte.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/17/gadaffi-torturers-kindness-sirte|title=Saved from Gaddafi's Torturers – By a Simple Gesture of Kindness|date= April 17, 2011 |work= The Guardian| author = Chris McGreal|location=London}}</ref> |- |31 Maris – 7 Afrilu |46–49 |28 |Yaƙin Brega na uku |- |3 Afrilu – 15 Yuni |25 |3 |Kamfen dazuzzukan Gabashin Libya |- |8 Afrilu – 13 Yuli |75–87 |94–95 |Yaƙin kan titin Brega–Ajdabiya |- |17 Afrilu |Ba a ruwaito ba |20 |Hari kan hedkwatar soja a Zawiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://townhall.com/news/us/2011/04/19/misrata_shelled_again,_casualties_seen|title=Misrata Shelled Again, Casualties Seen|date=April 19, 2011|publisher=townhall.com|access-date=July 13, 2025|archive-date=February 2, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202105429/http://townhall.com/news/us/2011/04/19/misrata_shelled_again,_casualties_seen|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |4 Mayu |1 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Dan tawayen ya mutu sanadiyar raunuka a Benghazi.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2011/05/libya_rebellion_continues.html|title= Libya: rebellion continues|newspaper= The Boston Globe|date= 16 May 2011|access-date= 7 November 2013|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205347/http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2011/05/libya_rebellion_continues.html|archive-date= 4 March 2016|url-status= dead}}</ref> |- |12 Mayu |1 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Wani mayaƙan haya dan Faransa ya mutu a Benghazi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/video/africa/2011/05/20115139534241170.html|title=Libyan Rebels Seek US Recognition|date= May 13, 2011 | publisher = Al Jazeera English}}</ref> |- |16 Mayu – 19 Agusta |435 |522–532 |Yaƙin layin gaba a Misurata |- |28 Mayu |12 |3 |Dakile zanga‑zangar adawa a Bani Walid.<ref>[https://www.hrw.org/news/2011/08/18/libya-10-protesters-apparently-executed Libya: 10 Protesters Apparently Executed]</ref> |- |29 Mayu |2 |3 |Dakile zanga‑zangar adawa a Tripoli.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110603093229/http://af.reuters.com/article/libyaNews/idAFLDE74T1UA20110530 "Activist Video Shows Big Anti-Gaddafi Protest in Tripoli"]. Reuters (May 30, 2011). Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref><ref name="hosted2.ap.org">[http://hosted2.ap.org/IDMOS/e0478123c3cf489bb836130ffdbd2b5f/Article_2011-06-15-ML-Libya-The-Tripoli-Opposition/id-30116dd699494a389a546b85291540f9 "Libyans Chafe Under Gadhafi's Rule in Tripoli"]. Associated Press (September 17, 2009). Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref> |- |May |3 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Kisa 'yan tawayen fursuna a Khoms.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14752785 Libyans celebrate their freedom as they mourn the dead]</ref> |- |May |40 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Kisan 'yan tawayen fursuna kusa da Tripoli.<ref>[http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/04/02/mass-grave-found-at-bab-al-azizya/ Mass grave found at Bab Al-Azizya]</ref> |- |2 Yuni |Ba a ruwaito ba |2 |Harin NATO a Aziziya.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110603022541/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/06/02/libya.war/ "More NATO Strikes Hit Libya"]. CNN. Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref> |- |7 Yuni |Ba a ruwaito ba |1 |Harin NATO a Tripoli.<ref>[https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2011-06-07-libya-tripoli-airstrikes_n.htm "Gadhafi Defiant in Face of Heaviest NATO Airstrikes in Libya"]. USA Today. Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref> |- |9–16 Yuni |22 |12 |Tashin Zliten |- |11–12 Yuni |30 |2 |Farmakin Zawiya |- |11 Yuni |1 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Tashin Sabha (2011) |- |13 Yuni |6 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Yaki a arewacin Zawiya.<ref>[http://uk.ibtimes.com/articles/161729/20110613/libyan-rebels-receiving-arms-from-qatar-and-tunisians-colonel-gaddafi.htm "Libyan Rebels Receiving Arms from Qatar and Tunisians?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003074715/http://uk.ibtimes.com/articles/161729/20110613/libyan-rebels-receiving-arms-from-qatar-and-tunisians-colonel-gaddafi.htm |date=October 3, 2011 }}. International Business Times (June 13, 2011). Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref> |- |16 Yuni |Ba a ruwaito ba |1 |Hari kan sintiri a Tripoli.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/18/world/africa/18libya.html?ref=africa "In Libya, More Novice Soldiers in Defense of Qaddafi"]. The New York Times.</ref> |- |17 Yuni |3 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Dakile zanga‑zangar adawa a Tripoli.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110624213653/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/06/19/libya.voices/index.html?iref=allsearch "What's Really Going On in Gadhafi's Tripoli?"]. CNN. Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref> |- |18 Yuni |Ba a ruwaito ba |1 |Harbin mugun harbi daga masu ɗabi’ar 'yan tawayen a Tripoli.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/21/world/africa/21libya.html "Libyan Media Minders Nervous After Guard Death"]. The New York Times.</ref> |- |19 Yuni |Ba a ruwaito ba |4 |Harin NATO a Sabha.<ref>[http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2011/0620/breaking61.html "Nato Admits Libya Bombing Error"]. The Irish Times. June 30, 2011.</ref> |- |23 Yuni |Ba a ruwaito ba |9 |Harin NATO kusa da Zliten.<ref>[http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/world/article/nato-chief-says-alliance-will-finish-job-in-libya/ "Nato Chief Says Alliance Will Finish Job in Libya"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110712181838/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/world/article/nato-chief-says-alliance-will-finish-job-in-libya/ |date=July 12, 2011 }}. The Malaysian Insider (June 24, 2011). Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref> |- |13 Yuli – 22 Agusta |144 |42 |Yaƙin Brega na huɗu |- |17 Yuli – 27 Satumba |28 |51 |Kamfen Fezzan |- |22 Yuli |Ba a ruwaito ba |6 |Harin NATO a tsibirin bututun mai kudu da Brega.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-strike-idUSTRE76L5I020110722?feedType=RSS&feedName=worldNews "Libya Says Six Killed in Airstrike Near Brega"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924154310/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/07/22/us-libya-strike-idUSTRE76L5I020110722?feedType=RSS&feedName=worldNews |date=September 24, 2015 }}. Reuters. Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref> |- |24–26 Yuli |Ba a ruwaito ba |7 |Hare-haren NATO a Zliten.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/07/25/libya.fighting/index.html?eref=rss_world "Libya's Zlitan Increasingly in Rebel, NATO Sights"]. CNN.</ref> |- |28 Yuli |3 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Kisan kwamandan 'yan tawayen a Benghazi.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14336122 "Libyan Rebel Commander Abdel Fattah Younes Killed"]. BBC News.</ref> |- |29 Yuli |4 |5 |Harbin magoya bayan gwamnati a gidan gyara a Benghazi.<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8675874/Libyan-rebels-step-up-purge-against-Gaddafi-loyalists.html "Libyan Rebels Step Up Purge Against Gaddafi Loyalists"]. The Daily Telegraph.</ref> |- |31 Yuli |3–6 |4–11 |Hari kan mafakar magoya baya a Benghazi.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/01/world/africa/01libya.html#h&#91;AwtSti&#93; "Benghazi Clash Exposes Cracks in Rebel Ranks"]. The New York Times.</ref><ref>[http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/gaddafi-cell-routed-by-libyan-rebels-20110801-1i6t7.html "Gaddafi cell routed by Libyan rebels"]. The Sydney Morning Herald.</ref><ref>[http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/rebels-clash-with-gaddafi-loyalists-in-rebel-held-east "Rebels clash with Gaddafi loyalists in rebel-held east"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609140119/http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/rebels-clash-with-gaddafi-loyalists-in-rebel-held-east |date=June 9, 2012 }}. Reuters (via AlertNet).</ref> |- |4 Agusta |3 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Tashin Msallata (2011) |- |13–28 Agusta |95 |95 |Hari na bakin teku na 'yan tawayen 2011 |- |20–28 Agusta |1,700 |128 |Yaƙin Tripoli (2011) |- |23 Agusta – 20 Oktoba |437 |236–903 |Farkon harin Bahar Sidra na biyu |- |28 Agusta |Ba a ruwaito ba |5 |Harin NATO a Taruna.<ref>[http://news.sky.com/story/876826/rebels-gaddafis-son-killed-in-air-strike Rebels: Gaddafi's Son 'Killed In Air Strike']</ref> |- |28 Agusta |Ba a ruwaito ba |20 |Harin NATO a Bani Walid.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/muamar-gaddafis-town-of-bani-walid-ready-to-surrender/story-e6frg6so-1226131676702 |title=Muammar Gaddafi's town of Bani Walid ready to surrender |access-date=2025-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318162201/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/muamar-gaddafis-town-of-bani-walid-ready-to-surrender/story-e6frg6so-1226131676702 |archive-date=2014-03-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |29 Agusta |153 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Gano shafin kisa ga 'yan sojoji masu tawaye a Tripoli.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14709896 Libya conflict: Gaddafi family 'flee to Algeria']</ref> |- |3 Satumba |1 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Kisan wani ɗan tawayen da ya kauce a Tripoli.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gadhafi loyalists given one more week to surrender |website=CNN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404182709/https://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/09/03/libya.war/index.html |archive-date=April 4, 2022 |url-status=live |url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/09/03/libya.war/index.html}}</ref> |- |4 Satumba |Ba a ruwaito ba |1 |Harin NATO kusa da Tripoli.<ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/04/exclusive-abandoned-liby_n_948345.html Exclusive: abandoned Libyan missile: a gift to militants?]</ref> |- |4–18 Satumba |10 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Hatsarin makamai tsakanin 'yan tawayen a Tripoli.<ref name="nytimes.com">[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/18/world/africa/fighters-capture-qaddafi-redoubts-except-when-they-dont.html Anti-Qaddafi Forces Capture, Then Lose, Last Redoubts]</ref> |- |8 Satumba – 17 Oktoba |85–91 |7–9 |Yaƙin Bani Walid |- |11 Satumba |12 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Fadan ƙungiyoyi tsakanin 'yan tawayen a tsaunukan Nafusa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tripolipost.com/articledetail.asp?c=1&i=6884 |title=Reports: Infighting Between Libyan Rebels Kills 12 |access-date=September 11, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110913022919/http://tripolipost.com/articledetail.asp?c=1&i=6884 |archive-date=September 13, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |12 Satumba |15–17 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Ra's Lanuf farmaki |- |24 Satumba |9–11 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Ghadames farmaki |- |4–11 Oktoba |10 |Ba a ruwaito ba |Fadan ƙungiyoyi tsakanin 'yan tawayen a Zuwara.<ref name="online.wsj.com">[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111904563904576585920346901758 Camels, Minority Rights Spur Battle in Libya]</ref> |- |14 Oktoba |1 |2 |Fadan a Tripoli.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120607172128/http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCAL5E7KT4YC20111014 Gaddafi gunmen, government forces clash in Libyan capital]</ref> |} An ruwaito cewa an kashe akalla fararen hula 5,637 zuwa 7,046 zuwa ranar 23 ga Oktoba, 2011. Duk da haka, wasu fararen hula sun kuma mutu a lokacin Yakin Benghazi na biyu da kuma yayin yakin da aka yi a tsaunukan Nafusa, don haka yawan mutanen da suka mutu na iya kasancewa mafi girma. Hakanan, adadin fararen hula da aka ruwaito an kashe su a cikin harin sama na NATO na iya zama ƙasa da yadda aka bayyana, domin an tabbatar da cewa wasu daga cikin yawan mutanen da gwamnati ta bayyana da suka mutu a hare-haren daban-daban sun kasance masu yawa fiye da gaskiya. {{citation needed|date=October 2013}} === Jimillar mutuwar === A ƙarshe, bisa ga lambobin da aka gabatar, an ruwaito mutuwar mutane 14,572 zuwa 18,873, inda wasu ba a tabbatar da su ba. 'Yan adawa sun bayyana kusa da ƙarshen yaƙin cewa mutane 25,000 sun mutu<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/residents-flee-gaddafi-hometown-20111003-1l49x.html |title=Residents flee Gaddafi hometown |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=October 3, 2011 |access-date=October 28, 2011|agency=Agence France-Presse|first1=Rory|last1=Mulholland|first2=Jay|last2=Deshmukh}}</ref> kuma 4,000 an ruwaito sun ɓace.<ref name="atleast30000"/> A watan Janairu 2013, sabuwar gwamnatin Libya, bisa ga bayanan da ake ci gaba da dubawa, ta kimanta cewa adadin waɗanda suka mutu ya fi ƙaranci fiye tsammani a baya, inda 4,700 daga cikin waɗanda suka mutu suka kasance mayaƙan 'yan tawayen, adadi makamancin haka na sojojin goyon bayan gwamnati da wani adadi da ba a fayyace ba na fararen hula. An kiyasta cewa 2,100 daga cikin 'yan tawaye da sojojin gwamnati sun ɓace.<ref name="revolutioncasualties"/> Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project, wanda ke tattara bayanan duk mutuwar da aka ruwaito sakamakon tashin hankali na siyasa a nahiyar Afirka, ta lissafa mutuwar 6,109 daga 15 ga Fabrairu zuwa 23 ga Oktoba 2011, inda 1,319 suka mutu kafin NATO ta fara kai hari.<ref name="ACLED">{{cite web|title=ACLED Version 5 (1997–2014)|url=http://www.acleddata.com/data/version-5-data-1997-2014/|publisher=Armed Conflict Location and Event Dataset|access-date=19 February 2015|archive-date=May 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522071642/http://www.acleddata.com/data/version-5-data-1997-2014/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alan Kuperman, farfesa a Jami'ar Austin, ya ƙididdige cewa kusan 'yan Libya 1,000, ciki har da fararen hula, 'yan tawaye da sojoji, sun mutu tsakanin fara tawaye a tsakiyar Fabrairu da farawar hari daga NATO a tsakiyar Maris.<ref name="Kuperman">{{cite journal|last1=Kuperman|first1=Alan|title=Obama's Libya Debacle|url=http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/143044/alan-j-kuperman/obamas-libya-debacle|journal=Foreign Affairs|date=August 14, 2019 |volume=March/April 2015}}</ref> Uppsala Conflict Data Program, wata hanyar jama’a don samun bayanai game da nau’o’in tashin hankali da aka shirya (misali: masu hannu, asarar rayuka, rana, wuri, da sauransu), ta bayyana cewa daga 1,914 zuwa 3,466 mutane sun mutu a lokacin faɗan shekarar 2011.<ref name="UCDP">{{cite web |url=http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=95&regionSelect=1-Northern_Africa |title=Uppsala conflict data program, Libya, Libya: government (entire conflict), viewed April 2013 |publisher=Ucdp.uu.se |access-date=2013-10-02 |archive-date=October 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005023419/http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=95&regionSelect=1-Northern_Africa |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hakanan bayanansu ya nuna cewa daga 152 zuwa 168 fararen hula an kashe su da gangan daga hannun rundunar Gaddafi a shekara ta 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=95&regionSelect=1-Northern_Africa |title=Uppsala conflict data program, Libya, 2011, viewed April 2013 |publisher=Ucdp.uu.se |access-date=2013-10-02 |archive-date=October 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005023419/http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=95&regionSelect=1-Northern_Africa |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wani bincike a cikin mujallar African Journal of Emergency Medicine a watan Satumba 2015 ya gano cewa mutane 21,490 sun mutu tsakanin Fabrairu 2011 zuwa Fabrairu 2012 sakamakon mutuwar kai tsaye (mutane da suka mutu a lokacin faɗa) da kuma mutuwar kai tsaye (lalacewar ababen more rayuwa da ƙaruwa na mutuwar jama’a).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Daw |first=Mohamed A. |last2=El-Bouzedi |first2=Abdallah |last3=Dau |first3=Aghnaya A. |date=2015-09-01 |title=Libyan armed conflict 2011: Mortality, injury and population displacement |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211419X15000348 |journal=African Journal of Emergency Medicine |language=en |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=101–107 |doi=10.1016/j.afjem.2015.02.002 |issn=2211-419X|doi-access=free }}</ref> ==Jimillar mutuwa== Jimillar adadin mutanen da suka mutu sun haɗa da masu zanga-zanga, masu dauke da makamai, da fararen hula: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Tushe !! data-sort-type="number"|Asarar rayuka a Libya !! data-sort-type="usLongDate"|Lokacin da aka yi |- valign=top |'''World Health Organization''' |'''2,000''' sun mutu<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/world/86090/libya-death-toll-war-qadaffi |title=Why Isn't There an Accurate Death Count in Libya? |publisher=The New Republic |date=2011-04-01 |access-date=2020-06-04}}</ref> |15 ga Fabrairu – 2 ga Maris, 2011 |- valign=top |'''International Federation for Human Rights''' |'''3,000''' sun mutu<ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite news |author= Adams, Richard |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/blog/2011/mar/10/libya-uprising-gaddafi-live#block-15 |title= Libya Uprising – Thursday 10 March | work= The Guardian |date= 10 ga Maris, 2011 |access-date= 19 ga Maris, 2011 |location= London}}</ref> |15 ga Fabrairu – 5 ga Maris, 2011 |- valign=top |'''Libyan League for Human Rights''' |'''6,000''' sun mutu<ref name="autogenerated2b">{{cite news |url= http://www.sify.com/news/at-least-3-000-dead-in-libya-rights-group-news-international-ldcxkhgggdh.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110812003947/http://www.sify.com/news/at-least-3-000-dead-in-libya-rights-group-news-international-ldcxkhgggdh.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= 12 ga Agusta, 2011 |title=Aƙalla 3,000 sun mutu a Libya: Kungiyar kare haƙƙi | website= Sify News |date= 2 ga Maris, 2011 |access-date= 3 ga Maris, 2011}}</ref> |15 ga Fabrairu – 5 ga Maris, 2011 |- valign=top |'''Alan Kuperman''' |'''1,000''' sun mutu<ref name="Kuperman" /> |15 ga Fabrairu – 15 ga Maris, 2011 |- valign=top |'''National Transitional Council''' |'''10,000''' sun mutu<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jafrianews.com/2011/04/28/libya-and-yemen-interference-may-take-us-in-direct-war-with-russia-china/ |title=Libya and Yemen Interference may take US in direct War with Russia & China |access-date=2 ga Nuwamba, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118044038/http://jafrianews.com/2011/04/28/libya-and-yemen-interference-may-take-us-in-direct-war-with-russia-china/ |archive-date=18 ga Nuwamba, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |15 ga Fabrairu – 12 ga Afrilu, 2011 |- valign=top |'''UN Human Rights Council''' |'''10,000–15,000''' sun mutu<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-libya-un-deaths-idUSTRE7584UY20110609 "Har 15,000 sun mutu a yaƙin Libya: Masanin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006100445/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/09/us-libya-un-deaths-idUSTRE7584UY20110609 |date=6 ga Oktoba, 2015 }}. Reuters.</ref> |15 ga Fabrairu – 9 ga Yuni, 2011 |- valign=top |'''Al Jazeera English''' |'''13,000''' sun mutu<ref name="english.aljazeera.net">Staff (18 ga Yuni, 2011). [http://english.aljazeera.net/video/africa/2011/06/20116189013152634.html "’Yan tawayen Libya sun ci gaba da matsa zuwa Tripoli – Faɗa ta ɓarke a Nalut, arewa maso yammacin ƙasar, kwana ɗaya bayan ’yan tawayen sun ce sun karɓi wani yanki a yamma da Misurata"]. Al Jazeera English. An dawo da shi 14 ga Agusta, 2011.</ref> |15 ga Fabrairu – 18 ga Yuni, 2011 |- valign=top |'''National Transitional Council''' |'''30,000''' sun mutu<ref name="atleast30000">[https://www.theguardian.com/world/feedarticle/9835879 Hasashen Libya: Aƙalla 30,000 sun mutu a yaƙin]</ref> |15 ga Fabrairu – 8 ga Satumba, 2011 |- valign=top |'''National Transitional Council''' |'''25,000''' sun mutu<ref name="flee">[http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/residents-flee-gaddafi-hometown-20111003-1l49x.html Mazauna sun tsere daga garin haihuwar Gaddafi]</ref> |15 ga Fabrairu – 2 ga Oktoba, 2011 |- valign=top |'''Zeidan Cabinet''' |'''9,400''' sun mutu<ref name="revolutioncasualties"/> |15 ga Fabrairu – 23 ga Oktoba, 2011 |- valign=top |'''ACLED''' |'''6,109''' sun mutu<ref name="ACLED"/> |15 ga Fabrairu – 23 ga Oktoba, 2011 |- valign=top |'''UCDP''' |'''2,082''' sun mutu<ref name="UCDP"/> |Shekarar 2011 |} == Mutane masu fice da suka mutu, suka bace, da sauran al'amura == * Ali Hassan al-Jaber, ɗan jarida daga Qatar a Al Jazeera, an kashe shi * Mohammed Nabbous, ɗan jarida ɗan Libiya kuma wanda ya kafa Libya Alhurra TV, an kashe shi * Kais al-Hilali, ɗan Libiya mai zane-zanen siyasa da ya shahara wajen yin zanen bangon adawa da Gaddafi, an kashe shi * Tim Hetherington, ɗan asalin Birtaniya-Amurka mai ɗaukar hoton labarai, an kashe shi<ref name="Two photojournalists killed">{{cite news|title=Two Photojournalists Killed in Libyan City of Misrata|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13151490|access-date=April 21, 2011| work = BBC News|date=April 21, 2011}}</ref> * Chris Hondros, ɗan asalin Amurka mai ɗaukar hoton labarai, an kashe shi<ref name="Two photojournalists killed"/> * Ahmed Eyzert, injiniya da ya gano kuma ya tsara dabarar amfani da hoton tauraron Google Earth tare da lamba don inganta daidaiton harbin bindiga, an kashe shi<ref>[http://www.theaustralian.com.au/google-points-way-for-libyan-rebel-artillery-in-fight-against-gaddafi/story-fn7ycml4-1226076662239 "Google Points Way for Libyan Rebel Artillery in Fight Against Gaddafi"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617115718/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/google-points-way-for-libyan-rebel-artillery-in-fight-against-gaddafi/story-fn7ycml4-1226076662239 |date=2011-06-17 }}. ''The Australian'' (June 17, 2011). Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref> * Saif al-Arab Gaddafi, ɗan Muammar Gaddafi, an kashe shi tare da wasu jikokin Gaddafi a cikin harin NATO * Iman al-Obeidi, ɗalibar digiri na biyu daga Libiya mai karatun dokoki, rahoton fyade da martani daga gwamnati da kafafen yada labarai * Rana Akbani, ɗan jarida daga Syria da aka tsare daga Maris 28 zuwa Afrilu 14<ref>[http://shabablibya.org/news/journalists-under-attack-in-libya-the-tally "Journalists Under Attack in Libya: The Tally"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110827024445/http://shabablibya.org/news/journalists-under-attack-in-libya-the-tally |date=August 27, 2011 }}. Shabablibya.org. Retrieved July 24, 2011.</ref> * Anton Hammerl, ɗan daukar hoto daga Afirka ta Kudu, ya bace kuma ana kyautata zaton an kashe shi a ranar Afrilu 5<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/05/20/anton-hammerl-dead-photoj_n_864577.html| title=Anton Hammerl Dead: Photojournalist Killed In Libya| newspaper=Seattle Post-Intelligencer| date= 20 May 2011| access-date= 7 November 2013}}</ref> * Manu Brabo, ɗan daukar hoto daga Spain, yana tsare a hannun gwamnati daga Afrilu 5 zuwa Mayu 18<ref>{{cite news|title=No Word on Fate of Hammerl|url=http://www.thestar.co.za/no-word-on-fate-of-hammerl-1.1070736|access-date=May 18, 2011|date=May 18, 2011}}</ref> * James Foley, ɗan jarida daga Amurka a hannun gwamnati daga Afrilu 5 zuwa Mayu 18 * Clare Morgana Gillis, 'yar jarida daga Amurka a hannun gwamnati daga Afrilu 5 zuwa Mayu 18 * Nigel Chandler, ɗan jarida daga Birtaniya da aka saki daga tsare a ranar Mayu 18 * Khamis Gaddafi, ɗan Muammar Gaddafi, an kashe shi lokacin da motarsa ta lalace a ranar Agusta 29 * Muammar Gaddafi, shugaban Libiya daga 1969–2011, an kashe shi a garin haihuwarsa na Sirte a ranar Oktoba 20 * Mutassim Gaddafi, ɗan Muammar Gaddafi, an kashe shi tare da mahaifinsa a ranar Oktoba 20 == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] li02ok6ju5sz3d4c4l2d3smak0mjzwb 0 106192 974729 675515 2026-11-01T12:22:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bintou Sanankoua''' masanin tarihi ne daga Mali, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Laviolette |first=Adria |date=March 1996 |title=Djenné: Picture this - Djenné, il y a cent ans. By Bernard Gardi, Pierre Maas and Geert Mommersteeg. Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute (KIT) Press, 1995. Pp. 168. Dfl. 80 (ISBN 90-6832-250-8). |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/abs/djenne-picture-this-djenne-il-y-a-cent-ans-by-bernard-gardi-pierre-maas-and-geert-mommersteeg-amsterdam-royal-tropical-institute-kit-press-1995-pp-168-dfl-80-isbn-9068322508/3DAD844C862FA8B3D704F18BCAB6CB1D |journal=The Journal of African History |language=en |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=162–163 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700035088 |issn=1469-5138 |s2cid=162478567 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> wanda shine Farfesa na Tarihi a École Normale Supérieure de Bamako. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sanankoua |first=Bintou |last2=Sidibe |first2=Samuel |date=2003 |title=Malian Cuisine |url=https://folklife-media.si.edu/docs/festival/program-book-articles/FESTBK2003_29.pdf |journal=Smithsonian Folklife |issue=29}}</ref> Ta ƙware a Tarihin Mali a ƙarni na goma sha tara da na ashirin. Ta samar da binciken faduwar tsohon shugaban kasar, [[Modibo Keïta|Modibo Keita]] . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lecocq |first=Baz |last2=Mann |first2=Gregory |date=2003 |title=Introduction Writing Histories of an African Post-Colony: Modibo Keita's Mali, 1960-1968 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44078819 |journal=Mande Studies |volume=5 |pages=1–7 |issn=1536-5506 |jstor=44078819}}</ref> An haife ta a matsayin wani ɓangare na gidan da marubucin [[Amadou Hampâté Bâ]] ke da alhakin, <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Austen |first=Ralph A. |last2=Soares |first2=Benjamin F. |date=2010 |title=AMADOU HAMPÂTÉ BÂ'S LIFE AND WORK RECONSIDERED: CRITICAL AND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42636154 |journal=Islamic Africa |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=133–142 |issn=2333-262X |jstor=42636154}}</ref> Dangantakar da take da ita da iyali ta nuna cewa ta sami damar samun takardun iyali don aikinta Un empire peul au XIXe siècle: La Diina du Maasina, ta kuma sami damar adanawa da aka gudanar a Cibiyar Ahmed Baba a [[Timbuktu]]. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Salvaing |first=Bernard |date=1991 |title=Sanankoua (Bintou) : Un Empire peul au XIXe siècle : la Diina du Maasina |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/outre_0300-9513_1991_num_78_292_2916_t1_0429_0000_3 |journal=Outre-Mers. Revue d'histoire |volume=78 |issue=292 |pages=429–430}}</ref> A cikin aikinta a matsayin masanin tarihi, ta fadada aikin Bâ kan rayuwar mutanen Dina a karni na sha tara. <ref name=":0" /> Ta kuma fara nazarin Khalifancin Ḥamdallāhi . <ref>{{Cite web |title=CALL FOR PAPERS - The "Caliphate of Hamdallahi": A History from Within {{!}} Tombouctou Manuscripts Project |url=http://www.tombouctoumanuscripts.uct.ac.za/events/archive/call-papers-%E2%80%9Ccaliphate-hamdallahi%E2%80%9D-history-within |access-date=2023-02-14 |website=www.tombouctoumanuscripts.uct.ac.za |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214172959/http://www.tombouctoumanuscripts.uct.ac.za/events/archive/call-papers-%E2%80%9Ccaliphate-hamdallahi%E2%80%9D-history-within |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta yi aiki a kan ''Bayān mā waqaʿa -'' rubutun da ke bayyana cin nasarar Ḥamdallāhi . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Syed |first=Amir |date=2021 |title=Political Theology in Nineteenth-Century West Africa: Al-Ḥājj ʿUmar, the Bayān mā waqaʿa, and the Conquest of the Caliphate of Ḥamdallāhi |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/abs/political-theology-in-nineteenthcentury-west-africa-alhajj-umar-the-bayan-ma-waqaa-and-the-conquest-of-the-caliphate-of-hamdallahi/52EED34D8C1421859BF4C4B52AB07322 |journal=The Journal of African History |language=en |volume=62 |issue=3 |pages=358–376 |doi=10.1017/S0021853721000505 |issn=0021-8537 |s2cid=239672343 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> An fara zabar ta a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Mali a shekarar 1997, Coordination des Associations et ONG Féminines du Mali (CAFO) ta goyi bayan takarar ta.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wing |first=S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LdXGAAAAQBAJ&dq=Bintou+Sanankoua&pg=PA107 |title=Constructing Democracy in Transitioning Societies of Africa: Constitutionalism and Deliberation in Mali |date=2008-04-28 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-0-230-61207-5 |pages=107 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Naples |first1=Nancy A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=COGSAgAAQBAJ&dq=Bintou+Sanankoua&pg=PA175 |title=Women's Activism and Globalization: Linking Local Struggles and Global Politics |last2=Desai |first2=Manisha |date=2004-04-16 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-95517-5 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Ta kuma rike mukamin mai kula da yanki don inganta mata a Mopti.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1996-07-01 |title=Democracy and political change in Sub-Saharan Africa |journal=Choice Reviews Online |volume=33 |issue=11 |pages=33–6539-33-6539 |doi=10.5860/choice.33-6539 |doi-broken-date=1 July 2025 |issn=0009-4978}}</ref> Ita memba ce ta Collectif des Femmes du Mali (Kungiyar Mata ta Mali) [COFEM].<ref>[https://www.oecd.org/swac/events/38518344.pdf Women, Endogenous Governance and Conflict Prevention in West Africa] Workshop organised by Sahel and West Africa Club/OECD Niamey (Niger), 26 to 28 April 2006</ref> == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == * Sanankoua, Bintou. ''Daular Fulu a ƙarni na 19: La Diina du Maasina''. KARTHALA Editions, 1990. * Sanankoua, Bintou. "Mata da majalisa a Mali". ''Afirka ta zamani'' 210.2 (2004): 145-156. * Sanankoua, Diarah Bintou. "Makarantun "Alkur'ani" a Mali: matsalolin yanzu. "Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 19.2 (1985): 359-367.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sanankoua |first=Diarah Bintou |date=1985-01-01 |title=Les écoles "Coraniques" au Mali: problèmes actuels |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00083968.1985.10804118 |journal=Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=359–367 |doi=10.1080/00083968.1985.10804118 |issn=0008-3968 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> * Sanankoua, Bintou. "Amadou Hampate Ba: Shaida." ''Afirka ta Musulunci'' 1.2 (2010): 143-166.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sanankoua |first=Bintou |date=2010-06-03 |title=AMADOU HAMPÂTÉ BÂ: A TESTIMONY |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/iafr/1/2/article-p143_3.xml |journal=Islamic Africa |language=en |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=143–166 |doi=10.1163/21540993-90000015 |issn=2154-0993 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160819181119/http://www.lemondecommeilva.com/Mali-temoignage Takaitaccen tarihin mulkin mallaka na Mali] * [a cikin Faransanci] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c6QTAxUoXPc Magana ta masanin tarihi Bintou Sanankoua a Forum na Bamako] * [https://www.flickr.com/photos/42024743@N00/162880888/ Hoton Bintou Sanankoua] a kan Flickr [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1943]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 7ubr74eehqn40j2ecix93r80757ee9s 0 107033 974905 950909 2026-11-01T16:31:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974905 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:2DU_Kenya_84_(5367322092).jpg|thumb|262x262px|Kenya girbi ta mace manomi. ƙananan gonaki mata sune mahimman masu samar da abinci ga al'ummomi a duniya, musamman a kudancin duniya. Mata galibi suna fuskantar ƙuntatawa kan samun damar samun albarkatu da ƙasa kuma ƙananan gonaki suna da wahalar daidaitawa da canjin yanayi.]]{{Databox}} Canjin yanayi yana shafar maza da mata. Canjin yanayi da jinsi batu ne na bincike wanda ke da niyyar fahimtar yadda maza da mata ke samun dama da amfani da albarkatun da canjin yanayi ke tasiri da kuma yadda suke fuskantar tasirin da ya haifar. Yana nazarin yadda matsayin jinsi da ka'idojin al'adu ke tasiri ga ikon maza da mata don amsawa ga canjin yanayi, da kuma yadda za'a iya haɗa matsayin mata da maza cikin sauyawa da dabarun rage sauyin yanayi. Har ila yau, yana la'akari da yadda canjin yanayi ya haɗu da sauran ƙalubalen zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, kamar talauci, samun damar albarkatu, ƙaura, da asalin al'adu. == Manufofin bincike == A ƙarshe, burin wannan binciken shine tabbatar da cewa manufofi da shirye-shiryen canjin yanayi suna da daidaito, kuma mata da maza suna amfana daga gare su.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lau |first=Jacqueline D. |last2=Kleiber |first2=Danika |last3=Lawless |first3=Sarah |last4=Cohen |first4=Philippa J. |date=March 2021 |title=Gender equality in climate policy and practice hindered by assumptions |journal=Nature Climate Change |language=en |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=186–192 |bibcode=2021NatCC..11..186L |doi=10.1038/s41558-021-00999-7 |issn=1758-6798 |s2cid=232107752 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite journal |last=Pearse |first=Rebecca |date=March 2017 |title=Gender and climate change |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wcc.451 |journal=WIREs Climate Change |language=en |volume=8 |issue=2 |bibcode=2017WIRCC...8E.451P |doi=10.1002/wcc.451 |issn=1757-7780 |s2cid=131947864 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Canjin yanayi yana ƙara rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi, yana rage ikon mata na samun 'yancin kuɗi, kuma yana da mummunan tasiri ga haƙƙin zamantakewa da siyasa na mata, musamman a cikin tattalin arzikin da ke da tushe sosai akan aikin gona. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Eastin |first=Joshua |date=1 July 2018 |title=Climate change and gender equality in developing states |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X18300664 |url-status=live |journal=World Development |language=en |volume=107 |pages=289–305 |doi=10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.02.021 |issn=0305-750X |s2cid=89614518 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422203542/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0305750X18300664 |archive-date=22 April 2021 |access-date=1 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Goli |first=Imaneh |last2=Omidi Najafabadi |first2=Maryam |last3=Lashgarara |first3=Farhad |date=9 March 2020 |title=Where are We Standing and Where Should We Be Going? Gender and Climate Change Adaptation Behavior |journal=Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics |language=en |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=187–218 |bibcode=2020JAEE...33..187G |doi=10.1007/s10806-020-09822-3 |issn=1573-322X |s2cid=216404045}}</ref> A lokuta da yawa, rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi yana nufin cewa mata sun fi fuskantar mummunar tasirin canjin yanayi. Wannan ya faru ne saboda matsayin jinsi, musamman a kasashe masu tasowa, wanda ke nufin cewa mata galibi suna dogara da yanayin halitta don rayuwa da samun kudin shiga. Ta hanyar kara iyakance damar da mata suka riga sun ƙuntata ga albarkatun jiki, zamantakewa, siyasa, da na kasafin kuɗi, sau da yawa yakan ɗora mata fiye da maza kuma zai iya fadada rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi.<ref name="Neha S 2021">{{Cite journal |last=van Daalen |first=Kim Robin |last2=Dada |first2=Sara |last3=Issa |first3=Rita |last4=Chowdhury |first4=Maisoon |last5=Jung |first5=Laura |last6=Singh |first6=Lucy |last7=Stokes |first7=Diarmuid |last8=Orcutt |first8=Miriam |last9=Singh |first9=Neha S. |date=2021 |title=A Scoping Review to Assess Sexual and Reproductive Health Outcomes, Challenges and Recommendations in the Context of Climate Migration |journal=Frontiers in Global Women's Health |volume=2 |pages=78 |doi=10.3389/fgwh.2021.757153 |issn=2673-5059 |pmc=8594026 |pmid=34816251 |doi-access=free}}</ref> An kuma gano bambance-bambance na jinsi dangane da wayar da kan jama'a, haifar da martani ga canjin yanayi, kuma kasashe da yawa sun haɓaka kuma sun aiwatar da dabarun sauyin yanayi na jinsi da shirye-shiryen aiki. Misali, Gwamnatin Mozambique ta karɓi tsarin Jima'i, muhalli da canjin yanayi da shirin ayyuka a farkon shekara ta 2010, kasancewar ita ce gwamnati ta farko a duniya da ta yi hakan. Kasuwanci tare da allon jinsi daban-daban an gano kashi 60% mafi yiwuwar rage amfani da makamashi da kashi 40% mafi yiwuwar raguwa da hayakin gas. Mata da maza suna fuskantar canjin yanayi da lalacewar muhalli daban-daban bisa ga matsayin jinsi da tarurrukan al'umma. Binciken jinsi a cikin canjin yanayi, duk da haka, ba'a iyakance shi ga mata ba.<ref name=":17">{{Cite web |title=Challenging assumptions about gender and climate change adaptation |url=http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/138/webinar/gender/INFOGRAPHIC%2000%20Small.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714214034/http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/138/webinar/gender/INFOGRAPHIC%2000%20Small.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2019 |access-date=8 August 2019 |website=Adaptation at Scale in Semi Arid Regions}}</ref> Har ila yau, yana nufin ba kawai yin amfani da tsarin bincike na namiji / mace ba a kan saiti na bayanai masu yawa, har ma da bincika gine-ginen magana waɗanda ke tsara dangantakar iko da ke da alaƙa da canjin yanayi, da kuma la'akari da yadda jinsi, a matsayin zamantakewar da ke tasiri ga martani ga canjin yanayi.<ref name="MacGregor">MacGregor, Sherilyn. "A Stranger Silence Still: The Need for Feminist Social Research on Climate Change." ''The Sociological Review'' 57 (2010): 124–140. {{Doi|10.1111/j.1467-954X.2010.01889.x}}.</ref><ref name=":18">{{Cite web |title=Gender is one of many social factors influencing responses to climate change {{!}} Adaptation at Scale in Semi-Arid Regions |url=http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/social-differences |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511201429/https://www.assar.uct.ac.za/social-differences |archive-date=11 May 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.assar.uct.ac.za |language=en}}</ref> Wannan binary kuma ya cire mutanen da ke cikin al'ummar LGBTQ +, da waɗanda ba na binary ba ne kuma ba su dace da ka'idodin jinsi ba.<ref name=":03">{{Cite web |title=Climate justice means involving gender and sexual minorities in policy and action |url=https://www.sei.org/perspectives/climate-justice-gender-sexual-minorities/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601162028/https://www.sei.org/perspectives/climate-justice-gender-sexual-minorities/ |archive-date=1 June 2023 |access-date=2021-11-22 |website=SEI |language=en-GB}}</ref> Don fahimtar tasirin canjin yanayi a kan al'ummomi daban-daban, dole ne a sami bambanci tsakanin jinsi da jima'i. Ana iya bayyana jinsi a matsayin bambance-bambance da aka gina tsakanin maza da mata wanda ke haifar da namiji da mace. Ana iya bayyana jima'i a matsayin bambancin halittu tsakanin maza da mata, galibi dangane da ayyukan haihuwa.<ref name=":14"/>   == Ra'ayi da ayyukan jama'a == [[Fayil:Wangari_Maathai_in_2001.jpg|thumb|"Mata suna riƙe da mabuɗin Makomar Yanayi" - [[Wangarĩ Maathai|Wangari Maathai]]]] Binciken matasa a Finland ya nuna cewa damuwa game da [[Canjin yanayi]] yana da tasiri mafi girma akan amfani da yanayi a cikin mata idan aka kwatanta da maza.<ref name=":19">{{Cite journal |last=Korkala |first=Essi A. E. |last2=Hugg |first2=Timo T. |last3=Jaakkola |first3=Jouni J. K. |date=2014-05-13 |editor-last=Siribaddana |editor-first=Sisira |title=Awareness of Climate Change and the Dietary Choices of Young Adults in Finland: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=9 |issue=5 |pages=e97480 |bibcode=2014PLoSO...997480K |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0097480 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=4019576 |pmid=24824363 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Binciken da aka yi a Jamhuriyar Czech ya nuna wannan abin da ya faru.<ref name=":20">{{Cite journal |last=Čábelková |first=Inna |last2=Smutka |first2=Luboš |last3=Strielkowski |first3=Wadim |year=2022 |title=Public support for sustainable development and environmental policy: A case of the Czech Republic |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sd.2232?saml_referrer |url-status=live |journal=Sustainable Development |volume=30 |pages=110–126 |doi=10.1002/sd.2232 |s2cid=239679781 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414032557/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sd.2232?saml_referrer |archive-date=14 April 2023 |access-date=10 April 2023}}</ref> Wannan na iya zama abin da ya faru ga bambance-bambance a cikin fahimtar canjin yanayi.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last=McCright |first=Aaron M. |date=2010 |title=The effects of gender on climate change knowledge and concern in the American public |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11111-010-0113-1 |journal=Population and Environment |language=en |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=66–87 |bibcode=2010PopEn..32...66M |doi=10.1007/s11111-010-0113-1 |issn=0199-0039 |s2cid=17501476 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mata sun yarda da ra'ayin kimiyya cewa hayakin iskar gas mai guba na mutum galibi yana da alhakin canjin yanayi (m: 56%, f: 64%) kuma sun fi damuwa game da tasirinsa: wani binciken 2010 ya gano 29% na maza da 35% na mata a Amurka don "damuwa game da dumamar duniya sosai".<ref name=":7" /> An gudanar da wani binciken a cikin 2016 ta amfani da maza da mata daga [[Brazil]] da Sweden don auna da kuma bincika tasirin jinsi da tsarin siyasa akan ra'ayoyin canjin yanayi.<ref name=":21">{{Cite journal |last=Jylhä |first=Kirsti M. |last2=Tam |first2=Kim-Pong |last3=Milfont |first3=Taciano L. |date=June 2021 |title=Acceptance of group-based dominance and climate change denial: A cross-cultural study in Hong Kong, New Zealand, and Sweden |journal=Asian Journal of Social Psychology |language=en |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=198–207 |doi=10.1111/ajsp.12444 |issn=1367-2223 |s2cid=229454695 |doi-access=free}}</ref> An tattara bayanai ta hanyar tambayoyin kan layi daga mahalarta 367 daga Brazil wanda ya kunshi maza 151 da mata 216, da mahalarta 221 daga Sweden tare da maza 75 da mata 146. Sakamakon binciken ya nuna kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin maza masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da ƙin canjin yanayi a cikin ƙungiyoyi biyu (rSweden = .22, rBrazil = .19) yana nuna cewa maza (yawanci tare da tsarin siyasa mai ra'ayin rikon kwarya) suna iya musanta wanzuwar canjin yanayi. Mata a cikin kungiyoyin biyu galibi sun nuna akasin haka, yana nuna cewa mata sun fi gaskata da kasancewar canjin yanayi.<ref name=":23">{{Cite journal |last=Jylhä |first=Kirsti M. |last2=Cantal |first2=Clara |last3=Akrami |first3=Nazar |last4=Milfont |first4=Taciano L. |date=1 August 2016 |title=Denial of anthropogenic climate change: Social dominance orientation helps explain the conservative male effect in Brazil and Sweden |journal=Personality and Individual Differences |volume=98 |pages=184–187 |doi=10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.020 |issn=0191-8869}}</ref> Wani ɗan gajeren binciken manufofin UNDP na 2010 ya bayyana bambance-bambance a cikin yadda maza da mata ke da rauni ga fannoni na canjin yanayi. Kudin da mata ke samu ya fi rauni, yayin da maza, wadanda ke samun karin damar aiki a aikin gona, suna iya fama da raunin daidaitawa da juriya. Wani binciken da aka buga a shekarar 2020 ya gano cewa akwai kuma bambance-bambance a cikin dabarun magance. Binciken, wanda aka gudanar tsakanin manoman shinkafa a Lardin Mazandaran a [[Iran]], ya gano cewa maza suna gaskata cewa ingantaccen dabarun kula da ƙasa hanya ce mai kyau don sarrafa hadarin yanayi, yayin da mata suka yi imanin cewa ilimi shine hanya mafi muhimmanci don daidaitawa, tunda za su iya gano abin da mafi kyawun dabarun da fasahar don fuskantar haɗarin yanayi. Wani muhimmin mai ba da damar daidaita [[Daidaituwar canjin yanayi|Canjin yanayi]] shine samun damar samun bayanai masu amfani na yanayi, duk da haka a Afirka ta Kudu an sami damar samun bayanai ta jinsi tare da mata da ke da damar samun bayanai na yanayi.<ref name=":24">{{Cite journal |last=Diouf |first=Ndeye Seynabou |last2=Ouedraogo |first2=Issa |last3=Zougmoré |first3=Robert B. |last4=Ouedraogo |first4=Mathieu |last5=Partey |first5=Samuel Tetteh |last6=Gumucio |first6=Tatiana |date=4 May 2019 |title=Factors influencing gendered access to climate information services for farming in Senegal |journal=Gender, Technology and Development |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=93–110 |doi=10.1080/09718524.2019.1649790 |issn=0971-8524 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":25">{{Cite journal |last=Carr |first=Edward R. |last2=Onzere |first2=Sheila N. |date=1 January 2018 |title=Really effective (for 15% of the men): Lessons in understanding and addressing user needs in climate services from Mali |journal=Climate Risk Management |language=en |volume=22 |pages=82–95 |doi=10.1016/j.crm.2017.03.002 |issn=2212-0963 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":26">{{Cite journal |last=Carr |first=Edward R. |last2=Fleming |first2=Grant |last3=Kalala |first3=Tshibangu |date=1 July 2016 |title=Understanding Women's Needs for Weather and Climate Information in Agrarian Settings: The Case of Ngetou Maleck, Senegal |journal=Weather, Climate, and Society |language=en |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=247–264 |doi=10.1175/WCAS-D-15-0075.1 |issn=1948-8327 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A cikin binciken da aka buga a cikin 2020 na kananan manoman sukari a Malawi, an gano cewa mata da yawa fiye da maza ba sa samun damar samun bayanan hasashen don jagorantar yanke shawara na daidaitawa.<ref name=":27">{{Cite journal |last=Henriksson |first=Rebecka |last2=Vincent |first2=Katharine |last3=Archer |first3=Emma |last4=Jewitt |first4=Graham |date=21 August 2020 |title=Understanding gender differences in availability, accessibility and use of climate information among smallholder farmers in Malawi |journal=Climate and Development |volume=13 |issue=6 |pages=503–514 |doi=10.1080/17565529.2020.1806777 |issn=1756-5529 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Samun dama da abubuwan da aka fi so na bayanan yanayi na iya kasancewa da alaƙa da matsayi daban-daban na aure da kuma ilimi da matakan karatu da rubutu tsakanin mata da maza.<ref name=":28">{{Cite journal |last=Geist |first=Claudia |last2=McManus |first2=Patricia A. |year=2012 |title=Different Reasons, Different Results: Implications of Migration by Gender and Family Status |url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/demography/article/49/1/197/169687/Different-Reasons-Different-Results-Implications |url-status=live |journal=Demography |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=197–217 |doi=10.1007/s13524-011-0074-8 |pmid=22109084 |s2cid=23141436 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315043444/https://read.dukeupress.edu/demography/article/49/1/197/169687/Different-Reasons-Different-Results-Implications |archive-date=15 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-15 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Gudunmawa ga sauyin yanayi - ta hanyar fitar da iskar gas - yana da alaƙa da jinsi. Wani bincike kan amfani da mota a Sweden, alal misali, ya nuna cewa maza na iya yin amfani da motar da yawa, na dogon lokaci kuma su kaɗai idan aka kwatanta da mata, ta yadda za su fitar da ƙarin CO2 (gas ɗin greenhouse). A cikin binciken da Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai ya gudanar game da [[Climate|yanayi]], an gano maza sun fi shakku game da tasirin mata a cikin jagorancin aikin yanayi. 50% na mata da aka bincika sun yi tunanin cewa samun karin shugabannin mata zai haifar da bambanci, yayin da kashi 45% na maza suka yi tunanin haka.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |title=2022-2023 EIB Climate Survey |url=https://www.eib.org/en/surveys/climate-survey/5th-climate-survey/index.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721125702/https://www.eib.org/en/surveys/climate-survey/5th-climate-survey/index.htm |archive-date=21 July 2023 |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=EIB.org |language=en}}</ref> Binciken ya nuna babban bambanci a Burtaniya, inda kashi 38% na maza da kashi 61% na mata suka amince cewa shugabannin mata za su yi yaƙi da canjin yanayi.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":13" /> Asusun Zuba Jari na Turai ya kuma gano cewa kasuwancin da mata ke gudanarwa suna da ƙididdigar ESG mafi kyau fiye da sauran kasuwancin, suna kashewa da yawa a cikin hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa, kuma suna saka hannun jari kaɗan a cikin kasuwancin gurɓata.<ref name=":29">{{Cite web |title=Women's leadership boosts climate action, profits |url=https://www.eib.org/en/stories/climate-women-profits |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710063444/https://www.eib.org/en/stories/climate-women-profits |archive-date=10 July 2023 |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en}}</ref> Bincike daban-daban ya nuna cewa kasashe masu yawan mata a majalisa sun fi tabbatar da yarjejeniyar muhalli da aiwatar da manufofin canjin yanayi, don haka shugabannin mata sun fi son aikin yanayi da dorewa. <ref name=":30">{{Cite web |last=Owen-Burge |first=Charlotte |date=2021-11-24 |title=Why female leadership is crucial to tackling climate change and other crises |url=https://climatechampions.unfccc.int/why-female-leadership-is-crucial-to-tackling-climate-change-and-other-crises/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828111210/https://climatechampions.unfccc.int/why-female-leadership-is-crucial-to-tackling-climate-change-and-other-crises/ |archive-date=28 August 2023 |access-date=2023-08-28 |website=Climate Champions |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harrington |first=Samantha |date=2019-09-12 |title=Countries with more female politicians pass more ambitious climate policies, study suggests » Yale Climate Connections |url=http://yaleclimateconnections.org/2019/09/countries-with-more-female-politicians-pass-more-ambitious-climate-policies-study-suggests/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921012030/https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2019/09/countries-with-more-female-politicians-pass-more-ambitious-climate-policies-study-suggests/ |archive-date=21 September 2023 |access-date=2023-08-28 |website=Yale Climate Connections |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=To fight climate change, more female leaders are fundamental |url=https://www.eib.org/en/stories/female-leaders-climate |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109205122/https://www.eib.org/en/stories/female-leaders-climate |archive-date=9 November 2023 |access-date=2023-08-28 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en}}</ref> == Rashin ƙarfi == === Bala'o'i === Bala'o'i sune abubuwan da ba a iya tsammani ba waɗanda ke haifar da lahani ga mutane da lalacewar dukiya, ababen more rayuwa, da muhalli.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kim |first=Yeowon |last2=Chester |first2=Mikhail V. |last3=Eisenberg |first3=Daniel A. |last4=Redman |first4=Charles L. |date=July 2019 |title=The Infrastructure Trolley Problem: Positioning Safe-to-fail Infrastructure for Climate Change Adaptation |journal=Earth's Future |language=en |volume=7 |issue=7 |pages=704–717 |bibcode=2019EaFut...7..704K |doi=10.1029/2019EF001208 |issn=2328-4277 |s2cid=155518556 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Za su iya zama na halitta, kamar ambaliyar ruwa, gobarar daji, girgizar ƙasa, guguwa, ko tsunami, ko kuma mutum ne zai iya yin su, kamar zubar da mai, haɗarin masana'antu, da hare-haren ta'addanci.<ref>{{Citation|journal=Maximilian}}</ref> Bala'o'i na iya haifar da lalacewar jiki, tunani, da tattalin arziki. Hakanan zasu iya rushe hanyoyin sadarwar jama'a, raunana tsarin tattalin arziki, da kuma haifar da tasirin lafiyar jiki da tunani. Mutanen da bala'o'i suka shafa na iya fuskantar ƙaura, asarar hanyar rayuwa, da rushewar ilimi, da sauran tasirin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yntiso |first=Gebre |date=2008 |title=Urban Development and Displacement in Addis Ababa: The Impact of Resettlement Projects on Low-Income Households |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/100/article/242612 |journal=Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=53–77 |doi=10.1353/eas.0.0001 |issn=1684-4173 |s2cid=154960059 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> A yayin bala'i, gwamnatoci, kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, da hukumomin agaji na iya ba da taimako da taimako ga waɗanda abin ya shafa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mathbor |first=Golam M. |date=May 2007 |title=Enhancement of community preparedness for natural disasters: The role of social work in building social capital for sustainable disaster relief and management |journal=International Social Work |language=en |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=357–369 |doi=10.1177/0020872807076049 |issn=0020-8728 |s2cid=143139156 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Van Wassenhove |first=L N |date=2006-05-01 |title=Humanitarian aid logistics: supply chain management in high gear |url=https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602125 |url-status=live |journal=Journal of the Operational Research Society |volume=57 |issue=5 |pages=475–489 |doi=10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602125 |issn=0160-5682 |s2cid=189867143 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109205117/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602125 |archive-date=9 November 2023 |access-date=15 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kovács |first=Gyöngyi |last2=Spens |first2=Karen M. |date=2007-01-01 |editor-last=Jahre |editor-first=Marianne |editor2-last=Persson |editor2-first=Gøran |title=Humanitarian logistics in disaster relief operations |url=https://doi.org/10.1108/09600030710734820 |url-status=live |journal=International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=99–114 |doi=10.1108/09600030710734820 |issn=0960-0035 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109205048/https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/09600030710734820/full/html |archive-date=9 November 2023 |access-date=15 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Eikenberry |first=Angela M. |last2=Arroyave |first2=Verónica |last3=Cooper |first3=Tracy |date=2007-12-07 |title=Administrative Failure and the International NGO Response to Hurricane Katrina |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2007.00825.x |url-status=live |journal=Public Administration Review |language=en |volume=67 |pages=160–170 |doi=10.1111/j.1540-6210.2007.00825.x |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315051737/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2007.00825.x |archive-date=15 March 2023 |access-date=15 March 2023}}</ref> [[Fayil:Female_minus_male_life_expectancy_vs._Non-communicable_disease_death_rates,_OWID.svg|thumb|Mata da maza da maza da ke rayuwa idan aka kwatanta da mutuwar cututtukan da ba su yaduwa ba, OWID]] ==== Yawan mutuwar ==== Binciken da Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London ta yi ya gano cewa, a cikin bala'o'i na halitta a cikin ƙasashe 141, bambancin jinsi a cikin mutuwar ya danganta da haƙƙin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar mata a waɗancan ƙasashe. Saboda matsayinsu na zamantakewa, mata a kasashe masu tasowa ba a koya musu basirar rayuwa kamar yin iyo ko hawa ba, ma'ana suna iya mutuwa a cikin bala'i. Lokacin da mata ke da ƙananan hakkoki da ƙananan iko a cikin al'umma, da yawa daga cikinsu suna mutuwa saboda canjin yanayi, amma idan akwai daidaito ga dukkan kungiyoyi, yawan mutuwar sun fi dacewa. Mata da ke aiki a yankunan da ke fuskantar tasirin canjin yanayi, kamar noma, ruwa ko gandun daji, suma suna iya shafar matsanancin yanayi, wanda ke haifar da karuwar mutuwar. Kasashe sun kuma bayar da rahoton karuwar tashin hankali ga mata da 'yan mata bayan bala'o'i.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-28 |title=Explainer: How gender inequality and climate change are interconnected |url=https://www.unwomen.org/en/news-stories/explainer/2022/02/explainer-how-gender-inequality-and-climate-change-are-interconnected |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817163606/https://www.unwomen.org/en/news-stories/explainer/2022/02/explainer-how-gender-inequality-and-climate-change-are-interconnected |archive-date=17 August 2023 |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=UN Women – Headquarters |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-05 |title=Understanding Why Climate Change Impacts Women More Than Men |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/how-climate-change-affects-women/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817133051/https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/how-climate-change-affects-women/ |archive-date=17 August 2023 |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=Global Citizen |language=en}}</ref> Maza ma suna shafar tasirin canjin yanayi, galibi saboda bambancin da ke cikin kasuwar aiki da kasancewar ka'idojin jinsi a cikin al'umma. Wani binciken da aka yi a Jaridar Nazarin Muhalli ta Duniya da Lafiya ta Jama'a ta nuna cewa maza galibi suna fuskantar aiki da ayyukan waje a yanayin zafi sama da digiri 27 na Celsius. Koyaya, yawan mace-mace da ke da alaƙa da zafi ya bambanta tsakanin binciken, yana nuna cewa ya bambanta bisa ga yankin. Bugu da ƙari, wannan binciken ya gano cewa maza suna da haɗarin mutuwa daga haɗari da raunin da ya shafi canjin yanayi. Kimanin mutuwar 1605 a kowace shekara na iya haifar da zafi na 1.5 na duniya kuma ana sa ran kashi 84% na waɗannan mutuwar su zama namiji. ==== Cin zarafin jima'i da yaduwar cututtuka ==== Cin zarafin jima'i kowane nau'i ne na jima'i da ba a so, daga magana zuwa jiki.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Rao |first=Nitya |last2=Lawson |first2=Elaine T. |last3=Raditloaneng |first3=Wapula N. |last4=Solomon |first4=Divya |last5=Angula |first5=Margaret N. |date=2019-01-02 |title=Gendered vulnerabilities to climate change: insights from the semi-arid regions of Africa and Asia |journal=Climate and Development |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=14–26 |bibcode=2019CliDe..11...14R |doi=10.1080/17565529.2017.1372266 |issn=1756-5529 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Citation|journal=W. Neil|url-status=Hutton|access-date=Hanson}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Arora-Jonsson |first=Seema |date=1 May 2011 |title=Virtue and vulnerability: Discourses on women, gender and climate change |journal=Global Environmental Change |series=Special Issue on The Politics and Policy of Carbon Capture and Storage |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=744–751 |bibcode=2011GEC....21..744A |doi=10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.01.005 |issn=0959-3780}}</ref> Zai iya kasancewa daga cin zarafin jima'i ko taɓawa mara kyau zuwa fyade ko yunkurin fyade. Zai iya faruwa tsakanin mutane biyu na kowane jinsi, amma yawanci maza ne ke aikata shi akan mata. Zai iya faruwa a kowane wuri, amma galibi yana cikin dangantaka ko iyali. Yaduwar cututtuka shine yaduwar kwayoyin da ke haifar da cututtuka daga mutum daya zuwa wani.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cleaveland |first=S. |last2=Laurenson |first2=M.K. |last3=Taylor |first3=L.H. |date=2001-07-29 |editor-last=Woolhouse |editor-first=M. E. J. |editor2-last=Dye |editor2-first=C. |title=Diseases of humans and their domestic mammals: pathogen characteristics, host range and the risk of emergence |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences |language=en |volume=356 |issue=1411 |pages=991–999 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2001.0889 |issn=0962-8436 |pmc=1088494 |pmid=11516377}}</ref> Wannan na iya faruwa ta hanyar hulɗa kai tsaye tare da mutumin da ya kamu da cutar, ko ta hanyar hulɗar kai tsaye tare da abubuwa kamar tufafi, gado ko kayan wasa waɗanda suka kamu da cutar. Saduwar jima'i tana daya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka fi sani da cutar, kuma ta haɗa da jima'i mara kariya, cin zarafin jima'i, da kuma kusanci tsakanin abokan tarayya. Cututtukan da aka fi yaduwa ta hanyar jima'i sun hada da HIV, syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, da herpes na jima'i. HIV da syphilis za a iya yaduwa ta hanyar kowane nau'in jima'i, yayin da chlamydia, gonorrhea, da herpes galibi suna yaduwa ne ta hanyar jima'i ko jima'i mara kariya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuchs |first=Wolfgang |last2=Brockmeyer |first2=Norbert H. |date=June 2014 |title=Sexually transmitted infections: CME Article |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ddg.12310 |url-status=live |journal=JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft |language=en |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=451–464 |doi=10.1111/ddg.12310 |pmid=24889293 |s2cid=9982104 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315060314/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ddg.12310 |archive-date=15 March 2023 |access-date=15 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hamlyn |first=E. |last2=Taylor |first2=C. |year=2006 |title=Sexually transmitted proctitis |journal=Postgraduate Medical Journal |volume=82 |issue=973 |pages=733–736 |doi=10.1136/pmj.2006.048488 |pmc=2660501 |pmid=17099092}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Castillo |first=Rostislav |last2=Konda |first2=Kelika A. |last3=Leon |first3=Segundo R. |last4=Silva-Santisteban |first4=Alfonso |last5=Salazar |first5=Ximena |last6=Klausner |first6=Jeffrey D. |last7=Coates |first7=Thomas J. |last8=Cáceres |first8=Carlos F. |date=2015-08-15 |title=HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infection Incidence and Associated Risk Factors Among High-Risk MSM and Male-to-Female Transgender Women in Lima, Peru |journal=Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes |language=en-US |volume=69 |issue=5 |pages=567–575 |doi=10.1097/QAI.0000000000000667 |issn=1525-4135 |pmc=4501868 |pmid=25950207}}</ref> Sauran cututtukan da ake samu ta hanyar jima'i, irin su hepatitis B, ana iya yaduwa ta hanyar jimaʼi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Alter |first=Miriam J. |last2=Margolis |first2=Harold S. |date=1990-11-01 |title=The Emergence of Hepatitis B as a Sexually Transmitted Disease |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002571251630493X |url-status=live |journal=Medical Clinics of North America |language=en |volume=74 |issue=6 |pages=1529–1541 |doi=10.1016/S0025-7125(16)30493-X |issn=0025-7125 |pmid=2246951 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109205050/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S002571251630493X |archive-date=9 November 2023 |access-date=15 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Inoue |first=Takako |last2=Tanaka |first2=Yasuhito |date=2016-09-05 |title=Hepatitis B virus and its sexually transmitted infection – an update |journal=Microbial Cell |language=en |volume=3 |issue=9 |pages=420–437 |doi=10.15698/mic2016.09.527 |issn=2311-2638 |pmc=5354569 |pmid=28357379}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gunn |first=Robert A. |last2=Murray |first2=Paula J. |last3=Ackers |first3=Marta L. |last4=Hardison |first4=William G. M. |last5=Margolis |first5=Harold S. |date=March 2001 |title=Screening for Chronic Hepatitis B and C Virus Infections in an Urban Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic: Rationale for Integrating Services |journal=Sexually Transmitted Diseases |language=en-US |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=166–170 |doi=10.1097/00007435-200103000-00008 |issn=0148-5717 |pmid=11289199 |s2cid=39802706 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Bala'o'i na halitta suna rushe al'amuran yau da kullun kuma suna rikitar da jinsi da matsayi na iyali, wanda zai iya haifar da wadanda ke fama da bala'o'in halitta su ji ba su da iko da takaici. Wadannan jiye-jiye galibi suna haifar da tashin hankali a kan kungiyoyi marasa ƙarfi.<ref name="Abuse and natural disasters" /> Mata da yara a kasashe masu tasowa suna cikin haɗarin cin zarafin jima'i a lokacin da kuma bayan bala'o'i fiye da baya. Shari'o'in auren yara da fataucin jima'i sun karu a wasu yankuna na Indiya Sundarban delta bayan mummunar tasirin Cyclone Amphan da ci gaba da damuwa da COVID-19 ta haifar, wanda ya shafi rayuwar 'yan mata.<sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="123" href="./HIV" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="HIV">HIV-date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;15 May 2021<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;archive-url<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20210515193226/https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/child-marriage-or-trafficking-choice-covid-19-and-cyclone-amphan-have-left-for-bengals-vulnerable-2780323.html&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;url-status&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;live&amp;quot;}},&amp;quot;i&amp;quot;:0}}</nowiki>]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwCdA\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt181\" class=\"citation web cs1\" id=\"mwCdE\" data-ve-ignore=\"true\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/child-marriage-or-trafficking-choice-covid-19-and-cyclone-amphan-have-left-for-bengals-vulnerable-2780323.html\" id=\"mwCdI\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"Child Marriage or Trafficking: Choice Covid-19 and Cyclone Amphan Have Left For Bengal's Vulnerable\"</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><i id=\"mwCdM\">News18</i></nowiki>. 12 August 2020. <nowiki><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20210515193226/https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/child-marriage-or-trafficking-choice-covid-19-and-cyclone-amphan-have-left-for-bengals-vulnerable-2780323.html\" id=\"mwCdQ\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">Archived</a></nowiki> from the original on 15 May 2021<nowiki><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwCdU\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwCdY\">28 November</span></nowiki> 2020<nowiki></span></nowiki>.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-62" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Climate_change_and_gender#cite_note-62 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> Amfani da kwaroron roba a lokacin bala'o'i ma ya fi ƙasa da sauran lokuta, saboda raguwar samun damar yin amfani da kwaroron shanu.<ref name="Building gendered approaches" /> Haɗe tare da saurin yaduwar cututtuka a kasashe masu tasowa, rushewar tsarin zamantakewa da [[rashin abinci mai gina jiki]] wanda wani lokacin ke tare da canjin yanayi ya haifar da yawan zazzabin dengue, zazzabin cizon sauro, HIV, da yaduwar STI, musamman ga mata.<ref name="Building gendered approaches" /> Tsofaffi mata ma suna cikin haɗari musamman a lokacin bala'o'i na halitta da lokutan rikici saboda suna da saukin kamuwa da haɗarin kiwon lafiya kamar cututtuka kuma saboda sau da yawa ana ware su daga tallafin zamantakewa wanda maza da wasu matasan mata ke da damar.<ref name="Climate Change Adaptation from a Gender Perspective" /> === Aikin noma === Aikin noma shine kimiyya, fasaha, da kuma aikin noma shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Ya haɗa da shirya ƙasa don [[shuka]] amfanin gona, shuka, girbi, da adana abinci, da kiwo da kiwon dabbobi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hammer |first=Karl |last2=Arrowsmith |first2=Nancy |last3=Gladis |first3=Thomas |date=2003-06-01 |title=Agrobiodiversity with emphasis on plant genetic resources |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-003-0433-4 |url-status=live |journal=Naturwissenschaften |language=en |volume=90 |issue=6 |pages=241–250 |bibcode=2003NW.....90..241H |doi=10.1007/s00114-003-0433-4 |issn=1432-1904 |pmid=12835833 |s2cid=20275232 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109205618/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00114-003-0433-4 |archive-date=9 November 2023 |access-date=15 March 2023}}</ref> Aikin noma kuma ya haɗa da samar da kayayyaki kamar madara, ƙwai, da nama, da kuma samar da fiber kamar auduga da ulu. Aikin noma wani muhimmin bangare ne na tattalin arzikin duniya kuma yana da muhimmanci don samar da abinci, abinci, da fiber. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chen |first=Hongda |last2=Yada |first2=Rickey |date=2011-11-01 |title=Nanotechnologies in agriculture: New tools for sustainable development |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224411001968 |url-status=live |journal=Trends in Food Science & Technology |series=Agri-food nano applications: ensuring social benefits |language=en |volume=22 |issue=11 |pages=585–594 |doi=10.1016/j.tifs.2011.09.004 |issn=0924-2244 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710205028/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224411001968 |archive-date=10 July 2014 |access-date=15 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chum |first=Helena L. |last2=Overend |first2=Ralph P. |date=2001-06-01 |title=Biomass and renewable fuels |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382001001461 |url-status=live |journal=Fuel Processing Technology |series=Fuel science in the year 2000: Where do we stand and where do we go from here? |language=en |volume=71 |issue=1 |pages=187–195 |bibcode=2001FuPrT..71..187C |doi=10.1016/S0378-3820(01)00146-1 |issn=0378-3820 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315071253/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382001001461 |archive-date=15 March 2023 |access-date=15 March 2023}}</ref> Har ila yau, wani muhimmin bangare ne na rayuwar karkara da al'adu, samar da aiki da kuma tushen samun kudin shiga ga mutane da yawa a yankunan karkara. Baya ga samar da abinci, abinci, da fiber, noma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye muhalli, samar da mazaunin dabbobin daji da taimakawa wajen kula da bambancin halittu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marshall |first=E. J. P |last2=Moonen |first2=A. C |date=2002-04-01 |title=Field margins in northern Europe: their functions and interactions with agriculture |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880901003152 |url-status=live |journal=Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment |series=The Ecology of Field Margins in European Farming Systems |language=en |volume=89 |issue=1 |pages=5–21 |bibcode=2002AgEE...89....5M |doi=10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00315-2 |issn=0167-8809 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109205553/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167880901003152 |archive-date=9 November 2023 |access-date=15 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Laurance |first=William F. |last2=Sayer |first2=Jeffrey |last3=Cassman |first3=Kenneth G. |date=2014-02-01 |title=Agricultural expansion and its impacts on tropical nature |url=https://www.cell.com/trends/ecology-evolution/abstract/S0169-5347(13)00292-9 |url-status=live |journal=Trends in Ecology & Evolution |language=English |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=107–116 |bibcode=2014TEcoE..29..107L |doi=10.1016/j.tree.2013.12.001 |issn=0169-5347 |pmid=24388286 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326194524/http://www.cell.com/trends/ecology-evolution/abstract/S0169-5347(13)00292-9 |archive-date=26 March 2014 |access-date=15 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jackson |first=Louise |last2=van Noordwijk |first2=Meine |last3=Bengtsson |first3=Janne |last4=Foster |first4=William |last5=Lipper |first5=Leslie |last6=Pulleman |first6=Mirjam |last7=Said |first7=Mohammed |last8=Snaddon |first8=Jake |last9=Vodouhe |first9=Raymond |date=2010-05-01 |title=Biodiversity and agricultural sustainagility: from assessment to adaptive management |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877343510000084 |url-status=live |journal=Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability |language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=80–87 |bibcode=2010COES....2...80J |doi=10.1016/j.cosust.2010.02.007 |issn=1877-3435 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215100656/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877343510000084 |archive-date=15 February 2022 |access-date=15 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Edwards |first=Peter J. |last2=Abivardi |first2=Cyrus |date=1998-03-01 |title=The value of biodiversity: Where ecology and economy blend |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320797001419 |url-status=live |journal=Biological Conservation |series=Conservation Biology and Biodiversity Strategies |language=en |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=239–246 |bibcode=1998BCons..83..239E |doi=10.1016/S0006-3207(97)00141-9 |issn=0006-3207 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313051356/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320797001419 |archive-date=13 March 2013 |access-date=15 March 2023}}</ref> [[Fayil:Projected_impact_of_climate_change_on_agricultural_yields_by_the_2080s,_compared_to_2003_levels_(Cline,_2007).png|thumb|Tasirin canjin yanayi akan amfanin gona a cikin shekarun 2080, idan aka kwatanta da matakan 2003 (Cline, 2007) ]] Matalauta sun dogara da muhalli da albarkatun kasa don rayuwa da samun kudin shiga; Binciken talauci ya nuna cewa yawancin matalauta mata ne saboda, a matsayin rukuni, suna da karancin ikon zamantakewa. Mata da yawa a Kasashe masu tasowa manoma ne, amma mata a matsayin rukuni suna da matsala wajen samun ilimi, samun kudin shiga, ƙasa, dabbobi, da fasaha, ma'ana canjin yanayi na iya yin mummunar tasiri ga manoma mata fiye da manoma maza ta hanyar kara iyakance albarkatun su. A shekara ta 2009, mata sun samar da tsakanin kashi 60 zuwa 80 cikin dari na duk abinci a kasashe masu tasowa, duk da haka sun mallaki kashi goma cikin dari na dukkan gonakin noma da kusan kashi biyu cikin dari na haƙƙin ƙasa.<ref name="Climate Change Adaptation from a Gender Perspective" /> [[Fayil:WomenWorking_SeaweedZanzibar_2.jpg|left|thumb|Mwanaisha Makame da Mashavu Rum, wadanda ke noma shuke-shuke a kan kyakkyawan tsibirin Zanzibar na tsawon shekaru 20, suna tafiya cikin ruwa zuwa gonar su. Mata suna wakiltar wani bangare mai mahimmanci na ma'aikatan gona wanda canjin yanayi ya haifar]] Yayin da duniyar ke dumi da kuma samun damar samun sauye-sauyen ruwa, amfanin gona yana raguwa. Wadannan tasirin ba daidai ba ne, kuma suna da tasiri mafi girma a yankunan duniya inda tattalin arziki ya dogara da noma kuma yanayin yana da hankali ga canji.<ref name="Climate change and food supply" /> A cikin kasashe masu tasowa, mata galibi suna da alhakin samun ruwa, itace, da sauran albarkatun ga iyalansu, amma waɗannan albarkatun suna da tasiri kai tsaye ta hanyar canjin yanayi, ma'ana dole ne mata su ci gaba da tafiya kuma suyi aiki na dogon lokaci don samun damar su a lokacin rikicin. Canjin yanayi yana ƙara nauyin da al'umma ke sanyawa ga mata kuma yana ƙara iyakance damar samun ilimi da aiki. Canjin yanayi yana da mummunar tasiri ga samar da aikin gona kuma a cikin Mahanadi delta na Indiya, wannan ya tilasta wa manoma maza su yi ƙaura, suna barin alhakin noma ƙananan mallakar ƙasa ga mata a ƙarƙashin "yanayin mara tabbas".<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Hans |first=Asha |last2=Hazra |first2=Sugata |last3=Das |first3=Shouvik |last4=Patel |first4=Amrita |date=1 September 2019 |title=Encountering Gendered Spaces in Climate Change Policy in India: Migration and Adaptation |url=https://migrationaffairs.com/encountering-gendered-spaces-in-climate-change-policy-in-india-migration-and-adaptation/ |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Migration Affairs |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=1 |doi=10.36931/jma.2019.2.1.1-24 |issn=2582-0990 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625101629/https://migrationaffairs.com/encountering-gendered-spaces-in-climate-change-policy-in-india-migration-and-adaptation/ |archive-date=25 June 2021 |access-date=29 November 2020 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ka'idojin jinsi masu ƙarfi game da matsayi da samun damar albarkatu a yankuna masu tsaka-tsaki sau da yawa suna ƙuntata kasuwancin da mata ke jagoranta zuwa bangarorin da ke fuskantar yanayi, musamman noma, amma kuma suna iyakance zaɓuɓɓukan da mata ke da su gina juriya a cikin kasuwancin su.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atela |first=Joanes |last2=Gannon |first2=Kate Elizabeth |last3=Crick |first3=Florence |date=October 2018 |title=Climate change adaptation among female-led micro, small and medium enterprises in semi-arid areas: A case study from Kenya |url=https://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/working-paper-338-Atela-et-al.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724230758/https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/working-paper-338-Atela-et-al.pdf |archive-date=24 July 2023 |access-date=27 November 2020 |type=Working paper}}</ref> Duk da waɗannan iyakoki da buƙatar magance rashin daidaito, 'yan kasuwa mata na iya amfani da ƙwarewar daidaitawa da amfani da sabbin dama. Dangane da bincike da ya shafi kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, kasuwancin da ke da mata da yawa a kan allon su suna iya kara yawan ingancin makamashi, rage tasirin muhalli, da saka hannun jari a cikin hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tom |first=Pamela |date=2012-11-15 |title=More Female Board Directors Add Up to Improved Sustainability Performance |url=https://newsroom.haas.berkeley.edu/more-female-board-directors-add-improved-sustainability-performance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817133051/https://newsroom.haas.berkeley.edu/more-female-board-directors-add-improved-sustainability-performance/ |archive-date=17 August 2023 |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=Haas News {{!}} Berkeley Haas |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gender Diversity and Climate Innovation |url=https://assets.bbhub.io/professional/sites/24/BNEF-Sasakawa-Peace-Foundation-Gender-Diversity-and-Climate-Innovation_12012020_FINAL.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230811114705/https://assets.bbhub.io/professional/sites/24/BNEF-Sasakawa-Peace-Foundation-Gender-Diversity-and-Climate-Innovation_12012020_FINAL.pdf |archive-date=11 August 2023 |access-date=17 August 2023 |website=BloombergNEF}}</ref> A zahiri, rahoton Hukumar Aikin Gona ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya nuna cewa mata manoma za su fi shafar rashin tsaro na abinci saboda canjin yanayi. Kodayake suna wakiltar kashi 43% na manoma a kasashe masu tasowa, manoma mata suna da wahalar yin gasa da manoma maza. Wannan ya faru ne saboda alhakin su kasance a gida, da kuma iyakokinsu ga samun damar bashi a kasuwa. Bugu da ƙari, mata galibi ba sa saka hannun jari a bangarorin da za su iya kara yawan aikin gona. Wani takardar FAO game da Mata da Aikin Gona da aka ruwaito a 2011 ya tabbatar da cewa "Kubalolin da ke fuskantar mata manoma suna nufin cewa suna samun karamin amfanin gona fiye da takwarorinsu na maza... Duk da haka mata suna da kyau a noma kamar maza. Tabbacin tabbatarwa ya nuna cewa idan mata manoma sun yi amfani da matakin albarkatu iri ɗaya kamar maza a ƙasar da suke nomawa, za su cimma matakan amfanin gona iri ɗaya. === Ƙarin rashin daidaito === Canjin yanayi da rashin daidaito na jinsi suna tafiya tare. Canjin yanayi babban matsala ce ta duniya tare da tasiri mai zurfi ga yawan jama'ar duniya, musamman mata da 'yan mata da ke zaune a kasashe matalauta.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sokona |first=Youba |last2=Denton |first2=Fatma |date=2001-01-01 |title=Climate change impacts: can Africa cope with the challenges? |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3763/cpol.2001.0110 |url-status=live |journal=Climate Policy |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=117–123 |bibcode=2001CliPo...1..117S |doi=10.3763/cpol.2001.0110 |issn=1469-3062 |s2cid=154020901 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315073924/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3763/cpol.2001.0110 |archive-date=15 March 2023 |access-date=15 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="Rahman 2013 72–82">{{Cite journal |last=Rahman |first=Md Sadequr |date=2013 |title=Climate Change, Disaster and Gender Vulnerability: A Study on Two Divisions of Bangladesh |url=http://worldscholars.org/index.php/ajhe/article/view/0202_5 |url-status=live |journal=American Journal of Human Ecology |language=en |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=72–82 |doi=10.11634/216796221504315 |doi-broken-date=11 July 2025 |issn=2167-9630 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315041215/http://worldscholars.org/index.php/ajhe/article/view/0202_5 |archive-date=15 March 2023 |access-date=15 March 2023}}</ref> Canjin yanayi yana shafar mata da 'yan mata saboda sau da yawa sun dogara da albarkatun kasa kuma ba su da damar samun irin ayyukan da albarkatunsa kamar yadda maza ke yi. Canjin yanayi na iya haifar da karancin ruwa, rashin tsaro na abinci, da kuma ƙaura, wanda duk zai iya ƙara rashin daidaito na jinsi da ke cikin ƙasashe da yawa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Belsey-Priebe |first=Maryruth |last2=Lyons |first2=Deborah |last3=Buonocore |first3=Jonathan J. |date=January 2021 |title=COVID-19′s Impact on American Women's Food Insecurity Foreshadows Vulnerabilities to Climate Change |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |language=en |volume=18 |issue=13 |pages=6867 |doi=10.3390/ijerph18136867 |issn=1660-4601 |pmc=8296854 |pmid=34206797 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Devonald |first=Megan |last2=Jones |first2=Nicola |last3=Iyasu Gebru |first3=Abreham |last4=Yadete |first4=Workneh |date=2022-02-20 |title=Rethinking climate change through a gender and adolescent lens in Ethiopia |journal=Climate and Development |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=176–186 |doi=10.1080/17565529.2022.2032568 |issn=1756-5529 |s2cid=247020011 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Misali, mata galibi suna da alhakin tattara ruwa da itace da kuma gudanar da gida, don haka karuwar abubuwan da suka faru na matsanancin yanayi ko raguwar albarkatu na iya sa waɗannan ayyukan su zama da wahala da cin lokaci. Wannan na iya rage yawan lokacin da mata ke bi wasu ayyuka, kamar ilimi ko aiki. Canjin yanayi na iya kara haɗarin tashin hankali da cin zarafi ga mata a cikin yanayi mai rauni. Bala'o'i na iya barin mata da 'yan mata marasa gida kuma ba tare da samun damar samun albarkatun tsaro ba, yana kara yawan su ga cin zarafi da cin zarafi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Benevolenza |first=Mia A. |last2=DeRigne |first2=LeaAnne |date=2018-10-10 |title=The impact of climate change and natural disasters on vulnerable populations: A systematic review of literature |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2018.1527739 |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=266–281 |doi=10.1080/10911359.2018.1527739 |issn=1091-1359 |s2cid=150219722 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109205555/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10911359.2018.1527739 |archive-date=9 November 2023 |access-date=15 March 2023}}</ref> Gabaɗaya, canjin yanayi yana da damar yin mummunar rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi a sassa da yawa na duniya. Yana da mahimmanci cewa gwamnatoci da kungiyoyi su fahimci tasirin canjin yanayi akan daidaito tsakanin jinsi kuma su dauki matakai don karewa da karfafa mata da 'yan mata. Wannan na iya haɗawa da samar da damar samun albarkatu, ilimi, da sabis na tallafi, da haɓaka manufofi da shirye-shiryen da suka shafi jinsi don magance tasirin canjin yanayi. [[Fayil:CARE-CCAFS_in_Gender_&_Participatory_Research_in_Ghana_(14416212040).jpg|thumb|Matan Ghana da ke shiga cikin shirin bincike kan jinsi da bayanan zamantakewa na manoma da abubuwan da suka samu tare da canjin yanayi]] Rahoton Bincike na Biyar na IPCC ya kammala cewa akwai 'shaida mai ƙarfi' don karuwar rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi sakamakon abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi da kuma ci gaba da raunin bambancin. Karin rashin daidaito saboda canjin yanayi na iya samun dalilai da yawa. Misali, 'yan mata galibi suna fuskantar haɗari mai tsanani fiye da yara maza saboda rarrabawar albarkatun da ba su da daidaito a cikin iyali. Wannan tasirin yana karawa ta hanyar canjin yanayi wanda ya haifar da karancin albarkatu.<ref name="Demetriades">Demetriades, Justina, and Emily Esplen. "The Gender Dimensions of Poverty and Climate Change Adaptation." ''IDS Bulletin'' 39.4 (2009): 24–31. {{Doi|10.1111/j.1759-5436.2008.tb00473.x}}.</ref> Bugu da ƙari, sauyin yanayi sau da yawa yana haifar da karuwar ƙaurawar maza. Wannan ya bar mata da karuwar aiki a gida, wanda ke haifar da nauyin mata.<ref name="Olsson" /> An yi hasashen canjin yanayi don ƙara mitar da girman haɗarin halitta kamar matsanancin zafi. A lokacin da kuma bayan wadannan haɗari musamman mata suna da nauyi tare da karuwar aikin kulawa ga yara, marasa lafiya da tsofaffi, ƙarawa da ƙari ga yawan ayyukan gida.<ref name="Olsson" /><ref name="Neha S 2021"/> Mata kuma suna ba da gudummawar abinci a lokutan karancin abinci, wanda ya bar su da rauni ga kiwon lafiya, zamantakewa da lalacewar tunani.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2018 |title=نماینده مجلس ایران: بیشترین آسیب تغییرات اقلیمی متوجه زنان روستایی است |url=https://www.irna.ir/news/82861886/%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A2%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A8-%D8%AA%D8%BA%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87-%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420065255/https://www.irna.ir/news/82861886/%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A2%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A8-%D8%AA%D8%BA%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87-%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C |archive-date=20 April 2021 |access-date=31 March 2020 |website=ایرنا |language=fa}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> Ana kuma fitar da 'yan mata daga makaranta don taimakawa iyalansu magance bala'o'i. Dangane da binciken da aka kammala RAND da Jami'ar Vanderbilt, canjin yanayi na iya "ƙara bambancin kiwon lafiya da ya riga ya kasance a cikin al'ummomin LGBTQ +. " * Al'ummomin LGTQ + za su sami ƙarin fallasa ga bala'o'in muhalli kuma su kasance masu saukin kamuwa da mummunan tasirin bala'oi -bambance masu alaƙa da yanayi. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan al'ummomin da aka ware ba za su iya murmurewa daga waɗannan bala'o'i ba, saboda suna da ƙananan albarkatun da za su juya don tallafawa. Akwai dalilai guda biyu da suka sa akwai yiwuwar waɗannan al'ummomin su fuskanci bala'o'in yanayi: saboda dalilai biyu ne. Ɗaya, yankunan da suka shafi sosai sun haɗa da yawan mutanen LGBTQ +, waɗanda suka fi shafar bala'o'i irin su ambaliyar ruwa, matsanancin zafi da barkewar cututtuka, da kuma tasirin waɗannan bala'o-bambance na dogon lokaci. Biyu, akwai rashin daidaito na tsari wanda zai iya kara tabarbarewar tasirin canjin yanayi. Binciken ya ambaci bayanai daga binciken ƙididdigar Amurka, wanda ke gabatar da bayanai cewa mutane LGBTQ + suna da ƙimar ƙaura daga gidajensu saboda bala'o'in muhalli fiye da takwarorinsu na cisgender ko heterosexual === Talauci na makamashi ===   "Talauci na makamashi yana faruwa ne lokacin da iyali dole ne ya rage amfani da makamashi zuwa matakin da ke da mummunar tasiri ga lafiyar mazauna da jin daɗi. " * Suna nuna cewa dalilai guda uku ne ke motsa shi ciki har da mafi yawan kudaden gida da aka kashe akan makamashi, rashin isasshen kudin shiga da rashin ingancin makamashi na gidaje da kayan aikin su. Talauci na makamashi yafi zama batun sirri, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ya fi shafar gidaje.<ref name=":18"/> Talauci na makamashi, musamman a Afirka da Kudancin Asiya a kai a kai yana bayyana ta hanyar rashin makamashi mai tsabta da aminci, wanda ya haifar da "dogaro da yawa akan tushen makamashi na gargajiya kamar biomass".<ref name=":19"/> Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa akwai tasirin talauci na makamashi a kan mata, musamman a kasashe masu tasowa, shine cewa akwai rashin ilimi da horar da fasaha. Wannan yana hana su shiga cikin fannin makamashi da "ayyukan kasuwanci. "* Rahoton 2004 daga UNDP ya jaddada muhimmancin mata da 'yan mata a kasashe masu tasowa da ke shiga cikin ilimi mai zurfi, gami da wuraren da aka mayar da hankali kan lissafi da kimiyya, injiniya, jagoranci da karatun fasaha. <ref name=":20"/> == Yankin kimiyya == Canjin yanayi da jinsi suna haɗuwa a hanyoyi da yawa. Na farko, canje-canjen muhalli sakamakon canjin yanayi na iya tasiri sosai ga mata, dangane da matsayin zamantakewarsu, kabilanci, da kuma wurin ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rahman |first=Md. Sadequr |date=2013-05-30 |title=Climate Change, Disaster and Gender Vulnerability: A Study on Two Divisions of Bangladesh |journal=American Journal of Human Ecology |volume=2 |issue=2 |doi=10.11634/216796221302315 |issn=2167-9630 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dulal |first=Hari |last2=Shah |first2=Kalim |last3=Ahmad |first3=Nilufar |date=2009-07-23 |title=Social Equity Considerations in the Implementation of Caribbean Climate Change Adaptation Policies |journal=Sustainability |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=363–383 |doi=10.3390/su1030363 |issn=2071-1050 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Misali, mata a kasashe masu tasowa sun fi dogaro da albarkatun kasa don tsaron abinci, samun ruwa mai tsabta, da man fetur don dafa abinci da dumama. Yayinda canjin yanayi ke haifar da abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi da sauye-sauye a cikin yanayin hazo, waɗannan albarkatun sun zama da ƙarancin gaske, wanda ke haifar da rashin tsaro na abinci da talauci tsakanin mata. Na biyu, mata galibi ba su da wakilci a fagen kimiyya, suna sa ya zama da wahala a yi la'akari da tasirin jinsi na canjin yanayi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tannenbaum |first=Cara |last2=Ellis |first2=Robert P. |last3=Eyssel |first3=Friederike |last4=Zou |first4=James |last5=Schiebinger |first5=Londa |date=2019-11-06 |title=Sex and gender analysis improves science and engineering |journal=Nature |volume=575 |issue=7781 |pages=137–146 |bibcode=2019Natur.575..137T |doi=10.1038/s41586-019-1657-6 |issn=0028-0836 |pmid=31695204 |s2cid=207916652 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Patt |first=Anthony G. |last2=Dazé |first2=Angie |last3=Suarez |first3=Pablo |year=2009 |title=Gender and Climate Change Vulnerability: What's the Problem, What's the Solution? |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781849802338.00013 |journal=Distributional Impacts of Climate Change and Disasters |doi=10.4337/9781849802338.00013 |isbn=9781849802338 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Wannan shi ne saboda mata ba su da damar samun ilimi, albarkatu, da damar bincike a cikin kimiyya, don haka ra'ayoyinsu da ƙwarewarsu ba su da wakilci a fagen. Binciken da ba ya la'akari da tasirin jinsi na canjin yanayi na iya haifar da rashin isasshen fahimta game da yadda canjin yanayi ke shafar al'ummomi daban-daban kuma yana iya haifar da samun dama ga albarkatu da aiyuka don magance tasirin canjin yanayi. A ƙarshe, mata galibi suna da alhakin kula da membobin gida da sarrafa albarkatu a cikin al'ummomi, don haka suna da matsayi mai kyau don jagorantar canje-canje don rage canjin yanayi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Garcia |first=Alicea |last2=Tschakert |first2=Petra |last3=Karikari |first3=Nana Afia |date=2020-07-13 |title='Less able': how gendered subjectivities warp climate change adaptation in Ghana's Central Region |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0966369x.2020.1786017 |url-status=live |journal=Gender, Place & Culture |volume=27 |issue=11 |pages=1602–1627 |doi=10.1080/0966369x.2020.1786017 |issn=0966-369X |s2cid=225609579 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109210141/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0966369X.2020.1786017 |archive-date=9 November 2023 |access-date=15 March 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lawson |first=Victoria |date=March 2007 |title=Geographies of Care and Responsibility |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.2007.00520.x |url-status=live |journal=Annals of the Association of American Geographers |volume=97 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-8306.2007.00520.x |issn=0004-5608 |s2cid=144686805 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109210123/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-8306.2007.00520.x |archive-date=9 November 2023 |access-date=15 March 2023}}</ref> Koyaya, galibi ana cire mata daga hanyoyin yanke shawara waɗanda ke tsara manufofin canjin yanayi, don haka ba a la'akari da ra'ayoyinsu da iliminsu a cikin tsarin yin manufofi ba. Wannan na iya haifar da manufofi waɗanda ba su dace da bukatun jinsi na al'ummomi daban-daban ba, wanda ke haifar da rashin daidaito ga albarkatu da aiyuka don magance tasirin canjin yanayi. Gabaɗaya, canjin yanayi da jinsi suna da alaƙa da juna ta hanyoyi da yawa, kuma yana da mahimmanci a fahimci muhimmancin la'akari da tasirin jinsi na canjin yanayi a cikin bincike da yin manufofi. [[Fayil:Gender_gap_in_science_2019_-_ICTP_Trieste_05.jpg|thumb|Rashin daidaituwa tsakanin jinsi a Kimiyya]] Dangane da binciken da aka gudanar na IPCC WGI Co-Chairs da Technical Support Unit (TSU) a ranar 25 ga Afrilu 2014, da yawa daga cikin marubutan da aka bincika sun bayyana cewa sun ga bukatar ingantaccen ma'auni na jinsi. Wannan ya nuna a cikin daidaitattun jinsi na masu ba da gudummawa ga rahoton kimantawa na IPCC na biyar. Kashi 27% ne kawai na masu ba da gudummawa ga Working Group II, wadanda suka damu da tasirin, daidaitawa da rauni da kuma 18.5% na masu ba le gudummawa na Working Group I, wadanda suka shafi tushen kimiyyar jiki, mata ne. Wannan kuma ya shafi wasu kungiyoyi, kamar yadda misali kawai kashi 7% na matsayi na jagoranci a ofisoshin National Weather Services mata ne. A kan irin wannan bayanin, binciken da Jami'ar Oxford ta gudanar tare da hadin gwiwar Kamfanin Nielsen ya gano cewa 18 daga cikin 22 'masu magana da ya fi tasiri kan canjin yanayi' maza ne. Masu magana da yawun mata ba 'yan siyasa ba ne ko masana kimiyya kuma alaƙarsu kai tsaye da canjin yanayi saboda haka shakku ne.<ref name="MacGregor">MacGregor, Sherilyn. "A Stranger Silence Still: The Need for Feminist Social Research on Climate Change." ''The Sociological Review'' 57 (2010): 124–140. {{Doi|10.1111/j.1467-954X.2010.01889.x}}.</ref> == Siyasa == [[Rage canjin yanayi|Manufofin ragewa]] suna ƙoƙari su daidaita tsananin tasirin dumamar duniya ta hanyar matakai kamar rage iskar gas da haɓaka sinks. Dangane da bincike, maza da mata suna amfani da iliminsu game da muhallinsu don rage bala'o'i, canja wannan ilimin ta hanyar ilimi na al'ada. Wasu daga cikin wannan ilimin sun haɗa da hanyoyin adana abinci, hanyoyin gini, da fahimtar albarkatun ƙasa a yankin.<ref name="Building gendered approaches" /> Misalan kokarin ragewa sun hada da cinikin hayaki na carbon. Kokarin ragewa ya fi watsi da jinsi.<ref name="Gender and Climate Change" /> Manufofin daidaitawa sun haɗa da ƙoƙarin da aka shirya don jure mummunan tasirin canjin yanayi da kuma amfani da tasirin da ya dace. Maza da mata suna amsawa daban-daban ga canjin yanayi kuma daga baya ga matakan daidaitawa, wanda zai iya shafar maza da mata ba daidai ba, lokacin da aka yi watsi da hangen nesa na jinsi a cikin manufofin. Misali, rahoton IPCC na AR5 ya nuna cewa matakan daidaitawa a cikin aikin gona na iya haifar da karuwar rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi a wasu lokuta. === Hanyoyi mafi inganci ga manufofi masu kula da jinsi === Wasu malamai suna ba da shawarar haɗa girman jinsi a cikin bincike da amfani da hanyoyin haƙƙin ɗan adam kamar Millennium Development Goals da CEDAW a matsayin tsari don amsawar canjin yanayi. Kungiyoyi da yawa sun yi imanin cewa haɗa hanyoyin ragewa da daidaitawa, daidaitawa da kudade iri biyu na kokarin, da haɗa jinsi a cikin manufofi masu ragewa da daidaituwa zai fi magance sakamakon canjin yanayi. UNDP ta ba da umarnin haɓaka jinsi a duk matakan daidaitawa, ma'ana amsoshin daidaitawa ga canjin yanayi dole ne suyi la'akari da jinsi da daidaiton jinsi tun daga farkon su kuma ba za su iya haɗa ɓangaren jinsi ba a ƙarshen ci gaban su ko kuma kawai a wasu yankuna. Sauran sun yi imanin cewa tilasta ma'auni a kan al'ummomi na iya sa manufofin da suka shafi jinsi ba su da tasiri kuma suna iya zama marasa amfani, suna jaddada bambancin jinsi da ware batutuwan jinsi daga wasu yankunan da canjin yanayi ya shafa. === Manufofin rage yawan jinsi === A shekara ta 2009, masu halartar taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Muhalli da Ci Gaban sun amince da tsarin kariya na gandun daji da ake kira Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD). Yawancin kungiyoyin ci gaba suna yabon tsarin REDD, amma wasu suna sukar aikinta a matsayin kayan aiki na kasuwa da tasirinsa a kan al'ummomin yankin. A cikin shekaru 13 da suka gabata, sun yi haɗin gwiwa tare da kasashe 65 don cimma burinsu na gandun daji.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=Our Work |url=https://www.un-redd.org/how-we-work-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004032019/http://www.un-redd.org:80/how-we-work-1 |archive-date=4 October 2018 |website=UN-REDD Programme}}</ref> Wasu misalai na wannan sun haɗa da: Kasashen haɗin gwiwa na UN-REDD sun gabatar da tCO2 miliyan 700 na rage fitar da gandun daji, kuma kasashe 25 na UN-SREDD suka haɗa manufofin REDD + a matakin ministoci ko majalisar ministoci, ma'ana waɗannan ƙasashe yanzu sun ga raguwa a cikin sare daji.<ref name=":22" /> Shirin zartarwa na 2020 ya lura cewa Myanmar da Peru sun kirkiro manufofi na dabarun don rage hayaki a cikin gandun daji da kuma amfani da ƙasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2021 |title=Executive Summary |url=https://2020ar.unredd.net/executive-summary/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122061518/https://2020ar.unredd.net/executive-summary/ |archive-date=22 November 2021 |access-date=10 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-12 |title=Executive Summary |url=https://2020ar.unredd.net/executive-summary/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122061518/https://2020ar.unredd.net/executive-summary/ |archive-date=22 November 2021 |access-date=2021-11-22 |website=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |language=en-US}}</ref> The UN-REDD program has created a plan for 2021–2025 to reduce forest emissions and enhance carbon stocks.<ref name=":22"/> The first priority is to have forest solutions realized, in which they focus on reducing CO2 emissions.<ref name=":22" /> The second priority<ref name="auto" /> is to reward these forest solutions, and they have allocated $5 billion from Results-based Payment schemes, carbon markets, and private-sector carbon investments.<ref name=":22" /> Additionally, transactions under the 6th Article of the Paris Agreement are included in this.<ref name=":22" /> The third priority<ref name="auto" /> of this plan is to have at least 15 countries alter their Nationally Determined Contributions by 2025 to include more about forests, particularly with the goal of lowering emissions.<ref name=":22" /> The fourth goal<ref name="auto" /> involves REDD+ leading a Nature-based Solutions movement to speed up changes around climate action.<ref name=":22" /> === Manufofin daidaitawa da makafi === Wasu malamai sun yi imanin cewa manufofin canjin yanayi wanda ba ya magance jinsi ba su da tasiri. Yawancin manufofin canjin yanayi da aka kirkira kafin karni na 21 sun mayar da hankali kan tattalin arziki maimakon tasirin zamantakewa na canjin yanayi na duniya da dumamar yanayi.<ref name="Gender and Climate Change" /> Binciken canjin yanayi da manufofi sun fara kallon jinsi a karni na 21. <ref name="Gender and Climate Change" /> Yarjejeniyar kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci ga mata (CEDAW), Manufofin Ci Gaban Millennium, da kuma Tsarin Ayyuka na Beijing duk shirye-shiryen kula da jinsi ne waɗanda zasu iya shafar manufofin canjin yanayi.<ref name="Gender and Climate Change" /> Wasu daga cikin martani na kasa da kasa game da canjin yanayi waɗanda ba su magance jinsi ba ko amfani da hanyoyin da suka shafi jinsi sun haɗa da Agenda 21, Sanarwar Rio kan muhalli da ci gaba, yarjejeniyar Kyoto da [[Taswirar Hanyar Bali|Shirin Ayyuka na Bali]]. <ref name="Gender and Climate Change" /> Yarjejeniyar Biological Diversity (CBD) da Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Canjin Yanayi sun haɗa da girman jinsi, na ƙarshe ta hanyar shirin ayyukan jima'i.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gender Action Plan |url=https://unfccc.int/topics/gender/workstreams/the-gender-action-plan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626205636/https://unfccc.int/topics/gender/workstreams/the-gender-action-plan |archive-date=26 June 2021 |access-date=8 August 2019 |website=UNFCCC}}</ref> Roehr ya lura cewa, yayin da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta himmatu ga ƙaddamar da jinsi, a aikace ba a cimma daidaiton jinsi a cikin yanayin canjin yanayi ba. Ƙananan bayanai da bincike suna haifar da rashin isasshen wayar da kan jama'a game da manufofin jinsi da aka kafa.<ref name="Roehr" /> Shirin Ayyukan Canjin Yanayi na Indiya na Odisha na 2018-2023 yana da cikakken babi da aka keɓe ga jinsi da canjin yanayi, wanda ke tsara tsarin kula da jinsi na "haɓaka mata a matsayin wakilai na canji ba wadanda abin ya shafa ba". Wannan canji ne mai ban sha'awa daga Shirin Ayyukan Canjin Yanayi na baya na 2010-2015 inda ba a bincika jinsi a cikin yanayin canjin yanayi ba kuma saboda haka ba a haɗa shi a cikin rahoton ci gaban gwamnati game da Aiwatar da shirin canjin yanayin ba. Wannan yana nuna "ƙuntata muryoyin mata daga yanke shawara da tsarin kudi" da kuma ci gaba da cire su daga manufofi waɗanda ke da tasiri kai tsaye a rayuwarsu. Yankunan fifiko guda biyar na Shirin Ayyukan Jima'i sun haɗa da: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Enhanced Lima work programme on gender and its gender action plan |url=https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/cp2019_L03E.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730151904/https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/cp2019_L03E.pdf |archive-date=30 July 2023 |access-date=2023-02-06 |website=unfccc.int}}</ref> gina iyawa, gudanar da ilimi da sadarwa, daidaitaccen jinsi, shiga cikin jagorancin mata, daidaituwa, aiwatarwa da hanyoyin aiwatarwa, da saka idanu da rahoto. <ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |date=2019 |title=Conference of the Parties: Twenty fifth session. Gender and Climate Change: Proposal by the President. |url=https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/cp2019_L03E.pdf |url-status=live |journal=United Nations: Framework Convention on Climate Change |pages=1–10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730151904/https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/cp2019_L03E.pdf |archive-date=30 July 2023 |access-date=10 December 2021}}</ref> Gina iyawa, gudanar da ilimi da sadarwa suna buƙatar la'akari da jinsi don taka muhimmiyar rawa yayin ƙirƙirar manufofi da shirye-shiryen aiki.<ref name=":12" /> Manufar wannan ba wai kawai tabbatar da cewa ana la'akari da jinsi daidai ba, amma don kara fadakarwa da wayar da kan jama'a don yin hakan.<ref name=":12" /> Sashe na biyu, daidaiton jinsi, shiga da jagorancin mata, ya bayyana burin samun karin mata su shiga cikin tsarin UNFCCC.<ref name=":12" /> Na gaba, wanda shine daidaituwa, yana jaddada buƙatar umarnin da ya shafi jinsi.<ref name=":12" /> Aiwatar da martani na jinsi da hanyoyin aiwatarwa suna tabbatar da muhimmancin samun mata da aka ambata a cikin dokoki kamar Yarjejeniyar Paris. Kuma a ƙarshe, saka idanu da rahoto za su sa ido kan waɗannan canje-canje a ƙarƙashin shirin aikin Lima don ganin ko ana aiwatar da shirin aikin jinsi yadda ya kamata.<ref name=":12" /> === Ciki har da mata a cikin tsarin yin manufofi === [[Fayil:Dina_Titus_listened_to_Greta_Thunberg_on_Climate_Change.jpg|right|thumb|Dina Titus tana sauraron [[Greta Thunberg]] tana tattauna bukatar gaggawa don magance canjin yanayi.]] Rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi ba wai kawai ya fito ne a cikin yanayin canjin yanayi a matsayin gaskiyar zahiri ba, har ma a cikin jawabai da tattaunawa game da canjin yanayi.<ref name="MacGregor">MacGregor, Sherilyn. "A Stranger Silence Still: The Need for Feminist Social Research on Climate Change." ''The Sociological Review'' 57 (2010): 124–140. {{Doi|10.1111/j.1467-954X.2010.01889.x}}.</ref> Wannan yana nunawa a cikin gaskiyar cewa maza suna da rinjaye a duk matakan muhawara game da canjin yanayi <ref name="MacGregor" /> - daga kimiyya zuwa manufofi, daga gida zuwa matakin duniya.<ref name="Boyd" /> Wannan yana da tasiri ga manufofin canjin yanayi. Mata na iya zama muhimman 'yan wasa a cikin manufofin canjin yanayi saboda suna da ilimin jinsi game da abubuwa kamar sarrafa albarkatun ruwa. Duk da yake mata a yankunan karkara sun dogara da muhalli sosai, yawanci ba a wakilce su a cikin hanyoyin yanke shawara na canjin yanayi.<ref name="adapting to climate change in Africa" /> Binciken CARE ya nuna cewa, lokacin da mata ke kula da kudin shiga na iyali, ana iya kashe shi akan ci gaban ɗan adam. Mata kuma galibi suna da haɗari fiye da maza kuma suna yanke shawara mafi aminci.<ref name="Adaptation, Gender, and Women's Empowerment" /> Duk da haka, a cikin 2008, Hukumar Tarayyar Turai da Majalisar kan manufofin daidaitawa ba su magance jinsi ba. Bugu da ƙari, matsayin jinsi da matsin lamba na ma'aikata da zamantakewa na gaba na iya haifar da ƙuntatawa ga iyawar daidaitawa. Yawancin malamai da kungiyoyi da ke aiki don magance canjin yanayi sun yarda cewa masu tsara manufofi dole ne su yi aiki tare da mata da maza kuma suyi la'akari da su a kowane mataki.<ref name="Adaptation, Gender, and Women's Empowerment" /> Bincike yana tallafawa rawar da mata ke takawa wajen jagorantar aikin yanayi: kasashe da ke da wakilcin mata da yawa a majalisa suna iya tabbatar da yarjejeniyar muhalli da kuma aiwatar da dokoki da ke magance tasirin canjin yanayi. === Shugabanci da canjin yanayi kimiyya da manufofi === Wasu malaman mata suna riƙe da cewa muhawara game da canjin yanayi ba kawai maza ne suka mamaye shi ba har ma da farko an tsara shi ne a cikin ka'idodin 'maza', wanda ke iyakance tattaunawa game da canji na yanayi zuwa hangen nesa wanda ke mai da hankali kan mafita ta fasaha, kuma yana da asusun rashin iya daidaitawa da rage canjin yanayi yana nuna tasirin ayyukan sararin samaniya waɗanda ke nuna alaƙar iko da ware mata. Sau da yawa ɓoyayyun ra'ayi da alaƙar iko waɗanda a zahiri ke ƙayyade manufofin canjin yanayi da kimiyya, suna haifar da wani abu wanda Tuana ya kira 'rashin adalci na asali'. Hakazalika, MacGregor yana sukar maganganun kimiyya daga hangen nesa amma yana mai da hankali kan bangarorin magana. Ta tabbatar da cewa ta hanyar tsara canjin yanayi a matsayin batun 'mai wuya' halayyar kimiyya ta halitta da tsaro na halitta, ana kiyaye shi a cikin yankunan gargajiya na namiji.<ref name="MacGregor">MacGregor, Sherilyn. "A Stranger Silence Still: The Need for Feminist Social Research on Climate Change." ''The Sociological Review'' 57 (2010): 124–140. {{Doi|10.1111/j.1467-954X.2010.01889.x}}.</ref> Seager ya ci gaba da cewa manufar 2 ° C, wanda shine batun da ke faruwa a cikin muhawara game da canjin yanayi, ba, kamar yadda ake ɗauka sau da yawa, manufa ce mai aminci ga dukkan mutane a duniya. Maimakon haka zai tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na jari-hujja kuma daga baya ci gaba da iko ga waɗanda ke da iko a yau.<ref name="Seager" />&nbsp; == Ayyukan mutum-mutumi da suka bambanta da jinsi == {{Reflist}} Mata na iya taka rawa a cikin martani na canjin yanayi kuma sau da yawa suna iya taimakawa a matakin gida, wanda zai iya sanar da takamaiman fannoni na manufofin canjin yanayi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Introduction to Gender and Climate Change |url=https://unfccc.int/gender |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406230318/https://unfccc.int/gender |archive-date=6 April 2019 |access-date=2021-11-22 |website=unfccc.int}}</ref> Mata suna ba da gudummawa ga ilimin su na gida game da jagoranci, gudanar da albarkatu mai ɗorewa, da kuma yadda za a haɗa dorewa cikin gida da al'umma. Wannan kuma yana nuna yadda mata ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kula da albarkatun kasa.<ref name=":32">{{Cite journal |date=2011 |title=Overview of linkages between gender and climate change |journal=Global Gender and Climate Alliance}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, shaidu sun nuna cewa al'ummomi sun fi dacewa da shirye-shiryen bala'o'i lokacin da mata ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin gargadi da sake ginawa.<ref name=":32"/> Wani binciken da aka yi a Kudancin Asiya a shekara ta 2000 ya nuna cewa mata suna da mahimmanci a shirye-shiryen haɗari da sake ginawa / gudanar da al'ummomi bayan bala'i, da kuma tabbatar da tsaron abinci da aminci ga takamaiman kungiyoyin mutane.<ref name=":32" /> == Haɗin jinsi == === 'Yan tsiraru na jima'i da jinsi === Many marginalized groups are disproportionately affected by the climate crisis the world is experiencing, and this includes both gender and sexual minorities.<ref name=":03"/> Following a disaster, same sex couples risk not receiving relief support if they are not recognized as a legitimate couple by the government.<ref name=":03" /> Additionally, non-binary individuals lack access to gender-specific services that target men or women. Initiatives to reduce this risk and danger include [https://web.archive.org/web/20211129025028/https://www.mapbeks.org/] Archived 29 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine to map LGBTQ+ safe spaces, HIV testing facilities, and access through roads and buildings for disaster management.<ref name=":03" /> === Maza da Canjin Yanayi === Canjin yanayi yana kara muni, batutuwan muhalli na maza suna kara muni. Rashin rauni daban-daban yana nazarin dangantakar da ke tsakanin abubuwan damuwa na muhalli da tasirin da suke da shi a kan wasu kungiyoyi idan aka kwatanta da wasu. Misali, wani abin damuwa wanda ke shafar maza ba daidai ba shine ra'ayin zamantakewa na namiji. Wannan na iya sa maza da yara maza su dauki hadari, musamman a lokutan rikici, kamar bala'o'in muhalli. Wannan ya bayyana kididdigar cewa mutuwar maza ta fi girma a lokacin wani taron, kamar guguwa ko ambaliyar ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, wani al'ada na zamantakewa, musamman a kasashe masu tasowa, shine cewa maza ya kamata su yi jinkirin neman taimako da canza halaye, hana rauni. Wannan yana sa wasu maza su yi tsayayya da daidaitawa, wanda ya sa su kasance marasa nasara a hanyoyin rayuwarsu, musamman a lokacin bala'o'in muhalli.<ref name=":25"/> Bugu da ƙari, ayyukan da suka shafi jinsi ga maza da kuma yadda aka kammala ayyukan suna cikin haɗari saboda canjin yanayi. Misali, wasu ayyukan noma kamar kamun kifi da noma na iya zama ba zai yiwu ba saboda hauhawar matakin teku da hauhawar matakan carbon a ƙasa. Wannan na iya sa maza su bar ayyukansu na noma kuma su yi barazana ga ikon samun kudin shiga. Maza kuma bazai sami damar samun cikakken bayani game da batutuwa kamar wadatar ruwan sha da kuma abin da amfanin gona za a iya amfani da shi don dafa abinci ba, saboda shingen zamantakewa. Ƙayyadaddun bayanai maza na iya samun game da waɗannan bayanan na iya haifar da rashin isasshen shiri da rashin nasarar shirye-shirye ga al'ummar da ke cikin haɗari. === Manufofin Amurka da dabarun === {{Reflist}} A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an kirkiro shirye-shirye game da daidaiton jinsi dangane da canjin yanayi. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shirye-shiryen shine dabarun kasa kan daidaito da daidaito na jinsi, wanda gwamnatin Biden-Harris ta gabatar.<ref name=":42">{{Cite web |date=22 October 2021 |title=Fact Sheet: National Strategy on Gender Equity and Equality |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/10/22/fact-sheet-national-strategy-on-gender-equity-and-equality/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022104028/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/10/22/fact-sheet-national-strategy-on-gender-equity-and-equality/ |archive-date=22 October 2021}}</ref> Wannan dabarar ce da ke da niyyar samun cikakken shiga na dukkan mutane, wanda ya hada da mata, a Amurka.<ref name=":42" /> A cikin wannan dabarar, sun fahimci cewa akwai nuna bambanci da ke da alaƙa da jinsi a ci gaban manufofin yanayi.<ref name=":42" /> Wadannan manufofi, wadanda ke warewa, suna da wuyar yin ingantaccen manufofi game da batutuwa kamar canjin yanayi idan aka bar kungiyoyin mutane.<ref name=":42" /> Manufar wannan dabarar ita ce inganta daidaiton jinsi dangane da manufofin canjin yanayi da ragewa, da kuma magance yadda canjin yanayi zai iya shafar lafiyar jama'a daban-daban bisa ga jinsi.<ref name=":42" /> Wannan burin inganta daidaiton jinsi a ragewa da amsawa ga canjin yanayi ya haɗa da matakai da yawa.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |title=National Strategy on Gender Equity and Equality |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/National-Strategy-on-Gender-Equity-and-Equality.pdf |url-status=live |journal=The White House |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820025734/https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/National-Strategy-on-Gender-Equity-and-Equality.pdf |archive-date=20 August 2023 |access-date=10 December 2021}}</ref> Na farko shine bin wannan daidaiton jinsi a cikin tattaunawar da kimiyya wanda ke kewaye da canjin yanayi.<ref name=":5" /> Don inganta ilimin mata, gwamnati na fatan samar da mayar da hankali kan kimiyyar yanayi a ilimi da kuma tabbatar da shigar da su cikin tsare-tsaren kare muhalli da tsare-tsare na aikin yanayi.<ref name=":5" /> Abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci a gaba su ne ƙirƙirar ƙarin horo na jagoranci ga mata don ƙirƙirar mafi kyawun shiga cikin tattalin arzikin makamashi mai tsabta.<ref name=":5" /> Wani burin shi ne yin amfani da shirin Justice40 don isar da kashi 40% na fa'idodi daga saka hannun jari don yanayi da makamashi mai tsabta ga al'ummomin da ba su da wadata.<ref name=":5" /> Bugu da ƙari, suna shirin ƙirƙirar [https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/National-Strategy-on-Gender-Equity-and-Equality.pdf Kayan Binciken Yanayi da Tattalin Arziki].<ref name=":5" /> Sauran dokoki, kamar Dokar Mata da Canjin Yanayi ta 2019. Yana fatan nuna shirye-shiryen da mata ke jagoranta ba kawai don yaki da canjin yanayi da kansa ba, amma rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi da ke cikin wannan yanki.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Barbara |date=27 March 2019 |title=H.R.1880 - Women and Climate Change Act of 2019 |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/1880/text?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22Women+and+Climate+Change+Act%22%5D%7D&r=1&s=7#toc-HFCA008F1F90E46FEB191425CC7AB889A |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123024237/https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/1880/text?q=%7B%22search%22:%5B%22Women+and+Climate+Change+Act%22%5D%7D&r=1&s=7 |archive-date=23 November 2021}}</ref> Suna fatan kafa Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Tarayya kan Mata da Canjin Yanayi, da kuma ƙirƙirar cikakkiyar dabarun kan yadda za a haɗa mata cikin manufofin yanayi a nan gaba.<ref name=":6" /> A farkon 2021, 'yar majalisa Barbara Lee, daga gundumar 12 ta California, ta gabatar da Dokar Mata da Canjin Yanayi ta 2021 da kuma Ƙudurin Taimaka wa Koyar da Canjin Canjin Yanayin A Makarantu. Wadannan kudaden biyu "an yi niyya ne don rage tasirin canjin yanayi a kan mata da 'yan mata a duniya da kuma karfafa gwamnatin tarayya, jihohi, makarantu, da kungiyoyin al'umma don koyar da canjin yanayi cikin shirye-shiryen da suka dace da ayyukan. " * Kafin Lee ya gabatar da waɗannan kudaden, akwai Dokar Mata da Canjin Yanayi ta 2019, wanda aka yi niyya don inganta martani da dabarun gwamnatin Amurka ga tasirin sauyin yanayi a kan Mata da 'yan matan. WCCA na 2019 ta sami goyon baya da amincewa daga Planned Parenthood, Sierra Club da Kungiyar Muhalli da Ci Gaban Mata. === Nazarin shari'a === ==== Bangladesh ==== {{excerpt|Climate change in Bangladesh|Women|paragraphs=1,2}} ==== Madagascar ==== {{Excerpt|Energy poverty and gender}} [[Fayil:Cut_Forest,_Madagascar_(21794304082).jpg|right|thumb|Kashe daji a Madagascar.]] 80% na nau'ikan shuke-shuke da dabbobi da aka samu a [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]] ba su samuwa a ko'ina a Duniya ba.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=13 February 2019 |title=Environment and Climate Change |url=https://www.usaid.gov/madagascar/environment |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622050135/https://www.usaid.gov/madagascar/environment |archive-date=22 June 2021 |access-date=24 November 2020 |website=[[USAID]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Story Map Journal |url=https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=d80bf7a8bfca47cbb9a9bbf5f10edb21) |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420065257/https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=d80bf7a8bfca47cbb9a9bbf5f10edb21) |archive-date=20 April 2021 |access-date=24 November 2020 |website=www.arcgis.com}}</ref> Saboda wannan bambancin jinsin, [[Gandun daji|sare daji]] a Madagascar zai yi tasiri sosai a kan Bambancin halittu na duniya, kuma wannan ya sa kasar ta zama mafi girman fifiko ga kiyaye bambancin halittukan halittu na Duniya.<ref name=":2" /> Tasirin canjin yanayi a Madagascar, kasar da ke da yawan mutanen karkara da masu rauni, ana sa ran za su kara tsananta abubuwan da suka faru na guguwa mai karfi, [[Ambaliya|ambaliyar ruwa]], fari, da rashin tabbas a cikin yanayin yanayi, wanda zai kara barazana ga tsaro na abinci, ababen more rayuwa, da kuma yanayin kasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Risk and Adaptation Country Profile: Madagascar |url=https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/2018-10/wb_gfdrr_climate_change_country_profile_for_MDG.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513110520/https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/2018-10/wb_gfdrr_climate_change_country_profile_for_MDG.pdf |archive-date=13 May 2023 |access-date=24 November 2020 |website=climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 January 2019 |title=Future Climate Change in Madagascar – how gender equality can help |url=https://www.lickthespoon.co.uk/future-climate-change-in-madagascar-how-gender-equality-can-help/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415151541/https://www.lickthespoon.co.uk/future-climate-change-in-madagascar-how-gender-equality-can-help/ |archive-date=15 April 2021 |access-date=24 November 2020 |website=Lick the Spoon |language=en-US}}</ref> The Policy Research Brief da Cibiyar Manufofin Kasa da Kasa ta wallafa (IPC-IG) mai taken "Greening the Economy and Hacking Economic Equity for Women Farmers in Madagascar" ta gano cewa gaskiyar rayuwa ta canjin yanayi a Madagascar ta bambanta da jinsi.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Greening the Economy and Increasing Economic Equity for Women Farmers in Madagascar |url=http://www.ipc-undp.org/pub/IPCPolicyResearchBrief34.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420065257/http://www.ipc-undp.org/pub/IPCPolicyResearchBrief34.pdf |archive-date=20 April 2021 |access-date=24 November 2020 |website=www.ipc-undp.org}}</ref> Manufofin da dabarun da suka dace na kasa kamar su Shirin Ayyuka na Kasa na Madagascar (NAPA) da ke da alaƙa da canjin yanayi ba a mayar da hankali ga jinsi ba, saboda haka, wanda ke haifar da bambancin manufofin da suka shafi jinsi wanda ke ci gaba da karfafa warewar mata a cikin hanyoyin manufofi da suka shafi daidaitawar yanayi, kudade da ragewa.<ref name=":3" /> Rahoton ya ba da shawarar shirya hadin gwiwa mata da inganta shigar da mata a matsayin jagoranci don inganta haɗin kai a cikin tattalin arzikin kore.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=IPC-IG Publishes Brief on Climate Change, Farming and Gender in Madagascar |url=http://sdg.iisd.org/news/ipc-ig-publishes-brief-on-climate-change-farming-and-gender-in-madagascar/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423021753/http://sdg.iisd.org/news/ipc-ig-publishes-brief-on-climate-change-farming-and-gender-in-madagascar/ |archive-date=23 April 2021 |access-date=24 November 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref>&nbsp; ==== Mozambique ==== Gwamnatin Mozambique ta karɓi Tsarin Jima'i, Muhalli da Canjin Yanayi da Shirin Aiki a farkon shekara ta 2010, kasancewar ita ce gwamnati ta farko a duniya da ta yi hakan. A cikin shirin aikinsa na II, Alcinda António de Abreu, Ministan Muhalli na Mozambique a lokacin, ya yi sharhi cewa "daidaitawa da sauye-sauyen yanayi da ragewa [daidaita] akan amfani mai ɗorewa da daidaitaccen iko, da kuma fa'idodin da aka samu daga, albarkatun halitta - kuma duk 'yan ƙasa, ba tare da la'akari da matsayinsu na zamantakewa ko jinsi ba, a duk fannoni na rayuwar tattalin arziki da siyasa, suna da rawar da za su taka a cikin wannan gagarumin ƙoƙari". An ba da amfani mai ɗorewa da gudanar da horar da albarkatun ƙasa ga mata sama da 12,000. Hakazalika, al'ummomi talatin da shida sun koyi kuma sun sami ilimi game da hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa don rigakafi da sarrafa gobara, dasa amfanin gona mai tsayayya da fari, da samarwa da amfani da ingantaccen murhu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2014 |title=Mozambique Climate Change Gender Action Plan (ccGAP) Report |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/mozambique-climate-change-gender-action-plan-ccgap-report |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612105903/https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/mozambique-climate-change-gender-action-plan-ccgap-report |archive-date=12 June 2021 |access-date=26 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref> ==== Afirka ta Kudu ====   A shekara ta 2010, [[Afirka]] ta Kudu ita ce yankin da ke da tattalin arziki mafi girma a Afirka, duk da haka fiye da rabin yawan jama'a suna rayuwa cikin talauci kuma da yawa ba su da aikin yi. Mutanen da ke fama da talauci a Afirka ta Kudu sun dogara da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa don rayuwa.<ref name="Gender and Climate Change South Africa Case Study" /> Har ila yau, hakar kwal da ƙarfe sun kasance manyan bangarorin da ke ba da gudummawa ga tattalin arziki, amma suna raguwa a cikin karni na 21 saboda canjin yanayi da duniya.<ref name="Gender and Climate Change South Africa Case Study" /> A cikin shekara ta 2007, [[Kungiyar gwamnatoci a kan Canjin Yanayi|Kwamitin Gwamnati kan Canjin Yanayi]] (IPCC) ya yi hasashen cewa Afirka za ta yi dumi saboda canjin yanayi sau 1.5 fiye da sauran duniya kuma cewa Afirka ta Kudu, musamman, za ta kasance 3 - 4 ° C mai dumi da 2100. <ref name="Gender and Climate Change South Africa Case Study" /> Ruwa, noma, hakar ma'adinai, da gandun daji duk za su shafi waɗannan canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki da yanayi.<ref name="Gender and Climate Change South Africa Case Study" /> Kwamitin Binciken Kimiyya na Dan Adam ya gano a shekara ta 2004 cewa kashi 57% na matalautan Afirka ta Kudu suna cikin haɗari ga tasirin canjin yanayi mara kyau saboda sun dogara da aikin gona mai ruwan sama kuma ana sa ran canjin yanayi a Afirka zai haifar da lokaci mai tsawo da tsananin fari a tsawon lokaci.<ref name="Gender and Climate Change South Africa Case Study" /> Yawancin matalauta a yankunan karkara a Afirka ta Kudu mata ne waɗanda ke da iyakantaccen damar samun dukiya, samun kudin shiga, bashi, albarkatu, da ikon zamantakewa.<ref name="Gender and Climate Change South Africa Case Study" />&nbsp; A Afirka ta Kudu, maza suna kula da dabbobi yayin da mata ke kula da lambun, amma a cikin dogon lokacin fari, gidaje da yawa suna rasa dabbobinsu. A mayar da martani ga wannan asarar da kuma karuwar rashin aikin yi, maza suna juyawa zuwa barasa don magance damuwa ta hankali.<ref name="Gender and Climate Change South Africa Case Study" /> Wasu kuma suna ƙara yawan abokan jima'i, suna ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da kwayar cutar HIV ko yaduwar cutar HIV.<ref name="Gender and Climate Change South Africa Case Study" /> Dangane da waɗannan canje-canje, mata da yawa suna shiga cikin ma'aikata, ko dai a hukumance ko kuma ba bisa ka'ida ba. Wasu yanzu suna aiki a cikin al'adun maza kamar hakar ma'adinai da gine-gine. Sauran suna yin da sayar da kayayyaki a cikin gida.<ref name="Gender and Climate Change South Africa Case Study" /> Gudummawar zamantakewa daga gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta kara tallafawa gidajen da sauyin yanayi ya shafa.<ref name="Gender and Climate Change South Africa Case Study" /> Wadannan tallafin sun hada da fansho, biyan bashin nakasassu, da tallafin yara.<ref name="Gender and Climate Change South Africa Case Study" /> A wasu lokuta, lokacin da maza ke da alhakin rarraba tallafin zamantakewa a cikin gida maimakon mata, suna amfani da kuɗin don siyan barasa.<ref name="Gender and Climate Change South Africa Case Study" /> A mayar da martani, gwamnati tana ba da tallafi ga mata, wanda zai iya haifar da rikice-rikicen cikin gida a cikin gidaje.<ref name="Gender and Climate Change South Africa Case Study" /> Fahimtar [[Sauyin yanayi a Afirka ta Kudu|Canjin yanayi a Afirka ta Kudu]] ya dogara ne da gogewa da ilimin gida, wanda ake sadarwa ta baki. Mata suna riƙe da wannan ilimin fiye da maza saboda kwarewarsu game da noma da lambu.<ref name="Gender and Climate Change South Africa Case Study" /> Don mayar da martani ga fari, wasu mata suna shuka amfanin gona a kusa da wuraren da ake ruwa ko wasu maɓuɓɓugar ruwa.<ref name="Gender and Climate Change South Africa Case Study" /> Har ila yau, suna adana abinci don lokutan fari ko gazawar amfanin gona.<ref name="Gender and Climate Change South Africa Case Study" /> Duk da ilimin da suke da shi game da canjin yanayi, martani da yawa a Afirka ta Kudu (kamar Nazarin Kasar Afirka ta Kudu kan Sauƙin Canjin Yanayi da Binciken Adaptation) ba su magance jinsi ba.<ref name="Gender and Climate Change South Africa Case Study" /> Duk da yake mata a Afirka ta Kudu suna da wakilci a cikin gwamnati a matakin kasa da na lardin, babu mata da yawa a cikin gwamnati A matakin birni.<ref name="Gender and Climate Change South Africa Case Study" /> ==== Arewacin Amurka ==== A ranar 29 ga watan Agusta, 2005, wata guguwa ta rukuni na 3, Guguwar Katrina, ta buge Tekun Gulf na Amurka, ta bar tasiri ga duk wanda ya tsira. Duk da haka, bala'in da ya fi shahara ya bar tasiri sosai ga matan da ke zaune a New Orleans a lokacin. A cewar Laura Butterbaugh, marubucin Feminism and Motherhood, a lokacin da guguwar ta buge, kashi 25.9% na mata da ke zaune a New Orleans suna rayuwa a ƙasa da layin talauci, kusan kashi 6% fiye da maza da ke zaune cikin wannan radius. Saboda yanayin kudi, an sanya mata a matsayi inda ba su iya kwashe gidajensu ba bayan ambaliyar ruwa ta fara. Wannan ya haifar da matsala mafi girma ga mata masu juna biyu da yara, saboda an hana motsi. Kimanin kashi 56% na mata a New Orleans gidaje ne masu zaman kansu, don haka iyalai masu zaman kansu da ke fama da talauci da ambaliyar ruwa ta tarihi sun haifar da bala'i. Mata ma sun fuskanci haɗarin tashin hankali a lokacin bala'in da shekaru da suka biyo baya. A cewar Jane Henrici, Allison Suppan Helmuth, da Jackie Braun daga Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Mata, a lokacin guguwar ta'addanci na jinsi "a Mississippi ta tashi daga 4.6 a kowace rana lokacin da Guguwar Katrina ta buge jihar, zuwa 16.3 a kowace rana a shekara bayan haka mata da yawa sun kasance sun rasa gidajensu kuma suna zaune a cikin mafaka na wucin gadi da tirela. " * A nan gaba, yana da mahimmanci ga al'ummomin da ke fuskantar bala'o'in muhalli don yin shirin game da aka ware. A ƙarshe, ya kamata a yi ƙarin bincike ta hanyar nazarin tasirin bala'o'i na halitta a kan duk asalin jinsi, don fahimtar yadda ya kamata a tallafa wa kowace al'umma.<ref name=":28"/>  <ref name=":29"/> ==== Kudancin Amurka ==== Ibrahim Granados Martinez ya nuna cewa an tilasta mata a yankuna a duk faɗin Latin Amurka su daidaita da mahallinsu, wanda sauyin yanayi na mutum ke canzawa akai-akai. A Latin Amurka, sauyin yanayi ya shafi mata 'yan asalin ƙasar, yayin da mata miliyan 58 ke zaune a yankunan karkara na nahiyar kuma kashi 30% na waɗancan mata suna da ƙasar noma. Koyaya, babban matsala tare da daidaitawarsu ya samo asali ne daga iyakantaccen albarkatun da suke da shi don magance fari, ambaliyar ruwa, raƙuman zafi, hauhawar matakin teku, da sauran tasirin da suka shafi yanayi a kan al'ummominsu. Kashi 5% ne kawai na matan da ke zaune a yankunan karkara kuma wadanda ke da gonar noma suna da damar samun taimakon fasaha, wanda ke barin su cikin talauci, cututtuka, da tashin hankali. Wadannan matan da ke zaune a yankunan karkara a halin yanzu suna neman hanyoyin daidaitawa da wannan rikicin, a cikin karancin goyon baya daga gwamnati. Misali, ana buƙatar mata masu sayar da kayan a yankunan karkara na Bolivia a wasu lokuta su ɗauki nau'ikan sufuri guda uku don isa wurin da za su ba su isasshen kuɗi don samar da iyalansu. Bugu da ƙari, ana tilasta mata a Nicaragua su sake tunanin yadda suke noma, yayin da canjin yanayi ke samar da ƙasashe marasa amfani. ==== Indiya ==== {{excerpt|Climate change in Bangladesh|Women|paragraphs=1,2}} [[Fayil:The_Secretary_of_State_for_Energy_and_Climate_Change,_United_Kingdom,_Ms._Amber_Augusta_Rudd_meeting_the_Union_Minister_for_Women_and_Child_Development,_Smt._Maneka_Sanjay_Gandhi.jpg|thumb|Sakataren Harkokin Makamashi da Canjin Yanayi, Burtaniya, Ms. Amber Augusta Rudd ta gana da Ministan Tarayyar Mata da Ci gaban Yara, Smt. Maneka Sanjay Gandhi]] Don fahimtar raunin jinsi mutum yana buƙatar fahimtar shi tare da matsayi, aji, da kabilanci. A cikin Mahanadi Delta na Indiya, mata daga Scheduled Castes sun nuna matakan amincewa da kansu da girman kai duk da fuskantar talauci. Duk da yake mata daga manyan kabilu suna ɗaure da "mafi karfi na shugabanci da ƙuntataccen motsi", mata daga Scheduled Castes "sau da yawa ba tare da fahimtar hakan ba" suna iya kawar da iyakokin shugabanci da "suna motsi da sauƙi".<ref name=":4g">{{Cite journal |last=Hans |first=Asha |last2=Hazra |first2=Sugata |last3=Das |first3=Shouvik |last4=Patel |first4=Amrita |date=2019-09-01 |title=Encountering Gendered Spaces in Climate Change Policy in India: Migration and Adaptation |url=https://migrationaffairs.com/encountering-gendered-spaces-in-climate-change-policy-in-india-migration-and-adaptation/ |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Migration Affairs |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=1 |doi=10.36931/jma.2019.2.1.1-24 |issn=2582-0990 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625101629/https://migrationaffairs.com/encountering-gendered-spaces-in-climate-change-policy-in-india-migration-and-adaptation/ |archive-date=25 June 2021 |access-date=29 November 2020 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ra'ayin mata a matsayin "kawai masu rauni da kuma warewa a cikin mahallin canjin yanayi" ba daidai ba ne.<ref name=":8"/> Hukumar mata don noma kayan lambu a cikin filayen da aka katako na ruwa na ƙauyen Totashi na Odisha ta juya rashin fa'idodi da aka haifar da katako na ruwan da aka kai ta hanyar samar musu da ƙarin kuɗin shiga don tallafawa iyalansu da bukatun abinci mai gina jiki. Mata na ƙauyen Jeypore na Odisha suna ba da gudummawa sau biyu a wata don share ruwa daga jikin ruwa ta hanyar samar da sarkar don "cire sassan ruwa na ruwa kafin a cire su". Wannan ba wai kawai ya inganta ingancin ruwa na tafkunan ba kuma ya ba mazauna ƙauyuka damar shiga aikin noma da kamun kifi ba har ma ya bincika raguwar amfanin ƙasa da yaduwar cututtuka, macizai, da kwari masu guba.<ref name="undp-india.exposure.co">{{Cite web |title=Women Adapting to Climate Change by undp india on Exposure |url=https://undp-india.exposure.co/women-adapting-to-climate-change?slow=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109210133/https://undp-india.exposure.co/women-adapting-to-climate-change?slow=1 |archive-date=9 November 2023 |access-date=2020-11-29 |website=undp-india.exposure.co}}</ref> Wani binciken da aka gudanar tsakanin 2014 da 2018 a gundumomi biyar na Mahanadi delta na Odisha ya nuna cewa iyalai masu shugabancin mata sun sami "ƙarin asarar kuɗi saboda gazawar amfanin gona, dabbobi da kayan aiki da kuma asarar rai" idan aka kwatanta da iyalai masu jagorancin maza a lokacin matsanancin abubuwan da suka faru. Iyalan mata da ke jagoranta suna da nauyin da ke akwai na kula da iyali, kuma haɗe da ƙananan kudaden shiga, ƙarancin juriya ko iyawa, sun fi muni fiye da iyalai na maza a lokacin matsanancin abubuwan da suka faru. Rashin daidaito ya kara da shekarun mata, matsayin aure, rashin ilimi, da samun kudin shiga inda yawancin mata ba su da kudin shiga, da yawa suna da karancin kudin shiga, kuma yawancin su gwauraye ne masu tsufa ba tare da ilimi ba. Ba wai kawai waɗannan mata suna zaune a ƙarƙashin yanayin jiki mai rauni a cikin delta ba saboda sauyin yanayi amma kuma sun kasance masu rauni a zamantakewa da tattalin arziki fiye da gidajen maza.<ref name=":9"/> == Rashin jituwa game da jinsi da canjin yanayi == Akwai jigogi guda biyu da ke fitowa yayin nazarin canjin yanayi da jinsi: "Mata kamar yadda suke da rauni ko masu kirki dangane da muhalli. " <ref name=":10"/> Wannan yana nufin cewa mata da ke zaune a ƙasashe a Kudancin duniya sun fi dacewa da tasirin canjin yanayi fiye da maza a waɗancan ƙasashe kuma maza a Arewacin duniya sun iya ba da gudummawa ga canjin yanayi karịa mata. Wadannan zato game da raunin mata da kyawawan halaye suna ƙarfafa nuna bambanci na arewa maso kudu na duniya, wanda shine cewa mata a Kudancin duniya matalauta ne kuma ba su da taimako kuma mata a Arewacin duniya suna da ilimi sosai kuma masu kare muhalli. Labarin "mata a matsayin masu kirki" ya tsara mata a matsayin mahimman direbobi wajen gina daidaito da amsoshi masu ɗorewa ga canjin yanayi. Rahoton UNFPA Yanayin Jama'ar Duniya na 2009 - Ganin Duniya Mai Canji: Mata, Jama'a da Yanayi sun gano mata a matsayin muhimman 'yan wasa wajen tattara mutane game da canjin yanayi. Musamman, Carolyn Sachs ta tattauna gwagwarmayar da mata ke fuskanta a duniya game da abubuwan muhalli kamar shirye-shiryen jinsi a ci gaban noma.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sachs |first=Carolyn |last2=Alston |first2=Margaret |year=2010 |title=Global Shifts, Sedimentations, and Imaginaries: An Introduction to the Special Issue on Women and Agriculture |url=https://doi.org/10.1086/605618 |url-status=live |journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society |language=en |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=277–287 |doi=10.1086/605618 |s2cid=144095064 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109210202/https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/605618 |archive-date=9 November 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26}}</ref> Sau da yawa mata suna fuskantar zalunci daga takwarorinsu na kamfanoni a matsayin abin da ya fi mayar da hankali ga matsalar mata. Ana amfani da aikin mata a matsayin hanyar da za ta hana su yin yaƙi da baya, a lokacin canjin tsakiyar shekara suna fuskantar gwagwarmaya mai yawa na matsanancin canjin yanayi da wadatar albarkatun kasa. == Manazarta ==   [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] omvfrzki9rvbstf69fvdfjzc66xyzk1 0 107485 974718 853939 2026-11-01T12:03:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''William Ernest McKibben''' (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Disamba, 1960) ɗan asalin Amurka ne, marubuci, kuma ɗan jarida wanda ya rubuta da yawa game da tasirin [[Canjin yanayi|dumamar yanayi]]. Shi ne Schumann Distinguished Scholar a Kwalejin Middlebury kuma shugaban ƙungiyar kamfen ɗin yanayi 350.org .<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 9, 2010 |title=Author and environmentalist Bill McKibben appointed Schumann Distinguished Scholar at Middlebury College &#124; Middlebury |url=http://www.middlebury.edu/newsroom/node/269059 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614045657/http://www.middlebury.edu/newsroom/node/269059 |archive-date=June 14, 2011 |access-date=2011-05-09 |publisher=Middlebury.edu}}</ref> Ya wallafa littattafai da yawa game da muhalli, ciki har da na farko, The End of Nature (1989), game da [[Canjin yanayi]], da Falter: Has the Human Game Begun to Play Itself Out? (2019), game da yanayin kalubalen muhalli da ke fuskantar bil'adama da kuma abubuwan da za su faru a nan gaba. A shekara ta 2009, ya jagoranci kungiyar 350.org ta zanga-zangar 5,200 a lokaci guda a kasashe 181. A cikin 2010, McKibben da 350.org sun ɗauki 10/10/10 Global Work Party, wanda ya tara abubuwan da suka faru sama da 7,000 a kasashe 188, kamar yadda ya fada babban taro a Kwalejin Warren Wilson jim kadan kafin taron. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2010, 350.org ta tsara aikin zane-zane na duniya, tare da yawancin ayyukan 20 da ake gani daga tauraron dan adam. A cikin 2011 da 2012 ya jagoranci kamfen ɗin muhalli game da aikin bututun mai na Keystone XL kuma ya kwashe kwanaki uku a kurkuku a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]]. Makonni biyu bayan haka an shigar da shi cikin sashin wallafe-wallafen Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka. An ba shi lambar yabo ta Gandhi Peace a shekarar 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 18, 2013 |title=Bill McKibben 2013 Gandhi Peace Award Laureate |url=http://www.pepeace.org/2013gpa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927052127/http://www.pepeace.org/2013gpa |archive-date=September 27, 2013 |publisher=Promoting Enduring Peace. pepeace.org}}</ref> Mujallar Foreign Policy ta sanya shi a cikin jerin sunayen farko na manyan masu tunani na duniya 100 a cikin 2009 kuma MSN ta sanya shi daya daga cikin mutane goma sha biyu da suka fi tasiri a cikin 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MSN Lifestyle's Most Influential Men of 2009 |url=http://lifestyle.msn.com/your-life/bigger-picture/staticslideshow.aspx?cp-documentid=22815182 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091216210547/http://lifestyle.msn.com/your-life/bigger-picture/staticslideshow.aspx?cp-documentid=22815182 |archive-date=December 16, 2009 |access-date=2011-05-09 |publisher=MSN}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, The Boston Globe ya kira shi "watakila babban mai kula da muhalli na kasar" kuma mai nazarin littafin mujallar Time Bryan Walsh ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mafi kyawun ɗan jarida mai kore a duniya". A shekara ta 2014, an ba shi lambar yabo ta Right Livelihood Award don "tabbatar da karuwar goyon baya a Amurka da kuma duniya baki daya don aiki mai karfi don magance barazanar canjin yanayi na duniya". An ambaci shi a matsayin mai yiwuwa Sakataren Cikin Gida ko Sakataren Makamashi na gaba idan aka zabi Shugaban kasa mai ci gaba. <ref name="rla">{{Cite web |title=Bill McKibben / 350.org (USA) |url=http://rightlivelihood.org/mckibben.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007094643/http://www.rightlivelihood.org/mckibben.html |archive-date=October 7, 2014 |access-date=2014-12-03 |website=Right Livelihood}}</ref><ref name="currentaffairs.org">{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Aidan |date=10 April 2019 |title=What Would A Left Cabinet Look Like? |url=https://www.currentaffairs.org/news/2019/04/what-would-a-left-cabinet-look-like |access-date=24 March 2020 |website=Current Affairs}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Bill McKibben a Palo Alto, California . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bill McKibben |url=http://library.thinkquest.org/26026/People/bill_mckibben.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050404072223/http://library.thinkquest.org/26026/People/bill_mckibben.html |archive-date=April 4, 2005 |access-date=December 31, 2017 |publisher=Library.thinkquest.org}}</ref> Daga baya iyalinsa suka koma yankin Boston na Lexington, Massachusetts, inda ya halarci makarantar sakandare.{{Sfn|Nisbet|2013}} Mahaifinsa, wanda sau ɗaya, a cikin 1971, an kama shi yayin zanga-zangar goyon bayan tsoffin sojan Vietnam da ke adawa da yakin, ya rubuta wa Business Week, kafin ya zama editan kasuwanci a The Boston Globe, a cikin 1980.{{Sfn|Nisbet|2013}} A matsayinta na dalibi a makarantar sakandare, McKibben ya rubuta wa jaridar gida kuma ya shiga gasar muhawara ta jihar.{{Sfn|Nisbet|2013}} Ya shiga Kwalejin Harvard a 1978, ya zama editan The ''Harvard Crimson'' kuma an zabe shi shugaban jaridar a shekara ta 1981. A shekara ta 1980, bayan zaben [[Ronald Reagan]], ya yanke shawarar sadaukar da rayuwarsa ga yanayin muhalli.{{Sfn|Nisbet|2013}} Ya kammala karatu a shekarar 1982, ya yi aiki na shekaru biyar ga The New Yorker a matsayin marubucin ma'aikata, yana rubuta yawancin shafi na Talk of the Town daga 1982 zuwa farkon 1987. Linjilar Matiyu ce ta yi wahayi zuwa gare shi, ya zama mai ba da shawara game da juriya ba tare da tashin hankali ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 2, 2016 |title=Time We Started Counting! |url=https://highprofiles.info/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/McKibben-interview.pdf |access-date=September 11, 2022 |website=High Profiles}}</ref> Yayinda yake yin labari game da marasa gida, ya zauna a kan tituna; a can, ya sadu da matarsa, Sue Halpern, wacce ke aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga marasa gida. A shekara ta 1987, McKibben ya bar The New Yorker bayan an tilasta editan William Shawn daga aikinsa.{{Sfn|Nisbet|2013}} Shi da iyalinsa jim kadan bayan sun koma wani wuri mai nisa a kudu maso gabashin Adirondacks na arewacin New York, inda ya fara aiki a matsayin marubuci mai zaman kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Terrie |first=Philip |date=May 2008 |title=The Bill McKibben Reader |url=https://www.adirondackexplorer.org/book_reviews/the-bill-mckibben-reader |access-date=February 6, 2017 |publisher=Adirondack Explorer}}</ref> == Rubuce-rubuce == McKibben ya fara aikin rubuce-rubuce na kansa a kusan lokaci guda da canjin yanayi ya bayyana a kan ajanda na jama'a bayan bazara mai zafi da gobara na 1988 da kuma shaidar da James Hansen ya yi a gaban Kwamitin Majalisar Dattijai na Amurka kan Makamashi da albarkatun Halitta a watan Yunin wannan shekarar. Gudummawarsa ta farko ga muhawara ita ce taƙaitaccen jerin wallafe-wallafen kan batun da sharhi da aka buga a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1988 a cikin The New York Review of Books da tambaya, "Shin Duniya tana Getting Hotter?" {{Sfn|Nisbet|2013}} Ya zama kuma ya kasance mai ba da gudummawa akai-akai ga wallafe-wallafe daban-daban, gami da The New York Times, The Atlantic, ''Harper's'', ''Orion'', Mother Jones, The American Prospect, The New York Review of Books, ''Granta'', National Geographic, Rolling Stone, Adbusters, da Outside. Ya kuma kasance memba na kwamitin kuma mai ba da gudummawa ga ''Grist'' . Littafinsa na farko, The End of Nature, an buga shi a cikin 1989 ta Random House bayan an tsara shi a cikin The New Yorker . Ray Murphy na ''Boston Globe'' ya bayyana shi a matsayin "mai adalci," littafin ya ba da labari mai yawa, pro da con; ga mutane da yawa shine gabatarwa ta farko ga batun canjin yanayi; da kuma wahayi don rubuce-rubuce da bugawa da yawa daga wasu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nisbet |first=Matthew C. |date=March 2013 |title=Nature's Prophet: Bill McKibben as Journalist, Public Intellectual and Activist |url=https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/D-78-Nisbet1.pdf |access-date=March 8, 2013 |website=Discussion Paper Series #D-78 |publisher=Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy, School of Communication and the Center for Social Media, American University |pages=30–33}}</ref> An buga shi a cikin harsuna sama da 20. An fitar da bugu da yawa a Amurka, gami da sabuntawa da aka buga a shekara ta 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The End of Nature |url=https://books.google.bj/books?id=q0aM5t5GMpsC&hl=en&lr=&num=20 |access-date=May 1, 2025 |publisher=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> A cikin 1992, an buga The Age of Missing Information . Labari ne na gwaji wanda McKibben ya tattara duk abin da ya zo a fadin tashoshin 100 na talabijin na kebul a kan tsarin Fairfax, Virginia (a lokacin daga cikin mafi girma a kasar) na rana ɗaya. Ya shafe shekara guda yana kallon sa'o'i 2,400 na shirye-shirye, sannan ya kwatanta shi da rana da ya yi a saman dutsen kusa da gidansa. An yi amfani da wannan littafin sosai a kwalejoji da makarantun sakandare kuma an sake buga shi a cikin sabon bugu a shekara ta 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 1, 1992 |title=The Age of Missing Information |url=https://www.ew.com/article/1992/05/01/age-missing-information |access-date=April 27, 2016 |website=Entertainment. ew.com |archive-date=November 19, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119180736/https://www.ew.com/article/1992/05/01/age-missing-information |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huth |first=Tom |date=May 3, 1992 |title=Being There: ''The Age of Missing Information'', by Bill McKibben |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-05-03-bk-2023-story.html |access-date=April 27, 2016 |website=Los Angeles Times. latimes.com}}</ref> [[Fayil:Bill_McKibben_(24541793126).jpg|thumb|McKibben yana magana a wani taron yakin neman zabe na Bernie Sanders a Jami'ar Kudancin New Hampshire a watan Janairun 2016]] Littattafan da suka biyo baya sun haɗa da Hope, Human and Wild, game da [[Curitiba|Curitiba, Brazil]], da [[Kerala|Kerala, Indiya]], wanda ya ambaci a matsayin misalai na mutanen da ke rayuwa da sauƙi a duniya; The Comforting Whirlwind: Allah, Ayuba, da Scale of Creation, wanda ke game da Littafin Ayuba da muhalli; ''Wataƙila Ɗaya'', game da yawan mutane; Tsawon Tsakanin: Shekara na Rayuwa da Ƙarfi, game da shekara guda da horo don abubuwan da suka faru a matakin ƙwarewa; da ''Ya isa'', game da abin da yake gani a matsayin haɗarin da ke cikin injiniyan halitta da nanotechnology. Da yake magana game da Long Distance a Cambridge Forum, McKibben ya ambaci aikin Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi da ra'ayin Csikszentemihalyi na "ruwa" dangi ga yadda McKibben yake da shi - "sake hutu daga ceton duniya", ya yi ba'a - yayin da ya nutse kansa a gasar tseren kankara. Wandering Home game da tafiya mai tsawo ne daga gidansa a cikin duwatsu a gabashin Tafkin Champlain a Ripton, Vermont, ya koma unguwarsa ta dogon lokaci a Adirondacks. Littafinsa mai suna Deep Economy: the Wealth of Communities and the Durable Future, wanda aka buga a watan Maris na shekara ta 2007, ya kasance mafi kyawun littafi na kasa. Yana magance abin da ya gani a matsayin gazawar tattalin arzikin ci gaba kuma yana tunanin sauyawa zuwa kamfanoni na gida. A cikin kaka na shekara ta 2007, ya buga, tare da membobin ƙungiyarsa ta Step It Up, Fight Global Warming Now, littafin hannu ga masu gwagwarmaya da ke ƙoƙarin tsara al'ummominsu. A shekara ta 2008, ya zo The Bill McKibben Reader: Pieces from an Active Life, tarin rubutun da suka shafi aikinsa. Har ila yau, a cikin 2008, ya shirya wa Library of America tarihin, American Earth: Environmental Writing Since Thoreau . A shekara ta 2010, ya wallafa wani littafi mafi kyawun ƙasa, Eaarth: Yin Rayuwa a kan Tough New Planet, wani asusun da ya fara saurin canjin yanayi. An cire shi a cikin Scientific American . A cikin 2019, McKibben ya buga Falter: Shin Wasan Mutum ya fara wasa da kansa? , wanda ke ba da cikakken bayani game da karuwar damuwa game da [[Canjin yanayi]], yadda Koch Brothers ke ba da gudummawa ga karuwar hayakin carbon ta hanyar tallafawa Kamfanonin mai, da kuma damuwarsa game da 'yanci, wanda ya yi jayayya cewa siyasa ta Juyin Juya Halin Reagan ta haifar da shi. Sau da yawa yana jayayya cewa tsarin Nordic ya fi dacewa da tsarin jari-hujja, kuma cewa saurin kirkire-kirkire na iya cutar da bil'adama. A cikin 2022, ya wallafa littattafai biyu. We Are Better Together littafi ne na hoto ga yara da ke murna da ikon hadin kan mutane da kyawawan rayuwa a Duniya, wanda mai zane Stevie Lewis ya kwatanta. The Flag, the Cross, and the Station Wagon: A Graying American Looks Back at His Suburban Boyhood and Wonders What the Hell Happened wani abin tunawa ne na mutum wanda kuma ya tono cikin tarihin Amurka don yin tunani game da abin da ya kawo mu ga rikicin muhalli na yanzu. Wasu daga cikin ayyukan McKibben sun shahara sosai; <ref name="RS71912" /> wani labarin a cikin Rolling Stone a watan Yulin 2012 ya sami fiye da 125,000 likes a Facebook, 14,000 tweets, da kuma 5,000 comments.{{Sfn|Nisbet|2013}}{{Sfn|Nisbet|2013}} McKibben shi ne editan baƙo na fitowar 2024 na The Best American Science and Nature Writing anthology . == Kamfen na muhalli == [[Fayil:Bill_McKibben_at_RIT-3.jpg|thumb|McKibben yana magana a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Rochester, Nuwamba 6, 2008]] === Ɗauki Shiga === Step It Up 2007 ya kasance kamfen ne na muhalli na kasa, wanda McKibben ya shirya, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Goodman |first=Amy |date=October 23, 2007 |title=Environmental Journalist Bill McKibben on the Links Between Global Warming & the California Wildfires |url=https://www.democracynow.org/2007/10/23/environmental_journalist_bill_mckibben_on_the |website=[[Democracy Now!]]}}</ref> don neman mataki kan dumamar duniya ta Majalisar Dattijai ta Amurka. A ƙarshen lokacin rani na shekara ta 2006 ya taimaka wajen jagorantar tafiya ta kwana biyar a fadin Vermont don yin kira ga aiki kan dumamar duniya. Da farko a watan Janairun 2007, ya kafa Step It Up 2007, wanda ya shirya tarurruka a daruruwan birane da garuruwan Amurka a ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 2007, don neman Majalisa ta kafa takunkumi kan hayakin hayaki da kashi 80 cikin dari nan da shekara ta 2050.<ref>{{Cite web |last=González |first=Juan |last2=Goodman |first2=Amy |date=April 13, 2007 |title=Step It Up: Thousands Gather This Weekend for Largest-Ever Rally Against Global Warming |url=https://www.democracynow.org/2007/4/13/step_it_up_thousands_gather_this |website=[[Democracy Now!]]}}</ref> Yaƙin neman zaɓe nan da nan ya sami goyon baya mai yawa daga ƙungiyoyin muhalli, ɗalibai, da addinai iri-iri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grohsgal |first=Dov Weinryb |date=June 23, 2021 |title=Interview with Bill McKibben |url=https://obamaoralhistory.columbia.edu/interviews/bill-mckibben?time=727 |publisher=Obama Presidency Oral History}}</ref> A watan Agustan 2007, McKibben ya sanar da Mataki It Up 2, wanda zai faru a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2007. Baya ga taken 80% zuwa 2050 daga kamfen na farko, na biyu ya kara da "10% [ragewar hayaki] a cikin shekaru uku ("Hit the Ground Running"), dakatarwar sabbin tashoshin wutar lantarki, da Green Jobs Corps don taimakawa gyara gidaje da kasuwanni don a iya cimma waɗannan manufofi" (wanda ake kira "Green Jobs Now, and No New Coal"). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Step It Up: Index |url=https://www.stepitup2007.org/#letter |website=www.stepitup2007.org |access-date=2025-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250802085754/https://www.stepitup2007.org/#letter |archive-date=2025-08-02 |url-status=dead}}</ref> === 350.org === Bayan nasarorin da Step It Up ya samu, wannan ƙungiyar ta sanar da sabon kamfen a watan Maris na shekara ta ₂ da ake kira 350.org. Ƙoƙarin shirya, wanda aka yi niyya ga dukan duniya, ya samo sunansa daga jayayya ta masanin kimiyyar yanayi 2" href="./James_E._Hansen" id="mwAWo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="James E. Hansen">James E. Hansen a farkon wannan hunturu cewa duk wani taro na yanayi na [[carbon dioxide]] (CO2) sama da kashi 350 a kowace miliyan ba shi da aminci. "Idan bil'adama suna so su adana duniyar da ta yi kama da wacce wayewa ta bunkasa kuma wacce rayuwa a Duniya ta dace da ita, shaidar paleoclimate da canjin yanayi na ci gaba sun nuna cewa CO2 zai buƙaci a rage shi daga 385 ppm na yanzu zuwa a kalla 350 ppm, amma mai yiwuwa ƙasa da hakan. " Hansen et al. sun bayyana a cikin Abstract zuwa takarda. 350.org, wanda ke da ofisoshi da masu shirya taron a Arewacin Amurka, Turai, Asiya, Afirka da Kudancin Amurka, sun yi ƙoƙari su yada wannan adadin 350 kafin taron yanayi na duniya a watan Disamba na 2009 a [[Kwapanhagan|Copenhagen]]. An rufe shi sosai a cikin kafofin watsa labarai. A ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 2009, ta tsara zanga-zangar sama da 5,200 a kasashe 181, kuma an yaba da ita sosai saboda amfani da kayan aikin intanet, tare da shafin yanar gizon Critical Mass yana bayyana cewa "ɗaya daga cikin misalai mafi karfi na inganta kafofin sada zumunta da duniya ta taba gani". Mujallar Foreign Policy ta kira shi "mafi girman taron da aka tsara a duniya na kowane nau'i". <ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-10-30 |title=350.org &#124; experience matters |url=http://experiencematters.criticalmass.com/tag/350-org/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110423111501/http://experiencematters.criticalmass.com/tag/350-org/ |archive-date=April 23, 2011 |access-date=2011-05-09 |publisher=Experiencematters.criticalmass.com}}</ref> Daga baya, kungiyar ta ci gaba da aikinta, tare da Jam'iyyar Ayyuka ta Duniya a ranar 10/10/10 (10 ga Oktoba 2010). Ya zuwa 2022, McKibben babban mai ba da shawara ne ga 350.0rg kuma May Boeve shine babban darakta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet the 350.org Team |url=https://350.org/team/ |website=350}}</ref> === Maɓallin XL === McKibben na ɗaya daga cikin masu kula da muhalli da ke adawa da shirin Kanada-U. S. Keystone XL pipeline project. === Tafiya ta Yanayi na Jama'a === [[Fayil:South_Bend_Voice_-_2014_People's_Climate_March_crowd_with_banner.jpg|thumb|Yanayin Jama'a Maris 2014]] A ranar 21 ga Mayu, 2014, McKibben ya buga wata kasida a shafin yanar gizon mujallar Rolling Stone (daga baya ya bayyana a cikin mujallar ta buga ta Yuni 5), mai taken "A Call to Arms", wanda ya gayyaci masu karatu zuwa babban tafiyar yanayi (daga baya aka kira People's Climate March) a Birnin New York a karshen mako na Satumba 20-21, a matsayin wani ɓangare na People's Weather Movement. [bayanin 1] A cikin labarin, McKibben ya kira canjin yanayi "babban rikicin da wayewarmu ta taɓa fuskanta", kuma ya yi hasashen cewa tafiyar za ta zama "babban zanga-zangar da ta kasance ta ƙudurin ɗan adam a fuskar canjin yanayi".<ref name="McKibben" /> A ranar Lahadi, 5 ga Yuli, 2015, McKibben ya jagoranci irin wannan tafiya ta yanayi a Toronto, Ontario, tare da goyon bayan shahararrun mutane daban-daban. === Mataki na Uku === A watan Satumbar 2021, McKibben ya ƙaddamar da Dokar ta Uku, rukuni da kamfen don masu gwagwarmayar canjin yanayi masu shekaru 60 ko sama da haka, suna fatan yin amfani da lokacin 'yanci na yawan jama'a da kuma tara dukiya don matsin siyasa a kan gwamnati.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cotton |first=Emma |date=2021-09-02 |title=Bill McKibben launches 'Third Act' to rally older Americans around climate change |url=http://vtdigger.org/2021/09/02/bill-mckibben-launches-third-act-to-rally-older-americans-around-climate-change/ |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=VTDigger |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Avenue |first=Next |date=2021-11-05 |title=How Environmentalist Bill McKibben Is Leading The 'Third Act' Climate Change Movement |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/nextavenue/2021/11/05/how-environmentalist-bill-mckibben-is-leading-the-third-act-climate-change-movement/ |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> Magoya bayan kamar Bernie Sanders da Jane Fonda sun inganta aikin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Corbett |first=Jessica |date=2021-09-02 |title=Older Adults in Their 'Third Act' Launch New Effort to Save the Planet |url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/2021/09/02/older-adults-their-third-act-launch-new-effort-save-planet |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=www.commondreams.org |language=en}}</ref> === Siyasa ta zabe === A lokacin yakin neman zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat na 2016, McKibben ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin siyasa na Sanata Bernie Sanders na Vermont. Sanders ya nada shi a kwamitin da ake tuhuma da rubuta dandalin Jam'iyyar Democrat na shekara ta 2016. Bayan da [[Hillary Clinton]] ta ci Sanders, McKibben ta goyi bayanta kuma ta yi magana a taron hadin gwiwa na farko a Portsmouth, New Hampshire . An ambaci shi a matsayin mai yuwuwar memba na majalisar ministoci na gaba idan Sanders ya lashe shugabancin.<ref name="currentaffairs.org"/> === Kalmomin da ke tattare da shi === A cikin 2020, McKibben ya gabatar da babban jawabi a 2020 Vision: Finding Hope in Climate Action . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-09 |title=Climate justice activist to keynote CEBE convergence |url=https://www.sunjournal.com/2021/03/09/climate-justice-activist-to-keynote-cebe-convergence/ |access-date=2021-03-09 |website=Lewiston Sun Journal}}</ref> A cikin 2016, McKibben ya rubuta a cikin The New York Times cewa yana "a karkashin sa ido" ta hanyar "masu bin dama" waɗanda ke ɗaukar hoto, bi, da kuma tambaya game da shi da danginsa don neman lokuta na munafuncin muhalli. "Ana kallon ni", in ji shi. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, ya rubuta a cikin Times cewa yana karɓar Barazanar mutuwa tun daga shekarun 1990. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019, tare da wasu manyan al'adu 42, McKibben ya sanya hannu kan wata wasika da ke goyon bayan Jam'iyyar Labour ta Burtaniya a karkashin jagorancin Jeremy Corbyn a Babban zaben 2019. Wasikar ta bayyana cewa "Manufar zaben ma'aikata a karkashin jagorancin Jeremy Corbyn tana ba da shirin canji wanda ke ba da fifiko ga bukatun mutane da duniya akan ribar masu zaman kansu da kuma bukatun 'yan kaɗan". == Rayuwa ta mutum == McKibben yana zaune a Ripton, Vermont, tare da matarsa, marubuciya Sue Halpern . An haifi ɗansu guda ɗaya, Sophie, a 1993 a Glens Falls, New York. Shi masanin kimiyya ne na Schumann a Kwalejin Middlebury, inda kuma yake jagorantar Middlebury Fellowships a Jaridar Muhalli.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 8, 2010 |title=Author and environmentalist Bill McKibben appointed Schumann Distinguished Scholar at Middlebury College |url=http://www.middlebury.edu/newsroom/node/269059 |website=middlebury.edu}}</ref> McKibben kuma ɗan'uwa ne a Cibiyar Post Carbon . Ya kasance Methodist na dogon lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Q&A:Bill McKibben, UM writer/activist |url=http://www.umportal.org/article.asp?id=8583 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314111230/http://www.umportal.org/article.asp?id=8583 |archive-date=14 March 2012 |access-date=December 24, 2015 |publisher=United Methodist Portal}}</ref> Tun daga shekara ta 2013, an jera McKibben a cikin Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Cibiyar Ilimi ta Kimiyya ta Kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Advisory Council |url=https://ncse.com/about/advisory-council |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810112828/https://ncse.com/about/advisory-council |archive-date=2013-08-10 |access-date=2018-10-30 |website=ncse.com |publisher=[[National Center for Science Education]]}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == * McKibben an ba shi kyautar Guggenheim Fellowship (1993) da Lyndhurst Fellowsship . * Ya lashe lambar yabo ta Lannan Literary Award don rubuce-rubuce a shekarar 2000. * A cikin 2010, mujallar Utne Reader ta lissafa McKibben a matsayin daya daga cikin "25 Visionaries Who Are Changing Your World".<ref name="utne">{{Cite web |date=October 13, 2010 |title=Bill McKibben: Voice of Reason, Man of Action |url=http://www.utne.com/Politics/Utne-Reader-Visionaries-Bill-McKibben-350-Org.aspx |access-date=October 19, 2010 |publisher=[[Utne Reader]]}}</ref> * Yana da digiri na girmamawa daga Kwalejin Whittier (2010), Kwalejin Marlboro, Jami'ar Colgate, Jami'an Jihar New York, Kwalejin Sterling, Kwaleji ta Green Mountain, Kwalejin Unity, da Kwalejin Lebanon Valley.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Honorary Degrees {{!}} Whittier College |url=https://www.whittier.edu/alumni/poetnation/honorary |access-date=2019-12-06 |website=www.whittier.edu}}</ref> * Ya lashe kyautar Puffin / Nation don Creative Citizenship a shekara ta 2010, saboda aikinsa tare da 350.org * McKibben ita ce mai karɓar girmamawa mafi girma na Sierra Club a cikin 2011, lambar yabo ta John Muir . <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 28, 2015 |title=Volunteer Award Winners |url=http://www.sierraclub.org/awards/winners |access-date=February 6, 2017 |publisher=Sierra Club}}</ref> * A shekara ta 2012, ya lashe kyautar Sam Rose da Julie Walters don Gwagwarmayar Muhalli ta Duniya a Kwalejin Dickinson; karɓar kyautar, ya gaya wa ɗaliban Dickinson masu digiri cewa, ban da kasancewa babbar matsala a rayuwarsu, canjin yanayi na duniya shine babbar ƙalubale da ta taɓa fuskantar al'ummar ɗan adam. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Getty |first=Matt |title=The Sam Rose '58 and Julie Walters Prize at Dickinson College for Global Environmental Activism |url=https://www.dickinson.edu/homepage/749/the_sam_rose_58_and_julie_walters_prize_at_dickinson_college_for_global_environmental_activism |website=www.dickinson.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pohlman |first=Pat |title=350.org Founder Bill McKibben Accepts Inaugural Environmental Prize |url=https://www.dickinson.edu/news/article/409/350_org_founder_bill_mckibben_accepts_inaugural_environmental_prize |website=www.dickinson.edu}}</ref> * A shekara ta 2013, ya lashe Kyautar Sophie Prize ta duniya da ci gaba. * McKibben da 350.org an ba su lambar yabo ta Right Livelihood Award a cikin 2014 don tattara karuwar goyon baya a Amurka da kuma duniya baki daya don aiki mai karfi don magance barazanar canjin yanayi na duniya. "<ref name="rla"/> * A cikin 2018, an ba McKibben lambar yabo ta John Steinbeck a Jami'ar Jihar San Jose. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bill McKIbben |url=http://www.steinbeckaward.com/awardees/bill-mckibben |access-date=2023-09-14 |website=The John Steinbeck Award |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.newyorker.com/contributors/bill-mckibben Labaran Bill McKibben] a The New YorkerJaridar New Yorker * {{IMDb name|2647339}} * Appearancesa kanC-SPAN * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101125123847/http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/climate-change/stories/eaarth-making-a-life-on-a-tough-new-planet Binciken 'Duniya: Yin Rayuwa a kan Sabon Duniyar'] Mayu 25, 2010 Cibiyar Halitta ta UwarCibiyar Yanayi ta Uwa * [https://science.time.com/2012/03/05/keystone-how-bill-mckibben-turned-a-pipeline-into-an-environmental-rallying-point/ Keystone: Yadda Bill McKibben ya juya bututun mai zuwa wani wuri na muhalli] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250617232311/https://science.time.com/2012/03/05/keystone-how-bill-mckibben-turned-a-pipeline-into-an-environmental-rallying-point/ |date=2025-06-17 }} Maris 5, 2012 * Yakin Bill McKibben da ke adawa da bututun mai na Keystone XL Fabrairu 28, 2013 BusinessWeekKasuwanciWeek * [https://thesingularityfilm.com/ "The Singularity", fim din da ke nuna McKibben] * "Focus; The End of Nature", Nuwamba 29, 1989, WILL Illinois Public Media, American Archive of Public Broadcasting (GBH da Library of Congress), Boston, MA da Washington, DC [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qdt45fvzla5infa5vobicsvqohrr2js 0 108432 974825 722955 2026-11-01T15:54:22Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Polar_bear_Flocke_Aquapark_Tiergarten_Nuremberg_DE_2008-04-09_cropped.jpg|thumb|Flocke a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2008, washegari bayan fitowarta ta farko a bainar jama'a]] '''Flocke''' ( ) wata mace ce da aka haife ta a kurkuku a gidan zoo na Nuremberg a [[Nuremberg]], Jamus a ranar 11 ga Disamban shekarar 2007. Bayan 'yan makonni bayan haihuwarta, an cire ta daga kulawar mahaifiyarta bayan an nuna damuwa game da lafiyarta. Duk da cewa gidan namun daji ya kafa wata ƙa'ida mai tsauri ta rashin tsoma baki tare da dabbobinta, jami'ai sun zaɓi renon 'yar da hannu. Wannan shawarar ta zo ne a daidai lokacin da gidajen namun dajin ke samun mummunar kulawa daga kafafen yada labarai bayan da aka ruwaito wata mata ta ci ‘ya’yanta da aka haifa. Kamar Knut, ɗan ɗamarar ɗabi'a da aka ɗaure da hannu a gidan Zoo na Berlin, Flocke ("flake" a cikin Jamusanci) da sauri ya zama abin mamaki na kafofin watsa labarai. Bayan ta fara fitowa ga jama'a a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2008, gidan namun daji ya yiwa sunanta alamar kasuwanci kuma hotonta ya bayyana akan kayan wasan yara da tallace-tallace a cikin birni. Gidan namun daji ya sanar a watan Mayun 2008 cewa shugaban Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Achim Steiner zai zama majibincin Flocke tare da fatan yin amfani da beyar a matsayin jakada don karfafa wayar da kan jama'a game da [[Canjin yanayi|sauyin yanayi]] . A ƙarshen shekara ta 2008, an gabatar da wani beyar namiji ɗan asalin ƙasar Rasha mai suna Rasputin a cikin shingen Flocke a cikin bege cewa za ta sami ƙwarewar zamantakewa mai mahimmanci tare da memba na nau'in nata. A watan Afrilun 2010, an ƙaura da beyar biyu zuwa Marineland a kudancin Faransa. A cikin 2021 ta koma Yorkshire Wildlife Park . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Captive polar bears: Flocke |url=http://www.bearconservation.org.uk/captive-polar-bears-flocke/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521074624/http://www.bearconservation.org.uk/captive-polar-bears-flocke/ |archive-date=21 May 2024 |access-date=30 September 2023 |website=Bear Conservation Trust}}</ref> == Yaro da rigima == [[Fayil:Polar_bears_Felix_and_Vera_Aquapark_Tiergarten_Nuremberg_DE_2008-02-20.jpg|left|thumb|Iyayen Flocke Felix da Vera]] An haifi Flocke a Zoo na Nuremberg a kan 11 Disamba 2007 zuwa Vera (an haife shi 2002 a Moscow) da Felix (an haife shi 2001 a [[Vienna]] ). <ref name="parents2">{{Cite web |title=Polar Bear Flocke: The Parents |url=http://www.nuernberg.de/internet/polarbear/parents.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121209020006/http://www.nuernberg.de/internet/polarbear/parents.html |archive-date=9 December 2012 |access-date=30 April 2008 |publisher=Nuremberg Online}}</ref> Felix kuma ya yi aure tare da 'yar'uwar Vera Vilma, wadda ta haifi 'yan makonni a farkon watan Nuwamba ga abin da jami'ai suka yi tunanin 'ya'ya biyu ne. Masu kula da namun daji, da ke aiwatar da tsauraran manufofin rashin tsangwama, ba su iya tantance ainihin ’ya’yan nawa aka haifa ba. Gidan namun daji ya bayar da rahoton cewa ba ya son ƙirƙirar [[Media circus|wasan kwaikwayo na kafofin watsa labaru]] irin wanda ya kewaye [[Knut (polar bear)|Knut]], wani beyar maraya mara kyau a [[Berlin Zoo|gidan Zoo na Berlin]] wanda ya zama mashahurin duniya a shekarar da ta gabata. Kwanaki bayan gidan namun daji ya sake tabbatar da manufofinsa na rashin tsangwama, yawan jama'a a kullum ''[[Bild]]'' ya ba da labari tare da kanun labarai yana karanta "Me ya sa Wani Ba Zai Ajiye Knuts Baby Knuts a Nuremberg Zoo?" A farkon watan Janairu, masu kula da zoo sun lura cewa Vilma ya bayyana a cikin tsoro; A razane ta gan ta tana tafe a akwatinta, babu sauran alamun 'ya'yan nata. An yi imani cewa ta cinye su. Da aka tambaye shi dalili, darektan gidan zoo na Nuremberg Dag Encke ya ce za su iya yin rashin lafiya, yanayin da berayen da ke cikin daji sukan cinye 'ya'yansu. Gidan namun daji da sauri ya fuskanci kakkausar suka a cikin Jamus da kuma daga kafofin watsa labarai na duniya saboda bayyanar da ba da izinin mutuwar 'ya'yan. Daraktan kungiyar kare hakkin dabbobi ta Jamus ya ce gidan namun dajin ya yi abin da bai dace ba, kuma "hakin da'a ne ya rataya a wuyan gudanarwa na bai wa 'ya'yan polar bear damar rayuwa. Yin amfani da hujjar 'Wannan Halin' a matsayin uzuri na shiga tsakani a makare abu ne mai ban tsoro kuma bai dace ba." Maziyartan da suka fusata sun taru a gaban katangar igiyar ruwa kuma suka yi ihu "Rabenmutter" (a zahiri, "mahaifiyar hankaka", ma'ana "muguwar uwa") duk lokacin da Vilma ta bayyana. A halin yanzu, an ga Vera ta fito daga kogon ta a karon farko; 'Ya'yanta guda ɗaya, ba ta da ƙarfi a cikin makonni huɗu kacal, da alama tana cikin koshin lafiya. Kwanaki biyu bayan da kafofin watsa labaru suka mayar da martani da suka biyo bayan bacewar ’ya’yan Vilma, Vera ta fara nuna bakon ɗabi’a kamar ɗaukar ’ya’yanta da ba a bayyana sunanta ba a kewayen shingen tare da jefa shi akai-akai akan benen dutsen. Damuwa da lafiyar yaran, gidan Zoo na Nuremberg ya yanke shawarar cire ta daga kulawar mahaifiyarta tare da rene ta da hannu. == Suna == [[Fayil:Media_circus_Polar_bear_Flocke_Aquapark_Tiergarten_Nuremberg_DE_2008-04-09.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Masu rahoto da baƙi suna kallon wasan Flocke a cikin kewayenta.]] Kasa da mako guda bayan an cire ’ya’yan Vera daga shingen beyar polar, gidan namun daji ya sadaukar da gidan yanar gizo ga yaran. Ya ba da sabuntawa akai-akai game da lafiyarta da ci gabanta, da kuma hotuna da bidiyo na keɓancewa. Gidan yanar gizon ya kuma nuna gasar da magoya baya za su iya kada kuri'a don sunan 'yar. An sanar da sunan hukuma a ranar 18 ga Janairu 2008 ta Ulrich Maly, magajin garin Nuremberg, kuma ana watsa shi kai tsaye a talabijin. Duk da ɗimbin shawarwarin da aka aika ta imel daga ko'ina cikin duniya (ciki har da "Stella", "Knutschi", "Sissi" da "Yuki Chan" ), gidan namun daji a hukumance ya ba ta suna Flocke, Jamusanci don "flake", kamar yadda yake cikin "flake dusar ƙanƙara". "Flocke", wanda kafafen yada labarai ke amfani da shi a baya ga sunanta a hukumance, shine laƙabin da masu kula da namun daji suka ba ta asali saboda farar gashinta. Kafofin watsa labarai sun ba da rahoton girman Flocke a hankali a cikin 'yan watannin ta na farko. Masu kula da namun daji guda hudu sun yi bi-bi-bi-bi-bi-bi-ba-daba-bamai suna ciyar da jaririyar da madarar wucin gadi mililita 140 a duk bayan sa'o'i hudu kuma labarin bude idonta a karon farko ya bazu kanun labarai kwanaki kadan kafin a bayyana sunan ta a hukumance. A cikin makonni biyar da haihuwa, littafin ''Bild'' ya kira ta a matsayin "Mrs. Knut", yana nuna cewa berayen polar biyu na Jamus na iya zama ma'aurata idan sun girma. Yayin da take girma, abincin Flocke ya wadatar da abincin kare, kuma ana kawo mata dafaffen ƙasusuwa don ta ci lokacin tana da shekara uku. Ba da da ewa ba aka kai ta wurin tafkin namun daji domin yin aikin ninkaya. <ref name="star" /> Gidan namun daji a baya sun bayyana cewa suna neman wani marayu mara iyaka ko kuma ruwan beyar da za su yi kiwo tare da Flocke don inganta ci gabanta. A ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2008, Flocke ta yi fitowar ta ta farko a bainar jama'a a cikin shingen beyar iyakacin duniya wanda ya taɓa zama gida ga Vilma; An mai da balagaggen dolar Amirka zuwa wani gidan namun daji. Yaron mai watanni hudu ya samu tarba daga 'yan jarida sama da 160 da ma'aikatan daukar hoto na kasa da kasa rabin dozin a ranar farko. A cikin makon farko, an nuna Flocke na ɗan gajeren lokaci tare da hutu a tsakar rana. Da yake tsammanin kololuwar baƙi 20,000, gidan zoo ya gina dandalin kallo, wanda zai iya ɗaukar mutane 500 a lokaci ɗaya, a gaban shingen, amma halartar masu kula da gidan zoo ya fara ƙasa da yadda ake tsammani. Gidan namun daji yana amfani da tsarin watsa bidiyo da rikodin rikodi daga Bosch Security Systems don watsa hotuna masu ingancin TV na kub zuwa nau'in {{Convert|46|in|mm}} manyan-tsara fuska. An aiwatar da wannan tsarin, wanda ya haɗa da allo ɗaya a wajen shingen, don taimakawa gidan namun daji biyan buƙatun maziyartan da ke son hango Flocke. <ref name="bosch">{{Cite web |title=Baby polar bear "Flocke" at Nuremberg Zoo now admired on big screen around the clock |url=http://www.boschsecurity.com.au/content/language1/html/2374_ENU_XHTML.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719053448/http://www.boschsecurity.com.au/content/language1/html/2374_ENU_XHTML.asp |archive-date=19 July 2008 |access-date=11 June 2008 |publisher=Bosch Security Official Website}}</ref> Sai dai jim kadan bayan fitowarta ta farko, Flocke ya zama abin da aka fi mayar da hankali kan cece-kuce lokacin da fitaccen mai kula da dabbobi Jürgen Ortmüller, shugaban kungiyar Whale da Dolphin Protection Forum, ya dauki wani lauya ya hana Nuremberg Zoo na cin gajiyar ’ya’yan beyar. Da'awar cewa bayyanar Flocke a bainar jama'a zai haifar da illa mai lalacewa kuma gidan zoo yana da damuwa kawai game da samun kuɗi, Ortmüller ya ɗauki babban lauya [[Rolf Bossi]] don ƙalubalanci su a kotu. == Kasuwanci da alamar alama == Ba da daɗewa ba bayan an kubutar da Flocke a watan Janairu, birnin ya sami haƙƙin yin alama ga sunanta. Daga baya gidan zoo ya fito da tambarin hukuma. <ref name="logo">{{Cite web |title=Das offizielle Logo "Eisbär-Flocke" |url=http://www.nuernberg.de/internet/eisbaer/logo.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513232915/http://www.nuernberg.de/internet/eisbaer/logo.html |archive-date=13 May 2008 |access-date=11 June 2008 |publisher=Nuremberg Online |language=de}}</ref> Flocke ta zama wani ɓangare na babban kamfen ɗin yaɗa jama'a a Nuremberg lokacin da aka nuna ta tare da kalmar "Knut war gestern" (Knut shine beyar jiya) akan fastoci na yankin birni. An nuna waɗannan fastoci a tashoshi na bas da na jirgin ƙasa da yawa a duk faɗin birnin. An yi wa lakabi da "Zazzabin Flocke" ta 'yan jarida (mai kama da "Knutmania" na shekarar da ta gabata), shaharar 'ya'yan itace ya karu a farkon 2008. An yi amfani da hotonta don wasanni, litattafai, kayan wasa masu laushi, DVDs, katunan wasiƙa da sauran abubuwa. <ref name="shop">{{Cite web |title=Zoo Shop Now Open |url=http://www.nuernberg.de/internet/polarbear/aktuell_16886.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121208161011/http://www.nuernberg.de/internet/polarbear/aktuell_16886.html |archive-date=8 December 2012 |access-date=6 May 2008 |publisher=Nuremberg Online}}</ref> Samfurin farko da aka saki, wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Flocke wanda aka saki a watan Fabrairu, Kamfanin Fuerth na Noris-Spiele ne ya yi, ƙungiyar Georg Reulein GmbH & Co. KG. Shahararren kamfanin wasan wasa Steiff ya fara siyar da nau'ikan dabbobin Flocke da aka cusa a watan Mayu mai zuwa. Kudin shiga daga kayan ciniki a halin yanzu yana tafiya zuwa gidan zoo da shirye-shiryen tsira na nau'in. <ref name="shop" /> == Daga baya talla == A cikin watan Afrilun 2008, gidan namun daji ya rage mu'amalar ɗan adam da 'ya'yan, yana fatan cewa wata rana za ta iya zama tare da membobin jinsinta kuma ba ta dogara ga ɗan adam ba. Kasancewa mai 'yanci daga masu tsaronta, an ba da rahoton Flocke sau da yawa tana wasa cikin farin ciki da kanta. <ref name="dummy" /> An ba ta wata robobi mai suna “dummy” mai kama da zoben haƙoran yaro, wanda aka ɗaure a sandunan da ke cikin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙofarta don tsotsa yayin da take hutawa. Wannan shayarwa ta sa hancin yaron ya zama lanƙwasa; bakinta ya zauna a wannan siffa na wani lokaci kafin ta dawo normal. [[Fayil:Flocke(Ursus_maritimus)3.jpg|thumb|Flocke a cikin katangarta a cikin Oktoba 2008]] A lokacin da take da shekaru wata shida, an ba da rahoton cewa Flocke, wacce a lokacin abincinta ya kunshi mafi yawa kilogiram na naman sa, kayan lambu iri-iri da kuma litar madarar kwikwiyo a rana, tana da nauyin ci gabanta mai {{Convert|45|kg|lb}} ku. Likitan gidan namun daji, Bernhard Neurohr, shima yayi tsokaci akan hakorin beyar, yana mai cewa "Flocke yana matukar sha'awar inabi, kankana, 'ya'yan kiwi da pears", tare da tsananin son ayaba. Shugaban Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya Achim Steiner ya zama majiɓincin Flocke a watan Mayun 2008. Ta hanyar ɗaukar wannan rawar, Steiner ya yarda da ƙoƙarin Nuremberg Zoo game da kare yanayin gida, yana mai cewa "Na yi farin ciki da an nemi in zama ' ubangida' ga Nuremberg's polar bear cub Flocke. A cikin Yuni 2008, an sanar da sabon kamfen ɗin fosta mai nuna Flocke; Manufarta ita ce karfafa wayar da kan jama'a game da iyawar daidaikun mutane na kare yanayin duniya. Gidan Zoo na Nuremberg ne ya dauki nauyinsa tare da yankin Nuremberg Metropolitan Region, hoton ya nuna Flocke da kalmar "Klimaschutz beginnt vor Ort" ("Kariyar Yanayi yana farawa daga Gida"). Gidan namun daji ya kuma buga kasida mai girman aljihu da ke nuna Flocke. Mai taken "Ƙananan Jagora ga Kariyar Yanayi", ta koya wa baƙi yadda za su rage hayakin [[carbon dioxide]] . <ref name="athome" /> Gidan Zoo na Nuremberg ya sanar a watan Satumba cewa ya kai maziyarta miliyan daya don 2008-watanni biyu a baya fiye da bara. Kodayake tallace-tallacen tikiti na shekara ya karu saboda shaharar Flocke, lambobin ba su dace da babban tsammanin ba. A wannan watan ne aka sanar da cewa kub, yanzu nauyin {{Convert|60|kg|lb}}, ba za ta ƙara samun hutun abincin rana ba a bargarta, kuma za ta kasance a cikin shingen cikin yini. A ƙarshen Nuwamba 2008, mahaifiyar Flocke Vera ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu, waɗanda mahaifin Flocke, Felix ya haifa. Ko da yake Vera ta iya kula da sabbin ’ya’yan ba tare da taimako daga masu kula da namun daji ba, da farko Darakta Dag Encke ya bayyana cewa yaran na da kashi 50 cikin 100 na damar tsira. Makonni uku bayan an ba da rahoton haihuwar su, 'ya'yan biyu sun mutu saboda dalilai na halitta a cikin mako guda da juna. Encke ya bayyana baƙin cikinsa bayan mutuwar ɗan yaro na biyu, yana mai cewa "Vera tana shayar da ita akai-akai, kuma dabbar dabbar takan yi barci da kyau bayan haka, don haka da alama ta tabbata cewa ta sami isasshen madara. Dalilin da ya sa yaron ya ɓace da sauri ba a sani ba." An sake ƙaura wani ɗan beyar namiji mai suna Rasputin daga Moscow zuwa gidan Zoo na Nuremberg a watan Disamba 2008 don abin da ake tunanin zai zama tsawaita zamansa kafin ya koma Zoo Aquarium de Madrid . Asalin asali yana nufin zama a Jamus na shekara guda kawai, beyar namiji - wanda ake kira "Raspi" ta magoya baya - ya raba shingen Flocke. Gidan namun daji ya yi fatan Rasputin, wanda ba kamar Flocke da mahaifiyarsa ta girma ba, zai koya wa ƙwararrun ƙwararrunsu yadda za su yi hulɗa da nata jinsi. A cewar wata sanarwa da birnin ya bayar, bears "suna tafiya cikin shahara". A kan 21 Oktoba 2009, birnin Nuremberg ya sanar da cewa Flocke da Rasputin za su matsa tare zuwa wani sabon ginin da aka gina a Marineland, dake Antibes, Faransa, a farkon 2010. Saboda kusancin dangantaka tsakanin matasa biyu bear bears, jami'ai daga Turai Conservation Breeding Program "Europtuns Program" ko "Europünts". yanke shawarar cewa beyoyin biyu su kasance tare duk da shirye-shiryen farko na Rasputin ya koma Madrid shi kadai. Iyayen Flocke, Vera da Felix za su yi amfani da shingen da suke barin a Nuremberg, da fatan za su samar da ƙarin ƴaƴan. Duk da ƙoƙari na minti na karshe na ƙungiyar PETA na dabba don dakatar da motsi bisa la'akari da damuwa ga lafiyar Flocke da Rasputin, bears biyu sun isa Faransa lafiya a kan 22 Afrilu 2010. Flocke ta haifi 'ya'ya mai suna Hope a cikin 2014. A cikin 2019 tana da 'yan uku, zuriyarta na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2020 |title=Three Baby Polar Bears are Born in Marineland Park on the Côte d'Azur |url=https://chb44.com/2020/01/three-baby-polar-bears-born-marineland-park-cote-dazur/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104140824/https://chb44.com/2020/01/three-baby-polar-bears-born-marineland-park-cote-dazur/ |archive-date=4 January 2024 |access-date=30 September 2023 |website=chb44.com - Life in France}}</ref> Flocke yana zaune a Jimmy's Farm and Wildlife Park a Ipswich kamar na 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |title=MEET FLOCKE AND TALA |url=https://jimmysfarm.com/flocke-tala/ |access-date=6 July 2025 |website=Jimmy's Farm and Wildlife Park}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Binky (beyar polar)|Binky (Polar bear)]] * Knut (Polar bear) * Wilbär * Jerin beyoyin guda ɗaya == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kcycyu7zr3jo08ctmb4sju2ibd6w2c4 974826 974825 2026-11-01T15:54:41Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Polar_bear_Flocke_Aquapark_Tiergarten_Nuremberg_DE_2008-04-09_cropped.jpg|thumb|Flocke a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2008, washegari bayan fitowarta ta farko a bainar jama'a]] '''Flocke''' ( ) wata mace ce da aka haife ta a kurkuku a gidan zoo na Nuremberg a [[Nuremberg]], Jamus a ranar 11 ga Disamban shekarar 2007. Bayan 'yan makonni bayan haihuwarta, an cire ta daga kulawar mahaifiyarta bayan an nuna damuwa game da lafiyarta. Duk da cewa gidan namun daji ya kafa wata ƙa'ida mai tsauri ta rashin tsoma baki tare da dabbobinta, jami'ai sun zaɓi renon 'yar da hannu. Wannan shawarar ta zo ne a daidai lokacin da gidajen namun dajin ke samun mummunar kulawa daga kafafen yada labarai bayan da aka ruwaito wata mata ta ci ‘ya’yanta da aka haifa. Kamar Knut, ɗan ɗamarar ɗabi'a da aka ɗaure da hannu a gidan Zoo na Berlin, Flocke ("flake" a cikin Jamusanci) da sauri ya zama abin mamaki na kafofin watsa labarai. Bayan ta fara fitowa ga jama'a a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2008, gidan namun daji ya yiwa sunanta alamar kasuwanci kuma hotonta ya bayyana akan kayan wasan yara da tallace-tallace a cikin birni. Gidan namun daji ya sanar a watan Mayun 2008 cewa shugaban Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Achim Steiner zai zama majibincin Flocke tare da fatan yin amfani da beyar a matsayin jakada don karfafa wayar da kan jama'a game da [[Canjin yanayi|sauyin yanayi]] . A ƙarshen shekara ta 2008, an gabatar da wani beyar namiji ɗan asalin ƙasar Rasha mai suna Rasputin a cikin shingen Flocke a cikin bege cewa za ta sami ƙwarewar zamantakewa mai mahimmanci tare da memba na nau'in nata. A watan Afrilun shekarar 2010, an ƙaura da beyar biyu zuwa Marineland a kudancin Faransa. A cikin 2021 ta koma Yorkshire Wildlife Park . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Captive polar bears: Flocke |url=http://www.bearconservation.org.uk/captive-polar-bears-flocke/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521074624/http://www.bearconservation.org.uk/captive-polar-bears-flocke/ |archive-date=21 May 2024 |access-date=30 September 2023 |website=Bear Conservation Trust}}</ref> == Yaro da rigima == [[Fayil:Polar_bears_Felix_and_Vera_Aquapark_Tiergarten_Nuremberg_DE_2008-02-20.jpg|left|thumb|Iyayen Flocke Felix da Vera]] An haifi Flocke a Zoo na Nuremberg a kan 11 Disamba 2007 zuwa Vera (an haife shi 2002 a Moscow) da Felix (an haife shi 2001 a [[Vienna]] ). <ref name="parents2">{{Cite web |title=Polar Bear Flocke: The Parents |url=http://www.nuernberg.de/internet/polarbear/parents.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121209020006/http://www.nuernberg.de/internet/polarbear/parents.html |archive-date=9 December 2012 |access-date=30 April 2008 |publisher=Nuremberg Online}}</ref> Felix kuma ya yi aure tare da 'yar'uwar Vera Vilma, wadda ta haifi 'yan makonni a farkon watan Nuwamba ga abin da jami'ai suka yi tunanin 'ya'ya biyu ne. Masu kula da namun daji, da ke aiwatar da tsauraran manufofin rashin tsangwama, ba su iya tantance ainihin ’ya’yan nawa aka haifa ba. Gidan namun daji ya bayar da rahoton cewa ba ya son ƙirƙirar [[Media circus|wasan kwaikwayo na kafofin watsa labaru]] irin wanda ya kewaye [[Knut (polar bear)|Knut]], wani beyar maraya mara kyau a [[Berlin Zoo|gidan Zoo na Berlin]] wanda ya zama mashahurin duniya a shekarar da ta gabata. Kwanaki bayan gidan namun daji ya sake tabbatar da manufofinsa na rashin tsangwama, yawan jama'a a kullum ''[[Bild]]'' ya ba da labari tare da kanun labarai yana karanta "Me ya sa Wani Ba Zai Ajiye Knuts Baby Knuts a Nuremberg Zoo?" A farkon watan Janairu, masu kula da zoo sun lura cewa Vilma ya bayyana a cikin tsoro; A razane ta gan ta tana tafe a akwatinta, babu sauran alamun 'ya'yan nata. An yi imani cewa ta cinye su. Da aka tambaye shi dalili, darektan gidan zoo na Nuremberg Dag Encke ya ce za su iya yin rashin lafiya, yanayin da berayen da ke cikin daji sukan cinye 'ya'yansu. Gidan namun daji da sauri ya fuskanci kakkausar suka a cikin Jamus da kuma daga kafofin watsa labarai na duniya saboda bayyanar da ba da izinin mutuwar 'ya'yan. Daraktan kungiyar kare hakkin dabbobi ta Jamus ya ce gidan namun dajin ya yi abin da bai dace ba, kuma "hakin da'a ne ya rataya a wuyan gudanarwa na bai wa 'ya'yan polar bear damar rayuwa. Yin amfani da hujjar 'Wannan Halin' a matsayin uzuri na shiga tsakani a makare abu ne mai ban tsoro kuma bai dace ba." Maziyartan da suka fusata sun taru a gaban katangar igiyar ruwa kuma suka yi ihu "Rabenmutter" (a zahiri, "mahaifiyar hankaka", ma'ana "muguwar uwa") duk lokacin da Vilma ta bayyana. A halin yanzu, an ga Vera ta fito daga kogon ta a karon farko; 'Ya'yanta guda ɗaya, ba ta da ƙarfi a cikin makonni huɗu kacal, da alama tana cikin koshin lafiya. Kwanaki biyu bayan da kafofin watsa labaru suka mayar da martani da suka biyo bayan bacewar ’ya’yan Vilma, Vera ta fara nuna bakon ɗabi’a kamar ɗaukar ’ya’yanta da ba a bayyana sunanta ba a kewayen shingen tare da jefa shi akai-akai akan benen dutsen. Damuwa da lafiyar yaran, gidan Zoo na Nuremberg ya yanke shawarar cire ta daga kulawar mahaifiyarta tare da rene ta da hannu. == Suna == [[Fayil:Media_circus_Polar_bear_Flocke_Aquapark_Tiergarten_Nuremberg_DE_2008-04-09.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Masu rahoto da baƙi suna kallon wasan Flocke a cikin kewayenta.]] Kasa da mako guda bayan an cire ’ya’yan Vera daga shingen beyar polar, gidan namun daji ya sadaukar da gidan yanar gizo ga yaran. Ya ba da sabuntawa akai-akai game da lafiyarta da ci gabanta, da kuma hotuna da bidiyo na keɓancewa. Gidan yanar gizon ya kuma nuna gasar da magoya baya za su iya kada kuri'a don sunan 'yar. An sanar da sunan hukuma a ranar 18 ga Janairu 2008 ta Ulrich Maly, magajin garin Nuremberg, kuma ana watsa shi kai tsaye a talabijin. Duk da ɗimbin shawarwarin da aka aika ta imel daga ko'ina cikin duniya (ciki har da "Stella", "Knutschi", "Sissi" da "Yuki Chan" ), gidan namun daji a hukumance ya ba ta suna Flocke, Jamusanci don "flake", kamar yadda yake cikin "flake dusar ƙanƙara". "Flocke", wanda kafafen yada labarai ke amfani da shi a baya ga sunanta a hukumance, shine laƙabin da masu kula da namun daji suka ba ta asali saboda farar gashinta. Kafofin watsa labarai sun ba da rahoton girman Flocke a hankali a cikin 'yan watannin ta na farko. Masu kula da namun daji guda hudu sun yi bi-bi-bi-bi-bi-bi-ba-daba-bamai suna ciyar da jaririyar da madarar wucin gadi mililita 140 a duk bayan sa'o'i hudu kuma labarin bude idonta a karon farko ya bazu kanun labarai kwanaki kadan kafin a bayyana sunan ta a hukumance. A cikin makonni biyar da haihuwa, littafin ''Bild'' ya kira ta a matsayin "Mrs. Knut", yana nuna cewa berayen polar biyu na Jamus na iya zama ma'aurata idan sun girma. Yayin da take girma, abincin Flocke ya wadatar da abincin kare, kuma ana kawo mata dafaffen ƙasusuwa don ta ci lokacin tana da shekara uku. Ba da da ewa ba aka kai ta wurin tafkin namun daji domin yin aikin ninkaya. <ref name="star" /> Gidan namun daji a baya sun bayyana cewa suna neman wani marayu mara iyaka ko kuma ruwan beyar da za su yi kiwo tare da Flocke don inganta ci gabanta. A ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2008, Flocke ta yi fitowar ta ta farko a bainar jama'a a cikin shingen beyar iyakacin duniya wanda ya taɓa zama gida ga Vilma; An mai da balagaggen dolar Amirka zuwa wani gidan namun daji. Yaron mai watanni hudu ya samu tarba daga 'yan jarida sama da 160 da ma'aikatan daukar hoto na kasa da kasa rabin dozin a ranar farko. A cikin makon farko, an nuna Flocke na ɗan gajeren lokaci tare da hutu a tsakar rana. Da yake tsammanin kololuwar baƙi 20,000, gidan zoo ya gina dandalin kallo, wanda zai iya ɗaukar mutane 500 a lokaci ɗaya, a gaban shingen, amma halartar masu kula da gidan zoo ya fara ƙasa da yadda ake tsammani. Gidan namun daji yana amfani da tsarin watsa bidiyo da rikodin rikodi daga Bosch Security Systems don watsa hotuna masu ingancin TV na kub zuwa nau'in {{Convert|46|in|mm}} manyan-tsara fuska. An aiwatar da wannan tsarin, wanda ya haɗa da allo ɗaya a wajen shingen, don taimakawa gidan namun daji biyan buƙatun maziyartan da ke son hango Flocke. <ref name="bosch">{{Cite web |title=Baby polar bear "Flocke" at Nuremberg Zoo now admired on big screen around the clock |url=http://www.boschsecurity.com.au/content/language1/html/2374_ENU_XHTML.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719053448/http://www.boschsecurity.com.au/content/language1/html/2374_ENU_XHTML.asp |archive-date=19 July 2008 |access-date=11 June 2008 |publisher=Bosch Security Official Website}}</ref> Sai dai jim kadan bayan fitowarta ta farko, Flocke ya zama abin da aka fi mayar da hankali kan cece-kuce lokacin da fitaccen mai kula da dabbobi Jürgen Ortmüller, shugaban kungiyar Whale da Dolphin Protection Forum, ya dauki wani lauya ya hana Nuremberg Zoo na cin gajiyar ’ya’yan beyar. Da'awar cewa bayyanar Flocke a bainar jama'a zai haifar da illa mai lalacewa kuma gidan zoo yana da damuwa kawai game da samun kuɗi, Ortmüller ya ɗauki babban lauya [[Rolf Bossi]] don ƙalubalanci su a kotu. == Kasuwanci da alamar alama == Ba da daɗewa ba bayan an kubutar da Flocke a watan Janairu, birnin ya sami haƙƙin yin alama ga sunanta. Daga baya gidan zoo ya fito da tambarin hukuma. <ref name="logo">{{Cite web |title=Das offizielle Logo "Eisbär-Flocke" |url=http://www.nuernberg.de/internet/eisbaer/logo.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513232915/http://www.nuernberg.de/internet/eisbaer/logo.html |archive-date=13 May 2008 |access-date=11 June 2008 |publisher=Nuremberg Online |language=de}}</ref> Flocke ta zama wani ɓangare na babban kamfen ɗin yaɗa jama'a a Nuremberg lokacin da aka nuna ta tare da kalmar "Knut war gestern" (Knut shine beyar jiya) akan fastoci na yankin birni. An nuna waɗannan fastoci a tashoshi na bas da na jirgin ƙasa da yawa a duk faɗin birnin. An yi wa lakabi da "Zazzabin Flocke" ta 'yan jarida (mai kama da "Knutmania" na shekarar da ta gabata), shaharar 'ya'yan itace ya karu a farkon 2008. An yi amfani da hotonta don wasanni, litattafai, kayan wasa masu laushi, DVDs, katunan wasiƙa da sauran abubuwa. <ref name="shop">{{Cite web |title=Zoo Shop Now Open |url=http://www.nuernberg.de/internet/polarbear/aktuell_16886.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121208161011/http://www.nuernberg.de/internet/polarbear/aktuell_16886.html |archive-date=8 December 2012 |access-date=6 May 2008 |publisher=Nuremberg Online}}</ref> Samfurin farko da aka saki, wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Flocke wanda aka saki a watan Fabrairu, Kamfanin Fuerth na Noris-Spiele ne ya yi, ƙungiyar Georg Reulein GmbH & Co. KG. Shahararren kamfanin wasan wasa Steiff ya fara siyar da nau'ikan dabbobin Flocke da aka cusa a watan Mayu mai zuwa. Kudin shiga daga kayan ciniki a halin yanzu yana tafiya zuwa gidan zoo da shirye-shiryen tsira na nau'in. <ref name="shop" /> == Daga baya talla == A cikin watan Afrilun 2008, gidan namun daji ya rage mu'amalar ɗan adam da 'ya'yan, yana fatan cewa wata rana za ta iya zama tare da membobin jinsinta kuma ba ta dogara ga ɗan adam ba. Kasancewa mai 'yanci daga masu tsaronta, an ba da rahoton Flocke sau da yawa tana wasa cikin farin ciki da kanta. <ref name="dummy" /> An ba ta wata robobi mai suna “dummy” mai kama da zoben haƙoran yaro, wanda aka ɗaure a sandunan da ke cikin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙofarta don tsotsa yayin da take hutawa. Wannan shayarwa ta sa hancin yaron ya zama lanƙwasa; bakinta ya zauna a wannan siffa na wani lokaci kafin ta dawo normal. [[Fayil:Flocke(Ursus_maritimus)3.jpg|thumb|Flocke a cikin katangarta a cikin Oktoba 2008]] A lokacin da take da shekaru wata shida, an ba da rahoton cewa Flocke, wacce a lokacin abincinta ya kunshi mafi yawa kilogiram na naman sa, kayan lambu iri-iri da kuma litar madarar kwikwiyo a rana, tana da nauyin ci gabanta mai {{Convert|45|kg|lb}} ku. Likitan gidan namun daji, Bernhard Neurohr, shima yayi tsokaci akan hakorin beyar, yana mai cewa "Flocke yana matukar sha'awar inabi, kankana, 'ya'yan kiwi da pears", tare da tsananin son ayaba. Shugaban Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya Achim Steiner ya zama majiɓincin Flocke a watan Mayun 2008. Ta hanyar ɗaukar wannan rawar, Steiner ya yarda da ƙoƙarin Nuremberg Zoo game da kare yanayin gida, yana mai cewa "Na yi farin ciki da an nemi in zama ' ubangida' ga Nuremberg's polar bear cub Flocke. A cikin Yuni 2008, an sanar da sabon kamfen ɗin fosta mai nuna Flocke; Manufarta ita ce karfafa wayar da kan jama'a game da iyawar daidaikun mutane na kare yanayin duniya. Gidan Zoo na Nuremberg ne ya dauki nauyinsa tare da yankin Nuremberg Metropolitan Region, hoton ya nuna Flocke da kalmar "Klimaschutz beginnt vor Ort" ("Kariyar Yanayi yana farawa daga Gida"). Gidan namun daji ya kuma buga kasida mai girman aljihu da ke nuna Flocke. Mai taken "Ƙananan Jagora ga Kariyar Yanayi", ta koya wa baƙi yadda za su rage hayakin [[carbon dioxide]] . <ref name="athome" /> Gidan Zoo na Nuremberg ya sanar a watan Satumba cewa ya kai maziyarta miliyan daya don 2008-watanni biyu a baya fiye da bara. Kodayake tallace-tallacen tikiti na shekara ya karu saboda shaharar Flocke, lambobin ba su dace da babban tsammanin ba. A wannan watan ne aka sanar da cewa kub, yanzu nauyin {{Convert|60|kg|lb}}, ba za ta ƙara samun hutun abincin rana ba a bargarta, kuma za ta kasance a cikin shingen cikin yini. A ƙarshen Nuwamba 2008, mahaifiyar Flocke Vera ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu, waɗanda mahaifin Flocke, Felix ya haifa. Ko da yake Vera ta iya kula da sabbin ’ya’yan ba tare da taimako daga masu kula da namun daji ba, da farko Darakta Dag Encke ya bayyana cewa yaran na da kashi 50 cikin 100 na damar tsira. Makonni uku bayan an ba da rahoton haihuwar su, 'ya'yan biyu sun mutu saboda dalilai na halitta a cikin mako guda da juna. Encke ya bayyana baƙin cikinsa bayan mutuwar ɗan yaro na biyu, yana mai cewa "Vera tana shayar da ita akai-akai, kuma dabbar dabbar takan yi barci da kyau bayan haka, don haka da alama ta tabbata cewa ta sami isasshen madara. Dalilin da ya sa yaron ya ɓace da sauri ba a sani ba." An sake ƙaura wani ɗan beyar namiji mai suna Rasputin daga Moscow zuwa gidan Zoo na Nuremberg a watan Disamba 2008 don abin da ake tunanin zai zama tsawaita zamansa kafin ya koma Zoo Aquarium de Madrid . Asalin asali yana nufin zama a Jamus na shekara guda kawai, beyar namiji - wanda ake kira "Raspi" ta magoya baya - ya raba shingen Flocke. Gidan namun daji ya yi fatan Rasputin, wanda ba kamar Flocke da mahaifiyarsa ta girma ba, zai koya wa ƙwararrun ƙwararrunsu yadda za su yi hulɗa da nata jinsi. A cewar wata sanarwa da birnin ya bayar, bears "suna tafiya cikin shahara". A kan 21 Oktoba 2009, birnin Nuremberg ya sanar da cewa Flocke da Rasputin za su matsa tare zuwa wani sabon ginin da aka gina a Marineland, dake Antibes, Faransa, a farkon 2010. Saboda kusancin dangantaka tsakanin matasa biyu bear bears, jami'ai daga Turai Conservation Breeding Program "Europtuns Program" ko "Europünts". yanke shawarar cewa beyoyin biyu su kasance tare duk da shirye-shiryen farko na Rasputin ya koma Madrid shi kadai. Iyayen Flocke, Vera da Felix za su yi amfani da shingen da suke barin a Nuremberg, da fatan za su samar da ƙarin ƴaƴan. Duk da ƙoƙari na minti na karshe na ƙungiyar PETA na dabba don dakatar da motsi bisa la'akari da damuwa ga lafiyar Flocke da Rasputin, bears biyu sun isa Faransa lafiya a kan 22 Afrilu 2010. Flocke ta haifi 'ya'ya mai suna Hope a cikin 2014. A cikin 2019 tana da 'yan uku, zuriyarta na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2020 |title=Three Baby Polar Bears are Born in Marineland Park on the Côte d'Azur |url=https://chb44.com/2020/01/three-baby-polar-bears-born-marineland-park-cote-dazur/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104140824/https://chb44.com/2020/01/three-baby-polar-bears-born-marineland-park-cote-dazur/ |archive-date=4 January 2024 |access-date=30 September 2023 |website=chb44.com - Life in France}}</ref> Flocke yana zaune a Jimmy's Farm and Wildlife Park a Ipswich kamar na 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |title=MEET FLOCKE AND TALA |url=https://jimmysfarm.com/flocke-tala/ |access-date=6 July 2025 |website=Jimmy's Farm and Wildlife Park}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Binky (beyar polar)|Binky (Polar bear)]] * Knut (Polar bear) * Wilbär * Jerin beyoyin guda ɗaya == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cn0d50nl5zlc7yc4e8nb5z9asnapumc 974827 974826 2026-11-01T15:54:53Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Polar_bear_Flocke_Aquapark_Tiergarten_Nuremberg_DE_2008-04-09_cropped.jpg|thumb|Flocke a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2008, washegari bayan fitowarta ta farko a bainar jama'a]] '''Flocke''' ( ) wata mace ce da aka haife ta a kurkuku a gidan zoo na Nuremberg a [[Nuremberg]], Jamus a ranar 11 ga Disamban shekarar 2007. Bayan 'yan makonni bayan haihuwarta, an cire ta daga kulawar mahaifiyarta bayan an nuna damuwa game da lafiyarta. Duk da cewa gidan namun daji ya kafa wata ƙa'ida mai tsauri ta rashin tsoma baki tare da dabbobinta, jami'ai sun zaɓi renon 'yar da hannu. Wannan shawarar ta zo ne a daidai lokacin da gidajen namun dajin ke samun mummunar kulawa daga kafafen yada labarai bayan da aka ruwaito wata mata ta ci ‘ya’yanta da aka haifa. Kamar Knut, ɗan ɗamarar ɗabi'a da aka ɗaure da hannu a gidan Zoo na Berlin, Flocke ("flake" a cikin Jamusanci) da sauri ya zama abin mamaki na kafofin watsa labarai. Bayan ta fara fitowa ga jama'a a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2008, gidan namun daji ya yiwa sunanta alamar kasuwanci kuma hotonta ya bayyana akan kayan wasan yara da tallace-tallace a cikin birni. Gidan namun daji ya sanar a watan Mayun 2008 cewa shugaban Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Achim Steiner zai zama majibincin Flocke tare da fatan yin amfani da beyar a matsayin jakada don karfafa wayar da kan jama'a game da [[Canjin yanayi|sauyin yanayi]] . A ƙarshen shekara ta 2008, an gabatar da wani beyar namiji ɗan asalin ƙasar Rasha mai suna Rasputin a cikin shingen Flocke a cikin bege cewa za ta sami ƙwarewar zamantakewa mai mahimmanci tare da memba na nau'in nata. A watan Afrilun shekarar 2010, an ƙaura da beyar biyu zuwa Marineland a kudancin Faransa. A cikin shekarar 2021 ta koma Yorkshire Wildlife Park . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Captive polar bears: Flocke |url=http://www.bearconservation.org.uk/captive-polar-bears-flocke/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521074624/http://www.bearconservation.org.uk/captive-polar-bears-flocke/ |archive-date=21 May 2024 |access-date=30 September 2023 |website=Bear Conservation Trust}}</ref> == Yaro da rigima == [[Fayil:Polar_bears_Felix_and_Vera_Aquapark_Tiergarten_Nuremberg_DE_2008-02-20.jpg|left|thumb|Iyayen Flocke Felix da Vera]] An haifi Flocke a Zoo na Nuremberg a kan 11 Disamba 2007 zuwa Vera (an haife shi 2002 a Moscow) da Felix (an haife shi 2001 a [[Vienna]] ). <ref name="parents2">{{Cite web |title=Polar Bear Flocke: The Parents |url=http://www.nuernberg.de/internet/polarbear/parents.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121209020006/http://www.nuernberg.de/internet/polarbear/parents.html |archive-date=9 December 2012 |access-date=30 April 2008 |publisher=Nuremberg Online}}</ref> Felix kuma ya yi aure tare da 'yar'uwar Vera Vilma, wadda ta haifi 'yan makonni a farkon watan Nuwamba ga abin da jami'ai suka yi tunanin 'ya'ya biyu ne. Masu kula da namun daji, da ke aiwatar da tsauraran manufofin rashin tsangwama, ba su iya tantance ainihin ’ya’yan nawa aka haifa ba. Gidan namun daji ya bayar da rahoton cewa ba ya son ƙirƙirar [[Media circus|wasan kwaikwayo na kafofin watsa labaru]] irin wanda ya kewaye [[Knut (polar bear)|Knut]], wani beyar maraya mara kyau a [[Berlin Zoo|gidan Zoo na Berlin]] wanda ya zama mashahurin duniya a shekarar da ta gabata. Kwanaki bayan gidan namun daji ya sake tabbatar da manufofinsa na rashin tsangwama, yawan jama'a a kullum ''[[Bild]]'' ya ba da labari tare da kanun labarai yana karanta "Me ya sa Wani Ba Zai Ajiye Knuts Baby Knuts a Nuremberg Zoo?" A farkon watan Janairu, masu kula da zoo sun lura cewa Vilma ya bayyana a cikin tsoro; A razane ta gan ta tana tafe a akwatinta, babu sauran alamun 'ya'yan nata. An yi imani cewa ta cinye su. Da aka tambaye shi dalili, darektan gidan zoo na Nuremberg Dag Encke ya ce za su iya yin rashin lafiya, yanayin da berayen da ke cikin daji sukan cinye 'ya'yansu. Gidan namun daji da sauri ya fuskanci kakkausar suka a cikin Jamus da kuma daga kafofin watsa labarai na duniya saboda bayyanar da ba da izinin mutuwar 'ya'yan. Daraktan kungiyar kare hakkin dabbobi ta Jamus ya ce gidan namun dajin ya yi abin da bai dace ba, kuma "hakin da'a ne ya rataya a wuyan gudanarwa na bai wa 'ya'yan polar bear damar rayuwa. Yin amfani da hujjar 'Wannan Halin' a matsayin uzuri na shiga tsakani a makare abu ne mai ban tsoro kuma bai dace ba." Maziyartan da suka fusata sun taru a gaban katangar igiyar ruwa kuma suka yi ihu "Rabenmutter" (a zahiri, "mahaifiyar hankaka", ma'ana "muguwar uwa") duk lokacin da Vilma ta bayyana. A halin yanzu, an ga Vera ta fito daga kogon ta a karon farko; 'Ya'yanta guda ɗaya, ba ta da ƙarfi a cikin makonni huɗu kacal, da alama tana cikin koshin lafiya. Kwanaki biyu bayan da kafofin watsa labaru suka mayar da martani da suka biyo bayan bacewar ’ya’yan Vilma, Vera ta fara nuna bakon ɗabi’a kamar ɗaukar ’ya’yanta da ba a bayyana sunanta ba a kewayen shingen tare da jefa shi akai-akai akan benen dutsen. Damuwa da lafiyar yaran, gidan Zoo na Nuremberg ya yanke shawarar cire ta daga kulawar mahaifiyarta tare da rene ta da hannu. == Suna == [[Fayil:Media_circus_Polar_bear_Flocke_Aquapark_Tiergarten_Nuremberg_DE_2008-04-09.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Masu rahoto da baƙi suna kallon wasan Flocke a cikin kewayenta.]] Kasa da mako guda bayan an cire ’ya’yan Vera daga shingen beyar polar, gidan namun daji ya sadaukar da gidan yanar gizo ga yaran. Ya ba da sabuntawa akai-akai game da lafiyarta da ci gabanta, da kuma hotuna da bidiyo na keɓancewa. Gidan yanar gizon ya kuma nuna gasar da magoya baya za su iya kada kuri'a don sunan 'yar. An sanar da sunan hukuma a ranar 18 ga Janairu 2008 ta Ulrich Maly, magajin garin Nuremberg, kuma ana watsa shi kai tsaye a talabijin. Duk da ɗimbin shawarwarin da aka aika ta imel daga ko'ina cikin duniya (ciki har da "Stella", "Knutschi", "Sissi" da "Yuki Chan" ), gidan namun daji a hukumance ya ba ta suna Flocke, Jamusanci don "flake", kamar yadda yake cikin "flake dusar ƙanƙara". "Flocke", wanda kafafen yada labarai ke amfani da shi a baya ga sunanta a hukumance, shine laƙabin da masu kula da namun daji suka ba ta asali saboda farar gashinta. Kafofin watsa labarai sun ba da rahoton girman Flocke a hankali a cikin 'yan watannin ta na farko. Masu kula da namun daji guda hudu sun yi bi-bi-bi-bi-bi-bi-ba-daba-bamai suna ciyar da jaririyar da madarar wucin gadi mililita 140 a duk bayan sa'o'i hudu kuma labarin bude idonta a karon farko ya bazu kanun labarai kwanaki kadan kafin a bayyana sunan ta a hukumance. A cikin makonni biyar da haihuwa, littafin ''Bild'' ya kira ta a matsayin "Mrs. Knut", yana nuna cewa berayen polar biyu na Jamus na iya zama ma'aurata idan sun girma. Yayin da take girma, abincin Flocke ya wadatar da abincin kare, kuma ana kawo mata dafaffen ƙasusuwa don ta ci lokacin tana da shekara uku. Ba da da ewa ba aka kai ta wurin tafkin namun daji domin yin aikin ninkaya. <ref name="star" /> Gidan namun daji a baya sun bayyana cewa suna neman wani marayu mara iyaka ko kuma ruwan beyar da za su yi kiwo tare da Flocke don inganta ci gabanta. A ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2008, Flocke ta yi fitowar ta ta farko a bainar jama'a a cikin shingen beyar iyakacin duniya wanda ya taɓa zama gida ga Vilma; An mai da balagaggen dolar Amirka zuwa wani gidan namun daji. Yaron mai watanni hudu ya samu tarba daga 'yan jarida sama da 160 da ma'aikatan daukar hoto na kasa da kasa rabin dozin a ranar farko. A cikin makon farko, an nuna Flocke na ɗan gajeren lokaci tare da hutu a tsakar rana. Da yake tsammanin kololuwar baƙi 20,000, gidan zoo ya gina dandalin kallo, wanda zai iya ɗaukar mutane 500 a lokaci ɗaya, a gaban shingen, amma halartar masu kula da gidan zoo ya fara ƙasa da yadda ake tsammani. Gidan namun daji yana amfani da tsarin watsa bidiyo da rikodin rikodi daga Bosch Security Systems don watsa hotuna masu ingancin TV na kub zuwa nau'in {{Convert|46|in|mm}} manyan-tsara fuska. An aiwatar da wannan tsarin, wanda ya haɗa da allo ɗaya a wajen shingen, don taimakawa gidan namun daji biyan buƙatun maziyartan da ke son hango Flocke. <ref name="bosch">{{Cite web |title=Baby polar bear "Flocke" at Nuremberg Zoo now admired on big screen around the clock |url=http://www.boschsecurity.com.au/content/language1/html/2374_ENU_XHTML.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719053448/http://www.boschsecurity.com.au/content/language1/html/2374_ENU_XHTML.asp |archive-date=19 July 2008 |access-date=11 June 2008 |publisher=Bosch Security Official Website}}</ref> Sai dai jim kadan bayan fitowarta ta farko, Flocke ya zama abin da aka fi mayar da hankali kan cece-kuce lokacin da fitaccen mai kula da dabbobi Jürgen Ortmüller, shugaban kungiyar Whale da Dolphin Protection Forum, ya dauki wani lauya ya hana Nuremberg Zoo na cin gajiyar ’ya’yan beyar. Da'awar cewa bayyanar Flocke a bainar jama'a zai haifar da illa mai lalacewa kuma gidan zoo yana da damuwa kawai game da samun kuɗi, Ortmüller ya ɗauki babban lauya [[Rolf Bossi]] don ƙalubalanci su a kotu. == Kasuwanci da alamar alama == Ba da daɗewa ba bayan an kubutar da Flocke a watan Janairu, birnin ya sami haƙƙin yin alama ga sunanta. Daga baya gidan zoo ya fito da tambarin hukuma. <ref name="logo">{{Cite web |title=Das offizielle Logo "Eisbär-Flocke" |url=http://www.nuernberg.de/internet/eisbaer/logo.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513232915/http://www.nuernberg.de/internet/eisbaer/logo.html |archive-date=13 May 2008 |access-date=11 June 2008 |publisher=Nuremberg Online |language=de}}</ref> Flocke ta zama wani ɓangare na babban kamfen ɗin yaɗa jama'a a Nuremberg lokacin da aka nuna ta tare da kalmar "Knut war gestern" (Knut shine beyar jiya) akan fastoci na yankin birni. An nuna waɗannan fastoci a tashoshi na bas da na jirgin ƙasa da yawa a duk faɗin birnin. An yi wa lakabi da "Zazzabin Flocke" ta 'yan jarida (mai kama da "Knutmania" na shekarar da ta gabata), shaharar 'ya'yan itace ya karu a farkon 2008. An yi amfani da hotonta don wasanni, litattafai, kayan wasa masu laushi, DVDs, katunan wasiƙa da sauran abubuwa. <ref name="shop">{{Cite web |title=Zoo Shop Now Open |url=http://www.nuernberg.de/internet/polarbear/aktuell_16886.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121208161011/http://www.nuernberg.de/internet/polarbear/aktuell_16886.html |archive-date=8 December 2012 |access-date=6 May 2008 |publisher=Nuremberg Online}}</ref> Samfurin farko da aka saki, wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Flocke wanda aka saki a watan Fabrairu, Kamfanin Fuerth na Noris-Spiele ne ya yi, ƙungiyar Georg Reulein GmbH & Co. KG. Shahararren kamfanin wasan wasa Steiff ya fara siyar da nau'ikan dabbobin Flocke da aka cusa a watan Mayu mai zuwa. Kudin shiga daga kayan ciniki a halin yanzu yana tafiya zuwa gidan zoo da shirye-shiryen tsira na nau'in. <ref name="shop" /> == Daga baya talla == A cikin watan Afrilun 2008, gidan namun daji ya rage mu'amalar ɗan adam da 'ya'yan, yana fatan cewa wata rana za ta iya zama tare da membobin jinsinta kuma ba ta dogara ga ɗan adam ba. Kasancewa mai 'yanci daga masu tsaronta, an ba da rahoton Flocke sau da yawa tana wasa cikin farin ciki da kanta. <ref name="dummy" /> An ba ta wata robobi mai suna “dummy” mai kama da zoben haƙoran yaro, wanda aka ɗaure a sandunan da ke cikin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙofarta don tsotsa yayin da take hutawa. Wannan shayarwa ta sa hancin yaron ya zama lanƙwasa; bakinta ya zauna a wannan siffa na wani lokaci kafin ta dawo normal. [[Fayil:Flocke(Ursus_maritimus)3.jpg|thumb|Flocke a cikin katangarta a cikin Oktoba 2008]] A lokacin da take da shekaru wata shida, an ba da rahoton cewa Flocke, wacce a lokacin abincinta ya kunshi mafi yawa kilogiram na naman sa, kayan lambu iri-iri da kuma litar madarar kwikwiyo a rana, tana da nauyin ci gabanta mai {{Convert|45|kg|lb}} ku. Likitan gidan namun daji, Bernhard Neurohr, shima yayi tsokaci akan hakorin beyar, yana mai cewa "Flocke yana matukar sha'awar inabi, kankana, 'ya'yan kiwi da pears", tare da tsananin son ayaba. Shugaban Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya Achim Steiner ya zama majiɓincin Flocke a watan Mayun 2008. Ta hanyar ɗaukar wannan rawar, Steiner ya yarda da ƙoƙarin Nuremberg Zoo game da kare yanayin gida, yana mai cewa "Na yi farin ciki da an nemi in zama ' ubangida' ga Nuremberg's polar bear cub Flocke. A cikin Yuni 2008, an sanar da sabon kamfen ɗin fosta mai nuna Flocke; Manufarta ita ce karfafa wayar da kan jama'a game da iyawar daidaikun mutane na kare yanayin duniya. Gidan Zoo na Nuremberg ne ya dauki nauyinsa tare da yankin Nuremberg Metropolitan Region, hoton ya nuna Flocke da kalmar "Klimaschutz beginnt vor Ort" ("Kariyar Yanayi yana farawa daga Gida"). Gidan namun daji ya kuma buga kasida mai girman aljihu da ke nuna Flocke. Mai taken "Ƙananan Jagora ga Kariyar Yanayi", ta koya wa baƙi yadda za su rage hayakin [[carbon dioxide]] . <ref name="athome" /> Gidan Zoo na Nuremberg ya sanar a watan Satumba cewa ya kai maziyarta miliyan daya don 2008-watanni biyu a baya fiye da bara. Kodayake tallace-tallacen tikiti na shekara ya karu saboda shaharar Flocke, lambobin ba su dace da babban tsammanin ba. A wannan watan ne aka sanar da cewa kub, yanzu nauyin {{Convert|60|kg|lb}}, ba za ta ƙara samun hutun abincin rana ba a bargarta, kuma za ta kasance a cikin shingen cikin yini. A ƙarshen Nuwamba 2008, mahaifiyar Flocke Vera ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu, waɗanda mahaifin Flocke, Felix ya haifa. Ko da yake Vera ta iya kula da sabbin ’ya’yan ba tare da taimako daga masu kula da namun daji ba, da farko Darakta Dag Encke ya bayyana cewa yaran na da kashi 50 cikin 100 na damar tsira. Makonni uku bayan an ba da rahoton haihuwar su, 'ya'yan biyu sun mutu saboda dalilai na halitta a cikin mako guda da juna. Encke ya bayyana baƙin cikinsa bayan mutuwar ɗan yaro na biyu, yana mai cewa "Vera tana shayar da ita akai-akai, kuma dabbar dabbar takan yi barci da kyau bayan haka, don haka da alama ta tabbata cewa ta sami isasshen madara. Dalilin da ya sa yaron ya ɓace da sauri ba a sani ba." An sake ƙaura wani ɗan beyar namiji mai suna Rasputin daga Moscow zuwa gidan Zoo na Nuremberg a watan Disamba 2008 don abin da ake tunanin zai zama tsawaita zamansa kafin ya koma Zoo Aquarium de Madrid . Asalin asali yana nufin zama a Jamus na shekara guda kawai, beyar namiji - wanda ake kira "Raspi" ta magoya baya - ya raba shingen Flocke. Gidan namun daji ya yi fatan Rasputin, wanda ba kamar Flocke da mahaifiyarsa ta girma ba, zai koya wa ƙwararrun ƙwararrunsu yadda za su yi hulɗa da nata jinsi. A cewar wata sanarwa da birnin ya bayar, bears "suna tafiya cikin shahara". A kan 21 Oktoba 2009, birnin Nuremberg ya sanar da cewa Flocke da Rasputin za su matsa tare zuwa wani sabon ginin da aka gina a Marineland, dake Antibes, Faransa, a farkon 2010. Saboda kusancin dangantaka tsakanin matasa biyu bear bears, jami'ai daga Turai Conservation Breeding Program "Europtuns Program" ko "Europünts". yanke shawarar cewa beyoyin biyu su kasance tare duk da shirye-shiryen farko na Rasputin ya koma Madrid shi kadai. Iyayen Flocke, Vera da Felix za su yi amfani da shingen da suke barin a Nuremberg, da fatan za su samar da ƙarin ƴaƴan. Duk da ƙoƙari na minti na karshe na ƙungiyar PETA na dabba don dakatar da motsi bisa la'akari da damuwa ga lafiyar Flocke da Rasputin, bears biyu sun isa Faransa lafiya a kan 22 Afrilu 2010. Flocke ta haifi 'ya'ya mai suna Hope a cikin 2014. A cikin 2019 tana da 'yan uku, zuriyarta na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2020 |title=Three Baby Polar Bears are Born in Marineland Park on the Côte d'Azur |url=https://chb44.com/2020/01/three-baby-polar-bears-born-marineland-park-cote-dazur/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104140824/https://chb44.com/2020/01/three-baby-polar-bears-born-marineland-park-cote-dazur/ |archive-date=4 January 2024 |access-date=30 September 2023 |website=chb44.com - Life in France}}</ref> Flocke yana zaune a Jimmy's Farm and Wildlife Park a Ipswich kamar na 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |title=MEET FLOCKE AND TALA |url=https://jimmysfarm.com/flocke-tala/ |access-date=6 July 2025 |website=Jimmy's Farm and Wildlife Park}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Binky (beyar polar)|Binky (Polar bear)]] * Knut (Polar bear) * Wilbär * Jerin beyoyin guda ɗaya == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 446hd4h41r96k33vxib3ko6izbksijh 974828 974827 2026-11-01T15:55:05Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Polar_bear_Flocke_Aquapark_Tiergarten_Nuremberg_DE_2008-04-09_cropped.jpg|thumb|Flocke a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2008, washegari bayan fitowarta ta farko a bainar jama'a]] '''Flocke''' ( ) wata mace ce da aka haife ta a kurkuku a gidan zoo na Nuremberg a [[Nuremberg]], Jamus a ranar 11 ga Disamban shekarar 2007. Bayan 'yan makonni bayan haihuwarta, an cire ta daga kulawar mahaifiyarta bayan an nuna damuwa game da lafiyarta. Duk da cewa gidan namun daji ya kafa wata ƙa'ida mai tsauri ta rashin tsoma baki tare da dabbobinta, jami'ai sun zaɓi renon 'yar da hannu. Wannan shawarar ta zo ne a daidai lokacin da gidajen namun dajin ke samun mummunar kulawa daga kafafen yada labarai bayan da aka ruwaito wata mata ta ci ‘ya’yanta da aka haifa. Kamar Knut, ɗan ɗamarar ɗabi'a da aka ɗaure da hannu a gidan Zoo na Berlin, Flocke ("flake" a cikin Jamusanci) da sauri ya zama abin mamaki na kafofin watsa labarai. Bayan ta fara fitowa ga jama'a a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2008, gidan namun daji ya yiwa sunanta alamar kasuwanci kuma hotonta ya bayyana akan kayan wasan yara da tallace-tallace a cikin birni. Gidan namun daji ya sanar a watan Mayun 2008 cewa shugaban Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Achim Steiner zai zama majibincin Flocke tare da fatan yin amfani da beyar a matsayin jakada don karfafa wayar da kan jama'a game da [[Canjin yanayi|sauyin yanayi]] . A ƙarshen shekara ta 2008, an gabatar da wani beyar namiji ɗan asalin ƙasar Rasha mai suna Rasputin a cikin shingen Flocke a cikin bege cewa za ta sami ƙwarewar zamantakewa mai mahimmanci tare da memba na nau'in nata. A watan Afrilun shekarar 2010, an ƙaura da beyar biyu zuwa Marineland a kudancin Faransa. A cikin shekarar 2021 ta koma Yorkshire Wildlife Park . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Captive polar bears: Flocke |url=http://www.bearconservation.org.uk/captive-polar-bears-flocke/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521074624/http://www.bearconservation.org.uk/captive-polar-bears-flocke/ |archive-date=21 May 2024 |access-date=30 September 2023 |website=Bear Conservation Trust}}</ref> == Yaro da rigima == [[Fayil:Polar_bears_Felix_and_Vera_Aquapark_Tiergarten_Nuremberg_DE_2008-02-20.jpg|left|thumb|Iyayen Flocke Felix da Vera]] An kuma haifi Flocke a Zoo na Nuremberg a kan 11 Disamba 2007 zuwa Vera (an haife shi 2002 a Moscow) da Felix (an haife shi 2001 a [[Vienna]] ). <ref name="parents2">{{Cite web |title=Polar Bear Flocke: The Parents |url=http://www.nuernberg.de/internet/polarbear/parents.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121209020006/http://www.nuernberg.de/internet/polarbear/parents.html |archive-date=9 December 2012 |access-date=30 April 2008 |publisher=Nuremberg Online}}</ref> Felix kuma ya yi aure tare da 'yar'uwar Vera Vilma, wadda ta haifi 'yan makonni a farkon watan Nuwamba ga abin da jami'ai suka yi tunanin 'ya'ya biyu ne. Masu kula da namun daji, da ke aiwatar da tsauraran manufofin rashin tsangwama, ba su iya tantance ainihin ’ya’yan nawa aka haifa ba. Gidan namun daji ya bayar da rahoton cewa ba ya son ƙirƙirar [[Media circus|wasan kwaikwayo na kafofin watsa labaru]] irin wanda ya kewaye [[Knut (polar bear)|Knut]], wani beyar maraya mara kyau a [[Berlin Zoo|gidan Zoo na Berlin]] wanda ya zama mashahurin duniya a shekarar da ta gabata. Kwanaki bayan gidan namun daji ya sake tabbatar da manufofinsa na rashin tsangwama, yawan jama'a a kullum ''[[Bild]]'' ya ba da labari tare da kanun labarai yana karanta "Me ya sa Wani Ba Zai Ajiye Knuts Baby Knuts a Nuremberg Zoo?" A farkon watan Janairu, masu kula da zoo sun lura cewa Vilma ya bayyana a cikin tsoro; A razane ta gan ta tana tafe a akwatinta, babu sauran alamun 'ya'yan nata. An yi imani cewa ta cinye su. Da aka tambaye shi dalili, darektan gidan zoo na Nuremberg Dag Encke ya ce za su iya yin rashin lafiya, yanayin da berayen da ke cikin daji sukan cinye 'ya'yansu. Gidan namun daji da sauri ya fuskanci kakkausar suka a cikin Jamus da kuma daga kafofin watsa labarai na duniya saboda bayyanar da ba da izinin mutuwar 'ya'yan. Daraktan kungiyar kare hakkin dabbobi ta Jamus ya ce gidan namun dajin ya yi abin da bai dace ba, kuma "hakin da'a ne ya rataya a wuyan gudanarwa na bai wa 'ya'yan polar bear damar rayuwa. Yin amfani da hujjar 'Wannan Halin' a matsayin uzuri na shiga tsakani a makare abu ne mai ban tsoro kuma bai dace ba." Maziyartan da suka fusata sun taru a gaban katangar igiyar ruwa kuma suka yi ihu "Rabenmutter" (a zahiri, "mahaifiyar hankaka", ma'ana "muguwar uwa") duk lokacin da Vilma ta bayyana. A halin yanzu, an ga Vera ta fito daga kogon ta a karon farko; 'Ya'yanta guda ɗaya, ba ta da ƙarfi a cikin makonni huɗu kacal, da alama tana cikin koshin lafiya. Kwanaki biyu bayan da kafofin watsa labaru suka mayar da martani da suka biyo bayan bacewar ’ya’yan Vilma, Vera ta fara nuna bakon ɗabi’a kamar ɗaukar ’ya’yanta da ba a bayyana sunanta ba a kewayen shingen tare da jefa shi akai-akai akan benen dutsen. Damuwa da lafiyar yaran, gidan Zoo na Nuremberg ya yanke shawarar cire ta daga kulawar mahaifiyarta tare da rene ta da hannu. == Suna == [[Fayil:Media_circus_Polar_bear_Flocke_Aquapark_Tiergarten_Nuremberg_DE_2008-04-09.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Masu rahoto da baƙi suna kallon wasan Flocke a cikin kewayenta.]] Kasa da mako guda bayan an cire ’ya’yan Vera daga shingen beyar polar, gidan namun daji ya sadaukar da gidan yanar gizo ga yaran. Ya ba da sabuntawa akai-akai game da lafiyarta da ci gabanta, da kuma hotuna da bidiyo na keɓancewa. Gidan yanar gizon ya kuma nuna gasar da magoya baya za su iya kada kuri'a don sunan 'yar. An sanar da sunan hukuma a ranar 18 ga Janairu 2008 ta Ulrich Maly, magajin garin Nuremberg, kuma ana watsa shi kai tsaye a talabijin. Duk da ɗimbin shawarwarin da aka aika ta imel daga ko'ina cikin duniya (ciki har da "Stella", "Knutschi", "Sissi" da "Yuki Chan" ), gidan namun daji a hukumance ya ba ta suna Flocke, Jamusanci don "flake", kamar yadda yake cikin "flake dusar ƙanƙara". "Flocke", wanda kafafen yada labarai ke amfani da shi a baya ga sunanta a hukumance, shine laƙabin da masu kula da namun daji suka ba ta asali saboda farar gashinta. Kafofin watsa labarai sun ba da rahoton girman Flocke a hankali a cikin 'yan watannin ta na farko. Masu kula da namun daji guda hudu sun yi bi-bi-bi-bi-bi-bi-ba-daba-bamai suna ciyar da jaririyar da madarar wucin gadi mililita 140 a duk bayan sa'o'i hudu kuma labarin bude idonta a karon farko ya bazu kanun labarai kwanaki kadan kafin a bayyana sunan ta a hukumance. A cikin makonni biyar da haihuwa, littafin ''Bild'' ya kira ta a matsayin "Mrs. Knut", yana nuna cewa berayen polar biyu na Jamus na iya zama ma'aurata idan sun girma. Yayin da take girma, abincin Flocke ya wadatar da abincin kare, kuma ana kawo mata dafaffen ƙasusuwa don ta ci lokacin tana da shekara uku. Ba da da ewa ba aka kai ta wurin tafkin namun daji domin yin aikin ninkaya. <ref name="star" /> Gidan namun daji a baya sun bayyana cewa suna neman wani marayu mara iyaka ko kuma ruwan beyar da za su yi kiwo tare da Flocke don inganta ci gabanta. A ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2008, Flocke ta yi fitowar ta ta farko a bainar jama'a a cikin shingen beyar iyakacin duniya wanda ya taɓa zama gida ga Vilma; An mai da balagaggen dolar Amirka zuwa wani gidan namun daji. Yaron mai watanni hudu ya samu tarba daga 'yan jarida sama da 160 da ma'aikatan daukar hoto na kasa da kasa rabin dozin a ranar farko. A cikin makon farko, an nuna Flocke na ɗan gajeren lokaci tare da hutu a tsakar rana. Da yake tsammanin kololuwar baƙi 20,000, gidan zoo ya gina dandalin kallo, wanda zai iya ɗaukar mutane 500 a lokaci ɗaya, a gaban shingen, amma halartar masu kula da gidan zoo ya fara ƙasa da yadda ake tsammani. Gidan namun daji yana amfani da tsarin watsa bidiyo da rikodin rikodi daga Bosch Security Systems don watsa hotuna masu ingancin TV na kub zuwa nau'in {{Convert|46|in|mm}} manyan-tsara fuska. An aiwatar da wannan tsarin, wanda ya haɗa da allo ɗaya a wajen shingen, don taimakawa gidan namun daji biyan buƙatun maziyartan da ke son hango Flocke. <ref name="bosch">{{Cite web |title=Baby polar bear "Flocke" at Nuremberg Zoo now admired on big screen around the clock |url=http://www.boschsecurity.com.au/content/language1/html/2374_ENU_XHTML.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719053448/http://www.boschsecurity.com.au/content/language1/html/2374_ENU_XHTML.asp |archive-date=19 July 2008 |access-date=11 June 2008 |publisher=Bosch Security Official Website}}</ref> Sai dai jim kadan bayan fitowarta ta farko, Flocke ya zama abin da aka fi mayar da hankali kan cece-kuce lokacin da fitaccen mai kula da dabbobi Jürgen Ortmüller, shugaban kungiyar Whale da Dolphin Protection Forum, ya dauki wani lauya ya hana Nuremberg Zoo na cin gajiyar ’ya’yan beyar. Da'awar cewa bayyanar Flocke a bainar jama'a zai haifar da illa mai lalacewa kuma gidan zoo yana da damuwa kawai game da samun kuɗi, Ortmüller ya ɗauki babban lauya [[Rolf Bossi]] don ƙalubalanci su a kotu. == Kasuwanci da alamar alama == Ba da daɗewa ba bayan an kubutar da Flocke a watan Janairu, birnin ya sami haƙƙin yin alama ga sunanta. Daga baya gidan zoo ya fito da tambarin hukuma. <ref name="logo">{{Cite web |title=Das offizielle Logo "Eisbär-Flocke" |url=http://www.nuernberg.de/internet/eisbaer/logo.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513232915/http://www.nuernberg.de/internet/eisbaer/logo.html |archive-date=13 May 2008 |access-date=11 June 2008 |publisher=Nuremberg Online |language=de}}</ref> Flocke ta zama wani ɓangare na babban kamfen ɗin yaɗa jama'a a Nuremberg lokacin da aka nuna ta tare da kalmar "Knut war gestern" (Knut shine beyar jiya) akan fastoci na yankin birni. An nuna waɗannan fastoci a tashoshi na bas da na jirgin ƙasa da yawa a duk faɗin birnin. An yi wa lakabi da "Zazzabin Flocke" ta 'yan jarida (mai kama da "Knutmania" na shekarar da ta gabata), shaharar 'ya'yan itace ya karu a farkon 2008. An yi amfani da hotonta don wasanni, litattafai, kayan wasa masu laushi, DVDs, katunan wasiƙa da sauran abubuwa. <ref name="shop">{{Cite web |title=Zoo Shop Now Open |url=http://www.nuernberg.de/internet/polarbear/aktuell_16886.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121208161011/http://www.nuernberg.de/internet/polarbear/aktuell_16886.html |archive-date=8 December 2012 |access-date=6 May 2008 |publisher=Nuremberg Online}}</ref> Samfurin farko da aka saki, wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Flocke wanda aka saki a watan Fabrairu, Kamfanin Fuerth na Noris-Spiele ne ya yi, ƙungiyar Georg Reulein GmbH & Co. KG. Shahararren kamfanin wasan wasa Steiff ya fara siyar da nau'ikan dabbobin Flocke da aka cusa a watan Mayu mai zuwa. Kudin shiga daga kayan ciniki a halin yanzu yana tafiya zuwa gidan zoo da shirye-shiryen tsira na nau'in. <ref name="shop" /> == Daga baya talla == A cikin watan Afrilun 2008, gidan namun daji ya rage mu'amalar ɗan adam da 'ya'yan, yana fatan cewa wata rana za ta iya zama tare da membobin jinsinta kuma ba ta dogara ga ɗan adam ba. Kasancewa mai 'yanci daga masu tsaronta, an ba da rahoton Flocke sau da yawa tana wasa cikin farin ciki da kanta. <ref name="dummy" /> An ba ta wata robobi mai suna “dummy” mai kama da zoben haƙoran yaro, wanda aka ɗaure a sandunan da ke cikin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙofarta don tsotsa yayin da take hutawa. Wannan shayarwa ta sa hancin yaron ya zama lanƙwasa; bakinta ya zauna a wannan siffa na wani lokaci kafin ta dawo normal. [[Fayil:Flocke(Ursus_maritimus)3.jpg|thumb|Flocke a cikin katangarta a cikin Oktoba 2008]] A lokacin da take da shekaru wata shida, an ba da rahoton cewa Flocke, wacce a lokacin abincinta ya kunshi mafi yawa kilogiram na naman sa, kayan lambu iri-iri da kuma litar madarar kwikwiyo a rana, tana da nauyin ci gabanta mai {{Convert|45|kg|lb}} ku. Likitan gidan namun daji, Bernhard Neurohr, shima yayi tsokaci akan hakorin beyar, yana mai cewa "Flocke yana matukar sha'awar inabi, kankana, 'ya'yan kiwi da pears", tare da tsananin son ayaba. Shugaban Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya Achim Steiner ya zama majiɓincin Flocke a watan Mayun 2008. Ta hanyar ɗaukar wannan rawar, Steiner ya yarda da ƙoƙarin Nuremberg Zoo game da kare yanayin gida, yana mai cewa "Na yi farin ciki da an nemi in zama ' ubangida' ga Nuremberg's polar bear cub Flocke. A cikin Yuni 2008, an sanar da sabon kamfen ɗin fosta mai nuna Flocke; Manufarta ita ce karfafa wayar da kan jama'a game da iyawar daidaikun mutane na kare yanayin duniya. Gidan Zoo na Nuremberg ne ya dauki nauyinsa tare da yankin Nuremberg Metropolitan Region, hoton ya nuna Flocke da kalmar "Klimaschutz beginnt vor Ort" ("Kariyar Yanayi yana farawa daga Gida"). Gidan namun daji ya kuma buga kasida mai girman aljihu da ke nuna Flocke. Mai taken "Ƙananan Jagora ga Kariyar Yanayi", ta koya wa baƙi yadda za su rage hayakin [[carbon dioxide]] . <ref name="athome" /> Gidan Zoo na Nuremberg ya sanar a watan Satumba cewa ya kai maziyarta miliyan daya don 2008-watanni biyu a baya fiye da bara. Kodayake tallace-tallacen tikiti na shekara ya karu saboda shaharar Flocke, lambobin ba su dace da babban tsammanin ba. A wannan watan ne aka sanar da cewa kub, yanzu nauyin {{Convert|60|kg|lb}}, ba za ta ƙara samun hutun abincin rana ba a bargarta, kuma za ta kasance a cikin shingen cikin yini. A ƙarshen Nuwamba 2008, mahaifiyar Flocke Vera ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu, waɗanda mahaifin Flocke, Felix ya haifa. Ko da yake Vera ta iya kula da sabbin ’ya’yan ba tare da taimako daga masu kula da namun daji ba, da farko Darakta Dag Encke ya bayyana cewa yaran na da kashi 50 cikin 100 na damar tsira. Makonni uku bayan an ba da rahoton haihuwar su, 'ya'yan biyu sun mutu saboda dalilai na halitta a cikin mako guda da juna. Encke ya bayyana baƙin cikinsa bayan mutuwar ɗan yaro na biyu, yana mai cewa "Vera tana shayar da ita akai-akai, kuma dabbar dabbar takan yi barci da kyau bayan haka, don haka da alama ta tabbata cewa ta sami isasshen madara. Dalilin da ya sa yaron ya ɓace da sauri ba a sani ba." An sake ƙaura wani ɗan beyar namiji mai suna Rasputin daga Moscow zuwa gidan Zoo na Nuremberg a watan Disamba 2008 don abin da ake tunanin zai zama tsawaita zamansa kafin ya koma Zoo Aquarium de Madrid . Asalin asali yana nufin zama a Jamus na shekara guda kawai, beyar namiji - wanda ake kira "Raspi" ta magoya baya - ya raba shingen Flocke. Gidan namun daji ya yi fatan Rasputin, wanda ba kamar Flocke da mahaifiyarsa ta girma ba, zai koya wa ƙwararrun ƙwararrunsu yadda za su yi hulɗa da nata jinsi. A cewar wata sanarwa da birnin ya bayar, bears "suna tafiya cikin shahara". A kan 21 Oktoba 2009, birnin Nuremberg ya sanar da cewa Flocke da Rasputin za su matsa tare zuwa wani sabon ginin da aka gina a Marineland, dake Antibes, Faransa, a farkon 2010. Saboda kusancin dangantaka tsakanin matasa biyu bear bears, jami'ai daga Turai Conservation Breeding Program "Europtuns Program" ko "Europünts". yanke shawarar cewa beyoyin biyu su kasance tare duk da shirye-shiryen farko na Rasputin ya koma Madrid shi kadai. Iyayen Flocke, Vera da Felix za su yi amfani da shingen da suke barin a Nuremberg, da fatan za su samar da ƙarin ƴaƴan. Duk da ƙoƙari na minti na karshe na ƙungiyar PETA na dabba don dakatar da motsi bisa la'akari da damuwa ga lafiyar Flocke da Rasputin, bears biyu sun isa Faransa lafiya a kan 22 Afrilu 2010. Flocke ta haifi 'ya'ya mai suna Hope a cikin 2014. A cikin 2019 tana da 'yan uku, zuriyarta na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2020 |title=Three Baby Polar Bears are Born in Marineland Park on the Côte d'Azur |url=https://chb44.com/2020/01/three-baby-polar-bears-born-marineland-park-cote-dazur/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104140824/https://chb44.com/2020/01/three-baby-polar-bears-born-marineland-park-cote-dazur/ |archive-date=4 January 2024 |access-date=30 September 2023 |website=chb44.com - Life in France}}</ref> Flocke yana zaune a Jimmy's Farm and Wildlife Park a Ipswich kamar na 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |title=MEET FLOCKE AND TALA |url=https://jimmysfarm.com/flocke-tala/ |access-date=6 July 2025 |website=Jimmy's Farm and Wildlife Park}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Binky (beyar polar)|Binky (Polar bear)]] * Knut (Polar bear) * Wilbär * Jerin beyoyin guda ɗaya == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] g4zhol7gnfdo6xjp9mocst09aofa3mw 0 110009 975054 687607 2026-11-01T21:55:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975054 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}Cibiyar Demokradiyya ƙungiya ce mai ba da shawara game da haƙƙin ɗan adam ta kasar Sin wacce [[Lan Zhixue]] da sauran lauyoyi suka fara a shekara ta 2009. Ya shiga cikin gwagwarmayar da ta shafi manyan rikice-rikice da suka shafi magana, rashin amincewa, 'yancin intanet, hanyoyin farar hula, da nuna gaskiya ga gwamnati.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sainsbury |first=Michael |date=7 August 2009 |title=China targets lawyers in rights crackdown |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/legal-affairs/china-targets-lawyers-in-rights-crackdown/story-e6frg97x-1225758787864 |accessdate=30 January 2011 |newspaper=The Australian (with the Wall Street Journal)}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=MacLeod |first=Calum |date=14 January 2009 |title=More Chinese are willing to challenge legal system |url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2009-01-13-chinalaw_N.htm |accessdate=30 January 2011 |newspaper=USA Today}}</ref> == References == 5imx25ca61frc40gysrwgo6zl67ugjw 0 110127 974904 961175 2026-11-01T16:21:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Canjin yanayi a [[Guatemala (ƙasa)|Guatemala]]''' babban lamari ne saboda ana ɗaukar Guatemala ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe 10 da suka fi fuskantar tasirin canjin yanayi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Guatemala {{!}} Global Climate Change |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/guatemala |access-date=2019-05-07 |website=Climate Links |publisher=[[USAID]] |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2010, Guatemala "ta kasance ta biyu a duniya a kan Global Climate Risk Index, wanda ke nuna matakin fallasawa da rauni ga matsanancin abubuwan da suka faru. " <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2015-11-27 |title=Guatemala |url=https://ccafs.cgiar.org/guatemala |access-date=2019-05-07 |website=Research Program on Agriculture, Climate Change, and Food Security |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720100041/https://ccafs.cgiar.org/guatemala |archive-date=2020-07-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Dukkanin samar da aikin gona na kasuwanci da aikin gona sun ragu, kuma ta haka ne manoma masu cin abinci sun sami wahalar samun aiki a matsayin ma'aikatan rana lokacin da amfanin gonar su ya gaza.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2018-10-23 |title=Changing climate forces desperate Guatemalans to migrate |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2018/10/drought-climate-change-force-guatemalans-migrate-to-us/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031220415/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2018/10/drought-climate-change-force-guatemalans-migrate-to-us/ |archive-date=October 31, 2018 |access-date=2019-05-07 |website=[[National Geographic]]}}</ref> Kimanin manoma 300,000 sun ba da rahoton asarar amfanin gona saboda fari a cikin 2018.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Walsh |first=Conor |date= |title=Conor Walsh: Immigration and climate change in Central America |url=https://tucson.com/opinion/national/conor-walsh-immigration-and-climate-change-in-central-america/article_f9d39a5f-c475-5255-8b71-0b0c542a3ec7.html |access-date=2019-05-07 |website=Arizona Daily Star |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260601234038/https://tucson.com/opinion/national/conor-walsh-immigration-and-climate-change-in-central-america/article_f9d39a5f-c475-5255-8b71-0b0c542a3ec7.html |archive-date=2026-06-01 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kimanin rabin ma'aikatan Guatemala suna cikin bangaren noma. An gano amfanin gona mara kyau saboda canjin yanayi a matsayin abin da ke haifar da ƙaura zuwa Amurka.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Shapiro |first=Ari |last2=Blitzer |first2=Jonathan |date=April 10, 2019 |title=Climate Change Is Forcing Farmers In Guatemala To Leave Their Land For The U.S. |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/04/10/711951941/climate-change-is-forcing-farmers-in-guatemala-to-leave-their-land-for-the-u-s |access-date=2019-05-07 |website=[[NPR]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Padgett |first=Tim |date=Apr 8, 2019 |title=Guatemalan Climate Change Refugees Pouring Over U.S. Border – And Into South Florida |url=https://www.wlrn.org/post/guatemalan-climate-change-refugees-pouring-over-us-border-and-south-florida |access-date=2019-05-07 |website=[[WLRN-FM|WLRN]] |language=en}}</ref> == Rashin iskar gas == "Guatemala ta fitar da tan miliyan 40 (MtCO2e) na iskar gas a cikin 2011, tare da [[Amfani da Ƙasa|canjin amfani da ƙasa]] da sashin gandun daji yana ba da gudummawa kashi 40 cikin dari ga hayakin gaba ɗaya. Iskar gas ta karu da kashi 38 cikin dari daga 1990 - 2011 tare da gudummawar gudummawa mai mahimmanci daga canjin amfani na ƙasa da gandun daji, makamashi da bangarorin noma. "<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Greenhouse Gas Emissions Factsheet: Guatemala {{!}} Global Climate Change |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/ghg-emissions-factsheet-guatemala |access-date=2019-05-07 |website=Climate Links |publisher=[[USAID]] |archive-date=2020-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720052643/https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/ghg-emissions-factsheet-guatemala |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tasirin yanayi == === Yanayin zafi da sauye-sauyen yanayi ===   Wani rahoto daga tsarin kimiyyar canjin yanayi na Guatemala a cikin 2019 ya nuna cewa lokacin ruwan sama yana farawa daga baya sakamakon canjin yanayi, yana sanya manoma da 'yan asalin ƙasar a cikin al'ummomin matalauta cikin haɗarin karancin abinci sakamakon amfanin gona mara kyau. === Tsarin halittu === Populations of Guatemala's edible giant winged leaf-cutter ant are declining.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-18 |title=Meet the giant Guatemalan winged-leaf-cutter ant: Zompopo |url=https://antiguadailyphoto.com/2014/05/18/meet-the-giant-guatemalan-winged-leaf-cutter-ant-zompopo/ |access-date=2019-05-07 |website=AntiguaDailyPhoto.Com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Zompopos de Mayo Season in Guatemala 2019 |url=https://rove.me/to/guatemala/zompopos-de-mayo |access-date=2019-05-07 |website=Rove.me |language=en}}</ref> "Guatemala's ''zompopos'', yellow ants, of May are now the ''zompopos'' of June," according to Dr. Edwin Castellanos, of the Universidad del Valle de Guatemala''.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Castellanos |first=Edwin |date=2016-03-07 |title=Climate Change in Guatemala |url=http://www.entremundos.org/revista/environment/climate-change/climate-change-in-guatemala/?lang=en |access-date=2019-05-07 |website=EntreMundos |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430173400/http://www.entremundos.org/revista/environment/climate-change/climate-change-in-guatemala/?lang=en |archive-date=2019-04-30 |url-status=dead}}</ref>'' == Tasirin da aka yi wa mutane == === Tasirin Tattalin Arziki === ==== Aikin noma ==== Manoma na Guatemala sun fuskanci matsanancin yanayi kamar guguwa, da kuma yanayin yanayi mara kyau tare da spikes da saukowa a cikin zafin jiki, ruwan sama mai yawa, fari, da sanyi ba zato ba tsammani.<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":4"/><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=25 April 2019 |title=Erratic weather patterns in the Central American Dry Corridor leave 1.4 million people in urgent need of food assistance |url=http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/1191887/icode/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529102043/http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/1191887/icode/ |archive-date=2021-05-29 |access-date=2019-05-04 |website=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ]] |language=en}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin amfanin gona da ya shafa [[Dankalin turawa|dankali]] ne, wanda ke fama da fungus.<ref name=":3"/> Yankunan yammacin Guatemala suna da saukin kamuwa da canjin yanayi, suna tasiri ga yawan mutanen da ke cikin yankin na manoma masu cin gashin kansu. Babban amfanin gona, dankali da masara, sun kasance a kan karuwar matsin lamba yayin da sanyi mai tsanani a yankin ya zama mafi yawa tun 2013. Tsuntsaye masu tsananin sanyi na iya kashe amfanin gona na tsawon lokaci guda. A ƙananan tsaunuka, sabbin kwari suna zama masu yawa kuma an rage ruwan sama Matsalar [[Tsaron abinci|Tsaro na abinci]] da yunwa sun karu, musamman a cikin "corredor seco" (wani yanki wanda ya kai daga sassan Izabal da Baja Verapaz a arewa zuwa Santa Rosa da Jutiapa a kudu). <ref name=":5"/> Sauran amfanin gona da abin ya shafa sun haɗa da kofi <ref>{{Cite web |title=‘We’re just trying to adapt’: Coffee farmers face down climate change |url=https://www.conservation.org/blog/we-re-just-trying-to-adapt-coffee-farmers-face-down-climate-change |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=www.conservation.org |language=en |archive-date=2025-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250731180729/https://www.conservation.org/blog/we-re-just-trying-to-adapt-coffee-farmers-face-down-climate-change |url-status=dead }}</ref> da cardamom<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saunders |first=Caroline |date=2025-04-21 |title=What Does Climate Change Mean for Cardamom? |url=https://bluedotliving.com/what-does-climate-change-mean-for-cardamom/ |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=Bluedot Living |language=en-US}}</ref>. === Tasirin da ke tattare da ƙaura === A cikin 2018, kashi 50% na 94,000 Guatemalans da aka fitar daga Amurka da Mexico sun fito ne daga tsaunuka na yammacin kasar da sauyin yanayi ya shafa sosai. A cikin 2019, Palm Beach County, Florida ta ga karuwar baƙi na Guatemala daga "Dry corridor", suna neman tserewa daga yunwa da aka haifar da lokacin fari ya biyo bayan ruwan sama mai yawa wanda ya shafi amfanin gonar su.<ref name=":4"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9wqz86ggxi0bidq1cxv2g3jszrb5802 0 110554 975114 839567 2026-11-02T05:00:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="fn">Darlene Nichols</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%;" |Ka-Mook |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An haife shi | class="infobox-data" |Darlene Pearl Nichols[1][2]1955 (shekaru 69-70) Scotts Bluff, Nebraska, Amurka[3]<br />&nbsp;<br /><div class="birthplace" style="display:inline">[[Nebraska]]" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Scotts Bluff, Nebraska">Scotts Bluff, Nebraska, Amurka <ref name="JFAMR"><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20080518032313/http://www.jfamr.org/doc/kmtest1.html "Testimony of Darlene Nichols in the Trial of Arlo Looking Cloud February 3, 2004"]. </cite></ref></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ƙasar | class="infobox-data category" |[[Native Americans in the United States|Indiyawan Amurka]] [[Oglala Sioux]] <ref name="Civil Disobedience: An Encyclopedic History of Dissidence in the United States"><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFSnodgrass2012">Snodgrass, Mary Ellen (4 May 2012). </cite></ref> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ayyuka | class="infobox-data role" |[[Civil rights activist|Mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama]] FBI Mai ba da labari Mai ba da magani <ref name="Catholic Social Services"><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[http://catholicsocialservicesrapidcity.com/services/counseling/meet-our-counselors/ "Meet our Counselors"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308115615/http://catholicsocialservicesrapidcity.com/services/counseling/meet-our-counselors/ |date=2016-03-08 }}. </cite></ref><br /><br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Shekaru masu aiki&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |1972[3]–1978 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ƙungiya (s) | class="infobox-data org" |[[American Indian Movement|Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka]] (a baya) [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] (a baya<br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An san shi da&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |Mafi Tsawon Hanyar Hanyar Hagu<br />[[Wounded Knee incident|Lamarin da ya faru a gwiwa]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Matar aure | class="infobox-data" |[[Dennis Banks]] (1972-1989) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yara | class="infobox-data" |Tokala Banks Tiopa BanksTasina Banks Tacanunpa Banks <ref name="Rapid City Journal"><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFBanks2010">Banks, Dennis (3 December 2010). </cite></ref><ref name="Ojibwa Warrior: Dennis Banks and the Rise of the American Indian Movement"><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFBanks2012">Banks, Dennis (4 May 2012). </cite></ref><br /><br /><br /> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Dangi | class="infobox-data" |Bernie Nichols-Lafferty (yar'uwa) Barbara Robideau (yar'uwar) <ref name="Ani-Kutani"><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[http://www.ani-kutani.com/nativeamericanfacts/leonardpeltier.htm "Leonard Peltier"]. </cite></ref><ref name="Am I Annoying?"><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[http://www.amiannoying.com/%28S%28yv3m31rqme5kocrfihmdupo1%29%29/view.aspx?id=20945&collection=13115 "Native American Icon"]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. </cite></ref><ref name="Rapid City Journal" /><br /> |} '''Darlene Nichols''', wanda aka fi sani da sunayen '''Kamook''', '''Ka-Mook''', ''''''Ka-Mook Nichols'''''' da Ka-Moak Nichols. An fi saninta da rawar da ta taka wajen shirya The Longest Walk, da kuma zama babban shaida <ref name="Indianz">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2012 |title=Native Sun News: Retired FBI agent takes on Peltier and AIM |url=http://www.indianz.com/News/2012/004294.asp |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=Indianz}}</ref> a cikin gwajin mambobin AIM Arlo Looking Cloud, Richard Marshall, da [[John Graham (mai fafutuka na Kanada)|John Graham]] waɗanda aka yanke musu hukunci a kisan [[Anna Mae Aquash]] . == Rayuwa ta farko == An kuma haifi Darlene "Ka-Mook" Ecoffey Darlene Pearl Nichols a cikin birnin Scotts Bluff, [[Nebraska]] . <ref name="Graham Defense">{{Cite web |title=John Graham Defense Committee |url=http://www.grahamdefense.org/200402cloud-transcript/106-115.htm |access-date=7 March 2016}}</ref> Ta fito daga Pine Ridge Reservation Indian . Majiyoyi sun bambanta akan ainihin shekarun Nichols lokacin da ta fara saduwa da Dennis Banks . Wasu majiyoyi sun ce ta sadu da Banks a 17, <ref name="New York Times">{{Cite web |last=Konigsberg |first=Eric |date=25 April 2014 |title=Who Killed Anna Mae? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/27/magazine/who-killed-anna-mae.html?_r=0 |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=New York Times}}</ref> wasu kafofin sun bayyana 16, <ref name="Rapid City Journal" /> wasu kuma sun bayyana cewa ya sadu da ita lokacin da take da shekaru 14. <ref name="Looking Back Woman" /> Dennis Banks, wanda ya kafa [[Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka|Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Indiyawa]] da kuma daya daga cikin shugabanninta, 34 a lokacin, ya fara yin jima'i tare da Nichols lokacin da ta kasance 15-shekara <ref name="Looking Back Woman">{{Cite web |last=Burrows |first=John |date=14 April 1983 |title=Who Killed Anna Mae? |url=http://www.lookingbackwoman.ca/aim.htm |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=Los Angeles Times |archive-date=18 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318014141/http://www.lookingbackwoman.ca/aim.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> lokacin da ta kasance ɗansu na farko. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Nichols a baya ta zauna tare da shugaban [[Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka|AIM]] Dennis Banks na tsawon shekaru 17 kuma ita ce mahaifiyar hudu daga cikin 'ya'ya goma sha uku na Banks.<ref name="Sioux City Journal">{{Cite web |date=5 February 2004 |title=AIM leader's former wife testifies in trial |url=http://siouxcityjournal.com/news/state-and-regional/aim-leader-s-former-wife-testifies-in-trial/article_6c55fa4f-89f4-5609-b0d3-e0d59a660ca0.html |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=Sioux City Journal}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Los Angeles Times" /> Za ta rabu da Banks a shekarar 1989. <ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{Cite web |date=5 February 2004 |title=Who Killed Anna Mae? |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-feb-05-na-aim5-story.html |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Ba da daɗewa ba bayan da aka yanke wa Arlo Looking Cloud a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu 2004 don kisan gillar [[Anna Mae Aquash]], Nichols zai auri Robert Ecoffey, <ref name="Portland Independent Media">{{Cite web |last=Roubideau |first=Robert |title=JOHN TRUDELL, A PROFILE OF COWARDICE AN FBI INFORMANT COVERS HIS TRACKS IN THE MURDER OF A |url=http://portland.indymedia.org/en/2007/07/362371.shtml |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=Portland Independent Media |archive-date=27 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927081728/http://portland.indymedia.org/en/2007/07/362371.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin jagora mai bincike kan kisan Aquash kuma yanzu Ofishin Harkokin Indiya mai kula da Pine Ridge Indian Reservation a watan Satumbar 2004.<ref name="Denver CBS Local News">{{Cite web |date=26 September 2011 |title=Denver Man's Sentence Reduced In 1975 AIM Slaying |url=http://denver.cbslocal.com/2011/09/26/denver-mans-sentence-reduced-in-1975-aim-slaying/ |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=Denver CBS Local News}}</ref><ref name="New York Times"/><ref name="Portland Independent Media #1">{{Cite web |last=Claypoole |first=Antoinette Nora |date=16 May 2007 |title=Murder, Wrapped in a Blanket |url=http://portland.indymedia.org/en/2007/05/359558.shtml?discuss |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=Portland Independent Media |archive-date=8 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308131028/http://portland.indymedia.org/en/2007/05/359558.shtml?discuss |url-status=dead }}</ref> Al'amarin Aquash tare da Banks ya fara ne yayin da yake cikin auren doka tare da Nichols. Dangantakar Aquash da Banks an kalli ta da raini da damuwa daga mata na kabilun kabilanci daban-daban a cikin motsi, saboda sun yi imanin cewa dangantakar ta wakilci barazana ga kwanciyar hankali na AIM a lokacin da AIM ta zama "wani rikici na paranoia".<ref name="Front Page Mag">{{Cite web |last=Billingsley |first=Lloyd |date=1 May 2014 |title=American Indian Murder, Inc. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/27/magazine/who-killed-anna-mae.html?_r=0 |access-date=7 March 2016 |website=Front Page Mag}}</ref> A shekara ta 1973, lokacin da Nichols ya sadu da Aquash, sun zama abokai.<ref name="Sioux City Journal"/><ref name="The Lawrence World-Journal">{{Cite web |last=Melmer |first=David |date=13 February 2004 |title=Witness at AIM trial says Peltier bragged of killings |url=http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2004/feb/05/witness_at_aim/ |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=The Lawrence World-Journal}}</ref> A cikin 1975, an haifi 'yar Nichol ta biyu, Ta Tiyopa Maza Win (ko Matar Ƙofar Iron), yayin da aka kai Nichols kurkuku a Wichita, [[Kansas]] a kan tuhumar bindigogi. == Yunkurin fafutuka == Nichols ya taba shiga wani gangamin Gordon, [[Nebraska]] da ke da alaka da dalilan 'yan asalin Amurka . Ɗaya daga cikin manyan alamomin aikin Nichols a matsayin [[Hakkokin Jama'a Da Na Siyasa|mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a]] kuma mai shirya shi shine "The Longest Walk." A mayar da martani ga 11 takardar kudi da aka gabatar a Majalisar Dokokin Amurka an yi niyya don wargaza ikon mallakar kabilanci na Indiyawa na Indiya, ƙasashen kabilanci <ref name="U.S. National Library of Medicine">{{Cite web |title=1978: 'Longest Walk' draws attention to American Indian concerns |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/nativevoices/timeline/546.html |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=U.S. National Library of Medicine}}</ref> da haƙƙin ruwa <ref name="U.S. National Library of Medicine" /> a cikin 1978. <ref name="Humboldt State University">{{Cite web |title=The Longest Walk |url=http://users.humboldt.edu/ogayle/hist383/LongestWalk.html |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=Humboldt State University }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An yi tunanin Tafiya mafi tsayi tare da Trail of Broken Treaties na 1972, irin wannan nau'i na zanga-zangar wanda ya ƙunshi mota da mota a cikin Washington DC. Ofishin Harkokin Indiya don nuna adawa da gwamnati a lokacin tashin hankali na Zaman Karewa . <ref name="Jo Freeman">{{Cite web |last=Freeman |first=Jo |title=Indians End Longest Walk in Washington DC on July 15, 1978 |url=http://www.jofreeman.com/photos/Longest_Walk.htm |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=Humboldt State University}}</ref> Tafiya mafi tsayi kuma alama ce ta ƙarshe na babban taron Red Power Movement . <ref name="U.S. National Library of Medicine" /> Nichols ne suka shirya sannan kuma mijin, Dennis Banks, tsohon ya shirya fiye da 30,000 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka daga 80 kabilu daban-daban a cikin birnin Davis, [[California]] kuma sun yi tafiya mai nisan kilomita 5,800 (mil 3,600) daga Alcatraz zuwa [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] a cikin tsawon watanni 5. Tafiya mafi tsayi ya ƙare a ranar 15 ga Yuli 1978 lokacin da mutane kusan 2,000 suka shiga [[Washington, D.C.|babban birnin ƙasar]] [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], suka yi tafiya zuwa wurin shakatawa na Meridian Hill kuma suka tsaya a Babban Monument na Washington . <ref name="Global Nonviolent Action Database">{{Cite web |title=Native Americans walk from San Francisco to Washington, D.C. for U.S. civil rights, 1978 |url=https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/native-americans-walk-san-francisco-washington-dc-us-civil-rights-1978 |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=Global Nonviolent Action Database}}</ref> Tafiya mafi tsayi ya kasance babban nasara, yayin da zanga-zangar ta haifar da hankalin duniya da kuma nuna fushi ga ubanci na tarayya da 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka ke fuskanta, kuma ya haifar da cin nasara. <ref name="Freedom Socialist Party">{{Cite web |title=Commemorating "The Longest Walk" |url=http://www.socialism.com/drupal-6.8/articles/commemorating-longest-walk |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=Freedom Socialist Party |archive-date=8 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308111525/http://www.socialism.com/drupal-6.8/articles/commemorating-longest-walk |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Mai ba da labari na FBI == Nichols da farko ya yi aiki a matsayin mai goyon bayan [[Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka]]. Ko da yayin da aka haifi ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yanta mata a kurkukun tarayya, Nichols ta ki yin hadin kai da [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|FBI]].<ref name="Indian Country News #5">{{Cite web |last=DeMain |first=Paul |date=13 June 2007 |title=Jury convicts man in 1975 murder of Aquash |url=http://www.indiancountrynews.com/index.php/investigations/annie-mae-pictou-aquash/521-jury-convicts-man-in-1975-murder-of-aquash |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=Indian Country News |archive-date=8 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108135658/http://www.indiancountrynews.com/index.php/investigations/annie-mae-pictou-aquash/521-jury-convicts-man-in-1975-murder-of-aquash |url-status=dead }}</ref> Koyaya, bayan kisan gwagwarmayar da abokiyar Anna Mae Aquash, ta fara sake la'akari da haɗin gwiwa tare da kungiyar. Bayan karanta rahotanni na jarida game da kisan [[Anna Mae Aquash|Anna Mae Pictou-Aquash]], Nichols ya fara zargin cewa [[Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka]] tana da hannu a kisan AnnaMae.<ref name="JFAMR #3">{{Cite web |last=DeMain |first=Paul |date=23 February 2004 |title=Jury convicts man in 1975 murder of Anna Mae Pictou Aquash of Being Party to 1st Degree Murder |url=http://jfamr.org/compile.html |access-date=7 March 2016 |website=JFAMR}}</ref> Nichols ya tuntubi FBI, ya amince da ba da hadin kai a binciken kisan kiyashi na Aquash kuma daga baya ya sa waya don yin rikodin tattaunawa tare da Arlo Looking Cloud, Dennis Banks da sauransu.<ref name="The Lawrence World-Journal"/> Wata tattaunawa ta musamman tare da tsohon mijin Dennis Banks ta kasance mai haske sosai. Dennis Banks ya kasance batun bincike game da mutuwar mai zanga-zangar kare hakkin bil'adama na Afirka Ray Robinson, wanda ya ɓace lokacin da ya yi tafiya zuwa Wounded Knee don shiga cikin lamarin Wounded knee da kuma ɗan'uwan [[Ƙungiyar Indiyawan Amurka|AIM]] mai fafutuka [[Anna Mae Aquash]]">Anna Mae-Pictou Aquash. Kodayake Banks za su yi iƙirarin ba su da wani ilmi game da Robinson har sai bayan kammalawar Siege na Wounded Knee, <ref name="NewsOne">{{Cite web |date=27 April 2012 |title=Black Man Goes To Fight For American Indians 40 Yrs Ago, Then Disappears |url=http://newsone.com/2004687/civil-rights-activist-ray-robinson-disappears/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826142043/http://newsone.com/2004687/civil-rights-activist-ray-robinson-disappears/ |archive-date=26 August 2014 |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=NewsOne}}</ref> rikodin tattaunawar Banks sun bayyana sun ba da shawarar akasin haka. A shekara ta 2001, Nichols ya yi hira da Banks yayin da yake ƙoƙarin ƙarin koyo game da kisan gillar 1975 na mai fafutukar AIM Anna Mae Aquash . Kodayake Banks ya ki tattauna Aquash, ya ba da umarnin tattaunawar ga Robinson, yana mai cewa wani jami'in AIM ya harbe shi kuma ya zubar da jini har ya mutu saboda ƙungiyar tana ƙarƙashin kewaye kuma ba ta da hanyar bi da shi yadda ya kamata. Banks ya ce ya ga jikin Robinson kuma ya umarci wani matashi, Chris Westerman, ya "shawo shi inda babu wanda zai sani". Ya ce Westerman "ya tafi kusan sa'o'i biyar" kuma an binne Robinson "a kan rafin". <ref name="NYTimes" /> (Westerman ɗan'uwan mai fafutuka ne, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kuma mawaƙi Floyd Red Crow Westerman.) <ref name="Indian Country News #3">{{Cite web |date=17 July 2007 |title=Bernie Lafferty speaks about Ray Robinson's killing inside Wounded Knee 1973 |url=http://www.indiancountrynews.com/index.php/investigations/ray-robinson/889-bernie-lafferty-speaks-about-ray-robinsons-killing-inside-wounded-knee-1973 |access-date=22 August 2014 |website=Indian Country News |archive-date=26 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826114050/http://www.indiancountrynews.com/index.php/investigations/ray-robinson/889-bernie-lafferty-speaks-about-ray-robinsons-killing-inside-wounded-knee-1973 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kyauta == An yaba wa Nichols-Ecoffey kuma an hukunta shi saboda hadin kai tare da gwamnatin tarayya da kuma ba da shaida a kan John Graham, Richard Marshall, da Arlo Looking Cloud. Shaidarta ta nuna Leonard Peltier a cikin kisan gillar jami'an [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|FBI]] guda biyu. Har ila yau, wasu Indiyawan Amurka sun hukunta ta saboda hadin kai da FBI.<ref name="Indigenous Women #22">{{Cite web |last=Pictou |first=Denise-Maloney |title=The Truth About Leonard |url=http://indigenouswomenforjustice.org/denise.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040402091115/http://indigenouswomenforjustice.org/denise.html |archive-date=April 2, 2004 |access-date=7 March 2016 |website=Indigenous Women for Justice}}</ref> Barry Bachrach, daya daga cikin lauyoyin kare Leonard Peltier, ya yi iƙirarin cewa Nichols ta karɓi kuɗi daga FBI don musayar shaidarta. A cewar Bachrach, "Wannan shari'ar ba komai bane face lalata. <ref name="Free Republic2">{{Cite web |last=Gease |first=Heidi Bell |date=5 February 2004 |title=Wife of AIM leader says Leonard Peltier admitted killing FBI agents |url=http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1072440/posts |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=Free Republic}}</ref> Sun horar da Kamook kuma ta yarda cewa FBI ta biya ta $ 40,000. Shaidarta bai kamata ta ga hasken rana ba. " <ref name="BBC2">{{Cite web |last=Summers |first=Chris |date=24 April 2004 |title=Native American prisoner to fight on |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3654785.stm |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=BBC}}</ref> [[Robert Robideau]], wanda ake tuhuma kuma dan uwan farko <ref name="In the Times2">{{Cite web |last=Frosch |first=Dan |date=18 March 2004 |title=The Truth About Leonard |url=http://inthesetimes.com/article/715/the_truth_about_leonard |access-date=7 March 2016 |website=JFAMR}}</ref> ga Leonard Peltier, ya kuma yi iƙirarin cewa Nichols ya karɓi $ 47,000.00 don ya ce Peltier ya yi alfahari game da kashe jami'ai biyu.<ref name="Portland Independent Media #12">{{Cite web |last=Claypoole |first=Antoinette Nora |date=16 May 2007 |title=Murder, Wrapped in a Blanket |url=http://portland.indymedia.org/en/2007/05/359558.shtml?discuss |access-date=6 March 2016 |website=Portland Independent Media |archive-date=8 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308131028/http://portland.indymedia.org/en/2007/05/359558.shtml?discuss |url-status=dead }}</ref> Akwai wasu da suka yi imanin Nichols-Ecoffey yana da dalilin kudi don yin ƙarya game da ayyukan da mambobin AIM suka yi.<ref name="AIM-West2">{{Cite web |date=12 May 2010 |title=FBI loses trial against former AIM member Richard Marshall |url=http://www.aim-west.org/#!FBI-loses-trial-against-former-AIM-member-Richard-Marshall/cay8/8C3FC35F-1375-450E-BBD0-9597CC0CA91B |access-date=7 March 2016 |website=AIM-West}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1955]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] nna94q4jzabvbln67dh6wxe6byctikh 0 111276 974903 691877 2026-11-01T16:20:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Annual_mean_precipitaion_finland.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara (%) a Finland a cikin 2000-2085 idan aka kwatanta da matsakaicin dabi'u a cikin 1971-2000, a ƙarƙashin abubuwan da suka faru na hanyoyin da aka tsara.]] [[Canjin yanayi]] yana da sakamako mai zurfi a kan yanayin halitta da mutanen [[Finland]]. Finland ta kasance daga cikin manyan masu fitar da iskar gas guda biyar a cikin shekara ta 2001, a kan kowane mutum. Kashewa ya karu zuwa tan miliyan 58.8 a cikin 2016.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Pipatti |first=Riitta |title=Statistics Finland - Greenhouse gases |url=https://www.stat.fi/til/khki/2016/khki_2016_2017-05-24_tie_001_en.html |access-date=2018-04-12 |website=www.stat.fi |language=en}}</ref> Finland tana buƙatar ninka sau uku na yanzu zuwa hayaki don zama [[Fitar da sifili|tsaka-tsaki na carbon]] a shekara ta 2035. Finland ta dogara da kwal da peat don makamashi, amma tana shirin fitar da kwal a shekara ta 2029. Finland tana da burin tsaka-tsaki na carbon a shekara ta 2035 ba tare da ƙididdigar carbon ba. Manufofin sun haɗa da [[Kare yanayi|kiyaye yanayi]], ƙarin saka hannun jari a cikin jiragen kasa, canje-canje a cikin haraji da ƙone katako mai ɗorewa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Darby |first=Megan |date=3 June 2019 |title=Finland to be carbon neutral by 2035. One of the fastest targets ever set |url=https://www.climatechangenews.com/2019/06/03/finland-carbon-neutral-2035-one-fastest-targets-ever-set |access-date=11 May 2020 |website=Climate Home News}}</ref> Bayan 2035 Finland za ta kasance carbon mara kyau, ma'ana tsoma carbon fiye da fitarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Finland will achieve carbon neutrality by 2035 |url=https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/partnership/?p=33186 |access-date=11 May 2020 |website=Sustainable Development Goals |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> == Rashin iskar gas == === Bayani na gaba ɗaya === ==== Kasar kasa ==== A cikin ₂, hayakin carbon dioxide na Finland ya kai tan miliyan 58.8; tan miliyan 1₂.5 kasa da adadin a cikin 1990. Koyaya, wannan adadi ya karu da kashi 6 cikin 100 daga ₂; duk da haka, har yanzu yana da kashi 18 cikin 100 ƙasa da na 1990. Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da ci gaban hayaki tsakanin ₂ da ₂ sune karuwar amfani da kwal da raguwar yawan man fetur da aka yi amfani da shi a sufuri. Rashin fitarwa ya karu a wasu bangarori. Wadannan bangarorin sun hada da makamashi, inda ya karu da kashi takwas cikin dari (ko tan miliyan 3.3 na CO2 daidai); hanyoyin masana'antu, inda amfani da samfurin ya karu da shekaru hudu cikin dari (ko tan miliyan 0.3 na CO2 daidaita). Rashin fitarwa daga aikin gona ya karu da kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari (ko 0.04 miliyan ton na CO2). Fitarwa daga sufuri ya karu da tan miliyan 1.5 na daidai da CO2, kuma daga samar da wutar lantarki da zafi, sun tashi da tan miliyan 1.4 na daidai daCO2.<ref name=":1"/> Kimanin kashi 60% na hayakin methane na ɗan adam na Finland - 3.17 MMTCO₂ - ya fito ne daga aikin gona (gwamnatin man fetur), sharar gida da tsarin iskar gas da mai. Yawancin ragowar sun fito ne daga fermentation.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Global Methane Initiative - Finland |url=https://www.globalmethane.org/partners/country.aspx?c=finland |access-date= |website=Global Methane Initiative |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208063252/https://globalmethane.org/partners/country.aspx?c=finland |archive-date=2019-12-08 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Babban abubuwan da ke canzawa don sauye-sauyen fitarwa na shekara-shekara shine amfani da kwal da peat. A shekara ta 2006 karuwar kwal mai wuya ya kasance kashi 92% bisa ga masana'antu (gami da masana'antar samar da makamashi) ya raba samar da wutar lantarki daga kwal mai wuya. A lokaci guda an kara yawan amfani da peat. Gundumar ta yi amfani da kashi 42% na kwal mai wuya a matsakaita daga 1990 zuwa 2006, amma bambancin shekara-shekara ya kasance karami idan aka kwatanta da masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki. {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="7" align="center" style="background-color: #cfb;" |Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Fuels |- |- ! style="background-color: #cfb;" | ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #cfb;" |dubu. t CO2 ! colspan="4" style="background-color: #cfb;" |% na burbushin burbushin halittu jimlar |- ! style="background-color: #cfb;" |Shekara ! style="background-color: #cfb;" |Biomass ! style="background-color: #cfb;" |Abubuwan da suka faru ! style="background-color: #cfb;" |Karfe ! style="background-color: #cfb;" |Mai ! style="background-color: #cfb;" |N. gas ! style="background-color: #cfb;" |Jirgin ƙasa |- | align="left" |1990 | align="right" |19.3 | align="right" |53.0 | align="right" |38 | align="right" |31 | align="right" |9 | align="right" |22 |- | align="left" |2000 | align="right" |29.4 | align="right" |53.1 | align="right" |37 | align="right" |26 | align="right" |15 | align="right" |22 |- | align="left" |2004 | align="right" |32.9 | align="right" |64.3 | align="right" |45 | align="right" |21 | align="right" |14 | align="right" |20 |- | align="left" |2005 | align="right" |30.7 | align="right" |52.8 | align="right" |35 | align="right" |25 | align="right" |16 | align="right" |24 |- | align="left" |2006 | align="right" |34.5 | align="right" |64.1 | align="right" |45 | align="right" |20 | align="right" |14 | align="right" |20 |- | align="left" |2007 | align="right" |33.0 | align="right" |61.8 | align="right" |45 | align="right" |21 | align="right" |13 | align="right" |21 |- | align="left" |2008 | align="right" |33.1 | align="right" |53.7 | align="right" |39 | align="right" |22 | align="right" |15 | align="right" |24 |- | colspan="7" align="left" |{{smalldiv|Coal: Hard coal, other coal and peat<br /> Other coal: coke, [[blast furnace gas]], coke oven gas, [[coal tar]], and other non-specified coal <br /> Oil: Heavy fuel oil, light fuel oil and other oil<br /> Natural gas<br /> Fossil traffic fuels: motor petrol, diesel and aviation petrol<br /> [[Biomass]]: black liquor and wood<br /> [[Greenhouse gas emissions]] have been published annually in April by Statistics Finland.}} |} {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="8" align="center" style="background-color: #cfb;" |Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Fuels: Coal |- ! style="background-color: #cfb;" | ! colspan="5" style="background-color: #cfb;" |dubu. t CO2 ! colspan="2" style="background-color: #cfb;" |% na jimlar burbushin halittu |- ! style="background-color: #cfb;" | ! style="background-color: #cfb;" |Abubuwan da suka faru ! style="background-color: #cfb;" |Karfe mai wuya ! style="background-color: #cfb;" |Sauran kwal ! style="background-color: #cfb;" |Peat ! style="background-color: #cfb;" |Jimlar kwal ! style="background-color: #cfb;" |Peat ! style="background-color: #cfb;" |Jimlar kwal |- | align="left" |1990 | align="right" |53.0 | align="right" |12 | align="right" |3 | align="right" |6 | align="right" |20.1 | align="right" |10.6 | align="right" |37.9 |- | align="left" |2000 | align="right" |53.1 | align="right" |9 | align="right" |4 | align="right" |7 | align="right" |19.4 | align="right" |12.2 | align="right" |36.5 |- | align="left" |2004 | align="right" |64.3 | align="right" |16 | align="right" |4 | align="right" |9 | align="right" |28.7 | align="right" |14.5 | align="right" |44.6 |- | align="left" |2005 | align="right" |52.8 | align="right" |8 | align="right" |4 | align="right" |7 | align="right" |18.3 | align="right" |13.6 | align="right" |34.7 |- | align="left" |2006 | align="right" |64.1 | align="right" |15 | align="right" |4 | align="right" |10 | align="right" |28.9 | align="right" |15.3 | align="right" |45.1 |- | align="left" |2007 | align="right" |61.8 | align="right" |13 | align="right" |4 | align="right" |11 | align="right" |27.4 | align="right" |17.3 | align="right" |44.3 |- | align="left" |2008 | align="right" |53.7 | align="right" |9 | align="right" |3 | align="right" |9 | align="right" |20.7 | align="right" |15.8 | align="right" |38.5 |- | colspan="8" align="left" |<small>Sauran kwal: coke, gas mai fashewa, gas mai cike da kwal, tar da sauran kwal da ba a bayyana ba</small> |} ==== Yankin ==== Rashin iskar gas a yankin Helsinki a cikin ₂ ya kasance tan miliyan 5 na CO₂, gami da sufuri, tan miliyan 1.4 da dumama, tan miliyan 2.6. Rashin iskar gas daga gini a yankin Helsinki a cikin 2017 ya kasance tan miliyan 2 CO2: fiye da daga sufuri kuma kusan sau 1.5 na fitar da iskar sufuri. Shekarar 2017 hayakin iskar gas idan aka kwatanta da 1990 sun kasance a Helsinki - 24%, Espoo + 8%, Vantaa +2% da Kauniainen -9%. Kimanin kashi 80% na hayaki sun fito ne daga dumama da sufuri. Rahoton taƙaitaccen ba ya haɗa da hayaki daga tafiye-tafiye na iska da gini ko kuma ya tabbatar da cewa waɗannan hayaki ba su da sha'awar canjin yanayi. Rahoton taƙaitaccen bai ƙayyade hayakin masana'antu na cikin gida a ƙasashen waje ba. Misali sayen [[Fortum]] na Uniper Germany na iya kara yawan hayaki na wannan kamfani sosai har hayaki na kasashen waje ya shafi canjin yanayi. Hedikwatar Fortum tana cikin Espoo Finland. == Manazarta == i34gifmf4uff6jn4x54swp6w071v92o 0 111546 975156 826599 2026-11-02T11:35:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975156 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} Eagle Forum kungiya ce mai ba da shawara [[Conservatism in the United States|mai ra'ayin mazan jiya]] a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] wacce [[Phyllis Schlafly]] ta kafa a shekarar 1972. Yana mai da hankali kan [[Social issue|Batutuwan zamantakewa]], yana da ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma yana bayyana kansa a matsayin mai [[Pro-family|goyon bayan iyali]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Reischman |first=Collin |date=2015-02-02 |title=Martin will not seek MRP Chairman post |url=https://themissouritimes.com/martin-will-not-seek-mrp-chairman-post/ |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=The Missouri Times |language=en}}</ref> Masu sukar sun bayyana shi a matsayin mai [[Antifeminism|adawa da mata]], mai adawa na LGBT, mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, da kuma dama. Kungiyar [[501(c) organization#501(c)(4)|501 (c) (4)]] ce, tana da alaƙa da Asusun Ilimi da Tsaro na Eagle Forum, wanda ba riba ba ne na 501 (C) (3), da kuma Kwamitin Ayyukan Siyasa na Eagle Forum (PAC). <ref name=":32">{{Cite court|url=https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/20/20-1026/167150/20210125151547390_ETF%20USPS%20Pet%20App.pdf}}</ref> Tana shirya Majalisar Eagle, horo na shekara-shekara ga masu magana da ra'ayin mazan jiya. Bayan Eagle Forum ya amince da Ted Cruz a zaben 2016, mambobin kwamitin, ciki har da Phyllis Schlafly, wanda ya goyi bayan yakin neman zaben shugaban kasa na Donald Trump na 2016 ya bar kungiyar kuma ya kafa Phyllis Schlefly Eagles, <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Moseley |first=Brandon |date=28 May 2020 |title=Phyllis Schlafly Eagles' President Ed Martin endorses Bill Hightower for Congress |url=https://www.alreporter.com/2020/05/28/phyllis-schlafly-eagles-president-ed-martin-endorses-bill-hightower-for-congress/ |access-date=12 March 2021 |website=Alabama Political Reporter}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=September 19, 2018 |title=Annual Eagle Council honors Phyllis Schlafly with three days of far-right conspiracy theories |url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2018/09/19/annual-eagle-council-honors-phyllis-schlafly-three-days-far-right-conspiracy-theories |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=Southern Poverty Law Center |language=en}}</ref> 501 (c) (4), da Phyllis schlafly's Eagle PAC. == Tarihi == A shekara ta 1967, Phyllis Schlafly ta ƙaddamar da Asusun Amincewa na Eagle don karɓar gudummawa da ke da alaƙa da abubuwan ra'ayin mazan jiya. Bayan shawarar 1972 na Kwaskwarimar Hakkin Haɗin Kai (ERA), Schlafly ta sake tsara ƙoƙarinta don kayar da tabbatar da ita, ta kafa ƙungiyar "Stop ERA" kuma ta fara Eagle Forum Newsletter . A shekara ta 1975, an sake sunan Stop ERA da Eagle Forum . <ref name="diamond" /> Taron Eagle ya kasance wani ɓangare na [[New Right#Second New Right|Sabon Dama]] a cikin shekarun 1970s, wanda ya jaddada batutuwan zamantakewa masu mahimmanci ga [[Christian right|Hakkin Kirista]] a cikin ƙungiyar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Meagher |first=Richard |date=2009-06-10 |title=Remembering the New Right: Political Strategy and the Building of the GOP Coalition |url=https://politicalresearch.org/2009/06/10/remembering-the-new-right-political-strategy-and-the-building-of-the-gop-coalition |journal=Political Research Associates |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Irin wannan rukuni, Mata masu damuwa don Amurka, an kafa su a 1979, kuma dukansu biyu sun girma bayan zaben [[Ronald Reagan]] a 1981. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cuniberti |first=Betty |date=1985-10-02 |title=Other Voices Crying Out Against the Feminists : Concerned Women for America at 2nd Convention Join Other Conservatives |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-10-02-vw-16246-story.html |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> An shirya Asusun Ilimi da Tsaro na Eagle Forum a cikin 1981 a matsayin reshe mai zaman kansa na Eagle Forum . <ref>{{Cite court|url=https://casetext.com/case/eagle-forum-v-phyllis-schlaflys-am-eagles-1}}</ref> Kungiyar agaji ce da za a iya cire haraji a karkashin lambar Internal Revenue Service (IRS). A shekara ta 1994, kwamitin siyasa na Eagle Forum ya tara $ 250,000 ga 'yan takarar Majalisar Dattijai da Majalisar Wakilai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rivenburg |first=Roy |date=1996-07-02 |title=Gale-Force Phyllis |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-07-02-ls-20341-story.html |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> A tsakiyar 2000s, Eagle Forum, tare da John Birch Society, sun tattara adawa mai ra'ayin mazan jiya ga abin da ake kira Tarayyar Arewacin Amurka da kuma Tsaro da Haɗin Kai na Arewacin Amurka. A sakamakon ayyukan kungiyoyi biyu, majalisun dokoki na jihohi 23 sun ga an gabatar da takardun kudi da ke Allah wadai da NAU yayin da aka hana gwamnatocin Bush da Obama "daga kowane babban shiri".<ref name="Pastor 2011 p.">{{Cite book|last3=Robert Pastor}}</ref> Membobin Eagle Forum sun yi aiki sau da yawa a cikin [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jam'iyyar Republican]]. Shugaban kungiyar Eagle Forum ta jihar Texas, [[Cathie Adams]], an nada shi a matsayin mata kwamitin Jamhuriyar Republican daga Texas a taron jihar a shekara ta 2008 sannan, a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2009, an zaba shi a matsayin shugaban rikon kwarya na [[Republican Party of Texas|Jam'iyyar Republican ta Texas]]. A cikin 2015, an nada Ed Martin don cin nasara Phyllis Schlafly a matsayin Shugaban Eagle Forum, amma an cire shi daga mukamin a cikin 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kohler |first=Jeremy |last2=Kroll |first2=Andy |date=2025-04-24 |title=The Untold Story of How Ed Martin Ghostwrote Online Attacks Against a Judge — and Still Became a Top Trump Prosecutor |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/ed-martin-trump-interim-dc-us-attorney-secret-judge-attacks |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250424100054/https://www.propublica.org/article/ed-martin-trump-interim-dc-us-attorney-secret-judge-attacks |archive-date=2025-04-24 |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=[[ProPublica]] |language=en}}</ref> === Phyllis Schlafly Eagles === Rikici tsakanin shugabannin Eagle Forum, gami da wasu daga cikin 'ya'yan Schlafly, ya haifar da fadace-fadacen kotu, tun daga shekarar 2016. <ref name="Bernthal 20162">{{Cite web |last=Bernthal |first=Jeff |date=April 26, 2016 |title=Eagle Forum split lands in court |url=https://fox2now.com/news/eagle-forum-split-lands-in-court/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429180405/http://fox2now.com/2016/04/26/eagle-forum-split-lands-in-court/ |archive-date=April 29, 2016 |access-date=May 28, 2024 |website=FOX 2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dunn |first=Rachael Herndon |date=2016-04-29 |title=Ed Martin tries to drag Roe into Eagle Forum mess |url=https://themissouritimes.com/ed-martin-tries-to-drag-roe-into-eagle-forum-mess/ |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=The Missouri Times |language=en}}</ref> Mambobin kwamitin da suka goyi bayan yakin neman zaben shugaban kasa na Donald Trump na 2016 sun bar kungiyar kuma sun kafa Phyllis Schlafly Eagles, wata kungiya ta 501 (c) (4) daban.<ref name=":52">{{Cite web |last=Moseley |first=Brandon |date=28 May 2020 |title=Phyllis Schlafly Eagles' President Ed Martin endorses Bill Hightower for Congress |url=https://www.alreporter.com/2020/05/28/phyllis-schlafly-eagles-president-ed-martin-endorses-bill-hightower-for-congress/ |access-date=12 March 2021 |website=Alabama Political Reporter}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite web |date=September 19, 2018 |title=Annual Eagle Council honors Phyllis Schlafly with three days of far-right conspiracy theories |url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2018/09/19/annual-eagle-council-honors-phyllis-schlafly-three-days-far-right-conspiracy-theories |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=Southern Poverty Law Center |language=en}}</ref> Phyllis Schlafly Eagles kuma ta kafa kwamitin siyasa, Phyllis Schlefly's Eagle PAC . <ref>{{Cite web |last=McDermott |first=Kevin |date=2016-09-13 |title=Eagle Forum board members accuse Martin of trying to 'monetize' Schlafly's name in wake of her death |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/government-politics/eagle-forum-board-members-accuse-martin-of-trying-to-monetize-schlaflys-name-in-wake-of/article_6dae1d45-e3b7-5452-ba4c-2ae4004ae58a.html |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914055455/https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/government-politics/eagle-forum-board-members-accuse-martin-of-trying-to-monetize-schlaflys-name-in-wake-of/article_6dae1d45-e3b7-5452-ba4c-2ae4004ae58a.html |archive-date=2024-09-14 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Shugabannin kungiyoyin sun kai wa juna karar kan amfani da jerin wasikun kungiyar, amfani da sunan Schlafly da hotonsa, da kuma batutuwan da suka shafi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kohler |first=Jeremy |date=October 22, 2016 |title=Judge orders shakeup of Schlafly's Eagle Forum |url=https://www.salina.com/story/news/politics/2016/10/22/judge-orders-shakeup-schlafly-s/21174921007/ |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=Salina Journal |language=en-US |agency=St. Louis Post-Dispatch}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannies |first=Jo |date=2017-01-03 |title=Battle over Phyllis Schlafly's legacy intensifies, with her children at the center |url=https://www.stlpr.org/government-politics-issues/2017-01-02/battle-over-phyllis-schlaflys-legacy-intensifies-with-her-children-at-the-center |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=STLPR |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2017, Eagle Forum ya bayyana cewa Ed Martin, John Schlafly, Andy Schlafly da Kathleen Sullivan ba su da wata alaƙa da Eagle Forum.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Montgomery |first=Peter |date=2018-07-27 |title=Eagle Forum Slams Competitor For Using Phyllis Schlafly Name While Supporting Pro-Choice Candidate |url=https://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/eagle-forum-slams-competitor-for-using-phyllis-schlafly-name-while-supporting-pro-choice-candidate/ |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=Right Wing Watch |language=en-US}}</ref> Ed Martin, shugaban Phyllis Schlafly Eagles da Eagle Forum Education & Legal Defense Fund, ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin darektan manufofin dandamali na [[Republican National Committee|Kwamitin Jamhuriyar Republican]] a shekarar 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannies |first=Jo |date=2017-01-03 |title=Battle over Phyllis Schlafly's legacy intensifies, with her children at the center |url=https://www.stlpr.org/government-politics-issues/2017-01-02/battle-over-phyllis-schlaflys-legacy-intensifies-with-her-children-at-the-center |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=St. Louis Public Radio (STLPR) |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":62">{{Cite web |last=Steakin |first=Will |last2=Kim |first2=Soo Rin |date=July 9, 2024 |title=Trump is trying to distance himself from Project 2025 -- but its architects helped shape his RNC party platform |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-distance-project-2025-architects-helped-shape-rnc/story?id=111759747 |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref> == Matsayi na siyasa da zamantakewa == Taron Eagle yana da hannu a cikin batutuwan masu ra'ayin mazan jiya. Taron Eagle yana tallafawa ilimin Ingilishi kawai a makarantu. Tana adawa da tallafin tarayya don Kula da rana da Ilimin jima'i. Schlafly ya bayyana taron Eagle a matsayin madadin 'yancin mata.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sullivan |first=Patricia |date=2016-09-05 |title=Phyllis Schlafly, political activist who helped push GOP to the right, dead at 92 |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2016/09/05/phyllis-schlafly-political-activist-who-helped-push-gop-to-the-right-dead-at-92/ |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=Chicago Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref> Yana adawa da batutuwan mata da yawa, waɗanda wanda ya kafa Phyllis Schlafly ya yi iƙirarin cewa "masu lalata sosai" kuma "sun lalata halayen 'yan mata da yawa". Kungiyar ta yi imani ne kawai a cikin iyali wanda ya kunshi uba, uwa da yara. Suna goyon bayan 'yancin mata na zaɓar zama "ma'aikatan gida na cikakken lokaci", kuma suna adawa da auren jinsi ɗaya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Join Eagle Forum and Phyllis Schlafly -- Join Eagle Forum so you will have a voice at the U.S. Capitol and at State Capitols |url=http://www.eagleforum.org/misc/descript.html |access-date=2015-12-02 |website=www.eagleforum.org}}</ref> Eagle Forum yana adawa da zubar da ciki. Ya kare matsin lamba don gwamnati ta cire kudade na Planned Parenthood . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Planned Parenthood's Odious Activities - Eagle Forum |url=http://www.eagleforum.org/publications/column/planned-parenthoods-odious-activities.html |access-date=2015-12-02 |website=Eagle Forum |language=en-US}}</ref> === Hamayya da ERA === [[Fayil:STOP_ERA.gif|thumb|Alamar da aka yi amfani da ita don alamomi da maɓallan abokan adawar ERA]] Bayan samun tallace-tallace don littafinta, A Choice, Not an Echo, Phyllis Schlafly ta fara gwagwarmayarta game da tabbatar da [[Kwaskwarimar Daidaita Hakki|Kwaskwarimar Daidaitaccen Hakki (ERA)]] . ERA ta wuce a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka da kuri'un 354 zuwa 23. Watanni biyar bayan haka, gyaran ya wuce a Majalisar Dattijai tare da kuri'un 84 zuwa 8, kuma mambobi 7 sun guje. Don a karbe shi cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki, dole ne kashi uku cikin hudu (38) na jihohi su tabbatar da gyare-gyaren. Daga nan Schlafly ta sake tsara kokarin ta don kayar da tabbatar da ita, ta kafa kungiyar "STOP ERA" kuma ta fara Eagle Forum Newsletter. An kafa STOP ERA a cikin fall of 1972 wata kungiya da aka sadaukar don cin nasarar Kwaskwarimar Hakkin Daidaitawa. Sunan kungiyar shine acronym don kalmar "Stop Taking Our Privileges". == Shirye-shirye da ayyukan == Tsaro yana da shirin "Teen Eagles" don yara masu shekaru 13-19, da kuma "Eagle Forum Collegians" don ɗaliban koleji masu ra'ayin mazan jiya. Dan Phyllis Schlafly, Andrew Schlafly، ya fara Conservapedia, aikin encyclopedia na wiki, tare da dalibai daga aikin "Eagle Forum University".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vettese |first=Troy |title=What's the Difference Between Wikipedia and Conservapedia? |url=https://www.historynewsnetwork.org/article/whats-the-difference-between-wikipedia-and-conserv |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=History News Network |language=en}}</ref> Har ila yau akwai surori na jihar na Taron Eagle, kamar Utah Eagle Forum karkashin jagorancin Gayle Ruzicka . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Schott |first=Bryan |date=January 10, 2022 |title=Eagle Forum conference helps inject fringe ideas into Utah’s political mainstream |url=https://www.sltrib.com/news/politics/2022/01/10/eagle-forum-conference/ |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=The Salt Lake Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=Doug |date=2004-11-07 |title=Eagle eye: Moral crusader Ruzicka wields 'phone tree' |url=https://www.deseret.com/2004/11/7/19859730/eagle-eye-moral-crusader-ruzicka-wields-phone-tree/ |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=Deseret News |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] i155uanauu9jpp4cf5bx196nftqlsqx 0 112301 974899 817696 2026-11-01T16:17:29Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:WFEO_logo.gif|thumb|Alamar WFEO]] Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Injiniya ta Duniya (Faransa: Federation Mondiale des Organisations d'Ingenieurs; '''WFEO''') ƙungiya ce ta ƙasa da ƙasa, mai zaman kanta da ke wakiltar aikin injiniya a duk duniya. An kafa shi a cikin 1968 ta ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyin injiniyoyi na yanki, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ƙungiyar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ([[UNESCO]]) a Paris, WFEO ƙungiya ce ta ƙasa da ba ta gwamnati ba wacce ke tattara ƙungiyoyin injiniya na ƙasa daga ƙasashe sama da 90 kuma tana wakiltar wasu injiniyoyi miliyan 20 daga ko'ina cikin duniya. WFEO wani bangare ne na tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a matsayin mai ba da agaji a cikin dangantakar hukuma da UNESCO (yanayin tarayya) tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, kuma a matsayin shiga cikin aikin manyan hukumomin ta, galibi Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Jama'a ta Majalisar Dinkinobho (ECOSOC) da hukumomin ta musamman, musamman Hukumar Raya Masana'antu ta Majalisar Dattijai, Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. A Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ECOSOC, WFEO ta hada kai tare da Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya da Babban Kungiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha. A cikin 2019, bisa ga shawarar da WFEO ta bayar, Babban Taron UNESCO ya amince da kirkirar Ranar Injiniya ta Duniya ta UNESCO don Ci Gaban Ci gaba, wanda za a yi bikin a ranar 4 ga Maris na kowace shekara. Tun daga wannan lokacin, WFEO tana daidaita bukukuwan da suka shafi duniya, ta hanyar membobinta da cibiyoyin haɗin gwiwa. == Tsarin, membobin, ayyukan == Hukumar kula da WFEO ita ce Babban Taron. Tsakanin tarurruka na Babban Taron, Majalisar Zartarwa ce ke jagorantar al'amuran Tarayyar. Kwamitin Zartarwa ne ke kula da kasuwancin Tarayyar, wanda Babban Darakta ke tallafawa. Ayyukan Babban Taron, Majalisar Zartarwa, ko Kwamitin Zartarwa suna faruwa ne ta hanyar kuri'un da suka fi yawa. Mambobin WFEO sun hada da cibiyoyin mambobi ɗari, gami da membobin ƙasa da ke wakiltar ƙasa, da membobin duniya da ke wakilci ko dai yanki ko nahiyar duniya, ko wakiltar reshe na aikin injiniya a sikelin duniya. === Kwamitocin Fasaha na Dindindin / Kwamitocin Aiwatar da Manufofin === Babban ayyukan WFEO a fannoni na musamman na injiniya ana gudanar da su ta kwamitocin su, waɗanda membobin ƙasa ke karɓar bakuncin su na tsawon shekaru huɗu. * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa * Gudanar da Hadarin Bala'i * Ilimi a Injiniya * Makamashi * Bayani da Sadarwa * Injiniya da Muhalli * Ginin Injiniya * Injiniya don Fasahar Sabuntawa * Ruwa * Mata a cikin Injiniya * Matasan Injiniyoyi / Shugabannin nan gaba === Taron da aka yi === Kungiyar WFEO tana haɗuwa a kowace shekara don Babban Taron ko Majalisar Zartarwa, da kuma tarurrukan Kwamitocin. Wadannan tarurruka an tsara su ne ta hanyar taro, inda injiniyoyi marasa alaƙa zasu iya shiga. Gabaɗaya ana gudanar da waɗannan tarurruka da tarurruka a watan Nuwamba. {| class="wikitable" |+Taron karshe !Shekara !Birni !Kasar !Sunan taron !Taken |- |2009 |Birnin Kuwait |Kuwait | |Sauran Aikace-aikacen Makamashi - Zaɓin ko Bukatar |- |2010 |Buenos Aires |Argentina |Makon Injiniya na Duniya (WEW) |Fasahar, Innovation da Production don Ci gaba mai dorewa |- |2011 |Geneva |Switzerland |Taron Injiniya na Duniya (WEC) | |- |2012 |Ljubljana |Slovenia |Taron Injiniya na Duniya (WEF) |Gine-gine mai dorewa ga mutane |- |2013 |Singapore |Singapore |Taron Injiniya na Duniya (WES) |Sabbin da Zaɓuɓɓuka Masu dorewa ga Canjin Yanayi |- |2014 |Abuja |Najeriya |Najeriya, Taron Injiniya na Duniya kan Infrastructure mai dorewa (WECSI) |Ci gaban ababen more rayuwa a Afirka |- |2015 |Kyoto |Japan |Taron Injiniya da Yarjejeniyar Duniya (WECC) |Injiniya: Innovation da Society |- |2016 |Lima |Peru |Taron Injiniya na Duniya kan Rage Hadarin Bala'i <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://wecdrr2016.cip.org.pe/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103042042/http://wecdrr2016.cip.org.pe/ |archive-date=3 January 2019 |access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> |Injiniya: Hadarin Bala'i |- |2017 |Roma |Italiya |Taron Injiniya na Duniya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Brochure |url=https://www.tuttoingegnere.it/images/eventi/2016/Allegato_1_Brochure_WEF_2017.pdf |access-date= |website=www.tuttoingegnere.it}}</ref> |Injiniya don al'adun bil'adama |- |2018 |Landan |Burtaniya |Taron Injiniya na Duniya <ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Engineering Congress &#124; Institution of Civil Engineers |url=https://www.ice.org.uk/eventarchive/global-engineering-congress |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116220824/https://www.ice.org.uk/eventarchive/global-engineering-congress |archive-date=16 November 2018 |access-date=16 November 2018}}</ref> |Injiniya don Manufofin Ci Gaban Ci gaba |- |2019 |Melbourne |Ostiraliya |Yarjejeniyar Injiniya ta Duniya <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2019 |title=World Engineers Convention 2019 contribution goes beyond the economic benefits |url=https://www.melbournecb.com.au/blog/post/world-engineers-convention-2019-contribution-goes-beyond-the-economic-benefits/ |website=melbournecb.com.au |access-date=9 August 2025 |archive-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310185341/https://www.melbournecb.com.au/blog/post/world-engineers-convention-2019-contribution-goes-beyond-the-economic-benefits/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |- |2022 |San Jose |Costa Rica |Taron Injiniyoyi na Duniya | |} === Shugabannin === Babban Taron ne ke zabar Shugaban WFEO na tsawon shekaru biyu, a cikin mahallin tsarin shugaban kasa / shugaban kasa / zababben shugaban kasa. {| class="wikitable" |+Shugabannin WFEO tun lokacin da aka kafa ta !Shekaru !Shugaban kasa !Kasar |- |1968–1974 |Eric Choisy |Switzerland |- |1975–1986 |Sadok Ben Jemaa |Tunisiya |- |1986–1991 |A.Y Ishlinsky |Rasha (USSR) |- |1991–1995 |William J. Caroll |US |- |1995–1999 |Conrado Bauer |Argentina |- |1999–2003 |José Medem |Spain |- |2003–2005 |Dato Lee Yee Cheong |Malaysia |- |2005–2007 |Kamel Ayadi |Tunisiya |- |2007–2009 |Barry Grear |Ostiraliya |- |2009–2011 |Maria Prieto Laffargue |Spain |- |2011–2013 |Adel Al-Kharafi |Kuwait |- |2013–2015 |Marwan Abdelhamid |Falasdinu |- |2015–2017 |Jorge Spitalnik |Brazil |- |2017–2019 |Marlene Kanga |Ostiraliya |- |2019–2021 |Gong Ke |China |- |2021–2023 |José Manuel Vieira |Portugal |- |2023–2025 |Mustafa Shehu |Najeriya |- |} == Mambobin kasa da kasa == * Majalisar Injiniyoyin Commonwealth (CEC) * [[Federation of Arab Engineers|Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Larabawa]] (FAE) * [[Federation of African Engineering Organizations|Tarayyar Kungiyoyin Injiniyan Afirka]] (FAEO) * Tarayyar Turai ta Ƙungiyar Injiniya ta Kasa (FEANI) * [[Federation of Engineering Institutions of South and Central Asi|Tarayyar Cibiyoyin Injiniya na Kudancin da Tsakiyar Asiya]] (FEISCA) * Tarayyar Cibiyoyin Injiniya na Asiya da Pacific (FEIAP) * Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Injiniyan Kiwon Lafiya da Biological (IFMBE) * Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Municipal ta Duniya (IFME) * [[Pan American Federation of Engineers Society|Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyi ta Pan American]] (UPADI) * Union of Scientific and Engineering Societies (USEA) * Majalisar Injiniyoyin Injiniya ta Duniya (WCCE) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|http://www.wfeo.net}} [[Category:Kungiyoyi ]] 0rrsnkl9bjb2u1imsspiqy31zuj9zi7 974900 974899 2026-11-01T16:17:39Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974900 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:WFEO_logo.gif|thumb|Alamar WFEO]] Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Injiniya ta Duniya (Faransa: Federation Mondiale des Organisations d'Ingenieurs; '''WFEO''') ƙungiya ce ta ƙasa da ƙasa, mai zaman kanta da ke wakiltar aikin injiniya a duk duniya. An kuma kafa shi a cikin 1968 ta ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyin injiniyoyi na yanki, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ƙungiyar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ([[UNESCO]]) a Paris, WFEO ƙungiya ce ta ƙasa da ba ta gwamnati ba wacce ke tattara ƙungiyoyin injiniya na ƙasa daga ƙasashe sama da 90 kuma tana wakiltar wasu injiniyoyi miliyan 20 daga ko'ina cikin duniya. WFEO wani bangare ne na tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a matsayin mai ba da agaji a cikin dangantakar hukuma da UNESCO (yanayin tarayya) tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, kuma a matsayin shiga cikin aikin manyan hukumomin ta, galibi Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Jama'a ta Majalisar Dinkinobho (ECOSOC) da hukumomin ta musamman, musamman Hukumar Raya Masana'antu ta Majalisar Dattijai, Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. A Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ECOSOC, WFEO ta hada kai tare da Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya da Babban Kungiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha. A cikin 2019, bisa ga shawarar da WFEO ta bayar, Babban Taron UNESCO ya amince da kirkirar Ranar Injiniya ta Duniya ta UNESCO don Ci Gaban Ci gaba, wanda za a yi bikin a ranar 4 ga Maris na kowace shekara. Tun daga wannan lokacin, WFEO tana daidaita bukukuwan da suka shafi duniya, ta hanyar membobinta da cibiyoyin haɗin gwiwa. == Tsarin, membobin, ayyukan == Hukumar kula da WFEO ita ce Babban Taron. Tsakanin tarurruka na Babban Taron, Majalisar Zartarwa ce ke jagorantar al'amuran Tarayyar. Kwamitin Zartarwa ne ke kula da kasuwancin Tarayyar, wanda Babban Darakta ke tallafawa. Ayyukan Babban Taron, Majalisar Zartarwa, ko Kwamitin Zartarwa suna faruwa ne ta hanyar kuri'un da suka fi yawa. Mambobin WFEO sun hada da cibiyoyin mambobi ɗari, gami da membobin ƙasa da ke wakiltar ƙasa, da membobin duniya da ke wakilci ko dai yanki ko nahiyar duniya, ko wakiltar reshe na aikin injiniya a sikelin duniya. === Kwamitocin Fasaha na Dindindin / Kwamitocin Aiwatar da Manufofin === Babban ayyukan WFEO a fannoni na musamman na injiniya ana gudanar da su ta kwamitocin su, waɗanda membobin ƙasa ke karɓar bakuncin su na tsawon shekaru huɗu. * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa * Gudanar da Hadarin Bala'i * Ilimi a Injiniya * Makamashi * Bayani da Sadarwa * Injiniya da Muhalli * Ginin Injiniya * Injiniya don Fasahar Sabuntawa * Ruwa * Mata a cikin Injiniya * Matasan Injiniyoyi / Shugabannin nan gaba === Taron da aka yi === Kungiyar WFEO tana haɗuwa a kowace shekara don Babban Taron ko Majalisar Zartarwa, da kuma tarurrukan Kwamitocin. Wadannan tarurruka an tsara su ne ta hanyar taro, inda injiniyoyi marasa alaƙa zasu iya shiga. Gabaɗaya ana gudanar da waɗannan tarurruka da tarurruka a watan Nuwamba. {| class="wikitable" |+Taron karshe !Shekara !Birni !Kasar !Sunan taron !Taken |- |2009 |Birnin Kuwait |Kuwait | |Sauran Aikace-aikacen Makamashi - Zaɓin ko Bukatar |- |2010 |Buenos Aires |Argentina |Makon Injiniya na Duniya (WEW) |Fasahar, Innovation da Production don Ci gaba mai dorewa |- |2011 |Geneva |Switzerland |Taron Injiniya na Duniya (WEC) | |- |2012 |Ljubljana |Slovenia |Taron Injiniya na Duniya (WEF) |Gine-gine mai dorewa ga mutane |- |2013 |Singapore |Singapore |Taron Injiniya na Duniya (WES) |Sabbin da Zaɓuɓɓuka Masu dorewa ga Canjin Yanayi |- |2014 |Abuja |Najeriya |Najeriya, Taron Injiniya na Duniya kan Infrastructure mai dorewa (WECSI) |Ci gaban ababen more rayuwa a Afirka |- |2015 |Kyoto |Japan |Taron Injiniya da Yarjejeniyar Duniya (WECC) |Injiniya: Innovation da Society |- |2016 |Lima |Peru |Taron Injiniya na Duniya kan Rage Hadarin Bala'i <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://wecdrr2016.cip.org.pe/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103042042/http://wecdrr2016.cip.org.pe/ |archive-date=3 January 2019 |access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> |Injiniya: Hadarin Bala'i |- |2017 |Roma |Italiya |Taron Injiniya na Duniya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Brochure |url=https://www.tuttoingegnere.it/images/eventi/2016/Allegato_1_Brochure_WEF_2017.pdf |access-date= |website=www.tuttoingegnere.it}}</ref> |Injiniya don al'adun bil'adama |- |2018 |Landan |Burtaniya |Taron Injiniya na Duniya <ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Engineering Congress &#124; Institution of Civil Engineers |url=https://www.ice.org.uk/eventarchive/global-engineering-congress |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116220824/https://www.ice.org.uk/eventarchive/global-engineering-congress |archive-date=16 November 2018 |access-date=16 November 2018}}</ref> |Injiniya don Manufofin Ci Gaban Ci gaba |- |2019 |Melbourne |Ostiraliya |Yarjejeniyar Injiniya ta Duniya <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2019 |title=World Engineers Convention 2019 contribution goes beyond the economic benefits |url=https://www.melbournecb.com.au/blog/post/world-engineers-convention-2019-contribution-goes-beyond-the-economic-benefits/ |website=melbournecb.com.au |access-date=9 August 2025 |archive-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310185341/https://www.melbournecb.com.au/blog/post/world-engineers-convention-2019-contribution-goes-beyond-the-economic-benefits/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |- |2022 |San Jose |Costa Rica |Taron Injiniyoyi na Duniya | |} === Shugabannin === Babban Taron ne ke zabar Shugaban WFEO na tsawon shekaru biyu, a cikin mahallin tsarin shugaban kasa / shugaban kasa / zababben shugaban kasa. {| class="wikitable" |+Shugabannin WFEO tun lokacin da aka kafa ta !Shekaru !Shugaban kasa !Kasar |- |1968–1974 |Eric Choisy |Switzerland |- |1975–1986 |Sadok Ben Jemaa |Tunisiya |- |1986–1991 |A.Y Ishlinsky |Rasha (USSR) |- |1991–1995 |William J. Caroll |US |- |1995–1999 |Conrado Bauer |Argentina |- |1999–2003 |José Medem |Spain |- |2003–2005 |Dato Lee Yee Cheong |Malaysia |- |2005–2007 |Kamel Ayadi |Tunisiya |- |2007–2009 |Barry Grear |Ostiraliya |- |2009–2011 |Maria Prieto Laffargue |Spain |- |2011–2013 |Adel Al-Kharafi |Kuwait |- |2013–2015 |Marwan Abdelhamid |Falasdinu |- |2015–2017 |Jorge Spitalnik |Brazil |- |2017–2019 |Marlene Kanga |Ostiraliya |- |2019–2021 |Gong Ke |China |- |2021–2023 |José Manuel Vieira |Portugal |- |2023–2025 |Mustafa Shehu |Najeriya |- |} == Mambobin kasa da kasa == * Majalisar Injiniyoyin Commonwealth (CEC) * [[Federation of Arab Engineers|Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Larabawa]] (FAE) * [[Federation of African Engineering Organizations|Tarayyar Kungiyoyin Injiniyan Afirka]] (FAEO) * Tarayyar Turai ta Ƙungiyar Injiniya ta Kasa (FEANI) * [[Federation of Engineering Institutions of South and Central Asi|Tarayyar Cibiyoyin Injiniya na Kudancin da Tsakiyar Asiya]] (FEISCA) * Tarayyar Cibiyoyin Injiniya na Asiya da Pacific (FEIAP) * Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Injiniyan Kiwon Lafiya da Biological (IFMBE) * Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Municipal ta Duniya (IFME) * [[Pan American Federation of Engineers Society|Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyi ta Pan American]] (UPADI) * Union of Scientific and Engineering Societies (USEA) * Majalisar Injiniyoyin Injiniya ta Duniya (WCCE) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|http://www.wfeo.net}} [[Category:Kungiyoyi ]] elpsuj0n1t6gfwa238cmkhiavc1uk6l 974901 974900 2026-11-01T16:17:51Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974901 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:WFEO_logo.gif|thumb|Alamar WFEO]] Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Injiniya ta Duniya (Faransa: Federation Mondiale des Organisations d'Ingenieurs; '''WFEO''') ƙungiya ce ta ƙasa da ƙasa, mai zaman kanta da ke wakiltar aikin injiniya a duk duniya. An kuma kafa shi a cikin 1968 ta ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyin injiniyoyi na yanki, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ƙungiyar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ([[UNESCO]]) a Paris, WFEO ƙungiya ce ta ƙasa da ba ta gwamnati ba wacce ke tattara ƙungiyoyin injiniya na ƙasa daga ƙasashe sama da 90 kuma tana wakiltar wasu injiniyoyi miliyan 20 daga ko'ina cikin duniya. WFEO wani bangare ne na tsarin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a matsayin mai ba da agaji a cikin dangantakar hukuma da UNESCO (yanayin tarayya) tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, kuma a matsayin shiga cikin aikin manyan hukumomin ta, galibi Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Jama'a ta Majalisar Dinkinobho (ECOSOC) da hukumomin ta musamman, musamman Hukumar Raya Masana'antu ta Majalisar Dattijai, Shirin Muhalli na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. A Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ECOSOC, WFEO ta hada kai tare da Majalisar Kimiyya ta Duniya da Babban Kungiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha. A cikin shekarar 2019, bisa ga shawarar da WFEO ta bayar, Babban Taron UNESCO ya amince da kirkirar Ranar Injiniya ta Duniya ta UNESCO don Ci Gaban Ci gaba, wanda za a yi bikin a ranar 4 ga Maris na kowace shekara. Tun daga wannan lokacin, WFEO tana daidaita bukukuwan da suka shafi duniya, ta hanyar membobinta da cibiyoyin haɗin gwiwa. == Tsarin, membobin, ayyukan == Hukumar kula da WFEO ita ce Babban Taron. Tsakanin tarurruka na Babban Taron, Majalisar Zartarwa ce ke jagorantar al'amuran Tarayyar. Kwamitin Zartarwa ne ke kula da kasuwancin Tarayyar, wanda Babban Darakta ke tallafawa. Ayyukan Babban Taron, Majalisar Zartarwa, ko Kwamitin Zartarwa suna faruwa ne ta hanyar kuri'un da suka fi yawa. Mambobin WFEO sun hada da cibiyoyin mambobi ɗari, gami da membobin ƙasa da ke wakiltar ƙasa, da membobin duniya da ke wakilci ko dai yanki ko nahiyar duniya, ko wakiltar reshe na aikin injiniya a sikelin duniya. === Kwamitocin Fasaha na Dindindin / Kwamitocin Aiwatar da Manufofin === Babban ayyukan WFEO a fannoni na musamman na injiniya ana gudanar da su ta kwamitocin su, waɗanda membobin ƙasa ke karɓar bakuncin su na tsawon shekaru huɗu. * Yaki da cin hanci da rashawa * Gudanar da Hadarin Bala'i * Ilimi a Injiniya * Makamashi * Bayani da Sadarwa * Injiniya da Muhalli * Ginin Injiniya * Injiniya don Fasahar Sabuntawa * Ruwa * Mata a cikin Injiniya * Matasan Injiniyoyi / Shugabannin nan gaba === Taron da aka yi === Kungiyar WFEO tana haɗuwa a kowace shekara don Babban Taron ko Majalisar Zartarwa, da kuma tarurrukan Kwamitocin. Wadannan tarurruka an tsara su ne ta hanyar taro, inda injiniyoyi marasa alaƙa zasu iya shiga. Gabaɗaya ana gudanar da waɗannan tarurruka da tarurruka a watan Nuwamba. {| class="wikitable" |+Taron karshe !Shekara !Birni !Kasar !Sunan taron !Taken |- |2009 |Birnin Kuwait |Kuwait | |Sauran Aikace-aikacen Makamashi - Zaɓin ko Bukatar |- |2010 |Buenos Aires |Argentina |Makon Injiniya na Duniya (WEW) |Fasahar, Innovation da Production don Ci gaba mai dorewa |- |2011 |Geneva |Switzerland |Taron Injiniya na Duniya (WEC) | |- |2012 |Ljubljana |Slovenia |Taron Injiniya na Duniya (WEF) |Gine-gine mai dorewa ga mutane |- |2013 |Singapore |Singapore |Taron Injiniya na Duniya (WES) |Sabbin da Zaɓuɓɓuka Masu dorewa ga Canjin Yanayi |- |2014 |Abuja |Najeriya |Najeriya, Taron Injiniya na Duniya kan Infrastructure mai dorewa (WECSI) |Ci gaban ababen more rayuwa a Afirka |- |2015 |Kyoto |Japan |Taron Injiniya da Yarjejeniyar Duniya (WECC) |Injiniya: Innovation da Society |- |2016 |Lima |Peru |Taron Injiniya na Duniya kan Rage Hadarin Bala'i <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://wecdrr2016.cip.org.pe/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103042042/http://wecdrr2016.cip.org.pe/ |archive-date=3 January 2019 |access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> |Injiniya: Hadarin Bala'i |- |2017 |Roma |Italiya |Taron Injiniya na Duniya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Brochure |url=https://www.tuttoingegnere.it/images/eventi/2016/Allegato_1_Brochure_WEF_2017.pdf |access-date= |website=www.tuttoingegnere.it}}</ref> |Injiniya don al'adun bil'adama |- |2018 |Landan |Burtaniya |Taron Injiniya na Duniya <ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Engineering Congress &#124; Institution of Civil Engineers |url=https://www.ice.org.uk/eventarchive/global-engineering-congress |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116220824/https://www.ice.org.uk/eventarchive/global-engineering-congress |archive-date=16 November 2018 |access-date=16 November 2018}}</ref> |Injiniya don Manufofin Ci Gaban Ci gaba |- |2019 |Melbourne |Ostiraliya |Yarjejeniyar Injiniya ta Duniya <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2019 |title=World Engineers Convention 2019 contribution goes beyond the economic benefits |url=https://www.melbournecb.com.au/blog/post/world-engineers-convention-2019-contribution-goes-beyond-the-economic-benefits/ |website=melbournecb.com.au |access-date=9 August 2025 |archive-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310185341/https://www.melbournecb.com.au/blog/post/world-engineers-convention-2019-contribution-goes-beyond-the-economic-benefits/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |- |2022 |San Jose |Costa Rica |Taron Injiniyoyi na Duniya | |} === Shugabannin === Babban Taron ne ke zabar Shugaban WFEO na tsawon shekaru biyu, a cikin mahallin tsarin shugaban kasa / shugaban kasa / zababben shugaban kasa. {| class="wikitable" |+Shugabannin WFEO tun lokacin da aka kafa ta !Shekaru !Shugaban kasa !Kasar |- |1968–1974 |Eric Choisy |Switzerland |- |1975–1986 |Sadok Ben Jemaa |Tunisiya |- |1986–1991 |A.Y Ishlinsky |Rasha (USSR) |- |1991–1995 |William J. Caroll |US |- |1995–1999 |Conrado Bauer |Argentina |- |1999–2003 |José Medem |Spain |- |2003–2005 |Dato Lee Yee Cheong |Malaysia |- |2005–2007 |Kamel Ayadi |Tunisiya |- |2007–2009 |Barry Grear |Ostiraliya |- |2009–2011 |Maria Prieto Laffargue |Spain |- |2011–2013 |Adel Al-Kharafi |Kuwait |- |2013–2015 |Marwan Abdelhamid |Falasdinu |- |2015–2017 |Jorge Spitalnik |Brazil |- |2017–2019 |Marlene Kanga |Ostiraliya |- |2019–2021 |Gong Ke |China |- |2021–2023 |José Manuel Vieira |Portugal |- |2023–2025 |Mustafa Shehu |Najeriya |- |} == Mambobin kasa da kasa == * Majalisar Injiniyoyin Commonwealth (CEC) * [[Federation of Arab Engineers|Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Larabawa]] (FAE) * [[Federation of African Engineering Organizations|Tarayyar Kungiyoyin Injiniyan Afirka]] (FAEO) * Tarayyar Turai ta Ƙungiyar Injiniya ta Kasa (FEANI) * [[Federation of Engineering Institutions of South and Central Asi|Tarayyar Cibiyoyin Injiniya na Kudancin da Tsakiyar Asiya]] (FEISCA) * Tarayyar Cibiyoyin Injiniya na Asiya da Pacific (FEIAP) * Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Injiniyan Kiwon Lafiya da Biological (IFMBE) * Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Municipal ta Duniya (IFME) * [[Pan American Federation of Engineers Society|Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyi ta Pan American]] (UPADI) * Union of Scientific and Engineering Societies (USEA) * Majalisar Injiniyoyin Injiniya ta Duniya (WCCE) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|http://www.wfeo.net}} [[Category:Kungiyoyi ]] iap5eqa0hqkpnga12cpdtwhsby5lne5 0 113215 974928 900003 2026-11-01T17:13:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Caroline King-Okumu''' (née King) ita ce manajan damar ci gaba ta kasa da kasa don Cibiyar Muhalli da Hydrology ta [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Caroline King-Okumu |url=https://www.ceh.ac.uk/staff/caroline-king |access-date=30 July 2020 |website=UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology}}</ref> Ta kasance tsohuwar mai bincike ga Cibiyar Muhalli da Ci Gaban Duniya (IIED). Manyan fannoni na bincike sune yanayin halittu, kimanta tattalin arziki da muhalli, da [[Canjin yanayi]]. An dauke ta kwararre ce ta kasa da kasa kan kula da ƙasa da ruwa, musamman aikin gona na busassun ƙasa.<ref name="Bose">{{Cite web |last=Bose |first=Purabi |date=February 6, 2015 |title=Action Plan for Drylands Dialogue and Social Diversity |url=https://ciat.cgiar.org/dapa-2/action-plan-for-drylands-dialogue-and-social-diversity |website=CIAT: International Center for Tropical Agriculture |access-date=August 11, 2025 |archive-date=October 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022024323/https://ciat.cgiar.org/dapa-2/action-plan-for-drylands-dialogue-and-social-diversity |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''Sarki'''-Okumu yana zaune ne a [[Kenya]] amma yana da hannu a cikin bincike da ayyukan a duk faɗin duniya.<ref name="Nexus">{{Cite web |date=2014-06-25 |title=List Of Speakers - International Conference on Water Food Energy Nexus in Drylands |url=http://www.ocppc.ma/articles/list-speakers-international-conference-water-food-energy-nexus-drylands |access-date=21 October 2016 |website=OCP Policy Center |archive-date=2018-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506204559/http://www.ocppc.ma/articles/list-speakers-international-conference-water-food-energy-nexus-drylands |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyuka == King-Okumu ya yi aiki tare da Jami'ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNU), Yarjejeniyar Majalissar Dinkinobho don Yaki da Yaki (UNCCD), <ref name="IIED">{{Cite web |title=Caroline King-Okumu |url=http://www.iied.org/users/caroline-king-okumu |access-date=20 October 2016 |website=International Institute for Environment and Development}}</ref> da Cibiyar Nazarin Aikin Gona ta Duniya a Yankunan Dry (ICARDA). <ref name="ICARDA">{{Cite web |last=King |first=Caroline |date=2013 |title=Water & Livelihoods Initiative |url=http://www.icarda.org/wli/pdfs/FirthRegionalCoordinationMeeting/Introduction_WLIRegionalAgenda_11_05.pdf |website=ICARDA}}</ref> Ta tuntubi kungiyar Ecosystems and Human Development Association (EHDA) kuma ta kasance Mataimakin Bincike na Ziyarci a Makarantar Geography da Muhalli a [[Jami'ar Oxford]]. <ref name="Jaafar">{{Cite journal |last=King |first=Caroline |last2=Jaafar |first2=Hadi |date=22 April 2015 |title=Rapid assessment of the water–energy–food–climate nexus in six selected basins of North Africa and West Asia undergoing transitions and scarcity threats |journal=International Journal of Water Resources Development |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=343–359 |doi=10.1080/07900627.2015.1026436}}</ref> A baya, ta kasance babban mai bincike a cikin ƙungiyar binciken Canjin Yanayi na Cibiyar Muhalli da Ci Gaban Duniya (IIED) <ref name="IIED"/> <ref name="Toulmin">{{Cite web |last=Toulmin |first=Camilla |last2=Hesse |first2=Ced |last3=Tari |first3=Daoud |last4=King–Okumu |first4=Caroline |title=Investing in institutional 'software' to build climate resilience |url=http://www.aglobalvillage.org/journal/online/iied/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811040306/http://aglobalvillage.org/journal/online/iied/ |archive-date=August 11, 2015 |access-date=21 October 2016 |website=A Global Village}}</ref> Da ke zaune a London, Ingila, IIED kungiya ce ta kasa da kasa da ke da hannu a cikin manufofi da bincike don tallafawa ci gaban gida mai ɗorewa a ƙasashe a [[Afirka]], [[Asiya]], Latin Amurka, [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]] da [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]]. <ref name="About">{{Cite web |title=About us |url=http://www.iied.org/about |access-date=20 October 2016 |website=International Institute for Environment and Development}}</ref> Sarki-Okumu ya yi nazarin hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su don gudanar da ruwa da ƙasa a cikin yanayin halittu na busasshiyar ƙasa, da kuma hanyoyin kimanta tattalin arziki da muhalli don lissafin farashin lalacewar ruwa. Ta karfafa shirye-shirye don yanke shawara a cikin mahallin la'akari na dogon lokaci na karuwar bambancin yanayi da canjin yanayi. Ta yi aiki don bunkasa haɗin gwiwa a cikin ƙasa wanda ke shiga gwamnati, cibiyoyin bincike, kungiyoyin jama'a da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, don tallafawa ayyuka masu ɗorewa da daidaitawa na al'umma da haɓaka ƙarfin canjin yanayi.[ yayi nazarin yanayi dangane da haɗin ruwa, makamashi, da damuwa game da samar da abinci maimakon mayar da hankali kawai kan ma'aunin ruwa da samar da kayan abinci.<ref name="Jaafar"/> Tana amfani da dabaru iri-iri daga nesa don saka idanu kan muhalli, zuwa zurfin lura da bincike tare da mutanen yankin.<ref name="Salem">{{Cite journal |last=King |first=Caroline |last2=Salem |first2=Boshra |date=9 May 2012 |title=A Socio-Ecological Investigation of Options to Manage Groundwater Degradation in the Western Desert, Egypt |journal=Ambio |volume=41 |issue=5 |pages=490–503 |doi=10.1007/s13280-012-0255-8 |pmc=3390576 |pmid=22569842}}</ref> Binciken ta ya haɗa da gwaje-gwaje na kula da bakin teku mai ɗorewa a Asiya da Pacific, <ref name="Adeel">{{Cite journal |last=King |first=C |last2=Adeel |first2=Z |date=July 2002 |title=Strategies for sustainable coastal management in Asia and the Pacific—perspectives from a regional initiative |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_global-environmental-change-human-and-policy-dimensions_2002-07_12_2/page/139 |journal=Global Environmental Change |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=139–142 |doi=10.1016/S0959-3780(02)00007-9}}</ref> gudanar da ruwa ga masu samar da citrus na Masar a yammacin Delta, hamada a Arewacin [[Sahara]], <ref name="Thomas">{{Cite journal |last=King |first=Caroline |last2=Thomas |first2=David S.G. |date=April 2014 |title=Monitoring environmental change and degradation in the irrigated oases of the Northern Sahara |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260044003 |journal=Journal of Arid Environments |volume=103 |pages=36–45 |doi=10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.12.009 |access-date=21 October 2016}}</ref> lalacewar ruwan ƙasa a Yammacin Yamma, <ref name="Salem"/> da tasirin manufofi na gida akan gudanar da kiwo a Isiolo County, Kenya.<ref name="economics">{{Cite web |last=King-Okumu |first=Caroline |date=2015-04-22 |title=The economics of local adaptation in the dryland ecosystems of Isiolo County |url=http://www.iied.org/economics-local-adaptation-dryland-ecosystems-isiolo-county |access-date=21 October 2016 |website=International Institute for Environment and Development}}</ref> Ta kuma bayar da rahoto game da tasirin rikici a [[Siriya]] akan aikin gona a cikin Orontes Basin . <ref name="Zurayk">{{Cite journal |last=Jaafar |first=Hadi H. |last2=Zurayk |first2=Rami |last3=King |first3=Caroline |last4=Ahmad |first4=Farah |last5=Al-Outa |first5=Rami |date=23 March 2015 |title=Impact of the Syrian conflict on irrigated agriculture in the Orontes Basin |journal=International Journal of Water Resources Development |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=436–449 |doi=10.1080/07900627.2015.1023892}}</ref> Sarki-Okumu ya shiga cikin G20 Water Policy Workshop a kan ''Ruwa mai aminci da tsabtace muhalli ga kowa'' (2004). An yi amfani da rahoton don tallafawa shawarwari don taron koli na shugabannin duniya na L20 don tattauna ruwa mai aminci. Sarki-Okumu ya yi aiki tare da [[Boshra Salem]] da sauransu a kan aikin Gudanarwa mai dorewa na Marginal Drylands (SUMAMAD) don [[UNESCO]].<ref name="King2">{{Cite web |last=King |first=Caroline |title=Fourth Project Workshop Sustainable Management of Marginal Drylands (SUMAMAD) Islamabad (Pakistan) 26 January to 1 February 2006 |url=http://inweh.unu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/4th-Project-Workshop-Islamabad-Pakistan-January-2006.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101153311/http://inweh.unu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/4th-Project-Workshop-Islamabad-Pakistan-January-2006.pdf |archive-date=1 January 2018 |access-date=10 July 2016 |website=United Nations University}}</ref> Ta gabatar a The future of drylands (Tunis, Tunisia, 2006), wani taron kasa da kasa da UNESCO da wasu kungiyoyi 20 suka shirya a matsayin wani ɓangare na Shekarar Kasa da Kasa ta [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] don tantance shekaru 50 da suka gabata na binciken wuraren bushe da kuma gano fifiko don ci gaba na gaba. <ref name="UNESCO2">{{Cite web |last=Seely |first=Mary |title=Session 8: Education and Knowledge Sharing in Dryland |url=http://www.unesco.org/science/doc/mab/tunisia/Finalreport_Session8.pdf |website=UNESCO}}</ref> Ta gabatar a wasu tarurruka ciki har da ''Taron Ci gaban Dryland na Duniya na goma sha ɗaya: Canjin yanayi na Duniya da tasirinsa akan abinci da tsaro na makamashi a cikin wuraren da ba su da ruwa'' (Beijing, China, 2013) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=Eleventh International Dryland Development Conference: Global climate change and its impact on food & energy security in the drylands |url=http://www.drylanddevelop.org/uploads/6/1/7/8/61785389/eleventh.pdf |website=International Drylands Development Commission (IDDC) |access-date=2025-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250906203022/https://www.drylanddevelop.org/uploads/6/1/7/8/61785389/eleventh.pdf |archive-date=2025-09-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref> da Taron Duniya kan Nexus na Ruwa-Food-Energy a Drylands (Rabat, Morocco, 2014). <ref name="Nexus"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] m7oox0hjkj3kje746kd8fgp2pruuffy 0 114095 974782 707345 2026-11-01T13:28:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Boli Khela''' ko '''Bali Khela'''<ref name=lapedia>{{cite book |last=Haque |first=Mahbubul |year=2012 |chapter=Bali Khela |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Bali_Khela |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |access-date=2025-08-15 |archive-date=2025-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251207023221/https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Bali_Khela |url-status=dead}}</ref> ( Chittagonian ) wani nau'i ne na kokawa na gargajiya a Bangladesh, musamman shahararru a yankin [[Chittagong]] wanda aka yi la'akari da shi a matsayin wasan kasa na gundumar. Wani nau'i ne na wasanni na fama da ya haɗa da dabaru irin su clinch fada, jefawa da cirewa, makullin haɗin gwiwa, fil da sauran riko.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=DgNuAAAAMAAJ&q=boli+khela Bangladesh. Ministry of Cabinet Affairs, Establishment Division]</ref> Yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin al'adun [[Chittagong]] . Wasan motsa jiki, wanda aka gudanar a watan farko na shekarar Bengali na ranar 7th, koyaushe yana faruwa a Madarsha Union kamar yadda Mokkaro boli khela & wannan watan na 12th, koyaushe yana faruwa a Laldighi Maidan a matsayin Jabbarer Boli khela.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jabbar-er Boli Khela and Baishakhi Mela in Chittagong |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=136182 |newspaper=The Daily Star |date=28 April 2010 |access-date=8 June 2013 |archive-date=29 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129034325/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=136182 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Magana == '''Boli''' yana nufin ɗan kokawa ko mutum mai ƙarfi a cikin Chittagonian, yayin da '''Khela''' ke nuni da wasa. Don haka, Boli Khela na nufin wasan mutum mai iko. <ref name=daily-sun.com>{{cite news |title=Jobbarer Boli Khela begins April 25 |url=http://www.daily-sun.com/details_yes_22-04-2013_Jobbarer-Boli-Khela-begins-April-25_475_1_10_1_5.html |newspaper=Daily Sun |location=Dhaka |date=22 April 2013 |access-date=8 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103163020/http://www.daily-sun.com/details_yes_22-04-2013_Jobbarer-Boli-Khela-begins-April-25_475_1_10_1_5.html |archive-date=3 November 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Haque, Mahbubul (2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20251207023221/https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Bali_Khela "Bali Khela"].<ref name=lapedia/> == Tarihi == An gabatar da Boli Khela a cikin ƙarni na 19 na karshe ta Kader Boxo. Ya kasance mai gida kuma mazaunin Satkania Upazila a ƙarƙashin Madarsha Union a gundumar [[Chittagong]] . An ba da rahoton cewa, ya fara a shekara ta 1879, a cikin watan farko na kowace shekara, ya karɓi kuɗaɗe daga masu haya ya shirya wasan boli khela. Bayan mutuwarsa, 7 ga watan Boishakh, watan farko na shekarar kalandar Bengali, an fara kiransa "Mokkaro Boli Khela" Wani dan kasuwa na ƙarni na 20, Abdul Jabbar Saodagor daga Chittagong, ya shirya wasan boli khela a shekara ta 1907 don bunkasa wasan da zai shirya matasa don yakar mulkin Birtaniya. Yaƙin neman zaɓe ya fara ne a ƙarshen [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|yakin duniya na farko]] amma ya ragu a ƙarshen [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]] .<ref name="independent">{{cite news |last=Zaman |first=Jaki |title=Jabbarer Boli Khela: Better Than WWE |url=http://theindependentbd.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=168299:jabbarer-boli-khela-better-than-wwe&catid=175:weekend-independent&Itemid=213 |newspaper=The Independent |location=Dhaka |date=10 May 2013 |access-date=8 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104225255/http://theindependentbd.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=168299%3Ajabbarer-boli-khela-better-than-wwe&catid=175%3Aweekend-independent&Itemid=213 |archive-date=4 November 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="thedailystar.net">{{cite news |title=Jabbarer Boli Khela tomorrow |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/jabbarer-boli-khela-tomorrow/ |newspaper=The Daily Star |date=24 April 2013 |access-date=8 June 2013}}</ref> A cikin 2020 da 2021, ba a gudanar da taron ba saboda yanayin cutar ta Covid. Bayan shekaru biyu akan 24 Afrilu 2022 bugu na 113 sannan bugu na 114 na tarihi Jobbarer Boli Khela, nau'in kokawa na gargajiya, ya faru a Chattogram akan 25 Afrilu 2023.<ref name="tbsnews.net">{{cite news |title=Jabbarer Boli Khela on 25 April |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/jabbarer-boli-khela-25-april-612938 |newspaper=The Business Standard |date=7 April 2023 |access-date=26 October 2023}}</ref> == Shiga == Fage ko dai madauwari ce ko murabba'i, wanda ya auna aƙalla ƙafa goma sha huɗu zuwa ashirin. Maimakon yin amfani da tabarma na zamani, 'yan kokawa na Boli suna horarwa da yin fafatawa a kan datti. An fara wasan a cikin filin kokawa mai yashi.<ref name=archive.thedailystar>{{cite news |title=Didar, Marma Singh Tripura joint champions |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=33825 |newspaper=The Daily Star |date=26 April 2008 |access-date=12 September 2013 |archive-date=3 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103092622/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=33825 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kowace shekara, Boli Khela yana jan hankalin sababbin masu shiga da magoya baya saboda jin dadin wasanni ba kawai yaduwa ga masu sha'awar gida ba amma yana ƙarfafa masu yawon bude ido zuwa Bangladesh damar samun hangen nesa na wani abu mai ban sha'awa da ban mamaki.<ref name=thedailystar.net /> == Dokoki == An fara taron ne da rana cikin yanayi na biki tare da kaɗe-kaɗe na 'Dabor' (nau'in gandun jama'a ɗaya) da 'Sanai' ( sarewa ta jama'a).<ref name=thedailystar/> Kowane wasa yana ɗaukar kusan mintuna 25-30 amma idan duka masu fafatawa sun yarda, ana iya tsawaita tsawon wasan na ƙarshe har zuwa mintuna 10-15.<ref name=archive.thedailystar/> == Gasa == • Mokkar Boli Khela • [[Jobbarer Boli khela|mai aiki Boli kela]] == Manyan kwararru == * Didar Boli, dan kasuwa ne daga Omkhali a karkashin Ramu upazila a gundumar Cox's Bazar<ref name=independent/> * Oli Hossain na gundumar Brahmanbaria.<ref name=thedailystar>{{cite news |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Pranabesh |last2=Chowdhury |first2=Tymur Jahan |title=Grocer Oli new champ |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=231654 |newspaper=The Daily Star |date=26 April 2012 |access-date=11 September 2013 |archive-date=3 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103092531/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=231654 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Marma Singh, babban mai kula da ofishin 'yan sanda na Gulshan a [[Dhaka]].<ref name=independent-bangladesh>{{cite news |title=Grocer Oli new champ |url=http://www.independent-bangladesh.com/200804264769/events/didar-boli-marma-singh-joint-champions.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517053444/http://www.independent-bangladesh.com/200804264769/events/didar-boli-marma-singh-joint-champions.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=17 May 2008 |newspaper=Bangladesh News |date=26 April 2008 |access-date=12 September 2013}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Kabaddi]] * Lathi kela == Manazarta == ib9k8u6vhl5g2vne3joz7fa7p66sjcp 0 118543 974719 898944 2026-11-01T12:13:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974719 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Beef-grading-screenshot_-_Flickr_-_USDAgov.jpg|thumb|275x275px|Hoton allo daga tsarin rarraba na lantarki wanda ke nuna USDA Choice, Yield Grade 2 beef. Hagu shine ra'ayi na launi na halitta na yanke; dama shine ra'ayin ingantaccen kayan aiki wanda ke ba da cikakkun bayanai game da adadin marmara, girman, da kauri mai.]] [[Fayil:SortingPotatoStrips.jpg|thumb|275x275px|Shirye-shiryen gani yana samun ba mai lalacewa ba, binciken kashi 100 cikin dari a layi a cikakkun ƙididdigar samarwa.]] '''Binciken [[abinci]]''' ya haɗa da dubawa, kimantawa da rarraba abinci daban-daban game da inganci, sabo, daidaito na doka da darajar kasuwa.<ref name="FPE">Saravacos, George D.; Maroulis, Zacharias B. (2011).[https://books.google.com/books?id=ODV-USDSPoIC&pg=PA198 ''Food Process Engineering Operations'']. CRC Press. pp. 198–199. {{ISBN|1439877858}}</ref><ref name="Sivasankar">Sivasankar, B. (2002). [https://books.google.com/books?id=tbxGHBUY0BcC&pg=PA175 ''Food Processing and Preservation'']. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. pp. 175–177. {{ISBN|8120320867}}</ref> Sau da yawa ana yin gyare-gyaren abinci da hannu, inda ake kimanta abinci da rarraba shi.<ref name="FPE" /><ref name="Sivasankar" /> Hakanan ana amfani da injuna don daidaita abinci, kuma yana iya haɗawa da rarraba kayayyaki ta girman, siffar da inganci.<ref name="FPE" /><ref name="Sivasankar" /> Misali, ana iya amfani da injuna don cire abincin da aka lalata daga sabon samfurin.<ref name="FPE" /><ref name="Sivasankar" /> == Ta hanyar nau'in abinci == === Naman shanu === [[Fayil:Beef_inspection_USDA.jpg|thumb|Jikin naman sa da aka bincika ta USDA]] Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka (USDA) ne ke yin darajar naman sa a Amurka. <ref>Parker, R.O. (2001).[https://books.google.com/books?id=kouqQnLl7V4C&pg=PA272 ''Introduction to Food Science''].Cengage Learning. pp. 272–277. {{ISBN|0766813142}}</ref> Akwai maki takwas na ingancin naman sa, tare da Firayim Minista na Amurka shine mafi girman matsayi kuma Canner na Amurka shine Mafi ƙasƙanci. Gudanar da naman sa tsari ne mai rikitarwa. === Biya === A cikin ƙididdigar giya, ana amfani da harafin "X" a kan wasu giya, kuma a al'adance alama ce ta ƙarfin giya, tare da ƙarin Xs mafi ƙarfin. Wasu kafofin sun nuna cewa asalin alamar ya kasance a cikin wuraren giya na Masallatai na zamani.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=eHArQOTf_WQC&dq=xxx+beer+strength&pg=PA34 Beer: Health and Nutrition], Charles W. Bamforth, Blackwell Science Ltd 2004 {{ISBN|0-632-06446-3}} p.34</ref> Wani bayani mai yiwuwa yana ƙunshe a cikin wani littafi mai taken "The Art of Brewing" [[Landan]] aka buga a London a 1829. Ya ce: "Ayyukan da aka yi a kan giya da giya, waɗanda aka fara sanyawa a cikin 1643... a wani lokaci, don rarrabe tsakanin ƙaramin giya da mai ƙarfi, duk giya ko giya, ana siyarwa a ko sama da shillings goma a kowace ganga, an ɗauka suna da ƙarfi kuma, sabili da haka, an sanya su aiki mafi girma. Kwandon da ke ƙunshe da wannan giya mai ƙarfi an fara alama da X wanda ke nuna goma; sabili da nan ƙungiyoyin da ke yanzu kamar XX (X) da XXX (ƙasa X) a kan kwalliya da asusun X mai ƙarfi-mai ƙarfi-mai yawa). "[2]''sabili da haka, an sanya shi aiki mafi girma. Kayan da ke dauke da wannan giya mai ƙarfi an fara alama da X wanda ke nuna goma; sabili da haka ƙungiyoyin da ke cikin XX (X biyu) da XXX (X mai ƙarfi) a kan kwalliya da asusun masu shayarwa masu ƙarfi. "'' A tsakiyar karni na 19 a Ingila, amfani da "X" da sauran haruffa sun samo asali ne a cikin tsarin daidaitawa don ƙarfin giya. A yau, ana amfani da shi azaman Alamar kasuwanci ta masu shayarwa da yawa a Ingila, [[Kasashen common wealth|Commonwealth]] da [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. Ƙididdigar ƙarancin Turai, sau da yawa ana taƙaita shi azaman EBU, sikelin ne don auna ƙarancin ƙarancin [[giya]], <ref> {{Cite web |last=Lehigh Valley Homebrewers |year=2007 |title=Beer and Brewing Glossary |url=http://www.lehighvalleyhomebrewers.org/glossary.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924090107/http://www.lehighvalleyhomebrewers.org/glossary.html |archive-date=24 September 2008 |access-date=5 August 2009 |quote=IBUs (International Bittering Units) – The accepted worldwide standard for measuring bitterness in beer, also known as EBU, based on the estimated alpha acid percentage of the hops used and the length of time they are boiled.}} </ref> tare da ƙarancin dabi'u gabaɗaya "ƙananan ƙarancin" da ƙimar da ta fi girma "mafi ƙarancin". Sikeli da hanyar an bayyana su ta Yarjejeniyar Brewery ta Turai, kuma darajar lambobi ya kamata ta zama daidai da na sikelin Bitterness Units na Duniya (IBU), wanda aka bayyana a cikin hadin gwiwa tare da American Society of Brewing Chemists . <ref>{{Cite web |last=European Brewery Convention |title=The Analysis Committee |url=http://www.europeanbreweryconvention.org/EBCmain/commiteesgroups/index.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519041640/http://www.europeanbreweryconvention.org/EBCmain/commiteesgroups/index.php |archive-date=19 May 2009 |access-date=5 August 2009 |quote=The EBC Analysis Committee also works closely together with the 'American Society of Brewing Chemists' (ASBC) to establish so-called 'International methods' with world-wide recognition of applicability. A partnership declaration between EBC and ASBC has been signed. The integration of the IOB methods of analysis and EBC methods is nearing completion.}}</ref> Koyaya, ainihin tsari na ƙayyade ƙimar EBU da IBU ya bambanta dan kadan, wanda zai iya haifar da ka'idar ƙaramin ƙimar EBu fiye da IBU.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ajdelange |date=11 June 2009 |title=Difference between IBU and EBU |url=http://www.thebrewingnetwork.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=154352&sid=1f23ea6112f01fe3ce1695b960d7bd16#p154352 |access-date=5 August 2009 |quote=Because the absorption decreases pretty quickly with time at the completion of extraction the EBC reported value will, in general, be a little smaller than ASBC reported value unless the beer requires centrifugation. For all practical considerations the two systems should give the same results. |archive-date=16 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116081256/http://www.thebrewingnetwork.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=154352&sid=1f23ea6112f01fe3ce1695b960d7bd16#p154352 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ƙididdigar Ƙananan Ƙananan Ƙasashen Duniya, ko kuma kawai sikelin IBU, yana ba da ma'auni na ƙishirwa na [[giya]], wanda aka bayar da shi ta hanyar hops da aka yi amfani da shi yayin yin giya. Ana auna raka'a masu ƙishirwa ta hanyar amfani da spectrophotometer da cirewa. === Butter === === Madara ta kwakwa === Akwai matakai da yawa na madarar kwakwa: daga kauri a 20-22% mai zuwa kauri a 5-7% mai. === Kofi === [[Fayil:Coffee_Beans_closeup.jpg|thumb|Kofi mai duhu]] Masu [[shuka]] kofi, 'yan kasuwa, da masu shayarwa suna ba da gudummawa bisa ga girman, launi, da sauran halaye iri-iri. Ana sayar da kofi masu inganci a matsayin "kayan kofi na musamman" kuma suna samun farashi mafi girma a kasuwar duniya. Bayan gasa, ƙaddamar da kofi ya haɗa da kimantawa na launin iri na kofi da aka gasa sannan kuma lakafta shi azaman haske, matsakaici haske, matsakaicin duhu, duhu, ko duhu sosai. Hanyar da ta fi dacewa don gano matakin gasa ta haɗa da auna hasken da aka nuna daga tsaba da aka gasa da aka haskaka tare da tushen haske a cikin bakan infrared na kusa. Wannan ma'aunin haske yana amfani da tsari da aka sani da spectroscopy don dawo da lambar da ke nuna matakin dangi na kofi da aka gasa ko ci gaban dandano. === Kwai === A Amurka, USDA ce ke yin grading kwai, kuma ya dogara ne akan ingancin ciki na kwai (duba Haugh unit) da kuma bayyanar da yanayin kwai. Kwayoyin kowane inganci na iya bambanta da nauyi (girma). Ana yin grading kwai ta hanyar candling, wanda ya haɗa da lura da ciki na kwai ta wurin sanya su a gaban haske mai haske.<ref name="Sivasankar"/> === Kifi === Za'a iya auna sabuntawar kifi ta amfani da sikelin sabuntawa na Torry, bisa ga kimantawa na ƙanshi, dandano, da kuma bayyanar kifi gaba ɗaya, wanda aka kara da ma'aunin lantarki. An fara haɓaka sikelin ne a 1953 a Cibiyar Bincike ta Torry na Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Tsakiya a Burtaniya. === Gwarg === Gudanar da gum na Guar ya haɗa da bincike don launi, viscosity, danshi, granulation, abun ciki na furotin da ash mai narkewa. === Zuma === Ana yin darajar zuma a Amurka da son rai bisa ga ka'idodin USDA (USDA tana ba da dubawa da darajar "kamar yadda aka yi a kan layi (a cikin shuka) ko bincike mai yawa...a kan aikace-aikace, a kan biyan kuɗi-don sabis". Ana rarraba zuma bisa ga dalilai da yawa, gami da abun ciki na ruwa, dandano da ƙanshi, rashin lahani da haske. Ana kuma rarraba zuma ta launi kodayake ba wani abu ne a cikin sikelin grading ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United States Standards for Grades of Extracted Honey |url=http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDocName=STELDEV3011895 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315015648/http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDocName=STELDEV3011895 |archive-date=15 March 2014 |access-date=11 May 2010 |publisher=USDA}}</ref> Matsakaicin ƙudan zuma na Amurka shine Grade A, Grade B, Grade C da Grade substandard. [[Fayil:Homarus_americanus.jpg|thumb|lobster da aka dafa]] A cikin Amurka, ƙaddamar da lobster ya haɗa da nuna lobsters a matsayin sabon harsashi, hard-shell ko tsohuwar harsashi. Sabon shell lobsters suna da takarda-taken shells da kuma mafi munin nama-shell rabo, amma nama yana da daɗi sosai. Koyaya, lobsters suna da matukar damuwa har ma da sufuri zuwa Boston kusan ya kashe su, yana sa kasuwa don sabbin lobsters na gida sosai ga garuruwan kamun kifi inda aka sauke su. Lobsters masu tsayi tare da harsashi mai tsayi, amma tare da nama mara daɗi, na iya tsira daga jigilar kaya zuwa Boston, New York har ma da Los Angeles, don haka suna da umarni mafi girma fiye da sabon lobsters. A halin yanzu, tsoffin lobsters, waɗanda ba su zubar ba tun lokacin da ya gabata kuma suna da ɗanɗano mai ƙyama, ana iya jigilar su a ko'ina cikin duniya kuma su zo da rai, suna mai da su mafi tsada. Ɗaya daga cikin jagororin kifi ya lura cewa abincin dare na lobster na dala takwas a gidan cin abinci da ke kallon tashar kamun kifi a Maine yana da daɗi koyaushe, yayin da "lobster na dala tamanin a cikin gidan cin abinci na Paris mai taurari uku zai iya zama game da gabatarwa kamar dandano". === Maple syrup === Bayan kokarin da Cibiyar Maple Syrup ta Duniya (IMSI) da kungiyoyi masu samar da syrup da yawa, Kanada da Amurka sun canza dokokinsu game da rarraba syrup don zama iri ɗaya. Ganin cewa a baya kowace jiha ko lardin tana da dokokinta game da rarraba [[Maple syrup|syrup na maple]], yanzu waɗannan dokoki suna bayyana tsarin daidaitawa. Wannan ya kasance aikin da ke ci gaba na shekaru da yawa, kuma mafi yawan kammala sabon tsarin grading an yi shi ne a cikin 2014. Hukumar Binciken Abinci ta Kanada ta sanar a cikin Canada Gazette a ranar 28 ga Yuni 2014 cewa za a yi gyare-gyare don sayar da syrup na maple don haɗawa da sabbin masu bayyanawa, bisa buƙatar IMSI. Ya zuwa 31 ga Disamba 2014, Hukumar Binciken Abinci ta Kanada (CFIA) <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2014 |title=Harper Government Strengthens Competitiveness of Canada's Maple Syrup Industry |url=http://www.internationalmaplesyrupinstitute.com/uploads/7/0/9/2/7092109/nr_-_maple_regs_cgii_mino_approved_final_en_1_4.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506214908/http://www.internationalmaplesyrupinstitute.com/uploads/7/0/9/2/7092109/nr_-_maple_regs_cgii_mino_approved_final_en_1_4.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2016 |access-date=10 March 2015 |publisher=Canadian Food Inspection Agency}}</ref> kuma ya zuwa 2 ga Maris 2015, Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka (USDA) Ofishin Binciken Aikin Goma (AMS) <ref name="usda.gov">{{Cite web |date=2 March 2015 |title=United States Standards for Grades of Maple Syrup |url=http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDocName=STELDEV3011897 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403064522/http://ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDocName=STELDEV3011897 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |publisher=US Department of Agriculture}}</ref> ta ba da ka'idojin da aka sake fasalin su kan rarraba syrup kamar haka: * Matsayi A Golden Color da Mai Laushi Amber Launi da Rich Taste Dark Launi da Robust Taste Very Dark Launi ** Launi na Zinariya da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano ** Amber Launi da Kyau Mai Kyau ** Launi mai duhu da dandano mai ƙarfi ** Launi mai duhu da dandano mai ƙarfi * Matsayi na sarrafawa * Rashin daidaito Muddin syrup na maple ba shi da ɗanɗano kuma yana da launi iri ɗaya kuma mai tsabta kuma ba shi da turbidity da sediment, ana iya lakafta shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin maki A. Idan yana nuna kowanne daga cikin waɗannan matsalolin, ba ya cika buƙatun Grade A kuma dole ne a lakafta shi azaman Processing Grade maple syrup kuma ba za a iya sayar da shi a cikin kwantena da suka fi lita 5.<ref name="usda.gov"/> Idan syrup na maple bai cika bukatun Processing Grade maple syrup ba (ciki har da ɗanɗano na maple mai kyau), ana rarraba shi azaman Ƙananan.<ref name="usda.gov" /> Ya zuwa watan Fabrairun 2015, an yarda da wannan tsarin kimantawa kuma ya zama doka ta yawancin jihohi da larduna masu samar da katako, ban da Ontario, Quebec, da [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]]. Vermont, a kokarin "farawa" da sabbin ka'idojin grading, sun karɓi sabon tsarin grading tun daga 1 ga Janairun 2014, bayan canje-canjen digiri sun wuce Majalisar Dattijai da Majalisar a cikin 2013. Maine ta zartar da lissafin da zai fara aiki da zaran Kanada da Amurka sun karɓi sabbin maki. Suna ba da izinin shekara guda. A New York, sabbin canje-canjen digiri sun zama doka a ranar 1 ga Janairun 2015, tare da lokacin alheri na shekara guda. [[New Hampshire]] ba ta buƙatar amincewar majalisa don haka sabbin dokokin digiri sun zama masu tasiri tun daga ranar 16 ga Disamba 2014, kuma ana buƙatar bin mai samarwa tun daga ranar 1 ga Janairun 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2015 |title=United States Standards for Grades of Maple Syrup |url=http://www.internationalmaplesyrupinstitute.com/downloadable-resources.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301215424/http://www.internationalmaplesyrupinstitute.com/downloadable-resources.html |archive-date=1 March 2015 |access-date=10 March 2015 |publisher=International Maple Syrup Institute}}</ref> Matsayi na zinariya da Amber yawanci suna da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano fiye da Dark da Very dark, waɗanda dukansu duhu ne kuma suna da ɗan'uwan maple mai ƙarfi.<ref name="dnr">{{Cite web |title=Frequently Asked Questions |url=https://maple.dnr.cornell.edu/FAQ.htm |access-date=22 September 2010 |publisher=Cornell Sugar Maple Research & Extension Program |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050208045151/http://maple.dnr.cornell.edu/FAQ.htm |archive-date=8 February 2005 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ana amfani da nau'ikan syrup masu duhu da farko don dafa abinci da yin burodi, kodayake ana samar da wasu syrups masu duhu na musamman don amfani da tebur. Syrup da aka girbe a baya a cikin kakar yana samar da launi mai haske. Tare da sabon tsarin grading, rarrabawar syrup na maple ya dogara da ƙarshe akan watsawa na ciki a 560 nm wavelength ta hanyar samfurin 10 mm. Golden dole ne ya sami fiye da kashi 75 cikin dari na watsawa, Amber dole ne ya kasance da kashi 50.0 zuwa 74.9 cikin dari na aikawa, Dark dole ne ya zama 25.0 zuwa 49.9 cikin dari, kuma Very Dark duk wani samfurin ne kasa da kashi 25.0 cikin dari na nunawa.<ref name="usda.gov"/>&nbsp;&nbsp; ==== Tsohon tsarin grading ====   == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rhcqudx8okk3zxocnyxzdy6ley1m28x 0 120440 975039 790134 2026-11-01T21:23:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975039 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cibiyar Bayanai ta Jami'o'in [[Sudan]]''' (SUIN) ita ce Cibiyar bincike da ilimi ta kasa a Sudan. A shekarar 2004, an fara kafa SUIN kuma an haɓaka shi a ƙarƙashin laimar Ma'aikatar Ilimi mafi girma da Binciken Kimiyya. Tun daga farkon watan Oktoba na shekarar 2009, SUIN tana aiki ne a karkashin laimar Association of Sudanese Universities, wanda kungiya ce mai zaman kanta (NGO) ga dukkan cibiyoyin ilimi da bincike na Sudan. An sanya hannu kan MoU tsakanin jami'o'i talatin (membobin ASU), tare da babban burin goyon bayan kafa SUIN a matsayin ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta doka.<ref name="suin">{{Cite web |date=2009-06-03 |title=The Sudanese Universities Information Network - Home |url=http://www.suin.edu.sd/ |access-date=2010-02-11 |publisher=SUIN |archive-date=2010-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124095918/http://www.suin.edu.sd/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>  == Tarihi == Cibiyar Bayanai ta Jami'o'in Sudan (SUIN) ta fara ne a shekara ta 2004 a matsayin wani shiri a karkashin Ma'aikatar Ilimi mafi girma, wanda aka ƙaddamar da shi a matsayin ɗakin karatu na Sudanese Virtual Library (SUVL). <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Rohrer |first=Chris |title=NUANCE – September 2008 – Ubuntunet Alliance |url=https://ubuntunet.net/projects/nuance-september-2008/ |access-date=2025-07-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> Manufarta ita ce inganta damar samun abubuwan ilimi a fadin jami'o'in jama'a 30 ta amfani da cibiyar sadarwar da aka haɗa ta hanyar uwar garken tsakiya a Jami'ar Khartoum. Jami'o'i sun ba da gudummawa sama da bayanan dijital 250,000, kuma SUVL ya ba da damar yin amfani da dandamali na ilimi na duniya kamar WHO Hinari, AGORA, da Oxford University Press. A wannan lokacin, bangaren sadarwa na Sudan, gami da Sudatel da Canar Telecom, sun shimfiɗa kayan aikin fiber mai yawa amma ba a amfani da su ba a duk faɗin ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Abdelrahim O. |first=MOHAMED |title=SUVL, SUIN and SudRen; the history of the Sudanese Education Network |url=https://africarxiv.ubuntunet.net/server/api/core/bitstreams/3a439355-2dc2-4579-b014-783a8f91d7c4/content |access-date=8 July 2025 |website=Ubuntunet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250722190911/https://africarxiv.ubuntunet.net/server/api/core/bitstreams/3a439355-2dc2-4579-b014-783a8f91d7c4/content |archive-date=22 July 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Don yin amfani da wannan ababen more rayuwa, an sake fasalin SUVL zuwa SUIN, tare da manufar gina cibiyar bincike da ilimi ta ƙasa (NREN). Ta hanyar samun tallafi daga Hukumar Kula da Sadarwa ta Kasa (NTC), SUIN ta haɗa jami'o'i 12 tsakanin shekarar 2008-2009 kuma ta karɓi 15 Mbps na intanet ɗin da aka raba ta hanyar cibiyar sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa (NOC) a Jami'ar Khartoum.<ref name=":0"/> Babban haɓakawa ya biyo baya a cikin shekarar 2011 tare da haɗin 155 Mbps STM-1 daga Sudatel. Mulki ya sauya daga ma'aikatar zuwa kungiyar Jami'o'in Sudan (ASU) a 2009, kuma a cikin 2010 SUIN ta sami lasisin ISP. Don daidaitawa da sauran NREN na Afirka a cikin UbuntuNet Alliance, SUIN an sake masa suna SudREN<ref>{{Cite web |last=Abdelrahim O. |first=MOHAMED |title=SUVL, SUIN and SudRen; the history of the Sudanese Education Network |url=https://africarxiv.ubuntunet.net/server/api/core/bitstreams/3a439355-2dc2-4579-b014-783a8f91d7c4/content |access-date=8 July 2025 |website=Ubuntunet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250722190911/https://africarxiv.ubuntunet.net/server/api/core/bitstreams/3a439355-2dc2-4579-b014-783a8f91d7c4/content |archive-date=22 July 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Samar da haɗin kai tsakanin cibiyoyin bincike da ilimi na Sudan, tare da sauran NRENs a Afirka da sauran duniya.<ref name="OBJECTIVES">{{Cite web |date=2009-06-03 |title=Objectives |url=http://www.suin.edu.sd/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=50 |access-date=2010-02-11 |publisher=Sudanese Universities Information Network |archive-date=2010-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100127091750/http://www.suin.edu.sd/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=50 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ƙarin manufofi suna da niyyar haɓaka raba ilimi da haɗin gwiwa don bincike, ilimi da ayyukan ci gaba. == Babban burin == Shi ne inganta cibiyar sadarwa ta bincike da ilimi tsakanin cibiyoyin ilimi da bincike ta hanyar tara albarkatu da raba farashin software da sabis na e-services.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-08-09 |title=The Sudanese Universities Information Network - Overall Goal |url=http://www.suin.edu.sd/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3&Itemid=51 |access-date=2010-02-11 |publisher=SUIN |archive-date=2010-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100127091755/http://www.suin.edu.sd/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=3&Itemid=51 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tushen == *   0kcruqu30t1bdab6knrpm27hkcfpa4c 0 121250 975073 838569 2026-11-01T23:39:46Z Alfurqan 14918 975073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Yajin aikin yankin Cajamarca na 2025 ya fara ne a ranar 6 ga Oktoba a Cajamarca a Peru, wanda Rondas campesinas ya kira don nuna adawa da rashin tsaro, watsi da ayyukan more rayuwa da kuma yaki da hako ma'adinai ba bisa ka'ida ba. == Jerin lokaci == === 1 ga Oktoba === A Jaén Kungiyar Rondas Campesinas da Sufuri sun kira yajin aikin yanki na ranar 6 ga Oktoba, Wakilin masu jigilar kayayyaki na M1, Wincler Delgado, ya tabbatar da shigar da sassan jigilar M1, M2 da M3.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Perú |first=Red de Medios Regionales |date=2025-10-02 |title=Paro regional en el nororiente este 6 de octubre contra el MTC por abandono de obras y otros temas (VIDEO) {{!}} Inforegión |url=https://inforegion.pe/paro-regional-en-el-nororiente-este-6-de-octubre-contra-el-mtc-por-abandono-de-obras-y-otros-temas-video/ |access-date=2025-10-11 |language=es}}</ref> Shugaban Federación de Rondas Campesinas de Cajamarca, Johan Fernández, ya ayyana cewa dandalin gwagwarmaya yana mai da hankali kan bukatar kammala babbar hanyar Saliyo a sassanta Chiple –Cutervo –Cochabamba, Lajas – Chota, Bambamarca – Cajamarca, Cajabamba – Cajamarcay –Chovoyape. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-03 |title=ANUNCIAN BLOQUEO DE VIAS DURANTE PARO REGIONAL DE CAJAMARCA QUE INICIA EL 6 DE OCTUBRE {{!}} Andina Radio - Chota la más informativa de la Región |url=https://andinaradio.net/2025/10/03/anuncian-bloqueo-de-vias-durante-paro-regional-de-cajamarca-que-inicia-el-6-de-octubre/ |access-date=2025-10-11 |language=es}}</ref> === 6 ga Oktoba === An bayar da rahoton toshewa a kan babbar hanyar Chiple - Cutervo da Bellavista - Jaén, a Cutervo Rondas Campesinas an gano kuma an tsare jami'an 'yan sanda na ɓoye, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Perú |first=Red de Medios Regionales |date=2025-10-06 |title=Paro en Cajamarca: Bloqueos en Chiple-Cutervo y Bellavista-Jaén, con fuerte presencia de ronderos en Chamaya (VIDEO) {{!}} Inforegión |url=https://inforegion.pe/paro-en-cajamarca-bloqueos-en-chiple-cutervo-y-bellavista-jaen-con-fuerte-presencia-de-ronderos-en-chamaya-video/ |access-date=2025-10-11 |language=es}}</ref> 'yan sanda ta ƙasar Peru sun tura ayyukan sintiri. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Perú 21 |date=2025-10-06 |title=Cajamarca: ronderos bloquean carreteras y declaran paro regional indefinido |url=https://peru21.pe/peru/cajamarca-ronderos-bloquean-carreteras-y-declaran-paro-regional-indefinido/ |access-date=2025-10-11 |website=peru21.pe |language=es}}</ref> === 7 ga Oktoba === Sakataren kungiyar Federación Regional de Rondas Campesinas de Cajamarca, Juan Carlos Guevara, ya yi nuni da cewa yajin aikin yankin da aka kira ya yi tasiri sosai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Medios |first=Monitoreo |title=Paro Regional en Cajamarca tuvo alta convocatoria de la población |url=https://monitoreocajamarcamedios.com/paro-regional-en-cajamarca-tuvo-alta-convocatoria-de-la-poblacion/ |access-date=2025-10-11 |language=es-PE}}</ref> === 8 ga Oktoba === Masu zanga-zangar sun toshe muhimman wurare kamar Chiple (Cutervo), Chamaya (Jaén) da Bellavista (San Ignacio). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-08 |title=La región Cajamarca vive su segundo día de huelga indefinida con bloqueos en Cutervo, Jaén y San Ignacio |url=https://lalupa.pe/peru/la-region-cajamarca-vive-su-segundo-dia-de-huelga-indefinida-con-bloqueos-en-cutervo-jaen-y-san-ignacio-2-101802 |access-date=2025-10-11 |website=LA LUPA |language=es }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === 9 ga Oktoba === Wani shugaban kungiyar Rondas campesinas daga San Ignacio ya tabbatar da cewa kungiyoyin manoma bakwai na ci gaba da jajircewa wajen fafutukar da suke yi tare da gargadin cewa zanga-zangar za ta kara yin tsamari nan da 'yan sa'o'i kadan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-09 |title=Tercer día de paro regional en Cajamarca: ronderos de San Ignacio radicalizan protesta y mantienen tomada la carretera Fernando Belaúnde Terry - Reina de la Selva |url=https://reinadelaselva.pe/tercer-dia-de-paro-regional-en-cajamarca-ronderos-de-san-ignacio-radicalizan-protesta-y-mantienen-tomada-la-carretera-fernando-belaunde-terry/ |access-date=2025-10-11 |language=es}}</ref> === 10 ga Oktoba === Frente de Defensa de los Intereses y Patrimonio de Cutervo ne ya sanar da dakatar da yajin aikin yanki na dindindin a Cajamarca, bayan tsige Dina Boluarte, amma bisa ga bayanan Domiciano Gonzáles, shugaban Federación Subregional de Rondas Campesinas, an rufe hanyoyin tsakanin Chaén da Chaén.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Giraldo |first=Por Clara |date=2025-10-10 |title=Paro en Cajamarca se levanta luego de la vacancia de Dina Boluarte, ronderos esperan reunirse con nuevos ministros |url=https://www.infobae.com/peru/2025/10/10/paro-en-cajamarca-se-levanta-luego-de-la-vacancia-de-dina-boluarte-ronderos-esperan-reunirse-con-nuevos-ministros/ |access-date=2025-10-11 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Astonitas |first=Ernesto |date=2025-10-10 |title=Ronderos de Cajamarca levantan paro y liberan vías tras vacancia de Dina Boluarte |url=https://rpp.pe/peru/cajamarca/cajamarca-ronderos-levantan-paro-y-liberan-vias-tras-vacancia-de-dina-boluarte-noticia-1658818 |access-date=2025-10-11 |website=rpp.pe |language=es}}</ref> == Manazarta == e2xg8er6x9xyo9r2bmesa9b3kafg13n 975074 975073 2026-11-01T23:41:55Z Alfurqan 14918 975074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Yajin aikin yankin Cajamarca na shekarar 2025 ya fara ne a ranar 6 ga watan Oktoba a Cajamarca a Peru, wanda Rondas campesinas ya kira don nuna adawa da rashin tsaro, watsi da ayyukan more rayuwa da kuma yaki da hako ma'adinai ba bisa ka'ida ba. == Jerin lokaci == === 1 ga Oktoba === A Jaén Ƙungiyar Rondas Campesinas da Sufuri sun kira yajin aikin yanki na ranar 6 ga Oktoba, Wakilin masu jigilar kayayyaki na M1, Wincler Delgado, ya tabbatar da shigar da sassan jigilar M1, M2 da M3.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Perú |first=Red de Medios Regionales |date=2025-10-02 |title=Paro regional en el nororiente este 6 de octubre contra el MTC por abandono de obras y otros temas (VIDEO) {{!}} Inforegión |url=https://inforegion.pe/paro-regional-en-el-nororiente-este-6-de-octubre-contra-el-mtc-por-abandono-de-obras-y-otros-temas-video/ |access-date=2025-10-11 |language=es}}</ref> Shugaban Federación de Rondas Campesinas de Cajamarca, Johan Fernández, ya ayyana cewa dandalin gwagwarmaya yana mai da hankali kan bukatar kammala babbar hanyar Saliyo a sassanta Chiple –Cutervo –Cochabamba, Lajas – Chota, Bambamarca – Cajamarca, Cajabamba – Cajamarcay –Chovoyape. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-03 |title=ANUNCIAN BLOQUEO DE VIAS DURANTE PARO REGIONAL DE CAJAMARCA QUE INICIA EL 6 DE OCTUBRE {{!}} Andina Radio - Chota la más informativa de la Región |url=https://andinaradio.net/2025/10/03/anuncian-bloqueo-de-vias-durante-paro-regional-de-cajamarca-que-inicia-el-6-de-octubre/ |access-date=2025-10-11 |language=es}}</ref> === A ranar 6 ga watan Oktoba === An bayar da rahoton toshewa a kan babbar hanyar Chiple - Cutervo da Bellavista - Jaén, a Cutervo Rondas Campesinas an gano kuma an tsare jami'an 'yan sanda na ɓoye, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Perú |first=Red de Medios Regionales |date=2025-10-06 |title=Paro en Cajamarca: Bloqueos en Chiple-Cutervo y Bellavista-Jaén, con fuerte presencia de ronderos en Chamaya (VIDEO) {{!}} Inforegión |url=https://inforegion.pe/paro-en-cajamarca-bloqueos-en-chiple-cutervo-y-bellavista-jaen-con-fuerte-presencia-de-ronderos-en-chamaya-video/ |access-date=2025-10-11 |language=es}}</ref> 'yan sanda ta ƙasar Peru sun tura ayyukan sintiri. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Perú 21 |date=2025-10-06 |title=Cajamarca: ronderos bloquean carreteras y declaran paro regional indefinido |url=https://peru21.pe/peru/cajamarca-ronderos-bloquean-carreteras-y-declaran-paro-regional-indefinido/ |access-date=2025-10-11 |website=peru21.pe |language=es}}</ref> === A ranar 7 ga Oktoba === Sakataren kungiyar Federación Regional de Rondas Campesinas de Cajamarca, Juan Carlos Guevara, ya yi nuni da cewa yajin aikin yankin da aka kira ya yi tasiri sosai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Medios |first=Monitoreo |title=Paro Regional en Cajamarca tuvo alta convocatoria de la población |url=https://monitoreocajamarcamedios.com/paro-regional-en-cajamarca-tuvo-alta-convocatoria-de-la-poblacion/ |access-date=2025-10-11 |language=es-PE}}</ref> === A ranar 8 ga Oktoba === Masu zanga-zangar sun toshe muhimman wurare kamar Chiple (Cutervo), Chamaya (Jaén) da Bellavista (San Ignacio). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-08 |title=La región Cajamarca vive su segundo día de huelga indefinida con bloqueos en Cutervo, Jaén y San Ignacio |url=https://lalupa.pe/peru/la-region-cajamarca-vive-su-segundo-dia-de-huelga-indefinida-con-bloqueos-en-cutervo-jaen-y-san-ignacio-2-101802 |access-date=2025-10-11 |website=LA LUPA |language=es }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === A ranar 9 ga Oktoba === Wani shugaban kungiyar Rondas campesinas daga San Ignacio ya tabbatar da cewa kungiyoyin manoma bakwai na ci gaba da jajircewa wajen fafutukar da suke yi tare da gargadin cewa zanga-zangar za ta kara yin tsamari nan da 'yan sa'o'i kadan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-09 |title=Tercer día de paro regional en Cajamarca: ronderos de San Ignacio radicalizan protesta y mantienen tomada la carretera Fernando Belaúnde Terry - Reina de la Selva |url=https://reinadelaselva.pe/tercer-dia-de-paro-regional-en-cajamarca-ronderos-de-san-ignacio-radicalizan-protesta-y-mantienen-tomada-la-carretera-fernando-belaunde-terry/ |access-date=2025-10-11 |language=es}}</ref> === A ranar 10 ga Oktoba === Frente de Defensa de los Intereses y Patrimonio de Cutervo ne ya sanar da dakatar da yajin aikin yanki na dindindin a Cajamarca, bayan tsige Dina Boluarte, amma bisa ga bayanan Domiciano Gonzáles, shugaban Federación Subregional de Rondas Campesinas, an rufe hanyoyin tsakanin Chaén da Chaén.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Giraldo |first=Por Clara |date=2025-10-10 |title=Paro en Cajamarca se levanta luego de la vacancia de Dina Boluarte, ronderos esperan reunirse con nuevos ministros |url=https://www.infobae.com/peru/2025/10/10/paro-en-cajamarca-se-levanta-luego-de-la-vacancia-de-dina-boluarte-ronderos-esperan-reunirse-con-nuevos-ministros/ |access-date=2025-10-11 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Astonitas |first=Ernesto |date=2025-10-10 |title=Ronderos de Cajamarca levantan paro y liberan vías tras vacancia de Dina Boluarte |url=https://rpp.pe/peru/cajamarca/cajamarca-ronderos-levantan-paro-y-liberan-vias-tras-vacancia-de-dina-boluarte-noticia-1658818 |access-date=2025-10-11 |website=rpp.pe |language=es}}</ref> == Manazarta == k1zxd0crgav1iqirydg3r8zjq9ndydb 0 122893 974799 973156 2026-11-01T13:42:05Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330311271|Tell Me Sweet Something]]" 974799 wikitext text/x-wiki Tell Me Sweet Something fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka ta Kudu na 2015 wanda Nomzamo Mbatha, Maps Maponyane da [[Thishiwe Ziqubu]] suka fito.[[Akin Omotoso]] ne ya ba da umarnin fim din kuma Robbie Thorpe ne ya samar da shi.<ref name="nfvf">{{Cite web |last= |title=Cameras roll on "Tell Me Sweet Something" |url=http://www.nfvf.co.za/home/index.php?ipkArticleID=49 |access-date=13 June 2016 |website=The NFVF}}</ref> Fim din ya sami gabatarwa tara a 12th Africa Movie Academy Awards kuma ya lashe kyaututtuka biyu, gami da Achievement in Screenplay da Best Supporting Actress for [[Thishiwe Ziqubu]]. == Makirci == Fim din ya wuce tare da tsofaffin ma'aurata suna tunawa, suna ba da labaran soyayya yayin fim din. Moratiwa Vokwana (Nomzamo Mbatha) marubuciya ce wacce ta rubuta labarun soyayya ta Afirka kuma ta kasance mai jin dadi.Ko da yake, abubuwa sun lalace lokacin da ba ta sami yarjejeniyar bugawa ba kuma saurayinta, Norman, ya rabu da ita, kuma ta daina rubuta labarun soyayya da soyayya.Moratiwa ta mallaki kantin sayar da littattafai a cikin garin [[Johannesburg]] kuma mataimakiyarta Lola (Thembi Seete) ce ta taimaka mata.Shagon littattafai yana cikin haɗarin rufewa saboda takardun da ba a biya ba, littattafan da ba a sayar da su ba da matsalolin lantarki.Mai lissafinta, Robyn ([[Mandisa Bardill]]) ya bukaci Moratiwa ta fara sayar da littattafai idan tana so ta ci gaba da kasancewa a kan ruwa.Abokinta mafi kyau Tashaka ([[Thishiwe Ziqubu]]) wanda shi ma marubuci ne ya yi imanin cewa Moratiwa tana da batutuwan sadaukarwa wanda ta musanta hakan. Tashaka ta shawo kan Moratiwa ta je kulob din, ta yi imanin cewa za ta sami wanda kuma tana fatan ta shawo kansa.Moratiwa ya yarda da rashin son rai kuma sun tafi kulob tare da Katlego ([[Kagiso Lediga]]), saurayin mai shaye-shaye na Tashaka.Nat Masilo (Maps Maponyane) wanda sanannen samfurin ne ya hango ta kuma yayi ƙoƙari ya bi ta amma ba ta nuna sha'awarsa ba.Gordon ([[Thomas Gumede]]), dan wasan Nat kuma aboki ya yi haka tare da Tashaka amma kuma ba ta nuna sha'awa ba.Yayin da dare ke ci gaba, Nat da Moratiwa suna rawa kuma ya gayyace ta zuwa wurinsa, Moratiwa ya tambayi Tashaka idan za ta zo tare da wanda ta yarda.Katlego ba shi da halin tuki tun lokacin da ya bugu, kuma Gordon ya ba da damar tuki tunda shi kadai ne wanda ba shi da hankali.Moratiwa ta isa wurin Nat kuma ya zama abin kunya lokacin da Sashi, tsohuwar budurwar Nat, ta zo, ta damu da Moratiwa kuma ta sa ta tafi.'Yan sanda sun kama Gordon, Tashaka da Katlego, sannan Katlego ya yi wa' yan sanda laifi kuma an kama shi. Kashegari, Moratiwa ya haɗu da Nat a hanya kuma ya kammala cewa ba shi da kyau a gare ta saboda shi mutum ne "4'5 ft" kuma ba ya karanta littattafai.Saboda raguwar tallace-tallace na littattafai, Lola ta ba da shawarar ga Moratiwa cewa ya kamata su sami "happening" don kara tallace-tafiyen littattafai, wanda Moratiwa ya yarda da shi.Nat ya tafi kantin sayar da littattafai na Moratiwa yana neman littafi don karantawa kuma Lola ta lura da shi, tana tunanin cewa yana nan don taron littafin kuma ta gayyace shi ya zama ɗaya daga cikin samfuran.A wannan dare, taron littafin yana faruwa tare da mutane da yawa da suka halarta.Moratiwa ya yi mamakin ganin Nat a taron, Nat ya sa Moratiwa ya san cewa aikin samfurin ba shi ne ko wanene shi ba, abin da ya yi ne dalilin da ya sa ya zana allon talla na shi tare da taimakon Gordon.Daga baya a wannan dare, an ƙarfafa Moratiwa kuma hakan ya fara rubuta littafi. Kodayake taron ya kasance nasara an sayar da wasu littattafai, amma ba a adana isasshen kuɗi don biyan basussuka da kuma gyara matsalolin lantarki ba.Tashaka wanda a ƙarshe ya ba Gordon damar zuwa kwanan wata tare da shi amma har yanzu yana cikin dangantaka da Katlego.Moratiwa da Nat sun san juna da kyau, tare da ma'aurata suna hawa saman rufin kuma sun ƙare cikin sumba mai ban sha'awa a karon farko.Moratiwa da Nat sun fita da dare tare da Tashaka da Katlego.Moratiwa da Nat sun bar Tashaka da Katlego wanda ya fadi, kuma biyun sun tafi wurin Nat suna neman Sashi yana jiran Nat.Ta bayyana cewa tana da ciki da ɗan Nat, ta bar Moratiwa cikin damuwa kuma ta ƙi duk wani hulɗa da Nat.Moratiwa ba ta da tabbacin ko tana so ta ci gaba da ganin Nat ganin cewa ta fada cikin soyayya da shi.Yayinda take shan kofi sai ta sake haɗuwa da Nat wanda ya gaya mata cewa shi ba mahaifinsa ba ne kuma ya shawo kanta ta tafi kan keke.Moratiwa ya yarda da rashin son rai kuma ma'aurata sun tafi kan keke, suna yawon shakatawa a cikin birni.Bayan tafiyar da keke, ma'aurata sun tafi hanyoyi daban-daban, kawai Moratiwa ya kira Nat kuma ma'auratan sun shiga hannun juna kuma sun yi soyayya a wannan dare. Kashegari, Tashaka ya dawo ya sami gidan ya zama rikici da Katlego mai rabin tsirara yana barci.Ta farka da shi, ta rabu da shi kuma ta kore shi tare da abokansa biyu.Moratiwa ta farka da kiran waya daga Lola wanda ya gaya mata ta bincika wayarta.Moratiwa ta karanta wani labarin daga [[X (kafofin sada zumunta)|Twitter]] cewa Nat ta watsar da Sashi saboda cikinta.Cikin fushi, ta yanke shawarar barin Nat amma ya gaya mata cewa ita ce "wanda ke gudu ba shi ba" kuma yana kula da ita sosai.Duk da haka, Moratiwa ya bar Nat, kuma ya ɗauki bas ɗin ya koma gida, zuciya ɗaya.An ƙone kantin sayar da littattafai zuwa ƙasa saboda kayan aikin lantarki da ba a gyara su ba wanda ya haifar da wutar lantarki da ke kunna wuta.An bar Moratiwa yana kuka saboda asarar kantin sayar da littattafai da Nat.Moratiwa ta haɗu da tsohon saurayinta, Norman wanda ke cikin wata dangantaka kuma yana da ɗa.Moratiwa ya bayyana yadda Norman ya kawo karshen dangantakarsu kuma Norman ya bayyana cewa dalilin da ya sa ya bar shi ne saboda ya ji cewa Moratiwa bai cika da dangantakarsu ba saboda aikinta na rubuce-rubuce kuma yana ɓoye ainihin motsin zuciyarta. Yanzu da ta fahimci cewa tana da matsalolin sadaukarwa, Moratiwa tana so ta yi aiki tare da Nat bayan ta gano cewa Nat ba ta da ciki ga Sashi.Tashaka ta gaya wa Moratiwa cewa Nat yana barin kasar har abada don zuwa Vietnam, kuma da ta fahimci kuskuren ta, sai ta gaggauta zuwa filin jirgin sama don kokarin hana shi barin.Ta roƙe shi kada ya tafi saboda ta ƙaunace shi.Abin takaici roƙonta ba ta aiki kuma Nat ta tafi Vietnam tare da Moratiwa suna kallon jirgin sama yana tashi sama sama da rufin inda suka fara sumba.A wannan lokacin, Moratiwa ta gama littafinta kuma ta buga shi.Littafin ya sadu da yabo mai mahimmanci kuma ya fi sayarwa.Tashaka da Gordon yanzu suna cikin dangantaka.Yayin da Moratiwa ke shirin sanya hannu kan littafi, sai ta ji cewa "za a iya canza shirye-shiryen" kuma ta fahimci cewa Nat ne ya dawo daga Vietnam.Nat ya furta ƙaunarsa ga Moratiwa kuma sun sumbace. == Masu ba da labari == * Nomzamo Mbatha a matsayin Moratiwa * Taswirar Taswirar Kasuwanci * [[Thishiwe Ziqubu]] a matsayin Tashaka * [[Thomas Gumede]] a matsayin Gordon * [[Kagiso Lediga]] a matsayin Katlego * Thembi Seete a matsayin Lola * [[Makhaola Ndebele]] a matsayin mai ba da wutar lantarki * [[Mandisa Bardill]] a matsayin Robyn == Fitarwa == An fara samar da fim a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2014, harbi a Maboneng, a cikin garin Johannesburg.An saki fim din a ranar 4 ga Satumba 2015, ya kasance babban ofishin akwatin. == Manazarta == ezr4ov2ex3d4s2wxv8tpz1z4v2iwgct 974800 974799 2026-11-01T13:42:59Z Salma Raddah 45959 974800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tell Me Sweet Something fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka ta Kudu na 2015 wanda Nomzamo Mbatha, Maps Maponyane da [[Thishiwe Ziqubu]] suka fito.[[Akin Omotoso]] ne ya ba da umarnin fim din kuma Robbie Thorpe ne ya samar da shi.<ref name="nfvf">{{Cite web |last= |title=Cameras roll on "Tell Me Sweet Something" |url=http://www.nfvf.co.za/home/index.php?ipkArticleID=49 |access-date=13 June 2016 |website=The NFVF}}</ref> Fim din ya sami gabatarwa tara a 12th Africa Movie Academy Awards kuma ya lashe kyaututtuka biyu, gami da Achievement in Screenplay da Best Supporting Actress for [[Thishiwe Ziqubu]]. == Makirci == Fim din ya wuce tare da tsofaffin ma'aurata suna tunawa, suna ba da labaran soyayya yayin fim din. Moratiwa Vokwana (Nomzamo Mbatha) marubuciya ce wacce ta rubuta labarun soyayya ta Afirka kuma ta kasance mai jin dadi.Ko da yake, abubuwa sun lalace lokacin da ba ta sami yarjejeniyar bugawa ba kuma saurayinta, Norman, ya rabu da ita, kuma ta daina rubuta labarun soyayya da soyayya.Moratiwa ta mallaki kantin sayar da littattafai a cikin garin [[Johannesburg]] kuma mataimakiyarta Lola (Thembi Seete) ce ta taimaka mata.Shagon littattafai yana cikin haɗarin rufewa saboda takardun da ba a biya ba, littattafan da ba a sayar da su ba da matsalolin lantarki.Mai lissafinta, Robyn ([[Mandisa Bardill]]) ya bukaci Moratiwa ta fara sayar da littattafai idan tana so ta ci gaba da kasancewa a kan ruwa.Abokinta mafi kyau Tashaka ([[Thishiwe Ziqubu]]) wanda shi ma marubuci ne ya yi imanin cewa Moratiwa tana da batutuwan sadaukarwa wanda ta musanta hakan. Tashaka ta shawo kan Moratiwa ta je kulob din, ta yi imanin cewa za ta sami wanda kuma tana fatan ta shawo kansa.Moratiwa ya yarda da rashin son rai kuma sun tafi kulob tare da Katlego ([[Kagiso Lediga]]), saurayin mai shaye-shaye na Tashaka.Nat Masilo (Maps Maponyane) wanda sanannen samfurin ne ya hango ta kuma yayi ƙoƙari ya bi ta amma ba ta nuna sha'awarsa ba.Gordon ([[Thomas Gumede]]), dan wasan Nat kuma aboki ya yi haka tare da Tashaka amma kuma ba ta nuna sha'awa ba.Yayin da dare ke ci gaba, Nat da Moratiwa suna rawa kuma ya gayyace ta zuwa wurinsa, Moratiwa ya tambayi Tashaka idan za ta zo tare da wanda ta yarda.Katlego ba shi da halin tuki tun lokacin da ya bugu, kuma Gordon ya ba da damar tuki tunda shi kadai ne wanda ba shi da hankali.Moratiwa ta isa wurin Nat kuma ya zama abin kunya lokacin da Sashi, tsohuwar budurwar Nat, ta zo, ta damu da Moratiwa kuma ta sa ta tafi.'Yan sanda sun kama Gordon, Tashaka da Katlego, sannan Katlego ya yi wa' yan sanda laifi kuma an kama shi. Kashegari, Moratiwa ya haɗu da Nat a hanya kuma ya kammala cewa ba shi da kyau a gare ta saboda shi mutum ne "4'5 ft" kuma ba ya karanta littattafai.Saboda raguwar tallace-tallace na littattafai, Lola ta ba da shawarar ga Moratiwa cewa ya kamata su sami "happening" don kara tallace-tafiyen littattafai, wanda Moratiwa ya yarda da shi.Nat ya tafi kantin sayar da littattafai na Moratiwa yana neman littafi don karantawa kuma Lola ta lura da shi, tana tunanin cewa yana nan don taron littafin kuma ta gayyace shi ya zama ɗaya daga cikin samfuran.A wannan dare, taron littafin yana faruwa tare da mutane da yawa da suka halarta.Moratiwa ya yi mamakin ganin Nat a taron, Nat ya sa Moratiwa ya san cewa aikin samfurin ba shi ne ko wanene shi ba, abin da ya yi ne dalilin da ya sa ya zana allon talla na shi tare da taimakon Gordon.Daga baya a wannan dare, an ƙarfafa Moratiwa kuma hakan ya fara rubuta littafi. Kodayake taron ya kasance nasara an sayar da wasu littattafai, amma ba a adana isasshen kuɗi don biyan basussuka da kuma gyara matsalolin lantarki ba.Tashaka wanda a ƙarshe ya ba Gordon damar zuwa kwanan wata tare da shi amma har yanzu yana cikin dangantaka da Katlego.Moratiwa da Nat sun san juna da kyau, tare da ma'aurata suna hawa saman rufin kuma sun ƙare cikin sumba mai ban sha'awa a karon farko.Moratiwa da Nat sun fita da dare tare da Tashaka da Katlego.Moratiwa da Nat sun bar Tashaka da Katlego wanda ya fadi, kuma biyun sun tafi wurin Nat suna neman Sashi yana jiran Nat.Ta bayyana cewa tana da ciki da ɗan Nat, ta bar Moratiwa cikin damuwa kuma ta ƙi duk wani hulɗa da Nat.Moratiwa ba ta da tabbacin ko tana so ta ci gaba da ganin Nat ganin cewa ta fada cikin soyayya da shi.Yayinda take shan kofi sai ta sake haɗuwa da Nat wanda ya gaya mata cewa shi ba mahaifinsa ba ne kuma ya shawo kanta ta tafi kan keke.Moratiwa ya yarda da rashin son rai kuma ma'aurata sun tafi kan keke, suna yawon shakatawa a cikin birni.Bayan tafiyar da keke, ma'aurata sun tafi hanyoyi daban-daban, kawai Moratiwa ya kira Nat kuma ma'auratan sun shiga hannun juna kuma sun yi soyayya a wannan dare. Kashegari, Tashaka ya dawo ya sami gidan ya zama rikici da Katlego mai rabin tsirara yana barci.Ta farka da shi, ta rabu da shi kuma ta kore shi tare da abokansa biyu.Moratiwa ta farka da kiran waya daga Lola wanda ya gaya mata ta bincika wayarta.Moratiwa ta karanta wani labarin daga [[X (kafofin sada zumunta)|Twitter]] cewa Nat ta watsar da Sashi saboda cikinta.Cikin fushi, ta yanke shawarar barin Nat amma ya gaya mata cewa ita ce "wanda ke gudu ba shi ba" kuma yana kula da ita sosai.Duk da haka, Moratiwa ya bar Nat, kuma ya ɗauki bas ɗin ya koma gida, zuciya ɗaya.An ƙone kantin sayar da littattafai zuwa ƙasa saboda kayan aikin lantarki da ba a gyara su ba wanda ya haifar da wutar lantarki da ke kunna wuta.An bar Moratiwa yana kuka saboda asarar kantin sayar da littattafai da Nat.Moratiwa ta haɗu da tsohon saurayinta, Norman wanda ke cikin wata dangantaka kuma yana da ɗa.Moratiwa ya bayyana yadda Norman ya kawo karshen dangantakarsu kuma Norman ya bayyana cewa dalilin da ya sa ya bar shi ne saboda ya ji cewa Moratiwa bai cika da dangantakarsu ba saboda aikinta na rubuce-rubuce kuma yana ɓoye ainihin motsin zuciyarta. Yanzu da ta fahimci cewa tana da matsalolin sadaukarwa, Moratiwa tana so ta yi aiki tare da Nat bayan ta gano cewa Nat ba ta da ciki ga Sashi.Tashaka ta gaya wa Moratiwa cewa Nat yana barin kasar har abada don zuwa Vietnam, kuma da ta fahimci kuskuren ta, sai ta gaggauta zuwa filin jirgin sama don kokarin hana shi barin.Ta roƙe shi kada ya tafi saboda ta ƙaunace shi.Abin takaici roƙonta ba ta aiki kuma Nat ta tafi Vietnam tare da Moratiwa suna kallon jirgin sama yana tashi sama sama da rufin inda suka fara sumba.A wannan lokacin, Moratiwa ta gama littafinta kuma ta buga shi.Littafin ya sadu da yabo mai mahimmanci kuma ya fi sayarwa.Tashaka da Gordon yanzu suna cikin dangantaka.Yayin da Moratiwa ke shirin sanya hannu kan littafi, sai ta ji cewa "za a iya canza shirye-shiryen" kuma ta fahimci cewa Nat ne ya dawo daga Vietnam.Nat ya furta ƙaunarsa ga Moratiwa kuma sun sumbace. == Masu ba da labari == * Nomzamo Mbatha a matsayin Moratiwa * Taswirar Taswirar Kasuwanci * [[Thishiwe Ziqubu]] a matsayin Tashaka * [[Thomas Gumede]] a matsayin Gordon * [[Kagiso Lediga]] a matsayin Katlego * Thembi Seete a matsayin Lola * [[Makhaola Ndebele]] a matsayin mai ba da wutar lantarki * [[Mandisa Bardill]] a matsayin Robyn == Fitarwa == An fara samar da fim a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2014, harbi a Maboneng, a cikin garin Johannesburg.An saki fim din a ranar 4 ga Satumba 2015, ya kasance babban ofishin akwatin. == Manazarta == etylhfgebkcqcwzrhoo2ihx6ju2hiwq 974801 974800 2026-11-01T13:43:37Z Salma Raddah 45959 974801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tell Me Sweet Something fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Afirka ta Kudu na 2015 wanda Nomzamo Mbatha, Maps Maponyane da [[Thishiwe Ziqubu]] suka fito.[[Akin Omotoso]] ne ya ba da umarnin fim din kuma Robbie Thorpe ne ya samar da shi.<ref name="nfvf">{{Cite web |last= |title=Cameras roll on "Tell Me Sweet Something" |url=http://www.nfvf.co.za/home/index.php?ipkArticleID=49 |access-date=13 June 2016 |website=The NFVF}}</ref> Fim din ya sami gabatarwa tara a 12th Africa Movie Academy Awards kuma ya lashe kyaututtuka biyu, gami da Achievement in Screenplay da Best Supporting Actress for [[Thishiwe Ziqubu]]. == Makirci == Fim din ya wuce tare da tsofaffin ma'aurata suna tunawa, suna ba da labaran soyayya yayin fim din. Moratiwa Vokwana (Nomzamo Mbatha) marubuciya ce wacce ta rubuta labarun soyayya ta Afirka kuma ta kasance mai jin dadi.Ko da yake, abubuwa sun lalace lokacin da ba ta sami yarjejeniyar bugawa ba kuma saurayinta, Norman, ya rabu da ita, kuma ta daina rubuta labarun soyayya da soyayya.Moratiwa ta mallaki kantin sayar da littattafai a cikin garin [[Johannesburg]] kuma mataimakiyarta Lola (Thembi Seete) ce ta taimaka mata.Shagon littattafai yana cikin haɗarin rufewa saboda takardun da ba a biya ba, littattafan da ba a sayar da su ba da matsalolin lantarki.Mai lissafinta, Robyn (Mandisa Bardill) ya bukaci Moratiwa ta fara sayar da littattafai idan tana so ta ci gaba da kasancewa a kan ruwa.Abokinta mafi kyau Tashaka ([[Thishiwe Ziqubu]]) wanda shi ma marubuci ne ya yi imanin cewa Moratiwa tana da batutuwan sadaukarwa wanda ta musanta hakan. Tashaka ta shawo kan Moratiwa ta je kulob din, ta yi imanin cewa za ta sami wanda kuma tana fatan ta shawo kansa.Moratiwa ya yarda da rashin son rai kuma sun tafi kulob tare da Katlego ([[Kagiso Lediga]]), saurayin mai shaye-shaye na Tashaka.Nat Masilo (Maps Maponyane) wanda sanannen samfurin ne ya hango ta kuma yayi ƙoƙari ya bi ta amma ba ta nuna sha'awarsa ba.Gordon (Thomas Gumede), dan wasan Nat kuma aboki ya yi haka tare da Tashaka amma kuma ba ta nuna sha'awa ba.Yayin da dare ke ci gaba, Nat da Moratiwa suna rawa kuma ya gayyace ta zuwa wurinsa, Moratiwa ya tambayi Tashaka idan za ta zo tare da wanda ta yarda.Katlego ba shi da halin tuki tun lokacin da ya bugu, kuma Gordon ya ba da damar tuki tunda shi kadai ne wanda ba shi da hankali.Moratiwa ta isa wurin Nat kuma ya zama abin kunya lokacin da Sashi, tsohuwar budurwar Nat, ta zo, ta damu da Moratiwa kuma ta sa ta tafi.'Yan sanda sun kama Gordon, Tashaka da Katlego, sannan Katlego ya yi wa' yan sanda laifi kuma an kama shi. Kashegari, Moratiwa ya haɗu da Nat a hanya kuma ya kammala cewa ba shi da kyau a gare ta saboda shi mutum ne "4'5 ft" kuma ba ya karanta littattafai.Saboda raguwar tallace-tallace na littattafai, Lola ta ba da shawarar ga Moratiwa cewa ya kamata su sami "happening" don kara tallace-tafiyen littattafai, wanda Moratiwa ya yarda da shi.Nat ya tafi kantin sayar da littattafai na Moratiwa yana neman littafi don karantawa kuma Lola ta lura da shi, tana tunanin cewa yana nan don taron littafin kuma ta gayyace shi ya zama ɗaya daga cikin samfuran.A wannan dare, taron littafin yana faruwa tare da mutane da yawa da suka halarta.Moratiwa ya yi mamakin ganin Nat a taron, Nat ya sa Moratiwa ya san cewa aikin samfurin ba shi ne ko wanene shi ba, abin da ya yi ne dalilin da ya sa ya zana allon talla na shi tare da taimakon Gordon.Daga baya a wannan dare, an ƙarfafa Moratiwa kuma hakan ya fara rubuta littafi. Kodayake taron ya kasance nasara an sayar da wasu littattafai, amma ba a adana isasshen kuɗi don biyan basussuka da kuma gyara matsalolin lantarki ba.Tashaka wanda a ƙarshe ya ba Gordon damar zuwa kwanan wata tare da shi amma har yanzu yana cikin dangantaka da Katlego.Moratiwa da Nat sun san juna da kyau, tare da ma'aurata suna hawa saman rufin kuma sun ƙare cikin sumba mai ban sha'awa a karon farko.Moratiwa da Nat sun fita da dare tare da Tashaka da Katlego.Moratiwa da Nat sun bar Tashaka da Katlego wanda ya fadi, kuma biyun sun tafi wurin Nat suna neman Sashi yana jiran Nat.Ta bayyana cewa tana da ciki da ɗan Nat, ta bar Moratiwa cikin damuwa kuma ta ƙi duk wani hulɗa da Nat.Moratiwa ba ta da tabbacin ko tana so ta ci gaba da ganin Nat ganin cewa ta fada cikin soyayya da shi.Yayinda take shan kofi sai ta sake haɗuwa da Nat wanda ya gaya mata cewa shi ba mahaifinsa ba ne kuma ya shawo kanta ta tafi kan keke.Moratiwa ya yarda da rashin son rai kuma ma'aurata sun tafi kan keke, suna yawon shakatawa a cikin birni.Bayan tafiyar da keke, ma'aurata sun tafi hanyoyi daban-daban, kawai Moratiwa ya kira Nat kuma ma'auratan sun shiga hannun juna kuma sun yi soyayya a wannan dare. Kashegari, Tashaka ya dawo ya sami gidan ya zama rikici da Katlego mai rabin tsirara yana barci.Ta farka da shi, ta rabu da shi kuma ta kore shi tare da abokansa biyu.Moratiwa ta farka da kiran waya daga Lola wanda ya gaya mata ta bincika wayarta.Moratiwa ta karanta wani labarin daga [[X (kafofin sada zumunta)|Twitter]] cewa Nat ta watsar da Sashi saboda cikinta.Cikin fushi, ta yanke shawarar barin Nat amma ya gaya mata cewa ita ce "wanda ke gudu ba shi ba" kuma yana kula da ita sosai.Duk da haka, Moratiwa ya bar Nat, kuma ya ɗauki bas ɗin ya koma gida, zuciya ɗaya.An ƙone kantin sayar da littattafai zuwa ƙasa saboda kayan aikin lantarki da ba a gyara su ba wanda ya haifar da wutar lantarki da ke kunna wuta.An bar Moratiwa yana kuka saboda asarar kantin sayar da littattafai da Nat.Moratiwa ta haɗu da tsohon saurayinta, Norman wanda ke cikin wata dangantaka kuma yana da ɗa.Moratiwa ya bayyana yadda Norman ya kawo karshen dangantakarsu kuma Norman ya bayyana cewa dalilin da ya sa ya bar shi ne saboda ya ji cewa Moratiwa bai cika da dangantakarsu ba saboda aikinta na rubuce-rubuce kuma yana ɓoye ainihin motsin zuciyarta. Yanzu da ta fahimci cewa tana da matsalolin sadaukarwa, Moratiwa tana so ta yi aiki tare da Nat bayan ta gano cewa Nat ba ta da ciki ga Sashi.Tashaka ta gaya wa Moratiwa cewa Nat yana barin kasar har abada don zuwa Vietnam, kuma da ta fahimci kuskuren ta, sai ta gaggauta zuwa filin jirgin sama don kokarin hana shi barin.Ta roƙe shi kada ya tafi saboda ta ƙaunace shi.Abin takaici roƙonta ba ta aiki kuma Nat ta tafi Vietnam tare da Moratiwa suna kallon jirgin sama yana tashi sama sama da rufin inda suka fara sumba.A wannan lokacin, Moratiwa ta gama littafinta kuma ta buga shi.Littafin ya sadu da yabo mai mahimmanci kuma ya fi sayarwa.Tashaka da Gordon yanzu suna cikin dangantaka.Yayin da Moratiwa ke shirin sanya hannu kan littafi, sai ta ji cewa "za a iya canza shirye-shiryen" kuma ta fahimci cewa Nat ne ya dawo daga Vietnam.Nat ya furta ƙaunarsa ga Moratiwa kuma sun sumbace. == Masu ba da labari == * Nomzamo Mbatha a matsayin Moratiwa * Taswirar Taswirar Kasuwanci * [[Thishiwe Ziqubu]] a matsayin Tashaka * [[Thomas Gumede]] a matsayin Gordon * [[Kagiso Lediga]] a matsayin Katlego * Thembi Seete a matsayin Lola * [[Makhaola Ndebele]] a matsayin mai ba da wutar lantarki * [[Mandisa Bardill]] a matsayin Robyn == Fitarwa == An fara samar da fim a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2014, harbi a Maboneng, a cikin garin Johannesburg.An saki fim din a ranar 4 ga Satumba 2015, ya kasance babban ofishin akwatin. == Manazarta == 1is8qbh31wq4t4utav7b7kkow3uisgc 0 123710 975129 749307 2026-11-02T06:18:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975129 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Deborah Thomas''' editan mujallar Australiya ce kuma 'yar kasuwa. == Sana'a == Aikin Deborah Thomas a fannin wallafa mujallu ya fara ne a mujallar <nowiki><i id="mwEw">Cleo</i></nowiki> a matsayin editan kyau da salon rayuwa a shekarar 1987. Ta zama mataimakiyar edita a ''Cleo'' a shekarar 1990, kuma ta zama edita a ''Mode'' a shekarar 1992 (yanzu ''Harper's Bazaar'' ) sannan mujallar <nowiki><i id="mwGQ">Elle</i></nowiki> a shekarar 1994, har sai da ta karɓi aikin edita a ''Cleo'' daga 1997 zuwa 1999. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Sally |title=Ten questions for Deborah Thomas |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/media/marking-25-years-at-acp-magazines/story-fna103qq-1226354144900?nk=232a9d58a2d2c557e0a5667a770b811a |access-date=8 January 2015 |website=The Australian}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bayan Cleo, Thomas ya zama babban edita na Jaridar Women's Weekly ta Australia a shekarar 1999 kuma an ba shi lambar yabo ta Mujallar Shekara da kuma Editan Shekara a shekarar 2002. Bayan kusan shekaru 10 a Jaridar The Weekly, Thomas ya zama darektan kafofin watsa labarai, harkokin jama'a da haɓaka alama a Bauer Media . Ta kuma kasance babbar darekta a kamfanin haɗin gwiwa na Bangkok Post Media / ACP a Thailand. [1] A watan Afrilun 2015, an naɗa ta a matsayin babbar jami'ar Ardent Leisure . Watanni kaɗan bayan wani hatsari da ya kashe mutane huɗu a kan hanyar Thunder River Rapids Ride a Dreamworld, a cikin 2017 Thomas ta yi murabus daga matsayinta na Shugaba na Ardent Leisure, kuma daga baya ta bar kamfanin. An nada Thomas a matsayin wanda ya fi kowa a yanzu zai zama shugaban ƙungiyar agaji ta yara ta ƙasa, Camp Quality a watan Janairun 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Sally |title=Ten questions for Deborah Thomas |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/media/marking-25-years-at-acp-magazines/story-fna103qq-1226354144900?nk=232a9d58a2d2c557e0a5667a770b811a |access-date=8 January 2015 |website=The Australian}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Thomas darakta ce mai zaman kanta a Cibiyar Kula da Ciwon Nono da Kwai ta Gwamnatin Tarayya. Ta kasance cikin ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu kamar Gidauniyar Royal Hospital for Women, da kuma ƙungiyar matasa ta Father Chris Riley 's Youth Off The Streets, kuma ita ce mai kula da Gidauniyar Kula da Taronga Conservation Foundation, kuma ita ce shugabar Gidauniyar Ensemble Theatre Foundation . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Sally |title=Ten questions for Deborah Thomas |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/media/marking-25-years-at-acp-magazines/story-fna103qq-1226354144900?nk=232a9d58a2d2c557e0a5667a770b811a |access-date=8 January 2015 |website=The Australian}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] kbc9cqvztwby9n7rn0rpr76lrhfdpp6 0 125076 974841 753262 2026-11-01T15:58:30Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sojojin Sama na Libya''' (Arabic) reshe ne na Sojojin Libya da ke da alhakin Yaƙin sama. A cikin shekara ta 2010, kafin Yaƙin basasar Libya, an kiyasta ƙarfin ma'aikatan Sojojin Sama na Libya a 18,000, tare da lissafin jiragen sama 374 masu iya yaƙi da ke aiki daga sansanonin soja 13 a Libya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> Tun bayan yakin basasa na 2011 da rikice-rikicen da ke gudana, ƙungiyoyi da yawa da ke fada a Libya suna da jirgin sama na soja. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2019 Sojojin Sama na Libya suna ƙarƙashin ikon Gwamnatin Yarjejeniyar Kasa da aka amince da ita a [[Tripoli]], kodayake abokin hamayyar Sojojin Kasa na Libya na Marshal [[Khalifa Haftar]] yana da babbar rundunar sojan sama. A cikin 2021, rundunar sojan sama tana karkashin umurnin sabon Shugaban Libya, Mohamed al-Menfi wanda ya maye gurbin Fayez al-Sarraj. An kuma kafa rundunar sojan sama a matsayin Royal Libyan Air Force (''Al Quwwat al Jawwiya al Malakiya al Libiyya'') a watan Satumbar 1962 ta hanyar yanke shawara na ministan tsaro Abd al-Nabi Yunis . An sanya Lieutenant Col. al-Hadi Salem al-Husomi don jagorantar sabuwar rundunar. Da farko an sanye shi da ƙananan jigilar kaya da masu horarwa: Douglas C-47s da Lockheed T-33s. Koyaya, an kawo F-5 Freedom Fighters daga 1969.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A shekara ta 1970 ta canza sunanta zuwa '''Sojojin Sama na Jamhuriyar Larabawa ta Libya'''.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Cooper|Grandolini|Delalande|2015}}</ref> Bayan sojojin Amurka sun bar Libya a shekarar 1970, Wheelus Air Base, tsohon wurin Amurka kimanin kilomita 11 (6.8 daga [[Tripoli]], ya zama shigarwar LARAF kuma an sake masa suna Okba Ben Nafi Air Base. Cibiyar ta kasance hedkwatar LARAF da kuma babban bangare na manyan wuraren horo. Farawa a cikin 1970, an sami fadada rundunar sojan sama, tare da sayen jirgin yaki na Faransa da kuma daga baya na Soviet.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Cooper|Grandolini|Delalande|2015}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Shekaru na farko (1962-1969) === [[Fayil:Libyan_MiG-25_in_flight_c1985.jpg|left|thumb|A LAAF Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25.]] A watan Mayu na shekara ta 1967, Masarautar Libya ta cimma yarjejeniya da Amurka don samar da 10 Northrop F-5s ga Royal Libyan Air Force . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> Wadannan su ne mayakan farko ga matasan Sojojin Sama, wanda kawai ke aiki da jigilar Douglas C-47 guda shida da masu horar da Lockheed T-33 guda uku a lokacin. Ma'aikata hamsin da shida sun sami horo a sansanoni a Amurka, matukan jirgi a Williams Air Force Base; Ƙungiyar Bincike ta Amurka kan fadada ta zo Libya a watan Agustan 1968 don kula da gabatarwar mayakan. Ayyukan F-5s sun ragu bayan juyin mulkin 1969 kuma ya bayyana cewa an sayar da mafi yawan ga Turkiyya. Sojojin Tsaro na Libya sun kasance wani ɓangare na Sojojin Sama kuma suna da cibiyar tsaro ta iska ta biyu mafi girma a yankin (na biyu ga Masar). Koyaya, kayan aikin - wanda galibi makamai ne na Soviet daga shekarun 1960 da 1970 - sun wuce zamani kuma sun tabbatar da rashin inganci a lokacin fashewar bam na Libya ta 1986 da Sojojin Sama na Amurka suka yi. Ɗaya daga cikin jirage 45 da suka kai hari na Amurka ne kawai aka harbe shi. Saboda takunkumi a cikin shekarun 1980, ba za a iya inganta tsarin ba bayan harin Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> === Lokacin Gaddafi na farko (1969-1989) === A cikin watanni bayan juyin mulkin 1969, Libya ta nisanta kanta daga Burtaniya da Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> Duk da haka, a shekarar 1971, Amurka ta samar da jiragen sama guda takwas kirar C-130 Hs. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> Madadin haka, an samar da kusanci da Faransa. Saboda haka, an sanya hannu kan odar jiragen sama kirar Dassault Mirage 5s 110, jiragen Fouga Magisters goma sha biyu, jiragen Aérospatiale Alouette IIIs goma da jiragen Aérospatiale SA 321 Super Frelons tara a watan Disamba na 1969. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Cooper|Grandolini|Delalande|2015}}</ref> Tattaunawa don siyan jiragen saman soja na Soviet ta fara ne kawai a shekarar 1973, bisa la'akari da abubuwan da suka faru a Yaƙin Yom Kippur . Wadannan sun haifar da isar da jiragen kariya na MiG-23 MS guda 54 da jiragen kariya na MiG-23UB, jiragen kai hari na MiG-23BN guda 35, da kuma jiragen yaki na MiG-21bis guda 64 da jiragen kariya na MiG-21UM. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Cooper|Grandolini|Delalande|2015}}</ref> An kuma sayi jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu guda goma sha huɗu na Tupolev Tu-22 a wannan lokacin. <ref name="LAW1 p17">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Cooper|Grandolini|Delalande|2015}}</ref> An ci gaba da hulɗa da Faransa, kuma an yi odar jiragen Dassault Mirage F1 AD 16, F1BD 6 da F1ED 16 a shekarar 1975. <ref name="LAW1 p17" /> A ƙarshe, an sayi jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu guda 240 na SIAI-Marchetti SF.260 daga Italiya, da kuma jiragen Soko G-2 Galebs 50. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A tsakiyar shekarun 1970, an kuma sayi jiragen helikwafta masu ɗaukar kaya na Chinook guda 20 na CH-47 daga Italiya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> 14 daga cikinsu an mayar da su ga sojoji a lokacin shekarun 1990. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Da duk waɗannan sayayya, cikin 'yan shekaru kaɗan, adadin jiragen sama da ke aiki a LAAF ya ƙaru sosai. Duk da haka, babu wata hanyar horar da isassun matukan jirgi da ma'aikatan ƙasa don sarrafa duk waɗannan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> Saboda haka, an amince da yarjejeniyoyi da ƙasashe masu abokantaka don sarrafa wasu daga cikin jiragen LAAF. Jiragen saman Siriya sun yi aiki da rundunonin MiG-23 guda biyu. Hakazalika, kimanin jiragen saman Koriya ta Arewa 100 ne suka yi aiki da MiG-21 tsakanin 1979 da 1981. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A ƙarshe, an sanya wasu daga cikin sabbin jiragen da aka saya a cikin ajiya. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Cooper|Grandolini|Delalande|2015}}</ref> Daga cikin jiragen yaƙi, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta kiyasta a 1983 cewa kashi 50 cikin ɗari sun kasance a cikin ajiya, ciki har da yawancin jiragen saman MiG da jiragen bam na Tu-22. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Dassault Mirage 5s da aka saya jim kadan bayan Gaddafi ya karɓi mulki Masar ta yi amfani da su a asirce a lokacin Yakin Yom Kippur . Daga baya aka mayar da su Libya. Wadannan jiragen sun yi ritaya a cikin 2008, suna amfani da su don kayan aikin Sojojin Sama na Pakistan. Sojojin Sama na Jamhuriyar Larabawa na Libya sun yi amfani da adadi mai yawa na Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25, wasu kafofin sun ce an kawo sama da 60. Nau'ikan sun kasance na MiG-25PD, MiG-25RBK, MiG-25-PU da MiG-25RU. No. 1025 Squadron ne ke sarrafa su a Jufra-Hun, No. 1055 Squadron a Ghardabiya da kuma wani squadron da ba a san shi ba a Sabha Air Base . Ya zuwa watan Fabrairun 2007 AirForces Monthly ya ba da rahoton cewa duk jirgin sama na irin wannan an yi ritaya. A cikin 1970s da '80s Libyan MiGs da Tupolevs sun kasance baƙi na yau da kullun zuwa sararin samaniya na duniya, kusa da Italiya da sansanonin NATO. A ranar 19 ga watan Yulin 1980, an gano wani jirgin saman Sojojin Sama na Larabawa na Libya da ya fadi a kan Dutsen Sila kusa da Castelsilano, kudancin Italiya. An yi hasashen cewa taron zai haɗu da asarar Itavia Flight 870 'yan makonni da suka gabata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> LAAF ta rasa jimlar jiragen sama huɗu ga Amurka Navy F-14 Tomcats a cikin abubuwan da suka faru biyu a kan Tekun Sidra, a cikin 1981 da 1989. Bugu da kari, jiragen sama da yawa sun lalace ko lalace a ƙasa a 1986 lokacin da jiragen Amurka suka kai hari kan manufofi a Filin jirgin saman Benina da ke [[Benghazi]] da Filin jirgin sama na Mitiga da ke [[Tripoli]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> [[Fayil:F-4N_of_VF-51_intercepts_Libyan_Tu-22_1977.jpg|thumb|Wani jirgin ruwa na Amurka F-4N Phantom II ya tsayar da Tupolev Tu-22 da aka kawo wa Jamhuriyar Larabawa ta Libya, Afrilu 1977.]] An yi amfani da rundunar sojin sama sosai a yaƙin da aka yi a Chadi a shekarun 1980, don tallafawa rundunonin ƙasa na Libya . An ruwaito cewa an kai hare-haren bama-bamai da yawa na rundunar sojin saman Larabawa ta Libya a wurare masu tsayi da yawa lokacin da aka yi musu ruwan bama-bamai, don haka hare-haren ba su yi tasiri sosai ba. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1986, a matsayin ramuwar gayya ga harin sama na Ouadi Doum da rundunar sojin saman Faransa ta kai, wani jirgin LAAF Tu-22B guda ɗaya ya kai hari filin jirgin saman N'Djamena. Wannan jirgin ya gamu da matsalolin fasaha a tafiyarsa ta dawowa - Jiragen leƙen asiri na Amurka da ke Sudan sun sa ido kan kiran gaggawa da matukin jirgin Tu-22 ya aika wanda wataƙila ya faɗi kafin ya isa sansaninsa a Aouzou (watakila bututu biyu da suka harba shi daga filin jirgin saman N'Djamena sun buge shi). A ranar 7 ga Satumba 1987, an harbo wani jirgin Tu-22 a kan [[Ndjamena|N'Djamena]] ta hanyar batirin MIM-23 HAWK na Faransa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1986 jiragen saman Libya sun kai hare-hare da bama-bamai da yawa a kan fararen hula na [[Mutanen Zaghawa|Zaghawa]] da [[Mutanen Toubou|Toubou]], kabilun da suka fi aminci ga gwamnatin Chadi. A lokacin wadannan yaƙe-yaƙe na ta'addanci da yawa ƙauyuka a Yankin B.E.T sun lalace gaba ɗaya, an kashe mutane da yawa kuma dubban mutane sun gudu don neman mafaka a cikin koguna ko kuma sun haye sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira a Darfur. Gwamnatin Chadi ta yi tir da wadannan hare-haren kan fararen hula a matsayin [[Kisan kiyashi|kisan kare dangi]]. Chadians sun kwace sansanin Ouadi Doum a shekarar 1987 kuma sun lalata ko kuma sun kama SF.260s guda biyu, Mil Mi-25s guda uku, Tu-22B bom guda biyu, jiragen L-39 guda goma sha ɗaya, batir 9K33 Osa (SA-8) SAM guda biyu, da kuma ƙarin kayan aiki, makamai, kayan aiki da harsashi - wanda aka tashi zuwa Faransa da Amurka a cikin kwanaki biyar masu zuwa gaba. An aika jiragen sufuri na USAF C-5 Galaxy guda hudu zuwa N'Djamena don tattara kayan aikin Jamahiriya da aka kama. A ranar 5 ga Satumba 1987 masu fasaha na Chadi sun haye zuwa Libya kuma sun kai hari kan Maaten al-Sarra Air Base wanda ke da nisan kilomita 96.5 (60.0 a cikin yankin Libya. yaƙin Maaten al-Sarra babban nasara ne ga Chadi kuma an lalata jiragen sama da yawa na LAAF a ƙasa tare da ƙananan wadanda suka mutu a Chadi. A ranar 8 ga Oktoba 1987, wani LAAF Sukhoi Su-22 ya harbe shi ta hanyar tsarin tsaro na iska a arewacin Chadi. Direban jirgin, Kyaftin Dia ad-Din, ya fitar da shi kuma an kama shi. Nan da nan LAAF ta shirya aikin farfadowa; daga baya an harbe MiG-23. An dawo da matukin jirgi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1988, an harbe rundunar sojin saman Larabawa ta SIAI-Marchetti SF.260 a arewacin Chadi, kuma an kama ma'aikatanta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> === Bayan Yakin Cold zuwa yakin basasar Libya === [[Fayil:Libya_Air_Defence.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Makamai masu linzami na tsaron sama na Libya]] Da rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet da kuma kawar da tallafin soja daga sabuwar Tarayyar Rasha, tallafin Soviet/Rasha ya ragu sosai. Babban jigilar jiragen Soviet na ƙarshe zuwa ga Larabawan Libya shine jiragen Sukhoi Su-24 guda shida a watan Maris/Afrilu 1989. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A tsakiyar shekarun 1990s, Libya ta biya kudin da aka adana don Sojojin Sama na Larabawa na Siriya Su-24MK, a musayar taimakon Siriya don gudanar da Su-24s na Libya. A cikin nuna godiya ga wannan hadin gwiwa, LAAF ta ba da kyautar Su-24MR (wani nau'in bincike na musamman da yaƙin lantarki) ga Siriya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2008, Libya ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar jirgin sama mai lamba ATR 42 MP guda ɗaya daga Alenia na Italiya. Wasu rahotanni sun ambaci jiragen ATR 42 guda huɗu. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === Yakin basasar Libya / shiga tsakani na NATO === [[Fayil:Mirage_F1ED_(12549140495).jpg|right|thumb|Sojojin Sama na Jama'ar Libya Mirage F1ED]] Kafin yaƙin ya fara, Sojojin Sama na Jama'ar Libya suna da ma'aikata tsakanin 18,000 da 22,000 da jiragen sama 374 da helikofta - duk da haka, yawancin waɗannan jiragen ba su da tashi, kuma rundunar sojan sama gabaɗaya tana cikin mummunan yanayi lokacin da yaƙin ya ɓace.<ref name="heroairmen">{{Cite web |title=The hero airmen of Benghazi |url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 |website=The National}}</ref> A lokacin Yaƙin basasar Libya, jiragen yaki na Sojojin Sama na Libya da jirage masu saukar ungulu sun kai hari kan masu zanga-zangar, an ruwaito cewa suna da niyyar yin jana'izar jana'izar da kuma ƙungiyar masu zanga-zanga da ke ƙoƙarin isa sansanin sojoji. Mai binciken kare hakkin dan adam Ahmed Elgazir ya ba da rahoton cewa Cibiyar Labaran Libya (LNC) ta karɓi kiran waya ta tauraron dan adam daga wata mace da ba a san sunanta ba wacce ke "shaidar kisan kiyashi da ke gudana". Ba za a iya tabbatar da wannan bayanin ba, tunda an toshe layin waya a kasar.<ref name="airforce">{{Cite web |date=21 February 2011 |title=Report: Libya air force bombs protesters heading for army base |url=https://www.haaretz.com/news/international/report-libya-air-force-bombs-protesters-heading-for-army-base-1.344775 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222064756/http://www.haaretz.com/news/international/report-libya-air-force-bombs-protesters-heading-for-army-base-1.344775 |archive-date=22 February 2011 |access-date=21 February 2011 |website=Haaretz Daily Newspaper}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A lokacin watan farko na yakin basasar Libya tsakanin 19 ga Fabrairu da 19 ga Maris, sojojin 'yan tawaye sun sami nasarar kama hudu daga cikin 13 filayen jirgin saman Sojojin Libya, kuma suna kai hari kan wasu da yawa - don hana hallaka su, a cewar majiyoyin adawa, yawancin jiragen yaki na Sojojin Sama na Libya da masu saukar ungulu waɗanda har yanzu suna aiki an sake komawa sansanin sojan Ghardabiya kusa da Sirte da sansanin sojin saman Mitiga kusa da Tripoli.<ref name="heroairmen" /> A ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2011, manyan matukan jirgi biyu na LPAF, Kanar Ali al-Rabiti da Kanar Abdullah Salheen, sun sauya sheka zuwa 'yan adawa - sun tashi jiragen yaki na Mirage F-1ED, lambobin serial "502" da "508" zuwa Malta kuma sun nemi mafaka ta siyasa bayan sun kalubalanci umarnin jefa bam ga masu zanga-zangar.<ref name="heroairmen">{{Cite web |title=The hero airmen of Benghazi |url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 |website=The National}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 "The hero airmen of Benghazi"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="boresight">{{Cite web |title=The Boresight: Libyan Conflict: Fixed-wing Combat Aircraft make an Appearance |url=https://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708065618/http://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html |archive-date=8 July 2011 |access-date=2013-12-13 |publisher=Theboresight.blogspot.com}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga watan Fabrairu, an ruwaito cewa an kama jirgin sufuri na AN-26 a Kufra, yayin da a ranar 20 ga watan Fabira, an harbe wani jirgi mai saukar ungulu na Gadaffi (ko dai Mi-8 ko Mi-24) a Bayda.<ref name="boresight" /> A ranar 23 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2011, matukin jirgi Abdessalam Attiyah al-Abdali da mataimakin matukin jirage Ali Omar al-Kadhafi - ma'aikatan jirgin Sukhoi-22 - sun fitar da su da parachute a kusa da Ajdabiya, kilomita 161 (100 yammacin Benghazi, bayan sun ki amincewa da umarnin jefa bam a birnin Benghazi, don haka suka rushe jirgin Su-22 .<ref name="heroairmen">{{Cite web |title=The hero airmen of Benghazi |url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 |website=The National}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 "The hero airmen of Benghazi"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> Sojojin adawa da Gaddafi da Kungiyoyin adawa da Siriya sun yi iƙirarin cewa matukan jirgin saman Siriya suna kai hari ga Jamahiriya ta Larabawa ta Libya.<ref name="boresight">{{Cite web |title=The Boresight: Libyan Conflict: Fixed-wing Combat Aircraft make an Appearance |url=https://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708065618/http://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html |archive-date=8 July 2011 |access-date=2013-12-13 |publisher=Theboresight.blogspot.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html "The Boresight: Libyan Conflict: Fixed-wing Combat Aircraft make an Appearance"]. </cite></ref> A cewar majiyoyin adawa, yawancin matukan jirgin saman Sojojin Sama na Jama'ar Libya sun ki yin biyayya da umarni na jefa bama-bamai ga masu zanga-zangar, a maimakon haka sun jefa bama-mamai da gangan a wuraren da aka yi watsi da su.<ref name="heroairmen" /> Har ila yau a wannan rana, a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu 2011, 'yan tawaye sun kama sansanin sojan saman Benina a kudancin Benghazi - a lokacin yakin da aka yi a filin jirgin sama, sojojin 'yan ta'adda sun lalata wani jirgi mai saukar ungulu na Gadaffi Mi-24 (lambar jerin "853") yayin da wasu jirage masu saukar ungulu guda biyu (lambar yaki ta Mi-25D serial number "854", da kuma lambar jirgi mai suna Mi-14 mai saukar ungul din jigilar kaya "1406") sojojin ta kama su.<ref name="boresight" /> 'Yan tawaye sun yi iƙirarin cewa sun harbe jiragen yaki na Jamahiriya kuma sun kai hari kan jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu a kan Brega da Ra's Lanuf. Wani jirgi mai saukar ungulu na Gadaffi (ko dai Mi-8 ko Mi-24) ya harbe shi a Misrata da sojojin 'yan tawaye tare da MANPAD-s, ma'aikatan biyar sun tsira kuma sojojin 'yan tawayen sun kama su.<ref name="boresight" /> [[Fayil:Libyan_Air_Force_Sukhoi_Su-22M3_Lofting.jpg|right|thumb|LARAF Sukhoi Su-22M3 Fitter-H]] A Brega rundunar 'yan tawaye ta harbe jirgin yaki na Gadaffi Mirage F-1ED a ranar 2 ga Maris 2011, don haka ya bar jirgin sama mai horar da Mirage F-BD guda daya da ke hannun sojojin Gadaffi, yayin da a wannan rana daya mai goyon bayan Gadaffi SU-22M-3K ya lalace ta hanyar wuta ta 'yan ta'adda a Brega (masu tawaye sun yi iƙirarin cewa sun harbe shi [1]).[undefined] An bayar da rahoton cewa sojojin 'yan tawaye sun harbe wasu jirage masu saukar ungulu da jiragen yaki da yawa na Gadaffi yayin yakin da aka yi wa Brega tsakanin 2 ga Maris da 3 ga Maris, duk da haka wannan da'awar ba a tabbatar da ita ba. Kwanaki da yawa bayan haka, a ranar 4 ga watan Maris, sojojin 'yan tawaye sun kama daya da aka watsar da shi a filin jirgin saman Ra's Lanuf. Har ila yau, a ranar 5 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, 'yan tawaye sun harbe wani mai fashewa da Gadaffi Su-24MK, lambar serial "38" na rundunar sojan saman Libya ta 1124 tare da bindigar ZU-23-2 (an kashe matukan jirgi biyu), sannan washegari,' yan tawaye sun kuma harbe wani helikofta mai goyon bayan Gadaffi (ko dai Mi-8 ko Mi-24) kusa da Ra's Lanuf tare da bindiga mai tsayayya da ZPU-4.[1][undefined][3] Wasu jiragen yaki guda uku na Gadaffi (biyu daga cikinsu Su-22 fighter bombers - an kama matukan jiragensu, an ruwaito su 'yan Suriya da Sudanese mercenaries) da kuma wasu jirage masu saukar ungulu guda biyu na Gadafi (ko dai Mi-8 ko Mi-24) an ruwaito cewa sojojin 'yan tawaye sun harbe su yayin yakin Ra's Lanuf tsakanin 5 Maris da 7 Maris, duk da haka waɗannan da's ikirarin sun kasance ba a tabbatar da su ba. Gwamnatin Jamahiriya ko kafofin masu zaman kansu ba su tabbatar da yawan jiragen sama da kuma irin nau'ikan jiragen sama da aka harbe su ba. Yin amfani da ikon iska, Sojojin Libya sun hana 'yan adawa ci gaba zuwa yamma, zuwa Bin Jawad a farkon watan Maris. A ranar 11 ga watan Maris, rundunar sojan sama ta Gaza ta ƙare da man fetur mai inganci, kuma an yi ƙoƙari don cin hanci ga jami'an Sojojin Sama na Malta don siyan ƙarin man fetur. A ranar 13 ga watan Maris, Ali Atiyya, wani kwamandan rundunar sojin saman Libya a Filin jirgin saman soja na Mitiga, kusa da Tripoli, ya sanar da cewa ya sauya sheka kuma ya shiga juyin juya halin, kuma wannan shine farkon shari'ar ma'aikatan sojin saman Libyan da suka sauya shika zuwa adawa. Da sauri sauye-sauye sun fara tasiri ga rundunar sojan sama mai goyon bayan Gadaffi - a cewar majiyoyin adawa, daruruwan matukan jirgi, masu fasaha da ma'aikatan ƙasa sun sauya sheka ga 'yan adawa a farkon rabin watan Maris. A wannan rana, a ranar 13 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, bisa ga labarai da aka buga a ranar 20 ga watan Maris ta bangaren kafofin watsa labarai na adawa Al Manara Media, matukin jirgi Muhammad Mokhtar Osman ya fadi jirgin saman yaƙi, MiG-23BN, a Bab al-Azizia fili a Tripoli a cikin wani kamikaze-style harin kashe kansa a kan babban kwamandan soja mai goyon bayan Gadaffi, inda Khamis ya ji rauni sosai kuma ya mutu daga raunukansa mako guda bayan haka, wannan labarai ya tabbatar da kowane tushe ya sananne ga sojojin da ke goyon bayan Gadda Gadaffi ya tabbatar da rai A ranar 15 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, jirgin saman sojan saman Libya ya kai hari na farko a kan masu goyon bayan Gadaffi, ya tashi yaƙi shida. A cewar majiyoyin adawa, a wannan rana 'yan tawaye MiG-23BN fighter jet da Mi-24 yaƙi helicopter na farko sun nutse jiragen yaki biyu na Gadaffi kuma sun lalata jirgin yaki na Gadaffi na uku a kusa da bakin tekun Ajadabiyah, sannan suka jefa bam a kan ginshiƙan tankin Gaddafi a waje da Brega da Ajadabijah. Har ila yau, a wannan rana, jiragen yaki na MiG-23BN na 'yan tawaye sun jefa bam a sansanin sojan saman Ghardabiya, sun lalata titin jirgin sama.<ref name="heroairmen">{{Cite web |title=The hero airmen of Benghazi |url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 |website=The National}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 "The hero airmen of Benghazi"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="boresight">{{Cite web |title=The Boresight: Libyan Conflict: Fixed-wing Combat Aircraft make an Appearance |url=https://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708065618/http://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html |archive-date=8 July 2011 |access-date=2013-12-13 |publisher=Theboresight.blogspot.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html "The Boresight: Libyan Conflict: Fixed-wing Combat Aircraft make an Appearance"]. </cite></ref> A ranar 16 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, matukan jirgi guda daya na [[MIG 21UM|MiG-21UM]]-bis" id="mwAe8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mig21-bis">MiG-21bis da kuma daya na MiM-21UM wanda ya tashi daga filin jirgin saman Ghardabiya sun sauya sheka tare da jiragensu zuwa ga 'yan adawa kuma sun sauka a sansanin sojan sama na 'yan tawaye a Brega. <ref name="boresight" /><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=Accident MiG-21bis (type-75) 804, 17 Mar 2011 |url=http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=121151 |access-date=10 April 2019 |website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref> Jirgin saman sojan saman Libya na kyauta ya gudanar da karin hare-haren sama a ranar 16 ga watan Maris, yana tashi yaƙi uku tare da jirage masu saukar ungulu na Mi-24 da Mi-8, yana jefa bama-bamai a kan ginshiƙan tanki na Gadaffi kusa da Ajadabiyah - a lokacin da aka yi yaƙi da wani jirgi mai saukar ungulu mai saukar ungulinta na Mi-24 a kusa da Ajadbiyah, ya kashe mutum uku yayin da mutum ɗaya ne kawai, Ismael Kuttep, ya tsira (daga cikin wadanda aka kashe Hussien Werfalli, kwamandan rundunar sojan sama ta Benharina, wanda ya sauya daga sansanin sojan sama na Gbiya da suka sauya baya <ref name="heroairmen" /> daga sansanin jirgin sama.<ref name="boresight" /> 'Yan tawaye sun yi iƙirarin cewa sun harbe abin da ya zama MiG-21 a waje da Bohadi. A ranar 17 ga watan Maris, an harbe wani mai fafutukar fashewar bam na Gadaffi Su-22UM3K a kan Benina AB, matukin jirgi, wanda aka ruwaito shi dan kwangila ne na Aljeriya, an fitar da shi lafiya kuma sojojin 'yan tawaye sun kama shi.<ref name="boresight">{{Cite web |title=The Boresight: Libyan Conflict: Fixed-wing Combat Aircraft make an Appearance |url=https://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708065618/http://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html |archive-date=8 July 2011 |access-date=2013-12-13 |publisher=Theboresight.blogspot.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html "The Boresight: Libyan Conflict: Fixed-wing Combat Aircraft make an Appearance"]. </cite></ref> A wannan rana, a ranar 17 ga Maris 2011, wani "Free Libya Air Force" MiG-21UM ya fadi bayan ya tashi daga filin jirgin saman Benina saboda matsalolin fasaha, matukin jirgin ya fita lafiya.<ref name="boresight" /><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=Accident MiG-21bis (type-75) 804, 17 Mar 2011 |url=http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=121151 |access-date=10 April 2019 |website=aviation-safety.net}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRanter">Ranter, Harro. </cite></ref> Jirgin MiG-21UM mai tawaye wanda ya fadi a ranar 17 ga watan Maris an tashi daga Ghardabiya Air Base kusa da Sirte zuwa Benina ta hanyar matukin jirgi mai sauyawa ranar da ta gabata. <ref name="boresight" /> <ref name="aviation-safety.net">{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=Accident MiG-21bis (type-75) 804, 17 Mar 2011 |url=http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=121151 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103163657/http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=121151 |archive-date=3 November 2012 |access-date=19 March 2011 |website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref> A wannan rana a ranar 17 ga Maris 2011, jiragen yaki na Gadaffi sun jefa bam a sansanin sojan saman Benina, inda suka lalata jiragen fasinja guda uku - YAK-40 guda biyu da Boeing 737-26D daya da Air Libya ke sarrafawa - wadanda aka ajiye a can a kan titin jirgin sama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, sojojin tsaron sama na 'yan tawaye sun harbe wani ɗan tawaye MiG-23BN a kan Benghazi a cikin wani lamari na kuskuren ainihi. Direban jirgin, Colonel Mohammed Mbarak al-Okali ya fitar da shi amma a ƙasa sosai, kuma an kashe shi a sakamakon haka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> BBC News ta ruwaito a ranar 20 ga watan Maris cewa an harbe jirgin saman 'yan tawaye ta hanyar tsaron iska a lokacin da aka yi ƙoƙari ya jefa bam a kan ginshiƙan tanki na Gadaffi kusa da Benghazi. [[Fayil:Ghardabiya_Airfield_-_Damaged_Aircraft_Shelters_-_Operation_Odyssey_Dawn.jpg|thumb|Lalacewar filin jirgin saman Ghardabiya na Sojojin Sama na Libya bayan da jirgin saman hadin gwiwa ya kai masa hari, 20 Maris 2011]] A cewar majiyoyin adawa, jiragen yaki na MiG-21 da MiG-23, jirage masu saukar ungulu na yaki na Mi-24, matukan jirgi na 'yan tawaye 14, masu fasaha 50 da daruruwan ma'aikatan ƙasa, dukansu sun kasance a sansanin sojan saman Benina, sun kasance masu mahimmanci wajen kare Benghazi daga hare-haren da ke goyon bayan Gadaffi, suna kaddamar da hare-harun iska da yawa a farkon rabin gabashin Maris a kan sojojin Gadaffi da ke ci gaba a gabashin Libya, tare da ranar yaƙi mafi wuya ga sojojin iska na Libya 19 Maris, lokacin da sojojin da suka yi ƙoƙarin kama Benghazi.<ref name="heroairmen">{{Cite web |title=The hero airmen of Benghazi |url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 |website=The National}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 "The hero airmen of Benghazi"]. </cite></ref> Amma rundunar sojan sama ta 'yan tawaye ta sha wahala sosai a cikin tsari - bisa ga kafofin adawa, tsakanin 1 ga Maris da 19 ga Maris, rundunar sojin saman ta'addan ta kaddamar da jimlar hare-hare 38 (kwana daga cikinsu an gudanar da su ta hanyar Mi-24 yaƙi mai kai hari) a kan ci gaba da sojojin da ke goyon bayan Gadaffi a gabashin Libya, amma sun rasa a cikin tsari jiragen yaki guda biyu da helikofta guda ɗaya, suna fama da matukan jirgi takwas da 'yan bindiga da aka kashe.<ref name="heroairmen" /> A ranar 17 ga Maris 2011. , Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da ƙudurin Majalisar Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkinobho na 1973 wanda ya ba da izinin aikin soja a kan gwamnatin Gadaffi - tare da kuri'u 10 da suka goyi bayan, 0 da suka ƙi da 5 da suka ƙi, an kafa yankin da ba a tashi ba a duk Libya tare da ƙuduri na Majalisar Tsaro nke Majalisar Dinkin duniya na 1973. Duk da haka, duka masu goyon bayan Gadaffi da masu goyon bayan 'yan tawaye sun ci gaba da tashi a cikin kwanaki biyu masu zuwa, suna kaddamar da hare-haren sama da yawa har zuwa daren 19 ga Maris, lokacin da sojojin NATO suka aiwatar da yankin da ba za a tashi ba, suna rushe jiragen yaki na' yan tawaye da masu goyon baya ga Gadaffi daga wannan lokacin.<ref name="heroairmen">{{Cite web |title=The hero airmen of Benghazi |url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 |website=The National}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 "The hero airmen of Benghazi"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A ƙarshen rana a ranar 19 ga watan Maris, an kaddamar da hare-haren jiragen sama na farko na hadin gwiwa a kan gwamnatin Gadaffi, tare da jiragen yaki na Faransa da ke jefa bam a kan ginshiƙan tanki na Gadaffi a ƙofar Benghazi, suna dakatar da hare-hare a kan sojojin 'yan tawaye a Benghazi. Jiragen yaki na Amurka da na Burtaniya sun kaddamar da makamai masu linzami sama da 120 na Tomahawk a kan tsaron iska na Jamahiriya da kuma bama-bamai masu linzamin B-2 na Amurka guda hudu da suka kai hari kuma suka lalata filayen jirgin saman Jamahiriya a cikin dare na 19 ga Maris, tare da karin hare-haren jiragen sama da makamai mai linzamin kwamfuta da aka kaddamar a kan gwamnatin Gadaffi a cikin kwanaki masu zuwa, suna lalata damar yaki na sojojin saman Libya da masu goyon bayan Gadaffi da masu tsaron iska. A ranar 22 ga watan Maris, jirgin saman sojan saman Amurka F15E ya fadi a kusa da Benghazi saboda matsalolin inji; matukan jirgi biyu sun fita lafiya sannan kuma kungiyoyin bincike da ceto na Amurka suka cece su, kuma a lokacin ceto matukan jirage na Amurka, kungiyoyin bincike na Amurka sun harbe kuma sun jikkata fararen hula shida na Libya a ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, BBC ta nakalto Mataimakin Marshal na Air na Burtaniya Greg Bagwell yana cewa Sojojin Sama na Jama'ar Libya "ba su wanzu a matsayin dakarun yaƙi ba" kuma an lalata tsaron iska na Libya har zuwa lokacin da sojojin NATO za su iya aiki a sararin samaniya na Libya "ba tare da hukunci ba". A ranar 24 ga watan Maris, kafofin watsa labarai da yawa sun ba da rahoton cewa Dassault Rafale na Faransa ya lalata G-2 Galeb kusa da Misrata. Rahotanni na farko game da aikin Faransa sun ce jirgin LPAF, G-2 / Galeb tare da injin guda ɗaya, yana cikin iska lokacin da aka buga shi. Mai magana da yawun sojojin Faransa Col. Thierry Burkhard daga baya ya ce jirgin ya sauka ne kawai lokacin da harin ya faru. A ranar 26 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, Sojojin Sama na Faransa sun ba da rahoton cewa an lalata jirgin sama na Soko G-2 Galeb guda biyar a ƙasa a filin jirgin saman Misrata tare da jirage masu saukar ungulu biyu na Mi-35, amma hotunan tauraron dan adam daga baya sun nuna cewa jirgin sama guda biyar da aka lalata a zahiri MiG-23s ne. Wani jirgin saman F-16 na Sojojin Sama na Belgium ya bugi jirgin saman Sojojin Sojan Sama na Libya Su-22UM3K a ƙasa yayin wani aiki a ranar 27 ga Maris. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Afrilu, wani jirgin saman yaki na Mi-25D na Free Libya (lambar jerin "854" - wanda sojojin 'yan tawaye suka kama a sansanin sojan saman Benina a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu 2011) ya jefa bam a kan sansanonin sojojin Gaddafi a Ajadabiya, amma daga bisani sojojin Gaddaf masu goyon baya suka harbe shi; an kashe kyaftin din matukin jirgin Hussein al-Warfali. Har ila yau a wannan rana a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, jirgin saman yaki na Free Libya MiG-23BN ya tsayar da jiragen yaki na NATO a kan Benghazi, kuma ya dawo da shi zuwa tushe daidai da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ta ba da izini kuma ta kafa yankin da ba ta tashi a kan Libya ba.<ref name="boresight">{{Cite web |title=The Boresight: Libyan Conflict: Fixed-wing Combat Aircraft make an Appearance |url=https://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708065618/http://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html |archive-date=8 July 2011 |access-date=2013-12-13 |publisher=Theboresight.blogspot.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html "The Boresight: Libyan Conflict: Fixed-wing Combat Aircraft make an Appearance"]. </cite></ref> A ranar 7 ga Mayu, bayan makonni na cikakken rashin aiki, Sojojin Sama na Jama'ar Libya sun gudanar da hari na iska mai nasara a kan wuraren ajiyar man fetur da ke hannun 'yan tawaye a Misrata, suna jefa musu bama-bamai kuma suna ƙone su. 'Yan tawaye sun ba da rahoton cewa an gudanar da harin ne tare da jirgin sama mai narke amfanin gona, amma mai yiwuwa an yi amfani da jirgin sama na SF.260 mai sauƙi daga filin jirgin saman Misrata. NATO ta kasa tsayar da aikin bam din.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A lokacin yakin da kuma shiga tsakani da NATO ke jagoranta a Libya, sojojin 'yan tawaye na Libya sun yi amfani da jiragen yaki na MiG-21 guda uku a matsayin masu tsaron jiragen sama na kayan aiki zuwa yammacin Libya, suna kula da jiragen sufuri da ke isar da kayayyaki ga garuruwan' yan tawaye da birane a yammacin Libya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |date=27 July 2011 |title=The Free Libyan Air Force |url=https://www.military.com/defensetech/2011/07/27/the-free-libyan-air-force-2 |access-date=10 April 2019 |website=Military.com}}</ref> Wadannan jiragen sama guda uku na Free Libya - biyu MiG-21bis guda daya da kuma daya MiG-21UM guda biyu - an dauki hotuna suna tashi sama da sansanin sojan saman Benina a kudancin Benghazi a ranar 27 ga Yuni 2011.<ref name="auto1" /> Bayan shan kashi na sojojin da ke da aminci ga Muammar Gaddafi da nasarar 'yan tawaye a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2011, an ɗaga yankin da ba a tashi ba kuma rundunar sojan saman Jamahiriya Mirage F-1ED guda biyu da aka kafa a Malta bayan matukan jirgi sun ki umarnin jefa bam ga' yan adawa a lokacin yakin basasa, an ba su izinin komawa Libya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A ƙarshe an mayar da jiragen zuwa Libya a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu 2012, daidai shekara guda zuwa ranar da suka sauya sheka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> Batun Combat Aircraft na Mayu 2011 ya haɗa da labarin da ke rufe abubuwan iska na yakin basasar Libya na 2011. === Yaƙin basasa na Biyu === == Filin jirgin saman soja == Cibiyoyin sojan sama sun hada da: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> * Cibiyar Jirgin Sama ta Al-Jufra (kusa da Hun) * Cibiyar Jirgin Sama ta Al-Watiya (kilomita 50 kudu da [[Zuwarah|Zuwara]]) &nbsp; * Benina (kusa da [[Benghazi]]) * Gamal Abdel Nasser Airbase (kusa da Tobruk): tsohon RAF Station El-Adem, 1942-1970. * Filin jirgin saman Ghadames * Ghardabiya Air Base kusa da Sirte * Filin jirgin saman Ghat * Filin jirgin saman Al Abraq (kusa da Bayda) * Cibiyar Jirgin Sama ta Maaten al-Sarra * Filin jirgin saman Misrata * Mitiga (kusa da Tripoli): tsohon USAF Wheelus Air Base, 1948-1970. * Sabha Air Base == Jirgin sama da Makamai masu linzami == === Abubuwan da ke cikin yanzu === {| class="wikitable" |+Gwamnatin hadin kan kasa (wanda aka amince da shi a duniya) ! style="text-align:center; background:#acc;" |Jirgin sama ! style="text-align: center; background:#acc;" |Asalin ! style="text-align:l center; background:#acc;" |Irin wannan ! style="text-align:left; background:#acc;" |Bambanci ! style="text-align:center; background:#acc;" |Adadin ! style="text-align: center; background:#acc;" |Bayani |- ! colspan="7" style="align: center; background: lavender;" |Jirgin yaki |- |Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 |[[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] |Jirgin yaki da bama-bamai |BN |2 | |- |Soko J-21 Jastreb |Yugoslavia |Harin | |1 |Ana iya yin amfani da shi. |- ! colspan="7" style="align: center; background: lavender;" |Jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu |- |Mil Mi-24 |Tarayyar Soviet |Harin | |? | |- |Dubban Mi-17 |Tarayyar Soviet |Sufuri | |? | |- ! colspan="7" style="align: center; background: lavender;" |Jirgin sama mai horarwa |- |Soko G-2 Galeb |Yugoslavia |Mai horar da jirgin sama / Harin Haske | |3 | |- |Jirgin sama L-39 Albatros |Czechoslovakia |Mai horar da jirgin sama / Harin Haske |ZO |5 | |- |SIAI-Marchetti SF.260 |Italiya |Mai horar da / Harin Haske |ML |1+ | |- ! colspan="7" style="align: center; background: lavender;" |Motocin sama marasa matuka |- |Baykar Bayraktar Akıncı |Turkiyya |Motar yaki ba tare da mutum ba | |? |Ɗaya ya fadi a watan Janairun shekara ta 2025. |- |Baykar Bayraktar TB2 |Turkiyya |Motar yaki ba tare da mutum ba | |20<ref name="MilAfrica" /> |Da yawa sun rasa a lokacin Rikicin Libya.<ref name="MilAfrica" /> |- |} === Manyan makamai masu linzami zuwa iska zuwa 2011 ===   * Almaz S-75 Volga / SA-2 Jagora - Brigades 6 tare da masu jefa 18 kowannensu; * Almaz S-125 Pechora / SA-3 Goa - 9 Brigades tare da 12 lancers kowannensu; * Almaz S-200VE Vega / SA-5 Gammon long range missile systems - 8 battalions na 6 launers kowannensu a 4 shafuka da kuma kimanin 380 makamai masu linzami; * Crotale - sayen 9 da raka'a 27 * 9K33 Osa/ SA-8 Gecko - 50 * 9K38 Igla - 380; * 9K34 Strela-3 - 278; * ZSU-23-4 - 200; * ZSU-57-2 - 75; * 2K12 Kub - 50; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Majalisar Canjin Kasa]] ** Free Libyan Air Force - rundunar sojan sama ta Majalisar Canji ta Kasa, tarin ma'aikatan Sojojin Loyalist da suka yi watsi da su da kuma jirgin sama da aka kama wadanda suka hada kansu da sojojin da ke adawa da Gaddafi a Yaƙin basasar Libya. == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 01d00i2o0tz19ky5vza31sjl8k4lcpt 974843 974841 2026-11-01T15:58:45Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sojojin Sama na Libya''' (Arabic) reshe ne na Sojojin Libya da ke da alhakin Yaƙin sama. A cikin shekara ta 2010, kafin Yaƙin basasar Libya, an kiyasta ƙarfin ma'aikatan Sojojin Sama na Libya a 18,000, tare da lissafin jiragen sama 374 masu iya yaƙi da ke aiki daga sansanonin soja 13 a Libya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> Tun bayan yakin basasa na 2011 da rikice-rikicen da ke gudana, ƙungiyoyi da yawa da ke fada a Libya suna da jirgin sama na soja. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2019 Sojojin Sama na Libya suna ƙarƙashin ikon Gwamnatin Yarjejeniyar Kasa da aka amince da ita a [[Tripoli]], kodayake abokin hamayyar Sojojin Kasa na Libya na Marshal [[Khalifa Haftar]] yana da babbar rundunar sojan sama. A cikin shekarar 2021, rundunar sojan sama tana karkashin umurnin sabon Shugaban Libya, Mohamed al-Menfi wanda ya maye gurbin Fayez al-Sarraj. An kuma kafa rundunar sojan sama a matsayin Royal Libyan Air Force (''Al Quwwat al Jawwiya al Malakiya al Libiyya'') a watan Satumbar 1962 ta hanyar yanke shawara na ministan tsaro Abd al-Nabi Yunis . An sanya Lieutenant Col. al-Hadi Salem al-Husomi don jagorantar sabuwar rundunar. Da farko an sanye shi da ƙananan jigilar kaya da masu horarwa: Douglas C-47s da Lockheed T-33s. Koyaya, an kawo F-5 Freedom Fighters daga 1969.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A shekara ta 1970 ta canza sunanta zuwa '''Sojojin Sama na Jamhuriyar Larabawa ta Libya'''.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Cooper|Grandolini|Delalande|2015}}</ref> Bayan sojojin Amurka sun bar Libya a shekarar 1970, Wheelus Air Base, tsohon wurin Amurka kimanin kilomita 11 (6.8 daga [[Tripoli]], ya zama shigarwar LARAF kuma an sake masa suna Okba Ben Nafi Air Base. Cibiyar ta kasance hedkwatar LARAF da kuma babban bangare na manyan wuraren horo. Farawa a cikin 1970, an sami fadada rundunar sojan sama, tare da sayen jirgin yaki na Faransa da kuma daga baya na Soviet.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Cooper|Grandolini|Delalande|2015}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Shekaru na farko (1962-1969) === [[Fayil:Libyan_MiG-25_in_flight_c1985.jpg|left|thumb|A LAAF Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25.]] A watan Mayu na shekara ta 1967, Masarautar Libya ta cimma yarjejeniya da Amurka don samar da 10 Northrop F-5s ga Royal Libyan Air Force . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> Wadannan su ne mayakan farko ga matasan Sojojin Sama, wanda kawai ke aiki da jigilar Douglas C-47 guda shida da masu horar da Lockheed T-33 guda uku a lokacin. Ma'aikata hamsin da shida sun sami horo a sansanoni a Amurka, matukan jirgi a Williams Air Force Base; Ƙungiyar Bincike ta Amurka kan fadada ta zo Libya a watan Agustan 1968 don kula da gabatarwar mayakan. Ayyukan F-5s sun ragu bayan juyin mulkin 1969 kuma ya bayyana cewa an sayar da mafi yawan ga Turkiyya. Sojojin Tsaro na Libya sun kasance wani ɓangare na Sojojin Sama kuma suna da cibiyar tsaro ta iska ta biyu mafi girma a yankin (na biyu ga Masar). Koyaya, kayan aikin - wanda galibi makamai ne na Soviet daga shekarun 1960 da 1970 - sun wuce zamani kuma sun tabbatar da rashin inganci a lokacin fashewar bam na Libya ta 1986 da Sojojin Sama na Amurka suka yi. Ɗaya daga cikin jirage 45 da suka kai hari na Amurka ne kawai aka harbe shi. Saboda takunkumi a cikin shekarun 1980, ba za a iya inganta tsarin ba bayan harin Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> === Lokacin Gaddafi na farko (1969-1989) === A cikin watanni bayan juyin mulkin 1969, Libya ta nisanta kanta daga Burtaniya da Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> Duk da haka, a shekarar 1971, Amurka ta samar da jiragen sama guda takwas kirar C-130 Hs. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> Madadin haka, an samar da kusanci da Faransa. Saboda haka, an sanya hannu kan odar jiragen sama kirar Dassault Mirage 5s 110, jiragen Fouga Magisters goma sha biyu, jiragen Aérospatiale Alouette IIIs goma da jiragen Aérospatiale SA 321 Super Frelons tara a watan Disamba na 1969. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Cooper|Grandolini|Delalande|2015}}</ref> Tattaunawa don siyan jiragen saman soja na Soviet ta fara ne kawai a shekarar 1973, bisa la'akari da abubuwan da suka faru a Yaƙin Yom Kippur . Wadannan sun haifar da isar da jiragen kariya na MiG-23 MS guda 54 da jiragen kariya na MiG-23UB, jiragen kai hari na MiG-23BN guda 35, da kuma jiragen yaki na MiG-21bis guda 64 da jiragen kariya na MiG-21UM. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Cooper|Grandolini|Delalande|2015}}</ref> An kuma sayi jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu guda goma sha huɗu na Tupolev Tu-22 a wannan lokacin. <ref name="LAW1 p17">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Cooper|Grandolini|Delalande|2015}}</ref> An ci gaba da hulɗa da Faransa, kuma an yi odar jiragen Dassault Mirage F1 AD 16, F1BD 6 da F1ED 16 a shekarar 1975. <ref name="LAW1 p17" /> A ƙarshe, an sayi jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu guda 240 na SIAI-Marchetti SF.260 daga Italiya, da kuma jiragen Soko G-2 Galebs 50. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A tsakiyar shekarun 1970, an kuma sayi jiragen helikwafta masu ɗaukar kaya na Chinook guda 20 na CH-47 daga Italiya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> 14 daga cikinsu an mayar da su ga sojoji a lokacin shekarun 1990. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Da duk waɗannan sayayya, cikin 'yan shekaru kaɗan, adadin jiragen sama da ke aiki a LAAF ya ƙaru sosai. Duk da haka, babu wata hanyar horar da isassun matukan jirgi da ma'aikatan ƙasa don sarrafa duk waɗannan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> Saboda haka, an amince da yarjejeniyoyi da ƙasashe masu abokantaka don sarrafa wasu daga cikin jiragen LAAF. Jiragen saman Siriya sun yi aiki da rundunonin MiG-23 guda biyu. Hakazalika, kimanin jiragen saman Koriya ta Arewa 100 ne suka yi aiki da MiG-21 tsakanin 1979 da 1981. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A ƙarshe, an sanya wasu daga cikin sabbin jiragen da aka saya a cikin ajiya. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Cooper|Grandolini|Delalande|2015}}</ref> Daga cikin jiragen yaƙi, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta kiyasta a 1983 cewa kashi 50 cikin ɗari sun kasance a cikin ajiya, ciki har da yawancin jiragen saman MiG da jiragen bam na Tu-22. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Dassault Mirage 5s da aka saya jim kadan bayan Gaddafi ya karɓi mulki Masar ta yi amfani da su a asirce a lokacin Yakin Yom Kippur . Daga baya aka mayar da su Libya. Wadannan jiragen sun yi ritaya a cikin 2008, suna amfani da su don kayan aikin Sojojin Sama na Pakistan. Sojojin Sama na Jamhuriyar Larabawa na Libya sun yi amfani da adadi mai yawa na Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25, wasu kafofin sun ce an kawo sama da 60. Nau'ikan sun kasance na MiG-25PD, MiG-25RBK, MiG-25-PU da MiG-25RU. No. 1025 Squadron ne ke sarrafa su a Jufra-Hun, No. 1055 Squadron a Ghardabiya da kuma wani squadron da ba a san shi ba a Sabha Air Base . Ya zuwa watan Fabrairun 2007 AirForces Monthly ya ba da rahoton cewa duk jirgin sama na irin wannan an yi ritaya. A cikin 1970s da '80s Libyan MiGs da Tupolevs sun kasance baƙi na yau da kullun zuwa sararin samaniya na duniya, kusa da Italiya da sansanonin NATO. A ranar 19 ga watan Yulin 1980, an gano wani jirgin saman Sojojin Sama na Larabawa na Libya da ya fadi a kan Dutsen Sila kusa da Castelsilano, kudancin Italiya. An yi hasashen cewa taron zai haɗu da asarar Itavia Flight 870 'yan makonni da suka gabata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> LAAF ta rasa jimlar jiragen sama huɗu ga Amurka Navy F-14 Tomcats a cikin abubuwan da suka faru biyu a kan Tekun Sidra, a cikin 1981 da 1989. Bugu da kari, jiragen sama da yawa sun lalace ko lalace a ƙasa a 1986 lokacin da jiragen Amurka suka kai hari kan manufofi a Filin jirgin saman Benina da ke [[Benghazi]] da Filin jirgin sama na Mitiga da ke [[Tripoli]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> [[Fayil:F-4N_of_VF-51_intercepts_Libyan_Tu-22_1977.jpg|thumb|Wani jirgin ruwa na Amurka F-4N Phantom II ya tsayar da Tupolev Tu-22 da aka kawo wa Jamhuriyar Larabawa ta Libya, Afrilu 1977.]] An yi amfani da rundunar sojin sama sosai a yaƙin da aka yi a Chadi a shekarun 1980, don tallafawa rundunonin ƙasa na Libya . An ruwaito cewa an kai hare-haren bama-bamai da yawa na rundunar sojin saman Larabawa ta Libya a wurare masu tsayi da yawa lokacin da aka yi musu ruwan bama-bamai, don haka hare-haren ba su yi tasiri sosai ba. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1986, a matsayin ramuwar gayya ga harin sama na Ouadi Doum da rundunar sojin saman Faransa ta kai, wani jirgin LAAF Tu-22B guda ɗaya ya kai hari filin jirgin saman N'Djamena. Wannan jirgin ya gamu da matsalolin fasaha a tafiyarsa ta dawowa - Jiragen leƙen asiri na Amurka da ke Sudan sun sa ido kan kiran gaggawa da matukin jirgin Tu-22 ya aika wanda wataƙila ya faɗi kafin ya isa sansaninsa a Aouzou (watakila bututu biyu da suka harba shi daga filin jirgin saman N'Djamena sun buge shi). A ranar 7 ga Satumba 1987, an harbo wani jirgin Tu-22 a kan [[Ndjamena|N'Djamena]] ta hanyar batirin MIM-23 HAWK na Faransa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1986 jiragen saman Libya sun kai hare-hare da bama-bamai da yawa a kan fararen hula na [[Mutanen Zaghawa|Zaghawa]] da [[Mutanen Toubou|Toubou]], kabilun da suka fi aminci ga gwamnatin Chadi. A lokacin wadannan yaƙe-yaƙe na ta'addanci da yawa ƙauyuka a Yankin B.E.T sun lalace gaba ɗaya, an kashe mutane da yawa kuma dubban mutane sun gudu don neman mafaka a cikin koguna ko kuma sun haye sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira a Darfur. Gwamnatin Chadi ta yi tir da wadannan hare-haren kan fararen hula a matsayin [[Kisan kiyashi|kisan kare dangi]]. Chadians sun kwace sansanin Ouadi Doum a shekarar 1987 kuma sun lalata ko kuma sun kama SF.260s guda biyu, Mil Mi-25s guda uku, Tu-22B bom guda biyu, jiragen L-39 guda goma sha ɗaya, batir 9K33 Osa (SA-8) SAM guda biyu, da kuma ƙarin kayan aiki, makamai, kayan aiki da harsashi - wanda aka tashi zuwa Faransa da Amurka a cikin kwanaki biyar masu zuwa gaba. An aika jiragen sufuri na USAF C-5 Galaxy guda hudu zuwa N'Djamena don tattara kayan aikin Jamahiriya da aka kama. A ranar 5 ga Satumba 1987 masu fasaha na Chadi sun haye zuwa Libya kuma sun kai hari kan Maaten al-Sarra Air Base wanda ke da nisan kilomita 96.5 (60.0 a cikin yankin Libya. yaƙin Maaten al-Sarra babban nasara ne ga Chadi kuma an lalata jiragen sama da yawa na LAAF a ƙasa tare da ƙananan wadanda suka mutu a Chadi. A ranar 8 ga Oktoba 1987, wani LAAF Sukhoi Su-22 ya harbe shi ta hanyar tsarin tsaro na iska a arewacin Chadi. Direban jirgin, Kyaftin Dia ad-Din, ya fitar da shi kuma an kama shi. Nan da nan LAAF ta shirya aikin farfadowa; daga baya an harbe MiG-23. An dawo da matukin jirgi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1988, an harbe rundunar sojin saman Larabawa ta SIAI-Marchetti SF.260 a arewacin Chadi, kuma an kama ma'aikatanta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> === Bayan Yakin Cold zuwa yakin basasar Libya === [[Fayil:Libya_Air_Defence.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Makamai masu linzami na tsaron sama na Libya]] Da rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet da kuma kawar da tallafin soja daga sabuwar Tarayyar Rasha, tallafin Soviet/Rasha ya ragu sosai. Babban jigilar jiragen Soviet na ƙarshe zuwa ga Larabawan Libya shine jiragen Sukhoi Su-24 guda shida a watan Maris/Afrilu 1989. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A tsakiyar shekarun 1990s, Libya ta biya kudin da aka adana don Sojojin Sama na Larabawa na Siriya Su-24MK, a musayar taimakon Siriya don gudanar da Su-24s na Libya. A cikin nuna godiya ga wannan hadin gwiwa, LAAF ta ba da kyautar Su-24MR (wani nau'in bincike na musamman da yaƙin lantarki) ga Siriya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2008, Libya ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar jirgin sama mai lamba ATR 42 MP guda ɗaya daga Alenia na Italiya. Wasu rahotanni sun ambaci jiragen ATR 42 guda huɗu. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === Yakin basasar Libya / shiga tsakani na NATO === [[Fayil:Mirage_F1ED_(12549140495).jpg|right|thumb|Sojojin Sama na Jama'ar Libya Mirage F1ED]] Kafin yaƙin ya fara, Sojojin Sama na Jama'ar Libya suna da ma'aikata tsakanin 18,000 da 22,000 da jiragen sama 374 da helikofta - duk da haka, yawancin waɗannan jiragen ba su da tashi, kuma rundunar sojan sama gabaɗaya tana cikin mummunan yanayi lokacin da yaƙin ya ɓace.<ref name="heroairmen">{{Cite web |title=The hero airmen of Benghazi |url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 |website=The National}}</ref> A lokacin Yaƙin basasar Libya, jiragen yaki na Sojojin Sama na Libya da jirage masu saukar ungulu sun kai hari kan masu zanga-zangar, an ruwaito cewa suna da niyyar yin jana'izar jana'izar da kuma ƙungiyar masu zanga-zanga da ke ƙoƙarin isa sansanin sojoji. Mai binciken kare hakkin dan adam Ahmed Elgazir ya ba da rahoton cewa Cibiyar Labaran Libya (LNC) ta karɓi kiran waya ta tauraron dan adam daga wata mace da ba a san sunanta ba wacce ke "shaidar kisan kiyashi da ke gudana". Ba za a iya tabbatar da wannan bayanin ba, tunda an toshe layin waya a kasar.<ref name="airforce">{{Cite web |date=21 February 2011 |title=Report: Libya air force bombs protesters heading for army base |url=https://www.haaretz.com/news/international/report-libya-air-force-bombs-protesters-heading-for-army-base-1.344775 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222064756/http://www.haaretz.com/news/international/report-libya-air-force-bombs-protesters-heading-for-army-base-1.344775 |archive-date=22 February 2011 |access-date=21 February 2011 |website=Haaretz Daily Newspaper}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A lokacin watan farko na yakin basasar Libya tsakanin 19 ga Fabrairu da 19 ga Maris, sojojin 'yan tawaye sun sami nasarar kama hudu daga cikin 13 filayen jirgin saman Sojojin Libya, kuma suna kai hari kan wasu da yawa - don hana hallaka su, a cewar majiyoyin adawa, yawancin jiragen yaki na Sojojin Sama na Libya da masu saukar ungulu waɗanda har yanzu suna aiki an sake komawa sansanin sojan Ghardabiya kusa da Sirte da sansanin sojin saman Mitiga kusa da Tripoli.<ref name="heroairmen" /> A ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2011, manyan matukan jirgi biyu na LPAF, Kanar Ali al-Rabiti da Kanar Abdullah Salheen, sun sauya sheka zuwa 'yan adawa - sun tashi jiragen yaki na Mirage F-1ED, lambobin serial "502" da "508" zuwa Malta kuma sun nemi mafaka ta siyasa bayan sun kalubalanci umarnin jefa bam ga masu zanga-zangar.<ref name="heroairmen">{{Cite web |title=The hero airmen of Benghazi |url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 |website=The National}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 "The hero airmen of Benghazi"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="boresight">{{Cite web |title=The Boresight: Libyan Conflict: Fixed-wing Combat Aircraft make an Appearance |url=https://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708065618/http://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html |archive-date=8 July 2011 |access-date=2013-12-13 |publisher=Theboresight.blogspot.com}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga watan Fabrairu, an ruwaito cewa an kama jirgin sufuri na AN-26 a Kufra, yayin da a ranar 20 ga watan Fabira, an harbe wani jirgi mai saukar ungulu na Gadaffi (ko dai Mi-8 ko Mi-24) a Bayda.<ref name="boresight" /> A ranar 23 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2011, matukin jirgi Abdessalam Attiyah al-Abdali da mataimakin matukin jirage Ali Omar al-Kadhafi - ma'aikatan jirgin Sukhoi-22 - sun fitar da su da parachute a kusa da Ajdabiya, kilomita 161 (100 yammacin Benghazi, bayan sun ki amincewa da umarnin jefa bam a birnin Benghazi, don haka suka rushe jirgin Su-22 .<ref name="heroairmen">{{Cite web |title=The hero airmen of Benghazi |url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 |website=The National}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 "The hero airmen of Benghazi"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> Sojojin adawa da Gaddafi da Kungiyoyin adawa da Siriya sun yi iƙirarin cewa matukan jirgin saman Siriya suna kai hari ga Jamahiriya ta Larabawa ta Libya.<ref name="boresight">{{Cite web |title=The Boresight: Libyan Conflict: Fixed-wing Combat Aircraft make an Appearance |url=https://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708065618/http://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html |archive-date=8 July 2011 |access-date=2013-12-13 |publisher=Theboresight.blogspot.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html "The Boresight: Libyan Conflict: Fixed-wing Combat Aircraft make an Appearance"]. </cite></ref> A cewar majiyoyin adawa, yawancin matukan jirgin saman Sojojin Sama na Jama'ar Libya sun ki yin biyayya da umarni na jefa bama-bamai ga masu zanga-zangar, a maimakon haka sun jefa bama-mamai da gangan a wuraren da aka yi watsi da su.<ref name="heroairmen" /> Har ila yau a wannan rana, a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu 2011, 'yan tawaye sun kama sansanin sojan saman Benina a kudancin Benghazi - a lokacin yakin da aka yi a filin jirgin sama, sojojin 'yan ta'adda sun lalata wani jirgi mai saukar ungulu na Gadaffi Mi-24 (lambar jerin "853") yayin da wasu jirage masu saukar ungulu guda biyu (lambar yaki ta Mi-25D serial number "854", da kuma lambar jirgi mai suna Mi-14 mai saukar ungul din jigilar kaya "1406") sojojin ta kama su.<ref name="boresight" /> 'Yan tawaye sun yi iƙirarin cewa sun harbe jiragen yaki na Jamahiriya kuma sun kai hari kan jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu a kan Brega da Ra's Lanuf. Wani jirgi mai saukar ungulu na Gadaffi (ko dai Mi-8 ko Mi-24) ya harbe shi a Misrata da sojojin 'yan tawaye tare da MANPAD-s, ma'aikatan biyar sun tsira kuma sojojin 'yan tawayen sun kama su.<ref name="boresight" /> [[Fayil:Libyan_Air_Force_Sukhoi_Su-22M3_Lofting.jpg|right|thumb|LARAF Sukhoi Su-22M3 Fitter-H]] A Brega rundunar 'yan tawaye ta harbe jirgin yaki na Gadaffi Mirage F-1ED a ranar 2 ga Maris 2011, don haka ya bar jirgin sama mai horar da Mirage F-BD guda daya da ke hannun sojojin Gadaffi, yayin da a wannan rana daya mai goyon bayan Gadaffi SU-22M-3K ya lalace ta hanyar wuta ta 'yan ta'adda a Brega (masu tawaye sun yi iƙirarin cewa sun harbe shi [1]).[undefined] An bayar da rahoton cewa sojojin 'yan tawaye sun harbe wasu jirage masu saukar ungulu da jiragen yaki da yawa na Gadaffi yayin yakin da aka yi wa Brega tsakanin 2 ga Maris da 3 ga Maris, duk da haka wannan da'awar ba a tabbatar da ita ba. Kwanaki da yawa bayan haka, a ranar 4 ga watan Maris, sojojin 'yan tawaye sun kama daya da aka watsar da shi a filin jirgin saman Ra's Lanuf. Har ila yau, a ranar 5 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, 'yan tawaye sun harbe wani mai fashewa da Gadaffi Su-24MK, lambar serial "38" na rundunar sojan saman Libya ta 1124 tare da bindigar ZU-23-2 (an kashe matukan jirgi biyu), sannan washegari,' yan tawaye sun kuma harbe wani helikofta mai goyon bayan Gadaffi (ko dai Mi-8 ko Mi-24) kusa da Ra's Lanuf tare da bindiga mai tsayayya da ZPU-4.[1][undefined][3] Wasu jiragen yaki guda uku na Gadaffi (biyu daga cikinsu Su-22 fighter bombers - an kama matukan jiragensu, an ruwaito su 'yan Suriya da Sudanese mercenaries) da kuma wasu jirage masu saukar ungulu guda biyu na Gadafi (ko dai Mi-8 ko Mi-24) an ruwaito cewa sojojin 'yan tawaye sun harbe su yayin yakin Ra's Lanuf tsakanin 5 Maris da 7 Maris, duk da haka waɗannan da's ikirarin sun kasance ba a tabbatar da su ba. Gwamnatin Jamahiriya ko kafofin masu zaman kansu ba su tabbatar da yawan jiragen sama da kuma irin nau'ikan jiragen sama da aka harbe su ba. Yin amfani da ikon iska, Sojojin Libya sun hana 'yan adawa ci gaba zuwa yamma, zuwa Bin Jawad a farkon watan Maris. A ranar 11 ga watan Maris, rundunar sojan sama ta Gaza ta ƙare da man fetur mai inganci, kuma an yi ƙoƙari don cin hanci ga jami'an Sojojin Sama na Malta don siyan ƙarin man fetur. A ranar 13 ga watan Maris, Ali Atiyya, wani kwamandan rundunar sojin saman Libya a Filin jirgin saman soja na Mitiga, kusa da Tripoli, ya sanar da cewa ya sauya sheka kuma ya shiga juyin juya halin, kuma wannan shine farkon shari'ar ma'aikatan sojin saman Libyan da suka sauya shika zuwa adawa. Da sauri sauye-sauye sun fara tasiri ga rundunar sojan sama mai goyon bayan Gadaffi - a cewar majiyoyin adawa, daruruwan matukan jirgi, masu fasaha da ma'aikatan ƙasa sun sauya sheka ga 'yan adawa a farkon rabin watan Maris. A wannan rana, a ranar 13 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, bisa ga labarai da aka buga a ranar 20 ga watan Maris ta bangaren kafofin watsa labarai na adawa Al Manara Media, matukin jirgi Muhammad Mokhtar Osman ya fadi jirgin saman yaƙi, MiG-23BN, a Bab al-Azizia fili a Tripoli a cikin wani kamikaze-style harin kashe kansa a kan babban kwamandan soja mai goyon bayan Gadaffi, inda Khamis ya ji rauni sosai kuma ya mutu daga raunukansa mako guda bayan haka, wannan labarai ya tabbatar da kowane tushe ya sananne ga sojojin da ke goyon bayan Gadda Gadaffi ya tabbatar da rai A ranar 15 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, jirgin saman sojan saman Libya ya kai hari na farko a kan masu goyon bayan Gadaffi, ya tashi yaƙi shida. A cewar majiyoyin adawa, a wannan rana 'yan tawaye MiG-23BN fighter jet da Mi-24 yaƙi helicopter na farko sun nutse jiragen yaki biyu na Gadaffi kuma sun lalata jirgin yaki na Gadaffi na uku a kusa da bakin tekun Ajadabiyah, sannan suka jefa bam a kan ginshiƙan tankin Gaddafi a waje da Brega da Ajadabijah. Har ila yau, a wannan rana, jiragen yaki na MiG-23BN na 'yan tawaye sun jefa bam a sansanin sojan saman Ghardabiya, sun lalata titin jirgin sama.<ref name="heroairmen">{{Cite web |title=The hero airmen of Benghazi |url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 |website=The National}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 "The hero airmen of Benghazi"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="boresight">{{Cite web |title=The Boresight: Libyan Conflict: Fixed-wing Combat Aircraft make an Appearance |url=https://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708065618/http://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html |archive-date=8 July 2011 |access-date=2013-12-13 |publisher=Theboresight.blogspot.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html "The Boresight: Libyan Conflict: Fixed-wing Combat Aircraft make an Appearance"]. </cite></ref> A ranar 16 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, matukan jirgi guda daya na [[MIG 21UM|MiG-21UM]]-bis" id="mwAe8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mig21-bis">MiG-21bis da kuma daya na MiM-21UM wanda ya tashi daga filin jirgin saman Ghardabiya sun sauya sheka tare da jiragensu zuwa ga 'yan adawa kuma sun sauka a sansanin sojan sama na 'yan tawaye a Brega. <ref name="boresight" /><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=Accident MiG-21bis (type-75) 804, 17 Mar 2011 |url=http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=121151 |access-date=10 April 2019 |website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref> Jirgin saman sojan saman Libya na kyauta ya gudanar da karin hare-haren sama a ranar 16 ga watan Maris, yana tashi yaƙi uku tare da jirage masu saukar ungulu na Mi-24 da Mi-8, yana jefa bama-bamai a kan ginshiƙan tanki na Gadaffi kusa da Ajadabiyah - a lokacin da aka yi yaƙi da wani jirgi mai saukar ungulu mai saukar ungulinta na Mi-24 a kusa da Ajadbiyah, ya kashe mutum uku yayin da mutum ɗaya ne kawai, Ismael Kuttep, ya tsira (daga cikin wadanda aka kashe Hussien Werfalli, kwamandan rundunar sojan sama ta Benharina, wanda ya sauya daga sansanin sojan sama na Gbiya da suka sauya baya <ref name="heroairmen" /> daga sansanin jirgin sama.<ref name="boresight" /> 'Yan tawaye sun yi iƙirarin cewa sun harbe abin da ya zama MiG-21 a waje da Bohadi. A ranar 17 ga watan Maris, an harbe wani mai fafutukar fashewar bam na Gadaffi Su-22UM3K a kan Benina AB, matukin jirgi, wanda aka ruwaito shi dan kwangila ne na Aljeriya, an fitar da shi lafiya kuma sojojin 'yan tawaye sun kama shi.<ref name="boresight">{{Cite web |title=The Boresight: Libyan Conflict: Fixed-wing Combat Aircraft make an Appearance |url=https://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708065618/http://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html |archive-date=8 July 2011 |access-date=2013-12-13 |publisher=Theboresight.blogspot.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html "The Boresight: Libyan Conflict: Fixed-wing Combat Aircraft make an Appearance"]. </cite></ref> A wannan rana, a ranar 17 ga Maris 2011, wani "Free Libya Air Force" MiG-21UM ya fadi bayan ya tashi daga filin jirgin saman Benina saboda matsalolin fasaha, matukin jirgin ya fita lafiya.<ref name="boresight" /><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=Accident MiG-21bis (type-75) 804, 17 Mar 2011 |url=http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=121151 |access-date=10 April 2019 |website=aviation-safety.net}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRanter">Ranter, Harro. </cite></ref> Jirgin MiG-21UM mai tawaye wanda ya fadi a ranar 17 ga watan Maris an tashi daga Ghardabiya Air Base kusa da Sirte zuwa Benina ta hanyar matukin jirgi mai sauyawa ranar da ta gabata. <ref name="boresight" /> <ref name="aviation-safety.net">{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=Accident MiG-21bis (type-75) 804, 17 Mar 2011 |url=http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=121151 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103163657/http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=121151 |archive-date=3 November 2012 |access-date=19 March 2011 |website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref> A wannan rana a ranar 17 ga Maris 2011, jiragen yaki na Gadaffi sun jefa bam a sansanin sojan saman Benina, inda suka lalata jiragen fasinja guda uku - YAK-40 guda biyu da Boeing 737-26D daya da Air Libya ke sarrafawa - wadanda aka ajiye a can a kan titin jirgin sama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, sojojin tsaron sama na 'yan tawaye sun harbe wani ɗan tawaye MiG-23BN a kan Benghazi a cikin wani lamari na kuskuren ainihi. Direban jirgin, Colonel Mohammed Mbarak al-Okali ya fitar da shi amma a ƙasa sosai, kuma an kashe shi a sakamakon haka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> BBC News ta ruwaito a ranar 20 ga watan Maris cewa an harbe jirgin saman 'yan tawaye ta hanyar tsaron iska a lokacin da aka yi ƙoƙari ya jefa bam a kan ginshiƙan tanki na Gadaffi kusa da Benghazi. [[Fayil:Ghardabiya_Airfield_-_Damaged_Aircraft_Shelters_-_Operation_Odyssey_Dawn.jpg|thumb|Lalacewar filin jirgin saman Ghardabiya na Sojojin Sama na Libya bayan da jirgin saman hadin gwiwa ya kai masa hari, 20 Maris 2011]] A cewar majiyoyin adawa, jiragen yaki na MiG-21 da MiG-23, jirage masu saukar ungulu na yaki na Mi-24, matukan jirgi na 'yan tawaye 14, masu fasaha 50 da daruruwan ma'aikatan ƙasa, dukansu sun kasance a sansanin sojan saman Benina, sun kasance masu mahimmanci wajen kare Benghazi daga hare-haren da ke goyon bayan Gadaffi, suna kaddamar da hare-harun iska da yawa a farkon rabin gabashin Maris a kan sojojin Gadaffi da ke ci gaba a gabashin Libya, tare da ranar yaƙi mafi wuya ga sojojin iska na Libya 19 Maris, lokacin da sojojin da suka yi ƙoƙarin kama Benghazi.<ref name="heroairmen">{{Cite web |title=The hero airmen of Benghazi |url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 |website=The National}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 "The hero airmen of Benghazi"]. </cite></ref> Amma rundunar sojan sama ta 'yan tawaye ta sha wahala sosai a cikin tsari - bisa ga kafofin adawa, tsakanin 1 ga Maris da 19 ga Maris, rundunar sojin saman ta'addan ta kaddamar da jimlar hare-hare 38 (kwana daga cikinsu an gudanar da su ta hanyar Mi-24 yaƙi mai kai hari) a kan ci gaba da sojojin da ke goyon bayan Gadaffi a gabashin Libya, amma sun rasa a cikin tsari jiragen yaki guda biyu da helikofta guda ɗaya, suna fama da matukan jirgi takwas da 'yan bindiga da aka kashe.<ref name="heroairmen" /> A ranar 17 ga Maris 2011. , Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da ƙudurin Majalisar Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkinobho na 1973 wanda ya ba da izinin aikin soja a kan gwamnatin Gadaffi - tare da kuri'u 10 da suka goyi bayan, 0 da suka ƙi da 5 da suka ƙi, an kafa yankin da ba a tashi ba a duk Libya tare da ƙuduri na Majalisar Tsaro nke Majalisar Dinkin duniya na 1973. Duk da haka, duka masu goyon bayan Gadaffi da masu goyon bayan 'yan tawaye sun ci gaba da tashi a cikin kwanaki biyu masu zuwa, suna kaddamar da hare-haren sama da yawa har zuwa daren 19 ga Maris, lokacin da sojojin NATO suka aiwatar da yankin da ba za a tashi ba, suna rushe jiragen yaki na' yan tawaye da masu goyon baya ga Gadaffi daga wannan lokacin.<ref name="heroairmen">{{Cite web |title=The hero airmen of Benghazi |url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 |website=The National}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 "The hero airmen of Benghazi"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A ƙarshen rana a ranar 19 ga watan Maris, an kaddamar da hare-haren jiragen sama na farko na hadin gwiwa a kan gwamnatin Gadaffi, tare da jiragen yaki na Faransa da ke jefa bam a kan ginshiƙan tanki na Gadaffi a ƙofar Benghazi, suna dakatar da hare-hare a kan sojojin 'yan tawaye a Benghazi. Jiragen yaki na Amurka da na Burtaniya sun kaddamar da makamai masu linzami sama da 120 na Tomahawk a kan tsaron iska na Jamahiriya da kuma bama-bamai masu linzamin B-2 na Amurka guda hudu da suka kai hari kuma suka lalata filayen jirgin saman Jamahiriya a cikin dare na 19 ga Maris, tare da karin hare-haren jiragen sama da makamai mai linzamin kwamfuta da aka kaddamar a kan gwamnatin Gadaffi a cikin kwanaki masu zuwa, suna lalata damar yaki na sojojin saman Libya da masu goyon bayan Gadaffi da masu tsaron iska. A ranar 22 ga watan Maris, jirgin saman sojan saman Amurka F15E ya fadi a kusa da Benghazi saboda matsalolin inji; matukan jirgi biyu sun fita lafiya sannan kuma kungiyoyin bincike da ceto na Amurka suka cece su, kuma a lokacin ceto matukan jirage na Amurka, kungiyoyin bincike na Amurka sun harbe kuma sun jikkata fararen hula shida na Libya a ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, BBC ta nakalto Mataimakin Marshal na Air na Burtaniya Greg Bagwell yana cewa Sojojin Sama na Jama'ar Libya "ba su wanzu a matsayin dakarun yaƙi ba" kuma an lalata tsaron iska na Libya har zuwa lokacin da sojojin NATO za su iya aiki a sararin samaniya na Libya "ba tare da hukunci ba". A ranar 24 ga watan Maris, kafofin watsa labarai da yawa sun ba da rahoton cewa Dassault Rafale na Faransa ya lalata G-2 Galeb kusa da Misrata. Rahotanni na farko game da aikin Faransa sun ce jirgin LPAF, G-2 / Galeb tare da injin guda ɗaya, yana cikin iska lokacin da aka buga shi. Mai magana da yawun sojojin Faransa Col. Thierry Burkhard daga baya ya ce jirgin ya sauka ne kawai lokacin da harin ya faru. A ranar 26 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, Sojojin Sama na Faransa sun ba da rahoton cewa an lalata jirgin sama na Soko G-2 Galeb guda biyar a ƙasa a filin jirgin saman Misrata tare da jirage masu saukar ungulu biyu na Mi-35, amma hotunan tauraron dan adam daga baya sun nuna cewa jirgin sama guda biyar da aka lalata a zahiri MiG-23s ne. Wani jirgin saman F-16 na Sojojin Sama na Belgium ya bugi jirgin saman Sojojin Sojan Sama na Libya Su-22UM3K a ƙasa yayin wani aiki a ranar 27 ga Maris. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Afrilu, wani jirgin saman yaki na Mi-25D na Free Libya (lambar jerin "854" - wanda sojojin 'yan tawaye suka kama a sansanin sojan saman Benina a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu 2011) ya jefa bam a kan sansanonin sojojin Gaddafi a Ajadabiya, amma daga bisani sojojin Gaddaf masu goyon baya suka harbe shi; an kashe kyaftin din matukin jirgin Hussein al-Warfali. Har ila yau a wannan rana a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, jirgin saman yaki na Free Libya MiG-23BN ya tsayar da jiragen yaki na NATO a kan Benghazi, kuma ya dawo da shi zuwa tushe daidai da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ta ba da izini kuma ta kafa yankin da ba ta tashi a kan Libya ba.<ref name="boresight">{{Cite web |title=The Boresight: Libyan Conflict: Fixed-wing Combat Aircraft make an Appearance |url=https://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708065618/http://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html |archive-date=8 July 2011 |access-date=2013-12-13 |publisher=Theboresight.blogspot.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html "The Boresight: Libyan Conflict: Fixed-wing Combat Aircraft make an Appearance"]. </cite></ref> A ranar 7 ga Mayu, bayan makonni na cikakken rashin aiki, Sojojin Sama na Jama'ar Libya sun gudanar da hari na iska mai nasara a kan wuraren ajiyar man fetur da ke hannun 'yan tawaye a Misrata, suna jefa musu bama-bamai kuma suna ƙone su. 'Yan tawaye sun ba da rahoton cewa an gudanar da harin ne tare da jirgin sama mai narke amfanin gona, amma mai yiwuwa an yi amfani da jirgin sama na SF.260 mai sauƙi daga filin jirgin saman Misrata. NATO ta kasa tsayar da aikin bam din.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A lokacin yakin da kuma shiga tsakani da NATO ke jagoranta a Libya, sojojin 'yan tawaye na Libya sun yi amfani da jiragen yaki na MiG-21 guda uku a matsayin masu tsaron jiragen sama na kayan aiki zuwa yammacin Libya, suna kula da jiragen sufuri da ke isar da kayayyaki ga garuruwan' yan tawaye da birane a yammacin Libya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |date=27 July 2011 |title=The Free Libyan Air Force |url=https://www.military.com/defensetech/2011/07/27/the-free-libyan-air-force-2 |access-date=10 April 2019 |website=Military.com}}</ref> Wadannan jiragen sama guda uku na Free Libya - biyu MiG-21bis guda daya da kuma daya MiG-21UM guda biyu - an dauki hotuna suna tashi sama da sansanin sojan saman Benina a kudancin Benghazi a ranar 27 ga Yuni 2011.<ref name="auto1" /> Bayan shan kashi na sojojin da ke da aminci ga Muammar Gaddafi da nasarar 'yan tawaye a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2011, an ɗaga yankin da ba a tashi ba kuma rundunar sojan saman Jamahiriya Mirage F-1ED guda biyu da aka kafa a Malta bayan matukan jirgi sun ki umarnin jefa bam ga' yan adawa a lokacin yakin basasa, an ba su izinin komawa Libya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A ƙarshe an mayar da jiragen zuwa Libya a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu 2012, daidai shekara guda zuwa ranar da suka sauya sheka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> Batun Combat Aircraft na Mayu 2011 ya haɗa da labarin da ke rufe abubuwan iska na yakin basasar Libya na 2011. === Yaƙin basasa na Biyu === == Filin jirgin saman soja == Cibiyoyin sojan sama sun hada da: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> * Cibiyar Jirgin Sama ta Al-Jufra (kusa da Hun) * Cibiyar Jirgin Sama ta Al-Watiya (kilomita 50 kudu da [[Zuwarah|Zuwara]]) &nbsp; * Benina (kusa da [[Benghazi]]) * Gamal Abdel Nasser Airbase (kusa da Tobruk): tsohon RAF Station El-Adem, 1942-1970. * Filin jirgin saman Ghadames * Ghardabiya Air Base kusa da Sirte * Filin jirgin saman Ghat * Filin jirgin saman Al Abraq (kusa da Bayda) * Cibiyar Jirgin Sama ta Maaten al-Sarra * Filin jirgin saman Misrata * Mitiga (kusa da Tripoli): tsohon USAF Wheelus Air Base, 1948-1970. * Sabha Air Base == Jirgin sama da Makamai masu linzami == === Abubuwan da ke cikin yanzu === {| class="wikitable" |+Gwamnatin hadin kan kasa (wanda aka amince da shi a duniya) ! style="text-align:center; background:#acc;" |Jirgin sama ! style="text-align: center; background:#acc;" |Asalin ! style="text-align:l center; background:#acc;" |Irin wannan ! style="text-align:left; background:#acc;" |Bambanci ! style="text-align:center; background:#acc;" |Adadin ! style="text-align: center; background:#acc;" |Bayani |- ! colspan="7" style="align: center; background: lavender;" |Jirgin yaki |- |Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 |[[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] |Jirgin yaki da bama-bamai |BN |2 | |- |Soko J-21 Jastreb |Yugoslavia |Harin | |1 |Ana iya yin amfani da shi. |- ! colspan="7" style="align: center; background: lavender;" |Jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu |- |Mil Mi-24 |Tarayyar Soviet |Harin | |? | |- |Dubban Mi-17 |Tarayyar Soviet |Sufuri | |? | |- ! colspan="7" style="align: center; background: lavender;" |Jirgin sama mai horarwa |- |Soko G-2 Galeb |Yugoslavia |Mai horar da jirgin sama / Harin Haske | |3 | |- |Jirgin sama L-39 Albatros |Czechoslovakia |Mai horar da jirgin sama / Harin Haske |ZO |5 | |- |SIAI-Marchetti SF.260 |Italiya |Mai horar da / Harin Haske |ML |1+ | |- ! colspan="7" style="align: center; background: lavender;" |Motocin sama marasa matuka |- |Baykar Bayraktar Akıncı |Turkiyya |Motar yaki ba tare da mutum ba | |? |Ɗaya ya fadi a watan Janairun shekara ta 2025. |- |Baykar Bayraktar TB2 |Turkiyya |Motar yaki ba tare da mutum ba | |20<ref name="MilAfrica" /> |Da yawa sun rasa a lokacin Rikicin Libya.<ref name="MilAfrica" /> |- |} === Manyan makamai masu linzami zuwa iska zuwa 2011 ===   * Almaz S-75 Volga / SA-2 Jagora - Brigades 6 tare da masu jefa 18 kowannensu; * Almaz S-125 Pechora / SA-3 Goa - 9 Brigades tare da 12 lancers kowannensu; * Almaz S-200VE Vega / SA-5 Gammon long range missile systems - 8 battalions na 6 launers kowannensu a 4 shafuka da kuma kimanin 380 makamai masu linzami; * Crotale - sayen 9 da raka'a 27 * 9K33 Osa/ SA-8 Gecko - 50 * 9K38 Igla - 380; * 9K34 Strela-3 - 278; * ZSU-23-4 - 200; * ZSU-57-2 - 75; * 2K12 Kub - 50; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Majalisar Canjin Kasa]] ** Free Libyan Air Force - rundunar sojan sama ta Majalisar Canji ta Kasa, tarin ma'aikatan Sojojin Loyalist da suka yi watsi da su da kuma jirgin sama da aka kama wadanda suka hada kansu da sojojin da ke adawa da Gaddafi a Yaƙin basasar Libya. == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8109lilooy6khos49nfy4937fgspavp 974844 974843 2026-11-01T15:59:03Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974844 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sojojin Sama na Libya''' (Arabic) reshe ne na Sojojin Libya da ke da alhakin Yaƙin sama. A cikin shekara ta 2010, kafin Yaƙin basasar Libya, an kiyasta ƙarfin ma'aikatan Sojojin Sama na Libya a 18,000, tare da lissafin jiragen sama 374 masu iya yaƙi da ke aiki daga sansanonin soja 13 a Libya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> Tun bayan yakin basasa na 2011 da rikice-rikicen da ke gudana, ƙungiyoyi da yawa da ke fada a Libya suna da jirgin sama na soja. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2019 Sojojin Sama na Libya suna ƙarƙashin ikon Gwamnatin Yarjejeniyar Kasa da aka amince da ita a [[Tripoli]], kodayake abokin hamayyar Sojojin Kasa na Libya na Marshal [[Khalifa Haftar]] yana da babbar rundunar sojan sama. A cikin shekarar 2021, rundunar sojan sama tana karkashin umurnin sabon Shugaban Libya, Mohamed al-Menfi wanda ya maye gurbin Fayez al-Sarraj. An kuma kafa rundunar sojan sama a matsayin Royal Libyan Air Force (''Al Quwwat al Jawwiya al Malakiya al Libiyya'') a watan Satumbar 1962 ta hanyar yanke shawara na ministan tsaro Abd al-Nabi Yunis . An sanya Lieutenant Col. al-Hadi Salem al-Husomi don jagorantar sabuwar rundunar. Da farko an sanye shi da ƙananan jigilar kaya da masu horarwa: Douglas C-47s da Lockheed T-33s. Koyaya, an kawo F-5 Freedom Fighters daga 1969.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A shekara ta 1970 ta canza sunanta zuwa '''Sojojin Sama na Jamhuriyar Larabawa ta Libya'''.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Cooper|Grandolini|Delalande|2015}}</ref> Bayan sojojin Amurka sun bar Libya a shekarar 1970, Wheelus Air Base, tsohon wurin Amurka kimanin kilomita 11 (6.8 daga [[Tripoli]], ya zama shigarwar LARAF kuma an sake masa suna Okba Ben Nafi Air Base. Cibiyar ta kasance hedkwatar LARAF da kuma babban bangare na manyan wuraren horo. Farawa a cikin shekarar 1970, an sami fadada rundunar sojan sama, tare da sayen jirgin yaki na Faransa da kuma daga baya na Soviet.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Cooper|Grandolini|Delalande|2015}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Shekaru na farko (1962-1969) === [[Fayil:Libyan_MiG-25_in_flight_c1985.jpg|left|thumb|A LAAF Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25.]] A watan Mayu na shekara ta 1967, Masarautar Libya ta cimma yarjejeniya da Amurka don samar da 10 Northrop F-5s ga Royal Libyan Air Force . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> Wadannan su ne mayakan farko ga matasan Sojojin Sama, wanda kawai ke aiki da jigilar Douglas C-47 guda shida da masu horar da Lockheed T-33 guda uku a lokacin. Ma'aikata hamsin da shida sun sami horo a sansanoni a Amurka, matukan jirgi a Williams Air Force Base; Ƙungiyar Bincike ta Amurka kan fadada ta zo Libya a watan Agustan 1968 don kula da gabatarwar mayakan. Ayyukan F-5s sun ragu bayan juyin mulkin 1969 kuma ya bayyana cewa an sayar da mafi yawan ga Turkiyya. Sojojin Tsaro na Libya sun kasance wani ɓangare na Sojojin Sama kuma suna da cibiyar tsaro ta iska ta biyu mafi girma a yankin (na biyu ga Masar). Koyaya, kayan aikin - wanda galibi makamai ne na Soviet daga shekarun 1960 da 1970 - sun wuce zamani kuma sun tabbatar da rashin inganci a lokacin fashewar bam na Libya ta 1986 da Sojojin Sama na Amurka suka yi. Ɗaya daga cikin jirage 45 da suka kai hari na Amurka ne kawai aka harbe shi. Saboda takunkumi a cikin shekarun 1980, ba za a iya inganta tsarin ba bayan harin Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> === Lokacin Gaddafi na farko (1969-1989) === A cikin watanni bayan juyin mulkin 1969, Libya ta nisanta kanta daga Burtaniya da Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> Duk da haka, a shekarar 1971, Amurka ta samar da jiragen sama guda takwas kirar C-130 Hs. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> Madadin haka, an samar da kusanci da Faransa. Saboda haka, an sanya hannu kan odar jiragen sama kirar Dassault Mirage 5s 110, jiragen Fouga Magisters goma sha biyu, jiragen Aérospatiale Alouette IIIs goma da jiragen Aérospatiale SA 321 Super Frelons tara a watan Disamba na 1969. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Cooper|Grandolini|Delalande|2015}}</ref> Tattaunawa don siyan jiragen saman soja na Soviet ta fara ne kawai a shekarar 1973, bisa la'akari da abubuwan da suka faru a Yaƙin Yom Kippur . Wadannan sun haifar da isar da jiragen kariya na MiG-23 MS guda 54 da jiragen kariya na MiG-23UB, jiragen kai hari na MiG-23BN guda 35, da kuma jiragen yaki na MiG-21bis guda 64 da jiragen kariya na MiG-21UM. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Cooper|Grandolini|Delalande|2015}}</ref> An kuma sayi jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu guda goma sha huɗu na Tupolev Tu-22 a wannan lokacin. <ref name="LAW1 p17">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Cooper|Grandolini|Delalande|2015}}</ref> An ci gaba da hulɗa da Faransa, kuma an yi odar jiragen Dassault Mirage F1 AD 16, F1BD 6 da F1ED 16 a shekarar 1975. <ref name="LAW1 p17" /> A ƙarshe, an sayi jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu guda 240 na SIAI-Marchetti SF.260 daga Italiya, da kuma jiragen Soko G-2 Galebs 50. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A tsakiyar shekarun 1970, an kuma sayi jiragen helikwafta masu ɗaukar kaya na Chinook guda 20 na CH-47 daga Italiya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> 14 daga cikinsu an mayar da su ga sojoji a lokacin shekarun 1990. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Da duk waɗannan sayayya, cikin 'yan shekaru kaɗan, adadin jiragen sama da ke aiki a LAAF ya ƙaru sosai. Duk da haka, babu wata hanyar horar da isassun matukan jirgi da ma'aikatan ƙasa don sarrafa duk waɗannan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> Saboda haka, an amince da yarjejeniyoyi da ƙasashe masu abokantaka don sarrafa wasu daga cikin jiragen LAAF. Jiragen saman Siriya sun yi aiki da rundunonin MiG-23 guda biyu. Hakazalika, kimanin jiragen saman Koriya ta Arewa 100 ne suka yi aiki da MiG-21 tsakanin 1979 da 1981. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A ƙarshe, an sanya wasu daga cikin sabbin jiragen da aka saya a cikin ajiya. <ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|Cooper|Grandolini|Delalande|2015}}</ref> Daga cikin jiragen yaƙi, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta kiyasta a 1983 cewa kashi 50 cikin ɗari sun kasance a cikin ajiya, ciki har da yawancin jiragen saman MiG da jiragen bam na Tu-22. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Dassault Mirage 5s da aka saya jim kadan bayan Gaddafi ya karɓi mulki Masar ta yi amfani da su a asirce a lokacin Yakin Yom Kippur . Daga baya aka mayar da su Libya. Wadannan jiragen sun yi ritaya a cikin 2008, suna amfani da su don kayan aikin Sojojin Sama na Pakistan. Sojojin Sama na Jamhuriyar Larabawa na Libya sun yi amfani da adadi mai yawa na Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25, wasu kafofin sun ce an kawo sama da 60. Nau'ikan sun kasance na MiG-25PD, MiG-25RBK, MiG-25-PU da MiG-25RU. No. 1025 Squadron ne ke sarrafa su a Jufra-Hun, No. 1055 Squadron a Ghardabiya da kuma wani squadron da ba a san shi ba a Sabha Air Base . Ya zuwa watan Fabrairun 2007 AirForces Monthly ya ba da rahoton cewa duk jirgin sama na irin wannan an yi ritaya. A cikin 1970s da '80s Libyan MiGs da Tupolevs sun kasance baƙi na yau da kullun zuwa sararin samaniya na duniya, kusa da Italiya da sansanonin NATO. A ranar 19 ga watan Yulin 1980, an gano wani jirgin saman Sojojin Sama na Larabawa na Libya da ya fadi a kan Dutsen Sila kusa da Castelsilano, kudancin Italiya. An yi hasashen cewa taron zai haɗu da asarar Itavia Flight 870 'yan makonni da suka gabata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> LAAF ta rasa jimlar jiragen sama huɗu ga Amurka Navy F-14 Tomcats a cikin abubuwan da suka faru biyu a kan Tekun Sidra, a cikin 1981 da 1989. Bugu da kari, jiragen sama da yawa sun lalace ko lalace a ƙasa a 1986 lokacin da jiragen Amurka suka kai hari kan manufofi a Filin jirgin saman Benina da ke [[Benghazi]] da Filin jirgin sama na Mitiga da ke [[Tripoli]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> [[Fayil:F-4N_of_VF-51_intercepts_Libyan_Tu-22_1977.jpg|thumb|Wani jirgin ruwa na Amurka F-4N Phantom II ya tsayar da Tupolev Tu-22 da aka kawo wa Jamhuriyar Larabawa ta Libya, Afrilu 1977.]] An yi amfani da rundunar sojin sama sosai a yaƙin da aka yi a Chadi a shekarun 1980, don tallafawa rundunonin ƙasa na Libya . An ruwaito cewa an kai hare-haren bama-bamai da yawa na rundunar sojin saman Larabawa ta Libya a wurare masu tsayi da yawa lokacin da aka yi musu ruwan bama-bamai, don haka hare-haren ba su yi tasiri sosai ba. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1986, a matsayin ramuwar gayya ga harin sama na Ouadi Doum da rundunar sojin saman Faransa ta kai, wani jirgin LAAF Tu-22B guda ɗaya ya kai hari filin jirgin saman N'Djamena. Wannan jirgin ya gamu da matsalolin fasaha a tafiyarsa ta dawowa - Jiragen leƙen asiri na Amurka da ke Sudan sun sa ido kan kiran gaggawa da matukin jirgin Tu-22 ya aika wanda wataƙila ya faɗi kafin ya isa sansaninsa a Aouzou (watakila bututu biyu da suka harba shi daga filin jirgin saman N'Djamena sun buge shi). A ranar 7 ga Satumba 1987, an harbo wani jirgin Tu-22 a kan [[Ndjamena|N'Djamena]] ta hanyar batirin MIM-23 HAWK na Faransa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1986 jiragen saman Libya sun kai hare-hare da bama-bamai da yawa a kan fararen hula na [[Mutanen Zaghawa|Zaghawa]] da [[Mutanen Toubou|Toubou]], kabilun da suka fi aminci ga gwamnatin Chadi. A lokacin wadannan yaƙe-yaƙe na ta'addanci da yawa ƙauyuka a Yankin B.E.T sun lalace gaba ɗaya, an kashe mutane da yawa kuma dubban mutane sun gudu don neman mafaka a cikin koguna ko kuma sun haye sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira a Darfur. Gwamnatin Chadi ta yi tir da wadannan hare-haren kan fararen hula a matsayin [[Kisan kiyashi|kisan kare dangi]]. Chadians sun kwace sansanin Ouadi Doum a shekarar 1987 kuma sun lalata ko kuma sun kama SF.260s guda biyu, Mil Mi-25s guda uku, Tu-22B bom guda biyu, jiragen L-39 guda goma sha ɗaya, batir 9K33 Osa (SA-8) SAM guda biyu, da kuma ƙarin kayan aiki, makamai, kayan aiki da harsashi - wanda aka tashi zuwa Faransa da Amurka a cikin kwanaki biyar masu zuwa gaba. An aika jiragen sufuri na USAF C-5 Galaxy guda hudu zuwa N'Djamena don tattara kayan aikin Jamahiriya da aka kama. A ranar 5 ga Satumba 1987 masu fasaha na Chadi sun haye zuwa Libya kuma sun kai hari kan Maaten al-Sarra Air Base wanda ke da nisan kilomita 96.5 (60.0 a cikin yankin Libya. yaƙin Maaten al-Sarra babban nasara ne ga Chadi kuma an lalata jiragen sama da yawa na LAAF a ƙasa tare da ƙananan wadanda suka mutu a Chadi. A ranar 8 ga Oktoba 1987, wani LAAF Sukhoi Su-22 ya harbe shi ta hanyar tsarin tsaro na iska a arewacin Chadi. Direban jirgin, Kyaftin Dia ad-Din, ya fitar da shi kuma an kama shi. Nan da nan LAAF ta shirya aikin farfadowa; daga baya an harbe MiG-23. An dawo da matukin jirgi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1988, an harbe rundunar sojin saman Larabawa ta SIAI-Marchetti SF.260 a arewacin Chadi, kuma an kama ma'aikatanta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> === Bayan Yakin Cold zuwa yakin basasar Libya === [[Fayil:Libya_Air_Defence.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Makamai masu linzami na tsaron sama na Libya]] Da rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet da kuma kawar da tallafin soja daga sabuwar Tarayyar Rasha, tallafin Soviet/Rasha ya ragu sosai. Babban jigilar jiragen Soviet na ƙarshe zuwa ga Larabawan Libya shine jiragen Sukhoi Su-24 guda shida a watan Maris/Afrilu 1989. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A tsakiyar shekarun 1990s, Libya ta biya kudin da aka adana don Sojojin Sama na Larabawa na Siriya Su-24MK, a musayar taimakon Siriya don gudanar da Su-24s na Libya. A cikin nuna godiya ga wannan hadin gwiwa, LAAF ta ba da kyautar Su-24MR (wani nau'in bincike na musamman da yaƙin lantarki) ga Siriya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2008, Libya ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar jirgin sama mai lamba ATR 42 MP guda ɗaya daga Alenia na Italiya. Wasu rahotanni sun ambaci jiragen ATR 42 guda huɗu. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === Yakin basasar Libya / shiga tsakani na NATO === [[Fayil:Mirage_F1ED_(12549140495).jpg|right|thumb|Sojojin Sama na Jama'ar Libya Mirage F1ED]] Kafin yaƙin ya fara, Sojojin Sama na Jama'ar Libya suna da ma'aikata tsakanin 18,000 da 22,000 da jiragen sama 374 da helikofta - duk da haka, yawancin waɗannan jiragen ba su da tashi, kuma rundunar sojan sama gabaɗaya tana cikin mummunan yanayi lokacin da yaƙin ya ɓace.<ref name="heroairmen">{{Cite web |title=The hero airmen of Benghazi |url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 |website=The National}}</ref> A lokacin Yaƙin basasar Libya, jiragen yaki na Sojojin Sama na Libya da jirage masu saukar ungulu sun kai hari kan masu zanga-zangar, an ruwaito cewa suna da niyyar yin jana'izar jana'izar da kuma ƙungiyar masu zanga-zanga da ke ƙoƙarin isa sansanin sojoji. Mai binciken kare hakkin dan adam Ahmed Elgazir ya ba da rahoton cewa Cibiyar Labaran Libya (LNC) ta karɓi kiran waya ta tauraron dan adam daga wata mace da ba a san sunanta ba wacce ke "shaidar kisan kiyashi da ke gudana". Ba za a iya tabbatar da wannan bayanin ba, tunda an toshe layin waya a kasar.<ref name="airforce">{{Cite web |date=21 February 2011 |title=Report: Libya air force bombs protesters heading for army base |url=https://www.haaretz.com/news/international/report-libya-air-force-bombs-protesters-heading-for-army-base-1.344775 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222064756/http://www.haaretz.com/news/international/report-libya-air-force-bombs-protesters-heading-for-army-base-1.344775 |archive-date=22 February 2011 |access-date=21 February 2011 |website=Haaretz Daily Newspaper}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A lokacin watan farko na yakin basasar Libya tsakanin 19 ga Fabrairu da 19 ga Maris, sojojin 'yan tawaye sun sami nasarar kama hudu daga cikin 13 filayen jirgin saman Sojojin Libya, kuma suna kai hari kan wasu da yawa - don hana hallaka su, a cewar majiyoyin adawa, yawancin jiragen yaki na Sojojin Sama na Libya da masu saukar ungulu waɗanda har yanzu suna aiki an sake komawa sansanin sojan Ghardabiya kusa da Sirte da sansanin sojin saman Mitiga kusa da Tripoli.<ref name="heroairmen" /> A ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2011, manyan matukan jirgi biyu na LPAF, Kanar Ali al-Rabiti da Kanar Abdullah Salheen, sun sauya sheka zuwa 'yan adawa - sun tashi jiragen yaki na Mirage F-1ED, lambobin serial "502" da "508" zuwa Malta kuma sun nemi mafaka ta siyasa bayan sun kalubalanci umarnin jefa bam ga masu zanga-zangar.<ref name="heroairmen">{{Cite web |title=The hero airmen of Benghazi |url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 |website=The National}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 "The hero airmen of Benghazi"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="boresight">{{Cite web |title=The Boresight: Libyan Conflict: Fixed-wing Combat Aircraft make an Appearance |url=https://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708065618/http://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html |archive-date=8 July 2011 |access-date=2013-12-13 |publisher=Theboresight.blogspot.com}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga watan Fabrairu, an ruwaito cewa an kama jirgin sufuri na AN-26 a Kufra, yayin da a ranar 20 ga watan Fabira, an harbe wani jirgi mai saukar ungulu na Gadaffi (ko dai Mi-8 ko Mi-24) a Bayda.<ref name="boresight" /> A ranar 23 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2011, matukin jirgi Abdessalam Attiyah al-Abdali da mataimakin matukin jirage Ali Omar al-Kadhafi - ma'aikatan jirgin Sukhoi-22 - sun fitar da su da parachute a kusa da Ajdabiya, kilomita 161 (100 yammacin Benghazi, bayan sun ki amincewa da umarnin jefa bam a birnin Benghazi, don haka suka rushe jirgin Su-22 .<ref name="heroairmen">{{Cite web |title=The hero airmen of Benghazi |url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 |website=The National}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 "The hero airmen of Benghazi"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> Sojojin adawa da Gaddafi da Kungiyoyin adawa da Siriya sun yi iƙirarin cewa matukan jirgin saman Siriya suna kai hari ga Jamahiriya ta Larabawa ta Libya.<ref name="boresight">{{Cite web |title=The Boresight: Libyan Conflict: Fixed-wing Combat Aircraft make an Appearance |url=https://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708065618/http://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html |archive-date=8 July 2011 |access-date=2013-12-13 |publisher=Theboresight.blogspot.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html "The Boresight: Libyan Conflict: Fixed-wing Combat Aircraft make an Appearance"]. </cite></ref> A cewar majiyoyin adawa, yawancin matukan jirgin saman Sojojin Sama na Jama'ar Libya sun ki yin biyayya da umarni na jefa bama-bamai ga masu zanga-zangar, a maimakon haka sun jefa bama-mamai da gangan a wuraren da aka yi watsi da su.<ref name="heroairmen" /> Har ila yau a wannan rana, a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu 2011, 'yan tawaye sun kama sansanin sojan saman Benina a kudancin Benghazi - a lokacin yakin da aka yi a filin jirgin sama, sojojin 'yan ta'adda sun lalata wani jirgi mai saukar ungulu na Gadaffi Mi-24 (lambar jerin "853") yayin da wasu jirage masu saukar ungulu guda biyu (lambar yaki ta Mi-25D serial number "854", da kuma lambar jirgi mai suna Mi-14 mai saukar ungul din jigilar kaya "1406") sojojin ta kama su.<ref name="boresight" /> 'Yan tawaye sun yi iƙirarin cewa sun harbe jiragen yaki na Jamahiriya kuma sun kai hari kan jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu a kan Brega da Ra's Lanuf. Wani jirgi mai saukar ungulu na Gadaffi (ko dai Mi-8 ko Mi-24) ya harbe shi a Misrata da sojojin 'yan tawaye tare da MANPAD-s, ma'aikatan biyar sun tsira kuma sojojin 'yan tawayen sun kama su.<ref name="boresight" /> [[Fayil:Libyan_Air_Force_Sukhoi_Su-22M3_Lofting.jpg|right|thumb|LARAF Sukhoi Su-22M3 Fitter-H]] A Brega rundunar 'yan tawaye ta harbe jirgin yaki na Gadaffi Mirage F-1ED a ranar 2 ga Maris 2011, don haka ya bar jirgin sama mai horar da Mirage F-BD guda daya da ke hannun sojojin Gadaffi, yayin da a wannan rana daya mai goyon bayan Gadaffi SU-22M-3K ya lalace ta hanyar wuta ta 'yan ta'adda a Brega (masu tawaye sun yi iƙirarin cewa sun harbe shi [1]).[undefined] An bayar da rahoton cewa sojojin 'yan tawaye sun harbe wasu jirage masu saukar ungulu da jiragen yaki da yawa na Gadaffi yayin yakin da aka yi wa Brega tsakanin 2 ga Maris da 3 ga Maris, duk da haka wannan da'awar ba a tabbatar da ita ba. Kwanaki da yawa bayan haka, a ranar 4 ga watan Maris, sojojin 'yan tawaye sun kama daya da aka watsar da shi a filin jirgin saman Ra's Lanuf. Har ila yau, a ranar 5 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, 'yan tawaye sun harbe wani mai fashewa da Gadaffi Su-24MK, lambar serial "38" na rundunar sojan saman Libya ta 1124 tare da bindigar ZU-23-2 (an kashe matukan jirgi biyu), sannan washegari,' yan tawaye sun kuma harbe wani helikofta mai goyon bayan Gadaffi (ko dai Mi-8 ko Mi-24) kusa da Ra's Lanuf tare da bindiga mai tsayayya da ZPU-4.[1][undefined][3] Wasu jiragen yaki guda uku na Gadaffi (biyu daga cikinsu Su-22 fighter bombers - an kama matukan jiragensu, an ruwaito su 'yan Suriya da Sudanese mercenaries) da kuma wasu jirage masu saukar ungulu guda biyu na Gadafi (ko dai Mi-8 ko Mi-24) an ruwaito cewa sojojin 'yan tawaye sun harbe su yayin yakin Ra's Lanuf tsakanin 5 Maris da 7 Maris, duk da haka waɗannan da's ikirarin sun kasance ba a tabbatar da su ba. Gwamnatin Jamahiriya ko kafofin masu zaman kansu ba su tabbatar da yawan jiragen sama da kuma irin nau'ikan jiragen sama da aka harbe su ba. Yin amfani da ikon iska, Sojojin Libya sun hana 'yan adawa ci gaba zuwa yamma, zuwa Bin Jawad a farkon watan Maris. A ranar 11 ga watan Maris, rundunar sojan sama ta Gaza ta ƙare da man fetur mai inganci, kuma an yi ƙoƙari don cin hanci ga jami'an Sojojin Sama na Malta don siyan ƙarin man fetur. A ranar 13 ga watan Maris, Ali Atiyya, wani kwamandan rundunar sojin saman Libya a Filin jirgin saman soja na Mitiga, kusa da Tripoli, ya sanar da cewa ya sauya sheka kuma ya shiga juyin juya halin, kuma wannan shine farkon shari'ar ma'aikatan sojin saman Libyan da suka sauya shika zuwa adawa. Da sauri sauye-sauye sun fara tasiri ga rundunar sojan sama mai goyon bayan Gadaffi - a cewar majiyoyin adawa, daruruwan matukan jirgi, masu fasaha da ma'aikatan ƙasa sun sauya sheka ga 'yan adawa a farkon rabin watan Maris. A wannan rana, a ranar 13 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, bisa ga labarai da aka buga a ranar 20 ga watan Maris ta bangaren kafofin watsa labarai na adawa Al Manara Media, matukin jirgi Muhammad Mokhtar Osman ya fadi jirgin saman yaƙi, MiG-23BN, a Bab al-Azizia fili a Tripoli a cikin wani kamikaze-style harin kashe kansa a kan babban kwamandan soja mai goyon bayan Gadaffi, inda Khamis ya ji rauni sosai kuma ya mutu daga raunukansa mako guda bayan haka, wannan labarai ya tabbatar da kowane tushe ya sananne ga sojojin da ke goyon bayan Gadda Gadaffi ya tabbatar da rai A ranar 15 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, jirgin saman sojan saman Libya ya kai hari na farko a kan masu goyon bayan Gadaffi, ya tashi yaƙi shida. A cewar majiyoyin adawa, a wannan rana 'yan tawaye MiG-23BN fighter jet da Mi-24 yaƙi helicopter na farko sun nutse jiragen yaki biyu na Gadaffi kuma sun lalata jirgin yaki na Gadaffi na uku a kusa da bakin tekun Ajadabiyah, sannan suka jefa bam a kan ginshiƙan tankin Gaddafi a waje da Brega da Ajadabijah. Har ila yau, a wannan rana, jiragen yaki na MiG-23BN na 'yan tawaye sun jefa bam a sansanin sojan saman Ghardabiya, sun lalata titin jirgin sama.<ref name="heroairmen">{{Cite web |title=The hero airmen of Benghazi |url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 |website=The National}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 "The hero airmen of Benghazi"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="boresight">{{Cite web |title=The Boresight: Libyan Conflict: Fixed-wing Combat Aircraft make an Appearance |url=https://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708065618/http://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html |archive-date=8 July 2011 |access-date=2013-12-13 |publisher=Theboresight.blogspot.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html "The Boresight: Libyan Conflict: Fixed-wing Combat Aircraft make an Appearance"]. </cite></ref> A ranar 16 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, matukan jirgi guda daya na [[MIG 21UM|MiG-21UM]]-bis" id="mwAe8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mig21-bis">MiG-21bis da kuma daya na MiM-21UM wanda ya tashi daga filin jirgin saman Ghardabiya sun sauya sheka tare da jiragensu zuwa ga 'yan adawa kuma sun sauka a sansanin sojan sama na 'yan tawaye a Brega. <ref name="boresight" /><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=Accident MiG-21bis (type-75) 804, 17 Mar 2011 |url=http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=121151 |access-date=10 April 2019 |website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref> Jirgin saman sojan saman Libya na kyauta ya gudanar da karin hare-haren sama a ranar 16 ga watan Maris, yana tashi yaƙi uku tare da jirage masu saukar ungulu na Mi-24 da Mi-8, yana jefa bama-bamai a kan ginshiƙan tanki na Gadaffi kusa da Ajadabiyah - a lokacin da aka yi yaƙi da wani jirgi mai saukar ungulu mai saukar ungulinta na Mi-24 a kusa da Ajadbiyah, ya kashe mutum uku yayin da mutum ɗaya ne kawai, Ismael Kuttep, ya tsira (daga cikin wadanda aka kashe Hussien Werfalli, kwamandan rundunar sojan sama ta Benharina, wanda ya sauya daga sansanin sojan sama na Gbiya da suka sauya baya <ref name="heroairmen" /> daga sansanin jirgin sama.<ref name="boresight" /> 'Yan tawaye sun yi iƙirarin cewa sun harbe abin da ya zama MiG-21 a waje da Bohadi. A ranar 17 ga watan Maris, an harbe wani mai fafutukar fashewar bam na Gadaffi Su-22UM3K a kan Benina AB, matukin jirgi, wanda aka ruwaito shi dan kwangila ne na Aljeriya, an fitar da shi lafiya kuma sojojin 'yan tawaye sun kama shi.<ref name="boresight">{{Cite web |title=The Boresight: Libyan Conflict: Fixed-wing Combat Aircraft make an Appearance |url=https://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708065618/http://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html |archive-date=8 July 2011 |access-date=2013-12-13 |publisher=Theboresight.blogspot.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html "The Boresight: Libyan Conflict: Fixed-wing Combat Aircraft make an Appearance"]. </cite></ref> A wannan rana, a ranar 17 ga Maris 2011, wani "Free Libya Air Force" MiG-21UM ya fadi bayan ya tashi daga filin jirgin saman Benina saboda matsalolin fasaha, matukin jirgin ya fita lafiya.<ref name="boresight" /><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=Accident MiG-21bis (type-75) 804, 17 Mar 2011 |url=http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=121151 |access-date=10 April 2019 |website=aviation-safety.net}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRanter">Ranter, Harro. </cite></ref> Jirgin MiG-21UM mai tawaye wanda ya fadi a ranar 17 ga watan Maris an tashi daga Ghardabiya Air Base kusa da Sirte zuwa Benina ta hanyar matukin jirgi mai sauyawa ranar da ta gabata. <ref name="boresight" /> <ref name="aviation-safety.net">{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=Accident MiG-21bis (type-75) 804, 17 Mar 2011 |url=http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=121151 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103163657/http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=121151 |archive-date=3 November 2012 |access-date=19 March 2011 |website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref> A wannan rana a ranar 17 ga Maris 2011, jiragen yaki na Gadaffi sun jefa bam a sansanin sojan saman Benina, inda suka lalata jiragen fasinja guda uku - YAK-40 guda biyu da Boeing 737-26D daya da Air Libya ke sarrafawa - wadanda aka ajiye a can a kan titin jirgin sama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, sojojin tsaron sama na 'yan tawaye sun harbe wani ɗan tawaye MiG-23BN a kan Benghazi a cikin wani lamari na kuskuren ainihi. Direban jirgin, Colonel Mohammed Mbarak al-Okali ya fitar da shi amma a ƙasa sosai, kuma an kashe shi a sakamakon haka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> BBC News ta ruwaito a ranar 20 ga watan Maris cewa an harbe jirgin saman 'yan tawaye ta hanyar tsaron iska a lokacin da aka yi ƙoƙari ya jefa bam a kan ginshiƙan tanki na Gadaffi kusa da Benghazi. [[Fayil:Ghardabiya_Airfield_-_Damaged_Aircraft_Shelters_-_Operation_Odyssey_Dawn.jpg|thumb|Lalacewar filin jirgin saman Ghardabiya na Sojojin Sama na Libya bayan da jirgin saman hadin gwiwa ya kai masa hari, 20 Maris 2011]] A cewar majiyoyin adawa, jiragen yaki na MiG-21 da MiG-23, jirage masu saukar ungulu na yaki na Mi-24, matukan jirgi na 'yan tawaye 14, masu fasaha 50 da daruruwan ma'aikatan ƙasa, dukansu sun kasance a sansanin sojan saman Benina, sun kasance masu mahimmanci wajen kare Benghazi daga hare-haren da ke goyon bayan Gadaffi, suna kaddamar da hare-harun iska da yawa a farkon rabin gabashin Maris a kan sojojin Gadaffi da ke ci gaba a gabashin Libya, tare da ranar yaƙi mafi wuya ga sojojin iska na Libya 19 Maris, lokacin da sojojin da suka yi ƙoƙarin kama Benghazi.<ref name="heroairmen">{{Cite web |title=The hero airmen of Benghazi |url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 |website=The National}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 "The hero airmen of Benghazi"]. </cite></ref> Amma rundunar sojan sama ta 'yan tawaye ta sha wahala sosai a cikin tsari - bisa ga kafofin adawa, tsakanin 1 ga Maris da 19 ga Maris, rundunar sojin saman ta'addan ta kaddamar da jimlar hare-hare 38 (kwana daga cikinsu an gudanar da su ta hanyar Mi-24 yaƙi mai kai hari) a kan ci gaba da sojojin da ke goyon bayan Gadaffi a gabashin Libya, amma sun rasa a cikin tsari jiragen yaki guda biyu da helikofta guda ɗaya, suna fama da matukan jirgi takwas da 'yan bindiga da aka kashe.<ref name="heroairmen" /> A ranar 17 ga Maris 2011. , Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da ƙudurin Majalisar Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkinobho na 1973 wanda ya ba da izinin aikin soja a kan gwamnatin Gadaffi - tare da kuri'u 10 da suka goyi bayan, 0 da suka ƙi da 5 da suka ƙi, an kafa yankin da ba a tashi ba a duk Libya tare da ƙuduri na Majalisar Tsaro nke Majalisar Dinkin duniya na 1973. Duk da haka, duka masu goyon bayan Gadaffi da masu goyon bayan 'yan tawaye sun ci gaba da tashi a cikin kwanaki biyu masu zuwa, suna kaddamar da hare-haren sama da yawa har zuwa daren 19 ga Maris, lokacin da sojojin NATO suka aiwatar da yankin da ba za a tashi ba, suna rushe jiragen yaki na' yan tawaye da masu goyon baya ga Gadaffi daga wannan lokacin.<ref name="heroairmen">{{Cite web |title=The hero airmen of Benghazi |url=https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 |website=The National}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/the-hero-airmen-of-benghazi-1.450919 "The hero airmen of Benghazi"]. </cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A ƙarshen rana a ranar 19 ga watan Maris, an kaddamar da hare-haren jiragen sama na farko na hadin gwiwa a kan gwamnatin Gadaffi, tare da jiragen yaki na Faransa da ke jefa bam a kan ginshiƙan tanki na Gadaffi a ƙofar Benghazi, suna dakatar da hare-hare a kan sojojin 'yan tawaye a Benghazi. Jiragen yaki na Amurka da na Burtaniya sun kaddamar da makamai masu linzami sama da 120 na Tomahawk a kan tsaron iska na Jamahiriya da kuma bama-bamai masu linzamin B-2 na Amurka guda hudu da suka kai hari kuma suka lalata filayen jirgin saman Jamahiriya a cikin dare na 19 ga Maris, tare da karin hare-haren jiragen sama da makamai mai linzamin kwamfuta da aka kaddamar a kan gwamnatin Gadaffi a cikin kwanaki masu zuwa, suna lalata damar yaki na sojojin saman Libya da masu goyon bayan Gadaffi da masu tsaron iska. A ranar 22 ga watan Maris, jirgin saman sojan saman Amurka F15E ya fadi a kusa da Benghazi saboda matsalolin inji; matukan jirgi biyu sun fita lafiya sannan kuma kungiyoyin bincike da ceto na Amurka suka cece su, kuma a lokacin ceto matukan jirage na Amurka, kungiyoyin bincike na Amurka sun harbe kuma sun jikkata fararen hula shida na Libya a ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, BBC ta nakalto Mataimakin Marshal na Air na Burtaniya Greg Bagwell yana cewa Sojojin Sama na Jama'ar Libya "ba su wanzu a matsayin dakarun yaƙi ba" kuma an lalata tsaron iska na Libya har zuwa lokacin da sojojin NATO za su iya aiki a sararin samaniya na Libya "ba tare da hukunci ba". A ranar 24 ga watan Maris, kafofin watsa labarai da yawa sun ba da rahoton cewa Dassault Rafale na Faransa ya lalata G-2 Galeb kusa da Misrata. Rahotanni na farko game da aikin Faransa sun ce jirgin LPAF, G-2 / Galeb tare da injin guda ɗaya, yana cikin iska lokacin da aka buga shi. Mai magana da yawun sojojin Faransa Col. Thierry Burkhard daga baya ya ce jirgin ya sauka ne kawai lokacin da harin ya faru. A ranar 26 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, Sojojin Sama na Faransa sun ba da rahoton cewa an lalata jirgin sama na Soko G-2 Galeb guda biyar a ƙasa a filin jirgin saman Misrata tare da jirage masu saukar ungulu biyu na Mi-35, amma hotunan tauraron dan adam daga baya sun nuna cewa jirgin sama guda biyar da aka lalata a zahiri MiG-23s ne. Wani jirgin saman F-16 na Sojojin Sama na Belgium ya bugi jirgin saman Sojojin Sojan Sama na Libya Su-22UM3K a ƙasa yayin wani aiki a ranar 27 ga Maris. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Afrilu, wani jirgin saman yaki na Mi-25D na Free Libya (lambar jerin "854" - wanda sojojin 'yan tawaye suka kama a sansanin sojan saman Benina a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu 2011) ya jefa bam a kan sansanonin sojojin Gaddafi a Ajadabiya, amma daga bisani sojojin Gaddaf masu goyon baya suka harbe shi; an kashe kyaftin din matukin jirgin Hussein al-Warfali. Har ila yau a wannan rana a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, jirgin saman yaki na Free Libya MiG-23BN ya tsayar da jiragen yaki na NATO a kan Benghazi, kuma ya dawo da shi zuwa tushe daidai da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ta ba da izini kuma ta kafa yankin da ba ta tashi a kan Libya ba.<ref name="boresight">{{Cite web |title=The Boresight: Libyan Conflict: Fixed-wing Combat Aircraft make an Appearance |url=https://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708065618/http://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html |archive-date=8 July 2011 |access-date=2013-12-13 |publisher=Theboresight.blogspot.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://theboresight.blogspot.com/2011/03/libyan-conflict-fixed-wing-combat.html "The Boresight: Libyan Conflict: Fixed-wing Combat Aircraft make an Appearance"]. </cite></ref> A ranar 7 ga Mayu, bayan makonni na cikakken rashin aiki, Sojojin Sama na Jama'ar Libya sun gudanar da hari na iska mai nasara a kan wuraren ajiyar man fetur da ke hannun 'yan tawaye a Misrata, suna jefa musu bama-bamai kuma suna ƙone su. 'Yan tawaye sun ba da rahoton cewa an gudanar da harin ne tare da jirgin sama mai narke amfanin gona, amma mai yiwuwa an yi amfani da jirgin sama na SF.260 mai sauƙi daga filin jirgin saman Misrata. NATO ta kasa tsayar da aikin bam din.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A lokacin yakin da kuma shiga tsakani da NATO ke jagoranta a Libya, sojojin 'yan tawaye na Libya sun yi amfani da jiragen yaki na MiG-21 guda uku a matsayin masu tsaron jiragen sama na kayan aiki zuwa yammacin Libya, suna kula da jiragen sufuri da ke isar da kayayyaki ga garuruwan' yan tawaye da birane a yammacin Libya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |date=27 July 2011 |title=The Free Libyan Air Force |url=https://www.military.com/defensetech/2011/07/27/the-free-libyan-air-force-2 |access-date=10 April 2019 |website=Military.com}}</ref> Wadannan jiragen sama guda uku na Free Libya - biyu MiG-21bis guda daya da kuma daya MiG-21UM guda biyu - an dauki hotuna suna tashi sama da sansanin sojan saman Benina a kudancin Benghazi a ranar 27 ga Yuni 2011.<ref name="auto1" /> Bayan shan kashi na sojojin da ke da aminci ga Muammar Gaddafi da nasarar 'yan tawaye a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2011, an ɗaga yankin da ba a tashi ba kuma rundunar sojan saman Jamahiriya Mirage F-1ED guda biyu da aka kafa a Malta bayan matukan jirgi sun ki umarnin jefa bam ga' yan adawa a lokacin yakin basasa, an ba su izinin komawa Libya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> A ƙarshe an mayar da jiragen zuwa Libya a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu 2012, daidai shekara guda zuwa ranar da suka sauya sheka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> Batun Combat Aircraft na Mayu 2011 ya haɗa da labarin da ke rufe abubuwan iska na yakin basasar Libya na 2011. === Yaƙin basasa na Biyu === == Filin jirgin saman soja == Cibiyoyin sojan sama sun hada da: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> * Cibiyar Jirgin Sama ta Al-Jufra (kusa da Hun) * Cibiyar Jirgin Sama ta Al-Watiya (kilomita 50 kudu da [[Zuwarah|Zuwara]]) &nbsp; * Benina (kusa da [[Benghazi]]) * Gamal Abdel Nasser Airbase (kusa da Tobruk): tsohon RAF Station El-Adem, 1942-1970. * Filin jirgin saman Ghadames * Ghardabiya Air Base kusa da Sirte * Filin jirgin saman Ghat * Filin jirgin saman Al Abraq (kusa da Bayda) * Cibiyar Jirgin Sama ta Maaten al-Sarra * Filin jirgin saman Misrata * Mitiga (kusa da Tripoli): tsohon USAF Wheelus Air Base, 1948-1970. * Sabha Air Base == Jirgin sama da Makamai masu linzami == === Abubuwan da ke cikin yanzu === {| class="wikitable" |+Gwamnatin hadin kan kasa (wanda aka amince da shi a duniya) ! style="text-align:center; background:#acc;" |Jirgin sama ! style="text-align: center; background:#acc;" |Asalin ! style="text-align:l center; background:#acc;" |Irin wannan ! style="text-align:left; background:#acc;" |Bambanci ! style="text-align:center; background:#acc;" |Adadin ! style="text-align: center; background:#acc;" |Bayani |- ! colspan="7" style="align: center; background: lavender;" |Jirgin yaki |- |Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 |[[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] |Jirgin yaki da bama-bamai |BN |2 | |- |Soko J-21 Jastreb |Yugoslavia |Harin | |1 |Ana iya yin amfani da shi. |- ! colspan="7" style="align: center; background: lavender;" |Jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu |- |Mil Mi-24 |Tarayyar Soviet |Harin | |? | |- |Dubban Mi-17 |Tarayyar Soviet |Sufuri | |? | |- ! colspan="7" style="align: center; background: lavender;" |Jirgin sama mai horarwa |- |Soko G-2 Galeb |Yugoslavia |Mai horar da jirgin sama / Harin Haske | |3 | |- |Jirgin sama L-39 Albatros |Czechoslovakia |Mai horar da jirgin sama / Harin Haske |ZO |5 | |- |SIAI-Marchetti SF.260 |Italiya |Mai horar da / Harin Haske |ML |1+ | |- ! colspan="7" style="align: center; background: lavender;" |Motocin sama marasa matuka |- |Baykar Bayraktar Akıncı |Turkiyya |Motar yaki ba tare da mutum ba | |? |Ɗaya ya fadi a watan Janairun shekara ta 2025. |- |Baykar Bayraktar TB2 |Turkiyya |Motar yaki ba tare da mutum ba | |20<ref name="MilAfrica" /> |Da yawa sun rasa a lokacin Rikicin Libya.<ref name="MilAfrica" /> |- |} === Manyan makamai masu linzami zuwa iska zuwa 2011 ===   * Almaz S-75 Volga / SA-2 Jagora - Brigades 6 tare da masu jefa 18 kowannensu; * Almaz S-125 Pechora / SA-3 Goa - 9 Brigades tare da 12 lancers kowannensu; * Almaz S-200VE Vega / SA-5 Gammon long range missile systems - 8 battalions na 6 launers kowannensu a 4 shafuka da kuma kimanin 380 makamai masu linzami; * Crotale - sayen 9 da raka'a 27 * 9K33 Osa/ SA-8 Gecko - 50 * 9K38 Igla - 380; * 9K34 Strela-3 - 278; * ZSU-23-4 - 200; * ZSU-57-2 - 75; * 2K12 Kub - 50; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Support-Page |url=http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314013013/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/balance/Libya.pdf |archive-date=14 March 2007}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * [[Majalisar Canjin Kasa]] ** Free Libyan Air Force - rundunar sojan sama ta Majalisar Canji ta Kasa, tarin ma'aikatan Sojojin Loyalist da suka yi watsi da su da kuma jirgin sama da aka kama wadanda suka hada kansu da sojojin da ke adawa da Gaddafi a Yaƙin basasar Libya. == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] plv027s8xynocfjoo1t03g0uuuglq5y 0 126333 974936 756959 2026-11-01T18:05:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cecil Edgar Tilley''' FRS,<ref name="frs">{{Cite journal |last=Deer |first=W. A. |last2=Nockolds |first2=S. R. |author-link2=Stephen Robert Nockolds |year=1974 |title=Cecil Edgar Tilley. 1894-1973 |journal=[[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] |volume=20 |issue=305 |pages=381–400 |bibcode=1974MinM...39..493C |doi=10.1098/rsbm.1974.0017 |s2cid=73299810 |doi-access=}}</ref> Hon FRSE, PGS (14 ga Mayu 1894 - 24 ga Janairu 1973) masanin ilimin petrologist ne kuma masanin ilimin ƙasa na [[Asturaliya|Australiya]]-[[Birtaniya]]. == Rayuwa == An haife shi a Unley, [[Adelaide]], ƙaramin ɗan John Thomas Edward Tilley, injiniyan farar hula daga [[Landan]], da matarsa da aka haifa a Kudancin Australia, Catherine Jane Nicholas. Cecil ta yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Adelaide, sannan ta yi karatun ilmin sunadarai da ilimin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin William Rowan Browne a Jami'ar Adelaide, da Jami'ar Sydney, ta kammala a 1915. A shekara ta 1916, a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]], ya tafi Kudancin Queensferry kusa da [[Edinburgh]] a [[Scotland]] don yin aiki a matsayin likitan Sashen Sayar da Fashewa. Ya koma Ostiraliya a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1918. Ya lashe kyautar baje kolin shekara ta 1851 a Jami'ar Cambridge a 1919, inda ya yi karatun ilimin petrology a karkashin Alfred Harker, kuma ya kammala digirinsa na PhD a 1922. Daga 1923 ya yi aiki a Jami'ar Cambridge, da farko a matsayin mai nunawa a fannin ilimin petrology, sannan kuma malami a fannin kimiyyar petrology a 1929. A shekara ta 1931, bayan ritaya na Harker, an nada shi a matsayin Farfesa na farko na Mineralogy da Petrology. Yawancin sauran rayuwarsa ya kasance a [[Ingila]], kodayake ya shafe 1938-9 a Ostiraliya kuma ya ziyarci a kai a kai bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]]. A cikin 1929, yayin da yake binciken wani dutsen wuta a Scawt Hill, kusa da Larne, [[Ireland ta Arewa|Arewacin Ireland]] don Mineralogical Magazine ya gano kuma ya ba da sunan sabbin ma'adanai larnite da scawtite.<ref name="habitas site des">{{Cite web |title=Scawt Hill |url=https://www.habitas.org.uk/escr/site.asp?Item=1130 |website=www.habitas.org.uk |access-date=2025-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221121917/https://www.habitas.org.uk/escr/site.asp?Item=1130 |archive-date=2025-02-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A shekara ta 1938 an zabe shi Fellow na Royal Society na London kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban su 1949/50. Ya lashe lambar yabo ta Royal a shekarar 1967. Daga 1948 zuwa 1951 ya kasance Shugaban Mineralogical Society of Great Britain . Ya kasance Shugaban Geological Society 1949/50. An zabe shi a matsayin mai girmamawa na Royal Society na Edinburgh a shekara ta 1957. Ya mutu a gida a Cambridge a ranar 24 ga Janairun 1973 yana da shekaru 78, kuma an ƙone jikinsa. == Iyali == A shekara ta 1928 ya auri Irene Doris Marshall a Ikilisiyar Triniti Mai Tsarki, Kingsway, London. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1973]] js5v7nvta935atnnlwf72e5sqgeaeqb 0 126870 975149 758509 2026-11-02T10:42:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Duncan Chessell''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1970 a [[Adelaide]]) ɗan Australiya ne mai hawan dutse, masanin ilimin ƙasa kuma mai ɗaukar hoto wanda ya kai ga manyan taro bakwai a kowane ɗayan nahiyoyi bakwai na duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Duncan Chessell |url=http://www.news.com.au/adelaidenow/feature/ranked/1,,5011260,00.html |access-date=12 March 2015 |website=Adelaide Now |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070921202825/http://www.news.com.au/adelaidenow/feature/ranked/1,,5011260,00.html |archive-date=21 September 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Chessell yana hawa tun 1988, yana jagorantar tun 1994, kuma ya hau kuma ya jagoranta a duk nahiyoyi bakwai. Ya fara ne a kan duwatsu da kuma cikin gorges na National Parks na Australia, sannan ya ci gaba zuwa manyan duwatsu a duniya. Yana daya daga cikin 'yan Australia da suka hau dutse kuma suka jagoranci [[Tsaunin Everest|Dutsen Everest]] kuma na farko na Kudancin Australia zuwa taron. Ya hau Dutsen Everest sau uku, a cikin 2001, 2007 da 2010. Hawansa a shekara ta 2010 ya fito ne daga matakin teku, yana hawa kilomita 1600 daga teku a Indiya. A shekara ta 2006, Chessell ya yi aiki tare da ƙungiyar matasa masu fama da cutar kansa, wanda aka sani da CanTeen, yana jagorantar su su hau [[Dutsen Kilimanjaro]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Duncan Chessell |url=http://www.news.com.au/adelaidenow/feature/ranked/1,,5011260,00.html |access-date=12 March 2015 |website=Adelaide Now |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070921202825/http://www.news.com.au/adelaidenow/feature/ranked/1,,5011260,00.html |archive-date=21 September 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Binciken da ya fi so shi ne hawan teku zuwa saman mafi girma a Antarctica, Dutsen Vinson a cikin 2007, tare da 'yan uwan Australiya Rob North, Peter Weeks, da Rob Jackson. Ya kafa DCXP Mountain Journeys Pty Ltd a ƙarshen 2000, wanda ya gudu na shekaru goma yana jagorantar taron kolin bakwai ciki har da jagorantar Dutsen Everest ta kasuwanci da kuma taron kolin Dutsen Everest sau uku. Sauran wuraren da suka hada da Kokoda Track a Papua New Guinea, wanda kamfaninsa DCXP ya jagoranta dubban masu tafiya na Australiya tsakanin 2003 da 2010. Ya kasance memba na New Zealand Mountain Guides Association. A shekara ta 2010, Chessell ya sayar da DCXP, kuma ya koma cikin fannin ilimin ƙasa kuma ya zama manajan darakta na kamfanin binciken ma'adanai na Endeavour Discoveries Ltd (2010-2016). Endeavour ya kasance a Kudancin Australia yana bincika tushe da ƙarfe masu daraja kamar nickel da zinariya a Papua New Guinea, Kudancin Ostiraliya da Yankin Arewa. A shekara ta 2011 ya zama shugaban Endeavour Discoveries Ltd. A cikin 2014, Chessell ya kafa shugaban kungiyar Himalayan Development Foundation Australia Inc (HDFA) kungiyar da aka keɓe don taimakawa yara a Nepal su fara rayuwa ta hanyar ilimi.[1] HDFA ta tara sama da A $ 100,000 a cikin shekara ta farko kuma ta gina makarantar kwana a Nepal tare da wasu daga cikin kudaden da aka samu a yankin Kanchenjunga mai nisa na Gabashin Nepal. A cikin shekaru biyar na farko na aiki HDFA ta ba da sake gina makaranta, gina wuraren kiwon lafiya, tsarin micro hydroelectric, ingantaccen ilimi da shirye-shiryen rayuwa ga sama da mutane 10,000 a Nepal a yankuna uku: Kanchenjunga, Indrawati da Sindhupalchowk suna isar da sama da A $ 1,000,000 a cikin ayyukan. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1970]] c2t24onc6pofx039qpnzs370cq6t1iq 0 127139 974989 974559 2026-11-01T19:37:11Z M Bash Ne 12403 /* Iyali */ 974989 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dauda''' (/ˈdeɪ.vɪd/; Ibrananci na Littafi Mai-Tsarki: דָּוִד , , " ƙaunatacce") <ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 1732. דָּוִיד (David) -- perhaps "beloved one," a son of Jesse |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/1732.htm |website=biblehub.com}}</ref> ya kasance sarki na Isra'ila da Yahuza na dā, bisa ga Littafi Mai-Msarki na Ibrananci da [[Tsohon Alkawari]].{{Efn|{{langx|ar|داود}} <small>(traditional spelling)</small>, {{lang |ar|داوود}}, ''Dāwūd''; {{langx|grc-x-koine|Δαυίδ|Dauíd}}; {{langx|la|Davidus, David}}; {{langx |gez|ዳዊት}}, ''Dawit''; {{langx|xcl|Դաւիթ}}, ''Dawitʿ''; {{langx|cu|Давíдъ}}, ''Davidŭ''; possibly meaning "beloved one".<ref name= BR77>{{cite book| first1=G. Johannes | last1 = Botterweck| first2 =Helmer | last2 = Ringgren|title= Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=lBUH0Znxbb8C&pg=PA158|year=1977|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans |isbn= 978-0-8028-2327-4|page=158}}</ref>}} Stele na Tel Dan, dutse mai rubutun Aramaic wanda sarki na Aram-Damascus ya gina a ƙarshen ƙarni na 9 / farkon ƙarni na 8 KZ don tunawa da nasarar da aka samu a kan sarakuna biyu na abokan gaba, ya ƙunshi kalmar {{Lang|oar-Latn|bytdwd}}, wanda yawancin masana suka fassara shi a matsayin "Gidan Dauda". [[Mesha]]_Stele" id="mwRQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mesha Stele">Mesha Stele, wanda Sarki Mesha na Mowabi ya gina a karni na 9 KZ, na iya nufin "Gidan Dauda", kodayake ana jayayya da wannan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 1732. דָּוִיד (David) -- perhaps "beloved one," a son of Jesse |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/1732.htm |website=biblehub.com}}</ref> A cewar ayyukan Yahudawa kamar ''Seder Olam Rabbah'', ''Seder Olam Zutta'', da ''Sefer ha-Qabbalah'' (duk an rubuta su sama da shekaru dubu bayan haka), Dauda ya hau gadon sarauta a matsayin sarkin Yahuza a cikin 885 KZ.<ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Baya ga wannan, duk abin da aka sani game da Dauda ya fito ne daga wallafe-wallafen Littafi Mai-Tsarki, wanda aka kalubalanci tarihinsa sosai, kuma akwai ɗan daki-daki game da Dauda wanda yake da kankare kuma ba a musanta shi ba.<ref name="Kalimi p. 32">Writing and Rewriting the Story of Solomon in Ancient Israel; by Isaac Kalimi; page 32; Cambridge University Press, 2018; {{ISBN|9781108471268}}</ref>{{Sfn|Moore|Kelle|2011}} Tattaunawar ta ci gaba a kan batutuwan da suka shafi rikice-rikice da yawa: ainihin lokacin mulkin Dauda da iyakokin ƙasa na mulkinsa; ko labarin yana aiki ne a matsayin kare siyasa na daular Dauda game da zarge-zargen zalunci, kisan kai da kisan kai; dangantakar homoerotic tsakanin Dauda da Jonathan; ko rubutun labari ne mai kama da [[Homer]] wanda ke karɓar abubuwa daga tsohuwar Gabas ta kusa; da kuma ko abubuwa na rubutun sun kasance a ƙarshen lokacin Hasmonean. A cikin Labarin Littafi Mai-Tsarki na Littattafan Sama'ila, an bayyana Dauda a matsayin matashi makiyayi da kuma mawaƙa wanda zuciyarsa ta sadaukar da kai ga Yahweh, Allah ɗaya na gaskiya. Ya sami shahara kuma ya zama jarumi ta hanyar kashe Goliyat. Ya zama ƙaunataccen Saul, sarkin Isra'ila na farko, amma an tilasta masa ya ɓoye lokacin da Saul ya zargi Dauda da makirci don karɓar kursiyinsa. Bayan an kashe Saul da ɗansa Jonathan a yaƙi, kabilar Yahuza ta shafa Dauda a matsayin sarki kuma a ƙarshe duk kabilun Isra'ila. Ya ci [[Jerusalem|Urushalima]], ya sanya ta babban birnin Isra'ila mai haɗin kai, kuma ya kawo Akwatin Alkawari zuwa birnin. Ya yi zina da Bathsheba kuma ya shirya mutuwar mijinta, Uriah the Hittite. Ɗan Dauda Absalom daga baya ya yi ƙoƙari ya hambarar da shi, amma Dauda ya koma Urushalima bayan mutuwar Absalom don ci gaba da mulkinsa. Dauda yana so ya gina haikalin Yahweh, amma an hana shi saboda zubar da jini na mulkinsa. Ya mutu yana da shekaru 70 kuma ya zaɓi Solomon, ɗansa tare da Bathsheba, a matsayin magajinsa maimakon ɗansa na fari Adoniya. Ana girmama Dauda a matsayin sarki mai kyau kuma kakan Almasihu na Ibrananci na gaba a cikin litattafan annabci na [[Yahudawa]], kuma ana danganta zabura da yawa ga shi. == Labarin Littafi Mai-Tsarki == === Iyali === [[First Book of Samuel|Littafin Sama'ila na Farko]] da Littafin Tarihi duka sun bayyana Dauda a matsayin ɗan Ishiku, [[Bethlehem|Baitalami]], ƙarami cikin 'ya'ya maza takwas. Har ila yau, yana da aƙalla 'yan'uwa mata biyu: [[Zeruiah|Zeruya]], wanda 'ya'yansa maza duk suka ci gaba da aiki a cikin sojojin Dauda, da [[Amasa]])" id="mwnA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Abigail (mother of Amasa)">Abigail, wanda ɗansa Amasa ya yi aiki a cikin rundunar [[Absalom]], Absalom yana ɗaya daga cikin' ya'yan Dauda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 1732. דָּוִיד (David) -- perhaps "beloved one," a son of Jesse |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/1732.htm |website=biblehub.com}}</ref> Duk da yake Littafi Mai-Tsarki bai ambaci mahaifiyarsa ba, [[Talmud]] ya bayyana ta a matsayin [[Nitzevet]], 'yar wani mutum mai suna Adael, kuma [[Book of Ruth|Littafin Ruth]] ya ce shi babban jikan Ruth, Mowab, ta [[Boaz]]. An bayyana David a matsayin karfafa dangantakarsa da ƙungiyoyin siyasa da na ƙasa daban-daban ta hanyar aure.{{Sfn|Lemaire|1999}} A cewar 1 Sama'ila 17:25, Sarki Saul ya ce zai sa duk wanda ya kashe Goliath ya zama mai arziki sosai, ya ba shi 'yarsa kuma ya bayyana dangin mahaifinsa ba su da haraji a Isra'ila. Saul ya miƙa wa David 'yarsa ta fari, Merab, auren da Dauda ya ƙi da girmamawa. Saul ya ba da Merab a matsayin aure ga Adriel the Meholathite.<ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Bayan an gaya masa cewa ƙaramar 'yarsa Michal tana ƙaunar Dauda, Saul ya ba ta aure ga Dauda a kan biyan Dauda a cikin foreskins na Filistiyawa (masanin tarihin Yahudawa na dā Josephus ya lissafa sadaki a matsayin kawunan Filistiya 100). <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Saul ya yi kishi da Dauda kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya kashe shi. Dauda ya tsere. Sa'an nan Saul ya aika Michal zuwa Galim ya auri Palti, ɗan Laish.<ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Daga nan sai Dauda ya ɗauki mata a Hebron, bisa ga 2 Sama'ila 3; su ne Ahinoam Yizre'elite; Abigail, gwauruwar Nabal Carmelite; Maacah, 'yar Talmay, sarkin Geshur; Haggith; Abital; da Eglah. Daga baya, Dauda ya so Michal ya dawo kuma Abner, kwamandan sojojin Ish-boshet, ya ba shi, ya haifar da baƙin ciki mai yawa ga Palti.<ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Littafin Tarihi ya lissafa 'ya'yansa maza tare da matansa da Ƙwaraƙwarai daban-daban. A Hebron, Dauda yana da 'ya'ya maza shida: Amnon, ta Ahinoam; Daniyel, ta Abigail; Absalom, ta Maki; Adoniya, ta Haggith; Shephatiah, ta Abital; da Ithream, ta Eglah (1 Labari 3:1-3). Daga Bathsheba, 'ya'yansa maza sune Shammua, Shobab, Nathan, da Solomon. 'Ya'yan Dauda da aka haifa a Urushalima daga sauran matansa sun hada da Ibhar, Elishua, Eliphelet, Nogah, Nepheg, Japhia, Elishama da Eliada (2 Sama'ila 5:14-16). Jerimoth, wanda ba a ambaci shi a cikin kowane zuriya ba, an ambaci shi azaman wani daga cikin 'ya'yansa maza a cikin 2 Labaran 2 11:18. 'Yarsa Tamar, ta Maachah, ɗan'uwanta Amnon ya yi mata fyade. Dauda ya kasa kawo Amnon a gaban shari'a saboda cin zarafin Tamar, saboda shi ɗan fari ne kuma yana ƙaunarta, don haka Absalom (ɗan'uwanta) ya kashe Amnon don rama Tamar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Strong's Hebrew: 1732. דָּוִיד (David) -- perhaps "beloved one," a son of Jesse |url=https://biblehub.com/hebrew/1732.htm |website=biblehub.com}}</ref> ==Manazarta == klmlx25s2ivku2uet08ueofua7cdizu 0 127804 975051 921520 2026-11-01T21:43:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Cibiyar Fasaha ta Yankin Karkara (ARTI)''' ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta Indiya wadda ƙungiyar masana kimiyya da fasaha kimanin 20 suka kafa don haɓaka fasahohin karkara masu ƙirƙira da kuma waɗanda ba su da illa ga muhalli bisa ga ilimin kimiyya na zamani a shekarar 1996. Saboda aikinta a fannin [[Makamashi mai ɗorewa|makamashi mai dorewa]], ARTI ta lashe [[Ashden|kyaututtuka biyu na Ashden]] . <ref name="Compact digester for producing biogas from food waste">{{Cite web |title=Compact digester for producing biogas from food waste |url=http://www.betuco.be/biogaz/Biogas%20Arti%20%20india%20.pdf |access-date=5 March 2013 |publisher=ashden.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118104820/http://www.betuco.be/biogaz/Biogas%20Arti%20%20india%20.pdf |archive-date=18 January 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == ho9xc1ofp383qmo12hl6s7nb3nfu1kh 0 128014 974746 801342 2026-11-01T12:50:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974746 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peter David Rathjen''' (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Fabrairun 1964 a Cambridge, [[Ingila]]) masanin kimiyya ne na Australiya kuma mai binciken likita. Ya kasance mataimakin shugaban Jami'ar Adelaide na 22, daga Janairun 2018 zuwa Yuli 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=Professor Peter Rathjen, Vice-Chancellor and President |url=https://www.adelaide.edu.au/VCO/ |access-date=17 April 2018 |website=Office of the Vice-Chancellor and President |publisher=[[University of Adelaide]]}}</ref> Ya kasance mataimakin shugaban Jami'ar Tasmania na 19 daga 2011 zuwa 2017. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haife shi a [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]], Rathjen ya koma Kudancin Australia a 1965 lokacin da yake yaro. Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Blackwood da ke [[Adelaide]] . Ya yi karatun Kimiyya a Jami'ar Adelaide, yana karatun [[Biochemistry|ilmin sunadarai]] da [[Genetics|kwayoyin halitta]], kuma ya kammala digiri na girmamawa. An ba Rathjen [[Tallafin karatu na Rhodes|Kyautar Rhodes]] Scholarship zuwa New College, Oxford a shekarar 1985. An ba shi lambar yabo ta DPhil a shekarar 1987, sannan ya yi aiki a matsayin mai bincike na postdoctoral a kan kwayoyin halitta daga 1988 zuwa 1990. Rathjen ya koma Jami'ar Adelaide, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a fannin ilmin sunadarai daga 1990 zuwa 1995 kuma farfesa a fannin ilimin sunadarai na halitta daga 1995 zuwa 2006. An nada shi a matsayin shugaban ilmin sunadarai a shekarar 1995. Ya zama shugaban sashen kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta a shekara ta 2000, kuma ya zama shugaban zartarwa na bangaren kimiyya a shekara ta 2002, rawar da ya ci gaba har zuwa shekara ta 2005. An nada shi Dean na fannin kimiyya a Jami'ar Melbourne a shekara ta 2006; a shekara ta 2008, ya zama Dean na makarantar digiri na kimiyya, kuma daga shekara ta 2008 zuwa 2011 ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin mataimakin shugaban (bincike). Ya shiga cikin shirin Melbourne mai rikitarwa na 'mai da hankali kan kyawawan halaye', wanda ya zubar da wasu mukamai na ma'aikata don rage bashin da ke karuwa. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2011 Rathjen ya ɗauki matsayin mataimakin shugaban jami'ar Tasmania . A lokacin mataimakin shugaban majalisa, ya inganta jami'ar a matsayin direba na wadatar zamantakewa da tattalin arziki a Tasmania, gami da shirye-shiryen motsa makarantun Jami'ar Tasmania zuwa gundumomin CBD a Burnie, Launceston (duk da haka ba a kammala shi ba), da Hobart (duk da yake ba a kammala su ba). A lokacin mataimakin shugaban majalisa, jami'ar ta kaddamar da sabbin shirye-shiryen digiri. Koyaya, rikice-rikice a lokacin mataimakin shugaban Rathjen sun haɗa da amfani da kudaden jami'a don abin da aka ɗauka a matsayin "tafiya a duniya a cikin salon", kashe $ 50,000 a ƙasa da watanni 6. A watan Agustan 2020, buƙatar 'yancin bayanai daga ABC ta bayyana cewa Rathjen ya kashe fiye da $ 277,000 a kan tafiye-tafiye na kasuwanci sama da shekaru hudu a lokacin da yake mataimakin shugaban. Matarsa, Joy Rathjen, ita ma ma ma'aikaciyar Jami'ar Tasmania, ta bi shi a cikin tafiye-tafiye tara na aji na kasuwanci, wanda ya kashe jami'ar $ 57,083. A cikin 2018, Rathjen ya koma Jami'ar Adelaide a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa da shugaban kasa, wanda ya maye gurbin Mike Brooks. A watan Mayu 2020, Rathjen ya fara hutu mara iyaka bayan shugaban Jami'ar Adelaide Kevin Scarce ya yi murabus ba tare da bayani na jama'a ba a ranar da ta gabata. Daga baya a cikin makon, Kwamishinan Mai Zaman Kanta da Cin Hanci da Rashawa (ICAC) ya tabbatar da cewa yana binciken zarge-zargen da mataimakin shugaban Jami'ar Adelaide ya yi na mummunar hali. Rathjen, wanda ake zargi da shiga cikin "dangantaka ta sirri tare da ma'aikaci", ya gaji mukaddashin mataimakin shugaban Mike Brooks.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hare |first=Julie |date=August 30, 2016 |title=How to educate underperforming Tasmania |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/inquirer/how-to-educate-underperforming-tasmania/news-story/aeacb83db96ed64639a36763fac0a5fa |access-date=2017-02-27 |newspaper=[[The Australian]] |df=dmy-all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119192118/https://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/inquirer/how-to-educate-underperforming-tasmania/news-story/aeacb83db96ed64639a36763fac0a5fa |archive-date=2023-11-19 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Rathjen ya yi murabus a hukumance a watan Yulin 2020, "saboda rashin lafiya". <ref>{{cite news |last1=Bolger |first1=Rosemary |date=4 March 2016 |title=Travel costs of University of Tasmania Vice-Chancellor, Peter Rathjen, disappoints union |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-03-04/uni-travel-spending-under-scrutiny/7218208 |access-date=15 July 2018 |work=ABC}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Burgess |first1=Georgie |date=29 September 2017 |title=Vice-chancellor Peter Rathjen to take university-funded trip weeks before signing off |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-09-29/rathjen-to-take-university-funded-trip-weeks-before-leaving/8998750 |access-date=15 July 2018 |work=ABC}}</ref> A watan Agustan 2020, ICAC ta gano cewa Rathjen ya aikata "mummunan hali" ta hanyar cin zarafin abokan aiki biyu na Jami'ar Adelaide, ya yi wa shugaban jami'ar Kevin Scarce ƙarya, kuma ya yi wa kwamishinan ƙarya a cikin shaidarsa game da binciken cin zarafin jima'i tare da dalibi na digiri na biyu lokacin da yake aiki a Jami'ar Melbourne.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Humphries |first1=Alexandra |date=18 August 2020 |title=Former University of Tasmania vice-chancellor Peter Rathjen's $277,000 travel bill |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-08-18/utas-former-vice-chancellor-peter-rathjen-travel-expenses/12566952 |access-date=18 August 2020 |work=ABC}}</ref> Kwamishinan ICAC Bruce Lander ya yarda cewa akwai "ƙarin batutuwa" a cikin cikakken rahoton shafi 170 game da binciken wanda ya zaɓi kada a sake shi saboda damuwa game da tsare sirri da ke kewaye da wadanda abin ya shafa, a maimakon haka ya saki taƙaitaccen shafi 12 'Sanarwa game da Bincike: Rashin Halin da mataimakin shugaban Jami'ar Adelaide ya yi".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-26 |title=Statement about an Investigation: Misconduct by the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Adelaide |url=https://www.icac.sa.gov.au/public-statement/26aug2020 |archive-url= |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=www.icac.sa.gov.au }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin tantance bincikensa, Kwamishinan ya dogara da wani bangare na shafin yanar gizon ɗan jaridar Amurka Michael Balter wanda ya rubuta tarihin Rathjen na cin zarafin jima'i, kuma yana da alhakin kawo batun ga jama'a, kuma a ƙarshe ICAC. Binciken da Kwamishinan ICAC ya yi game da Rathjen ya sanya al'adun Jami'ar Adelaide a karkashin bincike mai zurfi a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na gida da na duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2020 |title=Sexual harassment: university's culture under scrutiny after damning findings against vice-chancellor |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/aug/30/peter-rathjen-why-his-sexual-harassment-scandal-was-no-surprise-to-south-australian-academia |access-date=31 August 2020 |website=www.theguardian.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] 0pv9m11nvqtkozld5lr5ubuee7b2t6t 0 130961 974829 803242 2026-11-01T15:55:25Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Galit_Eilat.jpeg|right|thumb|285x285px|Galit Eilat]] '''Galit Eilat''' (Ibrananci: גלית אילת; an kuma haife shi a shekara ta 1965) a Isra'ila, marubuci ne mai zaman kansa kuma mai kula da harkokin jama'a wanda ke zaune a [[Holand|Netherlands]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Auditorium Moscow |url=http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |website=auditorium-moscow.org |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521194529/http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Artist Profile with Bio |url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Galit-Eilat/CA3768CBF61EDBAF |website=www.mutualart.com}}</ref> == Cibiyar Fasaha ta Dijital ta Isra'ila == Galit Eilat ita ce daraktan da ta kafa Cibiyar Fasaha ta Dijital ta Isra'ila a Holon (2001 - 2010). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Auditorium Moscow |url=http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |website=auditorium-moscow.org |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521194529/http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lokacin da take jagorantar aikinta, ta shirya nune-nune da dama da ke gabatar da masu fasaha na Isra'ila da na ƙasashen duniya. Daga cikin ayyukan akwai ''Hilchot Shchenim'' mai taken uku (2003-2005), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Artist Profile with Bio |url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Galit-Eilat/CA3768CBF61EDBAF |website=www.mutualart.com}}</ref> wani yunƙuri na kafa hanyar sadarwa ta al'adu a matsayin dandamali ga masu fasaha da cibiyoyin fasaha a Gabas ta Tsakiya, Bahar Rum, da kuma a cikin da'irori masu faɗi kamar tsohuwar ƙungiyar Gabashin Turai da Balkans. A cikin wannan layin ayyukan da nufin shawo kan iyakokin ƙasa da iyakokin da yanayin siyasa ya tsara, Eilat ta kafa ''Taskar Wayar Salula'' . <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Mobile Archive |url=http://mobilearchive.digitalartlab.org.il/ |access-date=2016-03-03 |website=Mobilearchive.digitalartlab.org.il |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303195604/http://mobilearchive.digitalartlab.org.il/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thom Donovan |date= |title=In the In Between: a Conversation with Galit Eilat and Chen Tamir about the Mobile Archive |url=http://thefanzine.com/in-the-in-between-a-conversation-with-galit-eilat-and-chen-tamir-about-the-mobile-archive/ |access-date=2016-03-03 |website=Thefanzine.com}}</ref> An fara Taskar Wayar Salula a Hamburg a 2007, ''Taskar Wayar Salula'' ta fara tafiyarta lokacin da kowace tashar ta ta ba da gudummawar ayyukan fasaha ga tarin asali (lakabi 1500). Tun daga shekarar 2015, ta ziyarci cibiyoyin fasaha sama da goma sha bakwai da makarantun fasaha. == Mujallar Ma'arav == Tare da Michel Kessus Gdaliyovich, ta kafa ''Ma'arav'' ("Ambush"), wata mujallar fasaha da al'adu ta yanar gizo, wacce ta kasance Babbar Edita daga 2004 zuwa 2010. ''Ma'arav'' ta kasance wani dandamali na musamman a taswirar kafofin watsa labarai na Isra'ila. A kowace fitowa mujallar ta yi magana kan wani batu na musamman daga kusurwoyi daban-daban, ciki har da gabatar da ayyukan fasaha masu dacewa, tattaunawa da masu ƙirƙira, muhawara da batutuwan ilimi. Ta mayar da hankali kan batutuwa kamar tsattsauran ra'ayi, ƙungiyoyin Almasihu, tashin hankali, matsayin Yahudanci a cikin al'adun Isra'ila, mallakar fasaha da tasirin dangantakar gabas da yamma akan Gabas ta Tsakiya. == Taron karawa juna sani ''na Liminal Spaces'' == Tare da Eyal Danon, Reem Fadda da Phil Misselwitz ta ƙirƙiro ''Liminal Spaces'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Auditorium Moscow |url=http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |website=auditorium-moscow.org |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521194529/http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> tarurrukan bita na tafiye-tafiye (2006-2008). Babban abin da aka mayar da hankali a kai a aikin shi ne Hanya ta 60, wadda ta haɗa [[Jerusalem|Urushalima]] da [[Ramallah]], da kuma yadda za a iya shawo kan shingayen siyasa, zamantakewa da na zahiri da mamayar Isra'ila ta yi wa Falasɗinu. ''Liminal Spaces'' ba wani baje koli ba ne na gaske, sai dai aikin bincike na haɗin gwiwa, wani ƙaramin zama na gama gari, dandamalin samarwa da kuma jerin tarurrukan shiga tsakani, na musamman a wurin da aka haɗa su. Tun daga lokacin ya shiga mafi yawan fasahar da ke da hannu a siyasance a Isra'ila da Falasɗinu kuma ya buɗe hanya don shirye-shiryen gwaji na masu kula da lafiya a bayan fage. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Artist Profile with Bio |url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Galit-Eilat/CA3768CBF61EDBAF |website=www.mutualart.com}}</ref> An buga littafin 'Liminal Spaces' a shekarar 2009. == Ayyukan Ƙasashen Duniya: 2010 zuwa Yanzu == A shekarar 2010, Eilat ta bar sansaninta a Isra'ila. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Auditorium Moscow |url=http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |website=auditorium-moscow.org |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521194529/http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga 2010 zuwa 2013, daga cikin sauran ayyukan, ta kasance Mai Kula da Bincike a Van Abbemuseum . Baya ga ayyukan haɗin gwiwa, ta shirya baje kolin ''Siyasar Tarin, Tarin Siyasar'' 2010 a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin baje kolin Play Vanabbe. Yael Bartana's ''And Europe za ta yi mamaki'' a 2012. ''Baƙi Ko Fari'' a 2013 Sauran ayyukan da suka wuce Netherlands sun haɗa da haɗa ayyukan ''Strange and Close'' a CAPC a Bordeaux 2011. ''Taskar Tarihi'' a KUB- ''Arena'', Kunsthaus Bregenz . ''Baƙi da Fari'' a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Moderen a Warsaw 2011. Baje kolin ''Akram Zaatari kaɗai: Wannan Rana'' a MG + MSUM Moderna Galerija Ljubljana . ''Lokaci Ya Yi Da Za Mu San Juna'', Salon 52 ga Oktoba, a Gidan Tarihi na Tarihin Yugoslavia, Belgrade, Serbia, ''da Turai za su yi mamaki'', gabatarwar Yael Bartana a Gidan Tarihi na Poland a bikin 54 Venice Biennale 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Artist Profile with Bio |url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Galit-Eilat/CA3768CBF61EDBAF |website=www.mutualart.com}}</ref> Eilat ɗaya ce daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Kwalejin Fasaha ta Duniya, wacce aka kafa a shekarar 2012, a Cologne. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Auditorium Moscow |url=http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |website=auditorium-moscow.org |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521194529/http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Eilat ta haɗu da taron shekara-shekara <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Auditorium Moscow |url=http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |website=auditorium-moscow.org |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521194529/http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> na São Paulo ''Yadda ake (…) abubuwan da ba sa wanzuwa'' a Gidauniyar Serralves da ke Porto tare da Charles Esche, Nuria Enguita Mayo, Pablo Lafuente, Oren Sagiv da kuma masu kula da Benjamin Seroussi da Luiza Proença. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Artist Profile with Bio |url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Galit-Eilat/CA3768CBF61EDBAF |website=www.mutualart.com}}</ref> A shekarar 2014, ta haɗu da taron baje kolin ''Rainbow in the Dark'' tare da Sebastian Cichocki tare da haɗin gwiwar SALT, [[Istanbul]] da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani da ke Warsaw . Wannan wasan kwaikwayo, game da fasaha ta addini da ta duniya daga hangen nesa na bayan duniya, an fara shi a SALT, İstanbul <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Auditorium Moscow |url=http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |website=auditorium-moscow.org |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521194529/http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> sannan aka gabatar da shi a gidan tarihi na Malmö na Malmö. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Artist Profile with Bio |url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Galit-Eilat/CA3768CBF61EDBAF |website=www.mutualart.com}}</ref> Ta shirya taron baje kolin ''The Presence of the Real'', wanda aka tallafa wa tallafin aikin ''Al'adu ga Duk - Mataki na III na'' EU, wanda Ofishin Tarayyar Turai da ke Kosovo ke gudanarwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Mobile Archive |url=http://mobilearchive.digitalartlab.org.il/ |access-date=2016-03-03 |website=Mobilearchive.digitalartlab.org.il }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ita ce ta shirya baje kolin kai kaɗai ta Sokol Beqiri, Ba aboki ba ne kuma makiyi, a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Ƙasa (Albania) . Tun daga watan Yunin 2018, Galit Eilat ita ce darakta a gidauniyar Meduza kuma a halin yanzu tana haɓaka wani babban aikin bincike na ƙasa da ƙasa mai taken Syndrome of the Present tare da abokan hulɗa a [[Amsterdam]], Istanbul da Thessaloniki. An gudanar da taron karawa juna sani na farko a cikin aikin a Thessaloniki a shekarar 2018 sannan na biyu a Izmir da Istanbul, inda aka haɗa masu fasaha da masana na duniya. Eilat ita ce ta karɓi kyautar ''Keith Haring Fellowship for Art and Activism'', Kwalejin Bard a shekarar 2017–2018. Eilat ta koyar kuma ta gudanar da bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Curatorial da kuma Aikin Haƙƙin Dan Adam a Cibiyar Hannah Arendt da ke Kwalejin Bard. == Littattafan tarihi == === Mai gyarawa na biyu === * ''YADDA AKE (...) ABUBUWAN DA BA SU KASANCE BA.'' Catalog 31st Bienal de [[São Paulo]] | Fundação Bienal de São Paulo, 2014. * ZAƁE ''Mai Karatu'' . Cibiyar Fasaha ta Dijital ta Isra'ila, Holon, Isra'ila, 2014 * ''Littafin Girki Don Tunani Kan Siyasa'' . Editan haɗin gwiwa tare da Sebastian Cichocki. Zachęta National Gallery of Art, Warsaw, 2011. * Salon 52 ga Oktoba | ''Alamomin rikicin da ba a warware ba.'' Edita mai haɗin gwiwa tare da Alenka Gregoric̆. Cibiyar Al'adu ta Belgrade, 2011 * ''Sararin Samaniya'' . Cibiyar Fasaha ta Dijital ta Isra'ila, Holon, 2009. === Gudummawa === * 'Ba zan iya yin aiki haka nan ba', ''Mai Karatu kan Kauracewa Aiki na Kwanan nan da Fasaha ta Zamani'' . Sternberg Press. 2016 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Auditorium Moscow |url=http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |website=auditorium-moscow.org |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521194529/http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 'Tarin Haɗaka, Rikici, Tunani, Sauyi', ''Matsalar Curatorial.'' ''Me za a Yi Nazari? Me za a Yi Bincike? Me za a Yi Aiki da shi?'' MIT Press. An buga tare da Cibiyar Nazarin Curatorial College Bard / Gidauniyar Luma . 2016 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Artist Profile with Bio |url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Galit-Eilat/CA3768CBF61EDBAF |website=www.mutualart.com}}</ref> * ''<nowiki/>''' Gidan Wasan Kwaikwayo na Kuskure. ''Menene gidan wasan kwaikwayo na siyasa a yau?', Ba Madubi kawai ba. Neman Gidan Wasan Kwaikwayo na Siyasa na Yau.'' Mawallafi Alexander Verlag. 2015 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Auditorium Moscow |url=http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |website=auditorium-moscow.org }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Minti Biyu na Tsayawa, Wasan Kwaikwayo na Yael Bartana. Florian Malzacher, Stefanie Wenner ne suka shirya shi. Mawallafi Sternberg-Press. 2014 * ''Masu Zane 9.'' Cibiyar Fasaha ta Walker. 2013 * 'Kyakkyawan Dillalin Miyagun Kwayoyi, Galit Eilat yana tattaunawa da Artur Żmijewsk', ''Forget Fear'' . Biennale na 7 na Berlin don Fasaha ta Zamani. 2012 * 'Dokar Ɗabi'a ta Mai Kulawa a Yankunan Rikici', Abin Zamba, Mai Karatu kan Fasaha da Ɗabi'a. Edita Nina Möntmann. Mawallafi Sternberg-Press da Royal Institute of Art, Stockholm 2009 * Yael Bartana: Bidiyo & Hotuna. Mawallafin Van Abbemuseum 2006 * Avi Mograbi : Fina-finai da Ayyukan Bidiyo. Mawallafin Van Abbemuseum 2008 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] oaxujtndzec0sa4181hbsmzl0vlkxn9 974830 974829 2026-11-01T15:55:45Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974830 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Galit_Eilat.jpeg|right|thumb|285x285px|Galit Eilat]] '''Galit Eilat''' (Ibrananci: גלית אילת; an kuma haife shi a shekara ta 1965) a Isra'ila, marubuci ne mai zaman kansa kuma mai kula da harkokin jama'a wanda ke zaune a [[Holand|Netherlands]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Auditorium Moscow |url=http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |website=auditorium-moscow.org |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521194529/http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Artist Profile with Bio |url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Galit-Eilat/CA3768CBF61EDBAF |website=www.mutualart.com}}</ref> == Cibiyar Fasaha ta Dijital ta Isra'ila == Galit Eilat ita ce daraktan da ta kafa Cibiyar Fasaha ta Dijital ta Isra'ila a Holon (2001 - 2010). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Auditorium Moscow |url=http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |website=auditorium-moscow.org |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521194529/http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lokacin da take jagorantar aikinta, ta shirya nune-nune da dama da ke gabatar da masu fasaha na Isra'ila da na ƙasashen duniya. Daga cikin ayyukan akwai ''Hilchot Shchenim'' mai taken uku (2003-2005), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Artist Profile with Bio |url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Galit-Eilat/CA3768CBF61EDBAF |website=www.mutualart.com}}</ref> wani yunƙuri na kafa hanyar sadarwa ta al'adu a matsayin dandamali ga masu fasaha da cibiyoyin fasaha a Gabas ta Tsakiya, Bahar Rum, da kuma a cikin da'irori masu faɗi kamar tsohuwar ƙungiyar Gabashin Turai da Balkans. A cikin wannan layin ayyukan da nufin shawo kan iyakokin ƙasa da iyakokin da yanayin siyasa ya tsara, Eilat ta kafa ''Taskar Wayar Salula'' . <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Mobile Archive |url=http://mobilearchive.digitalartlab.org.il/ |access-date=2016-03-03 |website=Mobilearchive.digitalartlab.org.il |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303195604/http://mobilearchive.digitalartlab.org.il/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thom Donovan |date= |title=In the In Between: a Conversation with Galit Eilat and Chen Tamir about the Mobile Archive |url=http://thefanzine.com/in-the-in-between-a-conversation-with-galit-eilat-and-chen-tamir-about-the-mobile-archive/ |access-date=2016-03-03 |website=Thefanzine.com}}</ref> An fara Taskar Wayar Salula a Hamburg a 2007, ''Taskar Wayar Salula'' ta fara tafiyarta lokacin da kowace tashar ta ta ba da gudummawar ayyukan fasaha ga tarin asali (lakabi 1500). Tun daga shekarar 2015, ta ziyarci cibiyoyin fasaha sama da goma sha bakwai da makarantun fasaha. == Mujallar Ma'arav == Tare da Michel Kessus Gdaliyovich, ta kafa ''Ma'arav'' ("Ambush"), wata mujallar fasaha da al'adu ta yanar gizo, wacce ta kasance Babbar Edita daga shekarar 2004 zuwa 2010. ''Ma'arav'' ta kasance wani dandamali na musamman a taswirar kafofin watsa labarai na Isra'ila. A kowace fitowa mujallar ta yi magana kan wani batu na musamman daga kusurwoyi daban-daban, ciki har da gabatar da ayyukan fasaha masu dacewa, tattaunawa da masu ƙirƙira, muhawara da batutuwan ilimi. Ta mayar da hankali kan batutuwa kamar tsattsauran ra'ayi, ƙungiyoyin Almasihu, tashin hankali, matsayin Yahudanci a cikin al'adun Isra'ila, mallakar fasaha da tasirin dangantakar gabas da yamma akan Gabas ta Tsakiya. == Taron karawa juna sani ''na Liminal Spaces'' == Tare da Eyal Danon, Reem Fadda da Phil Misselwitz ta ƙirƙiro ''Liminal Spaces'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Auditorium Moscow |url=http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |website=auditorium-moscow.org |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521194529/http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> tarurrukan bita na tafiye-tafiye (2006-2008). Babban abin da aka mayar da hankali a kai a aikin shi ne Hanya ta 60, wadda ta haɗa [[Jerusalem|Urushalima]] da [[Ramallah]], da kuma yadda za a iya shawo kan shingayen siyasa, zamantakewa da na zahiri da mamayar Isra'ila ta yi wa Falasɗinu. ''Liminal Spaces'' ba wani baje koli ba ne na gaske, sai dai aikin bincike na haɗin gwiwa, wani ƙaramin zama na gama gari, dandamalin samarwa da kuma jerin tarurrukan shiga tsakani, na musamman a wurin da aka haɗa su. Tun daga lokacin ya shiga mafi yawan fasahar da ke da hannu a siyasance a Isra'ila da Falasɗinu kuma ya buɗe hanya don shirye-shiryen gwaji na masu kula da lafiya a bayan fage. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Artist Profile with Bio |url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Galit-Eilat/CA3768CBF61EDBAF |website=www.mutualart.com}}</ref> An buga littafin 'Liminal Spaces' a shekarar 2009. == Ayyukan Ƙasashen Duniya: 2010 zuwa Yanzu == A shekarar 2010, Eilat ta bar sansaninta a Isra'ila. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Auditorium Moscow |url=http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |website=auditorium-moscow.org |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521194529/http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga 2010 zuwa 2013, daga cikin sauran ayyukan, ta kasance Mai Kula da Bincike a Van Abbemuseum . Baya ga ayyukan haɗin gwiwa, ta shirya baje kolin ''Siyasar Tarin, Tarin Siyasar'' 2010 a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin baje kolin Play Vanabbe. Yael Bartana's ''And Europe za ta yi mamaki'' a 2012. ''Baƙi Ko Fari'' a 2013 Sauran ayyukan da suka wuce Netherlands sun haɗa da haɗa ayyukan ''Strange and Close'' a CAPC a Bordeaux 2011. ''Taskar Tarihi'' a KUB- ''Arena'', Kunsthaus Bregenz . ''Baƙi da Fari'' a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Moderen a Warsaw 2011. Baje kolin ''Akram Zaatari kaɗai: Wannan Rana'' a MG + MSUM Moderna Galerija Ljubljana . ''Lokaci Ya Yi Da Za Mu San Juna'', Salon 52 ga Oktoba, a Gidan Tarihi na Tarihin Yugoslavia, Belgrade, Serbia, ''da Turai za su yi mamaki'', gabatarwar Yael Bartana a Gidan Tarihi na Poland a bikin 54 Venice Biennale 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Artist Profile with Bio |url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Galit-Eilat/CA3768CBF61EDBAF |website=www.mutualart.com}}</ref> Eilat ɗaya ce daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Kwalejin Fasaha ta Duniya, wacce aka kafa a shekarar 2012, a Cologne. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Auditorium Moscow |url=http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |website=auditorium-moscow.org |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521194529/http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Eilat ta haɗu da taron shekara-shekara <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Auditorium Moscow |url=http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |website=auditorium-moscow.org |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521194529/http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> na São Paulo ''Yadda ake (…) abubuwan da ba sa wanzuwa'' a Gidauniyar Serralves da ke Porto tare da Charles Esche, Nuria Enguita Mayo, Pablo Lafuente, Oren Sagiv da kuma masu kula da Benjamin Seroussi da Luiza Proença. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Artist Profile with Bio |url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Galit-Eilat/CA3768CBF61EDBAF |website=www.mutualart.com}}</ref> A shekarar 2014, ta haɗu da taron baje kolin ''Rainbow in the Dark'' tare da Sebastian Cichocki tare da haɗin gwiwar SALT, [[Istanbul]] da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani da ke Warsaw . Wannan wasan kwaikwayo, game da fasaha ta addini da ta duniya daga hangen nesa na bayan duniya, an fara shi a SALT, İstanbul <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Auditorium Moscow |url=http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |website=auditorium-moscow.org |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521194529/http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> sannan aka gabatar da shi a gidan tarihi na Malmö na Malmö. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Artist Profile with Bio |url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Galit-Eilat/CA3768CBF61EDBAF |website=www.mutualart.com}}</ref> Ta shirya taron baje kolin ''The Presence of the Real'', wanda aka tallafa wa tallafin aikin ''Al'adu ga Duk - Mataki na III na'' EU, wanda Ofishin Tarayyar Turai da ke Kosovo ke gudanarwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Mobile Archive |url=http://mobilearchive.digitalartlab.org.il/ |access-date=2016-03-03 |website=Mobilearchive.digitalartlab.org.il }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ita ce ta shirya baje kolin kai kaɗai ta Sokol Beqiri, Ba aboki ba ne kuma makiyi, a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Ƙasa (Albania) . Tun daga watan Yunin 2018, Galit Eilat ita ce darakta a gidauniyar Meduza kuma a halin yanzu tana haɓaka wani babban aikin bincike na ƙasa da ƙasa mai taken Syndrome of the Present tare da abokan hulɗa a [[Amsterdam]], Istanbul da Thessaloniki. An gudanar da taron karawa juna sani na farko a cikin aikin a Thessaloniki a shekarar 2018 sannan na biyu a Izmir da Istanbul, inda aka haɗa masu fasaha da masana na duniya. Eilat ita ce ta karɓi kyautar ''Keith Haring Fellowship for Art and Activism'', Kwalejin Bard a shekarar 2017–2018. Eilat ta koyar kuma ta gudanar da bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Curatorial da kuma Aikin Haƙƙin Dan Adam a Cibiyar Hannah Arendt da ke Kwalejin Bard. == Littattafan tarihi == === Mai gyarawa na biyu === * ''YADDA AKE (...) ABUBUWAN DA BA SU KASANCE BA.'' Catalog 31st Bienal de [[São Paulo]] | Fundação Bienal de São Paulo, 2014. * ZAƁE ''Mai Karatu'' . Cibiyar Fasaha ta Dijital ta Isra'ila, Holon, Isra'ila, 2014 * ''Littafin Girki Don Tunani Kan Siyasa'' . Editan haɗin gwiwa tare da Sebastian Cichocki. Zachęta National Gallery of Art, Warsaw, 2011. * Salon 52 ga Oktoba | ''Alamomin rikicin da ba a warware ba.'' Edita mai haɗin gwiwa tare da Alenka Gregoric̆. Cibiyar Al'adu ta Belgrade, 2011 * ''Sararin Samaniya'' . Cibiyar Fasaha ta Dijital ta Isra'ila, Holon, 2009. === Gudummawa === * 'Ba zan iya yin aiki haka nan ba', ''Mai Karatu kan Kauracewa Aiki na Kwanan nan da Fasaha ta Zamani'' . Sternberg Press. 2016 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Auditorium Moscow |url=http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |website=auditorium-moscow.org |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521194529/http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 'Tarin Haɗaka, Rikici, Tunani, Sauyi', ''Matsalar Curatorial.'' ''Me za a Yi Nazari? Me za a Yi Bincike? Me za a Yi Aiki da shi?'' MIT Press. An buga tare da Cibiyar Nazarin Curatorial College Bard / Gidauniyar Luma . 2016 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Artist Profile with Bio |url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Galit-Eilat/CA3768CBF61EDBAF |website=www.mutualart.com}}</ref> * ''<nowiki/>''' Gidan Wasan Kwaikwayo na Kuskure. ''Menene gidan wasan kwaikwayo na siyasa a yau?', Ba Madubi kawai ba. Neman Gidan Wasan Kwaikwayo na Siyasa na Yau.'' Mawallafi Alexander Verlag. 2015 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Auditorium Moscow |url=http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |website=auditorium-moscow.org }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Minti Biyu na Tsayawa, Wasan Kwaikwayo na Yael Bartana. Florian Malzacher, Stefanie Wenner ne suka shirya shi. Mawallafi Sternberg-Press. 2014 * ''Masu Zane 9.'' Cibiyar Fasaha ta Walker. 2013 * 'Kyakkyawan Dillalin Miyagun Kwayoyi, Galit Eilat yana tattaunawa da Artur Żmijewsk', ''Forget Fear'' . Biennale na 7 na Berlin don Fasaha ta Zamani. 2012 * 'Dokar Ɗabi'a ta Mai Kulawa a Yankunan Rikici', Abin Zamba, Mai Karatu kan Fasaha da Ɗabi'a. Edita Nina Möntmann. Mawallafi Sternberg-Press da Royal Institute of Art, Stockholm 2009 * Yael Bartana: Bidiyo & Hotuna. Mawallafin Van Abbemuseum 2006 * Avi Mograbi : Fina-finai da Ayyukan Bidiyo. Mawallafin Van Abbemuseum 2008 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] lxwesu06g2603nrnflcdro5gd1qhkft 974831 974830 2026-11-01T15:56:06Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974831 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Galit_Eilat.jpeg|right|thumb|285x285px|Galit Eilat]] '''Galit Eilat''' (Ibrananci: גלית אילת; an kuma haife shi a shekara ta 1965) a Isra'ila, marubuci ne mai zaman kansa kuma mai kula da harkokin jama'a wanda ke zaune a [[Holand|Netherlands]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Auditorium Moscow |url=http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |website=auditorium-moscow.org |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521194529/http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Artist Profile with Bio |url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Galit-Eilat/CA3768CBF61EDBAF |website=www.mutualart.com}}</ref> == Cibiyar Fasaha ta Dijital ta Isra'ila == Galit Eilat ita ce daraktan da ta kafa Cibiyar Fasaha ta Dijital ta Isra'ila a Holon (2001 - 2010). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Auditorium Moscow |url=http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |website=auditorium-moscow.org |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521194529/http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lokacin da take jagorantar aikinta, ta shirya nune-nune da dama da ke gabatar da masu fasaha na Isra'ila da na ƙasashen duniya. Daga cikin ayyukan akwai ''Hilchot Shchenim'' mai taken uku (2003-2005), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Artist Profile with Bio |url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Galit-Eilat/CA3768CBF61EDBAF |website=www.mutualart.com}}</ref> wani yunƙuri na kafa hanyar sadarwa ta al'adu a matsayin dandamali ga masu fasaha da cibiyoyin fasaha a Gabas ta Tsakiya, Bahar Rum, da kuma a cikin da'irori masu faɗi kamar tsohuwar ƙungiyar Gabashin Turai da Balkans. A cikin wannan layin ayyukan da nufin shawo kan iyakokin ƙasa da iyakokin da yanayin siyasa ya tsara, Eilat ta kafa ''Taskar Wayar Salula'' . <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Mobile Archive |url=http://mobilearchive.digitalartlab.org.il/ |access-date=2016-03-03 |website=Mobilearchive.digitalartlab.org.il |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303195604/http://mobilearchive.digitalartlab.org.il/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thom Donovan |date= |title=In the In Between: a Conversation with Galit Eilat and Chen Tamir about the Mobile Archive |url=http://thefanzine.com/in-the-in-between-a-conversation-with-galit-eilat-and-chen-tamir-about-the-mobile-archive/ |access-date=2016-03-03 |website=Thefanzine.com}}</ref> An fara Taskar Wayar Salula a Hamburg a 2007, ''Taskar Wayar Salula'' ta fara tafiyarta lokacin da kowace tashar ta ta ba da gudummawar ayyukan fasaha ga tarin asali (lakabi 1500). Tun daga shekarar 2015, ta ziyarci cibiyoyin fasaha sama da goma sha bakwai da makarantun fasaha. == Mujallar Ma'arav == Tare da Michel Kessus Gdaliyovich, ta kafa ''Ma'arav'' ("Ambush"), wata mujallar fasaha da al'adu ta yanar gizo, wacce ta kasance Babbar Edita daga shekarar 2004 zuwa 2010. ''Ma'arav'' ta kasance wani dandamali na musamman a taswirar kafofin watsa labarai na Isra'ila. A kowace fitowa mujallar ta yi magana kan wani batu na musamman daga kusurwoyi daban-daban, ciki har da gabatar da ayyukan fasaha masu dacewa, tattaunawa da masu ƙirƙira, muhawara da batutuwan ilimi. Ta mayar da hankali kan batutuwa kamar tsattsauran ra'ayi, ƙungiyoyin Almasihu, tashin hankali, matsayin Yahudanci a cikin al'adun Isra'ila, mallakar fasaha da tasirin dangantakar gabas da yamma akan Gabas ta Tsakiya. == Taron ƙarawa juna sani ''na Liminal Spaces'' == Tare da Eyal Danon, Reem Fadda da Phil Misselwitz ta ƙirƙiro ''Liminal Spaces'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Auditorium Moscow |url=http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |website=auditorium-moscow.org |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521194529/http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> tarurrukan bita na tafiye-tafiye (2006-2008). Babban abin da aka mayar da hankali a kai a aikin shi ne Hanya ta 60, wadda ta haɗa [[Jerusalem|Urushalima]] da [[Ramallah]], da kuma yadda za a iya shawo kan shingayen siyasa, zamantakewa da na zahiri da mamayar Isra'ila ta yi wa Falasɗinu. ''Liminal Spaces'' ba wani baje koli ba ne na gaske, sai dai aikin bincike na haɗin gwiwa, wani ƙaramin zama na gama gari, dandamalin samarwa da kuma jerin tarurrukan shiga tsakani, na musamman a wurin da aka haɗa su. Tun daga lokacin ya shiga mafi yawan fasahar da ke da hannu a siyasance a Isra'ila da Falasɗinu kuma ya buɗe hanya don shirye-shiryen gwaji na masu kula da lafiya a bayan fage. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Artist Profile with Bio |url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Galit-Eilat/CA3768CBF61EDBAF |website=www.mutualart.com}}</ref> An buga littafin 'Liminal Spaces' a shekarar 2009. == Ayyukan Ƙasashen Duniya: 2010 zuwa Yanzu == A shekarar 2010, Eilat ta bar sansaninta a Isra'ila. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Auditorium Moscow |url=http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |website=auditorium-moscow.org |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521194529/http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga 2010 zuwa 2013, daga cikin sauran ayyukan, ta kasance Mai Kula da Bincike a Van Abbemuseum . Baya ga ayyukan haɗin gwiwa, ta shirya baje kolin ''Siyasar Tarin, Tarin Siyasar'' 2010 a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin baje kolin Play Vanabbe. Yael Bartana's ''And Europe za ta yi mamaki'' a 2012. ''Baƙi Ko Fari'' a 2013 Sauran ayyukan da suka wuce Netherlands sun haɗa da haɗa ayyukan ''Strange and Close'' a CAPC a Bordeaux 2011. ''Taskar Tarihi'' a KUB- ''Arena'', Kunsthaus Bregenz . ''Baƙi da Fari'' a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Moderen a Warsaw 2011. Baje kolin ''Akram Zaatari kaɗai: Wannan Rana'' a MG + MSUM Moderna Galerija Ljubljana . ''Lokaci Ya Yi Da Za Mu San Juna'', Salon 52 ga Oktoba, a Gidan Tarihi na Tarihin Yugoslavia, Belgrade, Serbia, ''da Turai za su yi mamaki'', gabatarwar Yael Bartana a Gidan Tarihi na Poland a bikin 54 Venice Biennale 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Artist Profile with Bio |url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Galit-Eilat/CA3768CBF61EDBAF |website=www.mutualart.com}}</ref> Eilat ɗaya ce daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Kwalejin Fasaha ta Duniya, wacce aka kafa a shekarar 2012, a Cologne. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Auditorium Moscow |url=http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |website=auditorium-moscow.org |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521194529/http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Eilat ta haɗu da taron shekara-shekara <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Auditorium Moscow |url=http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |website=auditorium-moscow.org |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521194529/http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> na São Paulo ''Yadda ake (…) abubuwan da ba sa wanzuwa'' a Gidauniyar Serralves da ke Porto tare da Charles Esche, Nuria Enguita Mayo, Pablo Lafuente, Oren Sagiv da kuma masu kula da Benjamin Seroussi da Luiza Proença. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Artist Profile with Bio |url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Galit-Eilat/CA3768CBF61EDBAF |website=www.mutualart.com}}</ref> A shekarar 2014, ta haɗu da taron baje kolin ''Rainbow in the Dark'' tare da Sebastian Cichocki tare da haɗin gwiwar SALT, [[Istanbul]] da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani da ke Warsaw . Wannan wasan kwaikwayo, game da fasaha ta addini da ta duniya daga hangen nesa na bayan duniya, an fara shi a SALT, İstanbul <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Auditorium Moscow |url=http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |website=auditorium-moscow.org |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521194529/http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> sannan aka gabatar da shi a gidan tarihi na Malmö na Malmö. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Artist Profile with Bio |url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Galit-Eilat/CA3768CBF61EDBAF |website=www.mutualart.com}}</ref> Ta shirya taron baje kolin ''The Presence of the Real'', wanda aka tallafa wa tallafin aikin ''Al'adu ga Duk - Mataki na III na'' EU, wanda Ofishin Tarayyar Turai da ke Kosovo ke gudanarwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Mobile Archive |url=http://mobilearchive.digitalartlab.org.il/ |access-date=2016-03-03 |website=Mobilearchive.digitalartlab.org.il }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ita ce ta shirya baje kolin kai kaɗai ta Sokol Beqiri, Ba aboki ba ne kuma makiyi, a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Ƙasa (Albania) . Tun daga watan Yunin 2018, Galit Eilat ita ce darakta a gidauniyar Meduza kuma a halin yanzu tana haɓaka wani babban aikin bincike na ƙasa da ƙasa mai taken Syndrome of the Present tare da abokan hulɗa a [[Amsterdam]], Istanbul da Thessaloniki. An gudanar da taron karawa juna sani na farko a cikin aikin a Thessaloniki a shekarar 2018 sannan na biyu a Izmir da Istanbul, inda aka haɗa masu fasaha da masana na duniya. Eilat ita ce ta karɓi kyautar ''Keith Haring Fellowship for Art and Activism'', Kwalejin Bard a shekarar 2017–2018. Eilat ta koyar kuma ta gudanar da bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Curatorial da kuma Aikin Haƙƙin Dan Adam a Cibiyar Hannah Arendt da ke Kwalejin Bard. == Littattafan tarihi == === Mai gyarawa na biyu === * ''YADDA AKE (...) ABUBUWAN DA BA SU KASANCE BA.'' Catalog 31st Bienal de [[São Paulo]] | Fundação Bienal de São Paulo, 2014. * ZAƁE ''Mai Karatu'' . Cibiyar Fasaha ta Dijital ta Isra'ila, Holon, Isra'ila, 2014 * ''Littafin Girki Don Tunani Kan Siyasa'' . Editan haɗin gwiwa tare da Sebastian Cichocki. Zachęta National Gallery of Art, Warsaw, 2011. * Salon 52 ga Oktoba | ''Alamomin rikicin da ba a warware ba.'' Edita mai haɗin gwiwa tare da Alenka Gregoric̆. Cibiyar Al'adu ta Belgrade, 2011 * ''Sararin Samaniya'' . Cibiyar Fasaha ta Dijital ta Isra'ila, Holon, 2009. === Gudummawa === * 'Ba zan iya yin aiki haka nan ba', ''Mai Karatu kan Kauracewa Aiki na Kwanan nan da Fasaha ta Zamani'' . Sternberg Press. 2016 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Auditorium Moscow |url=http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |website=auditorium-moscow.org |access-date=2026-01-05 |archive-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521194529/http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 'Tarin Haɗaka, Rikici, Tunani, Sauyi', ''Matsalar Curatorial.'' ''Me za a Yi Nazari? Me za a Yi Bincike? Me za a Yi Aiki da shi?'' MIT Press. An buga tare da Cibiyar Nazarin Curatorial College Bard / Gidauniyar Luma . 2016 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Artist Profile with Bio |url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Galit-Eilat/CA3768CBF61EDBAF |website=www.mutualart.com}}</ref> * ''<nowiki/>''' Gidan Wasan Kwaikwayo na Kuskure. ''Menene gidan wasan kwaikwayo na siyasa a yau?', Ba Madubi kawai ba. Neman Gidan Wasan Kwaikwayo na Siyasa na Yau.'' Mawallafi Alexander Verlag. 2015 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Galit Eilat - Auditorium Moscow |url=http://auditorium-moscow.org/en/participants/article/111-galit-eilat.html |website=auditorium-moscow.org }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Minti Biyu na Tsayawa, Wasan Kwaikwayo na Yael Bartana. Florian Malzacher, Stefanie Wenner ne suka shirya shi. Mawallafi Sternberg-Press. 2014 * ''Masu Zane 9.'' Cibiyar Fasaha ta Walker. 2013 * 'Kyakkyawan Dillalin Miyagun Kwayoyi, Galit Eilat yana tattaunawa da Artur Żmijewsk', ''Forget Fear'' . Biennale na 7 na Berlin don Fasaha ta Zamani. 2012 * 'Dokar Ɗabi'a ta Mai Kulawa a Yankunan Rikici', Abin Zamba, Mai Karatu kan Fasaha da Ɗabi'a. Edita Nina Möntmann. Mawallafi Sternberg-Press da Royal Institute of Art, Stockholm 2009 * Yael Bartana: Bidiyo & Hotuna. Mawallafin Van Abbemuseum 2006 * Avi Mograbi : Fina-finai da Ayyukan Bidiyo. Mawallafin Van Abbemuseum 2008 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] lfvqeg6nnye4vzhoh3wpw7ymseiqwj6 0 132203 975142 771570 2026-11-02T09:32:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dolores Albarracín''' ƙwararriyar masaniyar ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ce, marubuciya kuma farfesa da ke zaune a [[Pennsylvania]] . Ita Farfesa ce ta Jami'ar Penn Integrates Knowledge a Jami'ar Pennsylvania, wacce aka haɗa ta tare a Sashen Ilimin Halayyar ɗan adam a Makarantar Fasaha da Kimiyya da Makarantar Sadarwa ta Annenberg. An san ta da ayyukanta a fannonin ɗabi'a, sadarwa, da shawo kan mutane. Gudummawar da ta bayar ta shafi fahimtar kimiyya game da muhimman hanyoyin zamantakewa da manufofin sadarwa, musamman a fannin lafiya. Ita ce Farfesa Dave Thomas na Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam a Jami'ar Florida kuma Farfesa a Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam a Jami'ar Illinois . Ita ce marubuciya/edita littattafai da dama, ''Action and Inaction in a Social World'', ''Creating Conspiracy Imani'', ''Hasashen da Canjin Halin Lafiya: Aiwatar da Ka'idar Aiki Mai Ma'ana'', ''The Handbook of Attitudes'' . Ita ce jagora ko kuma mai haɗin gwiwa a cikin labarai sama da 200 da aka buga da babi na littattafai. Tana jagorantar Cibiyar Nazarin Halayyar Dan Adam a Jami'ar Pennsylvania. <ref>{{cite news |date=7 August 2017 |title=Conveying information to patients: Too much or not enough? |url=https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/practices/conveying-information-to-patients-too-much-or-not-enough |newspaper=Fierce Healthcare}}</ref> A shekarar 2024 an ba ta kyautar BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award a fannin "Social Sciences". == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Albarracín a La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina, a cikin iyali na masana siyasa masu himma. Ta girma a lokacin mulkin kama-karya na soja da ya danne Argentina tsawon kusan shekaru goma. Bayan ta halarci Liceo Victor Mercante a La Plata, ta sami digiri a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam daga Jami'ar Katolika ta La Plata da kuma digiri a fannin wasiku daga Jami'ar Ƙasa ta La Plata . <ref>name="SPSP">{{Cite web |title=Dolores Albarracín: Background |url=http://www.spsp.org/news-center/announcements/2017-spsp-elections/albarracin/background}}</ref> Daga baya, ta kammala karatun digirin digirgir a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam daga Jami'ar Belgrano. <ref name="ASC">{{Cite web |title=Dolores Albarracín joins Annenberg as Martin Fishbein Chair in Communication |url=https://www.asc.upenn.edu/news-events/news/dolores-albarrac%C3%ADn-joins-annenberg-martin-fishbein-chair-communication |access-date=2026-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112015544/https://www.asc.upenn.edu/news-events/news/dolores-albarrac%C3%ADn-joins-annenberg-martin-fishbein-chair-communication |archive-date=2019-11-12 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Martha Fishbein, masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, ta ɗauki Albarracín aiki don halartar Jami'ar Illinois da ke Urbana Champaign, inda ta sami digirin digirgir a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Robert S. Wyer da Martin Fishbein. <ref name="SPSP">{{Cite web |title=Dolores Albarracín: Background |url=http://www.spsp.org/news-center/announcements/2017-spsp-elections/albarracin/background}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.spsp.org/news-center/announcements/2017-spsp-elections/albarracin/background "Dolores Albarracín: Background"].</cite></ref> == Sana'a == Bayan kammala karatun digirin digirgir (Ph.D.) a shekarar 1997, Albarracín ta shiga Jami'ar Florida a matsayin Mataimakiyar Farfesa kuma ta hau kan muƙamin har zuwa Farfesa Dave Thomas na Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam a can har zuwa 2007, lokacin da ta fara koyarwa a Jami'ar Illinois. A shekarar 2021, ta shiga Jami'ar Pennsylvania. Ita ce marubuciya/edita a littattafai guda biyu, ''Hasashen da Canjin Halin Lafiya: Aiwatar da Ka'idar Aiki Mai Ma'ana'' da kuma ''Littafin Jagora na Halaye'' . Ita ce jagora ko kuma mai haɗin gwiwa a cikin littattafai sama da 150 da aka buga da babi na littattafai, kuma ta sami kyaututtuka biyu na Ci gaban Masana Kimiyya daga Cibiyar Lafiyar Hankali ta Ƙasa. <ref>{{cite news |date=7 August 2017 |title=Conveying information to patients: Too much or not enough? |url=https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/practices/conveying-information-to-patients-too-much-or-not-enough |newspaper=Fierce Healthcare}}</ref> An ba ta lambar yabo ta Diener a fannin Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam da kuma lambar yabo ta Tsakiya don Gudummawar Kimiyya Mai Kyau daga Ƙungiyar Halaye da Tasirin Jama'a ta Ƙungiyar Halaye da Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Jama'a. A shekarar 2022, an zaɓe ta a matsayin Harold Lasswell Fellow [https://www.aapss.org/ na Kwalejin Siyasa da Kimiyyar Zamani ta Amurka] . <ref>{{cite news |date=7 August 2017 |title=Conveying information to patients: Too much or not enough? |url=https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/practices/conveying-information-to-patients-too-much-or-not-enough |newspaper=Fierce Healthcare}}</ref> Albarracín tana jagorantar Cibiyar Nazarin Ayyukan Zamani ta Jami'ar Pennsylvania. Ita ma'aikaciya ce a Ƙungiyar Nazarin Ilimin Halin Dan Adam ta Gwaji, Ƙungiyar Ilimin Halin Dan Adam ta Amurka da Ƙungiyar Kimiyyar Ilimin Halin Dan Adam . Ita ma Farfesa ce a fannin Ilimin Halin Dan Adam a Jami'ar Illinois da ke Urbana-Champaign. <ref>{{cite news |date=7 August 2017 |title=Conveying information to patients: Too much or not enough? |url=https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/practices/conveying-information-to-patients-too-much-or-not-enough |newspaper=Fierce Healthcare}}</ref> Ita ce babbar edita a ''mujallar Ilimin Halin Dan Adam'' daga 2014-2020. <ref>{{cite news |date=7 August 2017 |title=Conveying information to patients: Too much or not enough? |url=https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/practices/conveying-information-to-patients-too-much-or-not-enough |newspaper=Fierce Healthcare}}</ref> An zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a 2024. <ref>{{cite news |date=7 August 2017 |title=Conveying information to patients: Too much or not enough? |url=https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/practices/conveying-information-to-patients-too-much-or-not-enough |newspaper=Fierce Healthcare}}</ref> == Bincike == Binciken Albarracín ya mayar da hankali kan halaye da lallashi, <ref>{{cite news |date=7 August 2017 |title=Conveying information to patients: Too much or not enough? |url=https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/practices/conveying-information-to-patients-too-much-or-not-enough |newspaper=Fierce Healthcare}}</ref> alaƙar da ke tsakanin niyya da hali, da kuma hasashen yanayin aiki gabaɗaya. <ref>{{cite news |date=7 August 2017 |title=Conveying information to patients: Too much or not enough? |url=https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/practices/conveying-information-to-patients-too-much-or-not-enough |newspaper=Fierce Healthcare}}</ref> A farkon aikinta, ta yi bincike kan jerin abubuwan da suka faru na fahimta da kwarin gwiwa waɗanda ke shiga tsakani kan tasirin sadarwa mai gamsarwa kan halaye da halaye. <ref>{{cite news |date=7 August 2017 |title=Conveying information to patients: Too much or not enough? |url=https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/practices/conveying-information-to-patients-too-much-or-not-enough |newspaper=Fierce Healthcare}}</ref> Daga baya, aikinta ya kasance don fahimtar yadda mutane ke ƙirƙirar takamaiman halaye da manufofi bisa ga bayanai da tunani na zamantakewa masu rarrabuwar kawuna. Kwanan nan, ta yi nazarin yadda niyyar ɗabi'a ke lalata ainihin aiki, hanyoyin warware bayanai marasa tushe da ka'idojin makirci, da kuma yanayin canjin halaye da yawa. <ref>{{cite news |date=7 August 2017 |title=Conveying information to patients: Too much or not enough? |url=https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/practices/conveying-information-to-patients-too-much-or-not-enough |newspaper=Fierce Healthcare}}</ref> Yawancin binciken Albarracín ya shafi fannin lafiya <ref name="sciencedaily.com">{{Cite web |title=Don't rely on mixed messages to change health behaviors |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/09/170928113014.htm}}</ref> ciki har da yadda za a iya hana halayen da ke haifar da haɗari ga lafiya <ref>{{cite news |date=7 August 2017 |title=Conveying information to patients: Too much or not enough? |url=https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/practices/conveying-information-to-patients-too-much-or-not-enough |newspaper=Fierce Healthcare}}</ref> da kuma yadda tasirin takwarorinsu ke shafar yuwuwar shan taba. <ref>{{cite news |date=7 August 2017 |title=Conveying information to patients: Too much or not enough? |url=https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/practices/conveying-information-to-patients-too-much-or-not-enough |newspaper=Fierce Healthcare}}</ref> Tsawon kusan shekaru ashirin, ta sami kuɗaɗen tallafi daga Cibiyar Lafiya ta Ƙasa don amfani da sakamakon bincikenta na ka'ida don rage cututtuka a fannin HIV, shan taba, da canjin salon rayuwa. <ref>{{cite news |date=7 August 2017 |title=Conveying information to patients: Too much or not enough? |url=https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/practices/conveying-information-to-patients-too-much-or-not-enough |newspaper=Fierce Healthcare}}</ref> === Halayya, halaye, tasirinsu da kuma shawo kansu === Albarracín ta yi bincike mai zurfi game da yadda ɗabi'a da halaye ke tasiri ta hanyar zaɓen bayyanawa, sahihancin tushe, niyya da kuma motsin rai. A farkon shekarun 2000, ta yi bincike kan tasirin masu shiga tsakani na fahimta da ƙarfafa gwiwa a cikin tasirin magana mai gamsarwa kan hali da halaye. Bincikenta ya kammala da cewa idan mutane suka sami lokacin yin tunani game da saƙo mai gamsarwa, suna samar da imani game da sakamakon ɗabi'ar da aka bayyana. <ref name="FOR">{{Cite web |title=The Key To Self-Control: Less Is More |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/toddessig/2012/03/25/the-key-to-self-control-less-is-more/#3b81d6592c7d |website=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> Waɗannan imani daga baya suna shafar halayensu da halayensu. A gefe guda kuma, mutane suna dogara da halayensu da halayensu bisa ga jin daɗin da suke ji a lokacin, idan ba su da isasshen lokaci don yin tunani game da abubuwan da ke cikin saƙon. Bincikenta shi ne na farko da ya yi cikakken bayani game da hanyoyin fahimta waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin mai shiga tsakani a cikin dangantakar da ke tsakanin saƙonni masu gamsarwa da hali. Wani layin bincikenta ya yi nazarin yadda tasirin tasirin martanin fahimta ga saƙon mai gamsarwa. <ref name="FOR" /> <ref>{{cite news |date=7 August 2017 |title=Conveying information to patients: Too much or not enough? |url=https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/practices/conveying-information-to-patients-too-much-or-not-enough |newspaper=Fierce Healthcare}}</ref> Ta kuma yi nazarin tasirin magana da kai a cikin daidaita ɗabi'a. Bincikenta ya ba da fahimtar zamantakewa da fahimta game da yanayi da tasirin wannan nau'in magana. Bincikenta ya nuna cewa mutane suna magana da kansu ta amfani da sunan I, amma wani lokacin, suna kuma kiran kansu a cikin sunan mutum na biyu, kai. A cewar bincikenta, lokacin da mutane ke buƙatar jagora da sani, mutane suna kiran kansu da kai. Bugu da ƙari, ta kammala da cewa hanyar magana da kai ta mutum na biyu tana ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen tsarin kula da kai. <ref>{{cite news |date=7 August 2017 |title=Conveying information to patients: Too much or not enough? |url=https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/practices/conveying-information-to-patients-too-much-or-not-enough |newspaper=Fierce Healthcare}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |date=7 August 2017 |title=Conveying information to patients: Too much or not enough? |url=https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/practices/conveying-information-to-patients-too-much-or-not-enough |newspaper=Fierce Healthcare}}</ref> A ƙarshen shekarun 1990 ta yi bincike kan yadda niyya ke sauƙaƙa ɗabi'a a cikin bincike da yawa. A shekarar 2013, ta ƙara zurfafa bincike kan batun ta hanyar bincike kan yadda niyya ke iya lalata ɗabi'a ta gaske a wasu lokutan. Binciken ya gano cewa ga gajerun ayyuka, waɗanda aka aiwatar cikin sauƙi kuma waɗanda ake maimaitawa akai-akai, ana iya tunawa da niyya a matsayin ayyukan da aka kammala ba daidai ba. === Manufar aiki da rashin aiki gabaɗaya === Kwanan nan aikinta ya mayar da hankali kan manufofi na aiki da kuma rashin aiki. Binciken ya gano cewa mutanen da suka ƙware a kalmomin aiki suna shiga cikin halaye fiye da mutanen da suka ƙware a kalmomin rashin aiki. <ref name="sciencedaily.com"/> Ƙungiyarta ta kuma gano cewa akwai son zuciya mai kyau da ke fifita aiki fiye da rashin aiki. Idan babu takamaiman bayanai game da inganci da yanayin ayyuka da rashin aiki, mutane suna ganin ayyuka sun fi kyau fiye da rashin aiki. Binciken yana da muhimman tasiri ga lafiyar kwakwalwa. <ref>{{cite news |date=7 August 2017 |title=Conveying information to patients: Too much or not enough? |url=https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/practices/conveying-information-to-patients-too-much-or-not-enough |newspaper=Fierce Healthcare}}</ref> === Aikace-aikace don haɓaka lafiya === Binciken Albarracín ya yi tasiri da yawa a fannin kiwon lafiya. A cikin ɗaya daga cikin bincikenta, ta binciki ingancin kamfen ɗin rigakafin cutar HIV wajen canza halaye da halaye. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa saƙonnin da aka isar da su masu jan hankali a cikin irin waɗannan kamfen suna ƙara wa masu sauraro ilimin game da cutar HIV. Duk da haka, ba sa kawo wani canji a ainihin halayen mutane. A cewar binciken, shirye-shirye masu aiki da rikitarwa waɗanda ke ƙarfafa ƙwarewar ɗabi'a suna da tasiri. Albarracín ta kuma yi bincike kan ingancin kamfen ɗin shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya waɗanda ke amfani da roƙon tsoro don hana wasu halaye. Bincikenta ya nuna tasirin tsoro mai kyau akan niyya da hali, musamman idan saƙon ya ƙarfafa ƙarfin kai. <ref>{{cite news |date=7 August 2017 |title=Conveying information to patients: Too much or not enough? |url=https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/practices/conveying-information-to-patients-too-much-or-not-enough |newspaper=Fierce Healthcare}}</ref> Bincikenta ya kuma nuna cewa alkiblar shawarwarin halaye yana da mahimmanci a yadda shirin kiwon lafiya zai yi tasiri. A cewar bincikenta, tsoma baki a cikin halaye daban-daban inda alkiblar shawarwarin ta kasance iri ɗaya sun fi tasiri. Don haka shirin da ke buƙatar aiki da rashin aiki ba zai yi tasiri ba fiye da shirin da ke buƙatar ayyuka biyu ko rashin aiki biyu. <ref>{{cite news |date=7 August 2017 |title=Conveying information to patients: Too much or not enough? |url=https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/practices/conveying-information-to-patients-too-much-or-not-enough |newspaper=Fierce Healthcare}}</ref> == Littattafan tarihi == === Littattafai === * ''Littafin Jagorar Halayya'' (2005) * ''Hasashen da Canjin Halayyar Lafiya: Amfani da Ka'idar Tsarin Aiki Mai Hankali'' (2007) === Labarai na mujallu da aka zaɓa === * ''Tasirin Ɗabi'un Abokan Hulɗa A Matsayin Aikin Kusa da Jama'a: Nazarin Tasirin Al'ada Kan Fara Shan Sigari da Ci Gaba da Matasa'' (2017) * ''Daga Tsarin Manufofi zuwa Aiki: Nazarin Meta-Nazari na Tasirin Halayya na Kalmomin da Aka Gabatar da Ba zato ba tsammani'' (2015) * ''Ra'ayin Tsoro: Nazarin Meta na Ingancin Ra'ayin Tsoro da Ka'idoji'' (2015) * ''Halaye marasa abubuwa: shaida ga halin ɗabi'a, aunawa, da sakamakonsa.'' (2013) * ''Raba Hankali: Lokacin da Kai da nake Magana da shi shine Ni kuma Yana Bukatar Umarni.'' (2012) * ''Lokacin Yin Aiki Ba Lokaci Ne Na Sauyi Ba: Tasirin Manufofin Aiki Gabaɗaya da Rashin Aiki Kan Dawo da Halayya da Sauyin Halayya'' (2011) * ''Jin An Tabbatar da Gaskiya Ko Kuma Daidai: Nazarin Zaɓaɓɓun Bayanan da Aka Bayyana'' (2009) * ''Tasirin Ƙarfafa Nasara da Nasara na Dogon Lokaci Yana Bunƙasa Kan Kunna Nasara da Manufofin Nishaɗi'' (2009) * ''Wa Ke Shiga Cikin Wadanne Shirye-shiryen Inganta Lafiya? Nazarin Kwatanta na Abubuwan Da Suka Jawo Hankalin Shiga da Rikewa a Tsarin Rigakafin Cutar Kanjamau'' (2007) <ref>{{cite news |date=7 August 2017 |title=Conveying information to patients: Too much or not enough? |url=https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/practices/conveying-information-to-patients-too-much-or-not-enough |newspaper=Fierce Healthcare}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ev2intinpemeluhfgw4ftetq1gvx2mt 0 133571 974970 774426 2026-11-01T19:02:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Charles J. Gradante''' (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga Yuli, 1945) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan ƙasar Italiya-Amurka a masana'antar asusun hedge, yana bayyana a talabijin da kuma gaban Majalisar Dokokin Amurka a wannan matsayin. <ref>name="LIU">{{Cite web |title=Public Relations {{!}} Press Releases |url=http://www2.liu.edu/CWIS/cwp/pr/press/2005/62.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201135645/http://www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/pr/press/2005/62.html |archive-date=2008-12-01 |access-date=2016-08-23 |website=www2.liu.edu}}</ref> PensionDaily.com na Cibiyar Asusun Sovereign Wealth Fund Institute ta kira Gradante "ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin ra'ayoyi da ake nema a Wall Street" don fannoni na kuɗi da tattalin arziki. <ref name="PensionDaily" /> An san Gradante a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin masana'antar asusun hedge na farko da suka haifar da muhawara mai ban mamaki game da haɗarin cewa asusun hedge ya yi girma fiye da mayar da hankali kan neman jari inda suke da fa'ida mai kyau; kwanan nan ya tattauna batun a wani taro da [https://www.pbhfa.org Ƙungiyar Asusun Hedge ta Palm Beach] ta shirya wanda Yahoo Finance da CorpGov suka rufe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jannarone |first=John |date=2019-05-28 |title=Wall Street Veteran Charles Gradante: Hedge Funds Would Be Smart to Be Smaller |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/wall-street-veteran-charles-gradante-192506818.html |access-date=2020-05-20 |website=finance.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Gradante a ranar 30 ga Yuli, 1945, ga Sebastian "Buster" Gradante da Emmauela "Mildred" nee Prestigiacomo a sashin Greenwich Village na birnin New York. Mahaifinsa shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaba na Kamfanin Sufuri na RCB a New York. Charles ya kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Lindenhurst a shekarar 1963 tare da lambar yabo ta All County da All League a fannin ƙwallon ƙafa. Gradante ya sami tallafin karatu na ƙwallon ƙafa da ƙwallon baseball a LIU-C. W. Post kuma ya buga ƙwallon baseball na jami'a na tsawon shekaru 4. Bayan haka, Gradante ya kammala karatunsa daga LIU CW Post inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar injiniya a shekarar 1967 da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin injiniyan gudanarwa a shekarar 1970. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Gradante ya fara aiki a kamfanin Grumman Aeronautical Engineering Corp. a Bethpage, New York, inda ya shiga ƙungiyar injiniyoyi da ke gina tsarin saukar jiragen sama na farko a wata. Daga nan zai shiga ƙungiyar Pan American World Airways Space Shuttle Design . <ref>name="LIU">{{Cite web |title=Public Relations {{!}} Press Releases |url=http://www2.liu.edu/CWIS/cwp/pr/press/2005/62.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201135645/http://www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/pr/press/2005/62.html |archive-date=2008-12-01 |access-date=2016-08-23 |website=www2.liu.edu}}</ref> == Aikin kasuwanci == A shekarar 1971, Gradante ya koma daga injiniyanci zuwa masana'antar ayyukan kuɗi ta hanyar shiga John Diebold Venture Capital Corporation don ba da shawara ga Kamfanin IBM kan saye-saye a masana'antar kwamfuta. Gradante ya koma Citibank daga 1976 zuwa 1986, inda ya kai matsayin mataimakin shugaban ƙasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jannarone |first=John |date=2019-05-28 |title=Wall Street Veteran Charles Gradante: Hedge Funds Would Be Smart to Be Smaller |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/wall-street-veteran-charles-gradante-192506818.html |access-date=2020-05-20 |website=finance.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekarar 1986, Gradante ya bar Citibank ya zama mataimakin shugaban kamfanin Drexel Burnham Lambert Ltd. da ke Landan, wanda ke da alhakin ciniki da tallace-tallace. A ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 1990, Gradante ya zama shugaban kuma shugaban kamfanin Union Chelsea National Bank inda ya tsara wani sauyi kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa 1995. <ref name="LIU">{{Cite web |title=Public Relations {{!}} Press Releases |url=http://www2.liu.edu/CWIS/cwp/pr/press/2005/62.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201135645/http://www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/pr/press/2005/62.html |archive-date=2008-12-01 |access-date=2016-08-23 |website=www2.liu.edu}}</ref> == Kamfanin Hennessee Group LLC == A shekarar 1995, Gradante ta zama darakta mai haɗin gwiwa a ƙungiyar ba da shawara ta asusun Hennessee Hedge Fund Advisory Group wadda Elizabeth "Lee" Hennessee-Gradante ta kafa a matsayin wani ɓangare na EF Hutton a shekarar 1987. A shekarar 1995, tare da ƙungiyar mutane huɗu da kadarori na dala miliyan 200 a ƙarƙashin shawara, Gradante ta yi shawarwari kan sayen ƙungiyar ba da shawara ta asusun Hennessee Hedge Fund Advisory Group ta Weiss, Peck &amp;amp; Greer . Tun lokacin da aka kafa ta a shekarar 1987, ƙungiyar ba da shawara ta asusun Hennessee Hedge Fund Advisory Group ta samar da bincike kan saka hannun jari na asusun hedge da kuma ma'aunin aikin asusun hedge wanda cibiyoyi, manajojin asusun hedge da masu zuba jari suka ambata. Bugu da ƙari, ƙungiyar ta buga Bitar Asusun Hennessee Hedge tun 1993, wanda ke ba da hangen nesa na kowane wata game da aikin asusun hedge da kasuwanni. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> A shekarar 1997, Gradante da matarsa, Elizabeth "Lee" Hennessee-Gradante, sun ɗauki kamfanin a matsayin mai zaman kansa kuma suka kafa kamfanin Hennessee Group LLC. A lokacin da yake kan gaba, wannan asusun ajiyar hannun jari na ɗan gajeren lokaci ya sarrafa fiye da dala biliyan 1.6 na kadarori. A watan Disamba na 2012, Hennessee Group LLC ta sayar da sashin asusun ajiyar hannun jarinta ga Terrapin Asset Management. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta ci gaba da mallakar Hennessee Hedge Fund Indexes da sauran ayyukan bincike. A shekarar 2007, Gradante ta annabta rikicin jinginar gida na CDS-CDO da ke tafe. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Binciken ƙungiyar ya kasance ana yawan ambato a cikin ''Jaridar Wall Street'', ''Barron's'', ''[[New York Times|The New York Times]]'', ''Forbes'', da ''The Financial Times'' . <ref name="bios">{{Cite web |title=Hennessee Group LLC - Management and Biographies |url=http://www.hennesseegroup.com/company/bios.html |access-date=2016-08-23 |website=www.hennesseegroup.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104025308/http://www.hennesseegroup.com/company/bios.html |archive-date=2016-11-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Zamba a Asusun Hedge na Bayou == A watan Yulin 2005, an gano zamba a asusun ajiyar kuɗi na Bayou kuma an kai rahotonsa ga Hukumar Tsaro da Musayar Kuɗi. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan abokan ciniki, South Cherry LLC, ya kai ƙarar Hennessee Group yana zargin cewa zamba a Bayou za a iya gano ta hanyar binciken Hennessee. Daga baya Alkalin Kotun Gundumar Amurka, Colleen McMahon, ya yi watsi da ƙarar da aka shigar kan Hennessee Group da Gradante a watan Yulin 2007, wanda ya rubuta: "tunda shugabannin Bayou sun yaudari dukkan al'ummar saka hannun jari sama da shekaru tara, akwai shakku cewa binciken Hennessee zai gano zamba". <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> An amince da korar a kan ƙarar a watan Yulin 2009. Bayan zamba ta asusun hedge na Bernard Madoff a watan Disamba na 2008, Hukumar Tsaro da Musayar Kuɗi ta sake duba zamba ta Bayou kuma Hennessee Group LLC da Charles Gradante sun sasanta irin wannan tuhume-tuhumen na gazawar binciken gaskiya. Babu wanda ya amsa laifin a watan Afrilun 2009 da Hennessee group LLC ko Gradante. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> == Babban Birnin SandDollar == A shekara ta 2007, Gradante da matarsa sun kafa kamfanin SandDollar Capital LLC, wani kamfanin hannun jari mai zaman kansa. A ranar 31 ga Yuli, 2007, SandDollar Capital LLC ta ƙulla ƙawance da Barbarian Films LLC. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jannarone |first=John |date=2019-05-28 |title=Wall Street Veteran Charles Gradante: Hedge Funds Would Be Smart to Be Smaller |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/wall-street-veteran-charles-gradante-192506818.html |access-date=2020-05-20 |website=finance.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin fina-finan da aka ƙirƙira ta wannan ƙawance sun haɗa da ''13'', ''Spread'', ''The Greatest'', da ''Powder Blue'' . <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> == 1998 Raguwar Gudanar da Jari na Dogon Lokaci == A shekarar 1998, Majalisar Wakilai ta gayyaci Charles Gradante don ya yi bayani game da rugujewar asusun shinge na Dogon Lokaci na Gudanar da Babban Jari . A cikin [https://corpgov.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/TESTIMONY-OF-CHARLES-GRADANTE-OCTOBER-1998.pdf shaidarsa] . Gradante ya sami shahara wajen nuna cewa "shinge ba shi da illa ga kasuwanni; manomi shine mai shinge na farko kuma saboda haka asusun shinge yana amfani da dabarun iri ɗaya". Ya kuma nuna cewa bayan rikicin tattalin arzikin Rasha na 1998, LTCM ta ƙirƙiro wata dabarar haɗari mai lahani. Na biyu, bankuna da dillalai sun ba LTCM rance da yawa ba tare da yin bincike mai kyau ba. Gradante ya yi imanin cewa Bankin Tarayya na New York ya yi aiki cikin sauri da kyau wajen guje wa haɗarin tsarin. Ya nuna cewa LTCM ta yi mummunan tasiri ga sulhun haɗin gwiwa yayin da yaduwar ta ragu sannan ta faɗaɗa. Bayan koma bayan LTCM, Gradante ya yi kira da a ƙara bayyana gaskiya a masana'antar asusun shinge a talabijin na ƙasa da kuma a gaban Majalisa. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Gradante ya kuma yi kira da a takaita lokacin sulhu, wanda daga ƙarshe ya fara aiki bayan amincewa da yarjejeniyar "T+1" a shekarar 2024. == Ragewar GameStop == == Matsayin ba da shawara == Gradante yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun da Wall Street ta fi nema a fannin harkokin kasuwar hannayen jari, tattalin arzikin duniya, dabarun asusun shinge, da kuma rabon kadarori. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jannarone |first=John |date=2019-05-28 |title=Wall Street Veteran Charles Gradante: Hedge Funds Would Be Smart to Be Smaller |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/wall-street-veteran-charles-gradante-192506818.html |access-date=2020-05-20 |website=finance.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Ya bayar da shaida a gaban Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka a matsayin ƙwararre a fannin asusun shinge yana tattaunawa kan haɗarin tsarin bayan gudanar da babban jari na dogon lokaci. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Ya kuma shiga cikin taron kwamitin tsaro da musayar kuɗi na Amurka kan asusun shinge da kuma taron tattaunawa na CFTC kan batutuwan CPO da masana'antar Kayayyaki . <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jannarone |first=John |date=2019-05-28 |title=Wall Street Veteran Charles Gradante: Hedge Funds Would Be Smart to Be Smaller |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/wall-street-veteran-charles-gradante-192506818.html |access-date=2020-05-20 |website=finance.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> <ref name="cftc.gov">{{Cite web |title=Charles J. Gradante, Managing Principal Bio |url=http://www.cftc.gov/files/opa/press05/opacgradantebio.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301172736/http://www.cftc.gov/files/opa/press05/opacgradantebio.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-01 |access-date=2016-06-03}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, Kwamitin Banki na Majalisar Dattawa ya kuma nemi ra'ayin Gradante kan batun ƙa'idodin asusun shinge, rawar da asusun shinge ke takawa wajen samar da kuɗi ga kasuwanni, da kuma haɗarin tsarin da ke tattare da asusun shinge. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Gradante yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan masu ba da shawara kan saka hannun jari kaɗan da suka yi hasashen faduwar kasuwar hannayen jari ta 2008-2009. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jannarone |first=John |date=2019-05-28 |title=Wall Street Veteran Charles Gradante: Hedge Funds Would Be Smart to Be Smaller |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/wall-street-veteran-charles-gradante-192506818.html |access-date=2020-05-20 |website=finance.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}</ref> ] [ Gradante ya yi haɗin gwiwa wajen ɗaukar nauyin kuma ya yi baƙunci a Bloomberg Television, Fox News, CNN Financial News da Squawk Box na CNBC da kuma Street Alamun . <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Gradante ya ba da gudummawa ga littafin, ''Ƙwararrun Tsarin Kuɗi: Dabaru na Zuba Jari daga Shugabannin Masana'antu'' da ''Jagorar Masu Zuba Jari zuwa Asusun Hedge'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jannarone |first=John |date=2019-05-28 |title=Wall Street Veteran Charles Gradante: Hedge Funds Would Be Smart to Be Smaller |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/wall-street-veteran-charles-gradante-192506818.html |access-date=2020-05-20 |website=finance.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}</ref> From 2002 to 2005, Gradante was a member of the board of trustees of Regent University.<ref name="cftc.gov"/> A shekara ta 2009, Gradante ta fara sabbin hanyoyin sa ido kan haɗarin asusun shinge ga kasuwannin jari da kuma sa ido kan zamba na asusun shinge, musamman "Ra'ayin Kula da Masu Gano Gatekeeper na Gradante". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jannarone |first=John |date=2019-05-28 |title=Wall Street Veteran Charles Gradante: Hedge Funds Would Be Smart to Be Smaller |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/wall-street-veteran-charles-gradante-192506818.html |access-date=2020-05-20 |website=finance.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}</ref> == Lambobin yabo da girmamawa == A ranar 8 ga Mayu, 2005, an karrama Gradante da lambar yabo ta tsofaffin ɗalibai daga CW Post Campus na Jami'ar Long Island. <ref name="LIU"/> A ranar 26 ga Mayu, 2015, an shigar da Gradante cikin Babban Dakin Shahara na Makarantar Sakandare ta Lindenhurst. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Gradante ta haɗu da Elizabeth Lee Hennessee a watan Disamba na 1991, kuma sun yi aure a ranar 31 ga Oktoba, 1992, a Cocin St. Bartholomew's Episcopal da ke New York. Gradante tana da 'ya'ya uku da jikoki biyu. A halin yanzu tana zaune a Florida da New York. Matarsa ta mutu a ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 2016. Mahaifiyarta Mary Francis Dillon ta Raleigh, NC memba ce ta Colonial Dames and Daughters of the American Revolution . A lokacin rasuwarta, ƙungiyoyin biyu suna cikin matakin ƙarshe na shigarta. Tun daga 1992, Gradante ta yi aiki a matsayin amintaccen gidauniyar DP, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta 501(c)(3), yayin da take aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa na Palm Beach Hedge Fund Association da CorpGov. Gradante mawaki ne da aka buga kuma mai zane-zane mai son zane. A watan Afrilun 2025, Gradante ya buga waƙoƙinsa 154 a cikin littafin "Love Tango" da aka fitar a Amazon . Shi mai kula da wasan kwaikwayo na Palm Beach Opera, The Palm Beach Symphony, The Norton Museum, Palm Beach Jazz, da Arts Garage ne. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] khcbmdr72fevyrjgv8vsve2xm33t3gg 0 133875 975092 775006 2026-11-02T02:40:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 6 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975092 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cyril Kali''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1984) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na tsakiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CYRIL KALI |url=https://www.slgr.gr/en/player/1482/ |access-date=11 March 2021 |website=slgr.gr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928230420/https://www.slgr.gr/en/player/1482/ |archive-date=28 September 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> An haife shi a [[Faransa]], Kali ya wakilci Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Saint Martin a lokuta hudu. == Ayyukan kulob din == An haife shi a Besançon Cyril Kali ya taka leda a lokacin ƙuruciyarsa a kungiyar Faransa AJ Auxerre da OSC Lille, yayin da yake fara bugawa kungiyar Norway Lillestrøm SK. A shekara ta 2006, Kali ya fara babban aikinsa a kungiyar Norway Lillestrøm SK . Tun daga shekara ta 2007, ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a Girka ga PS Kalamata (2007), Asteras Tripolis (2007-08), Panetolikos FC (2008-10), Veria FC (sau a kakar 2010-11, 2012-13 da 2014-17) AEL (2011) da Apollon Pontus a kakar 2017-18. A matsayinsa na mai tsaron gida, Kali ya shafe sama da shekaru goma a Gasar kwallon kafa ta Girka inda ya fito ga kungiyoyi kamar Asteras, Tripolis da AEL. Tare da Veria, ya buga wasanni 42 a gasar kuma ya kammala Runners-up a Gasar kwallon kafa ta Girka ta 2011-12. Kungiyar Super League ta Indiya ta Kerala Blasters FC ta sanar da sanya hannu kan Cyril Kali don kakar 2018-19. <ref>{{Cite web |title=CYRIL KALI |url=https://www.slgr.gr/en/player/1482/ |access-date=11 March 2021 |website=slgr.gr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928230420/https://www.slgr.gr/en/player/1482/ |archive-date=28 September 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=CYRIL KALI |url=https://www.slgr.gr/en/player/1482/ |access-date=11 March 2021 |website=slgr.gr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928230420/https://www.slgr.gr/en/player/1482/ |archive-date=28 September 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya buga wasanni 14 da kuma 23 a kulob din kafin ya koma Panserraikos FC a shekarar 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cyril Kali! |url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/players/defender-55641-cyril-kali-profile |access-date=11 March 2021 |website=indiansuperleague.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cyril Kali |url=https://www.flashscore.in/player/kali-cyril/AevVj9pN/ |access-date=11 March 2021 |website=flashscore.in}}</ref> Ya kuma buga wa kungiyar PAOK FC ta Girka wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CYRIL KALI |url=https://www.slgr.gr/en/player/1482/ |access-date=11 March 2021 |website=slgr.gr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928230420/https://www.slgr.gr/en/player/1482/ |archive-date=28 September 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Masu Blasters na Kerala === A ranar 3 ga watan Yulin 2018, Kali ta shiga kungiyar Kerala Blasters FC ta Super League ta Indiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CYRIL KALI |url=https://www.slgr.gr/en/player/1482/ |access-date=11 March 2021 |website=slgr.gr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928230420/https://www.slgr.gr/en/player/1482/ |archive-date=28 September 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- |2018–19 |Kungiyar Super League ta Indiya |14 |0 |0 |0 |14 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Cikakken fashewa !14 !0 !0 !0 !14 !0 |} == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Ya fara bugawa tawagar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Saint Martin wasa a ranar 5 ga Satumba 2019 a wasan CONCACAF Nations League Group-A da Barbados, a matsayin mai farawa.[1] Ya bayyana a wasanni 4 na kasa da kasa don kasarsa a shekarar 2019. == Daraja == '''Gaskiya'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=CYRIL KALI |url=https://www.slgr.gr/en/player/1482/ |access-date=11 March 2021 |website=slgr.gr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928230420/https://www.slgr.gr/en/player/1482/ |archive-date=28 September 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * Gasar kwallon kafa ta Girka ta biyu: 2011-122011–12 == Dubi kuma == * Jerin 'yan wasan kwallon kafa na kasa da kasa na Saint Martin == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0715diezjk20z82owpuulugup25s7g0 0 135449 974884 793657 2026-11-01T16:12:19Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Haris Doukas''' (Greek; an haife shi 12 ga Mayu 1980) masanin injiniya ne na Girka kuma Farfesa a manufofin makamashi da gudanarwa a Makarantar Injiniyan Lantarki da Kwamfuta na Jami'ar Fasaha ta Athens . Doukas shine Magajin garin Athens, bayan ya hau mulki a ranar 1 ga Janairun shekarar 2024, ya gaji [[Kostas Bakoyannis]] . == Ayyukan kimiyya == Haris Doukas fagen ƙwarewa yana da alaƙa da ci gaban Tsarin tallafin yanke shawara don makamashi da manufofin yanayi, yana sanya ma'anar ɗan adam a cikin mahimmancin hanyoyin ƙira da yin manufofi zuwa Ci gaba mai ɗorewa. Tsarin haɗin kai ya dogara ne akan haɗin gwiwa tare da 'yan ƙasa, tare da haɗin kai inda zai yiwu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-01 |title=Climate policy and action: Citizens at the forefront |url=https://researchfeatures.com/climate-policy-action-citizens-forefront/ |access-date=2021-02-06 |website=Research Features |language=en-US}}</ref> Doukas yana amfani da masu canji na harshe don kama ainihin halayyar ɗan adam a cikin makamashi da tsarin yanayi, yana ba da damar tsara manufofi waɗanda ke sauraron "abin da mutane ke so" da "abin da mutum zai iya yi", wanda ke da mahimmanci ga nasarar su. Yana da fiye da wallafe-wallafen kimiyya 150 a cikin mujallu na kimiyya na duniya tare da masu bita shine fannonin da aka ambata a sama, shi ne co- marubucin littafin Helenanci Multiple Criteria Decision Models for Energy and Environmental Systems, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-01 |title=Climate policy and action: Citizens at the forefront |url=https://researchfeatures.com/climate-policy-action-citizens-forefront/ |access-date=2021-02-06 |website=Research Features |language=en-US}}</ref> co-editor na littafin bude-access Understanding Risks and Uncertainties in Energy and Climate Policy: Multidisary Methods and Tools for a Low Carbon Society kuma co- marubuci na littafin Ingilishi ''Multicriteria Portfolio Construction tare da Python''. Bugu da ƙari, Doukas Mataimakin Edita ne na Jaridar Bincike ta Duniya kuma Babban Sakatare na Hellenic Operational Research Society (HELORS) .<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Associate Editor |url=https://www.springer.com/journal/12351 |access-date=2021-02-06 |website=Operational Research An International Journal |language=en}}</ref> Haris Doukas ya shiga a matsayin gwani a Taron Makamashi na Sabuntawa na Duniya / Network (WREC / WREN) inda ya sami lambar yabo ta musamman saboda gudummawarsa, Majalisar Makamashi ta Duniya (WEC) da Cibiyar Fasahar Fasaha ta Tsabtace Makamashi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-01 |title=Climate policy and action: Citizens at the forefront |url=https://researchfeatures.com/climate-policy-action-citizens-forefront/ |access-date=2021-02-06 |website=Research Features |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyukan siyasa == A ranar 3 ga watan Agustan 2023, Doukas ya kaddamar da kamfen dinsa don a zabe shi magajin gari na Athens a zaben Municipal na Athens na 2023 a karkashin jam'iyyar Athens Now kuma tare da goyon bayan PASOK - Movement for Change da Volt Greece . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-01 |title=Climate policy and action: Citizens at the forefront |url=https://researchfeatures.com/climate-policy-action-citizens-forefront/ |access-date=2021-02-06 |website=Research Features |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Doukas ya yi kamfen don bunkasa Athens zuwa [[Birni mai dorewa|birni mai kore]]. Yaƙin neman zaɓe ya ci nasara, ya kayar da magajin gari mai ci [[Kostas Bakoyannis]] a cikin runoff. A ranar 30 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2024 Doukas PASOK_–_KINAL_leadership_election" id="mwTw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2024 PASOK – KINAL leadership election">ya sanar da takararsa a matsayin shugaban PASOK yana fatan ya maye gurbin Androulakis" id="mwUQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Nikos Androulakis">Nikos Androulakis; yana fatan hada kan ikon tsakiya na hagu (Siriya, PASOK) a cikin yiwuwar Zaben Girka na gaba (watakila 2027), galibi saboda tsayawar PASOK a Zaben Majalisar Tarayyar Turai na 2024. Tare da Doukas sun zo da wasu da yawa da ke son cin nasara Androulakis ciki har da tsohon Ministan Al'adu da Yawon Bude Ido Pavlos Geroulanos . [undefined] [1][2][3] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fg654wm1q6321kixmp76h5b6nx8ev7t 974885 974884 2026-11-01T16:12:41Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Haris Doukas''' (Greek; an haife shi 12 ga Mayu 1980) masanin injiniya ne na Girka kuma Farfesa a manufofin makamashi da gudanarwa a Makarantar Injiniyan Lantarki da Kwamfuta na Jami'ar Fasaha ta Athens . Doukas shine Magajin garin Athens, bayan ya hau mulki a ranar 1 ga Janairun shekarar 2024, ya gaji [[Kostas Bakoyannis]] . == Ayyukan kimiyya == Haris Doukas fagen ƙwarewa yana da alaƙa da ci gaban Tsarin tallafin yanke shawara don makamashi da manufofin yanayi, yana sanya ma'anar ɗan adam a cikin mahimmancin hanyoyin ƙira da yin manufofi zuwa Ci gaba mai ɗorewa. Tsarin haɗin kai ya dogara ne akan haɗin gwiwa tare da 'yan ƙasa, tare da haɗin kai inda zai yiwu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-01 |title=Climate policy and action: Citizens at the forefront |url=https://researchfeatures.com/climate-policy-action-citizens-forefront/ |access-date=2021-02-06 |website=Research Features |language=en-US}}</ref> Doukas yana amfani da masu canji na harshe don kama ainihin halayyar ɗan adam a cikin makamashi da tsarin yanayi, yana ba da damar tsara manufofi waɗanda ke sauraron "abin da mutane ke so" da "abin da mutum zai iya yi", wanda ke da mahimmanci ga nasarar su. Yana da fiye da wallafe-wallafen kimiyya 150 a cikin mujallu na kimiyya na duniya tare da masu bita shine fannonin da aka ambata a sama, shi ne co- marubucin littafin Helenanci Multiple Criteria Decision Models for Energy and Environmental Systems, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-01 |title=Climate policy and action: Citizens at the forefront |url=https://researchfeatures.com/climate-policy-action-citizens-forefront/ |access-date=2021-02-06 |website=Research Features |language=en-US}}</ref> co-editor na littafin bude-access Understanding Risks and Uncertainties in Energy and Climate Policy: Multidisary Methods and Tools for a Low Carbon Society kuma co- marubuci na littafin Ingilishi ''Multicriteria Portfolio Construction tare da Python''. Bugu da ƙari, Doukas Mataimakin Edita ne na Jaridar Bincike ta Duniya kuma Babban Sakatare na Hellenic Operational Research Society (HELORS) .<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Associate Editor |url=https://www.springer.com/journal/12351 |access-date=2021-02-06 |website=Operational Research An International Journal |language=en}}</ref> Haris Doukas ya shiga a matsayin gwani a Taron Makamashi na Sabuntawa na Duniya / Network (WREC / WREN) inda ya sami lambar yabo ta musamman saboda gudummawarsa, Majalisar Makamashi ta Duniya (WEC) da Cibiyar Fasahar Fasaha ta Tsabtace Makamashi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-01 |title=Climate policy and action: Citizens at the forefront |url=https://researchfeatures.com/climate-policy-action-citizens-forefront/ |access-date=2021-02-06 |website=Research Features |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyukan siyasa == A ranar 3 ga watan Agustan shekarar 2023, Doukas ya kaddamar da kamfen dinsa don a zabe shi magajin gari na Athens a zaben Municipal na Athens na 2023 a karkashin jam'iyyar Athens Now kuma tare da goyon bayan PASOK - Movement for Change da Volt Greece . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-01 |title=Climate policy and action: Citizens at the forefront |url=https://researchfeatures.com/climate-policy-action-citizens-forefront/ |access-date=2021-02-06 |website=Research Features |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Doukas ya yi kamfen don bunkasa Athens zuwa [[Birni mai dorewa|birni mai kore]]. Yaƙin neman zaɓe ya ci nasara, ya kayar da magajin gari mai ci [[Kostas Bakoyannis]] a cikin runoff. A ranar 30 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2024 Doukas PASOK_–_KINAL_leadership_election" id="mwTw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2024 PASOK – KINAL leadership election">ya sanar da takararsa a matsayin shugaban PASOK yana fatan ya maye gurbin Androulakis" id="mwUQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Nikos Androulakis">Nikos Androulakis; yana fatan hada kan ikon tsakiya na hagu (Siriya, PASOK) a cikin yiwuwar Zaben Girka na gaba (watakila 2027), galibi saboda tsayawar PASOK a Zaben Majalisar Tarayyar Turai na 2024. Tare da Doukas sun zo da wasu da yawa da ke son cin nasara Androulakis ciki har da tsohon Ministan Al'adu da Yawon Bude Ido Pavlos Geroulanos . [undefined] [1][2][3] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] j4cj0sxvl2ird71j9t6djiduqootba5 974886 974885 2026-11-01T16:12:56Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Haris Doukas''' (Greek; an haife shi 12 ga Mayu 1980) masanin injiniya ne na Girka kuma Farfesa a manufofin makamashi da gudanarwa a Makarantar Injiniyan Lantarki da Kwamfuta na Jami'ar Fasaha ta Athens . Doukas shine Magajin garin Athens, bayan ya hau mulki a ranar 1 ga Janairun shekarar 2024, ya gaji [[Kostas Bakoyannis]] . == Ayyukan kimiyya == Haris Doukas fagen ƙwarewa yana da alaƙa da ci gaban Tsarin tallafin yanke shawara don makamashi da manufofin yanayi, yana sanya ma'anar ɗan adam a cikin mahimmancin hanyoyin ƙira da yin manufofi zuwa Ci gaba mai ɗorewa. Tsarin haɗin kai ya dogara ne akan haɗin gwiwa tare da 'yan ƙasa, tare da haɗin kai inda zai yiwu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-01 |title=Climate policy and action: Citizens at the forefront |url=https://researchfeatures.com/climate-policy-action-citizens-forefront/ |access-date=2021-02-06 |website=Research Features |language=en-US}}</ref> Doukas yana amfani da masu canji na harshe don kama ainihin halayyar ɗan adam a cikin makamashi da tsarin yanayi, yana ba da damar tsara manufofi waɗanda ke sauraron "abin da mutane ke so" da "abin da mutum zai iya yi", wanda ke da mahimmanci ga nasarar su. Yana da fiye da wallafe-wallafen kimiyya 150 a cikin mujallu na kimiyya na duniya tare da masu bita shine fannonin da aka ambata a sama, shi ne co- marubucin littafin Helenanci Multiple Criteria Decision Models for Energy and Environmental Systems, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-01 |title=Climate policy and action: Citizens at the forefront |url=https://researchfeatures.com/climate-policy-action-citizens-forefront/ |access-date=2021-02-06 |website=Research Features |language=en-US}}</ref> co-editor na littafin bude-access Understanding Risks and Uncertainties in Energy and Climate Policy: Multidisary Methods and Tools for a Low Carbon Society kuma co- marubuci na littafin Ingilishi ''Multicriteria Portfolio Construction tare da Python''. Bugu da ƙari, Doukas Mataimakin Edita ne na Jaridar Bincike ta Duniya kuma Babban Sakatare na Hellenic Operational Research Society (HELORS) .<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Associate Editor |url=https://www.springer.com/journal/12351 |access-date=2021-02-06 |website=Operational Research An International Journal |language=en}}</ref> Haris Doukas ya shiga a matsayin gwani a Taron Makamashi na Sabuntawa na Duniya / Network (WREC / WREN) inda ya sami lambar yabo ta musamman saboda gudummawarsa, Majalisar Makamashi ta Duniya (WEC) da Cibiyar Fasahar Fasaha ta Tsabtace Makamashi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-01 |title=Climate policy and action: Citizens at the forefront |url=https://researchfeatures.com/climate-policy-action-citizens-forefront/ |access-date=2021-02-06 |website=Research Features |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyukan siyasa == A ranar 3 ga watan Agustan shekarar 2023, Doukas ya ƙaddamar da kamfen dinsa don a zabe shi magajin gari na Athens a zaben Municipal na Athens na 2023 a karkashin jam'iyyar Athens Now kuma tare da goyon bayan PASOK - Movement for Change da Volt Greece . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-01 |title=Climate policy and action: Citizens at the forefront |url=https://researchfeatures.com/climate-policy-action-citizens-forefront/ |access-date=2021-02-06 |website=Research Features |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Doukas ya yi kamfen don bunkasa Athens zuwa [[Birni mai dorewa|birni mai kore]]. Yaƙin neman zaɓe ya ci nasara, ya kayar da magajin gari mai ci [[Kostas Bakoyannis]] a cikin runoff. A ranar 30 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2024 Doukas PASOK_–_KINAL_leadership_election" id="mwTw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="2024 PASOK – KINAL leadership election">ya sanar da takararsa a matsayin shugaban PASOK yana fatan ya maye gurbin Androulakis" id="mwUQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Nikos Androulakis">Nikos Androulakis; yana fatan hada kan ikon tsakiya na hagu (Siriya, PASOK) a cikin yiwuwar Zaben Girka na gaba (watakila 2027), galibi saboda tsayawar PASOK a Zaben Majalisar Tarayyar Turai na 2024. Tare da Doukas sun zo da wasu da yawa da ke son cin nasara Androulakis ciki har da tsohon Ministan Al'adu da Yawon Bude Ido Pavlos Geroulanos . [undefined] [1][2][3] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] q4pah12xsaywdojb0k3bmrw9xkr30ys 0 135524 974878 794127 2026-11-01T16:10:11Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''David Patrick Thomson''' (17 ga Mayun shekara ta 1896 - 16 ga Maris 1974) ya kasance fasto a Cocin Scotland wanda ya bi aikin wa'azin Kirista a matsayin ɗalibi, ministan coci, darektan Cibiyoyin Gidaje, da kuma marubuci kuma mawallafi Kirista. <ref>Cameron, Nigel M. de S. (ed.) (1993). ''Dictionary of Scottish Church History and Theology''. Edinburgh: T & T Clark Ltd. {{ISBN|0 567 09650 5}} – article 'Thomson, David Patrick' by P.T. Bisset offers a short assessment.</ref> Lokacin da ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1966, Babban Taron Cocin Scotland ya bayyana shi a matsayin "Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun shugabannin Cocin a wannan tsara". == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haife shi a ranar 17 ga Mayu, 1896 a Dundee, Scotland, DP Thomson ya fara jagorantar ayyukan bishara yayin da yake aiki a matsayin laftanar na Rundunar Sojojin Soja a cikin Rundunar Sojojin Salonika ta Burtaniya a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya . Da ya dawo Birtaniya ya ci gaba da wa'azi, da farko a matsayin mai wa'azin bishara mai yawo sannan kuma a matsayin ɗalibi na hidimar United Free Church of Scotland . A shekarun 1917 da 1918, Thomson shi ne wakilin Ofishin Jakadancin Zuciyar Afirka (wanda yanzu ake kira WEC International ) a Scotland, wanda Charles Studd ya jagoranta a Afirka, kuma a Burtaniya, Mrs Priscilla Studd ta jagoranta. A matsayinsa na ɗalibi a Jami'ar Glasgow 'DP' (kamar yadda aka fi sani da shi, "ba tare da rashin girmamawa ba ko da yaushe tare da ƙauna") ya ƙirƙiri Ƙungiyar Bisharar Ɗaliban Glasgow kuma ya jagoranci kamfen da yawa, 1922–28, yana da alhakin don ƙarfafa Eric Liddell, ɗan wasan rugby na ƙasa da ƙasa na Scotland kuma ɗan wasan da ya lashe lambar zinare a gasar Olympics, ya yi magana a bainar jama'a game da imaninsa ga Almasihu. Thomson ya kammala karatun digiri na MA a Glasgow a shekarar 1922. == A matsayina na mai buga littattafai, edita kuma marubuci == A lokacin da yake horon hidima, Thomson ya kafa kamfanin kasuwanci na Thomson & Cowan kuma ya buga jerin littattafai masu suna ''Handbooks of Modern Evangelism'' . Kamar yadda ya yarda daga baya a rayuwarsa, shi da ɗan'uwansa Robert ne suka gyara waɗannan a ƙarƙashin sunan 'Two University Men'. Kwafi na jerin shirye-shiryen da aka gudanar a ɗakin karatu na ƙasa na Scotland sune: ''Evangelism in the Modern World,'' ''Modern Evangelistic Movements'', ''Winning the Children for Christ'' da ''The Modern Evangelistic Address'' . Thomson ya gyara ko kuma ya rubuta adadi mai yawa na littattafai da ƙasidu kan wa'azin bishara da kuma tarihin cocin Scotland. Waɗannan galibi ana buga su da kansu, abin baƙin ciki ne ga marubucin tarihin rayuwarsa na farko, Rev. Dr. Ian Doyle. Ayyukan Thomson guda uku na tarihin rayuwarsa sune: ''Hanyar Dunfermline : Labarin Neman Shekaru Talatin da Biyar,'' ''Dalilin da Yasa Na Yi Imani'' da ''Gamuwa da Kai'' . ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1974]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1896]] 6zg54t54f1sj5z9iugu939m29l35ay5 974880 974878 2026-11-01T16:10:27Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974880 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''David Patrick Thomson''' (17 ga Mayun shekara ta 1896 - 16 ga Maris 1974) ya kasance fasto a Cocin Scotland wanda ya bi aikin wa'azin Kirista a matsayin ɗalibi, ministan coci, darektan Cibiyoyin Gidaje, da kuma marubuci kuma mawallafi Kirista. <ref>Cameron, Nigel M. de S. (ed.) (1993). ''Dictionary of Scottish Church History and Theology''. Edinburgh: T & T Clark Ltd. {{ISBN|0 567 09650 5}} – article 'Thomson, David Patrick' by P.T. Bisset offers a short assessment.</ref> Lokacin da ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1966, Babban Taron Cocin Scotland ya bayyana shi a matsayin "Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun shugabannin Cocin a wannan tsara". == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An kuma haife shi a ranar 17 ga Mayu, 1896 a Dundee, Scotland, DP Thomson ya fara jagorantar ayyukan bishara yayin da yake aiki a matsayin laftanar na Rundunar Sojojin Soja a cikin Rundunar Sojojin Salonika ta Burtaniya a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya . Da ya dawo Birtaniya ya ci gaba da wa'azi, da farko a matsayin mai wa'azin bishara mai yawo sannan kuma a matsayin ɗalibi na hidimar United Free Church of Scotland . A shekarun 1917 da 1918, Thomson shi ne wakilin Ofishin Jakadancin Zuciyar Afirka (wanda yanzu ake kira WEC International ) a Scotland, wanda Charles Studd ya jagoranta a Afirka, kuma a Burtaniya, Mrs Priscilla Studd ta jagoranta. A matsayinsa na ɗalibi a Jami'ar Glasgow 'DP' (kamar yadda aka fi sani da shi, "ba tare da rashin girmamawa ba ko da yaushe tare da ƙauna") ya ƙirƙiri Ƙungiyar Bisharar Ɗaliban Glasgow kuma ya jagoranci kamfen da yawa, 1922–28, yana da alhakin don ƙarfafa Eric Liddell, ɗan wasan rugby na ƙasa da ƙasa na Scotland kuma ɗan wasan da ya lashe lambar zinare a gasar Olympics, ya yi magana a bainar jama'a game da imaninsa ga Almasihu. Thomson ya kammala karatun digiri na MA a Glasgow a shekarar 1922. == A matsayina na mai buga littattafai, edita kuma marubuci == A lokacin da yake horon hidima, Thomson ya kafa kamfanin kasuwanci na Thomson & Cowan kuma ya buga jerin littattafai masu suna ''Handbooks of Modern Evangelism'' . Kamar yadda ya yarda daga baya a rayuwarsa, shi da ɗan'uwansa Robert ne suka gyara waɗannan a ƙarƙashin sunan 'Two University Men'. Kwafi na jerin shirye-shiryen da aka gudanar a ɗakin karatu na ƙasa na Scotland sune: ''Evangelism in the Modern World,'' ''Modern Evangelistic Movements'', ''Winning the Children for Christ'' da ''The Modern Evangelistic Address'' . Thomson ya gyara ko kuma ya rubuta adadi mai yawa na littattafai da ƙasidu kan wa'azin bishara da kuma tarihin cocin Scotland. Waɗannan galibi ana buga su da kansu, abin baƙin ciki ne ga marubucin tarihin rayuwarsa na farko, Rev. Dr. Ian Doyle. Ayyukan Thomson guda uku na tarihin rayuwarsa sune: ''Hanyar Dunfermline : Labarin Neman Shekaru Talatin da Biyar,'' ''Dalilin da Yasa Na Yi Imani'' da ''Gamuwa da Kai'' . ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1974]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1896]] 9nb0mbxqznml371ji2hzujvjopwttd1 0 135919 974874 815691 2026-11-01T16:09:10Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christos Spirtzis''' ([[Girka (ƙasa)|Girkanci]]: ; an haife shi a shekara ta 1969) [[Injiniyoyi|injiniya]] ne na Girka kuma Dan siyasa mai zaman kansa na tsakiya.<ref name="Elia">{{Cite web |last=Nikolopoulou |first=Manina |date=27 November 2013 |script-title=el:Χρήστος Σπίρτζης Φύτεψε... «Ελιά» |url=http://www.ethnos.gr/article.asp?pubid=63925080 |access-date=3 February 2015 |website=[[Ethnos (newspaper)|Ethnos]]}}</ref> Daga shekarar 2015 zuwa 2019, ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Infrastructure da Sufuri a gwamnatin Alexis Tsipras . <ref name="Protothema">{{Cite web |date=29 January 2015 |title=The Who's Who of the new Greek Gov't |url=http://en.protothema.gr/the-who-is-who-of-the-greek-govt |access-date=3 February 2015 |website=[[Proto Thema]]}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == === Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi === An haife shi a shekara ta 1969 a Athens kuma ya girma a kusa da Ampelokipoi, <ref name="Elia">{{Cite web |last=Nikolopoulou |first=Manina |date=27 November 2013 |script-title=el:Χρήστος Σπίρτζης Φύτεψε... «Ελιά» |url=http://www.ethnos.gr/article.asp?pubid=63925080 |access-date=3 February 2015 |website=[[Ethnos (newspaper)|Ethnos]]}}</ref> Spirtzis ya yi karatun Injiniyan lantarki a Jami'ar Democritus ta Thrace. <ref name="Bio">{{Cite web |last=Spritzis |first=Christos |script-title=el:Βιογραφικό |trans-title=Biography |url=http://christosspirtzis.blogspot.de/p/ksfgjsfogksfpg.html |access-date=3 February 2015}}</ref> === Ayyukan sana'a === A shekara ta 1999 an nada shi memba na Kwamitin Tattalin Arziki da Jama'a na Girka, mukamin da zai rike har zuwa shekara ta 2008. <ref name="Bio">{{Cite web |last=Spritzis |first=Christos |script-title=el:Βιογραφικό |trans-title=Biography |url=http://christosspirtzis.blogspot.de/p/ksfgjsfogksfpg.html |access-date=3 February 2015}}</ref> Shekara guda bayan haka, a cikin 2000, an zabi Spirtzis a cikin kwamitin zartarwa na Fasaha na Girka (TEE). <ref name="Elia">{{Cite web |last=Nikolopoulou |first=Manina |date=27 November 2013 |script-title=el:Χρήστος Σπίρτζης Φύτεψε... «Ελιά» |url=http://www.ethnos.gr/article.asp?pubid=63925080 |access-date=3 February 2015 |website=[[Ethnos (newspaper)|Ethnos]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 2007, ya zama mataimakin shugaban kasa wanda ke da alhakin makamashi, ci gaba, aiki, inshora, lasisi, wallafe-wallafen, ɗabi'a a wakilci, da kuma bankin bayanai.<ref name="WEC">{{Cite web |title=Hellenic National Committee of WEC |url=http://www.worldenergy.org/wec-network/member-committees/greece/ |access-date=3 February 2015 |publisher=[[World Energy Council]]}}</ref> A watan Satumbar 2010, an kara shi zuwa mukamin shugaban majalisar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zikakou |first=Ioanna |date=1 February 2015 |title=Who Is Who in the New Greek Government |url=http://greece.greekreporter.com/2015/02/01/who-is-who-in-the-new-greek-government/ |access-date=3 February 2015 |website=[[Greek Reporter]]}}</ref> Shugaban Jam'iyyar Democratic Coalition of Technicians (Δημοκρατικής Συμπαράτα Μηξηςικών), an sake zabarsa a matsayin shugaban TEE a shekarar 2013.<ref name="Elia" /> Ya kuma shugabanci Kwamitin Kasa na Hellenic a Majalisar Makamashi ta Duniya . === Ayyukan siyasa === Spirtzis, wanda aka bayyana shi a matsayin "yaro" na PASOK na zamantakewar dimokuradiyya, duk da haka bai yi jinkirin yin rikici da jam'iyyarsa ba, musamman a tsayayya da Memorandum.[1] Bayan zaben majalisar dokoki na Janairu 2015, an nada Spirtzis a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Infrastructure, Transport and Networks ta gwamnatin da ke karkashin jagorancin Siriya ta Alexis Tsipras. An rantsar da shi a ranar 28 ga watan Janairun 2015, kwana daya bayan yawancin ministoci, yayin da Majalisar Jiha ta amince da hadewar ma'aikatu da farko.[2] Da yake sanar da cewa gwamnati za ta dakatar da mallakar filayen jirgin sama na yanki goma sha huɗu, ya ce: "Tsarin gwamnati shine dakatar da mallakarta kayan aikin da ke aiki kuma zai iya taimakawa ci gaban kasar. " A cikin wata kasida da Politico ta buga, An ambaci Spirtzis a matsayin daya daga cikin tsoffin ministoci biyu da masu gabatar da kara na EPPO ke zargin karya aiki dangane da Hadarin jirgin kasa na Tempi a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu 2023 inda aka kashe mutane 57.[3][4] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1ebnboiigkb6v9ko9npgwe1587czz29 974876 974874 2026-11-01T16:09:27Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christos Spirtzis''' ([[Girka (ƙasa)|Girkanci]]: ; an haife shi a shekara ta 1969) [[Injiniyoyi|injiniya]] ne na Girka kuma Dan siyasa mai zaman kansa na tsakiya.<ref name="Elia">{{Cite web |last=Nikolopoulou |first=Manina |date=27 November 2013 |script-title=el:Χρήστος Σπίρτζης Φύτεψε... «Ελιά» |url=http://www.ethnos.gr/article.asp?pubid=63925080 |access-date=3 February 2015 |website=[[Ethnos (newspaper)|Ethnos]]}}</ref> Daga shekarar 2015 zuwa 2019, ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Infrastructure da Sufuri a gwamnatin Alexis Tsipras . <ref name="Protothema">{{Cite web |date=29 January 2015 |title=The Who's Who of the new Greek Gov't |url=http://en.protothema.gr/the-who-is-who-of-the-greek-govt |access-date=3 February 2015 |website=[[Proto Thema]]}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == === Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi === An kuma haife shi a shekara ta 1969 a Athens kuma ya girma a kusa da Ampelokipoi, <ref name="Elia">{{Cite web |last=Nikolopoulou |first=Manina |date=27 November 2013 |script-title=el:Χρήστος Σπίρτζης Φύτεψε... «Ελιά» |url=http://www.ethnos.gr/article.asp?pubid=63925080 |access-date=3 February 2015 |website=[[Ethnos (newspaper)|Ethnos]]}}</ref> Spirtzis ya yi karatun Injiniyan lantarki a Jami'ar Democritus ta Thrace. <ref name="Bio">{{Cite web |last=Spritzis |first=Christos |script-title=el:Βιογραφικό |trans-title=Biography |url=http://christosspirtzis.blogspot.de/p/ksfgjsfogksfpg.html |access-date=3 February 2015}}</ref> === Ayyukan sana'a === A shekara ta 1999 an nada shi memba na Kwamitin Tattalin Arziki da Jama'a na Girka, mukamin da zai rike har zuwa shekara ta 2008. <ref name="Bio">{{Cite web |last=Spritzis |first=Christos |script-title=el:Βιογραφικό |trans-title=Biography |url=http://christosspirtzis.blogspot.de/p/ksfgjsfogksfpg.html |access-date=3 February 2015}}</ref> Shekara guda bayan haka, a cikin 2000, an zabi Spirtzis a cikin kwamitin zartarwa na Fasaha na Girka (TEE). <ref name="Elia">{{Cite web |last=Nikolopoulou |first=Manina |date=27 November 2013 |script-title=el:Χρήστος Σπίρτζης Φύτεψε... «Ελιά» |url=http://www.ethnos.gr/article.asp?pubid=63925080 |access-date=3 February 2015 |website=[[Ethnos (newspaper)|Ethnos]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 2007, ya zama mataimakin shugaban kasa wanda ke da alhakin makamashi, ci gaba, aiki, inshora, lasisi, wallafe-wallafen, ɗabi'a a wakilci, da kuma bankin bayanai.<ref name="WEC">{{Cite web |title=Hellenic National Committee of WEC |url=http://www.worldenergy.org/wec-network/member-committees/greece/ |access-date=3 February 2015 |publisher=[[World Energy Council]]}}</ref> A watan Satumbar 2010, an kara shi zuwa mukamin shugaban majalisar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zikakou |first=Ioanna |date=1 February 2015 |title=Who Is Who in the New Greek Government |url=http://greece.greekreporter.com/2015/02/01/who-is-who-in-the-new-greek-government/ |access-date=3 February 2015 |website=[[Greek Reporter]]}}</ref> Shugaban Jam'iyyar Democratic Coalition of Technicians (Δημοκρατικής Συμπαράτα Μηξηςικών), an sake zabarsa a matsayin shugaban TEE a shekarar 2013.<ref name="Elia" /> Ya kuma shugabanci Kwamitin Kasa na Hellenic a Majalisar Makamashi ta Duniya . === Ayyukan siyasa === Spirtzis, wanda aka bayyana shi a matsayin "yaro" na PASOK na zamantakewar dimokuradiyya, duk da haka bai yi jinkirin yin rikici da jam'iyyarsa ba, musamman a tsayayya da Memorandum.[1] Bayan zaben majalisar dokoki na Janairu 2015, an nada Spirtzis a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Infrastructure, Transport and Networks ta gwamnatin da ke karkashin jagorancin Siriya ta Alexis Tsipras. An rantsar da shi a ranar 28 ga watan Janairun 2015, kwana daya bayan yawancin ministoci, yayin da Majalisar Jiha ta amince da hadewar ma'aikatu da farko.[2] Da yake sanar da cewa gwamnati za ta dakatar da mallakar filayen jirgin sama na yanki goma sha huɗu, ya ce: "Tsarin gwamnati shine dakatar da mallakarta kayan aikin da ke aiki kuma zai iya taimakawa ci gaban kasar. " A cikin wata kasida da Politico ta buga, An ambaci Spirtzis a matsayin daya daga cikin tsoffin ministoci biyu da masu gabatar da kara na EPPO ke zargin karya aiki dangane da Hadarin jirgin kasa na Tempi a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu 2023 inda aka kashe mutane 57.[3][4] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2as5gmpte81d246aa7az0con1p8l4h7 974877 974876 2026-11-01T16:09:49Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christos Spirtzis''' ([[Girka (ƙasa)|Girkanci]]: ; an haife shi a shekara ta 1969) [[Injiniyoyi|injiniya]] ne na Girka kuma Dan siyasa mai zaman kansa na tsakiya.<ref name="Elia">{{Cite web |last=Nikolopoulou |first=Manina |date=27 November 2013 |script-title=el:Χρήστος Σπίρτζης Φύτεψε... «Ελιά» |url=http://www.ethnos.gr/article.asp?pubid=63925080 |access-date=3 February 2015 |website=[[Ethnos (newspaper)|Ethnos]]}}</ref> Daga shekarar 2015 zuwa 2019, ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Infrastructure da Sufuri a gwamnatin Alexis Tsipras . <ref name="Protothema">{{Cite web |date=29 January 2015 |title=The Who's Who of the new Greek Gov't |url=http://en.protothema.gr/the-who-is-who-of-the-greek-govt |access-date=3 February 2015 |website=[[Proto Thema]]}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == === Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi === An kuma haife shi a shekara ta 1969 a Athens kuma ya girma a kusa da Ampelokipoi, <ref name="Elia">{{Cite web |last=Nikolopoulou |first=Manina |date=27 November 2013 |script-title=el:Χρήστος Σπίρτζης Φύτεψε... «Ελιά» |url=http://www.ethnos.gr/article.asp?pubid=63925080 |access-date=3 February 2015 |website=[[Ethnos (newspaper)|Ethnos]]}}</ref> Spirtzis ya yi karatun Injiniyan lantarki a Jami'ar Democritus ta Thrace. <ref name="Bio">{{Cite web |last=Spritzis |first=Christos |script-title=el:Βιογραφικό |trans-title=Biography |url=http://christosspirtzis.blogspot.de/p/ksfgjsfogksfpg.html |access-date=3 February 2015}}</ref> === Ayyukan sana'a === A shekara ta 1999 an naɗa shi memba na Kwamitin Tattalin Arziki da Jama'a na Girka, mukamin da zai rike har zuwa shekara ta 2008. <ref name="Bio">{{Cite web |last=Spritzis |first=Christos |script-title=el:Βιογραφικό |trans-title=Biography |url=http://christosspirtzis.blogspot.de/p/ksfgjsfogksfpg.html |access-date=3 February 2015}}</ref> Shekara guda bayan haka, a cikin 2000, an zabi Spirtzis a cikin kwamitin zartarwa na Fasaha na Girka (TEE). <ref name="Elia">{{Cite web |last=Nikolopoulou |first=Manina |date=27 November 2013 |script-title=el:Χρήστος Σπίρτζης Φύτεψε... «Ελιά» |url=http://www.ethnos.gr/article.asp?pubid=63925080 |access-date=3 February 2015 |website=[[Ethnos (newspaper)|Ethnos]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 2007, ya zama mataimakin shugaban kasa wanda ke da alhakin makamashi, ci gaba, aiki, inshora, lasisi, wallafe-wallafen, ɗabi'a a wakilci, da kuma bankin bayanai.<ref name="WEC">{{Cite web |title=Hellenic National Committee of WEC |url=http://www.worldenergy.org/wec-network/member-committees/greece/ |access-date=3 February 2015 |publisher=[[World Energy Council]]}}</ref> A watan Satumbar 2010, an kara shi zuwa mukamin shugaban majalisar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zikakou |first=Ioanna |date=1 February 2015 |title=Who Is Who in the New Greek Government |url=http://greece.greekreporter.com/2015/02/01/who-is-who-in-the-new-greek-government/ |access-date=3 February 2015 |website=[[Greek Reporter]]}}</ref> Shugaban Jam'iyyar Democratic Coalition of Technicians (Δημοκρατικής Συμπαράτα Μηξηςικών), an sake zabarsa a matsayin shugaban TEE a shekarar 2013.<ref name="Elia" /> Ya kuma shugabanci Kwamitin Kasa na Hellenic a Majalisar Makamashi ta Duniya . === Ayyukan siyasa === Spirtzis, wanda aka bayyana shi a matsayin "yaro" na PASOK na zamantakewar dimokuradiyya, duk da haka bai yi jinkirin yin rikici da jam'iyyarsa ba, musamman a tsayayya da Memorandum.[1] Bayan zaben majalisar dokoki na Janairun shekarar 2015, an nada Spirtzis a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Infrastructure, Transport and Networks ta gwamnatin da ke karkashin jagorancin Siriya ta Alexis Tsipras. An rantsar da shi a ranar 28 ga watan Janairun 2015, kwana daya bayan yawancin ministoci, yayin da Majalisar Jiha ta amince da hadewar ma'aikatu da farko.[2] Da yake sanar da cewa gwamnati za ta dakatar da mallakar filayen jirgin sama na yanki goma sha huɗu, ya ce: "Tsarin gwamnati shine dakatar da mallakarta kayan aikin da ke aiki kuma zai iya taimakawa ci gaban kasar. " A cikin wata kasida da Politico ta buga, An ambaci Spirtzis a matsayin daya daga cikin tsoffin ministoci biyu da masu gabatar da kara na EPPO ke zargin karya aiki dangane da Hadarin jirgin kasa na Tempi a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu 2023 inda aka kashe mutane 57.[3][4] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] c2bqs1ztq5h8avvzua2sw2269xu3hr1 0 137272 975003 892816 2026-11-01T19:58:08Z Zahrah0 14848 975003 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francisco''' " '''Paco''' " '''Alcácer García''' ( ; an haife shi a ranar 30 ga watan Agusta Shekara ta alif 1993) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Sipaniya wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba . Bayan ya fito daga jerin matasan Valencia, ya fara wasa da ƙungiyar farko a shekarar 2010, kuma ya zama ɗan wasa na yau da kullun bayan ya koma Getafe a matsayin aro, inda jimillar kwallaye 43 a wasanni 118. A shekarar 2016 ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zuwa Barcelona akan Yuro 30. miliyan, inda ya lashe kofuna biyu na Copa del Rey da kuma gasar La Liga ta 2017-18 a lokacin da yake riƙe da kambun Luis Suárez kafin ya tafi Borussia Dortmund a matsayin aro. Ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar dindindin a Jamus a farkon 2019 bayan fara wasa cikin nasara. Ya koma Spain a watan Janairun 2020, inda ya lashe gasar UEFA Europa League ta 2020-21 tare da Villarreal . Alcácer ya lashe gasar cin kofin Turai sau biyu tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta Spain, kuma ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa a shekarar 2014. == Aikin kulob == === Valencia === ==== halarta ta farko a babbar jami'a ==== An haife shi a Torrent, a yankin Valencian Community, Alcácer ya fito ne daga ƙungiyar matasa ta [[Valencia CF|Valencia]] . Ya fara buga wasa a matakin farko a kakar wasa ta 2009-10 yana ɗan shekara 16 kacal, inda ya zira kwallaye uku a wasanni 15 tare da ƙungiyar da ke riƙe da kambun kuma ya fuskanci faduwa daga Segunda División B. A ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 2010, Alcácer ya bayyana a wasansa na farko da ƙungiyar farko, inda ya buga cikakken mintuna 90 a wasan da suka yi nasara a gida da UD Logroñés – 7-1 a jimilla – a gasar Copa del Rey (wasan kuma shi ne na babban ɗan wasan Isco ). <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2010 |title=A octavos (4–1) |trans-title=To the round of 16 (4–1) |url=http://www.valenciacf.com/ver/17802/a-octavos-4-1.html |access-date=3 February 2014 |publisher=Valencia CF |language=es}}</ref> A wannan kakar, ya zura kwallaye 27 don taimakawa ƙungiyar B ta koma mataki na uku a matsayin zakarun gasar. <ref name="Resultados">{{Cite web |title=P. Alcácer |url=https://www.resultados-futbol.com/jugador/2011/P-Alcacer-39979 |access-date=26 November 2018 |publisher=Resultados Fútbol |language=es |archive-date=26 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126221546/https://www.resultados-futbol.com/jugador/2011/P-Alcacer-39979 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="Mission">{{Cite web |last=Pulido |first=Víctor |date=29 May 2011 |title=Objetivo cumplido |trans-title=Mission accomplished |url=http://www.deportevalenciano.com/2011/05/29/objetivo-cumplido |access-date=26 November 2018 |publisher=Deporte Valenciano |language=es}}</ref> ==== kakar 2011–12 ==== A ranar 12 ga Agusta 2011, bayan da Alcácer ya ci kwallo ta uku kuma ta ƙarshe a wasan sada zumunta da Roma da ci 3-0, kuma yana barin filin wasa na Mestalla tare da iyayensa, mahaifinsa ya faɗi ƙasa bayan ya kamu da [[Ciwon zuciya|bugun zuciya]] ; duk da ƙoƙarin da likitoci suka yi na minti 30 don farfaɗo da shi, ɗan wasan mai shekaru 44 ya mutu. Ya koma atisaye ƙasa da mako guda bayan haka don "manufofin magani", kuma ya buga wasa gaba ɗaya tare da 'yan wasan baya kwana uku bayan haka. <ref name="BDF1112">{{Cite web |title=Alcácer: Francisco Alcácer García – Matches 2011–12 |url=https://www.bdfutbol.com/es/p/j300522.html?temp=2011-12 |access-date=26 November 2018 |publisher=BDFutbol}}</ref> Alcácer ya fara buga wasa a gasar [[La Liga]] a Valencia a ranar 14 ga Janairun 2012, inda ya maye gurbin [[Sofiane Feghouli]] a minti 20 na ƙarshe na rashin nasara a hannun Real Sociedad da ci 1-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2010 |title=A octavos (4–1) |trans-title=To the round of 16 (4–1) |url=http://www.valenciacf.com/ver/17802/a-octavos-4-1.html |access-date=3 February 2014 |publisher=Valencia CF |language=es}}</ref> Ya buga wasanni biyu na ɗan gajeren lokaci daga benci, yayin da yake zura kwallaye a ƙimar ƙwallo ɗaya a kowane wasanni biyu tare da ƙungiyar B. <ref name="BDF1112"/> [[Fayil:Getafe_CF_-_Paco_Alcacer.jpg|thumb|Alcácer ya koma Getafe a shekarar 2013]] Alcácer ya tafi aro zuwa [[Getafe CF|Getafe]] a kakar wasa ta 2012–13, wasansa na farko a hukumance shine da Deportivo de La Coruña inda ya buga mintuna 20 a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 a waje. Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a babban rukuni a ranar 7 ga Janairun 2013, amma a wasan da suka sha kashi 3-1 a hannun Rayo Vallecano . <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2010 |title=A octavos (4–1) |trans-title=To the round of 16 (4–1) |url=http://www.valenciacf.com/ver/17802/a-octavos-4-1.html |access-date=3 February 2014 |publisher=Valencia CF |language=es}}</ref> A lokacin da yake [[Madrid]], Alcácer ya zura kwallaye hudu jimilla. ==== kakar 2013–14 ==== Bayan ya koma Valencia, Alcácer ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a babban kulob dinsa a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 2013, a wasan da suka buga a waje da Kuban Krasnodar a matakin rukuni na UEFA Europa League . <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2010 |title=A octavos (4–1) |trans-title=To the round of 16 (4–1) |url=http://www.valenciacf.com/ver/17802/a-octavos-4-1.html |access-date=3 February 2014 |publisher=Valencia CF |language=es}}</ref> Ya fara samun kwallon da ''Los Che'' ta ci a gasar cikin gida a ranar 25 ga Janairu 2014 a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Espanyol, sannan ya sake samun kwallo a wasan da ya biyo baya, inda ya zira kwallo da ta yi nasara a kan [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] da ci 3-2 a [[Camp Nou]] . A ranar 10 ga Afrilu 2014, Alcácer ya zura kwallaye uku a karon farko a rayuwarsa ta sana'a, inda ya taimaka wajen kawar da rashin nasara a zagayen farko da ci 3-0 inda ya doke Basel da ci 5-0 a gida sannan ya cancanci shiga wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar Europa League. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2010 |title=A octavos (4–1) |trans-title=To the round of 16 (4–1) |url=http://www.valenciacf.com/ver/17802/a-octavos-4-1.html |access-date=3 February 2014 |publisher=Valencia CF |language=es}}</ref> Wannan shine kwallo ta 14 da ya ci a gasar, kuma kwallo ta bakwai da ya ci a gasar nahiyar Turai; <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2010 |title=A octavos (4–1) |trans-title=To the round of 16 (4–1) |url=http://www.valenciacf.com/ver/17802/a-octavos-4-1.html |access-date=3 February 2014 |publisher=Valencia CF |language=es}}</ref> wannan bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida na Turai ya sanya shi ya zama dan wasa na biyu mafi yawan kwallaye a gasar bayan Jonathan Soriano, wanda ya zura kwallaye takwas a Red Bull Salzburg . <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2010 |title=A octavos (4–1) |trans-title=To the round of 16 (4–1) |url=http://www.valenciacf.com/ver/17802/a-octavos-4-1.html |access-date=3 February 2014 |publisher=Valencia CF |language=es}}</ref> ==== kakar 2014–15 ==== A ranar 17 ga Agusta 2014, Alcácer ya zura kwallo ta farko a wasan da suka doke Milan da ci 2-1 a gasar Orange Trophy, ta hanyar bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, kuma an ba shi rigar '9' mai lamba 2014–15, wadda Hélder Postiga ya saka a baya. A ranar 9 ga Disamba, kusan ƙarshen wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Granada, an ba shi jan kati kai tsaye saboda ya buga wa Juan Carlos kwallo. A ranar 27 ga Janairun 2015, an bayyana cewa Alcácer ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa har zuwa 2020 kuma an kara kudin siyansa zuwa €80.&nbsp;miliyan. ==== kakar 2015–16 ==== A ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 2015, Alcácer da [[Dani Parejo]] sun ci kwallaye biyu kowannensu a wasan da suka doke [[RC Celta de Vigo|Celta]] mai matsayi na uku da ci 5-1. A ranar 21 ga Janairu, kocin Gary Neville ya kwace masa kambun kyaftin dinsa, bayan rashin samun sakamako mai kyau. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2010 |title=A octavos (4–1) |trans-title=To the round of 16 (4–1) |url=http://www.valenciacf.com/ver/17802/a-octavos-4-1.html |access-date=3 February 2014 |publisher=Valencia CF |language=es}}</ref> Bayan watanni uku ba tare da zura kwallo a raga ba, Alcácer ya karya tarihinsa na rashin nasara da kwallaye uku a wasan da suka doke Eibar da ci 4-0 a ranar 20 ga Afrilu 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2010 |title=A octavos (4–1) |trans-title=To the round of 16 (4–1) |url=http://www.valenciacf.com/ver/17802/a-octavos-4-1.html |access-date=3 February 2014 |publisher=Valencia CF |language=es}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa da kwallaye 15 a dukkan gasa, inda daga karshe ya kare a matsayi na 12. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1993]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] d71slgnu0q54u3uimuc0q7ciyboj5np 0 138463 975115 969762 2026-11-02T05:04:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Darul Uloom Al-Madania''' [[Makarantar Islamiyya|madrasa]] ne mai zaman kansa na Islama a Buffalo, New York kuma mafi girma Deobandi madrasa a Arewacin Amurka, <ref name=":oxbib">{{Cite web |last=Tareen |first=Sher Ali |date=2014 |title=Deoband Madrasa |url=https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0019.xml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028230255/https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0019.xml |archive-date=28 October 2022 |access-date=9 November 2023 |website=[[Oxford Bibliographies Online]] |doi=10.1093/OBO/9780195390155-0019}}</ref> wanda aka sadaukar don samar da malaman Islama ([[Ulama'u|ulama]]) da [[Hafizi|huffaz]] tare da karatun ilimi har zuwa makarantar sakandare. Yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin cibiyoyin a Arewacin Amurka don bayar da tsarin karatun gargajiya na Deobandi dars-e-nizami. Muhammad Ismail Memon ne ya kafa shi (ya mutu 2023) kuma 'ya'yansa maza Mansoor Memon, Ibrahim Memon, da Husain Ahmad Memon ne ke gudanar da shi. Masood Memon Makki, ɗan fari na wanda ya kafa makarantar, yana aiki a matsayin shugaban yanzu. Dukkanin wanda ya kafa da shugaban yanzu sun kasance dalibai na sanannen masanin [[Hadisi]] na karni na 20 Zakariyya Kandhlawi . == Tarihi == Darul Uloom Al-Madania an kafa ta ne ta hanyar Dokta Ismail Memon . Binciken ginin da ya dace wanda zai yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikata ya fara ne a 1986, lokacin da Ismail Memon da Shaikh Ibrahim ke zaune a Waterloo, Kanada. A shekara ta 1989, biyun sun shirya sayen dukiya a Dunkirk, New York, sai kawai a ƙi shi. Shekara guda bayan haka a cikin 1990, sun sake shirya sayen dukiya a kan Dodge Street a Buffalo, New York. An sake ki amincewa da wannan sayarwa. A ranar 17 ga Yuni, 1991, an sami dukiya a kan hanyar North Davis a Gabashin Aurora, New York. Koyaya, an sami izini ne kawai don saukar da mutane 18. A shekara ta 1992, an sanya hannu kan kwangila don dukiya a Hamburg, New York. Koyaya, an soke sayarwa saboda adawa ta cikin gida. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, an sami wani dukiya a titin Sycamore a cikin garin Buffalo, sai kawai masu sayarwa suka soke sayarwa. A shekara ta 1993, Uwar Tsarki na Rosary Cathedral na Cocin Katolika na Poland, ta koma Lancaster kuma an sayi ta kuma ta zama [[Masallaci]] da makarantar kwana. A ranar 3 ga watan Maris, an sayi cocin da ke gefen sabuwar ''Masjid Zakariya'', Sarauniyar Rosary mafi tsarki, kuma an canza shi zuwa makarantar mata. A shekara ta 1996, an sake samun dukiyar asali a kan titin Sycamore kuma a wannan lokacin sayen ya cika. Sabon ginin ya zama Jamia, ko makarantar kwana ta yara maza. Ginin asali da aka saya don makarantar kwana sannan ya zama makarantar karatun Darul Khalil. A shekara ta 2002, an sayi wani makirci na 6 acre (24,000 m2), wanda aka yi amfani da shi a matsayin [[Cibiyar tsare matasa]], kuma an tura Jamiah zuwa can.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://www.madania.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15&Itemid=37 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928061557/http://www.madania.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15&Itemid=37 |archive-date=2010-09-28 |access-date=2010-09-01}}</ref> == Makarantu == Darul Uloom Madania tana da makarantu daban-daban guda uku: Madinatul Uloum, Darul Rasheed, da Darul Khalil Academy, makarantar masu zaman kansu ta K-8, wacce Jihar New York ta amince da ita. Bugu da kari akwai darasi na ilmantarwa na nesa a kan layi da ake kira eAlim, wanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin 2010. === Makarantar Yara (Madinatul Uloom) === Kwalejin Darul-Uloom Al-Madania Boys ta rufe yanki na kimanin kadada shida wanda ya kunshi gine-gine goma sha shida tare da ɗaruruwan ɗakunan kwana. Kowane ɗaki yana da gadaje. Makarantar tana ba da digiri uku na Islama ga maza: * Ilimi na yau da kullun: Ga yara maza masu shekaru tara da haihuwa, akwai ilimin ilimi na cikin gida har zuwa aji na goma sha ɗaya. Wannan darasi yana gudana a lokaci guda tare da ɗayan shirye-shiryen addini masu zuwa: * Shirin Hifz: Shirin kusan shekaru uku don cikakken haddace [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]], tare da tsarin karatun da aka amince da shi na Jihar New York don karatun duniya daga aji na huɗu zuwa na goma. Bayan kammala shirin, ɗalibai suna karɓar takardar shaidar [[Hafizi|Hafiz]] Al-Qur'an. * Alim Course: Shekaru shida, zurfin nazarin [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]], [[Tafsiri|Tafseer]], [[Hadisi]], [[Fiƙihu|Fiqh]], Harshen [[Larabci]], da Tajweed. Karshen wannan darasi yana haifar da takardar shaidar ilimin Islama. Kwalejin yara sun hada da dakin motsa jiki na cikin gida, filin kwallon kafa / kwallon kafa na waje, cikakken kayan abinci da cafeteria, filin da gazebo, kantin sayar da littattafai na makaranta, da kuma gonar inabi. === Makarantar 'yan mata (Darul Rasheed) === Kwalejin Darul-Uloom Al-Madania Girls ta rufe kusan acre ɗaya na ƙasar da aka raba daga makarantar yara maza kuma tana kan wata titi. Babban ginin zama, Darul-Rasheed, yana da gidaje fiye da dalibai 100. Akwai digiri biyu da ake bayarwa ga mata. * Ilimi na yau da kullun: Akwai ilimin ilimi na cikin gida har zuwa aji na goma. Wannan yana gudana a lokaci guda tare da babban hanyar Alimah. * Shirin Alimah: Shekaru shida, zurfin nazarin [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]], [[Tafsiri|Tafseer]], [[Hadisi]], [[Fiƙihu|Fiqh]] da Tajweed wanda ke haifar da takardar shaidar ilimin Islama. Cibiyar ta mata ta haɗa da zauren cikin gida, cikakken kayan abinci da wurin cin abinci, dakin motsa jiki, filin shakatawa na waje, da kuma zauren shiga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://www.madania.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15&Itemid=37 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928061557/http://www.madania.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15&Itemid=37 |archive-date=2010-09-28 |access-date=2010-09-01}}</ref> Darul Rasheed yana cikin tsohuwar Sarauniya ta Mafi Tsarki Rosary Roman Catholic Church, wanda aka gina a 1916 kuma Roman Catholic Diocese na Buffalo ya rufe shi a 1993. === Makarantar Rana (Darul Uloom Academy) === Darul-Uloom Academy ita ce kari na baya-bayan nan ga Darul Uloom Madania, wanda aka kafa a 1999. Makarantar masu zaman kansu ce ta New York Board da aka tabbatar da ita kafin K-5. Kamar yawancin makarantun Islama masu zaman kansu, ana koyar da ɗalibai haɗuwa da malamai, da kayan addini. An haɗa su a cikin tsarin karatun lissafi, Turanci, nazarin zamantakewa, kimiyya da Larabci, [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]], da [[Hadisi]]. Ana kuma ba wa ɗalibai ayyuka iri-iri ciki har da zane-zane da sana'o'i, ilimin jiki, da tafiye-tafiye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://www.madania.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15&Itemid=37 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928061557/http://www.madania.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15&Itemid=37 |archive-date=2010-09-28 |access-date=2010-09-01}}</ref> Shirin yana da kimanin dalibai 250.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://www.madania.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15&Itemid=37 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928061557/http://www.madania.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15&Itemid=37 |archive-date=2010-09-28 |access-date=2010-09-01}}</ref> === Masjid Zakariya === Masjid Zakariya shine babban zauren addu'a na seminary kuma yana buɗewa ga jama'a. Yana tallafawa minarets guda biyu da aka yi ado da crescents biyu. Wadannan crescents suna da kimanin 160 ft sama da ƙasa kuma kusan 6 feet ne a tsawon. Masallacin yana da murabba'in ƙafa 20,000 tare da ɓangaren balcony daban don mata.&nbsp; Da yake bin ka'idodin Islama, masallacin yana da addu'o'i 5 na yau da kullun da addu'ar Jum'ah na mako-mako. Kowace rana akwai halaqas 2-3, inda karatun daga littattafan Islama daban-daban ke faruwa. A lokacin Ramadan, masallacin yana kuma shirya abincin [[Iftar (Budar Baki)|Iftar]] da [[Sahur|Suhoor]] na yau da kullun ga waɗanda ke azumi. Har ila yau, yana buɗe fuka-fukan hagu ga matafiya don itikaf. Babu wani [[Liman|Imam]] da aka nada na masallacin, a maimakon haka, malaman mazauna da malamai daban-daban suna jagorantar addu'o'in.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://www.madania.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15&Itemid=37 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928061557/http://www.madania.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15&Itemid=37 |archive-date=2010-09-28 |access-date=2010-09-01}}</ref> An gina Masjid Zakariya a cikin 1904 a matsayin Uwar Mai Tsarki na Rosary Polish National Catholic Cathedral, kuma alama ce ta gari.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://www.madania.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15&Itemid=37 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928061557/http://www.madania.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15&Itemid=37 |archive-date=2010-09-28 |access-date=2010-09-01}}</ref> ==== Lalacewar ==== A ranar 22 ga Oktoba, 2001, gobarar da aka haifar da fitilar mai famfo ta mamaye ginin, wanda ake ginawa. Duk da kokarin kusan masu kashe gobara 80, rufin ya rushe. Ya ɗauki kusan shekaru uku don tara dala miliyan 1 da ake buƙata don gyara ginin. Masallacin ya kuma ba da gidan budewa a lokaci guda don nuna kansa ga al'umma. Sabuntawa sun haɗa da ƙara ginshiki da raba babban zauren zuwa sassa uku. Da farko an gina ginin da tsaunuka biyu masu tsawo, waɗanda aka cire a cikin 2008 bayan guguwa mai ƙarfi ta lalata su. An maye gurbinsu da dome biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://www.madania.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15&Itemid=37 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928061557/http://www.madania.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15&Itemid=37 |archive-date=2010-09-28 |access-date=2010-09-01}}</ref> == Bikin Jalsa == Kowace shekara, Darul Uloom Al Madania tana gudanar da bikin kammala karatun Jalsa ga duk masu karatun huffaz da ulama (mata). Ana gudanar da bikin ne a watan Yuni kuma yana faruwa ne bayan addu'ar [[Sallah Azzahar|Dhuhr]] kuma yana ci gaba har sai faɗuwar rana. A lokacin bikin, ana gabatar da sabon huffaz tare da fararen turban da aka sanya a kan kawunansu, yayin da aka gabatar da 'yan mata da fararen shawl. == eAlim (Tsarin Koyon Tsakanin) == Darul Uloom Al Madania ya ƙaddamar da Shari'a ilmantarwa mai nisa da ake kira eAlim a tsakiyar shekara ta 2010. Kamar darasi na Alim, shirin ne wanda aka tsara don daidaita ɗalibin da Larabci da Alkur'ani. Batutuwan da aka koyar sun haɗa da harshen Larabci, haɗin kai, da kuma yanayin, [[Fiƙihu|Fiqh]] (Jurisprudence na Islama), [[Hadisi]], Uloom al-Hadith (Sciences of Hadith), Aqidah (Theology na Islama) da Seerah (Biography of the Prophet [[Muhammad|Muhammadu]]). <ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://www.madania.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15&Itemid=37 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928061557/http://www.madania.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15&Itemid=37 |archive-date=2010-09-28 |access-date=2010-09-01}}</ref> == Laifin jima'i da cin hanci da rashawa == === Cin zarafin jiki === Dalibai da suka shiga makarantar a cikin shekarun 1990 sun yi zargin mummunan duka da 'ya'ya maza biyu na Dokta Ismail Memon wadanda su ma malamai ne a makarantar, Ibrahim da Mansoor, tare da kayan kantin kayan aiki daban-daban. Wadannan duka sun kasance kusan yau da kullun kuma sun haɗa da abubuwa kamar igiyoyin tsawo, bututu mai ƙarfi, hangers, da sandunan katako.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK |first=COUNTY OF ERIE |date=2021-09-08 |title=MOHAMMED KHAN, Plaintiff, -against DARUL-ULOOM AL-MADANIA, INC. AND JOHN DOES 1-5 |url=https://iapps.courts.state.ny.us/nyscef/ViewDocument?docIndex=ZBDi0OMy6PiLOnm4AWN3bQ==}}</ref> Wani tsohon dalibi ya yi zargin cewa yana da alaƙa da azabtarwa.<ref name=":3" /> Dalibai sun ba da rahoton cewa an bar su da jini da rauni.<ref name=":0" /> Wani tsohon dalibi ya yi zargin cewa wani mai kula da shi ya buge shi a kirji bayan ya saba laifi. Mansoor Memon ya buge shi da sandar hockey bayan wannan dalibi ya koka.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Jay Tokasz News Staff |date=2021-05-24 |title=Buffalo Islamic school accused in lawsuit of not preventing sexual abuse of student |url=https://buffalonews.com/news/local/crime-courts/buffalo-islamic-school-accused-in-lawsuit-of-not-preventing-sexual-abuse-of-student/article_532d19a4-ba74-11eb-97bd-6bc8912eb4cf.html |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=Buffalo News |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720020117/https://buffalonews.com/news/local/crime-courts/buffalo-islamic-school-accused-in-lawsuit-of-not-preventing-sexual-abuse-of-student/article_532d19a4-ba74-11eb-97bd-6bc8912eb4cf.html |archive-date=2025-07-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK |first=COUNTY OF ERIE |date=2021-05-19 |title=ABDULLAH ISLAMOVIC, Plaintiff, -against DARUL-ULOOM AL-MADANIA, INC. AND JOHN DOES 1-5 |url=https://iapps.courts.state.ny.us/nyscef/ViewDocument?docIndex=koM1MYteYGww3KhYGhZycA==}}</ref> Wata tsohuwar daliba ta yi zargin cewa shugaban ɗakin kwana na mata, Shehnaz Patel, ya yi watsi da ɗalibar lokacin da ta yi rashin lafiya sosai. Bayan ta koka wa likitan mai kula, Patel ta yi wa ɗalibin hari kuma za ta ci gaba da cin zarafin ɗalibin a gaban wasu.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK |first=ERIE COUNTY |date=2021-08-13 |title=JANE DOE Plaintiff, v. DARUL-ULOOM AL-MADANIA, INC., as Owners and Operators of DARULULOOM AL-MADANIA INSTITUTE OF HIGHER ISLAMIC LEARNING; SHENAZ PATEL; JOHN DOES 1-5, JANE DOES 1-5, and/or DOE CORPORATION 1-5, Defendant. |url=https://iapps.courts.state.ny.us/nyscef/ViewDocument?docIndex=73UEXc1XYdMVLsFXG8pWRA==}}</ref> Wani tsohon dalibi ya yi zargin cewa bai bayar da rahoton cin zarafin Dr. Ismail Memon ba saboda mummunar cin zarafin da 'ya'yan Dr. Ismail suka yi wa ɗalibai a makarantar.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK |first=COUNTY OF ERIE |date=2021-08-10 |title=JOHN DOE, Plaintiff, -against- DARUL-ULOOM AL-MADANIA, INC., ISMAIL MEMON AND JOHN DOES 1-5, Defendants |url=https://iapps.courts.state.ny.us/nyscef/ViewDocument?docIndex=v3uEY15BCyuB90pRiHMwug==}}</ref> === Cin zarafin jima'i === ==== Ibrahim Memon 2007 jima'i scandal ==== Ibrahim, mai shekaru 40 da haihuwa, mahaifin yara bakwai, ya shawo kan daya daga cikin daliban mata a makarantar Sajida Khan, mai shekaru 21, don auren shi a asirce don jima'i.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Sommer |first=Mark |date=2008-08-27 |title=Islamic principal ousted over sex allegations He may have taken student as second wife |url=https://buffalonews.com/news/islamic-principal-ousted-over-sex-allegations-he-may-have-taken-student-as-second-wife/article_845b61ee-4beb-5d46-989f-f2ea70cb1f93.html |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=Buffalo News |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720020118/https://buffalonews.com/news/islamic-principal-ousted-over-sex-allegations-he-may-have-taken-student-as-second-wife/article_845b61ee-4beb-5d46-989f-f2ea70cb1f93.html |archive-date=2025-07-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Saboda tsananin rarrabewar jinsi da makarantar ta ba da umarni, Ibrahim ya miƙa mata a asirce a lokacin shekarar da ta gabata a makarantar a cikin wani ginshiki da aka kulle. Ya shirya ya sadu da ita a asirce a Buffalo da Virginia, inda Ibrahim ya biya ta ɗaki na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Ibrahim ya musanta cewa sun taba yin aure. An kuma zarge shi da kiyaye irin wannan dangantaka da wani tsohon ɗalibansa, wanda ya yi zargin cewa ya shirya ta. Ibrahim ya auri ta a asirce, kodayake yanzu ta yi imanin cewa auren bai taɓa faruwa ba. Lokacin da ta gaya wa mahaifinta, sai ya cire ta daga makaranta.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/> An tilasta wa Ibrahim barin mukaminsa na akalla shekaru bakwai. An kuma ba shi umarni kada ya koyar da ɗaliban mata a cikin al'umma.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Sheriff |first=Umer M. |date=2021-11-10 |title=The Case For The North American Muslim Community To Divest From Darul Uloom Al Madania And Darul Uloom Canada |url=https://muslimmatters.org/2021/11/10/the-case-for-the-north-american-muslim-community-to-divest-from-darul-uloom-al-madania-and-darul-uloom-canada/ |access-date=2024-11-05 |website=MuslimMatters.org |language=en-US}}</ref> Daga ƙarshe ya kauce wa wannan haramcin kuma ya fara koyar da ɗaliban mata a kan layi. Zai auri wata daga cikin ɗalibansa mata, Asmaa Naviwala, wanda ake zargin ya yi wa alkawarin ƙarya. Naviwala daga ƙarshe ya sake shi. <ref name=":0"/> ==== Dokar Shari'a ta Yara da aka azabtar 2021 ==== An gabatar da jerin karar da aka shigar a kan makarantar, gami da Dokta Ismail Memon, a cikin 2021 a karkashin Dokar Kula da Yara ta New York da ke zargin cin zarafin jima'i mai yawa a makarantar ta bangarori da yawa. Dokta Ismail ya mutu a shekarar 2023. Wani tsohon dalibi, Abdullah Islamovic, wanda ke zaune a Kanada ya shigar da kara a kan Darul-Uloom Madania saboda rashin yin isasshen kare shi daga cin zarafin jima'i a cikin shekarun 1990 da farkon 2000s.<ref name=":2"/><ref name=":4"/> Ya yi zargin cewa tsakanin shekaru 11 zuwa 13, wani malami a makarantar ya yi masa fyade, wanda shi ma shugaban ɗakin kwana na yara maza. Wani tsohon dalibi, Usman Makhdoom, wanda shi ma ke zaune a Kanada, ya shigar da kara kuma ya zargi Dokta Ismail Memon da cin zarafin jima'i da kuma cin zarafinsa a cikin shekarun 1990 lokacin da yake dan shekara 13 zuwa 14. Ya kuma zargi Dokta Ismail da sanin wasu cin zarafin jima'i da ke faruwa a makarantar kuma ba ya yin isasshen don kare dalibai.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK |first=COUNTY OF ERIE |date=2021-08-09 |title=USMAN MAKHDOOM, Plaintiff, -against DARUL-ULOOM AL-MADANIA, INC., ISMAIL MEMON AND JOHN DOES 1-5 |url=https://iapps.courts.state.ny.us/nyscef/ViewDocument?docIndex=_PLUS_tRIj9uCdJFdSP4nVkdEqQ==}}</ref> Wani dalibi, Mohammad Khan, ya zargi Ibrahim Memon, Mansoor Memon, da Dokta Ismail Memon da yin watsi da mummunar cin zarafin jima'i da ya sha a hannun wani dalibi a cikin shekarun 1990, lokacin da yake tsakanin shekaru 10 zuwa 14. Khan ya ba da rahoton fyade ga gwamnati, bayan haka Ibrahim Memon ya yi masa ba'a. Daga karshe aka cire Khan daga makarantar.<ref name=":3"/> Tsoffin dalibai mata biyu sun yi zargin cewa wata malama ce ta yi musu fyade a makarantar, Shehnaz Patel, a cikin shekarun 1990 da 2000. Dukansu biyu ba su kai shekaru ba lokacin da wannan cin zarafin ya faru. Patel ya sami izini na musamman daga masu gudanar da makaranta don barin daya daga cikin daliban ya yi barci a cikin ɗakin kwana na Patel a makarantar. Sun yi zargin cewa makarantar "ta yarda da / ko rufe" cin zarafin Patel na jima'i kuma mai yiwuwa ta yi wa wasu dalibai hari.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK |first=COUNTY OF ERIE |date=2021-07-22 |title=NIDA MAKHDOOM AND JANE DOE, -against- DARUL-ULOOM AL-MADANIA, INC., SHEHNAZ PATEL AND DOES 1-5 |url=https://iapps.courts.state.ny.us/nyscef/ViewDocument?docIndex=hRVd3Nb0FdwGlQT8moniMQ==}}</ref> Wani tsohon dalibi da ba a san shi ba ya yi zargin cewa Dokta Ismail Memon ya yi masa fyade tun yana da shekaru 12 zuwa 15. Ya ji tsoron yin korafi game da hare-haren da Dr. Ismail ya yi akai-akai saboda mummunan tashin hankali na jiki wanda dan Dr. Ismail, mai yiwuwa Ibrahim ko Mansoor ya haifar.<ref name=":6"/> Wani tsohon dalibi da ba a san shi ba ya yi zargin cewa Imran Khan, malami kuma shugaban ɗakin kwana na yaron ya yi wa ɗalibin fyade kuma ya yi masa bulala lokacin da yake da shekaru 11 zuwa 12 a cikin shekarun 1990. Dalibin ya yi zargin cewa gwamnatin makarantar ta san game da cin zarafin jima'i.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=STATE OF NEW YORK SUPREME COURT |first=COUNTY OF ERIE |date=2021-12-08 |title=LG 103 DOE, Plaintiff, vs. DARUL-ULOOM AL-MADANIA, INC. 182 Sobieski Street Buffalo, New York 14212 Defendant. |url=https://iapps.courts.state.ny.us/nyscef/ViewDocument?docIndex=cdJm96xsLSb0k4JA62Irlg==}}</ref> Wata tsohuwar daliba ta yi zargin cewa malami a makarantar, Hafiz Sahib, ta yi mata fyade tun tana 'yar shekara 14. Sahib ya yi mata barazanar kada ta gaya wa kowa. Tsohon ɗalibin ya yi zargin cewa ya ci gaba da cin zarafin ta ta hanyar kiran waya da saƙonni har ma bayan aurenta, ya yi ƙoƙari ya shiga gidan ɗaliban ba tare da izini ba, kuma zai bi ta ko da lokacin da take kasashen waje.<ref name=":5"/> === Cin hanci da rashawa === Wani tsohon dalibi ya yi zargin cewa abubuwan da iyaye suka ba da gudummawa ga makarantar an tura su zuwa shagon makaranta, inda aka sayar da su ga ɗalibai.<ref name=":0" /> Wani babban malami, wanda ba shi da takardun shige da fice, ana zargin ya yi aiki fiye da yarjejeniyar koyarwarsa. Ibrahim Memon ya yi zargin ya yi ƙoƙari ya yi wa wani dalibi da ake zargi da yin jima'i don ya lalata halin malamin.<ref name=":0"/> == Dubi kuma == * Darul Uloom * Darul Uloom Bury * Darul Uloom London * Darul Uloom Deoband * Cibiyar Musulunci ta Al-Rashid == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ctgqdqzgkbh1kjnm1kqyve23dwib5so 0 138601 975053 783740 2026-11-01T21:55:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cibiyar Horar da Jirgin Sama''' ( Czech , '''CLV''' ) wani kamfani ne [[Kazech|na Czech]] wanda ke samar da shirye-shiryen horar da sojoji ga jiragen sama masu fikafikai da masu fikafikai masu juyawa da ke filin jirgin saman Pardubice . <ref name="lowpass">{{Cite web |title=LOM Praha Flight Training Centre at Pardubice Air Base |url=https://lowpassaviation.com/lom-paha-flight-training-centre-clv-pardubice/ |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=Lowpass Aviation.com}}</ref> CLV wani bangare ne na kamfanin [[LOM Praha]] mallakar gwamnati wanda hannun jarinsa 100% mallakar Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Jamhuriyar Czech ne . <ref name="scramble">{{Cite magazine|url-status=93–95}}</ref> Tun daga watan Afrilun 2004, Cibiyar Horar da Jiragen Sama ta Pardubice ta kasance tana ba da cikakken horo ga matukan jirgin saman rundunar sojin saman Czech, amma kuma tana ba da ayyukanta ga abokan cinikin ƙasashen waje. <ref name="czdefence">{{Cite web |last=Šiška |first=Martin |title=Flight Training Center in Pardubice has Reached a Significant Milestone |url=https://www.czdefence.com/article/flight-training-center-in-pardubice-has-reached-a-significant-milestone |access-date=25 October 2024 |website=czdefence.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241104045402/https://www.czdefence.com/article/flight-training-center-in-pardubice-has-reached-a-significant-milestone |archive-date=4 November 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Jiragen saman soja masu ritaya, <ref name="lowpass"/> kamar tsohon matukin jirgin JAS 39 Gripen da kuma matukin jirgin Red Bull Air Race, Martin Šonka, suna tunani da kuma kula da darussa. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:AAF_graduates_22_fixed-wing_pilots_including_two_females_(4518570).jpg|left|thumb|Matukan jiragen sama 22 na rundunar sojin saman Afghanistan , ciki har da mata biyu, sun kammala karatunsu daga Cibiyar Horar da Jiragen Sama a ranar 27 ga Yuni, 2018.]] A shekara ta 2000, an sake wa sansanin sojojin sama na 34 da ke filin jirgin saman Pardubice suna zuwa sansanin sojojin sama na musamman na 34. A ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 2004, an mayar da sansanin sojojin zuwa Cibiyar Horar da Jiragen Sama ta fararen hula. <ref name="lowpass"/> A ranar 2 ga Disamba, 2021, an zaɓi Cibiyar Horar da Jiragen Sama (CLV) da Makarantar Horar da Jiragen Sama ta Duniya (IFTS) a matsayin farkon cibiyoyin Horar da Jiragen Sama [[NATO|na NATO]] Turai (NFTE). <ref>{{cite news |title=Šonka se stal instruktorem CLV. Podílet se bude na výcviku armádních pilotů |url=https://www.denik.cz/ostatni_sport/martin-sonka-letec-clv-instruktor-20200715.html |access-date=25 October 2024 |work=deník.cz |publisher=Vltava Labe Media |agency=[[Czech News Agency]]}}</ref> [[Fayil:L-39NG_0478_CLV.jpg|thumb|Jirgin saman Aero L-39NG Skyfox wanda CLV Pardubice ke sarrafawa]] A watan Mayun 2024, LOM Praha da Lockheed Martin sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa, wanda ya haɗa da shirye-shiryen kafa cibiyar horar da jiragen F-35 Lightning II ta Turai a cikin cibiyar CLV da ke Pardubice. Horon zai mayar da hankali kan matukan jirgin saman F-35 na rundunar sojin saman Czech amma zai ɗauki nauyin jiragen saman ƙasashen waje a cikin rabon 75-25. Lockheed Martin ya amince da Zlín Z-142 da Aero L-39 Skyfox a matsayin dandamali masu dacewa don horar da jiragen F-35. [1] == Manazarta == hrkmvjgcu73e8byt9anuz8119bmrbp1 0 139087 974832 787498 2026-11-01T15:56:33Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Walter Conrad Arensberg''' (4 ga Afrilun shekarar 1878 - 29 ga Janairun shekarar 1954) ɗan Amurka ne mai tattara zane-zane, mai suka kuma mawaki. Mahaifinsa wani ɓangare ne na mamallakin wani kamfanin ƙarfe mai kama da crucible . Ya yi karatun digiri a fannin Turanci da falsafa a Jami'ar Harvard. Tare da matarsa '''Louise''' (an haife ta a matsayin '''Mary Louise Stevens''' ; 1879–1953), ya tattara zane-zane kuma ya tallafa wa ayyukan fasaha. <ref> name="AAA">{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Walter and Louise Arensberg papers, 1912-1982, (bulk 1917-1982) |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/walter-and-louise-arensberg-papers-5962 |access-date=17 Jun 2011 |website=Research collections |publisher=Archives of American Art}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Walter Arensberg a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, ɗan fari ga Conrad Christian Arensberg da matarsa ta biyu, Flora Belle Covert. Mahaifin Walter shi ne Shugaba kuma mai mallakar wani kamfani mai nasara a Pittsburgh Crucible Steel Company. Tsakanin 1896 da 1900, Walter ya halarci [[Jami'ar Harvard]] . Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi tafiya zuwa Turai, inda ya shafe akalla shekaru biyu. A shekarar 1903, ya koma Harvard, a matsayin ɗalibi na digiri na biyu. Bai kammala karatunsa ba, sai ya koma birnin New York don yin aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida na kub daga 1904-1906. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> An yi wa babban littafin Arensberg na farko, ''The Cryptography of Dante'' (1921) maraba a matsayin abin kunya na adabi saboda fassararsa mai zurfi ta Freudian ga rubutun.<ref>" A Shocking Attack on Dante's Immortal 'Inferno'," The New York Evening Journal, January 21, 1922.</ref> An buga cikakken shafi a cikin ''Jaridar New York Evening Journal'' mai taken "A Shocking Attack on the unmarried 'Inferno' of Dante." Bayan wannan littafin, sai aka saka masa ''The Cryptography of Shakespeare'' (1922), wanda ya sami acrostics da anagrams a cikin ayyukan Shakespeare da aka buga waɗanda suka bayyana sunan Francis Bacon. A cikin ''kabarin sirri na Francis Bacon da mahaifiyarsa a gidan babi na Lichfield'' (1923) da ''The Shakespearean mystery'' (1928) ya yi amfani da "key cipher" don nemo ƙarin saƙonnin da suka shafi Rosicrucians. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (July 2022)">wanne?</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup>{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}} Binciken William Friedman da Elizebeth Friedman ya nuna cewa babu ɗayan hanyoyin da ke da ingancin rubutun sirri .<ref>William and Elizebeth Friedman, ''The Shakespearean ciphers examined'', [[Cambridge University Press]], 1957. Chapter X.</ref> An kuma buga littattafai da dama na baitocinsa da suka yi tasiri ga Symbolist, ciki har da ''Waƙoƙin'' 1914 da kuma ''Idols'' na 1916. Edmund Clarence Stedman ya rubuta waƙarsa ta ''Voyage a l'Infini'' . Waƙoƙinsa mafi ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa sun bayyana a cikin mujallun Dada tsakanin 1917 da 1919: ''Rogue'', ''The Blind Man'', ''391'', ''TNT'' . == Mai tattara zane-zane == Tsakanin 1913 da 1950, ma'auratan sun tattara ayyukan masu fasaha na zamani kamar Jean Metzinger, Marcel Duchamp, <ref name="AAA">{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Walter and Louise Arensberg papers, 1912-1982, (bulk 1917-1982) |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/walter-and-louise-arensberg-papers-5962 |access-date=17 Jun 2011 |website=Research collections |publisher=Archives of American Art}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/walter-and-louise-arensberg-papers-5962 "Walter and Louise Arensberg papers, 1912-1982, (bulk 1917-1982)"]. ''Research collections''. Archives of American Art. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 Jun</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Charles Sheeler, Walter Pach, da Beatrice Wood, <ref name="AAA" /> da kuma zane-zane [[Pre-Columbian era|na Pre-Columbian]] ; dillalin Earl L. Stendahl ne ya taimaka musu. Arensbergs sun yi kusanci da Duchamp musamman, wanda ke zaune a gidansu a lokacin bazara na 1915 yayin da suke hutu a gidansu na bazara a Pomfret, Connecticut . Za su zama masu kula da mai zane na tsawon rai kuma su zama mafi girman tarin ayyukansa. Lokacin da aka ƙi ra'ayin Duchamp na aika aikinsa na 1917 ''Fountain'', wani bandaki na yau da kullun da aka sanya wa hannu tare da sunan barkwanci "R. Mutt," zuwa nunin farko na Society of Independent Artists, shi da Arensberg sun ji dole su yi murabus daga ƙungiyar. An wakilci da'irar abokai da masu fasaha da ke ziyartar Salon Arensberg da ke Manhattan a wani aikin sake ginawa na gani ''na Chez Arensbergs'' ta hannun mai zane-zanen Faransa André Raffray (1925-2010), wanda dillalin fasaha na New York kuma ƙwararre kan dada Francis M. Naumann ya kafa bisa ga kwamiti, wanda shi ma ya shiga cikin aikin ƙirƙira. <ref>" A Shocking Attack on Dante's Immortal 'Inferno'," The New York Evening Journal, January 21, 1922.</ref> == Shekarun California == A shekarar 1921, saboda dalilai na lafiya da kuɗi da kuma bayan da Louise ta dage, ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Hollywood, California . Duk da cewa da farko an yi niyyar ƙaura ta wucin gadi ne, Arensbergs sun zauna a California har tsawon rayuwarsu, suka koma New York na tsawon shekara ɗaya kacal tsakanin 1925 da 1926. Sun fara zama a Residence A, gidan baƙi wanda Frank Lloyd Wright ya tsara a Olive Hill, mallakar Aline Barnsdall . Na ɗan lokaci. A watan Satumba na 1927, Arensbergs sun sayi gidansu na dindindin a kan 7065 Hillside Avenue, misali na gine-ginen Revival na Bahar Rum da aka gina a 1920 don Lee B. Memefee kuma mai zane William Lee Woollett ya tsara; daga baya suka ba mai zane Richard Neutra izinin gina ƙari ga gidan Constantin Brâncuși na ''L'Oiseau dans l'espace'' (1924). A shekarar 1946, Max Ernst da Dorothea Tanning sun yi aure a gidansu a wani aure mai kama da juna biyu da Juliet Browner da Man Ray . Walter ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na Los Angeles Art Association (1937), Los Angeles County Museum of Art (1938–1939), da Southwest Museum (1944–1954). Bugu da ƙari, ya kasance memba na kwamitin kafa American Arts in Action (1943) da Modern Institute of Art, Beverly Hills (1947–1949), ƙungiyoyi da suka sadaukar da kansu don nuna fasahar zamani a California. == Gidauniyar Francis Bacon == Saboda sha'awar marubuci [[Francis Bacon]], musamman fannoni na alchemy, cryptography, Rosicrucianism, da kuma, ba makawa, muhawarar Shakespeare-Bacon, Arensbergs sun yi bincike kan aikinsa. A shekarar 1937 sun kafa [[Francis Bacon Foundation|Gidauniyar Francis Bacon]] a [[Los Angeles]] da nufin haɓaka "bincike a tarihi, falsafa, kimiyya, adabi, da fasaha, tare da yin nuni na musamman ga rayuwa da ayyukan Francis Bacon" kuma a shekarar 1954 sun ba ta kuɗi da tarin Baconiana. An ajiye ɗakin karatu na Gidauniyar a cikin ƙaramin ginin tubalin ta a Kwalejin Claremont tun daga shekarar 1960. A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, tarin ya karu daga ainihin kundin 3,500 zuwa sama da kundin 16,000. Tare da rashin lafiyar mai kula da ɗakin karatu da mai kula da tarin na dogon lokaci, Elizabeth Wrigley, Gidauniyar ta yanke shawarar mayar da shi zuwa Laburaren Huntington da ke San Marino. Yanzu ana kiran tarin da Gidauniyar Francis Bacon Arensberg Collection. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Gado == A shekarun 1940, Arensbergs sun fara neman wurin zama na dindindin don tarin kayansu. A shekarar 1941, wata ƙungiya da ke kewaye da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo [[Vincent Price]], Edward G. Robinson, Fanny Brice, da Sam Jaffe ta yi ƙoƙarin sa tarin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a Yammacin Tekun, don Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zamani a Beverly Hills. A shekarar 1944, Arensbergs sun sanya hannu kan takardar kyauta da Jami'ar California, Los Angeles, wacce ta haɗa da ƙa'idar cewa Jami'ar ta gina gidan tarihi mai dacewa don ɗaukar tarin a cikin takamaiman lokacin; abokinsu kuma abokin tara kayansu Galka Scheyer daga baya ya sanya hannu kan irin wannan yarjejeniya. A lokacin kaka na 1947, a bayyane yake cewa ba za a cika wannan sharaɗi ba kuma an soke kwangilar. A shekarar 1939, hukumar Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha ta Gundumar Los Angeles ta ƙi bayar da kyautar ayyukan avant-garde daga tarin. Daga nan sai Arensbergs suka fara tattaunawa da wasu cibiyoyi da dama, ciki har da Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago, Gidan Tarihi na Denver, [[Jami'ar Harvard]], Kwalejin Fasaha ta Honolulu, Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes (Mexico, DF), Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa, Gidan Tarihi na Philadelphia, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na San Francisco, [[Jami'ar Stanford]], Jami'ar California, Berkeley, da Jami'ar Minnesota . Daga ƙarshe Arensbergs sun janye buƙatarsu cewa wanda ya karɓi tarin ya kuma samar da ci gaba da Gidauniyar Francis Bacon. Bayan tattaunawa mai tsawo da ziyara da Darakta Fiske Kimball da matarsa Marie suka kai, Arensbergs sun gabatar da tarin abubuwa sama da 1000, ciki har da wasiƙu, waƙoƙi, rubuce-rubuce, rubuce-rubuce, bayanan tattara fasaha na mutum da na fasaha, da hotuna da ke nuna ayyukan tattara fasaha na ma'auratan da kuma abotarsu da manyan masu fasaha, marubuta da malamai, ga Gidan Tarihi na Philadelphia a ranar 27 ga Disamba, 1950. A shekarar 1949, Daniel Catton Rich da Katherine Kuh sun shirya baje kolin farko na tarin Arensberg, wanda aka gudanar a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago a shekarar 1949. Don baje kolin ''Making Mischief: Dada Invades New York'' a shekarar 1996, Gidan Tarihi na Whitney na Fasaha ta Amurka ya sake ƙirƙirar cikin gidan Manhattan na Arensbergs. 'Hollywood Arensberg', na Mark Nelson, William H. Sherman, da Ellen Hoobler, sun bayar da sake gina gida bayan gida, bango bayan bango, da kuma sake gina tarin gidaje da fasaha na ma'auratan a Los Angeles. Cibiyar Bincike ta Getty ta buga a shekarar 2020, littafin ya ba da cikakken bayani game da tarin fasahar zamani da ta kafin Columbia da kuma littattafai da rubuce-rubuce na Renaissance da Arensbergs suka yi. Ya dawo da duniyar ilimi ta mai tarawa da dara kuma ya sadaukar da kai ga binciken Baconia, kuma ya haskaka dangantaka tsakanin ma'auratan da Marcel Duchamp, Beatrice Wood, Earl Stendahl, Robert Woods Bliss, Marius de Zayas, Walter Pach, William Friedman, da sauransu. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 72euz3jsdrhetgues25qmp0newbzos2 974833 974832 2026-11-01T15:56:43Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Walter Conrad Arensberg''' (4 ga Afrilun shekarar 1878 - 29 ga Janairun shekarar 1954) ɗan Amurka ne mai tattara zane-zane, mai suka kuma mawaki. Mahaifinsa wani ɓangare ne na mamallakin wani kamfanin ƙarfe mai kama da crucible . Ya kuma yi karatun digiri a fannin Turanci da falsafa a Jami'ar Harvard. Tare da matarsa '''Louise''' (an haife ta a matsayin '''Mary Louise Stevens''' ; 1879–1953), ya tattara zane-zane kuma ya tallafa wa ayyukan fasaha. <ref> name="AAA">{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Walter and Louise Arensberg papers, 1912-1982, (bulk 1917-1982) |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/walter-and-louise-arensberg-papers-5962 |access-date=17 Jun 2011 |website=Research collections |publisher=Archives of American Art}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Walter Arensberg a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, ɗan fari ga Conrad Christian Arensberg da matarsa ta biyu, Flora Belle Covert. Mahaifin Walter shi ne Shugaba kuma mai mallakar wani kamfani mai nasara a Pittsburgh Crucible Steel Company. Tsakanin 1896 da 1900, Walter ya halarci [[Jami'ar Harvard]] . Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi tafiya zuwa Turai, inda ya shafe akalla shekaru biyu. A shekarar 1903, ya koma Harvard, a matsayin ɗalibi na digiri na biyu. Bai kammala karatunsa ba, sai ya koma birnin New York don yin aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida na kub daga 1904-1906. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> An yi wa babban littafin Arensberg na farko, ''The Cryptography of Dante'' (1921) maraba a matsayin abin kunya na adabi saboda fassararsa mai zurfi ta Freudian ga rubutun.<ref>" A Shocking Attack on Dante's Immortal 'Inferno'," The New York Evening Journal, January 21, 1922.</ref> An buga cikakken shafi a cikin ''Jaridar New York Evening Journal'' mai taken "A Shocking Attack on the unmarried 'Inferno' of Dante." Bayan wannan littafin, sai aka saka masa ''The Cryptography of Shakespeare'' (1922), wanda ya sami acrostics da anagrams a cikin ayyukan Shakespeare da aka buga waɗanda suka bayyana sunan Francis Bacon. A cikin ''kabarin sirri na Francis Bacon da mahaifiyarsa a gidan babi na Lichfield'' (1923) da ''The Shakespearean mystery'' (1928) ya yi amfani da "key cipher" don nemo ƙarin saƙonnin da suka shafi Rosicrucians. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (July 2022)">wanne?</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup>{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}} Binciken William Friedman da Elizebeth Friedman ya nuna cewa babu ɗayan hanyoyin da ke da ingancin rubutun sirri .<ref>William and Elizebeth Friedman, ''The Shakespearean ciphers examined'', [[Cambridge University Press]], 1957. Chapter X.</ref> An kuma buga littattafai da dama na baitocinsa da suka yi tasiri ga Symbolist, ciki har da ''Waƙoƙin'' 1914 da kuma ''Idols'' na 1916. Edmund Clarence Stedman ya rubuta waƙarsa ta ''Voyage a l'Infini'' . Waƙoƙinsa mafi ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa sun bayyana a cikin mujallun Dada tsakanin 1917 da 1919: ''Rogue'', ''The Blind Man'', ''391'', ''TNT'' . == Mai tattara zane-zane == Tsakanin 1913 da 1950, ma'auratan sun tattara ayyukan masu fasaha na zamani kamar Jean Metzinger, Marcel Duchamp, <ref name="AAA">{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Walter and Louise Arensberg papers, 1912-1982, (bulk 1917-1982) |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/walter-and-louise-arensberg-papers-5962 |access-date=17 Jun 2011 |website=Research collections |publisher=Archives of American Art}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/walter-and-louise-arensberg-papers-5962 "Walter and Louise Arensberg papers, 1912-1982, (bulk 1917-1982)"]. ''Research collections''. Archives of American Art. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 Jun</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Charles Sheeler, Walter Pach, da Beatrice Wood, <ref name="AAA" /> da kuma zane-zane [[Pre-Columbian era|na Pre-Columbian]] ; dillalin Earl L. Stendahl ne ya taimaka musu. Arensbergs sun yi kusanci da Duchamp musamman, wanda ke zaune a gidansu a lokacin bazara na 1915 yayin da suke hutu a gidansu na bazara a Pomfret, Connecticut . Za su zama masu kula da mai zane na tsawon rai kuma su zama mafi girman tarin ayyukansa. Lokacin da aka ƙi ra'ayin Duchamp na aika aikinsa na 1917 ''Fountain'', wani bandaki na yau da kullun da aka sanya wa hannu tare da sunan barkwanci "R. Mutt," zuwa nunin farko na Society of Independent Artists, shi da Arensberg sun ji dole su yi murabus daga ƙungiyar. An wakilci da'irar abokai da masu fasaha da ke ziyartar Salon Arensberg da ke Manhattan a wani aikin sake ginawa na gani ''na Chez Arensbergs'' ta hannun mai zane-zanen Faransa André Raffray (1925-2010), wanda dillalin fasaha na New York kuma ƙwararre kan dada Francis M. Naumann ya kafa bisa ga kwamiti, wanda shi ma ya shiga cikin aikin ƙirƙira. <ref>" A Shocking Attack on Dante's Immortal 'Inferno'," The New York Evening Journal, January 21, 1922.</ref> == Shekarun California == A shekarar 1921, saboda dalilai na lafiya da kuɗi da kuma bayan da Louise ta dage, ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Hollywood, California . Duk da cewa da farko an yi niyyar ƙaura ta wucin gadi ne, Arensbergs sun zauna a California har tsawon rayuwarsu, suka koma New York na tsawon shekara ɗaya kacal tsakanin 1925 da 1926. Sun fara zama a Residence A, gidan baƙi wanda Frank Lloyd Wright ya tsara a Olive Hill, mallakar Aline Barnsdall . Na ɗan lokaci. A watan Satumba na 1927, Arensbergs sun sayi gidansu na dindindin a kan 7065 Hillside Avenue, misali na gine-ginen Revival na Bahar Rum da aka gina a 1920 don Lee B. Memefee kuma mai zane William Lee Woollett ya tsara; daga baya suka ba mai zane Richard Neutra izinin gina ƙari ga gidan Constantin Brâncuși na ''L'Oiseau dans l'espace'' (1924). A shekarar 1946, Max Ernst da Dorothea Tanning sun yi aure a gidansu a wani aure mai kama da juna biyu da Juliet Browner da Man Ray . Walter ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na Los Angeles Art Association (1937), Los Angeles County Museum of Art (1938–1939), da Southwest Museum (1944–1954). Bugu da ƙari, ya kasance memba na kwamitin kafa American Arts in Action (1943) da Modern Institute of Art, Beverly Hills (1947–1949), ƙungiyoyi da suka sadaukar da kansu don nuna fasahar zamani a California. == Gidauniyar Francis Bacon == Saboda sha'awar marubuci [[Francis Bacon]], musamman fannoni na alchemy, cryptography, Rosicrucianism, da kuma, ba makawa, muhawarar Shakespeare-Bacon, Arensbergs sun yi bincike kan aikinsa. A shekarar 1937 sun kafa [[Francis Bacon Foundation|Gidauniyar Francis Bacon]] a [[Los Angeles]] da nufin haɓaka "bincike a tarihi, falsafa, kimiyya, adabi, da fasaha, tare da yin nuni na musamman ga rayuwa da ayyukan Francis Bacon" kuma a shekarar 1954 sun ba ta kuɗi da tarin Baconiana. An ajiye ɗakin karatu na Gidauniyar a cikin ƙaramin ginin tubalin ta a Kwalejin Claremont tun daga shekarar 1960. A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, tarin ya karu daga ainihin kundin 3,500 zuwa sama da kundin 16,000. Tare da rashin lafiyar mai kula da ɗakin karatu da mai kula da tarin na dogon lokaci, Elizabeth Wrigley, Gidauniyar ta yanke shawarar mayar da shi zuwa Laburaren Huntington da ke San Marino. Yanzu ana kiran tarin da Gidauniyar Francis Bacon Arensberg Collection. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Gado == A shekarun 1940, Arensbergs sun fara neman wurin zama na dindindin don tarin kayansu. A shekarar 1941, wata ƙungiya da ke kewaye da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo [[Vincent Price]], Edward G. Robinson, Fanny Brice, da Sam Jaffe ta yi ƙoƙarin sa tarin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a Yammacin Tekun, don Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zamani a Beverly Hills. A shekarar 1944, Arensbergs sun sanya hannu kan takardar kyauta da Jami'ar California, Los Angeles, wacce ta haɗa da ƙa'idar cewa Jami'ar ta gina gidan tarihi mai dacewa don ɗaukar tarin a cikin takamaiman lokacin; abokinsu kuma abokin tara kayansu Galka Scheyer daga baya ya sanya hannu kan irin wannan yarjejeniya. A lokacin kaka na 1947, a bayyane yake cewa ba za a cika wannan sharaɗi ba kuma an soke kwangilar. A shekarar 1939, hukumar Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha ta Gundumar Los Angeles ta ƙi bayar da kyautar ayyukan avant-garde daga tarin. Daga nan sai Arensbergs suka fara tattaunawa da wasu cibiyoyi da dama, ciki har da Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago, Gidan Tarihi na Denver, [[Jami'ar Harvard]], Kwalejin Fasaha ta Honolulu, Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes (Mexico, DF), Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa, Gidan Tarihi na Philadelphia, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na San Francisco, [[Jami'ar Stanford]], Jami'ar California, Berkeley, da Jami'ar Minnesota . Daga ƙarshe Arensbergs sun janye buƙatarsu cewa wanda ya karɓi tarin ya kuma samar da ci gaba da Gidauniyar Francis Bacon. Bayan tattaunawa mai tsawo da ziyara da Darakta Fiske Kimball da matarsa Marie suka kai, Arensbergs sun gabatar da tarin abubuwa sama da 1000, ciki har da wasiƙu, waƙoƙi, rubuce-rubuce, rubuce-rubuce, bayanan tattara fasaha na mutum da na fasaha, da hotuna da ke nuna ayyukan tattara fasaha na ma'auratan da kuma abotarsu da manyan masu fasaha, marubuta da malamai, ga Gidan Tarihi na Philadelphia a ranar 27 ga Disamba, 1950. A shekarar 1949, Daniel Catton Rich da Katherine Kuh sun shirya baje kolin farko na tarin Arensberg, wanda aka gudanar a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago a shekarar 1949. Don baje kolin ''Making Mischief: Dada Invades New York'' a shekarar 1996, Gidan Tarihi na Whitney na Fasaha ta Amurka ya sake ƙirƙirar cikin gidan Manhattan na Arensbergs. 'Hollywood Arensberg', na Mark Nelson, William H. Sherman, da Ellen Hoobler, sun bayar da sake gina gida bayan gida, bango bayan bango, da kuma sake gina tarin gidaje da fasaha na ma'auratan a Los Angeles. Cibiyar Bincike ta Getty ta buga a shekarar 2020, littafin ya ba da cikakken bayani game da tarin fasahar zamani da ta kafin Columbia da kuma littattafai da rubuce-rubuce na Renaissance da Arensbergs suka yi. Ya dawo da duniyar ilimi ta mai tarawa da dara kuma ya sadaukar da kai ga binciken Baconia, kuma ya haskaka dangantaka tsakanin ma'auratan da Marcel Duchamp, Beatrice Wood, Earl Stendahl, Robert Woods Bliss, Marius de Zayas, Walter Pach, William Friedman, da sauransu. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6u2l12f4hy77int6g7lboj785o6hq3i 974835 974833 2026-11-01T15:56:54Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Walter Conrad Arensberg''' (4 ga Afrilun shekarar 1878 - 29 ga Janairun shekarar 1954) ɗan Amurka ne mai tattara zane-zane, mai suka kuma mawaki. Mahaifinsa wani ɓangare ne na mamallakin wani kamfanin ƙarfe mai kama da crucible . Ya kuma yi karatun digiri a fannin Turanci da falsafa a Jami'ar Harvard. Tare da matarsa '''Louise''' (an haife ta a matsayin '''Mary Louise Stevens''' ; 1879–1953), ya tattara zane-zane kuma ya tallafa wa ayyukan fasaha. <ref> name="AAA">{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Walter and Louise Arensberg papers, 1912-1982, (bulk 1917-1982) |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/walter-and-louise-arensberg-papers-5962 |access-date=17 Jun 2011 |website=Research collections |publisher=Archives of American Art}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Walter Arensberg a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, ɗan fari ga Conrad Christian Arensberg da matarsa ta biyu, Flora Belle Covert. Mahaifin Walter shi ne Shugaba kuma mai mallakar wani kamfani mai nasara a Pittsburgh Crucible Steel Company. Tsakanin shekarar 1896 da 1900, Walter ya halarci [[Jami'ar Harvard]] . Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi tafiya zuwa Turai, inda ya shafe akalla shekaru biyu. A shekarar 1903, ya koma Harvard, a matsayin ɗalibi na digiri na biyu. Bai kammala karatunsa ba, sai ya koma birnin New York don yin aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida na kub daga 1904-1906. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> An yi wa babban littafin Arensberg na farko, ''The Cryptography of Dante'' (1921) maraba a matsayin abin kunya na adabi saboda fassararsa mai zurfi ta Freudian ga rubutun.<ref>" A Shocking Attack on Dante's Immortal 'Inferno'," The New York Evening Journal, January 21, 1922.</ref> An buga cikakken shafi a cikin ''Jaridar New York Evening Journal'' mai taken "A Shocking Attack on the unmarried 'Inferno' of Dante." Bayan wannan littafin, sai aka saka masa ''The Cryptography of Shakespeare'' (1922), wanda ya sami acrostics da anagrams a cikin ayyukan Shakespeare da aka buga waɗanda suka bayyana sunan Francis Bacon. A cikin ''kabarin sirri na Francis Bacon da mahaifiyarsa a gidan babi na Lichfield'' (1923) da ''The Shakespearean mystery'' (1928) ya yi amfani da "key cipher" don nemo ƙarin saƙonnin da suka shafi Rosicrucians. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (July 2022)">wanne?</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup>{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}} Binciken William Friedman da Elizebeth Friedman ya nuna cewa babu ɗayan hanyoyin da ke da ingancin rubutun sirri .<ref>William and Elizebeth Friedman, ''The Shakespearean ciphers examined'', [[Cambridge University Press]], 1957. Chapter X.</ref> An kuma buga littattafai da dama na baitocinsa da suka yi tasiri ga Symbolist, ciki har da ''Waƙoƙin'' 1914 da kuma ''Idols'' na 1916. Edmund Clarence Stedman ya rubuta waƙarsa ta ''Voyage a l'Infini'' . Waƙoƙinsa mafi ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa sun bayyana a cikin mujallun Dada tsakanin 1917 da 1919: ''Rogue'', ''The Blind Man'', ''391'', ''TNT'' . == Mai tattara zane-zane == Tsakanin 1913 da 1950, ma'auratan sun tattara ayyukan masu fasaha na zamani kamar Jean Metzinger, Marcel Duchamp, <ref name="AAA">{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Walter and Louise Arensberg papers, 1912-1982, (bulk 1917-1982) |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/walter-and-louise-arensberg-papers-5962 |access-date=17 Jun 2011 |website=Research collections |publisher=Archives of American Art}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/walter-and-louise-arensberg-papers-5962 "Walter and Louise Arensberg papers, 1912-1982, (bulk 1917-1982)"]. ''Research collections''. Archives of American Art. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 Jun</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Charles Sheeler, Walter Pach, da Beatrice Wood, <ref name="AAA" /> da kuma zane-zane [[Pre-Columbian era|na Pre-Columbian]] ; dillalin Earl L. Stendahl ne ya taimaka musu. Arensbergs sun yi kusanci da Duchamp musamman, wanda ke zaune a gidansu a lokacin bazara na 1915 yayin da suke hutu a gidansu na bazara a Pomfret, Connecticut . Za su zama masu kula da mai zane na tsawon rai kuma su zama mafi girman tarin ayyukansa. Lokacin da aka ƙi ra'ayin Duchamp na aika aikinsa na 1917 ''Fountain'', wani bandaki na yau da kullun da aka sanya wa hannu tare da sunan barkwanci "R. Mutt," zuwa nunin farko na Society of Independent Artists, shi da Arensberg sun ji dole su yi murabus daga ƙungiyar. An wakilci da'irar abokai da masu fasaha da ke ziyartar Salon Arensberg da ke Manhattan a wani aikin sake ginawa na gani ''na Chez Arensbergs'' ta hannun mai zane-zanen Faransa André Raffray (1925-2010), wanda dillalin fasaha na New York kuma ƙwararre kan dada Francis M. Naumann ya kafa bisa ga kwamiti, wanda shi ma ya shiga cikin aikin ƙirƙira. <ref>" A Shocking Attack on Dante's Immortal 'Inferno'," The New York Evening Journal, January 21, 1922.</ref> == Shekarun California == A shekarar 1921, saboda dalilai na lafiya da kuɗi da kuma bayan da Louise ta dage, ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Hollywood, California . Duk da cewa da farko an yi niyyar ƙaura ta wucin gadi ne, Arensbergs sun zauna a California har tsawon rayuwarsu, suka koma New York na tsawon shekara ɗaya kacal tsakanin 1925 da 1926. Sun fara zama a Residence A, gidan baƙi wanda Frank Lloyd Wright ya tsara a Olive Hill, mallakar Aline Barnsdall . Na ɗan lokaci. A watan Satumba na 1927, Arensbergs sun sayi gidansu na dindindin a kan 7065 Hillside Avenue, misali na gine-ginen Revival na Bahar Rum da aka gina a 1920 don Lee B. Memefee kuma mai zane William Lee Woollett ya tsara; daga baya suka ba mai zane Richard Neutra izinin gina ƙari ga gidan Constantin Brâncuși na ''L'Oiseau dans l'espace'' (1924). A shekarar 1946, Max Ernst da Dorothea Tanning sun yi aure a gidansu a wani aure mai kama da juna biyu da Juliet Browner da Man Ray . Walter ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na Los Angeles Art Association (1937), Los Angeles County Museum of Art (1938–1939), da Southwest Museum (1944–1954). Bugu da ƙari, ya kasance memba na kwamitin kafa American Arts in Action (1943) da Modern Institute of Art, Beverly Hills (1947–1949), ƙungiyoyi da suka sadaukar da kansu don nuna fasahar zamani a California. == Gidauniyar Francis Bacon == Saboda sha'awar marubuci [[Francis Bacon]], musamman fannoni na alchemy, cryptography, Rosicrucianism, da kuma, ba makawa, muhawarar Shakespeare-Bacon, Arensbergs sun yi bincike kan aikinsa. A shekarar 1937 sun kafa [[Francis Bacon Foundation|Gidauniyar Francis Bacon]] a [[Los Angeles]] da nufin haɓaka "bincike a tarihi, falsafa, kimiyya, adabi, da fasaha, tare da yin nuni na musamman ga rayuwa da ayyukan Francis Bacon" kuma a shekarar 1954 sun ba ta kuɗi da tarin Baconiana. An ajiye ɗakin karatu na Gidauniyar a cikin ƙaramin ginin tubalin ta a Kwalejin Claremont tun daga shekarar 1960. A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, tarin ya karu daga ainihin kundin 3,500 zuwa sama da kundin 16,000. Tare da rashin lafiyar mai kula da ɗakin karatu da mai kula da tarin na dogon lokaci, Elizabeth Wrigley, Gidauniyar ta yanke shawarar mayar da shi zuwa Laburaren Huntington da ke San Marino. Yanzu ana kiran tarin da Gidauniyar Francis Bacon Arensberg Collection. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Gado == A shekarun 1940, Arensbergs sun fara neman wurin zama na dindindin don tarin kayansu. A shekarar 1941, wata ƙungiya da ke kewaye da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo [[Vincent Price]], Edward G. Robinson, Fanny Brice, da Sam Jaffe ta yi ƙoƙarin sa tarin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a Yammacin Tekun, don Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zamani a Beverly Hills. A shekarar 1944, Arensbergs sun sanya hannu kan takardar kyauta da Jami'ar California, Los Angeles, wacce ta haɗa da ƙa'idar cewa Jami'ar ta gina gidan tarihi mai dacewa don ɗaukar tarin a cikin takamaiman lokacin; abokinsu kuma abokin tara kayansu Galka Scheyer daga baya ya sanya hannu kan irin wannan yarjejeniya. A lokacin kaka na 1947, a bayyane yake cewa ba za a cika wannan sharaɗi ba kuma an soke kwangilar. A shekarar 1939, hukumar Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha ta Gundumar Los Angeles ta ƙi bayar da kyautar ayyukan avant-garde daga tarin. Daga nan sai Arensbergs suka fara tattaunawa da wasu cibiyoyi da dama, ciki har da Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago, Gidan Tarihi na Denver, [[Jami'ar Harvard]], Kwalejin Fasaha ta Honolulu, Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes (Mexico, DF), Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa, Gidan Tarihi na Philadelphia, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na San Francisco, [[Jami'ar Stanford]], Jami'ar California, Berkeley, da Jami'ar Minnesota . Daga ƙarshe Arensbergs sun janye buƙatarsu cewa wanda ya karɓi tarin ya kuma samar da ci gaba da Gidauniyar Francis Bacon. Bayan tattaunawa mai tsawo da ziyara da Darakta Fiske Kimball da matarsa Marie suka kai, Arensbergs sun gabatar da tarin abubuwa sama da 1000, ciki har da wasiƙu, waƙoƙi, rubuce-rubuce, rubuce-rubuce, bayanan tattara fasaha na mutum da na fasaha, da hotuna da ke nuna ayyukan tattara fasaha na ma'auratan da kuma abotarsu da manyan masu fasaha, marubuta da malamai, ga Gidan Tarihi na Philadelphia a ranar 27 ga Disamba, 1950. A shekarar 1949, Daniel Catton Rich da Katherine Kuh sun shirya baje kolin farko na tarin Arensberg, wanda aka gudanar a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago a shekarar 1949. Don baje kolin ''Making Mischief: Dada Invades New York'' a shekarar 1996, Gidan Tarihi na Whitney na Fasaha ta Amurka ya sake ƙirƙirar cikin gidan Manhattan na Arensbergs. 'Hollywood Arensberg', na Mark Nelson, William H. Sherman, da Ellen Hoobler, sun bayar da sake gina gida bayan gida, bango bayan bango, da kuma sake gina tarin gidaje da fasaha na ma'auratan a Los Angeles. Cibiyar Bincike ta Getty ta buga a shekarar 2020, littafin ya ba da cikakken bayani game da tarin fasahar zamani da ta kafin Columbia da kuma littattafai da rubuce-rubuce na Renaissance da Arensbergs suka yi. Ya dawo da duniyar ilimi ta mai tarawa da dara kuma ya sadaukar da kai ga binciken Baconia, kuma ya haskaka dangantaka tsakanin ma'auratan da Marcel Duchamp, Beatrice Wood, Earl Stendahl, Robert Woods Bliss, Marius de Zayas, Walter Pach, William Friedman, da sauransu. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tebfm6g7003adjbu95chb4bwnynzcdw 974836 974835 2026-11-01T15:57:07Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Walter Conrad Arensberg''' (4 ga Afrilun shekarar 1878 - 29 ga Janairun shekarar 1954) ɗan Amurka ne mai tattara zane-zane, mai suka kuma mawaki. Mahaifinsa wani ɓangare ne na mamallakin wani kamfanin ƙarfe mai kama da crucible . Ya kuma yi karatun digiri a fannin Turanci da falsafa a Jami'ar Harvard. Tare da matarsa '''Louise''' (an haife ta a matsayin '''Mary Louise Stevens''' ; 1879–1953), ya tattara zane-zane kuma ya tallafa wa ayyukan fasaha. <ref> name="AAA">{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Walter and Louise Arensberg papers, 1912-1982, (bulk 1917-1982) |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/walter-and-louise-arensberg-papers-5962 |access-date=17 Jun 2011 |website=Research collections |publisher=Archives of American Art}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Walter Arensberg a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, ɗan fari ga Conrad Christian Arensberg da matarsa ta biyu, Flora Belle Covert. Mahaifin Walter shi ne Shugaba kuma mai mallakar wani kamfani mai nasara a Pittsburgh Crucible Steel Company. Tsakanin shekarar 1896 da 1900, Walter ya halarci [[Jami'ar Harvard]] . Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi tafiya zuwa Turai, inda ya shafe akalla shekaru biyu. A shekarar 1903, ya koma Harvard, a matsayin ɗalibi na digiri na biyu. Bai kammala karatunsa ba, sai ya koma birnin New York don yin aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida na kub daga 1904-1906. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> An kuma yi wa babban littafin Arensberg na farko, ''The Cryptography of Dante'' (1921) maraba a matsayin abin kunya na adabi saboda fassararsa mai zurfi ta Freudian ga rubutun.<ref>" A Shocking Attack on Dante's Immortal 'Inferno'," The New York Evening Journal, January 21, 1922.</ref> An buga cikakken shafi a cikin ''Jaridar New York Evening Journal'' mai taken "A Shocking Attack on the unmarried 'Inferno' of Dante." Bayan wannan littafin, sai aka saka masa ''The Cryptography of Shakespeare'' (1922), wanda ya sami acrostics da anagrams a cikin ayyukan Shakespeare da aka buga waɗanda suka bayyana sunan Francis Bacon. A cikin ''kabarin sirri na Francis Bacon da mahaifiyarsa a gidan babi na Lichfield'' (1923) da ''The Shakespearean mystery'' (1928) ya yi amfani da "key cipher" don nemo ƙarin saƙonnin da suka shafi Rosicrucians. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (July 2022)">wanne?</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup>{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}} Binciken William Friedman da Elizebeth Friedman ya nuna cewa babu ɗayan hanyoyin da ke da ingancin rubutun sirri .<ref>William and Elizebeth Friedman, ''The Shakespearean ciphers examined'', [[Cambridge University Press]], 1957. Chapter X.</ref> An kuma buga littattafai da dama na baitocinsa da suka yi tasiri ga Symbolist, ciki har da ''Waƙoƙin'' 1914 da kuma ''Idols'' na 1916. Edmund Clarence Stedman ya rubuta waƙarsa ta ''Voyage a l'Infini'' . Waƙoƙinsa mafi ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa sun bayyana a cikin mujallun Dada tsakanin 1917 da 1919: ''Rogue'', ''The Blind Man'', ''391'', ''TNT'' . == Mai tattara zane-zane == Tsakanin 1913 da 1950, ma'auratan sun tattara ayyukan masu fasaha na zamani kamar Jean Metzinger, Marcel Duchamp, <ref name="AAA">{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Walter and Louise Arensberg papers, 1912-1982, (bulk 1917-1982) |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/walter-and-louise-arensberg-papers-5962 |access-date=17 Jun 2011 |website=Research collections |publisher=Archives of American Art}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/walter-and-louise-arensberg-papers-5962 "Walter and Louise Arensberg papers, 1912-1982, (bulk 1917-1982)"]. ''Research collections''. Archives of American Art. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 Jun</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Charles Sheeler, Walter Pach, da Beatrice Wood, <ref name="AAA" /> da kuma zane-zane [[Pre-Columbian era|na Pre-Columbian]] ; dillalin Earl L. Stendahl ne ya taimaka musu. Arensbergs sun yi kusanci da Duchamp musamman, wanda ke zaune a gidansu a lokacin bazara na 1915 yayin da suke hutu a gidansu na bazara a Pomfret, Connecticut . Za su zama masu kula da mai zane na tsawon rai kuma su zama mafi girman tarin ayyukansa. Lokacin da aka ƙi ra'ayin Duchamp na aika aikinsa na 1917 ''Fountain'', wani bandaki na yau da kullun da aka sanya wa hannu tare da sunan barkwanci "R. Mutt," zuwa nunin farko na Society of Independent Artists, shi da Arensberg sun ji dole su yi murabus daga ƙungiyar. An wakilci da'irar abokai da masu fasaha da ke ziyartar Salon Arensberg da ke Manhattan a wani aikin sake ginawa na gani ''na Chez Arensbergs'' ta hannun mai zane-zanen Faransa André Raffray (1925-2010), wanda dillalin fasaha na New York kuma ƙwararre kan dada Francis M. Naumann ya kafa bisa ga kwamiti, wanda shi ma ya shiga cikin aikin ƙirƙira. <ref>" A Shocking Attack on Dante's Immortal 'Inferno'," The New York Evening Journal, January 21, 1922.</ref> == Shekarun California == A shekarar 1921, saboda dalilai na lafiya da kuɗi da kuma bayan da Louise ta dage, ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Hollywood, California . Duk da cewa da farko an yi niyyar ƙaura ta wucin gadi ne, Arensbergs sun zauna a California har tsawon rayuwarsu, suka koma New York na tsawon shekara ɗaya kacal tsakanin 1925 da 1926. Sun fara zama a Residence A, gidan baƙi wanda Frank Lloyd Wright ya tsara a Olive Hill, mallakar Aline Barnsdall . Na ɗan lokaci. A watan Satumba na 1927, Arensbergs sun sayi gidansu na dindindin a kan 7065 Hillside Avenue, misali na gine-ginen Revival na Bahar Rum da aka gina a 1920 don Lee B. Memefee kuma mai zane William Lee Woollett ya tsara; daga baya suka ba mai zane Richard Neutra izinin gina ƙari ga gidan Constantin Brâncuși na ''L'Oiseau dans l'espace'' (1924). A shekarar 1946, Max Ernst da Dorothea Tanning sun yi aure a gidansu a wani aure mai kama da juna biyu da Juliet Browner da Man Ray . Walter ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na Los Angeles Art Association (1937), Los Angeles County Museum of Art (1938–1939), da Southwest Museum (1944–1954). Bugu da ƙari, ya kasance memba na kwamitin kafa American Arts in Action (1943) da Modern Institute of Art, Beverly Hills (1947–1949), ƙungiyoyi da suka sadaukar da kansu don nuna fasahar zamani a California. == Gidauniyar Francis Bacon == Saboda sha'awar marubuci [[Francis Bacon]], musamman fannoni na alchemy, cryptography, Rosicrucianism, da kuma, ba makawa, muhawarar Shakespeare-Bacon, Arensbergs sun yi bincike kan aikinsa. A shekarar 1937 sun kafa [[Francis Bacon Foundation|Gidauniyar Francis Bacon]] a [[Los Angeles]] da nufin haɓaka "bincike a tarihi, falsafa, kimiyya, adabi, da fasaha, tare da yin nuni na musamman ga rayuwa da ayyukan Francis Bacon" kuma a shekarar 1954 sun ba ta kuɗi da tarin Baconiana. An ajiye ɗakin karatu na Gidauniyar a cikin ƙaramin ginin tubalin ta a Kwalejin Claremont tun daga shekarar 1960. A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, tarin ya karu daga ainihin kundin 3,500 zuwa sama da kundin 16,000. Tare da rashin lafiyar mai kula da ɗakin karatu da mai kula da tarin na dogon lokaci, Elizabeth Wrigley, Gidauniyar ta yanke shawarar mayar da shi zuwa Laburaren Huntington da ke San Marino. Yanzu ana kiran tarin da Gidauniyar Francis Bacon Arensberg Collection. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Gado == A shekarun 1940, Arensbergs sun fara neman wurin zama na dindindin don tarin kayansu. A shekarar 1941, wata ƙungiya da ke kewaye da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo [[Vincent Price]], Edward G. Robinson, Fanny Brice, da Sam Jaffe ta yi ƙoƙarin sa tarin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a Yammacin Tekun, don Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zamani a Beverly Hills. A shekarar 1944, Arensbergs sun sanya hannu kan takardar kyauta da Jami'ar California, Los Angeles, wacce ta haɗa da ƙa'idar cewa Jami'ar ta gina gidan tarihi mai dacewa don ɗaukar tarin a cikin takamaiman lokacin; abokinsu kuma abokin tara kayansu Galka Scheyer daga baya ya sanya hannu kan irin wannan yarjejeniya. A lokacin kaka na 1947, a bayyane yake cewa ba za a cika wannan sharaɗi ba kuma an soke kwangilar. A shekarar 1939, hukumar Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha ta Gundumar Los Angeles ta ƙi bayar da kyautar ayyukan avant-garde daga tarin. Daga nan sai Arensbergs suka fara tattaunawa da wasu cibiyoyi da dama, ciki har da Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago, Gidan Tarihi na Denver, [[Jami'ar Harvard]], Kwalejin Fasaha ta Honolulu, Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes (Mexico, DF), Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa, Gidan Tarihi na Philadelphia, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na San Francisco, [[Jami'ar Stanford]], Jami'ar California, Berkeley, da Jami'ar Minnesota . Daga ƙarshe Arensbergs sun janye buƙatarsu cewa wanda ya karɓi tarin ya kuma samar da ci gaba da Gidauniyar Francis Bacon. Bayan tattaunawa mai tsawo da ziyara da Darakta Fiske Kimball da matarsa Marie suka kai, Arensbergs sun gabatar da tarin abubuwa sama da 1000, ciki har da wasiƙu, waƙoƙi, rubuce-rubuce, rubuce-rubuce, bayanan tattara fasaha na mutum da na fasaha, da hotuna da ke nuna ayyukan tattara fasaha na ma'auratan da kuma abotarsu da manyan masu fasaha, marubuta da malamai, ga Gidan Tarihi na Philadelphia a ranar 27 ga Disamba, 1950. A shekarar 1949, Daniel Catton Rich da Katherine Kuh sun shirya baje kolin farko na tarin Arensberg, wanda aka gudanar a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago a shekarar 1949. Don baje kolin ''Making Mischief: Dada Invades New York'' a shekarar 1996, Gidan Tarihi na Whitney na Fasaha ta Amurka ya sake ƙirƙirar cikin gidan Manhattan na Arensbergs. 'Hollywood Arensberg', na Mark Nelson, William H. Sherman, da Ellen Hoobler, sun bayar da sake gina gida bayan gida, bango bayan bango, da kuma sake gina tarin gidaje da fasaha na ma'auratan a Los Angeles. Cibiyar Bincike ta Getty ta buga a shekarar 2020, littafin ya ba da cikakken bayani game da tarin fasahar zamani da ta kafin Columbia da kuma littattafai da rubuce-rubuce na Renaissance da Arensbergs suka yi. Ya dawo da duniyar ilimi ta mai tarawa da dara kuma ya sadaukar da kai ga binciken Baconia, kuma ya haskaka dangantaka tsakanin ma'auratan da Marcel Duchamp, Beatrice Wood, Earl Stendahl, Robert Woods Bliss, Marius de Zayas, Walter Pach, William Friedman, da sauransu. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fpz0dzovrmr5gmh8rmtfj2dfvm2rsxj 974838 974836 2026-11-01T15:57:22Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974838 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Walter Conrad Arensberg''' (4 ga Afrilun shekarar 1878 - 29 ga Janairun shekarar 1954) ɗan Amurka ne mai tattara zane-zane, mai suka kuma mawaki. Mahaifinsa wani ɓangare ne na mamallakin wani kamfanin ƙarfe mai kama da crucible . Ya kuma yi karatun digiri a fannin Turanci da falsafa a Jami'ar Harvard. Tare da matarsa '''Louise''' (an haife ta a matsayin '''Mary Louise Stevens''' ; 1879–1953), ya tattara zane-zane kuma ya tallafa wa ayyukan fasaha. <ref> name="AAA">{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Walter and Louise Arensberg papers, 1912-1982, (bulk 1917-1982) |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/walter-and-louise-arensberg-papers-5962 |access-date=17 Jun 2011 |website=Research collections |publisher=Archives of American Art}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Walter Arensberg a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, ɗan fari ga Conrad Christian Arensberg da matarsa ta biyu, Flora Belle Covert. Mahaifin Walter shi ne Shugaba kuma mai mallakar wani kamfani mai nasara a Pittsburgh Crucible Steel Company. Tsakanin shekarar 1896 da 1900, Walter ya halarci [[Jami'ar Harvard]] . Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi tafiya zuwa Turai, inda ya shafe akalla shekaru biyu. A shekarar 1903, ya koma Harvard, a matsayin ɗalibi na digiri na biyu. Bai kammala karatunsa ba, sai ya koma birnin New York don yin aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida na kub daga 1904-1906. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> An kuma yi wa babban littafin Arensberg na farko, ''The Cryptography of Dante'' (1921) maraba a matsayin abin kunya na adabi saboda fassararsa mai zurfi ta Freudian ga rubutun.<ref>" A Shocking Attack on Dante's Immortal 'Inferno'," The New York Evening Journal, January 21, 1922.</ref> An buga cikakken shafi a cikin ''Jaridar New York Evening Journal'' mai taken "A Shocking Attack on the unmarried 'Inferno' of Dante." Bayan wannan littafin, sai aka saka masa ''The Cryptography of Shakespeare'' (1922), wanda ya sami acrostics da anagrams a cikin ayyukan Shakespeare da aka buga waɗanda suka bayyana sunan Francis Bacon. A cikin ''kabarin sirri na Francis Bacon da mahaifiyarsa a gidan babi na Lichfield'' (1923) da ''The Shakespearean mystery'' (1928) ya yi amfani da "key cipher" don nemo ƙarin saƙonnin da suka shafi Rosicrucians. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (July 2022)">wanne?</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup>{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2022}} Binciken William Friedman da Elizebeth Friedman ya nuna cewa babu ɗayan hanyoyin da ke da ingancin rubutun sirri .<ref>William and Elizebeth Friedman, ''The Shakespearean ciphers examined'', [[Cambridge University Press]], 1957. Chapter X.</ref> An kuma buga littattafai da dama na baitocinsa da suka yi tasiri ga Symbolist, ciki har da ''Waƙoƙin'' 1914 da kuma ''Idols'' na 1916. Edmund Clarence Stedman ya rubuta waƙarsa ta ''Voyage a l'Infini'' . Waƙoƙinsa mafi ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa sun bayyana a cikin mujallun Dada tsakanin shekarar 1917 da 1919: ''Rogue'', ''The Blind Man'', ''391'', ''TNT'' . == Mai tattara zane-zane == Tsakanin 1913 da 1950, ma'auratan sun tattara ayyukan masu fasaha na zamani kamar Jean Metzinger, Marcel Duchamp, <ref name="AAA">{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Walter and Louise Arensberg papers, 1912-1982, (bulk 1917-1982) |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/walter-and-louise-arensberg-papers-5962 |access-date=17 Jun 2011 |website=Research collections |publisher=Archives of American Art}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/walter-and-louise-arensberg-papers-5962 "Walter and Louise Arensberg papers, 1912-1982, (bulk 1917-1982)"]. ''Research collections''. Archives of American Art. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 Jun</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Charles Sheeler, Walter Pach, da Beatrice Wood, <ref name="AAA" /> da kuma zane-zane [[Pre-Columbian era|na Pre-Columbian]] ; dillalin Earl L. Stendahl ne ya taimaka musu. Arensbergs sun yi kusanci da Duchamp musamman, wanda ke zaune a gidansu a lokacin bazara na 1915 yayin da suke hutu a gidansu na bazara a Pomfret, Connecticut . Za su zama masu kula da mai zane na tsawon rai kuma su zama mafi girman tarin ayyukansa. Lokacin da aka ƙi ra'ayin Duchamp na aika aikinsa na 1917 ''Fountain'', wani bandaki na yau da kullun da aka sanya wa hannu tare da sunan barkwanci "R. Mutt," zuwa nunin farko na Society of Independent Artists, shi da Arensberg sun ji dole su yi murabus daga ƙungiyar. An wakilci da'irar abokai da masu fasaha da ke ziyartar Salon Arensberg da ke Manhattan a wani aikin sake ginawa na gani ''na Chez Arensbergs'' ta hannun mai zane-zanen Faransa André Raffray (1925-2010), wanda dillalin fasaha na New York kuma ƙwararre kan dada Francis M. Naumann ya kafa bisa ga kwamiti, wanda shi ma ya shiga cikin aikin ƙirƙira. <ref>" A Shocking Attack on Dante's Immortal 'Inferno'," The New York Evening Journal, January 21, 1922.</ref> == Shekarun California == A shekarar 1921, saboda dalilai na lafiya da kuɗi da kuma bayan da Louise ta dage, ma'auratan sun ƙaura zuwa Hollywood, California . Duk da cewa da farko an yi niyyar ƙaura ta wucin gadi ne, Arensbergs sun zauna a California har tsawon rayuwarsu, suka koma New York na tsawon shekara ɗaya kacal tsakanin 1925 da 1926. Sun fara zama a Residence A, gidan baƙi wanda Frank Lloyd Wright ya tsara a Olive Hill, mallakar Aline Barnsdall . Na ɗan lokaci. A watan Satumba na 1927, Arensbergs sun sayi gidansu na dindindin a kan 7065 Hillside Avenue, misali na gine-ginen Revival na Bahar Rum da aka gina a 1920 don Lee B. Memefee kuma mai zane William Lee Woollett ya tsara; daga baya suka ba mai zane Richard Neutra izinin gina ƙari ga gidan Constantin Brâncuși na ''L'Oiseau dans l'espace'' (1924). A shekarar 1946, Max Ernst da Dorothea Tanning sun yi aure a gidansu a wani aure mai kama da juna biyu da Juliet Browner da Man Ray . Walter ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na Los Angeles Art Association (1937), Los Angeles County Museum of Art (1938–1939), da Southwest Museum (1944–1954). Bugu da ƙari, ya kasance memba na kwamitin kafa American Arts in Action (1943) da Modern Institute of Art, Beverly Hills (1947–1949), ƙungiyoyi da suka sadaukar da kansu don nuna fasahar zamani a California. == Gidauniyar Francis Bacon == Saboda sha'awar marubuci [[Francis Bacon]], musamman fannoni na alchemy, cryptography, Rosicrucianism, da kuma, ba makawa, muhawarar Shakespeare-Bacon, Arensbergs sun yi bincike kan aikinsa. A shekarar 1937 sun kafa [[Francis Bacon Foundation|Gidauniyar Francis Bacon]] a [[Los Angeles]] da nufin haɓaka "bincike a tarihi, falsafa, kimiyya, adabi, da fasaha, tare da yin nuni na musamman ga rayuwa da ayyukan Francis Bacon" kuma a shekarar 1954 sun ba ta kuɗi da tarin Baconiana. An ajiye ɗakin karatu na Gidauniyar a cikin ƙaramin ginin tubalin ta a Kwalejin Claremont tun daga shekarar 1960. A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, tarin ya karu daga ainihin kundin 3,500 zuwa sama da kundin 16,000. Tare da rashin lafiyar mai kula da ɗakin karatu da mai kula da tarin na dogon lokaci, Elizabeth Wrigley, Gidauniyar ta yanke shawarar mayar da shi zuwa Laburaren Huntington da ke San Marino. Yanzu ana kiran tarin da Gidauniyar Francis Bacon Arensberg Collection. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Gado == A shekarun 1940, Arensbergs sun fara neman wurin zama na dindindin don tarin kayansu. A shekarar 1941, wata ƙungiya da ke kewaye da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo [[Vincent Price]], Edward G. Robinson, Fanny Brice, da Sam Jaffe ta yi ƙoƙarin sa tarin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a Yammacin Tekun, don Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zamani a Beverly Hills. A shekarar 1944, Arensbergs sun sanya hannu kan takardar kyauta da Jami'ar California, Los Angeles, wacce ta haɗa da ƙa'idar cewa Jami'ar ta gina gidan tarihi mai dacewa don ɗaukar tarin a cikin takamaiman lokacin; abokinsu kuma abokin tara kayansu Galka Scheyer daga baya ya sanya hannu kan irin wannan yarjejeniya. A lokacin kaka na 1947, a bayyane yake cewa ba za a cika wannan sharaɗi ba kuma an soke kwangilar. A shekarar 1939, hukumar Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha ta Gundumar Los Angeles ta ƙi bayar da kyautar ayyukan avant-garde daga tarin. Daga nan sai Arensbergs suka fara tattaunawa da wasu cibiyoyi da dama, ciki har da Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago, Gidan Tarihi na Denver, [[Jami'ar Harvard]], Kwalejin Fasaha ta Honolulu, Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes (Mexico, DF), Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa, Gidan Tarihi na Philadelphia, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na San Francisco, [[Jami'ar Stanford]], Jami'ar California, Berkeley, da Jami'ar Minnesota . Daga ƙarshe Arensbergs sun janye buƙatarsu cewa wanda ya karɓi tarin ya kuma samar da ci gaba da Gidauniyar Francis Bacon. Bayan tattaunawa mai tsawo da ziyara da Darakta Fiske Kimball da matarsa Marie suka kai, Arensbergs sun gabatar da tarin abubuwa sama da 1000, ciki har da wasiƙu, waƙoƙi, rubuce-rubuce, rubuce-rubuce, bayanan tattara fasaha na mutum da na fasaha, da hotuna da ke nuna ayyukan tattara fasaha na ma'auratan da kuma abotarsu da manyan masu fasaha, marubuta da malamai, ga Gidan Tarihi na Philadelphia a ranar 27 ga Disamba, 1950. A shekarar 1949, Daniel Catton Rich da Katherine Kuh sun shirya baje kolin farko na tarin Arensberg, wanda aka gudanar a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago a shekarar 1949. Don baje kolin ''Making Mischief: Dada Invades New York'' a shekarar 1996, Gidan Tarihi na Whitney na Fasaha ta Amurka ya sake ƙirƙirar cikin gidan Manhattan na Arensbergs. 'Hollywood Arensberg', na Mark Nelson, William H. Sherman, da Ellen Hoobler, sun bayar da sake gina gida bayan gida, bango bayan bango, da kuma sake gina tarin gidaje da fasaha na ma'auratan a Los Angeles. Cibiyar Bincike ta Getty ta buga a shekarar 2020, littafin ya ba da cikakken bayani game da tarin fasahar zamani da ta kafin Columbia da kuma littattafai da rubuce-rubuce na Renaissance da Arensbergs suka yi. Ya dawo da duniyar ilimi ta mai tarawa da dara kuma ya sadaukar da kai ga binciken Baconia, kuma ya haskaka dangantaka tsakanin ma'auratan da Marcel Duchamp, Beatrice Wood, Earl Stendahl, Robert Woods Bliss, Marius de Zayas, Walter Pach, William Friedman, da sauransu. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3u4ih1u6cuhjcsnuxmif9ec4ek8swjl 0 139185 975107 787765 2026-11-02T04:18:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dana Beth Ardi''' ( née a Silverstein) ƴar kasuwa ce ƴar Amurka, ƴar jari-hujja, ƴar jari-hujja ta ɗan adam, marubuciya , <ref>{{Cite web |last=Palermo |first=Elizabeth |date=September 14, 2013 |title=Leadership: Why Alpha Is Over and Beta Is Better |url=http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/5103-share-leadership-theory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018014839/http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/5103-share-leadership-theory.html |archive-date=October 18, 2013 |access-date=October 17, 2013 |website=Business News Daily}}</ref> kuma mai tattara zane-zane na zamani . An ɗauke ta a matsayin ƙwararriya a fannin kula da baiwa da tsara ƙungiya, <ref>{{cite news |date=March 25, 2002 |title=Voices: Collective Wisdom |url=https://www.forbes.com/asap/2002/0325/021_print.html |accessdate=July 25, 2013 |work=Forbes}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Palermo |first=Elizabeth |date=September 14, 2013 |title=Leadership: Why Alpha Is Over and Beta Is Better |url=http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/5103-share-leadership-theory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018014839/http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/5103-share-leadership-theory.html |archive-date=October 18, 2013 |access-date=October 17, 2013 |website=Business News Daily}}</ref> Ardi ita ce marubucin littafin ''The Fall of the Alphas: The New Beta Way to Connect, Collaborate, Influence—and Lead.'' <ref>{{cite news |last=Huppke |first=Rex W. |date=July 7, 2013 |title=A World Overrun (Cooperatively) by Betas |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/ct-met-huppke-alphas-20130707,0,5563720.story |accessdate=July 21, 2013 |newspaper=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 15, 2013 |title=The Fall of the Alphas: The New Beta Way to Connect, Collaborate, Influence—and Lead |url=http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-312-68193-7 |access-date=July 25, 2013 |website=Publishers Weekly}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Diziak |first=Alina |date=October 1, 2013 |title=The right way to build friendships at work |url=http://www.bbc.com/capital/story/20130930-building-work-friendships |access-date=October 17, 2013 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> An fi saninta da ƙwararren masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na kamfanoni, wanda shine tsarin jarin ɗan adam da ta ƙirƙira. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moltz |first=Barry J. |date=October 10, 2013 |title=Barry Nalebuff of Honest Tea, Dana Ardi and Rick DeLisi |url=http://www.blogtalkradio.com/smallbusinessunstuck/2013/10/04/244-barry-nalebuff-of-honest-tea-dana-ardi-and-rick-delisi |access-date=October 17, 2013 |publisher=Blog Talk Radio}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Ardi ta yi yarinta a Manhattan, New York. Ta fara sha'awar fasaha tun tana ƙarama, lokacin da mahaifinta, Jack Silverstein, ya mallaki kayan ado wanda al'ummar fasaha suka karɓe shi sosai. Ardi ta fara ɗaukar darussa a MoMA, lokacin da ta shiga ƙungiyoyin gidajen tarihi kaɗan kuma ta fara ilmantar da kanta. <ref>{{cite news |date=March 25, 2002 |title=Voices: Collective Wisdom |url=https://www.forbes.com/asap/2002/0325/021_print.html |accessdate=July 25, 2013 |work=Forbes}}</ref> A shekarar 1967, bayan ambaliyar ruwan Kogin Arno a shekarar 1966, Ardi ta yi tafiya zuwa Florence, Italiya, inda ta yi aikin sa kai a matsayin mala'ika mai laka, tana gyara da kuma gyara fasahar da ta lalace a duk faɗin birnin. <ref>{{cite news |last=Huppke |first=Rex W. |date=July 7, 2013 |title=A World Overrun (Cooperatively) by Betas |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/ct-met-huppke-alphas-20130707,0,5563720.story |accessdate=July 21, 2013 |newspaper=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> Bayan gogewarta a Florence, ta yi karatun fasaha da tarihin fasaha na Renaissance a Jami'ar Siena . Ardi ta sami digirin farko a fannin kimiyya daga Jami'ar Jihar New York da ke Buffalo, da kuma digirin biyu a fannin ilimi da digirin digirgir daga Kwalejin Boston . <ref>{{cite news |date=March 25, 2002 |title=Voices: Collective Wisdom |url=https://www.forbes.com/asap/2002/0325/021_print.html |accessdate=July 25, 2013 |work=Forbes}}</ref> == Sana'a == Bayan ta sami digirin digirgir, Ardi ta fara aiki a [[Ilimi Na Musamman|fannin ilimi na musamman]], tana aiki a [[Boston]] da New York, kuma tana aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin ilimi a Makarantar Digiri na biyu ta Jami'ar Fordham . <ref>{{cite news |date=March 25, 2002 |title=Voices: Collective Wisdom |url=https://www.forbes.com/asap/2002/0325/021_print.html |accessdate=July 25, 2013 |work=Forbes}}</ref> A shekarar 1983, McGraw-Hill Productions ta ɗauke ta aiki, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Palermo |first=Elizabeth |date=September 14, 2013 |title=Leadership: Why Alpha Is Over and Beta Is Better |url=http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/5103-share-leadership-theory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018014839/http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/5103-share-leadership-theory.html |archive-date=October 18, 2013 |access-date=October 17, 2013 |website=Business News Daily}}</ref> wanda ya nuna farkon aikin Ardi a fannin kafofin watsa labarai na gargajiya da na ci gaba. <ref>{{cite news |last=Huppke |first=Rex W. |date=July 7, 2013 |title=A World Overrun (Cooperatively) by Betas |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/ct-met-huppke-alphas-20130707,0,5563720.story |accessdate=July 21, 2013 |newspaper=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> A shekarar 1994, [[RR Donnelley|RR Donnelly da Sons]], <ref>{{cite news |date=March 25, 2002 |title=Voices: Collective Wisdom |url=https://www.forbes.com/asap/2002/0325/021_print.html |accessdate=July 25, 2013 |work=Forbes}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Palermo |first=Elizabeth |date=September 14, 2013 |title=Leadership: Why Alpha Is Over and Beta Is Better |url=http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/5103-share-leadership-theory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018014839/http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/5103-share-leadership-theory.html |archive-date=October 18, 2013 |access-date=October 17, 2013 |website=Business News Daily}}</ref> sun ɗauke Ardi aiki inda ta jagoranci sabbin shirye-shiryen kafofin watsa labarai na kamfanin, kuma, a shekarar 1995, an naɗa ta a matsayin babbar darakta, Abokin Hulɗa, kuma Jagoran Ayyukan Duniya a TMP Worldwide, wani kamfanin bincike na manyan jami'ai. A TMP, Ardi ta mai da hankali kan tsarin ɗan adam da tsarin ƙungiya. Ta bar kamfanin a shekarar 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 15, 2013 |title=The Fall of the Alphas: The New Beta Way to Connect, Collaborate, Influence—and Lead |url=http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-312-68193-7 |access-date=July 25, 2013 |website=Publishers Weekly}}</ref> Daga baya, ta shiga aikin Jerry Colonna, Bob Greene da Fred Wilson a Flatiron Partners, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Diziak |first=Alina |date=October 1, 2013 |title=The right way to build friendships at work |url=http://www.bbc.com/capital/story/20130930-building-work-friendships |access-date=October 17, 2013 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> wani sanannen asusun jari na farko, inda ta haɓaka tsarin da ake amfani da shi a yanzu na haɗa darajar jarin ɗan adam cikin cikakken tantance darajar kamfani. Daga 2000 zuwa 2009, Ardi ta yi aiki a matsayin abokin tarayya kuma babban darakta a JPMorgan Partners/CCMP Capital, LLC, wani kamfani mai zaman kansa na hannun jari. <ref>{{cite news |last=Shellenbarger |first=Sue |date=May 7, 2012 |title=Toolkit to overcome obstacles facing women in the workforce |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/wall-street-journal/toolkit-to-overcome-obstacles-facing-women-in-the-workforce/story-fnay3ubk-1226348718545 |accessdate=July 19, 2013 |newspaper=Wall Street Journal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223223951/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/wall-street-journal/toolkit-to-overcome-obstacles-facing-women-in-the-workforce/story-fnay3ubk-1226348718545 |archive-date=February 23, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ardi ta bar kamfanin zuwa kafa Corporate Anthropology Inc., wani kamfanin ba da shawara kan jarin ɗan adam wanda ke ba da shawara kan daukar ma'aikata da ƙungiyoyi ga kamfanoni masu tasowa, masu zuba jari da abokan cinikin kamfanoni. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moltz |first=Barry J. |date=October 10, 2013 |title=Barry Nalebuff of Honest Tea, Dana Ardi and Rick DeLisi |url=http://www.blogtalkradio.com/smallbusinessunstuck/2013/10/04/244-barry-nalebuff-of-honest-tea-dana-ardi-and-rick-delisi |access-date=October 17, 2013 |publisher=Blog Talk Radio}}</ref> == Shiga cikin fasahar zamani == Ardi fitacciyar mai tattara zane-zane ce ta zamani kuma mai ba da shawara ga masu fasaha da masu zane-zane na zamani. Ita abokiyar ƙungiyar Royal Society of the Arts ce, kuma jami'a ce a Majalisar Fasaha ta Kirkire-kirkire ta Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha ta Zamani da ke New York . Bugu da ƙari, ita memba ce a Majalisar Shugabanci ta Gidauniyar Fasaha ta New York . == Ganewa == Ardi, wacce ta rubuta shafin ''Tambayi Dr. Dana'' don ''Matsayin Masana'antu'' daga 1998-2001, <ref>{{cite news |date=March 25, 2002 |title=Voices: Collective Wisdom |url=https://www.forbes.com/asap/2002/0325/021_print.html |accessdate=July 25, 2013 |work=Forbes}}</ref> jagora ce ga Springboard Enterprises, wani "ƙungiyar ƙwararru masu kirkire-kirkire, masu zuba jari da masu tasiri waɗanda suka sadaukar da kansu don gina kamfanoni masu tasowa waɗanda mata ke jagoranta." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Palermo |first=Elizabeth |date=September 14, 2013 |title=Leadership: Why Alpha Is Over and Beta Is Better |url=http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/5103-share-leadership-theory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018014839/http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/5103-share-leadership-theory.html |archive-date=October 18, 2013 |access-date=October 17, 2013 |website=Business News Daily}}</ref> Ta kasance babbar mai jawabi kuma ta gabatar da jawabi a tarurruka da tarurrukan karawa juna sani a duk duniya, gami da tarurrukan da ''The Wall Street Journal'', Digital Hollywood, da Harvard Business School suka gabatar. <ref>{{cite news |last=Huppke |first=Rex W. |date=July 7, 2013 |title=A World Overrun (Cooperatively) by Betas |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/ct-met-huppke-alphas-20130707,0,5563720.story |accessdate=July 21, 2013 |newspaper=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Palermo |first=Elizabeth |date=September 14, 2013 |title=Leadership: Why Alpha Is Over and Beta Is Better |url=http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/5103-share-leadership-theory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018014839/http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/5103-share-leadership-theory.html |archive-date=October 18, 2013 |access-date=October 17, 2013 |website=Business News Daily}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |last=Huppke |first=Rex W. |date=July 7, 2013 |title=A World Overrun (Cooperatively) by Betas |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/ct-met-huppke-alphas-20130707,0,5563720.story |accessdate=July 21, 2013 |newspaper=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 15, 2013 |title=The Fall of the Alphas: The New Beta Way to Connect, Collaborate, Influence—and Lead |url=http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-312-68193-7 |access-date=July 25, 2013 |website=Publishers Weekly}}</ref> == Zaɓaɓɓun ayyuka == * ''Faɗuwar Alfa'' . Oktoba 2013. St. Martin's Press, New York. (shafuka 288) [http://us.macmillan.com/author/danaardi Macmillan] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 11q8vn4zb9dvc79rrhygc4squ4zjf89 0 140630 974768 801374 2026-11-01T13:18:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974768 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bobbie Jean Brown''' (an haife ta a ranar 7 ga Oktoba, 1969), wani lokacin ana kiranta da '''Bobbie Brown-Lane''', 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka, mai tallan kayan kawa, kuma tsohuwar mai fafatawa a gasar kyau . Ta fito a cikin bidiyon 1989 na Great White na " Once Bitten, Twice Shy " da " House of Broken Love ", da kuma bidiyon 1990 na waƙar Warrant " Cherry Pie ". == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Brown a ranar 7 ga Oktoba, 1969, a Baton Rouge, Louisiana . Ita ce babbar 'ya'ya ga Bobby Gene da Judy Ann Brown (wanda aka haifa a Faul). <ref> name="thomas">{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Erika |date=November 26, 2013 |title=Bobbie Brown and Her Dirty Rocker Boys |url=http://screamermagazine.com/interviews/bobbie-brown-dirty-rocker-boys/ |publisher=screamermagazine.com}}</ref> Brown yana da 'yan'uwa uku: ɗan'uwa, ɗan'uwa ɗaya, da kuma 'yar'uwa ɗaya. Iyayenta sun rabu lokacin da take makarantar sakandare kuma mahaifiyarta ta sake yin aure daga baya. Brown ta yi makarantar sakandare a Starkey Academy da ke Central, Louisiana . == Sana'a == Brown ta lashe gasar Miss Louisiana Teen USA ta 1987 kuma ta wakilci Louisiana a gasar Miss Teen USA ta 1987 kai tsaye daga [[El Paso, Texas]] a watan Yulin 1987. Brown ta lashe gasar spokemodel a ''Star Search'' sau goma sha uku. A shekarar 1990, ta dauki nauyin shirin salon da aka shirya ''na Preview: The Best of the New'' . Brown ta kuma fito a shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar ''Married...'' ''with Children'' (kashi uku) da fina-finai kamar ''Last Action Hero'' na 1993 wanda abokin aikinta na Miss Teen USA Bridgette Wilson ya nuna 'yar [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]] . Brown ta yi aiki a matsayin abin koyi ga Budweiser da sauran kamfanoni. Ta kuma fito a bidiyon kiɗa, ciki har da waƙoƙin Great White " Once Bitten, Twice Shy " da " House of Broken Love ", da waƙoƙin Hurricane "I'm On to You", da kuma waƙoƙin Louie Louie "Sittin' in the Lap of Luxury". Ana tunawa da ita sosai a matsayin yarinya a cikin bidiyon " Cherry Pie " na Warrant wanda aka fitar a shekarar 1990. A ƙarshen shekarun 1990, ta gabatar da wani shiri na talabijin wanda ya tallata shirye-shiryen faifan CD guda takwas mai suna "Big Rock: The 80s Generation". A shekarar 1998, ta kai ƙarar Penthouse saboda nuna wata mai ƙira mai suna Bobbie Brown. A shekarar 2009, Brown ya rubuta kuma ya ɗauki nauyin shirin shirin VH1, "Do It for the Band: Women of the Sunset Strip ". A shekarar 2012, Brown ya shiga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na shirin gaskiya na ''Ex-Wives of Rock'', wanda aka watsa a shafin yanar gizo na Fuse . A watan Nuwamba na 2013, tarihin Brown ya rubuta tare da Caroline Ryder kuma aka yi masa taken ''Dirty Rocker Boys: Love and Lust on the Sunset Strip'', wanda Gallery Books, wani sashe na Simon &amp;amp; Schuster, Inc., suka buga. <ref name="storey">{{Cite web |last=Storey |first=Kate |date=November 15, 2013 |title=Model Bobbie Brown is dishing the dirt about her former famous lovers |url=http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/model-bobbie-brown-is-dishing-the-dirt-about-her-former-famous-lovers/story-e6frfmqi-1226760713011 |publisher=news.com.au |access-date=February 19, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140204234730/http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/model-bobbie-brown-is-dishing-the-dirt-about-her-former-famous-lovers/story-e6frfmqi-1226760713011 |archive-date=February 4, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Brown ya kasance yana gudanar da shagon sayar da tufafi na kan layi bobbiejeanbrown.net, kodayake shafin ba ya aiki a yanzu. <ref name="thomas">{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Erika |date=November 26, 2013 |title=Bobbie Brown and Her Dirty Rocker Boys |url=http://screamermagazine.com/interviews/bobbie-brown-dirty-rocker-boys/ |publisher=screamermagazine.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFThomas2013">Thomas, Erika (November 26, 2013). [http://screamermagazine.com/interviews/bobbie-brown-dirty-rocker-boys/ "Bobbie Brown and Her Dirty Rocker Boys"]. screamermagazine.com.</cite></ref> A shekarar 2016, Brown ta fito a matsayin mahaifiyar Lexxi a cikin ''fim ɗin Live daga fim ɗin Lexxi mai suna Mom's Garage'' kuma tana kan murfin kundin waƙoƙi, wani DVD mai rai na Steel Panther, kuma ta fito a cikin bidiyon waƙarta na " She's Tight ". == Rayuwa ta sirri == A cikin tarihin rayuwarta ta 2013, Brown ta yarda cewa ta kasance mai shan hodar iblis da methamphetamine tsawon shekaru goma. Brown ta yi amfani da na biyun don rage kiba da sauri kafin ta fara yin kwaikwayon yin atisaye. Ta kammala wasu lokutan a fannin gyaran jiki kafin daga bisani ta fara maye a shekarun 2000. <ref name="gostin">{{Cite web |last=Gostin |first=Nick |date=December 9, 2013 |title='Cherry Pie' girl Bobbi Brown: 'I wanted to shoot myself' |url=http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2013/12/09/cherry-pie-girl-bobbi-brown-wanted-to-shoot-myself/ |publisher=[[Fox News]]}}</ref> Brown ta kuma bayyana cewa tana fama da trichotillomania, wata cuta mai kama da ciwon kai, wadda ta kamu da ita a shekarar 2005 yayin da take cikin abin da ta kira "mafi munin dangantaka a rayuwata". <ref name="thomas"/> A lokacin ɗaukar bidiyon "Cherry Pie" na Warrant, Brown ya haɗu da babbar mawaƙiya Jani Lane . Lane da Brown sun yi aure a ranar 15 ga Yuli, 1991. <ref name="storey"/> Sun haifi 'ya mace, Taylar Jayne Lane, a shekarar 1992, kuma suka rabu a shekarar 1993. <ref>{{Cite web |title=GET TO KNOW... Bobbie |url=http://www.fuse.tv/2012/12/meet-the-ex-wives-of-rock-cast#4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121211063227/http://www.fuse.tv/2012/12/meet-the-ex-wives-of-rock-cast#4 |archive-date=December 11, 2012 |access-date=December 8, 2012 |website=[[Fuse (TV channel)|Fuse]]}}</ref> Bayan rabuwar ta daga Lane, Brown ya yi wa Mötley Crüe busasshen ɗan ganga Tommy Lee baiko. Sun rabu a watan Fabrairun 1995, kuma Lee ya auri [[Pamela Anderson]] bayan kwana huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 10, 2014 |title=The Rock Solid Guide: Episode 156: Bobbie Brown |url=https://rocksolidguide.blogspot.com/2014/07/episode-156-bobbie-brown.html |publisher= |access-date=February 19, 2026 |archive-date=October 15, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015083047/https://rocksolidguide.blogspot.com/2014/07/episode-156-bobbie-brown.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marubuci == Brown ya rubuta tarihin rayuwarsa tare, ''Dirty Rocker Boys'', tare da Caroline Ryder wanda aka buga a shekarar 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Price |first=Johnny |date=December 21, 2013 |title=BOOK REVIEW: DIRTY ROCKER BOYS – BY: BOBBIE BROWN |url=http://rockrevoltmagazine.com/book-review-dirty-rocker-boys-by-bobbie-brown/ |access-date=August 29, 2020 |website=Rock Revolt}}</ref> == Fim ɗin fim == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Fim da talabijin ! Shekara ! Lakabi ! Matsayin ! class="unsortable" | Bayanan kula |- | 1987 | ''Miss Teen USA'' | Bobbie Brown | Bobbie Brown |- | 1990 | ''Binciken Tauraro'' | Kakakin tallan Bobbie Brown | Nasara goma sha biyu |- | 1990 | ''Rayuwar Masu Arziki da Shahararru'' | Kakakin tallan Bobbie Brown | Tafiya zuwa Matthew Nelson zuwa Arizona |- | 1991 | ''Sanyi kamar Kankara'' | Monique | An san shi da Bobby Brown |- | 1991 | ''An yi aure... da 'Ya'ya'' | Nibbles & Pecan | Kashi 3: Kashi na 5: Kashi na 19 da 20 "Kuna da Kyau Ku Sayi Kusa da Ku" Kashi na 1 da 2; Kashi na 23 "Hanyar 666" Kashi na 2 |- | 1992 | ''Matsala Biyu'' | Budurwar Bitrus | |- | 1993 | ''Cin Amana da Kurciya'' | Mai Rawa Mai Ban Dariya | |- | 1993 | ''Jarumin Aiki na Ƙarshe'' | Bidiyo Babe | Bobbi Brown - Lane |- | 1995 | ''Dare-dare na Baywatch'' | Wanda | Kashi 1 |- | 1995 | ''Renegade'' | Trish | Kashi na 1: Kashi na 4 Kashi na 10: "Wani Wuri da Lokaci" |- | 1996 | ''Kounterfeit'' | Mai rawa | |- | 1996 | ''Rudy Coby: Abin Ban Mamaki'' | Gilashin Awa | Yana taka rawar tsohuwar budurwar Rudy |- | 1997 | ''LabaraiRadio'' | Irene | Kashi 2: kakar wasa ta 3 kashi na 22 "Ainihin Yarjejeniyar"; kashi na 24 "Sararin Sarari" |- | 1998 | ''Sami Aiki'' | | |- | 1998 | ''Mike Hammer, Mai Kula da Kai'' | Randi, Yarinyar Kek ɗin Ranar Haihuwa | Kashi na 1: Kashi na 1 Kashi na 10 "Rayuwar da Ka Cece" |- | 1998 | ''Godson'' | Jaririn Sunny | |- | 1999 | ''Dome na Yaƙi'' | Bobbie Haven | |- | 2012 | ''Tsoffin Matan Rock'' | Bobbie Brown | Bobbie Brown |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Bidiyon kiɗa ! Shekara ! Sunan waƙa ! Mai yin wasan kwaikwayo |- | 1988 | "Ina tare da ku" | Guguwa |- | 1988 | " Cecilia " | Sau Biyu |- | 1989 | " Da zarar an ciji, sau biyu a ji kunya " | Babban Fari |- | 1989 | " Gidan Soyayya Mai Karya " | Babban Fari |- | 1990 | "Zaune a kan cinyar alfarma" | Louie Louie |- | 1990 | "Yana da Kyau Soyayya ga Mutum Kamar Kai" | Terence Trent D'Arby |- | 1990 | " Kek ɗin Ceri " | Garanti |- | 2012 | "Kugar" | Scott Carey |- | 2016 | " Tana da ƙarfi " | Karfe Panther |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] 1ahd91wzv6ghqqph3ou44d6b5pyu26y 0 141327 975112 969761 2026-11-02T04:55:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975112 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> {{Databox}} Praise Onyeagwalam Listenⓘ wanda aka fi sani da Daraktan Pink, shi ne darektan fina-finai na Najeriya, [1] mai gudanarwa mai kirkirar abubuwa kuma malami. [2] Ta yi fice bayan ta ba da umarnin bidiyon kiɗa "Running To You" na Chike ft Simi da "Abracadabra".[3][4] Ita ce babban jami'in Pinkline Films kuma ita ce ta kafa Pinkline Academy, shirin horar da fim.[5] == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Onyeagwalam ne a Jihar Legas, Najeriya . Ta shafe mafi yawan yarinta a Legas, inda ta kuma sami karatun sakandare. A cikin 2020, ta sami digiri na farko a fannin tattalin arziki daga Jami'ar Legas . Ta kuma kammala karatu a Kwalejin Fim ta London . == Ayyuka == Onyeagwalam ya fara aiki a kafofin watsa labarai na gani tun yana matashi. Koyaya, ta shiga masana'antar fina-finai da bidiyo a hukumance a cikin 2020. Ta tashi zuwa shahararriya bayan ta ba da umarnin bidiyon fim din "Running To You" na Chike wanda ke nuna [[Simisola Kosoko|Simi]] wanda ya zama bidiyon kiɗa da aka fi kallo a farkon rabin 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-20 |title=Chike's 'Running (To You)' Becomes Most Viewed Music Video in 2021 |url=https://notjustok.com/news/chikes-running-to-you-becomes-most-viewed-music-video-in-2021/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=NotjustOk |language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba 2021, ta samar da wani ɗan gajeren fim mai ban tsoro mai taken "Lady Koikoi" wanda ya dogara ne akan tarihin makarantar sakandare ta Najeriya "Madam Koikoi".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-26 |title=Watch 'Lady Koi Koi,' A Horror Short Film By Praise Onyeagwalam - BlueprintAfric |url=https://blueprintafric.com/news/watch-lady-koi-koi-a-horror-short-film-by-praise-onyeagwalam/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810225143/https://blueprintafric.com/news/watch-lady-koi-koi-a-horror-short-film-by-praise-onyeagwalam/ |archive-date=2023-08-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=YNaija |date=2023-04-17 |title=The Film Blog: 5 Brilliant Short Films You Should See on YouTube » YNaija |url=https://ynaija.com/5-brilliant-short-films-you-should-see-on-youtube/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=YNaija |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ta yi aiki tare da masu zane-zane a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban ciki har da [[Wizkid]], [[Lil Kesh]], Mercy Chinwo da sauransu. === Fim din Pinkline da Kwalejin Pinkline === Ta kafa Pinkline Films, kamfanin samar da kayayyaki na Legas wanda ke samar da bidiyon kiɗa, abun ciki mai alama, da gajeren fina-finai. Onyeagwalam ya kuma kafa Kwalejin Pinkline, shirin horar da fina-finai wanda aka haɓaka don horar da masu kirkirar Afirka masu tasowa, haɓaka ayyukan kirkirar mata da samar da ƙwarewar samarwa, jagoranci, da kuma samun damar masana'antu. == Hotunan bidiyo == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Taken waƙar !Mai zane |- | rowspan="9" |2025 |10 Kilo |[[Davido]] |- |Mbali |[[Yemi Alade]] |- |Summerdina |Babban Firist, Boypee da Zoro |- |Jumma'a da dare |Nasboi |- |Lokacin da Ka Ce Wani Abu |[[Mercy Chinwo|Rahama Chinwo]] |- |Odeshi |Timaya |- |Kai ne |[[Yemi Alade]] |- |Wanda ya tsira |Olivetheboy x [[Qing Madi]] |- |Saroje |Dera |- |2024 |Egwu |Chike ft [[MohBad|Mohbad]] |- | rowspan="14" |2023 |Tabbaci <ref>{{Cite web |last=TheTalkHive |date=2023-03-26 |title=Mercy Chinwo's Confidence Music Video A Depiction of Her Musical Journey? Cana by Seyi vibez |url=https://thetalkhive.com/mercy-chinwos-confidence-music-video-a-depiction-of-her-musical-journey/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=The Talk Hive |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810230731/https://thetalkhive.com/mercy-chinwos-confidence-music-video-a-depiction-of-her-musical-journey/ |archive-date=2023-08-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |[[Mercy Chinwo|Rahama Chinwo]] |- |Magana <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mudasiru |first=Wisdom |date=2023-03-15 |title=Chike and Oxlade Join Forces to Deliver Emotionally Charged "Spell (Remix)" |url=https://culturecustodian.com/chike-and-oxlade-join-forces-to-deliver-emotionally-charged-spell-remix/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=The Culture Custodian}}</ref> |Chike ft Oxlade |- |Barka da shi |DJ Neptune ft Ruger[[Ruger (musician)|Ragewa]] |- |Babu Sauran Yanayi |Rexxie ft [[Zinoleesky]] |- |Asiko |Rexxie ft Lojay |- |Abracadabra <ref>{{Cite web |last=Somto |first=Bisina |date=2023-04-02 |title=Abracadabra (Remix): See Rexxie, Wizkid In New Video |url=https://www.primebusiness.africa/abracadabra-remix-see-rexxie-wizkid-in-new-video/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=Prime Business Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> |[[Wizkid]], Skiibii, [[Naira Marley]] & Rexxie |- |Man fetur |[[Qing Madi]] ft [[Daniel Etiese Benson (Bnxn)|BNXN]] (Fka Buju) |- |Ego Oyibo <ref>{{Cite web |last=FAB.NG |date=2023-07-26 |title=New Video: Chiké – Ego Oyibo Directed by Director Pink - Fab Magazine |url=https://fab.ng/2023/07/chike-ego-oyibo-fab-ng-2/,%20https://fab.ng/2023/07/chike-ego-oyibo-fab-ng-2/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |language=en-US}}</ref> |Chike |- |Ovami <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-05-23 |title=#MUSICVID: Rich Nigerian Culture Is Well Exhibited In Oxlade & Flavour's New Hit Song 'OVAMI' - Fashion GHANA |url=https://www.fashionghana.com/site/oxlade-flavour-ovami-nigerian-culture-video/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |language=en-US}}</ref> |Oxlade ft dandano[[Flavour (mawaƙi)|Jin daɗi]] |- |Baƙo |[[Simisola Kosoko|Simi]] |- |Jin ban dariya |[[Lil Kesh]] ft [[Young Jonn|Matashi John]] |- |Dukkanin Idanu a kaina |[[Niniola]] |- |Har ila yau, guda |Harmonize ft Ruger[[Ruger (musician)|Ragewa]] |- |Kulawa |Sound |- | rowspan="13" |2022 |Abincin safe |Ugoccie ft Phyno |- |Da wuya a samu |Chike ft dandano[[Flavour (mawaƙi)|Jin daɗi]] |- |Zaman Lafiya |Brown Joel |- |Nwoke Oma <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-17 |title=Chiké Delves Deeper Inwards and Preaches Reality in Visuals for "Nwoke Oma" - Afrocritik |url=https://www.afrocritik.com/chike-delves-deeper-inwards-and-preaches-reality-in-visuals-for-nwoke-oma/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |language=en}}</ref> |Chike |- |Yin niƙa |DJ Neptune ft S1mba |- |Ya riga ya ci nasara <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwangwu |first=Adaora |date=2022-07-01 |title=Dunnie Debuts Music Video For New Single 'Already Won' Featuring Chike |url=https://culturecustodian.com/dunnie-debuts-music-video-for-new-single-already-won-featuring-chike/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-GB}}</ref> |Dunnie ft Chike |- |Nack |Mai warkarwa |- |WYD <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-12 |title=Watch Killertunes In Visuals For "WYD" |url=https://jukeboxmusic.com.ng/watch-killertunes-in-visuals-for-wyd/,%20https://jukeboxmusic.com.ng/watch-killertunes-in-visuals-for-wyd/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=Jukebox Music |language=en-GB}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |Killertunes |- |Hosanna |Masterkraft ft Chike |- |Bi ka |Fiokee ft Gyakie & Chike |- |Chi Efo <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tv |first=Bn |date=2022-05-17 |title=New Video: J'Dess feat. The Cavemen, Waje, Selebobo, Chigurl, Zoro & Loud Urban Choir – Chi Efo |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2022/05/music-video-jdess-chi-efo/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |website= |language=en-US}}</ref> |J'dess ft Cavemen, [[Waje]], [[Chigul]], [[Selebobo]], Zoro & Loud Choir |- |Medusa<ref>{{Cite web |last=Okim |first=Itty |date=2022-10-19 |title=Layzee Ella References Art in Stunning "Medusa" Video ft. Khaid Directed by Pink |url=https://digimillennials.com/press-releases/layzee-ella-references-art-in-stunning-new-medusa-video-ft-khaid/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |language=en-US}}</ref> |Layzee Ella ft [[Khaid]] |- |Mugun Ra'ayi |TAR1Q |- | rowspan="4" |2021 |Mai haɗari |Cibiyar [[Ayra Starr]] |- |Ɗan Ɗan Ɗaya |Ric Hassani |- |Domin Kai |[[Chidinma|Chidinma Ekile]] |- |Daidaitawa |B2C Uganda |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |Ba ku son ni |Chike ft [[Mayorkun]] |- |Gudun Gudu Ganuwa<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2021-02-12 |title=Chike unveils cinematic video for 'Running (To You)' feat. Simi {{!}} WATCH VIDEO! |url=https://notjustok.com/videos/chike-simi-running-to-you-video/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=NotjustOk |language=en-US}}</ref> |Chike ft [[Simisola Kosoko|Simi]] |- | |Filomena |Marxii |- | |Roju |Chike |} {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani |- |2021 |Lady Koi Koi |Mai gabatarwa |Gajeren fim |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2025 |Headies |Bidiyo na Kiɗa na Shekara "Egwu" - Darakta Pink |Shi da kansa|{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Headies Award 2025 winners full list: Davido, Odumodu BLVCK, Tems, Rema and odas wey win for di 17th edition |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/c62je7k97nro.amp |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> |- |2024 |Kyautar Kiɗa ta TurnTable |Kyakkyawan Nasarar Gudanarwa don Bidiyo na Kiɗa |Shi da kansa|{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The TurnTable 2024 Music Awards |url=https://www.turntablecharts.com/magazine/6th/134 |access-date=2 April 2025 |website=TurnTable Charts |publisher=TurnTable}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2023 |Headies |Bidiyo mafi kyau na kiɗa |Magana|{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-12 |title=Headies Award 2023 nominees list: Asake, Burna Boy, Tiwa Savage plus odas wey make di list |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/c06e8prrgm2o |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> |- |AFRIMMA |Darakta Mafi Kyawun Bidiyo |__|{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-08 |title=AFRIMMA Awards 2023 Nominees : The Complete List Notjustok |url=https://notjustok.com/eastafrica/awards/afrimma-awards-2023-nominees/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=Latest East African & Bongo Flava Music, Songs & Video - Notjustok |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2022 |Headies |Bidiyo mafi kyau na kiɗa |Roju|{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aderoju |first=Darlene |date=2022-07-27 |title=Wizkid Leads 2022 Headies Awards Nominees: See Complete List |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/headies-awards-2022-nominations-1235118266/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-24 |title=#15thHeadies: Meji Alabi, TG Omori, Others Nominated For Best Music Video {{!}} SEE LIST |url=https://notjustok.com/news/15thheadies-best-music-video-nomination/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=NotjustOk |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |AFRIMMA |Bidiyo mafi kyau na kiɗa |Mace-mace Oma|{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Here Are All the Winners at the AFRIMA Awards - Okayplayer |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/afrima-awards-winners-list/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=www.okayafrica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-16 |title=#AFRIMA8: Here Is The Full List Of Winners At The AFRIMA Awards 2023 |url=https://notjustok.com/news/the-full-list-of-winners-at-the-afrima-awards-2023/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=NotjustOk |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |Kyautar Kiɗa ta Galaxy |Daraktan Bidiyo na Shekara |__|{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=#GMA22: Official Nomination List and Voting Link, Out Now! – The GMAs |url=https://galaxymusicawards.com/gma22-official-nomination-list-and-voting-link-out-now/ |access-date=2023-08-09 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810225143/https://galaxymusicawards.com/gma22-official-nomination-list-and-voting-link-out-now/ |archive-date=2023-08-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |} == Dubi kuma == * Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya == Manazara == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] so295v738xrjbzlldujfqej70sdlo7s 0 144148 975111 826319 2026-11-02T04:49:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Danielle Marie-Madeleine Jorre de St Jorre''' (30 Satumba 1941 &#x2013; 25 Fabrairu 1997) 'yar siyasa ce [[Seychelles|ta ƙasar Seychelles]].<ref>[http://www.africaintelligence.com/ION/who-s-who/1997/03/01/alain-butler-payette%2C42063-ART-login ALAIN BUTLER-PAYETTE] AfricaIntelligence.com</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seychellesnewsagency.com/articles|title=Seychelles News Agency|website=www.seychellesnewsagency.com|access-date=2018-05-23}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ta kasance ministan harkokin waje na Seychelles a ƙarƙashin Shugaba Faransa-Albert René daga shekarun 1989 har zuwa rasuwarta a shekarar 1997. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Seychelles News Agency |url=http://www.seychellesnewsagency.com/articles |access-date=2018-05-23 |website=www.seychellesnewsagency.com }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Danielle de St Jorre malamar makaranta ce ta sana'a kuma ƙwararriyar masaniyar harshe.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.seychellesnewsagency.com/articles/3991|title='Pioneer in the promotion of the Creole language' honoured in Seychelles - sculpture of Danielle Jorre de St Jorre unveiled|last=Fardial and Uranie|first=Fabienne and Sharon|date=October 30, 2015|access-date=March 8, 2026|archive-date=October 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021181432/http://www.seychellesnewsagency.com/articles/3991|url-status=dead}}</ref> An san ta a matsayin wacce ta fara haɓaka harshen Creole. An san sha'awarta da ƙudurinta na tabbatar da ci gaban harshen [[Seychelles Creole|Seychellois Creole]] a ƙasar tsibirin Tekun Indiya. Danielle de St Jorre ta kasance Ministar Harkokin Waje, Muhalli da Yawon Buɗe Ido ta Jamhuriyar Seychelles kuma memba ce a Hukumar Gudanarwa ta Cibiyar Tekun Duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=THE INTERNATIONAL OCEAN INSTITUTE announces the DANIELLE DE ST. JORRE SCHOLARSHIP |url=http://internationaloceaninstitute.dal.ca/DDSJS_2017.pdf}}</ref> A shekarar 2015, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ware Ranar Creole ta Duniya a ranar 28 ga watan Oktoba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://internationaloceaninstitute.dal.ca/DDSJS_2017.pdf|title=THE INTERNATIONAL OCEAN INSTITUTE announces the DANIELLE DE ST. JORRE SCHOLARSHIP}}</ref> An karrama Danielle de St Jorre saboda aikinta na ganin harshen Creole da al'adunsa sun kai matsayin da yake a yau. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Travel Media |url=http://www.eglobaltravelmedia.com.au/ |access-date=2018-05-23 |website=Global Travel Media |language=en-US}}</ref> Creole tana ɗaya daga cikin harsuna uku na hukuma a Seychelles. Faransa da Birtaniya sun yi mulkin mallaka a Seychelles a lokuta daban-daban, daga ƙarshe Seychelles ta ɗauki Faransanci da Ingilishi tare da Creole a matsayin harsuna uku na hukuma. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Seychelles News Agency |url=http://www.seychellesnewsagency.com |access-date=2018-05-23 |website=www.seychellesnewsagency.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521233032/http://www.seychellesnewsagency.com/ |archive-date=2018-05-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka Seychelles Kreol kuma ta taimaka wajen haɓaka haɗin gwiwa da mutanen da ke magana da Creole. Ta shirya makon Creole a shekarar 1982. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Travel Media |url=http://www.eglobaltravelmedia.com.au |access-date=2018-05-23 |website=Global Travel Media |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1943]] iwxcwkpvii96pfxaadtmry6hhz4l8vo 0 146245 974902 812062 2026-11-01T16:18:17Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Harshen Shatt''' yare ne na Daju na dangin Daju na Gabas wanda Mutanen Shatt ke magana a cikin Shatt Hills (wani ɓangare na Dutsen Nuba) kudu maso yammacin Kaduqli a lardin Kordofan ta Kudu a kudancin [[Sudan]] . Ƙauyuka sune Shatt Daman, Shatt Safia, da Shatt Tebeldia (Ethnologue, 22nd edition). == Sunayen == Sunan "Shatt" kalma ce ta Larabci da ke nufin "waduwa" kuma ana amfani da ita ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban a cikin Dutsen Nuba. "Caning" shine sunansu na kansu, ana kiransu da endonym, yayin da "Shatt" ana daukar shi a matsayin exonym saboda rubutun waje. Masu magana suna magana da yarensu a matsayin cum caning ('baki, harshe'). == Fasahar sauti == === Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="2" | !Labari !Alveolar !Palatal !Velar !Gishiri |- ! colspan="2" |Hanci |m |n |ɲ |ŋ | |- ! rowspan="3" |Plosive !{{Small|voiceless}} |p |t |c |k | (ʔ) |- !{{Small|voiced}} |b |d |ɟ |g | |- !{{Small|[[Implosive consonant|implosive]]}} |ɓ |ɗ |Sanya | | |- ! rowspan="2" |Fricative !{{Small|voiceless}} |f |s | |x |h |- !{{Small|voiced}} | |z | | | |- ! colspan="2" |Rhotic | |r | | | |- ! colspan="2" |Kusanci |w |l |j | | |} * /x/ na iya bambanta tsakanin sautunan fricative na velar [x] ko uvular [χ]. * Har ila yau, dakatarwar ƙuƙwalwa [ʔ] na iya faruwa, kawai a cikin matsayi na intervocalic. === Sautin sautin === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! !A gaba !Tsakiya !Komawa |- align="center" !Kusa |i | |u |- !Tsakanin |da kuma |ə |o |- align="center" !Bude | |a | |} * /ə/ an tashe shi a matsayin [ə] . * Ana iya jin sauti /e, o/ a matsayin [ɛ, ɔ].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Alfira |first=David Abbi |last2=Kafi |first2=Timothy Kuku |last3=Kaki |first3=Hassan Kuwa |last4=Hasan |first4=Ali Alaliim |last5=Anjo |first5=Anjo Kuku |last6=Jas |first6=Dayan Kuku |last7=Sarukh |first7=Sadik Kafi |year=2017 |title=Caning Consonant and Vowel Book |url=https://www.webonary.org/caning/files/CaningConsonantVoweliBookNov17.pdf |website=Webonary Caning Dictionary |publisher=Sudan Workshop Programme, Development and Literacy Partners International |place=South Sudan |publication-place=Yida}}</ref> == Harshen haruffa == Harshen ya ƙunshi haruffa 27, <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Alfira |first=David Abbi |last2=Kafi |first2=Timothy Kuku |last3=Kaki |first3=Hassan Kuwa |last4=Hasan |first4=Ali Alaliim |last5=Anjo |first5=Anjo Kuku |last6=Jas |first6=Dayan Kuku |last7=Sarukh |first7=Sadik Kafi |year=2017 |title=Caning Consonant and Vowel Book |url=https://www.webonary.org/caning/files/CaningConsonantVoweliBookNov17.pdf |website=Webonary Caning Dictionary |publisher=Sudan Workshop Programme, Development and Literacy Partners International |place=South Sudan |publication-place=Yida}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-location-test" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAlfiraKafiKakiHasan2017">Alfira, David Abbi; Kafi, Timothy Kuku; Kaki, Hassan Kuwa; Hasan, Ali Alaliim; Anjo, Anjo Kuku; Jas, Dayan Kuku; Sarukh, Sadik Kafi (2017). Written at South Sudan. [https://www.webonary.org/caning/files/CaningConsonantVoweliBookNov17.pdf "Caning Consonant and Vowel Book"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Webonary Caning Dictionary''. Yida: Sudan Workshop Programme, Development and Literacy Partners International.</cite> [[Category:CS1 location test]]</ref> waɗanda aka nuna a cikin teburin da ke ƙasa tare da wasikar da ta dace daga jadawalin Harshen Harshen Duniya. {| class="wikitable" !IPA |[a] |[Inda Aka] |[ɓ] |[c] |[d] |[ɗ] | |[f] |[g] |[I][i] |[Ya'yan ita] |[k] |[l] |[m] |[n] |[ŋ] |[ɲ] |[Ya] |[p] |[r] |[s] |[t] |[u] |[w] |[x] |[j] |[z] |- !Babban Shari'a |[[A]] |Ä |[[B]] |[[C]] |[[D]] |ꞌD |[[E]] |[[F]] |[[G]] |[[I|Na]] |[[J]] |[[K]] |[[L]] |[[M]] |[[N]] |Ng |Babu |[[O]] |[[P]] |[[R]] |[[S]] |[[T]] |[[U]] |[[W]] |[[X]] |[[Y]] |[[Z]] |- !Ƙananan Shari'a |a |A. |b |c |d |ꞌd |da kuma |f |g |i |j |k |l |m |n |ng |ny |o |p |r |s |t |u |w |x |da kuma |z |} == Harshen harshe == Harshen da ke cikin wannan ɓangaren ya dogara ne akan littafin Caning Grammar Book (Na biyu na 2017). <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Alfira |first=David Abbi |last2=Kafi |first2=Timothy Kuku |last3=Kaki |first3=Hassan Kuwa |last4=Hasan |first4=Ali Alaliim |last5=Anjo |first5=Anjo Kuku |last6=Jas |first6=Dayan Kuku |last7=Sarukh |first7=Sadik Kafi |year=2017 |title=Caning Grammar Book |url=https://www.webonary.org/caning/files/CaningGrammarBookNov17.pdf |website=Webonary Caning Dictionary |publisher=Sudan Workshop Program, Development and Literacy Partners International |place=South Sudan |publication-place=Yida}}</ref> === Yanayin Yanayi === === Nau'o'in Kalmomi === {| class="wikitable" |+Nau'o'in Kalmomi na Caning <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Alfira |first=David Abbi |last2=Kafi |first2=Timothy Kuku |last3=Kaki |first3=Hassan Kuwa |last4=Hasan |first4=Ali Alaliim |last5=Anjo |first5=Anjo Kuku |last6=Jas |first6=Dayan Kuku |last7=Sarukh |first7=Sadik Kafi |year=2017 |title=Caning Grammar Book |url=https://www.webonary.org/caning/files/CaningGrammarBookNov17.pdf |website=Webonary Caning Dictionary |publisher=Sudan Workshop Program, Development and Literacy Partners International |place=South Sudan |pages=12–13 |publication-place=Yida}}</ref> !Irin wannan !Misali !Fassara |- !Sunan suna |'''Kig''' kasiy ya riga ya yi.'''Ya riga ya zama.''' |'''Mutumin''' ya ci '''nama'''. |- !Kalma |Kig kasiy ya riga ya yi. |Mutum '''Ka ci''' nama. |- !Gabatarwa |Kig kasiy ya tä pumpung. |Mutum ya ci nama '''a cikin''' daji. |- !Wurin da yake |Kig kasiy ya '''tagä''' pa. |Mutum ya ci nama '''a gaban''' gidan. |- !Wakilin suna |Ma'a'''Na''' yanzu. |Ya ci nama. |- !Adjective |Kig kasiy yana '''apo'''. |Mutum ya ci nama '''mai kyau'''. |- !Adadin |Kig kasiy ya '''kä'day'''. |Mutum '''Ka ci''' dukkan nama. |- !Adadin |Kig kasiy aska '''kodos'''. |Mutum ya ci kifi '''uku'''. |- !Adverb |Kig kasiy ya riga ya '''kai'''. |Mutum ya ci nama '''da sauri'''. |- !Tambaya Kalmar |'''Xänang''' kasiy ya riga ya kasance? |'''Wanene''' ya ci nama? |- !Haɗin kai |'''Ndä''' kig kasiy ya riga ya. |'''Sa'an nan kuma''' mutum ya ci nama. |} === Sunaye === Wani suna a cikin Caning "zai iya zama mutum, dabba, wuri, abu, ko ra'ayi".<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Alfira |first=David Abbi |last2=Kafi |first2=Timothy Kuku |last3=Kaki |first3=Hassan Kuwa |last4=Hasan |first4=Ali Alaliim |last5=Anjo |first5=Anjo Kuku |last6=Jas |first6=Dayan Kuku |last7=Sarukh |first7=Sadik Kafi |year=2017 |title=Caning Grammar Book |url=https://www.webonary.org/caning/files/CaningGrammarBookNov17.pdf |website=Webonary Caning Dictionary |publisher=Sudan Workshop Program, Development and Literacy Partners International |place=South Sudan |pages=12–13 |publication-place=Yida}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-location-test" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAlfiraKafiKakiHasan2017">Alfira, David Abbi; Kafi, Timothy Kuku; Kaki, Hassan Kuwa; Hasan, Ali Alaliim; Anjo, Anjo Kuku; Jas, Dayan Kuku; Sarukh, Sadik Kafi (2017). Written at South Sudan. [https://www.webonary.org/caning/files/CaningGrammarBookNov17.pdf "Caning Grammar Book"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Webonary Caning Dictionary''. Yida: Sudan Workshop Program, Development and Literacy Partners International. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">12–</span>13.</cite> [[Category:CS1 location test]]</ref> ==== Ɗaya da yawa ==== Ana gina jam'i a cikin Caning ta hanyoyi daban-daban guda uku: # Ta hanyar ƙara ma'anar zuwa mutum ɗaya. # Ta hanyar ƙara ma'anar zuwa jam'i. # Ta hanyar ƙara ma'anar duka biyun, nau'i ɗaya da jam'i. {| class="wikitable" |+Suffixes: Singular da Plural <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Alfira |first=David Abbi |last2=Kafi |first2=Timothy Kuku |last3=Kaki |first3=Hassan Kuwa |last4=Hasan |first4=Ali Alaliim |last5=Anjo |first5=Anjo Kuku |last6=Jas |first6=Dayan Kuku |last7=Sarukh |first7=Sadik Kafi |year=2017 |title=Caning Grammar Book |url=https://www.webonary.org/caning/files/CaningGrammarBookNov17.pdf |website=Webonary Caning Dictionary |publisher=Sudan Workshop Program, Development and Literacy Partners International |place=South Sudan |pages=12–13 |publication-place=Yida}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-location-test" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAlfiraKafiKakiHasan2017">Alfira, David Abbi; Kafi, Timothy Kuku; Kaki, Hassan Kuwa; Hasan, Ali Alaliim; Anjo, Anjo Kuku; Jas, Dayan Kuku; Sarukh, Sadik Kafi (2017). Written at South Sudan. [https://www.webonary.org/caning/files/CaningGrammarBookNov17.pdf "Caning Grammar Book"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Webonary Caning Dictionary''. Yida: Sudan Workshop Program, Development and Literacy Partners International. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">12–</span>13.</cite> [[Category:CS1 location test]]</ref> !Suffix S/P !Tushen !Mai banbanci !Yawancin mutane !Fassara |- |'''-ic / -''' |Ushi |ux'''ic''' |Ushi |tsutsotsi (s) |- |'''- / -iny''' |axis |axis |ax'''iny''' |hutun (s) |- |'''-ic / -iny''' |cin nasara- |win'''ic''' |win'''iny''' |gaggafa (s) |} Lokacin da aka kara ma'anar guda ɗaya kawai kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin tsari ɗaya, nau'in jam'i bai canza ba. {| class="wikitable" |+Mafi yawan Singular Suffixes !Suffix !Mai banbanci !Yawancin mutane !Fassara |- |'''-c''' / |bebec |shan giya |igiya |- |'''-dic, -tic'''/ |Galdiki |gäl |kwai |- |'''-wec''' / |ngaluwec |ngalu |kararrawa |- |'''-wic''' / |kadasuwic |kadasu |tushe |} Ga na biyu don, lokacin da aka ƙara ma'anar jam'i kawai, nau'in guda ɗaya bai canza ba. {| class="wikitable" |+Wasu Suffxes na yau da kullun !Suffix !Mai banbanci !Yawancin mutane !Fassara |- |/ '''-u''' |Ushi |uxu'''u''' |mata |- |/ '''-da, -ta''' |oxay |oxay'''da''' |Dabbobi |- |/ '''-di, -ti''' |bul |bul'''di''' |drums |- |/ daga, -te'''-de, -te''' |Jan |Tsarin mulki'''daga''' |Shekaru |} Wasu alamu suna faruwa a nau'i-nau'i don nau'ikan guda ɗaya da jam'i-iri, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin nau'i uku. {| class="wikitable" |+Suffiti biyu !Biyu !Mai banbanci !Yawancin mutane !Fassara |- |'''-ic / -iny''' |win'''ic''' |win'''iny''' |gaggafa (s) |- |'''-ic / -u''' |bany'''ic''' |Ya kuma'''u''' |haske (s) |- |'''-wan/-wan''' |penäwan'''wan wan''' |penggäwan'''wan wan''' |ɗa (s) |- |'''-x/-ny''' |oso'''x''' |oso'''ny''' |zaki (s) |- |'''-d/ -nu''' |''''d'''<nowiki/>' |'Dawunu''''tsirara''' |nau'in kifi |} Akwai banbanci ga doka, misali kalmomin da ke canza tsari, suna da ɗan gajeren jam'i fiye da nau'i ɗaya ko babu nau'i-nau'i ko jam'i kwata-kwata. Wasu sunaye suna faruwa ne kawai a matsayin jam'i, misali sunayen da ba a iya lissafawa ba waɗanda ke nufin taro ko ruwa: {| class="wikitable" |+Misali: Sunaye masu yawa kawai ! colspan="2" |Mai banbanci ! colspan="2" |Yawancin mutane |- |/ |/ |mem/mmem |madara |- |/ |/ |Ma/ma |ruwa |- |/ |/ |zäg/zik |ƙasa, ƙasa |} === Wakilan sunaye === {| class="wikitable" |+Ma'anar Jiki da Abubuwa <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Alfira |first=David Abbi |last2=Kafi |first2=Timothy Kuku |last3=Kaki |first3=Hassan Kuwa |last4=Hasan |first4=Ali Alaliim |last5=Anjo |first5=Anjo Kuku |last6=Jas |first6=Dayan Kuku |last7=Sarukh |first7=Sadik Kafi |year=2017 |title=Caning Grammar Book |url=https://www.webonary.org/caning/files/CaningGrammarBookNov17.pdf |website=Caning Grammar Book |publisher=Sudan Workshop Program, Development and Literacy Partners International |place=South Sudan |pages=36–40 |publication-place=Yida}}</ref> ! ! colspan="2" |Mai banbanci ! colspan="2" |Yawancin mutane |- | rowspan="2" |'''Mutum na farko''' | rowspan="2" |Agä | rowspan="2" |Na |Ya kasance |Mu (ba kai ba) |- |Kog |Mu (da ku) |- |'''Mutum na biyu''' |gi |Kai |Rashin tausayi |Kai |- | rowspan="3" |'''Mutum na Uku''' |na |Shi ne | rowspan="3" |Sa | rowspan="3" |Su |- |wannan |Ita |- |Nya |Yana da |} Yana da mahimmanci cewa Caning yana da nau'o'i biyu na wakilin "mu" (1st mutum jam'i) wanda za'a iya rarrabe shi ta hanyar kiran su hadawa da kuma na musamman. Ɗaya daga cikin -mu - ba ku ba) ɗayan kuma '''-kog''' (mu - da ku). Wannan bambanci kuma an yi shi tare da mai shi da kuma sunayen masu mallakar mu / mu (s). ==== Ma'anar mai shi ==== Wakilan mai mallaka na iya maye gurbin mai mallaka (apang = mutum) a cikin jumlar da ke ƙasa. "Kig kasax axä yap. Mutum ya ki '''hutun mutum.''' Kig kasax ax'''ang'''. Mutum ya ki hutu'''na'''. "<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Alfira |first=David Abbi |last2=Kafi |first2=Timothy Kuku |last3=Kaki |first3=Hassan Kuwa |last4=Hasan |first4=Ali Alaliim |last5=Anjo |first5=Anjo Kuku |last6=Jas |first6=Dayan Kuku |last7=Sarukh |first7=Sadik Kafi |year=2017 |title=Caning Grammar Book |url=https://www.webonary.org/caning/files/CaningGrammarBookNov17.pdf |website=Caning Grammar Book |publisher=Sudan Workshop Program, Development and Literacy Partners International |place=South Sudan |pages=36–40 |publication-place=Yida}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-location-test" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAlfiraKafiKakiHasan2017">Alfira, David Abbi; Kafi, Timothy Kuku; Kaki, Hassan Kuwa; Hasan, Ali Alaliim; Anjo, Anjo Kuku; Jas, Dayan Kuku; Sarukh, Sadik Kafi (2017). Written at South Sudan. [https://www.webonary.org/caning/files/CaningGrammarBookNov17.pdf "Caning Grammar Book"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Caning Grammar Book''. Yida: Sudan Workshop Program, Development and Literacy Partners International. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">36–</span>40.</cite> [[Category:CS1 location test]]</ref> (ax = hutun) {| class="wikitable" |+Ma'anar mai shi <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Alfira |first=David Abbi |last2=Kafi |first2=Timothy Kuku |last3=Kaki |first3=Hassan Kuwa |last4=Hasan |first4=Ali Alaliim |last5=Anjo |first5=Anjo Kuku |last6=Jas |first6=Dayan Kuku |last7=Sarukh |first7=Sadik Kafi |year=2017 |title=Caning Grammar Book |url=https://www.webonary.org/caning/files/CaningGrammarBookNov17.pdf |website=Caning Grammar Book |publisher=Sudan Workshop Program, Development and Literacy Partners International |place=South Sudan |pages=36–40 |publication-place=Yida}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-location-test" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAlfiraKafiKakiHasan2017">Alfira, David Abbi; Kafi, Timothy Kuku; Kaki, Hassan Kuwa; Hasan, Ali Alaliim; Anjo, Anjo Kuku; Jas, Dayan Kuku; Sarukh, Sadik Kafi (2017). Written at South Sudan. [https://www.webonary.org/caning/files/CaningGrammarBookNov17.pdf "Caning Grammar Book"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Caning Grammar Book''. Yida: Sudan Workshop Program, Development and Literacy Partners International. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">36–</span>40.</cite> [[Category:CS1 location test]]</ref> !Mai shi !Caning !Mai banbanci !Yawancin mutane !Fassara |- |na | -ang |axang |axinygang |Gidan ni |- |ka (sg) | -ägi |axägi |axinygägi |hutun ku (sg) |- |nasa | -Idan nan |Aikin da za a yi amfani da shi |Aikin da za a yi amfani da shi |hutunsa |- |ta | -Ace |axäce |axinygäce |hutun ta |- |ta | -änya |axgänya |axinygänya |hutun ta |- |namu ''' (ba naka ba) ''' | -äsko |axäsko |axinygäsko |hutunmu (ba hutun ku ba) |- |namu ''' (da naka) ''' | -og |axog |axinygog |mu (da hutun ku) |- |ka (pl) | -Ago |axägo |axinygägo |hutun ku |- |su | -Asa |axäsa |axinygäsa |hutunsu |} ==== Sunayen mallaka ==== Sunayen mallaka na iya maye gurbin sunaye. Ta hanyar amfani da wannan misali, bambancin tsakanin mai mallaka da sunayen mallaka sun zama a bayyane. "Kig kasax axä yap. Mutum ya ki '''hutun mutum.''' Kig '''nasa''' da kuma. Mutum ya ki amincewa da shi. "<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Alfira |first=David Abbi |last2=Kafi |first2=Timothy Kuku |last3=Kaki |first3=Hassan Kuwa |last4=Hasan |first4=Ali Alaliim |last5=Anjo |first5=Anjo Kuku |last6=Jas |first6=Dayan Kuku |last7=Sarukh |first7=Sadik Kafi |year=2017 |title=Caning Grammar Book |url=https://www.webonary.org/caning/files/CaningGrammarBookNov17.pdf |website=Caning Grammar Book |publisher=Sudan Workshop Program, Development and Literacy Partners International |place=South Sudan |pages=36–40 |publication-place=Yida}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-location-test" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAlfiraKafiKakiHasan2017">Alfira, David Abbi; Kafi, Timothy Kuku; Kaki, Hassan Kuwa; Hasan, Ali Alaliim; Anjo, Anjo Kuku; Jas, Dayan Kuku; Sarukh, Sadik Kafi (2017). Written at South Sudan. [https://www.webonary.org/caning/files/CaningGrammarBookNov17.pdf "Caning Grammar Book"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Caning Grammar Book''. Yida: Sudan Workshop Program, Development and Literacy Partners International. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">36–</span>40.</cite> [[Category:CS1 location test]]</ref> (ax = hutun) Dukkanin sunayen da ke ƙasa na iya ɗaukar wurin инструanggo a cikin jumlar da ke sama. {| class="wikitable" |+Sunayen mallaka <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Alfira |first=David Abbi |last2=Kafi |first2=Timothy Kuku |last3=Kaki |first3=Hassan Kuwa |last4=Hasan |first4=Ali Alaliim |last5=Anjo |first5=Anjo Kuku |last6=Jas |first6=Dayan Kuku |last7=Sarukh |first7=Sadik Kafi |year=2017 |title=Caning Grammar Book |url=https://www.webonary.org/caning/files/CaningGrammarBookNov17.pdf |website=Caning Grammar Book |publisher=Sudan Workshop Program, Development and Literacy Partners International |place=South Sudan |pages=36–40 |publication-place=Yida}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-location-test" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAlfiraKafiKakiHasan2017">Alfira, David Abbi; Kafi, Timothy Kuku; Kaki, Hassan Kuwa; Hasan, Ali Alaliim; Anjo, Anjo Kuku; Jas, Dayan Kuku; Sarukh, Sadik Kafi (2017). Written at South Sudan. [https://www.webonary.org/caning/files/CaningGrammarBookNov17.pdf "Caning Grammar Book"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Caning Grammar Book''. Yida: Sudan Workshop Program, Development and Literacy Partners International. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">36–</span>40.</cite> [[Category:CS1 location test]]</ref> !Caning !Wakilin suna |- |nanggä |nawa |- |nänggi |naka (sg) |- |Kayan aiki |nasa |- |Yin amfani da shi |nata |- |Aiki ne kawai |ta |- |näskonga |namu (mu, ba kai ba) |- |nänokanga |namu (mu da kai) |- |nänggonga |naka (pl) |- |näsanga |nasu |} Lambobin tsakiya, misali 785 an gina su '' (kuma) '' Ingilishi, daga gaba '' (kuma) '' ƙarshe: udiny mädäginy paxtänding ''(700)'' wang (da) udiny daplyed ''(80)'' wang (da kuma) mädäg ''(5)''. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Alfira |first=David Abbi |last2=Kafi |first2=Timothy Kuku |last3=Kaki |first3=Hassan Kuwa |last4=Hasan |first4=Ali Alaliim |last5=Anjo |first5=Anjo Kuku |last6=Jas |first6=Dayan Kuku |last7=Sarukh |first7=Sadik Kafi |year=2017 |title=Caning Grammar Book |url=https://www.webonary.org/caning/files/CaningGrammarBookNov17.pdf |website=Webonary Caning Dictionary |publisher=Sudan Workshop Program, Development and Literacy Partners International |place=South Sudan |pages=122–123 |publication-place=Yida}}</ref> ==== Lambobin yau da kullun ==== Tebur mai zuwa yana nuna yadda ake gina lambobi na yau da kullun. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4xsmg5xlyb5vn4ivc94ofhqf1ofz4wn 0 146991 975122 817022 2026-11-02T06:07:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975122 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}}'''Dayangku Najibah Eradah binti Pengiran Ahmad Mahdi Al-Sufri''' (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga Mayu 1983), wacce aka fi sani da '''<nowiki/>'Yar Polar ta Brunei''', <ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2016-02-29 |title=Dk Najibah Eradah |url=https://inspirebn.wordpress.com/dk-najibah-eradah/ |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=YES Inspire {{!}} Magazines |language=en}}</ref> [[Malami|malamar makaranta]] ce kuma mai rajin kare muhalli, wacce ita ce 'yar [[Brunei|asalin Brunei]] ta farko da ta isa Kudancin Pole .<ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2016-02-29 |title=Dk Najibah Eradah |url=https://inspirebn.wordpress.com/dk-najibah-eradah/ |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=YES Inspire {{!}} Magazines |language=en}}</ref> == Tafiyar Kudancin Koriya == An zaɓi Era da wasu mata bakwai, kowannensu daga wata ƙasa daban ta Commonwealth, daga cikin 'yan takara sama da 800 don shiga cikin Kaspersky Commonwealth Antarctic Expedition, wanda ya isa Kudancin Pole a ranar 29 ga Disamba 2009. Da take bayyana shigarta cikin wannan balaguron, ta ce: "Ina da sha'awar batutuwan muhalli kuma ina fatan amfani da shigara cikin balaguron don wayar da kan jama'a game da [[Canjin yanayi|ɗumamar yanayi]] da [[Canjin yanayi|sauyin yanayi]] a Brunei". Kafofin watsa labaran Brunei sun bayyana nasarar da ta samu a matsayin "rana mai tarihi ga Brunei kuma rana ce mai muhimmanci ga matan Sultanate". Saiful Ibrahim, Mataimakiyar Shugabar Ƙungiyar Nishaɗin Kasada ta Brunei, ta bayyana ta a matsayin "alama ga dukkan 'yan Brunei, musamman ga mata da matasanmu". Ta shahara a Brunei a matsayin "Yarinyar Polar". 'Yar kasuwa 'yar Brunei Halina Taib ta shiga tsakani don ɗaukar nauyin tafiyar, bayan da aka sami matsalolin kuɗi. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Mahaifin Era, Pengiran Ahmad Mahdi Al-Sufri, ɗan gidan sarauta ne mai nisa, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2016-02-29 |title=Dk Najibah Eradah |url=https://inspirebn.wordpress.com/dk-najibah-eradah/ |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=YES Inspire {{!}} Magazines |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://inspirebn.wordpress.com/dk-najibah-eradah/ "Dk Najibah Eradah"]. ''YES Inspire | Magazines''. 29 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> yayin da mahaifiyarta, Pengiran Hajah Basmillah binti Pengiran Haji Abbas, jami'ar diflomasiyya ce. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-03-17 |title=Royal audience to Brunei envoys |url=http://sultanate.com/news_server/2006/17_mar_1.html |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=sultanate.com}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, tana da kawu da kakanta waɗanda ke da alaƙa ta kud da kud da dangin sarauta; su ne Pengiran Anak Idris da Pengiran Anak Kemaluddin . Era, wacce ta kasance malamar [[lissafi]] a makarantar sakandare, ta zama jami'ar gwamnati a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje da Ciniki ta Brunei . == Ganewa da kyaututtuka == * Kyawun Kyauta ga Matasa (2010) <ref>{{Cite web |title=HARIBELIA - penerima-anugerah |url=http://www.hbk.gov.bn/SitePages/penerima-anugerah.aspx |access-date=2023-07-17 |website=www.hbk.gov.bn |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206135408/http://www.hbk.gov.bn/SitePages/penerima-anugerah.aspx |archive-date=2024-12-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Takardar kankara ta Antarctic == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]] 3tvsoattm703gxng7froyw43r251zzd 0 149172 975058 829875 2026-11-01T23:05:09Z Salma Raddah 45959 975058 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{Databox}} '''Mischa Boelens''' (an haife ta a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu 1995) tsohuwar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ']] yar ƙasar Curaçao wadda ke buga wasa a matsayin 'yar [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya ta dama]] . Yana kuma da takardar zama ɗan ƙasar [[Holand|Holland]] .<ref>Mischa Boelens vierde ex-prof voor Duno, gelderlander.nl, 27 May 2017</ref><ref>"Game Report by Soccerway". Soccerway. 7 August 2015.</ref> == Aikin kulob == Ya fara buga wasa a Eerste Division a Achilles '29 a ranar 7 ga Agusta 2015 a wasan da suka yi da Jong Ajax . [1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] f6f0lp80o25vythq69jsmz0hqpnm6df 0 151266 974993 839411 2026-11-01T19:50:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974993 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chidiebere Chijioke Nwakali''' ( // ⓘ ; an haife shi a ranar 26 ga Disamba 1996) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Najeriya wanda a halin yanzu yake bugawa Tuwaiq wasa a matsayin mai tsaron baya. == Aikin kulob == A ranar 20 ga Janairun 2014, Nwakali ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru huɗu da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] daga Shuttle Sports Academy, bayan ya yi fice a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-17 ta 2013. Ya kuma kasance cikin tawagar farko da ta fara zuwa Amurka a watan Yuli. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2014 |title=Report: Nigerian starlets to join City's pre-season tour |url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/report-nigerian-starlets-kelechi-iheanacho-7321005 |access-date=1 November 2015 |publisher=[[Manchester Evening News]]}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Janairun 2015, Nwakali ya sami aro ga Málaga CF har zuwa watan Yunin 2017, inda aka tura shi zuwa ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta Tercera División . <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2015 |title=Trio secure loan moves |url=https://mcfc.co.uk/news/team-news/2015/january/zuculini-evans-and-nwakali-agree-loan-moves |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322172035/http://www.mcfc.co.uk/news/team-news/2015/january/zuculini-evans-and-nwakali-agree-loan-moves |archive-date=22 March 2016 |access-date=1 November 2015 |publisher=Manchester City's official website}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2015 |title=El City cede a Nwakali hasta 2017 |trans-title=City loans Nwakali until 2017 |url=http://malaga.eldesmarque.com/malaga-cf/38724-el-city-cede-a-nwakali-hasta-2017 |access-date=1 November 2015 |publisher=El Desmarque |language=es |archive-date=12 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412110828/http://malaga.eldesmarque.com/malaga-cf/38724-el-city-cede-a-nwakali-hasta-2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a matakin 'yan wasa na farko a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu, inda ya fara da nasara 1-0 a gida da Antequera CF. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2015 |title=Reserve team makes things difficult for Antequera CF (1–0) |url=http://www.malagacf.com/en/news/reserve-team-makes-things-difficult-for-antequera-cf-1-0 |access-date=1 November 2015 |publisher=Málaga's official website}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Agusta 2015, Nwakali ya karɓi aro daga ƙungiyar Segunda División [[Girona FC|ta Girona FC]], a cikin yarjejeniyar kakar wasa mai tsawo. Duk da haka, dole ne ya jira har zuwa 5 ga Oktoba kafin a same shi a hukumance, saboda izinin aiki . A ranar 31 ga Maris 2016, Nwakali ya dakatar da aronsa da ƙungiyar Catalans, bayan ya kasa buga wasa ko da na minti ɗaya a ƙungiyar, kuma nan take ya koma ƙungiyar Tippeligaen ta IK Start . [1] A ranar 2 ga Afrilu ya fara buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasa na farko a ƙungiyar, inda ya maye gurbin Mathias Rasmussen a wasan da suka sha kashi a gida da ci 1-0 a hannun Viking FK . [2] A ranar 8 ga Fabrairu 2017, Nwakali ya koma Sogndal Football a kan aro. Daga nan aka ba shi aro ga [[Aberdeen F.C|Aberdeen]] a watan Janairun 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 January 2018 |title=Aberdeen sign Chidi Nwakali on loan from Manchester City |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42632147 |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=BBC Sport |publisher=BBC}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aberdeen FC Archives |url=https://www.eveningexpress.co.uk/category/aberdeen-fc/ |access-date=2026-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616112423/https://www.eveningexpress.co.uk/category/aberdeen-fc/ |archive-date=2021-06-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A lokacin bazara na 2018, ya koma kulob din Raków Częstochowa na Poland amma bayan wasanni biyu kacal a dukkan gasa, ya bar kulob din saboda dalilai na kashin kansa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2018 |title=Chidiebere Nwakali odszedł z Rakowa |url=http://www.90minut.pl/news/291/news2916628-Chidiebere-Nwakali-odszedl-z-Rakowa.html |access-date=19 November 2018 |website=90minut.pl |language=Polish}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Janairu 2019, Kalmar FF ta sanar da cewa ta sanya hannu kan Nwakali a kan kwantiragin shekaru hudu. A watan Fabrairun 2020 an kori Nwakali daga Kalmar FF saboda gazawarsa na dawowa kan lokaci daga hutun Kirsimeti A ranar 21 ga Mayu, Nwakali ya yi tafiya zuwa Tsibirin Faroe mai nisa don yin gwaji tare da zakaran kakar wasa ta bara, KÍ Klaksvík . A ranar 9 ga Satumba 2023, Nwakali ya koma Al-Jubail . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Done Deal: Nwakali Joins Saudi Arabia Clubside Al-Jubail Club |url=https://nigeriasportsnews.com/done-deal-nwakali-joins-saudi-arabia-clubside-al-jubail-club/}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Satumba 2025, Nwakali ya shiga Tuwaiq . <ref>{{Cite web |title=الأسد النيجيري "تشيدي نوكالي" يعود ليدافع عن ألوان نادي طويق |url=https://x.com/Touik_club/status/1964755920560459847}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|27 July 2018}}<ref name="CNSW">{{cite web |title=C. Nwakali |url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/chidiebere-nwakali/319128/ |work=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |accessdate=10 January 2018}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanar da kwallaye a raga ta kulob, kakar wasa da kuma gasa ! rowspan="2" | Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kakar wasa ! colspan="3" | Gasar League ! colspan="2" | Kofin Ƙasa ! colspan="2" | Kofin League ! colspan="2" | Wani ! colspan="2" | Jimilla |- ! Sashe ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | rowspan="5" | [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] | 2014–15 | [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |- | 2015–16 | Gasar Firimiya | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |- | 2016–17 | Gasar Firimiya | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |- | 2017–18 | Gasar Firimiya | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 |- | [[Girona FC|Girona]] (rance) | 2015–16 | Sashen Segunda | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | – | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |- | IK Start (rance) | 2016 | Tippeligaen | 22 | 3 | 1 | 0 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 23 | 3 |- | Sogndal (rance) | 2017 | Eliteserien | 26 | 4 | 1 | 0 | colspan="2" | — | 1 | 0 | 28 | 4 |- | [[Aberdeen F.C|Aberdeen]] (rance) | 2017–18 | Gasar Firimiya ta Scotland | 5 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimillar aiki ! 53 ! 7 ! 5 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 1 ! 0 ! 59 ! 7 |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] l87pq7ao7z0cfc7974jfl9bup9i7smg 0 153910 975105 891193 2026-11-02T03:50:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dam din Tichy-Haf''' madatsar ruwa ce ta Arch-gravity a kan Oued Bousellam a Mahfouda, Bouhamza Commune, Bejaia, [[Aljeriya]]. == Tarihi == Ginin ruwan ya fara ne a ƙarshen shekarun 1990 ta kamfanin Yugoslav Hydrotchnika, kuma daga baya kamfanin Aljeriya Cosider Group ya kammala shi. An kammala madatsar ruwan a shekara ta 2008, kuma an buɗe ta a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu 2009. Dam din yana samar da mita miliyan 47 a kowace shekara na ruwan sha don hanyar Akbou-Béjaïa, da kuma cubic mita milio 4 a kowace shekara don ban ruwa. Kusa da madatsar ruwan shine Tichy-Haf Treatment Plant, wanda ke da damar 120,000 cubic mita a kowace rana, bututun mai mai tsawon kilomita 70 da tankunan ajiya tare da damar {{Cvt|42,000|m3}} m3 cu .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nieuwe Trends Voor Heren & Dames |url=http://www.soudoud-dzair.com/index.php?action=esmap_vect&table=chahidgis_barrage&id=66 |website=Soudoud Dzair }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=EN RAISON DE LA VALEUR “TRÈS ÉLEVÉE” DE LA TURBIDITÉ : L’ADE de Béjaïa suspend la distribution d’eau du barrage de Tichy Haf - L’Actualité : Liberté |url=https://www.liberte-algerie.com/actualite/l-ade-de-bejaia-suspend-la-distribution-d-eau-du-barrage-de-tichy-haf-367254 |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=www.liberte-algerie.com |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Youcef |first=BELHANI |date=1980-01-31 |title=ESMA, Développement des applications full web, Webmapping |url=http://197.112.0.211/soudoud-dzair/index.php?action=esmap_vect&table=chahidgis_barrage&id=66 |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=197.112.0.211 |language=fr-FR |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524085646/http://197.112.0.211/soudoud-dzair/index.php?action=esmap_vect&table=chahidgis_barrage&id=66 |archive-date=2024-05-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Boudjadi |first=Kamel |date=2024-07-18 |title=De l’eau à partir du barrage de Bouhamza |url=https://www.lexpression.dz/societe/de-l-eau-a-partir-du-barrage-de-bouhamza-383681 |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=L'Expression}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=samir |date=2017-07-10 |title=TIFRA. Les habitants bloquent la mairie - |url=https://leflaye.net/tifra-les-habitants-bloquent-la-mairie |access-date=2026-03-13 |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tichy haf |url=https://www.anbt.dz/en/tichy-haf-2/ }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rédaction |date=2025-01-16 |title=Bejaïa : Le barrage de Tichy Haff reçoit un million de mètres cubes en 48 heures |url=https://lavoiedalgerie.dz/bejaia-le-barrage-de-tichy-haff-recoit-un-million-de-metres-cubes-en-48-heures/2025/16/13/ |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=La voie dAlgérie |language=fr-FR }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ginin madatsar ruwa da tafkin ya kasance a kan tsohuwar gonar, wanda mazauna yankin suka nuna rashin amincewa da ginin a cikin 2000s da kuma a cikin 2011. A cikin 2023 madatsar ruwan ta kasance a cikin 6% kawai, wannan ya haifar da haƙa ramuka a cikin kwarin kuma tafkin ya bushe.<ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=samir |date=2011-09-19 |title=Béjaïa en proie à la protestation - |url=https://leflaye.net/bejaia-en-proie-a-la-protestation |access-date=2026-03-13 |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Mazauna yankin galibi suna amfani da madatsar ruwa da tafkin don yin iyo, nutsewa, jirgin ruwa, kuma akwai itatuwan zaitun da ke gefen kogin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rabah |first=Irbah |date=2015-08-03 |title=Barrage de Tichy Haf (Béjaïa) : Des baigneurs bravent le danger |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/500863 |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=Djazairess |archive-date=2017-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202052653/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/500863 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Commune de Darguina : Un programme pour désenclaver les villages |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/106446 |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=Djazairess |archive-date=2017-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203153758/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/elwatan/106446 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kifi kuma yana faruwa a kan tafkin, don Common carp da Common bream.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pêche continentale sur le barrage de Tichy Haf |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/latribune/10078 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623001853/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/latribune/10078 |archive-date=2023-06-23 |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=www.djazairess.com |url-status=live }}</ref> Koyaya, yana da haɗari a yi iyo ko nutsewa kusa da madatsar ruwan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Amghar |first=Kamel |date=2009-08-05 |title=Dangers omniprésents dans de nombreuses localités à Béjaïa |url=https://www.djazairess.com/fr/latribune/20731 |access-date=2026-03-13 |website=Djazairess |archive-date=2017-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203153914/https://www.djazairess.com/fr/latribune/20731 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == tqijqepf4l80ixavxdv9q1g9xztd2f9 0 155175 974894 890117 2026-11-01T16:15:21Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974894 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} Tashoshin marasa lafiya Aikace-aikacen kan layi ne da suka shafi [[Kula da lafiya|kiwon lafiya]] waɗanda ke ba da damar marasa lafiya su yi hulɗa da sadarwa tare da Masu ba da kiwon lafiya, kamar likitoci da [[Asibiti|asibitoci]]. Yawanci, ana kuma iya samun sabis na tashar a kowane lokaci ta hanyar Intanet. Aikace-aikacen tashar marasa lafiya na iya zama shafukan yanar gizo masu zaman kansu waɗanda kamfani na waje ya shirya, ko kuma ana iya haɗa su cikin gidan yanar gizon mai ba da kiwon lafiya na yanzu. Har ila yau wasu su ne modules da aka kara a kan rikodin likitancin lantarki na yanzu (EMR) ko tsarin kiwon lafiya na lantarki (EHR). Gabaɗaya, ƙofofin haƙuri suna buƙatar aikin yana da wani nau'in EMR, EHR, ko tsarin kula da haƙuri, kamar yadda bayanan haƙuri ke buƙatar adanawa cikin aminci a cikin ajiyar bayanai sannan kuma tashar haƙuri ta dawo da shi. A wasu lokuta, layin tsakanin EMR, EHR, rikodin kiwon lafiya na mutum, da tashar mai haƙuri sun ɓace saboda fasalin fasalin fasalulluka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2015 |title=What physicians need to know about patient portals |url=https://www.ama-assn.org/practice-management/medicare/what-physicians-need-know-about-patient-portals |publisher=American Medical Association}}</ref> == Fasali da fa'idodi == Babban fasalin da ke sa kowane tsarin ya zama tashar mai haƙuri shine ikon raba bayanan lafiyar mai haƙuri ta hanyar Intanet. Kusan dukkanin tashoshin marasa lafiya suna ba da damar marasa lafiya su yi hulɗa ta wata hanya tare da masu ba da kiwon lafiya. Tashoshin marasa lafiya suna amfana da marasa lafiya da masu samarwa ta hanyar kara inganci da yawan aiki. A [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], ana kuma ɗaukar ƙofofin haƙuri a matsayin babban kayan aiki don taimakawa likitoci su cika buƙatun "amfani mai ma'ana" don karɓar ƙarfafawar tarayya, musamman don samar da bayanan kiwon lafiya ga marasa lafiya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Terry |first=Ken |date=June 27, 2010 |title=Patient Portals: Beyond Meaningful Use |url=http://www.physicianspractice.com/technology/content/article/1462168/1890621 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120806100721/http://www.physicianspractice.com/technology/content/article/1462168/1890621 |archive-date=August 6, 2012 |access-date=February 6, 2012 |website=Physicians Practice |publisher=UBM Medica, LLC}}</ref> Wasu aikace-aikacen tashar haƙuri suna bawa marasa lafiya damar yin rajista da kammala siffofi a kan layi, wanda zai iya sauƙaƙa ziyarar asibitoci da asibitocin. Yawancin aikace-aikacen tashar suna ba da damar marasa lafiya su nemi takardar sayan magani a kan layi, yin odar tabarau da ruwan tabarau, samun damar yin amfani da bayanan likita, biyan kuɗi, sakamakon dakin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma tsara alƙawari na likita. A cewar Ofishin Mai Kula da Fasahar Bayanai ta Lafiya (ONC) , a cikin 2021 fiye da 60% na marasa lafiya da ke da damar shiga tashar mai haƙuri sun yi amfani da shi sau ɗaya ko fiye a cikin watanni 12. "<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025 |title=Patient Engagement Beginner's Guide |url=https://info.advancedmd.com/rs/332-PCG-555images/AdvancedMD-patientEngagementBeginners-Guide.pdf |access-date=28 January 2026 |website=AdvancedMD }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-16 |title=Individuals' Access and Use of Patient Portals and Smartphone Health Apps, 2020 |url=https://healthit.gov/data/data-briefs/individuals-access-and-use-patient-portals-and-smartphone-health-apps-2020/ |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=ASTP Health IT Research & Analysis}}</ref> Har ila yau, tashoshin marasa lafiya suna ba da damar marasa lafiya suyi magana kai tsaye tare da masu ba da kiwon lafiya ta hanyar yin tambayoyi, barin tsokaci, ko aika saƙonnin [[Email|imel]], da karɓar kayan ilimi na musamman ga bukatun kiwon lafiya. Binciken binciken 2025 akan saƙonnin tsaro da aka fara a kan mai haƙuri ya sami kyakkyawar alaƙa tare da ingantaccen sakamakon asibiti gabaɗaya, da tasiri mai kyau akan inganci da ƙwarewar kulawa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Wec |first=Aleksandra |last2=Gleason |first2=Kelly T |last3=Peereboom |first3=Danielle |last4=Gamper |first4=Mary Jo |last5=Rathakrishnan |first5=Sharmini |last6=Wolff |first6=Jennifer L |date=2025-07-03 |title=Measurement, drivers, and outcomes of patient-initiated secure messaging use and intensity: a scoping review |journal=JAMIA Open |language=en |volume=8 |issue=4 |doi=10.1093/jamiaopen/ooaf087 |issn=2574-2531 |pmc=12342875 |pmid=40799929}}</ref> Binciken da aka yi a 2023 ya sami kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin samun damar samun damar albarkatun ilimi ta hanyar tashar mai haƙuri da inganta sakamakon haƙuri. Wannan binciken musamman ya gano cewa "amfani da albarkatun ilimi a cikin tashar mai haƙuri yana da alaƙa da karuwa mai mahimmanci a cikin: kunna haƙuri, ilimin yanayi. sarrafa kai, karɓar halayen kiwon lafiya da ake so, yanke shawara, da rage damuwa".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Johnson |first=Adam M |last2=Brimhall |first2=Andrew S |last3=Johnson |first3=Erica T |last4=Hodgson |first4=Jennifer |last5=Didericksen |first5=Katharine |last6=Pye |first6=Joseph |last7=Harmon |first7=G J Corey |last8=Sewell |first8=Kerry B |date=2023-01-06 |title=A systematic review of the effectiveness of patient education through patient portals |journal=JAMIA Open |publisher=Oxford University Press (OUP) |volume=6 |issue=1 |doi=10.1093/jamiaopen/ooac085 |issn=2574-2531 |pmid=36686972}}</ref> == Rashin fa'idodi == Babban gazawar mafi yawan tashoshin masu haƙuri shine alaƙarsu da ƙungiyar kiwon lafiya guda ɗaya. Idan mai haƙuri ya yi amfani da ƙungiyoyi fiye da ɗaya don kiwon lafiya, mai haƙuri yawanci yana buƙatar shiga cikin ƙofar kowace ƙungiya don samun damar bayanai. Wannan yana haifar da ra'ayi mai rarrabewa game da bayanan mai haƙuri.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Otte-Trojel |first=Terese |last2=de Bont |first2=Antoinette |last3=Aspria |first3=Marcello |last4=Adams |first4=Samantha |last5=Rundall |first5=Thomas G. |last6=van de Klundert |first6=Joris |last7=de Mul |first7=Marleen |date=October 2015 |title=Developing patient portals in a fragmented healthcare system |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1386505615300186 |journal=International Journal of Medical Informatics |volume=84 |issue=10 |pages=835–846 |doi=10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2015.07.001 |pmid=26190049 |url-access=subscription |access-date=31 January 2025 |quote=under such a fragmented setup, in order to see all of his or her information and interact with all of his or her providers, the patient must access multiple portals, each with a distinct interface, password, and username}}</ref> Irin wannan bita na 2025 wanda ya sami kyakkyawar alaƙa da kwarewar mai haƙuri ya gano takardu 2 inda masu ba da sabis suka nuna damuwa game da karuwar nauyi ga masu ba da saƙon mai haƙuri kai tsaye.<ref name=":0"/> Bugu da ƙari, ko da yayin da suke inganta ƙofofin aiki don sauƙin amfani da su da sakamako mai kyau na haƙuri, wasu likitoci sun lura cewa yana da wahala a ƙarfafa marasa lafiya su yi amfani da ƙofofin kan layi don amfana da kansu da ma'aikatan aikin likita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Litton |first=J. Scott Jr. |date=February 3, 2012 |title=Encouraging Patients to Use Online Communication |url=http://www.physicianspractice.com/blog/content/article/1462168/2026624 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212205933/http://www.physicianspractice.com/blog/content/article/1462168/2026624 |archive-date=February 12, 2012 |access-date=February 6, 2012 |website=Physicians Practice |publisher=UBM Medica, LLC}}</ref> Duk da kyakkyawan sakamako da gogewa na haƙuri, yawan tallafi ya kasance ƙasa: tun daga 2024, kashi 65% na masu amfani da kiwon lafiya na Amurka sun sami damar tashar haƙuri. (Duk da haka, wannan karuwa ce mai yawa tun daga shekara ta 2014, lokacin da kashi 25% na marasa lafiya suka sami damar shiga tashar su.) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bruce |first=Giles |date=2025-07-18 |title=Patient portal use climbs: 6 numbers |url=https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/healthcare-information-technology/ehrs/patient-portal-use-climbs-6-numbers/ |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=Becker&#039;s Hospital Review}}</ref> == Tsaro == Masu ba da kiwon lafiya a Amurka dole ne su bi ka'idojin HIPAA. Wadannan ka'idoji suna bayyana abin da ya kamata a riƙe bayanan mai haƙuri cikin amincewa. Wani abu kamar yadda yake da mahimmanci a matsayin suna [1] ana kallon shi ta hanyar HIPAA a matsayin bayanin kiwon lafiya mai kariya. Saboda wannan dalili, Tsaro na yanar gizo koyaushe ya kasance babban damuwa ga masana'antar lokacin da suke hulɗa da karɓar ƙofofin haƙuri. Duk da yake akwai tsarin da ba su dace da HIPAA ba, yawancin masu haƙuri da ƙofofin aiki suna da aminci kuma sun dace da ka'idojin HIPAA. Amfani da SSL da tsarin Kula da damar shiga ya zama ruwan dare a cikin masana'antar. Ana tabbatar da damar mai haƙuri tare da sunan mai amfani da kalmar sirri. Kodayake ba a buƙata a ƙarƙashin HIPAA, masana tsaro da Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Dan Adam ta Amurka suna ƙara ƙarfafa tashar kiwon lafiya don haɗawa da tabbatar da Multi-factor (MFA) ban da sunayen masu amfani da kalmomin shiga.[2][3] == Tarihi == Fasahar tashar Intanet tana amfani da ita tun daga shekarun 1990. Masana'antar kudi ta kasance mai ƙwarewa musamman wajen amfani da Intanet don ba da damar kowane mai amfani ga bayanan sirri. Wataƙila saboda tsananin ka'idojin HIPAA, ko rashin karfafa kuɗi ga masu ba da kiwon lafiya, karɓar ƙofofin haƙuri ya ragu a bayan wasu sassan kasuwa. Dokar Farfadowa da sake saka hannun jari ta Amurka ta 2009 (ARRA), musamman Dokar HITECH a cikin ARRA, ta ware kusan dala biliyan 19 don fasahar bayanan kiwon lafiya. An yi niyyar wannan kudade don biyan kuɗin tsarin rikodin kiwon lafiya na lantarki don likitoci masu aiki. Saboda juyawa zuwa bayanan kiwon lafiya na lantarki yawanci yana da rikitarwa, tsarin sau da yawa yana sauyawa zuwa tashoshin haƙuri da farko sannan ya biyo baya tare da cikakken aiwatar da bayanan kiwon lafiyar lantarki. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mqvz95qaa13j8gmccberem0g8cf2lib 974895 974894 2026-11-01T16:15:51Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974895 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} Tashoshin marasa lafiya Aikace-aikacen kan layi ne da suka shafi [[Kula da lafiya|kiwon lafiya]] waɗanda ke ba da damar marasa lafiya su yi hulɗa da sadarwa tare da Masu ba da kiwon lafiya, kamar likitoci da [[Asibiti|asibitoci]]. Yawanci, ana kuma iya samun sabis na tashar a kowane lokaci ta hanyar Intanet. Aikace-aikacen tashar marasa lafiya na iya zama shafukan yanar gizo masu zaman kansu waɗanda kamfani na waje ya shirya, ko kuma ana iya haɗa su cikin gidan yanar gizon mai ba da kiwon lafiya na yanzu. Har ila yau wasu su ne modules da aka kara a kan rikodin likitancin lantarki na yanzu (EMR) ko tsarin kiwon lafiya na lantarki (EHR). Gabaɗaya, ƙofofin haƙuri suna buƙatar aikin yana da wani nau'in EMR, EHR, ko tsarin kula da haƙuri, kamar yadda bayanan haƙuri ke buƙatar adanawa cikin aminci a cikin ajiyar bayanai sannan kuma tashar haƙuri ta dawo da shi. A wasu lokuta, layin tsakanin EMR, EHR, rikodin kiwon lafiya na mutum, da tashar mai haƙuri sun ɓace saboda fasalin fasalin fasalulluka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2015 |title=What physicians need to know about patient portals |url=https://www.ama-assn.org/practice-management/medicare/what-physicians-need-know-about-patient-portals |publisher=American Medical Association}}</ref> == Fasali da fa'idodi == Babban fasalin da ke sa kowane tsarin ya zama tashar mai haƙuri shine ikon raba bayanan lafiyar mai haƙuri ta hanyar Intanet. Kusan dukkanin tashoshin marasa lafiya suna ba da damar marasa lafiya su yi hulɗa ta wata hanya tare da masu ba da kiwon lafiya. Tashoshin marasa lafiya suna amfana da marasa lafiya da masu samarwa ta hanyar kara inganci da yawan aiki. A [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], ana kuma ɗaukar ƙofofin haƙuri a matsayin babban kayan aiki don taimakawa likitoci su cika buƙatun "amfani mai ma'ana" don karɓar ƙarfafawar tarayya, musamman don samar da bayanan kiwon lafiya ga marasa lafiya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Terry |first=Ken |date=June 27, 2010 |title=Patient Portals: Beyond Meaningful Use |url=http://www.physicianspractice.com/technology/content/article/1462168/1890621 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120806100721/http://www.physicianspractice.com/technology/content/article/1462168/1890621 |archive-date=August 6, 2012 |access-date=February 6, 2012 |website=Physicians Practice |publisher=UBM Medica, LLC}}</ref> Wasu aikace-aikacen tashar haƙuri suna bawa marasa lafiya damar yin rajista da kammala siffofi a kan layi, wanda zai iya sauƙaƙa ziyarar asibitoci da asibitocin. Yawancin aikace-aikacen tashar suna ba da damar marasa lafiya su nemi takardar sayan magani a kan layi, yin odar tabarau da ruwan tabarau, samun damar yin amfani da bayanan likita, biyan kuɗi, sakamakon dakin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma tsara alƙawari na likita. A cewar Ofishin Mai Kula da Fasahar Bayanai ta Lafiya (ONC) , a cikin 2021 fiye da 60% na marasa lafiya da ke da damar shiga tashar mai haƙuri sun yi amfani da shi sau ɗaya ko fiye a cikin watanni 12. "<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025 |title=Patient Engagement Beginner's Guide |url=https://info.advancedmd.com/rs/332-PCG-555images/AdvancedMD-patientEngagementBeginners-Guide.pdf |access-date=28 January 2026 |website=AdvancedMD }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-16 |title=Individuals' Access and Use of Patient Portals and Smartphone Health Apps, 2020 |url=https://healthit.gov/data/data-briefs/individuals-access-and-use-patient-portals-and-smartphone-health-apps-2020/ |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=ASTP Health IT Research & Analysis}}</ref> Har ila yau kuma, tashoshin marasa lafiya suna ba da damar marasa lafiya suyi magana kai tsaye tare da masu ba da kiwon lafiya ta hanyar yin tambayoyi, barin tsokaci, ko aika saƙonnin [[Email|imel]], da karɓar kayan ilimi na musamman ga bukatun kiwon lafiya. Binciken binciken 2025 akan saƙonnin tsaro da aka fara a kan mai haƙuri ya sami kyakkyawar alaƙa tare da ingantaccen sakamakon asibiti gabaɗaya, da tasiri mai kyau akan inganci da ƙwarewar kulawa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Wec |first=Aleksandra |last2=Gleason |first2=Kelly T |last3=Peereboom |first3=Danielle |last4=Gamper |first4=Mary Jo |last5=Rathakrishnan |first5=Sharmini |last6=Wolff |first6=Jennifer L |date=2025-07-03 |title=Measurement, drivers, and outcomes of patient-initiated secure messaging use and intensity: a scoping review |journal=JAMIA Open |language=en |volume=8 |issue=4 |doi=10.1093/jamiaopen/ooaf087 |issn=2574-2531 |pmc=12342875 |pmid=40799929}}</ref> Binciken da aka yi a 2023 ya sami kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin samun damar samun damar albarkatun ilimi ta hanyar tashar mai haƙuri da inganta sakamakon haƙuri. Wannan binciken musamman ya gano cewa "amfani da albarkatun ilimi a cikin tashar mai haƙuri yana da alaƙa da karuwa mai mahimmanci a cikin: kunna haƙuri, ilimin yanayi. sarrafa kai, karɓar halayen kiwon lafiya da ake so, yanke shawara, da rage damuwa".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Johnson |first=Adam M |last2=Brimhall |first2=Andrew S |last3=Johnson |first3=Erica T |last4=Hodgson |first4=Jennifer |last5=Didericksen |first5=Katharine |last6=Pye |first6=Joseph |last7=Harmon |first7=G J Corey |last8=Sewell |first8=Kerry B |date=2023-01-06 |title=A systematic review of the effectiveness of patient education through patient portals |journal=JAMIA Open |publisher=Oxford University Press (OUP) |volume=6 |issue=1 |doi=10.1093/jamiaopen/ooac085 |issn=2574-2531 |pmid=36686972}}</ref> == Rashin fa'idodi == Babban gazawar mafi yawan tashoshin masu haƙuri shine alaƙarsu da ƙungiyar kiwon lafiya guda ɗaya. Idan mai haƙuri ya yi amfani da ƙungiyoyi fiye da ɗaya don kiwon lafiya, mai haƙuri yawanci yana buƙatar shiga cikin ƙofar kowace ƙungiya don samun damar bayanai. Wannan yana haifar da ra'ayi mai rarrabewa game da bayanan mai haƙuri.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Otte-Trojel |first=Terese |last2=de Bont |first2=Antoinette |last3=Aspria |first3=Marcello |last4=Adams |first4=Samantha |last5=Rundall |first5=Thomas G. |last6=van de Klundert |first6=Joris |last7=de Mul |first7=Marleen |date=October 2015 |title=Developing patient portals in a fragmented healthcare system |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1386505615300186 |journal=International Journal of Medical Informatics |volume=84 |issue=10 |pages=835–846 |doi=10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2015.07.001 |pmid=26190049 |url-access=subscription |access-date=31 January 2025 |quote=under such a fragmented setup, in order to see all of his or her information and interact with all of his or her providers, the patient must access multiple portals, each with a distinct interface, password, and username}}</ref> Irin wannan bita na 2025 wanda ya sami kyakkyawar alaƙa da kwarewar mai haƙuri ya gano takardu 2 inda masu ba da sabis suka nuna damuwa game da karuwar nauyi ga masu ba da saƙon mai haƙuri kai tsaye.<ref name=":0"/> Bugu da ƙari, ko da yayin da suke inganta ƙofofin aiki don sauƙin amfani da su da sakamako mai kyau na haƙuri, wasu likitoci sun lura cewa yana da wahala a ƙarfafa marasa lafiya su yi amfani da ƙofofin kan layi don amfana da kansu da ma'aikatan aikin likita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Litton |first=J. Scott Jr. |date=February 3, 2012 |title=Encouraging Patients to Use Online Communication |url=http://www.physicianspractice.com/blog/content/article/1462168/2026624 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212205933/http://www.physicianspractice.com/blog/content/article/1462168/2026624 |archive-date=February 12, 2012 |access-date=February 6, 2012 |website=Physicians Practice |publisher=UBM Medica, LLC}}</ref> Duk da kyakkyawan sakamako da gogewa na haƙuri, yawan tallafi ya kasance ƙasa: tun daga 2024, kashi 65% na masu amfani da kiwon lafiya na Amurka sun sami damar tashar haƙuri. (Duk da haka, wannan karuwa ce mai yawa tun daga shekara ta 2014, lokacin da kashi 25% na marasa lafiya suka sami damar shiga tashar su.) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bruce |first=Giles |date=2025-07-18 |title=Patient portal use climbs: 6 numbers |url=https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/healthcare-information-technology/ehrs/patient-portal-use-climbs-6-numbers/ |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=Becker&#039;s Hospital Review}}</ref> == Tsaro == Masu ba da kiwon lafiya a Amurka dole ne su bi ka'idojin HIPAA. Wadannan ka'idoji suna bayyana abin da ya kamata a riƙe bayanan mai haƙuri cikin amincewa. Wani abu kamar yadda yake da mahimmanci a matsayin suna [1] ana kallon shi ta hanyar HIPAA a matsayin bayanin kiwon lafiya mai kariya. Saboda wannan dalili, Tsaro na yanar gizo koyaushe ya kasance babban damuwa ga masana'antar lokacin da suke hulɗa da karɓar ƙofofin haƙuri. Duk da yake akwai tsarin da ba su dace da HIPAA ba, yawancin masu haƙuri da ƙofofin aiki suna da aminci kuma sun dace da ka'idojin HIPAA. Amfani da SSL da tsarin Kula da damar shiga ya zama ruwan dare a cikin masana'antar. Ana tabbatar da damar mai haƙuri tare da sunan mai amfani da kalmar sirri. Kodayake ba a buƙata a ƙarƙashin HIPAA, masana tsaro da Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Dan Adam ta Amurka suna ƙara ƙarfafa tashar kiwon lafiya don haɗawa da tabbatar da Multi-factor (MFA) ban da sunayen masu amfani da kalmomin shiga.[2][3] == Tarihi == Fasahar tashar Intanet tana amfani da ita tun daga shekarun 1990. Masana'antar kudi ta kasance mai ƙwarewa musamman wajen amfani da Intanet don ba da damar kowane mai amfani ga bayanan sirri. Wataƙila saboda tsananin ka'idojin HIPAA, ko rashin karfafa kuɗi ga masu ba da kiwon lafiya, karɓar ƙofofin haƙuri ya ragu a bayan wasu sassan kasuwa. Dokar Farfadowa da sake saka hannun jari ta Amurka ta 2009 (ARRA), musamman Dokar HITECH a cikin ARRA, ta ware kusan dala biliyan 19 don fasahar bayanan kiwon lafiya. An yi niyyar wannan kudade don biyan kuɗin tsarin rikodin kiwon lafiya na lantarki don likitoci masu aiki. Saboda juyawa zuwa bayanan kiwon lafiya na lantarki yawanci yana da rikitarwa, tsarin sau da yawa yana sauyawa zuwa tashoshin haƙuri da farko sannan ya biyo baya tare da cikakken aiwatar da bayanan kiwon lafiyar lantarki. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ijev0fvz3rbcy33rjws0kar35gzas05 0 156066 975064 888238 2026-11-01T23:11:50Z Salma Raddah 45959 975064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> {{Infobox medical intervention|image=|caption=|ICD10=|ICD9=|MeshID=D011613|OPS301=|other_codes=|HCPCSlevel2=|specialty=Psychology, psychiatry}}<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sidebar/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Excerpt/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Excerpt/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Excerpt/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Excerpt/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Excerpt/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Excerpt/styles.css"></templatestyles>'''Ilimin halin dan Adam''' (har ma da '''ilimin halin dan Adam''', '''ilimin magana''', ko '''ilimin magana''' ) shine amfani da hanyoyin [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunani]], musamman idan aka yi la'akari da mu'amala ta kai tsaye, don taimakawa mutum ya canza hali, ya kara [[farin ciki]], da kuma shawo kan matsaloli. Ilimin halin dan Adam yana da nufin inganta lafiyar mutum da [[lafiyar kwakwalwa]], don warware ko rage matsaloli, imani, tilas, tunani, ko motsin rai, da kuma inganta dangantaka da kwarewar zamantakewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is Psychotherapy? |url=https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/psychotherapy |access-date=12 March 2022 |website=www.psychiatry.org}}</ref> An tsara nau'ikan ilimin halin dan Adam da yawa ko dai ga manya, iyalai, ko yara da matasa. Wasu nau'ikan ilimin halin dan Adam ana daukar su a matsayin shaida don magance cututtukan kwakwalwa da aka gano; wasu nau'ikan an soki su a matsayin kimiyyar karya. Duk da haka, aƙalla zuwa wani mataki, ilimin halin dan Adam yana samun goyon bayan ilimin halin dan Adam, galibi suna da tasiri mai ɗorewa fiye da magungunan gargajiya, kuma suna iya inganta tasirin magungunan gargajiya, gami da waɗanda suka shafi masu ilimin halin dan Adam. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kamenov |first=K. |last2=Twomey |first2=C. |last3=Cabello |first3=M. |last4=Prina |first4=A. M. |last5=Ayuso-Mateos |first5=J. L. |date=February 2017 |title=The efficacy of psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy and their combination on functioning and quality of life in depression: a meta-analysis |journal=Psychological Medicine |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=414–425 |doi=10.1017/S0033291716002774 |issn=1469-8978 |pmc=5244449 |pmid=27780478}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cavarra |first=Mauro |last2=Falzone |first2=Alessandra |last3=Ramaekers |first3=Johannes G. |last4=Kuypers |first4=Kim P. C. |last5=Mento |first5=Carmela |date=2022 |title=Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy-A Systematic Review of Associated Psychological Interventions |journal=Frontiers in Psychology |volume=13 |doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2022.887255 |issn=1664-1078 |pmc=9226617 |pmid=35756295 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dijkstra |first=Johannes M. |last2=Nagatsu |first2=Toshiharu |date=June 2022 |title=Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and Morita therapy (MT); comparison of three established psychotherapies and possible common neural mechanisms of psychotherapies |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00702-021-02450-9 |journal=Journal of Neural Transmission |language=en |volume=129 |issue=5–6 |pages=805–828 |doi=10.1007/s00702-021-02450-9 |issn=0300-9564 |pmid=34889976 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Akwai ɗaruruwan dabarun ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, wasu ƙananan bambance-bambance ne; wasu kuma sun dogara ne akan ra'ayoyi daban-daban na ilimin halayyar ɗan adam.<ref>{{Cite book|edition=Alfred}}</ref> Yawancin hanyoyin sun haɗa da zaman mutum-da-mutum, tsakanin abokin ciniki da mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali, amma wasu ana gudanar da su tare da ƙungiyoyi, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jeremy Schwartz |date=14 July 2017 |title=5 Reasons to Consider Group Therapy |url=http://health.usnews.com/health-care/for-better/articles/2017-07-14/5-reasons-to-consider-group-therapy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722190031/http://health.usnews.com/health-care/for-better/articles/2017-07-14/5-reasons-to-consider-group-therapy |archive-date=22 July 2017 |website=US News}}</ref> gami da ma'aurata da iyalai . Masu ilimin tabin hankali na iya zama ƙwararru a fannin lafiyar kwakwalwa kamar likitocin tabin hankali, masu ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, ma'aikatan lafiyar kwakwalwa, ma'aikatan zamantakewa na asibiti, masu ilimin aure da iyali, ko kuma masu ba da shawara na ƙwararru masu lasisi . Masu ilimin tabin hankali suma na iya fitowa daga wasu asali daban-daban, kuma dangane da [[Yanke hukunci|ikon shari'a]], ana iya tsara su bisa doka, ko kuma ba a tsara su ba bisa ga son rai (kuma kalmar kanta na iya zama kariya ko a'a). Ya nuna ingancin gabaɗaya a cikin yanayi daban-daban, kodayake ingancinsa ya bambanta dangane da mutum da yanayi. Duk da cewa manyan bita suna tallafawa fa'idodinsa, ana ci gaba da muhawara kan mafi kyawun hanyoyin kimanta sakamako, gami da amfani da gwaje-gwajen da aka sarrafa bazuwar idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin da aka keɓance. Wani bita na 2022 na nazarin meta-bincike 102 ya gano cewa girman tasirin ga hanyoyin kwantar da hankali da magunguna gabaɗaya ƙanana ne, wanda ya sa masu bincike suka ba da shawarar canjin yanayin binciken lafiyar kwakwalwa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Leichsenring |first=Falk |last2=Steinert |first2=Christiane |last3=Rabung |first3=Sven |last4=Ioannidis |first4=John P. A. |author-link4=John Ioannidis |date=February 2022 |title=The efficacy of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies for mental disorders in adults: an umbrella review and meta-analytic evaluation of recent meta-analyses |journal=[[World Psychiatry]] |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=133–145 |doi=10.1002/wps.20941 |pmc=8751557 |pmid=35015359 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kodayake nau'ikan jiyya da yawa sun bambanta a cikin dabara, galibi suna samar da sakamako iri ɗaya, wanda ke haifar da ka'idoji cewa abubuwan da aka saba - kamar dangantakar warkewa - sune manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da inganci. Kalubalen sun haɗa da yawan fita daga aiki, ƙarancin fahimtar hanyoyin canji, yuwuwar illolin da za su iya haifarwa, da damuwa game da bin ka'idar mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ga aminci ga magani. Masu suka sun tayar da tambayoyi game da tushen kimiyya na ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali, [[Al'ada|zato na al'adu]], da ƙarfin kuzari, yayin da wasu ke jayayya cewa ba a yi amfani da shi sosai ba idan aka kwatanta da [[Magungunan Masu Tabin Hankali|magungunan magunguna]] . == Ma'anoni == Kalmar ''[[wiktionary:psychotherapy|psychotherapy]]'' ta samo asali ne daga tsohuwar ''[[wiktionary:psyche|psyche]]'' ta Girka ( [[wiktionary:ψυχή|ψυχή]] ma'ana "numfashi; ruhu; rai") da ''therapeia'' ( [[wiktionary:θεραπεία|θεραπεία]] "warkarwa; magani"). ''Kamus na Turanci na Oxford'' ya bayyana shi a matsayin "Maganin rikice-rikicen hankali ko hali ta hanyar tunani...", duk da haka, a farkon amfani, yana nufin maganin cuta ta hanyar shawarar hypnotic. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Sau da yawa ana kiran ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a matsayin "maganin magana" ko "maganin magana", musamman ga masu sauraro gabaɗaya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Psychotherapy |url=http://www.nami.org/Learn-More/Treatment/Psychotherapy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329185701/http://www.nami.org/Learn-More/Treatment/Psychotherapy |archive-date=29 March 2015 |access-date=29 March 2015 |website=nami.org |publisher=[[National Alliance on Mental Illness]]}}</ref> kodayake ba duk nau'ikan ilimin halayyar ɗan adam sun dogara ne akan sadarwa ta baki ba . Yara ko manya waɗanda ba sa shiga cikin sadarwa ta baki (ko ba ta hanyar da aka saba ba) ba a ware su daga ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ba; hakika an tsara wasu nau'ikan don irin waɗannan lamuran. Ƙungiyar Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Amurka ta ɗauki ƙuduri kan ingancin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a shekarar 2012 bisa ga ma'anar da masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam John C. Norcross ya ƙirƙira: "Psychotherapy shine amfani da hanyoyin asibiti da kuma yanayin hulɗa da mutane da aka samo daga ƙa'idodin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da aka kafa don taimaka wa mutane su gyara halayensu, fahimta, motsin zuciyarsu, da/ko wasu halaye na mutum a cikin al'amuran da mahalarta suka ga suna da kyau". <ref name="resolution">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Campbell LF, Norcross JC, Vasquez MJ, Kaslow NJ |date=March 2013 |title=Recognition of psychotherapy effectiveness: the APA resolution |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236058462 |url-status=live |journal=[[Psychotherapy (journal)|Psychotherapy]] |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=98–101 |doi=10.1037/a0031817 |pmid=23505985 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101111335/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236058462_Recognition_of_Psychotherapy_Effectiveness_The_APA_Resolution |archive-date=1 January 2016}} The full text of the resolution: {{Cite web |date=August 2012 |title=Recognition of Psychotherapy Effectiveness |url=https://www.apa.org/about/policy/resolution-psychotherapy |website=www.apa.org}}</ref> Buga-buga masu tasiri na wani aikin likitan hauka Jerome Frank ya bayyana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a matsayin dangantaka ta warkarwa ta amfani da hanyoyin da aka ba da izini a cikin jerin hulɗa waɗanda suka haɗa da kalmomi, ayyuka da al'adu - waɗanda Frank ya ɗauka a matsayin nau'ikan lallashi da magana . A tarihi, ilimin halayyar ɗan adam wani lokacin yana nufin hanyoyin "fassarar" (watau [[Sigmund Freud|Freudian]] ), wato nazarin halayyar ɗan adam, sabanin sauran hanyoyin magance matsalolin tabin hankali kamar gyaran hali. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Richard Gregory|last3=Hans J. Eysenck}}</ref> Wasu ma'anoni na ba da shawara sun yi karo da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam (musamman a cikin hanyoyin da ba na jagora ba na abokin ciniki), ko kuma ba da shawara na iya nufin jagora ga matsalolin yau da kullun a wasu fannoni, yawanci na ɗan gajeren lokaci tare da ƙaramin mayar da hankali kan likitanci ko "ƙwararre". Somatotherapy yana nufin amfani da canje-canje na jiki azaman raunuka da cututtuka, da kuma ilimin zamantakewa don amfani da yanayin zamantakewa na mutum don yin tasirin canjin magani. Ilimin halin ɗan adam na iya magance ruhaniya a matsayin muhimmin ɓangare na rayuwar tunanin mutum/hankali, kuma wasu nau'ikan suna samo asali ne daga falsafar ruhaniya, amma ayyukan da suka dogara da ɗaukar ruhaniya a matsayin wani fanni daban ba lallai ba ne a ɗauki su a matsayin nau'ikan ilimin halin ɗan adam na gargajiya ko na 'halatta'. == Isarwa == Ana iya yin maganin ƙwaƙwalwa da kai (ɗaya bayan ɗaya, ko tare da ma'aurata, tare da iyalai, ko, cikin ƙungiyoyi) ko ta hanyar ba da shawara ta waya ko shawara ta kan layi (duba kuma § Maganin kwakwalwa ). <ref name="Wright2008">{{Cite journal |last=Wright |first=Jesse H. |date=1 December 2008 |title=Computer-Assisted Psychotherapy {{!}} Psychiatric Times |url=https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/articles/computer-assisted-psychotherapy |url-status=live |journal=Psychiatric Times |series=Psychiatric Times Vol 25 No 14 |volume=25 |issue=14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924083317/https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/articles/computer-assisted-psychotherapy |archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref> An kuma sami ci gaba a fannin maganin da kwamfuta ke taimaka wa mutane, kamar maganin gaskiya na kama-da-wane don fallasa halaye, shirye-shiryen multimedia don koyar da dabarun fahimta, da na'urorin hannu don inganta sa ido ko aiwatar da ra'ayoyi (duba kuma § Ana tallafawa ta kwamfuta ). <ref name="Wright2008" /> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Carroll KM, Rounsaville BJ |date=October 2010 |title=Computer-assisted therapy in psychiatry: be brave-it's a new world |journal=Current Psychiatry Reports |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=426–32 |doi=10.1007/s11920-010-0146-2 |pmc=2967758 |pmid=20683681}}</ref> Yawancin nau'ikan ilimin halayyar ɗan adam suna amfani da tattaunawa ta magana. Wasu kuma suna amfani da wasu nau'ikan sadarwa daban-daban kamar rubutun kalmomi, zane-zane, wasan kwaikwayo, labarin labari ko kiɗa. Ilimin halayyar ɗan adam tare da yara da iyayensu galibi ya ƙunshi wasa, wasan kwaikwayo (watau wasan kwaikwayo), da zane, tare da labarin da aka gina tare daga waɗannan hanyoyin hulɗa marasa magana da waɗanda aka canja. <ref>{{Cite book|edition=Raz|url-access=Susser}}</ref> Wasu saitunan magani suna amfani da kayan aikin dijital don taimakawa wajen rubuta takardu na zaman. Misali, tsarin yanayi, suna amfani da fahimtar magana wanda ke ɗaukar tattaunawar likita-marasa lafiya kuma yana samar da daftarin bayanai don sake dubawa daga baya. Waɗannan kayan aikin, waɗanda masu siyarwa daban-daban suka bayar, gami da Twofold Health, dole ne su bi ƙa'idodin sirri da tsaro kamar waɗanda aka tsara a cikin HIPAA. <ref name="JMIR20234">{{Cite journal |last=Zhang |first=J. |year=2023 |title=Using HIPAA-Compliant Transcription Services for Virtual Psychiatric Interviews: Pilot Comparison Study |journal=JMIR Mental Health |volume=10 |issue=1 |doi=10.2196/48517 |pmc=10646674 |pmid=37906217 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name="RTF_AI">{{Cite web |date=2024-04-18 |title=3 AI Tools for Smarter, Faster Clinical Documentation |url=https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/technologies/gp3893-3-ai-tools-for-smarter-faster-clinical-documentation/ |access-date=2025-11-03 |website=Rethinking The Future}}</ref> <ref name="OrbDoc">{{Cite web |date=2 October 2025 |title=AI Medical Scribe for Mental Health & Behavioral Health |url=https://orbdoc.com/specialties/mental-health-behavioral/ |access-date=2025-11-03 |website=OrbDoc}}</ref> <ref name="Expertsay">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-12 |title=AI Therapy Note Tools That Are Actually HIPAA-Compliant |url=https://expertsay.blog/ai-therapy-note-tools-that-are-actually-hipaa-compliant/ |access-date=2025-11-03 |website=Expertsay Blog}}</ref> == Dokoki == Masu ilimin tabin hankali a al'ada na iya zama ƙwararru a fannin lafiyar kwakwalwa kamar masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da masu ilimin tabin hankali; ƙwararru daga wasu fannoni (masu ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali na iyali, ma'aikatan zamantakewa na asibiti, ma'aikatan jinya, da sauransu) waɗanda suka horar a wani takamaiman ilimin tabin hankali; ko (a wasu lokuta) ƙwararru masu ilimi ko waɗanda suka sami horo a fannin kimiyya. Baya ga horon, ƙasashe da yawa suna buƙatar mai ilimin tabin hankali ya yi rijista da wata ƙungiya ta ƙwararru domin a ba su izinin bayar da ayyuka. Ana fara horar da likitocin tabin hankali a matsayin likitoci, kuma saboda haka suna iya rubuta [[Ƙwaya|maganin da likita ya rubuta]] ; kuma horon tabin hankali na musamman yana farawa bayan kammala karatun likitanci a fannin kula da tabin hankali: duk da haka, ƙwarewarsu tana cikin cututtukan tabin hankali ko nau'ikan cututtukan kwakwalwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=How to Become a Psychiatrist – Career Path, Salary and Job Description {{!}} UniversityHQ |url=https://universityhq.org/how-to-become/psychiatrist-careers/ |access-date=13 March 2022 |website=universityhq.org}}</ref> Masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na asibiti suna da digiri na uku na musamman a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam tare da wasu sassan asibiti da bincike. Sauran masu aikin likitanci, [[Clinical social workers|ma'aikatan zamantakewa na asibiti]], masu ba da shawara kan lafiyar kwakwalwa, masu ba da shawara kan kiwon lafiya, da ma'aikatan jinya waɗanda ke da ƙwarewa a fannin lafiyar kwakwalwa, suma galibi suna gudanar da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam. Yawancin shirye-shiryen horar da ilimin tabin hankali iri-iri da kuma wurare na cibiyoyi ƙwararru ne da yawa. A yawancin ƙasashe, ana kammala horon ilimin tabin hankali a matakin digiri na biyu, sau da yawa a matakin digiri na biyu (ko digiri na uku), sama da shekaru huɗu, tare da kulawa mai mahimmanci a fannin asibiti da kuma wuraren aikin likita. Ƙwararrun likitocin kwakwalwa waɗanda suka zaɓi ƙwarewa a fannin ilimin tabin hankali suma suna buƙatar shirin ci gaba da ilimin ƙwararru bayan horo na ƙwararru na asali. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Training {{!}} APsaA |url=https://apsa.org/psychoanalytic-psychotherapy-training |access-date=26 March 2022 |website=apsa.org }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ƙungiyar Kula da Lafiyar Halayyar Dan Adam ta Turai (EAP) ta ƙirƙiro jerin ƙwararrun ƙwararru na ƙwararren masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na Turai a shekarar 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Professional Competencies of a European Psychotherapist: Home Page |url=http://www.psychotherapy-competency.eu/index.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708052131/http://psychotherapy-competency.eu/index.php |archive-date=8 July 2017 |access-date=25 January 2018}}</ref> Ganin cewa galibi ana tattauna batutuwa masu mahimmanci da zurfi na sirri a lokacin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, ana sa ran masu ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, kuma galibi doka ta daure su girmama sirrin abokin ciniki ko majiyyaci. Muhimmancin sirrin abokin ciniki - da kuma iyakantaccen yanayi da za a iya buƙatar karya shi don kare abokan ciniki ko wasu - an tsara shi a cikin ƙa'idodin ayyukan ɗabi'a na ƙungiyoyin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam. <ref>Ethical Principles (2010) of the American Psychological Association, Standard 4: Privacy and Confidentiality online at {{Cite web |title=Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct |url=http://www.apa.org/ethics/code |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401172733/http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/ |archive-date=1 April 2015 |access-date=1 April 2015}}.</ref> Misalan lokacin da aka saba yarda da karya sirri sun haɗa da lokacin da mai ilimin halayyar ya san cewa ana cin zarafin yaro ko babba; lokacin da akwai barazanar kai tsaye, bayyananne kuma nan gaba na mummunan cutarwa ga kai ko wani mutum. A wasu ƙasashe, doka ta buƙaci masu ilimin halayyar ɗan adam su zama masu ba da rahoto . === Turai === Ya zuwa shekarar 2015, har yanzu akwai bambance-bambance da yawa tsakanin ƙasashen Turai daban-daban game da ƙa'idoji da bayar da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam. Ƙasashe da dama ba su da ƙa'idojin aikin ko kuma babu kariyar takardar shaidar. Wasu suna da tsarin yin rijistar son rai, tare da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru masu zaman kansu, yayin da wasu ƙasashe ke ƙoƙarin takaita aikin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ga 'ƙwararrun likitocin kwakwalwa' (masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da likitocin tabin hankali) tare da horon da gwamnati ta ba su izini. Lakabin da aka kare suma sun bambanta. Ƙungiyar Kula da Ilimin Halin Ɗan Adam ta Turai (EAP) ta kafa Sanarwar Strasbourg ta 1990 kan Ilimin Halin Ɗan Adam, wadda aka keɓe don kafa sana'ar ilimin halayyar ɗan adam mai zaman kanta a Turai, tare da ƙa'idodin Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Appendix 1a |url=http://www.psychotherapy-competency.eu/Appendices/appendix1.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127013001/http://www.psychotherapy-competency.eu/Appendices/appendix1.php |archive-date=27 January 2011}}</ref> EAP ta riga ta yi hulɗa mai mahimmanci da Hukumar Tarayyar Turai da Tarayyar Turai don wannan manufa. Ganin cewa [[Tarayyar Turai]] tana da babban manufa game da 'yancin zirga-zirgar ma'aikata a cikin Turai, dokokin Turai na iya soke ƙa'idodin ƙasa waɗanda, a zahiri, nau'ikan ayyuka ne na ƙuntatawa. A Jamus, aikin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ga manya ya takaita ga ƙwararrun masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da likitoci (gami da likitocin tabin hankali) waɗanda suka kammala shekaru da yawa na horo na aiki da takaddun shaida a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam. [1] Ganin cewa nazarin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, da kuma ilimin tsarin magani sun cika buƙatun kamfanonin inshorar lafiyar Jamus, ƙwararrun likitocin kwakwalwa kan zaɓi ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ƙwarewa guda huɗu a horon digiri na biyu. Ga masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, wannan ya haɗa da shekaru uku na horo na aiki na cikakken lokaci (awanni 4,200), wanda ya ƙunshi horo na shekara guda a wata cibiyar ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da aka amince da ita, watanni shida na aikin asibiti a wani wurin kula da marasa lafiya, awanni 600 na ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da aka kula da shi a wurin kula da marasa lafiya, da aƙalla awanni 600 na taron karawa juna sani na ka'ida. [2] Ma'aikatan zamantakewa na iya kammala horon ƙwararru ga yara da matasa. [3] Hakazalika a Italiya, aikin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ya takaita ga waɗanda suka kammala karatun ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ko likitanci waɗanda suka kammala shekaru huɗu na horo na ƙwararru da aka amince da su. [4] [5] Sweden tana da irin wannan ƙuntatawa kan taken "mai ilimin halin ɗan adam", wanda ƙwararru ne kawai za su iya amfani da shi waɗanda suka kammala karatun digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin halin ɗan adam sannan suka nemi lasisi, wanda Hukumar Lafiya da Jin Daɗi ta Ƙasa ta bayar. [6] Dokar da aka kafa a Faransa ta takaita amfani da taken "mai ilimin halayyar ɗan adam" ga ƙwararru a cikin Rijistar Masu Ilimin Halin Dan Adam ta Ƙasa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arrêté du 9 juin 2010 relatif aux demandes d'inscription au registre national des psychothérapeutes |url=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000022336754&dateTexte=&categorieLien=id |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707010353/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000022336754&dateTexte=&categorieLien=id |archive-date=7 July 2010 |access-date=21 July 2010 |language=fr |ref={{Harvid|Arrêté du 9 juin 2010 relatif aux demandes d'inscription au registre national des psychothérapeutes|2010}}}}</ref> wanda ke buƙatar horo a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na asibiti da kuma lokacin horo wanda a buɗe yake ga likitoci ko takaddun digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ko nazarin halayyar ɗan adam kawai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Psychotherapy in France |url=https://www.europsyche.org/situation-of-psychotherapy-in-various-countries/france/ |access-date=2024-01-28 |website=European Association for Psychotherapy |language=en-US}}</ref> Austria da Switzerland (2011) suna da dokoki waɗanda suka amince da hanyoyin aiki daban-daban. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-09 |title=Religious Instruction Act (Federal Law) (RelUG), Quality of Continuing Professional Development of Teachers at University Colleges of Teacher Education (Decree) (QLWPH), Agreement between Austria and Switzerland on the Mutual Recognition of Equivalences in Higher Education - 1994 (Treaty) (ÖsterrSchwHE) |url=https://eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu/eurypedia/austria/legislation-and-official-policy-documents |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=European Commission |language=en}}</ref> A Burtaniya, gwamnati da [[Kwamitin Kula da Lafiya da Kulawa|Majalisar Kula da Ƙwararrun Ma'aikata ta Lafiya]] sun yi la'akari da yin rijistar doka ta dole amma sun yanke shawarar cewa ya fi kyau a bar wa ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru su tsara kansu, don haka Hukumar Kula da Ma'aunin Ƙwararru ta Lafiya da Kula da Jama'a (PSA) ta ƙaddamar da tsarin Rijistar Sa-kai Mai Amincewa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=UK Department of Health |author-link=Department of Health (United Kingdom) |date=21 February 2007 |title=Trust, assurance and safety: The regulation of health professionals |url=http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@en/documents/digitalasset/dh_065947.pdf |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130107105354/http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@en/documents/digitalasset/dh_065947.pdf |archive-date=7 January 2013 |access-date=22 February 2013 |publisher=[[The Stationery Office]] |type=White Paper}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=McGivern |first=Gerry |last2=Fischer |first2=Michael Daniel |date=February 2012 |title=Reactivity and reactions to regulatory transparency in medicine, psychotherapy and counselling |url=http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/45260/1/WRAP_McGivern_McGivern__Fischer_SSM_2012_Reactivity__Reactions_to_Regulatory_Transparency_in_Medicine_Psychotherapy__Counselling_%28Authors%27_version%29.pdf |journal=[[Social Science & Medicine]] |volume=74 |issue=3 |pages=289–296 |doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.09.035 |pmid=22104085}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Voluntary Registers: About Accreditation |url=http://www.professionalstandards.org.uk/voluntary-registers/about-accreditation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109103930/http://www.professionalstandards.org.uk/voluntary-registers/about-accreditation |archive-date=9 January 2014 |access-date=9 January 2014 |publisher=[[Professional Standards Authority for Health and Social Care]]}}</ref> Ba da shawara da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ba lakabi ne mai kariya a Burtaniya ba. Masu ba da shawara da masu ilimin halayyar ɗan adam waɗanda suka horar kuma suka cancanta zuwa wani matsayi (yawanci Difloma na mataki na 4) za su iya neman zama membobin ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru waɗanda aka jera a cikin Rijistar da aka Amince da PSA. === Amurka === A wasu jihohi, masu ba da shawara ko masu ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali dole ne su sami lasisin amfani da wasu kalmomi da taken kan tantance kai ko talla. A wasu jihohi, ƙuntatawa kan aikin suna da alaƙa da karɓar kuɗi. Jihohi daban-daban suna yin lasisi da ƙa'idoji. Gabatar da aikin a matsayin mai lasisi, amma ba tare da irin wannan lasisin ba, gabaɗaya haramun ne. [1] Ba tare da lasisi ba, misali, mai aiki ba zai iya yin lissafin kamfanonin inshora ba. [2] ] Ƙungiyar Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Amurka ce ke ba da bayanai game da lasisin jihar ga masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam. [3] Baya ga dokokin jiha, Ƙungiyar Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Amurka tana buƙatar membobinta su bi ''ƙa'idodin Ɗabi'a na Masana Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam da Dokar Ɗabi'a'' da aka buga. <ref>Ethical Principles (2010) of the American Psychological Association, online at {{Cite web |title=Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct |url=http://www.apa.org/ethics/code |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401172733/http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/ |archive-date=1 April 2015 |access-date=1 April 2015}}.</ref> Hukumar Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Amurka tana bincika kuma tana tabbatar da "masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam waɗanda ke nuna ƙwarewa a fannoni na musamman da aka amince da su a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na ƙwararru". <ref>{{Cite web |title=PUBLIC – American Board of Professional Psychology |url=http://www.abpp.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3285 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613131341/http://www.abpp.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3285 |archive-date=13 June 2011 |access-date=1 April 2015 |website=www.abpp.org}}</ref> === Kanada === Tsarin kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa yana ƙarƙashin ikon larduna da yankuna daban-daban, kuma ya bambanta a tsakanin su. A [[Kebek (lardi)|Quebec]], ilimin halayyar ɗan adam aiki ne da aka tsara wanda aka takaita ga masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, likitocin likita, da masu lasisin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da Ordre des psychologues du Québec, umarnin masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na Quebec suka bayar. Membobin wasu takamaiman sana'o'i, ciki har da ma'aikatan zamantakewa, ma'aikatan ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da na iyali, masu ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali na sana'a, masu ba da shawara kan jagoranci, masu ilimin laifuka, masu ilimin jima'i, [[Ilimin hankali|masu ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali]], da ma'aikatan jinya da aka yi wa rijista na iya samun izinin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ta hanyar cika wasu buƙatun ilimi da aiki; kulawarsu ta ƙwararru ana ba su ta hanyar umarnin ƙwararru. Wasu ƙwararrun da ke yin aikin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam kafin tsarin da ake amfani da shi a yanzu ya ci gaba da riƙe izinin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam kaɗai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Qui pratique la psychothérapie ? |url=https://www.ordrepsy.qc.ca/qui-pratique-la-psychotherapie- |access-date=2 November 2020 |website=Ordre des psychologues du Québec}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2019, Dokar Bacewar Mutane ta Ontario ta fara aiki, da nufin ba wa 'yan sanda ƙarin iko don bincika mutanen da suka ɓace. Yana ba 'yan sanda damar buƙatar (sabanin ba da izini) ƙwararrun lafiya, gami da masu ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, su raba wasu takardu na sirri game da abokin cinikinsu, idan akwai dalilin da zai sa a yi imanin cewa abokin cinikinsu ya ɓace. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=October 2019 |title=New Legislation: Missing Persons Act, 2018 |url=https://cpo.on.ca/wp-content/uploads/Complete-Issue-October-2019.pdf |journal=The E-Bulletin |volume=10 |issue=4 |page=6}}</ref> Wasu sun nuna damuwa cewa wannan dokar tana lalata sirrin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam kuma 'yan sanda na iya cin zarafin su ta hanyar mugunta, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mares |first=Beth |date=23 December 2019 |title=New police powers trump privacy in Ontario |url=https://www.therapytorontotherapist.ca/pp2.htm}}</ref> yayin da wasu suka yaba da dokar saboda yadda take girmama sirri kuma ta haɗa da bincike da daidaito. == Duba kuma == * Improving Access to Psychological Therapies * List of psychotherapy journals * Physical therapy – Profession that helps a disabled person function in everyday life * Psychosomatic medicine – Interdisciplinary medical field exploring various influences on bodily processes == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karatu == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles>  *   *   *   Two volumes. *   *   * {{Cite book|edition=Ann R.|url-access=Perez}} *   Two volumes. *   *   *   *   * {{Cite book|edition=Elizabeth}} *   *   {{Medical resources|ICD11={{ICD11|QB95.4}}|ICD10={{ICD10|Z50.4}}|ICD10CM=<!--{{ICD10CM|Xxx.xxxx}}-->|ICD9=|ICDO=|OMIM=|MedlinePlus=|eMedicineSubj=|eMedicineTopic=|PatientUK=|MeshID=D011613|NCI=|Scholia=Q183257|SNOMED CT=}}{{Psychology}}{{Psychotherapy}}<templatestyles src="Module:Portal bar/styles.css"></templatestyles> {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6prutxdoniwsbsagilyg2bzdftrcdwg 975066 975064 2026-11-01T23:14:12Z Salma Raddah 45959 975066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> {{Infobox medical intervention|image=|caption=|ICD10=|ICD9=|MeshID=D011613|OPS301=|other_codes=|HCPCSlevel2=|specialty=Psychology, psychiatry}}<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sidebar/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Excerpt/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Excerpt/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Excerpt/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Excerpt/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Excerpt/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Excerpt/styles.css"></templatestyles>'''Ilimin halin dan''' {{Databox}}{{Databox}}{{Databox}} '''Adam''' (har ma da '''ilimin halin dan Adam''', '''ilimin magana''', ko '''ilimin magana''' ) shine amfani da hanyoyin [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunani]], musamman idan aka yi la'akari da mu'amala ta kai tsaye, don taimakawa mutum ya canza hali, ya kara [[farin ciki]], da kuma shawo kan matsaloli. Ilimin halin dan Adam yana da nufin inganta lafiyar mutum da [[lafiyar kwakwalwa]], don warware ko rage matsaloli, imani, tilas, tunani, ko motsin rai, da kuma inganta dangantaka da kwarewar zamantakewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is Psychotherapy? |url=https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/psychotherapy |access-date=12 March 2022 |website=www.psychiatry.org}}</ref> An tsara nau'ikan ilimin halin dan Adam da yawa ko dai ga manya, iyalai, ko yara da matasa. Wasu nau'ikan ilimin halin dan Adam ana daukar su a matsayin shaida don magance cututtukan kwakwalwa da aka gano; wasu nau'ikan an soki su a matsayin kimiyyar karya. Duk da haka, aƙalla zuwa wani mataki, ilimin halin dan Adam yana samun goyon bayan ilimin halin dan Adam, galibi suna da tasiri mai ɗorewa fiye da magungunan gargajiya, kuma suna iya inganta tasirin magungunan gargajiya, gami da waɗanda suka shafi masu ilimin halin dan Adam. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kamenov |first=K. |last2=Twomey |first2=C. |last3=Cabello |first3=M. |last4=Prina |first4=A. M. |last5=Ayuso-Mateos |first5=J. L. |date=February 2017 |title=The efficacy of psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy and their combination on functioning and quality of life in depression: a meta-analysis |journal=Psychological Medicine |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=414–425 |doi=10.1017/S0033291716002774 |issn=1469-8978 |pmc=5244449 |pmid=27780478}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cavarra |first=Mauro |last2=Falzone |first2=Alessandra |last3=Ramaekers |first3=Johannes G. |last4=Kuypers |first4=Kim P. C. |last5=Mento |first5=Carmela |date=2022 |title=Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy-A Systematic Review of Associated Psychological Interventions |journal=Frontiers in Psychology |volume=13 |doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2022.887255 |issn=1664-1078 |pmc=9226617 |pmid=35756295 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dijkstra |first=Johannes M. |last2=Nagatsu |first2=Toshiharu |date=June 2022 |title=Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and Morita therapy (MT); comparison of three established psychotherapies and possible common neural mechanisms of psychotherapies |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00702-021-02450-9 |journal=Journal of Neural Transmission |language=en |volume=129 |issue=5–6 |pages=805–828 |doi=10.1007/s00702-021-02450-9 |issn=0300-9564 |pmid=34889976 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Akwai ɗaruruwan dabarun ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, wasu ƙananan bambance-bambance ne; wasu kuma sun dogara ne akan ra'ayoyi daban-daban na ilimin halayyar ɗan adam.<ref>{{Cite book|edition=Alfred}}</ref> Yawancin hanyoyin sun haɗa da zaman mutum-da-mutum, tsakanin abokin ciniki da mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali, amma wasu ana gudanar da su tare da ƙungiyoyi, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jeremy Schwartz |date=14 July 2017 |title=5 Reasons to Consider Group Therapy |url=http://health.usnews.com/health-care/for-better/articles/2017-07-14/5-reasons-to-consider-group-therapy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170722190031/http://health.usnews.com/health-care/for-better/articles/2017-07-14/5-reasons-to-consider-group-therapy |archive-date=22 July 2017 |website=US News}}</ref> gami da ma'aurata da iyalai . Masu ilimin tabin hankali na iya zama ƙwararru a fannin lafiyar kwakwalwa kamar likitocin tabin hankali, masu ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, ma'aikatan lafiyar kwakwalwa, ma'aikatan zamantakewa na asibiti, masu ilimin aure da iyali, ko kuma masu ba da shawara na ƙwararru masu lasisi . Masu ilimin tabin hankali suma na iya fitowa daga wasu asali daban-daban, kuma dangane da [[Yanke hukunci|ikon shari'a]], ana iya tsara su bisa doka, ko kuma ba a tsara su ba bisa ga son rai (kuma kalmar kanta na iya zama kariya ko a'a). Ya nuna ingancin gabaɗaya a cikin yanayi daban-daban, kodayake ingancinsa ya bambanta dangane da mutum da yanayi. Duk da cewa manyan bita suna tallafawa fa'idodinsa, ana ci gaba da muhawara kan mafi kyawun hanyoyin kimanta sakamako, gami da amfani da gwaje-gwajen da aka sarrafa bazuwar idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin da aka keɓance. Wani bita na 2022 na nazarin meta-bincike 102 ya gano cewa girman tasirin ga hanyoyin kwantar da hankali da magunguna gabaɗaya ƙanana ne, wanda ya sa masu bincike suka ba da shawarar canjin yanayin binciken lafiyar kwakwalwa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Leichsenring |first=Falk |last2=Steinert |first2=Christiane |last3=Rabung |first3=Sven |last4=Ioannidis |first4=John P. A. |author-link4=John Ioannidis |date=February 2022 |title=The efficacy of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies for mental disorders in adults: an umbrella review and meta-analytic evaluation of recent meta-analyses |journal=[[World Psychiatry]] |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=133–145 |doi=10.1002/wps.20941 |pmc=8751557 |pmid=35015359 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kodayake nau'ikan jiyya da yawa sun bambanta a cikin dabara, galibi suna samar da sakamako iri ɗaya, wanda ke haifar da ka'idoji cewa abubuwan da aka saba - kamar dangantakar warkewa - sune manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da inganci. Kalubalen sun haɗa da yawan fita daga aiki, ƙarancin fahimtar hanyoyin canji, yuwuwar illolin da za su iya haifarwa, da damuwa game da bin ka'idar mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali ga aminci ga magani. Masu suka sun tayar da tambayoyi game da tushen kimiyya na ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali, [[Al'ada|zato na al'adu]], da ƙarfin kuzari, yayin da wasu ke jayayya cewa ba a yi amfani da shi sosai ba idan aka kwatanta da [[Magungunan Masu Tabin Hankali|magungunan magunguna]] . == Ma'anoni == Kalmar ''[[wiktionary:psychotherapy|psychotherapy]]'' ta samo asali ne daga tsohuwar ''[[wiktionary:psyche|psyche]]'' ta Girka ( [[wiktionary:ψυχή|ψυχή]] ma'ana "numfashi; ruhu; rai") da ''therapeia'' ( [[wiktionary:θεραπεία|θεραπεία]] "warkarwa; magani"). ''Kamus na Turanci na Oxford'' ya bayyana shi a matsayin "Maganin rikice-rikicen hankali ko hali ta hanyar tunani...", duk da haka, a farkon amfani, yana nufin maganin cuta ta hanyar shawarar hypnotic. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Sau da yawa ana kiran ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a matsayin "maganin magana" ko "maganin magana", musamman ga masu sauraro gabaɗaya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Psychotherapy |url=http://www.nami.org/Learn-More/Treatment/Psychotherapy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329185701/http://www.nami.org/Learn-More/Treatment/Psychotherapy |archive-date=29 March 2015 |access-date=29 March 2015 |website=nami.org |publisher=[[National Alliance on Mental Illness]]}}</ref> kodayake ba duk nau'ikan ilimin halayyar ɗan adam sun dogara ne akan sadarwa ta baki ba . Yara ko manya waɗanda ba sa shiga cikin sadarwa ta baki (ko ba ta hanyar da aka saba ba) ba a ware su daga ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ba; hakika an tsara wasu nau'ikan don irin waɗannan lamuran. Ƙungiyar Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Amurka ta ɗauki ƙuduri kan ingancin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a shekarar 2012 bisa ga ma'anar da masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam John C. Norcross ya ƙirƙira: "Psychotherapy shine amfani da hanyoyin asibiti da kuma yanayin hulɗa da mutane da aka samo daga ƙa'idodin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da aka kafa don taimaka wa mutane su gyara halayensu, fahimta, motsin zuciyarsu, da/ko wasu halaye na mutum a cikin al'amuran da mahalarta suka ga suna da kyau". <ref name="resolution">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Campbell LF, Norcross JC, Vasquez MJ, Kaslow NJ |date=March 2013 |title=Recognition of psychotherapy effectiveness: the APA resolution |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236058462 |url-status=live |journal=[[Psychotherapy (journal)|Psychotherapy]] |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=98–101 |doi=10.1037/a0031817 |pmid=23505985 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101111335/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236058462_Recognition_of_Psychotherapy_Effectiveness_The_APA_Resolution |archive-date=1 January 2016}} The full text of the resolution: {{Cite web |date=August 2012 |title=Recognition of Psychotherapy Effectiveness |url=https://www.apa.org/about/policy/resolution-psychotherapy |website=www.apa.org}}</ref> Buga-buga masu tasiri na wani aikin likitan hauka Jerome Frank ya bayyana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a matsayin dangantaka ta warkarwa ta amfani da hanyoyin da aka ba da izini a cikin jerin hulɗa waɗanda suka haɗa da kalmomi, ayyuka da al'adu - waɗanda Frank ya ɗauka a matsayin nau'ikan lallashi da magana . A tarihi, ilimin halayyar ɗan adam wani lokacin yana nufin hanyoyin "fassarar" (watau [[Sigmund Freud|Freudian]] ), wato nazarin halayyar ɗan adam, sabanin sauran hanyoyin magance matsalolin tabin hankali kamar gyaran hali. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Richard Gregory|last3=Hans J. Eysenck}}</ref> Wasu ma'anoni na ba da shawara sun yi karo da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam (musamman a cikin hanyoyin da ba na jagora ba na abokin ciniki), ko kuma ba da shawara na iya nufin jagora ga matsalolin yau da kullun a wasu fannoni, yawanci na ɗan gajeren lokaci tare da ƙaramin mayar da hankali kan likitanci ko "ƙwararre". Somatotherapy yana nufin amfani da canje-canje na jiki azaman raunuka da cututtuka, da kuma ilimin zamantakewa don amfani da yanayin zamantakewa na mutum don yin tasirin canjin magani. Ilimin halin ɗan adam na iya magance ruhaniya a matsayin muhimmin ɓangare na rayuwar tunanin mutum/hankali, kuma wasu nau'ikan suna samo asali ne daga falsafar ruhaniya, amma ayyukan da suka dogara da ɗaukar ruhaniya a matsayin wani fanni daban ba lallai ba ne a ɗauki su a matsayin nau'ikan ilimin halin ɗan adam na gargajiya ko na 'halatta'. == Isarwa == Ana iya yin maganin ƙwaƙwalwa da kai (ɗaya bayan ɗaya, ko tare da ma'aurata, tare da iyalai, ko, cikin ƙungiyoyi) ko ta hanyar ba da shawara ta waya ko shawara ta kan layi (duba kuma § Maganin kwakwalwa ). <ref name="Wright2008">{{Cite journal |last=Wright |first=Jesse H. |date=1 December 2008 |title=Computer-Assisted Psychotherapy {{!}} Psychiatric Times |url=https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/articles/computer-assisted-psychotherapy |url-status=live |journal=Psychiatric Times |series=Psychiatric Times Vol 25 No 14 |volume=25 |issue=14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924083317/https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/articles/computer-assisted-psychotherapy |archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref> An kuma sami ci gaba a fannin maganin da kwamfuta ke taimaka wa mutane, kamar maganin gaskiya na kama-da-wane don fallasa halaye, shirye-shiryen multimedia don koyar da dabarun fahimta, da na'urorin hannu don inganta sa ido ko aiwatar da ra'ayoyi (duba kuma § Ana tallafawa ta kwamfuta ). <ref name="Wright2008" /> <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Carroll KM, Rounsaville BJ |date=October 2010 |title=Computer-assisted therapy in psychiatry: be brave-it's a new world |journal=Current Psychiatry Reports |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=426–32 |doi=10.1007/s11920-010-0146-2 |pmc=2967758 |pmid=20683681}}</ref> Yawancin nau'ikan ilimin halayyar ɗan adam suna amfani da tattaunawa ta magana. Wasu kuma suna amfani da wasu nau'ikan sadarwa daban-daban kamar rubutun kalmomi, zane-zane, wasan kwaikwayo, labarin labari ko kiɗa. Ilimin halayyar ɗan adam tare da yara da iyayensu galibi ya ƙunshi wasa, wasan kwaikwayo (watau wasan kwaikwayo), da zane, tare da labarin da aka gina tare daga waɗannan hanyoyin hulɗa marasa magana da waɗanda aka canja. <ref>{{Cite book|edition=Raz|url-access=Susser}}</ref> Wasu saitunan magani suna amfani da kayan aikin dijital don taimakawa wajen rubuta takardu na zaman. Misali, tsarin yanayi, suna amfani da fahimtar magana wanda ke ɗaukar tattaunawar likita-marasa lafiya kuma yana samar da daftarin bayanai don sake dubawa daga baya. Waɗannan kayan aikin, waɗanda masu siyarwa daban-daban suka bayar, gami da Twofold Health, dole ne su bi ƙa'idodin sirri da tsaro kamar waɗanda aka tsara a cikin HIPAA. <ref name="JMIR20234">{{Cite journal |last=Zhang |first=J. |year=2023 |title=Using HIPAA-Compliant Transcription Services for Virtual Psychiatric Interviews: Pilot Comparison Study |journal=JMIR Mental Health |volume=10 |issue=1 |doi=10.2196/48517 |pmc=10646674 |pmid=37906217 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name="RTF_AI">{{Cite web |date=2024-04-18 |title=3 AI Tools for Smarter, Faster Clinical Documentation |url=https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/technologies/gp3893-3-ai-tools-for-smarter-faster-clinical-documentation/ |access-date=2025-11-03 |website=Rethinking The Future}}</ref> <ref name="OrbDoc">{{Cite web |date=2 October 2025 |title=AI Medical Scribe for Mental Health & Behavioral Health |url=https://orbdoc.com/specialties/mental-health-behavioral/ |access-date=2025-11-03 |website=OrbDoc}}</ref> <ref name="Expertsay">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-12 |title=AI Therapy Note Tools That Are Actually HIPAA-Compliant |url=https://expertsay.blog/ai-therapy-note-tools-that-are-actually-hipaa-compliant/ |access-date=2025-11-03 |website=Expertsay Blog}}</ref> == Dokoki == Masu ilimin tabin hankali a al'ada na iya zama ƙwararru a fannin lafiyar kwakwalwa kamar masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da masu ilimin tabin hankali; ƙwararru daga wasu fannoni (masu ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali na iyali, ma'aikatan zamantakewa na asibiti, ma'aikatan jinya, da sauransu) waɗanda suka horar a wani takamaiman ilimin tabin hankali; ko (a wasu lokuta) ƙwararru masu ilimi ko waɗanda suka sami horo a fannin kimiyya. Baya ga horon, ƙasashe da yawa suna buƙatar mai ilimin tabin hankali ya yi rijista da wata ƙungiya ta ƙwararru domin a ba su izinin bayar da ayyuka. Ana fara horar da likitocin tabin hankali a matsayin likitoci, kuma saboda haka suna iya rubuta [[Ƙwaya|maganin da likita ya rubuta]] ; kuma horon tabin hankali na musamman yana farawa bayan kammala karatun likitanci a fannin kula da tabin hankali: duk da haka, ƙwarewarsu tana cikin cututtukan tabin hankali ko nau'ikan cututtukan kwakwalwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=How to Become a Psychiatrist – Career Path, Salary and Job Description {{!}} UniversityHQ |url=https://universityhq.org/how-to-become/psychiatrist-careers/ |access-date=13 March 2022 |website=universityhq.org}}</ref> Masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na asibiti suna da digiri na uku na musamman a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam tare da wasu sassan asibiti da bincike. Sauran masu aikin likitanci, [[Clinical social workers|ma'aikatan zamantakewa na asibiti]], masu ba da shawara kan lafiyar kwakwalwa, masu ba da shawara kan kiwon lafiya, da ma'aikatan jinya waɗanda ke da ƙwarewa a fannin lafiyar kwakwalwa, suma galibi suna gudanar da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam. Yawancin shirye-shiryen horar da ilimin tabin hankali iri-iri da kuma wurare na cibiyoyi ƙwararru ne da yawa. A yawancin ƙasashe, ana kammala horon ilimin tabin hankali a matakin digiri na biyu, sau da yawa a matakin digiri na biyu (ko digiri na uku), sama da shekaru huɗu, tare da kulawa mai mahimmanci a fannin asibiti da kuma wuraren aikin likita. Ƙwararrun likitocin kwakwalwa waɗanda suka zaɓi ƙwarewa a fannin ilimin tabin hankali suma suna buƙatar shirin ci gaba da ilimin ƙwararru bayan horo na ƙwararru na asali. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Training {{!}} APsaA |url=https://apsa.org/psychoanalytic-psychotherapy-training |access-date=26 March 2022 |website=apsa.org }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ƙungiyar Kula da Lafiyar Halayyar Dan Adam ta Turai (EAP) ta ƙirƙiro jerin ƙwararrun ƙwararru na ƙwararren masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na Turai a shekarar 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Professional Competencies of a European Psychotherapist: Home Page |url=http://www.psychotherapy-competency.eu/index.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708052131/http://psychotherapy-competency.eu/index.php |archive-date=8 July 2017 |access-date=25 January 2018}}</ref> Ganin cewa galibi ana tattauna batutuwa masu mahimmanci da zurfi na sirri a lokacin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, ana sa ran masu ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, kuma galibi doka ta daure su girmama sirrin abokin ciniki ko majiyyaci. Muhimmancin sirrin abokin ciniki - da kuma iyakantaccen yanayi da za a iya buƙatar karya shi don kare abokan ciniki ko wasu - an tsara shi a cikin ƙa'idodin ayyukan ɗabi'a na ƙungiyoyin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam. <ref>Ethical Principles (2010) of the American Psychological Association, Standard 4: Privacy and Confidentiality online at {{Cite web |title=Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct |url=http://www.apa.org/ethics/code |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401172733/http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/ |archive-date=1 April 2015 |access-date=1 April 2015}}.</ref> Misalan lokacin da aka saba yarda da karya sirri sun haɗa da lokacin da mai ilimin halayyar ya san cewa ana cin zarafin yaro ko babba; lokacin da akwai barazanar kai tsaye, bayyananne kuma nan gaba na mummunan cutarwa ga kai ko wani mutum. A wasu ƙasashe, doka ta buƙaci masu ilimin halayyar ɗan adam su zama masu ba da rahoto . === Turai === Ya zuwa shekarar 2015, har yanzu akwai bambance-bambance da yawa tsakanin ƙasashen Turai daban-daban game da ƙa'idoji da bayar da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam. Ƙasashe da dama ba su da ƙa'idojin aikin ko kuma babu kariyar takardar shaidar. Wasu suna da tsarin yin rijistar son rai, tare da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru masu zaman kansu, yayin da wasu ƙasashe ke ƙoƙarin takaita aikin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ga 'ƙwararrun likitocin kwakwalwa' (masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da likitocin tabin hankali) tare da horon da gwamnati ta ba su izini. Lakabin da aka kare suma sun bambanta. Ƙungiyar Kula da Ilimin Halin Ɗan Adam ta Turai (EAP) ta kafa Sanarwar Strasbourg ta 1990 kan Ilimin Halin Ɗan Adam, wadda aka keɓe don kafa sana'ar ilimin halayyar ɗan adam mai zaman kanta a Turai, tare da ƙa'idodin Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Appendix 1a |url=http://www.psychotherapy-competency.eu/Appendices/appendix1.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127013001/http://www.psychotherapy-competency.eu/Appendices/appendix1.php |archive-date=27 January 2011}}</ref> EAP ta riga ta yi hulɗa mai mahimmanci da Hukumar Tarayyar Turai da Tarayyar Turai don wannan manufa. Ganin cewa [[Tarayyar Turai]] tana da babban manufa game da 'yancin zirga-zirgar ma'aikata a cikin Turai, dokokin Turai na iya soke ƙa'idodin ƙasa waɗanda, a zahiri, nau'ikan ayyuka ne na ƙuntatawa. A Jamus, aikin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ga manya ya takaita ga ƙwararrun masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da likitoci (gami da likitocin tabin hankali) waɗanda suka kammala shekaru da yawa na horo na aiki da takaddun shaida a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam. [1] Ganin cewa nazarin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, da kuma ilimin tsarin magani sun cika buƙatun kamfanonin inshorar lafiyar Jamus, ƙwararrun likitocin kwakwalwa kan zaɓi ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ƙwarewa guda huɗu a horon digiri na biyu. Ga masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, wannan ya haɗa da shekaru uku na horo na aiki na cikakken lokaci (awanni 4,200), wanda ya ƙunshi horo na shekara guda a wata cibiyar ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da aka amince da ita, watanni shida na aikin asibiti a wani wurin kula da marasa lafiya, awanni 600 na ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da aka kula da shi a wurin kula da marasa lafiya, da aƙalla awanni 600 na taron karawa juna sani na ka'ida. [2] Ma'aikatan zamantakewa na iya kammala horon ƙwararru ga yara da matasa. [3] Hakazalika a Italiya, aikin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ya takaita ga waɗanda suka kammala karatun ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ko likitanci waɗanda suka kammala shekaru huɗu na horo na ƙwararru da aka amince da su. [4] [5] Sweden tana da irin wannan ƙuntatawa kan taken "mai ilimin halin ɗan adam", wanda ƙwararru ne kawai za su iya amfani da shi waɗanda suka kammala karatun digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin halin ɗan adam sannan suka nemi lasisi, wanda Hukumar Lafiya da Jin Daɗi ta Ƙasa ta bayar. [6] Dokar da aka kafa a Faransa ta takaita amfani da taken "mai ilimin halayyar ɗan adam" ga ƙwararru a cikin Rijistar Masu Ilimin Halin Dan Adam ta Ƙasa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arrêté du 9 juin 2010 relatif aux demandes d'inscription au registre national des psychothérapeutes |url=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000022336754&dateTexte=&categorieLien=id |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707010353/http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000022336754&dateTexte=&categorieLien=id |archive-date=7 July 2010 |access-date=21 July 2010 |language=fr |ref={{Harvid|Arrêté du 9 juin 2010 relatif aux demandes d'inscription au registre national des psychothérapeutes|2010}}}}</ref> wanda ke buƙatar horo a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na asibiti da kuma lokacin horo wanda a buɗe yake ga likitoci ko takaddun digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ko nazarin halayyar ɗan adam kawai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Psychotherapy in France |url=https://www.europsyche.org/situation-of-psychotherapy-in-various-countries/france/ |access-date=2024-01-28 |website=European Association for Psychotherapy |language=en-US}}</ref> Austria da Switzerland (2011) suna da dokoki waɗanda suka amince da hanyoyin aiki daban-daban. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-09 |title=Religious Instruction Act (Federal Law) (RelUG), Quality of Continuing Professional Development of Teachers at University Colleges of Teacher Education (Decree) (QLWPH), Agreement between Austria and Switzerland on the Mutual Recognition of Equivalences in Higher Education - 1994 (Treaty) (ÖsterrSchwHE) |url=https://eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu/eurypedia/austria/legislation-and-official-policy-documents |access-date=2025-11-26 |website=European Commission |language=en}}</ref> A Burtaniya, gwamnati da [[Kwamitin Kula da Lafiya da Kulawa|Majalisar Kula da Ƙwararrun Ma'aikata ta Lafiya]] sun yi la'akari da yin rijistar doka ta dole amma sun yanke shawarar cewa ya fi kyau a bar wa ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru su tsara kansu, don haka Hukumar Kula da Ma'aunin Ƙwararru ta Lafiya da Kula da Jama'a (PSA) ta ƙaddamar da tsarin Rijistar Sa-kai Mai Amincewa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=UK Department of Health |author-link=Department of Health (United Kingdom) |date=21 February 2007 |title=Trust, assurance and safety: The regulation of health professionals |url=http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@en/documents/digitalasset/dh_065947.pdf |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130107105354/http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@en/documents/digitalasset/dh_065947.pdf |archive-date=7 January 2013 |access-date=22 February 2013 |publisher=[[The Stationery Office]] |type=White Paper}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=McGivern |first=Gerry |last2=Fischer |first2=Michael Daniel |date=February 2012 |title=Reactivity and reactions to regulatory transparency in medicine, psychotherapy and counselling |url=http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/45260/1/WRAP_McGivern_McGivern__Fischer_SSM_2012_Reactivity__Reactions_to_Regulatory_Transparency_in_Medicine_Psychotherapy__Counselling_%28Authors%27_version%29.pdf |journal=[[Social Science & Medicine]] |volume=74 |issue=3 |pages=289–296 |doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.09.035 |pmid=22104085}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Voluntary Registers: About Accreditation |url=http://www.professionalstandards.org.uk/voluntary-registers/about-accreditation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109103930/http://www.professionalstandards.org.uk/voluntary-registers/about-accreditation |archive-date=9 January 2014 |access-date=9 January 2014 |publisher=[[Professional Standards Authority for Health and Social Care]]}}</ref> Ba da shawara da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ba lakabi ne mai kariya a Burtaniya ba. Masu ba da shawara da masu ilimin halayyar ɗan adam waɗanda suka horar kuma suka cancanta zuwa wani matsayi (yawanci Difloma na mataki na 4) za su iya neman zama membobin ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru waɗanda aka jera a cikin Rijistar da aka Amince da PSA. === Amurka === A wasu jihohi, masu ba da shawara ko masu ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali dole ne su sami lasisin amfani da wasu kalmomi da taken kan tantance kai ko talla. A wasu jihohi, ƙuntatawa kan aikin suna da alaƙa da karɓar kuɗi. Jihohi daban-daban suna yin lasisi da ƙa'idoji. Gabatar da aikin a matsayin mai lasisi, amma ba tare da irin wannan lasisin ba, gabaɗaya haramun ne. [1] Ba tare da lasisi ba, misali, mai aiki ba zai iya yin lissafin kamfanonin inshora ba. [2] ] Ƙungiyar Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Amurka ce ke ba da bayanai game da lasisin jihar ga masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam. [3] Baya ga dokokin jiha, Ƙungiyar Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Amurka tana buƙatar membobinta su bi ''ƙa'idodin Ɗabi'a na Masana Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam da Dokar Ɗabi'a'' da aka buga. <ref>Ethical Principles (2010) of the American Psychological Association, online at {{Cite web |title=Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct |url=http://www.apa.org/ethics/code |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150401172733/http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/ |archive-date=1 April 2015 |access-date=1 April 2015}}.</ref> Hukumar Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Amurka tana bincika kuma tana tabbatar da "masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam waɗanda ke nuna ƙwarewa a fannoni na musamman da aka amince da su a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na ƙwararru". <ref>{{Cite web |title=PUBLIC – American Board of Professional Psychology |url=http://www.abpp.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3285 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613131341/http://www.abpp.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3285 |archive-date=13 June 2011 |access-date=1 April 2015 |website=www.abpp.org}}</ref> === Kanada === Tsarin kula da lafiyar kwakwalwa yana ƙarƙashin ikon larduna da yankuna daban-daban, kuma ya bambanta a tsakanin su. A [[Kebek (lardi)|Quebec]], ilimin halayyar ɗan adam aiki ne da aka tsara wanda aka takaita ga masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, likitocin likita, da masu lasisin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da Ordre des psychologues du Québec, umarnin masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na Quebec suka bayar. Membobin wasu takamaiman sana'o'i, ciki har da ma'aikatan zamantakewa, ma'aikatan ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da na iyali, masu ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali na sana'a, masu ba da shawara kan jagoranci, masu ilimin laifuka, masu ilimin jima'i, [[Ilimin hankali|masu ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali]], da ma'aikatan jinya da aka yi wa rijista na iya samun izinin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ta hanyar cika wasu buƙatun ilimi da aiki; kulawarsu ta ƙwararru ana ba su ta hanyar umarnin ƙwararru. Wasu ƙwararrun da ke yin aikin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam kafin tsarin da ake amfani da shi a yanzu ya ci gaba da riƙe izinin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam kaɗai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Qui pratique la psychothérapie ? |url=https://www.ordrepsy.qc.ca/qui-pratique-la-psychotherapie- |access-date=2 November 2020 |website=Ordre des psychologues du Québec}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2019, Dokar Bacewar Mutane ta Ontario ta fara aiki, da nufin ba wa 'yan sanda ƙarin iko don bincika mutanen da suka ɓace. Yana ba 'yan sanda damar buƙatar (sabanin ba da izini) ƙwararrun lafiya, gami da masu ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, su raba wasu takardu na sirri game da abokin cinikinsu, idan akwai dalilin da zai sa a yi imanin cewa abokin cinikinsu ya ɓace. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=October 2019 |title=New Legislation: Missing Persons Act, 2018 |url=https://cpo.on.ca/wp-content/uploads/Complete-Issue-October-2019.pdf |journal=The E-Bulletin |volume=10 |issue=4 |page=6}}</ref> Wasu sun nuna damuwa cewa wannan dokar tana lalata sirrin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam kuma 'yan sanda na iya cin zarafin su ta hanyar mugunta, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mares |first=Beth |date=23 December 2019 |title=New police powers trump privacy in Ontario |url=https://www.therapytorontotherapist.ca/pp2.htm}}</ref> yayin da wasu suka yaba da dokar saboda yadda take girmama sirri kuma ta haɗa da bincike da daidaito. == Duba kuma == * Improving Access to Psychological Therapies * List of psychotherapy journals * Physical therapy – Profession that helps a disabled person function in everyday life * Psychosomatic medicine – Interdisciplinary medical field exploring various influences on bodily processes == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karatu == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles>  *   *   *   Two volumes. *   *   * {{Cite book|edition=Ann R.|url-access=Perez}} *   Two volumes. *   *   *   *   * {{Cite book|edition=Elizabeth}} *   *   {{Medical resources|ICD11={{ICD11|QB95.4}}|ICD10={{ICD10|Z50.4}}|ICD10CM=<!--{{ICD10CM|Xxx.xxxx}}-->|ICD9=|ICDO=|OMIM=|MedlinePlus=|eMedicineSubj=|eMedicineTopic=|PatientUK=|MeshID=D011613|NCI=|Scholia=Q183257|SNOMED CT=}}{{Psychology}}{{Psychotherapy}}<templatestyles src="Module:Portal bar/styles.css"></templatestyles> {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] arsfgpp754hdr7hst2gflyvzgjmfs0p 0 156903 975082 891146 2026-11-02T00:04:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ciwon daji na Adrenocortical''' ( '''ACC''' ) wani [[Sankara|ciwon daji]] ne mai tsanani wanda ya samo asali daga cortex (nama mai samar da hormones na steroid ) na glandar adrenal . Ciwon daji na Adrenocortical abu ne mai ban mamaki ga yawancin cututtukan hormonal da ke faruwa a cikin marasa lafiya da ke da ciwon daji na steroid ("aiki"), ciki har da [[Ciwon Cushing|cutar Cushing]], Conn syndrome, virilization, da feminization . Ciwon daji na Adrenocortical sau da yawa yakan mamaye kyallen da ke kusa ko kuma [[Metastasis|ya bazu]] zuwa ga gabobin da ke nesa a lokacin ganewar asali, kuma jimillar adadin rayuwa na shekaru 5 shine kusan kashi 50%. <ref name="CancerNet">{{Cite web |date=25 June 2012 |title=Adrenal Gland Tumor: Statistics |url=https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/adrenal-gland-tumor/statistics |access-date=2020-07-01 |website=Cancer.net |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703000945/https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/adrenal-gland-tumor/statistics |archive-date=2020-07-03 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ciwon daji na Adrenocortical ƙari ne mai wuya, wanda ke faruwa tsakanin mutum ɗaya zuwa biyu a kowace miliyan a kowace shekara. <ref name="WangSun2014">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Wang C, Sun Y, Wu H, Zhao D, Chen J |date=March 2014 |title=Distinguishing adrenal cortical carcinomas and adenomas: a study of clinicopathological features and biomarkers |journal=Histopathology |volume=64 |issue=4 |pages=567–576 |doi=10.1111/his.12283 |pmc=4282325 |pmid=24102952}}</ref> <ref name="Fassnacht18">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Fassnacht M, Dekkers OM, Else T, Baudin E, Berruti A, de Krijger R, Haak HR, Mihai R, Assie G, Terzolo M |date=October 2018 |title=European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of adrenocortical carcinoma in adults, in collaboration with the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors |journal=European Journal of Endocrinology |language=en-US |volume=179 |issue=4 |pages=G1–G46 |doi=10.1530/EJE-18-0608 |pmid=30299884 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> <ref name="Fassnacht12">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Fassnacht M, Terzolo M, Allolio B, Baudin E, Haak H, Berruti A, Welin S, Schade-Brittinger C, Lacroix A, Jarzab B, Sorbye H, Torpy DJ, Stepan V, Schteingart DE, Arlt W, Kroiss M, Leboulleux S, Sperone P, Sundin A, Hermsen I, Hahner S, Willenberg HS, Tabarin A, Quinkler M, de la Fouchardière C, Schlumberger M, Mantero F, Weismann D, Beuschlein F, Gelderblom H, Wilmink H, Sender M, Edgerly M, Kenn W, Fojo T, Müller HH, Skogseid B |date=June 2012 |title=Combination chemotherapy in advanced adrenocortical carcinoma |journal=The New England Journal of Medicine |volume=366 |issue=23 |pages=2189–97 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1200966 |pmid=22551107 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> <ref name="UTDACC">{{Cite web |date=2006-08-08 |title=Clinical presentation and evaluation of adrenocortical tumors |url=http://www.uptodateonline.com/utd/content/topic.do?topicKey=adrenal/17707&type=A&selectedTitle=1~16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929002439/http://www.uptodateonline.com/utd/content/topic.do?topicKey=adrenal%2F17707&type=A&selectedTitle=1~16 |archive-date=2007-09-29 |access-date=2007-06-05 |website=UpToDate Online v. 15.1 |publisher=UpToDate}}</ref> Yana da rarrabawar bimodal bisa ga shekaru, tare da kamuwa da cuta a cikin yara 'yan ƙasa da shekara 5 da kuma manya 'yan shekara 30-40. <ref name="DeVita" /> An gano nau'in ƙwayar halittar da ke samar da [[steroid]] mai amsawa ga angiotensin-II H295R da aka fi amfani da shi sosai daga ciwon da aka gano a matsayin ciwon daji na adrenocortical. <ref name="TP-160129-001">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Wang T, Rainey WE |date=March 2012 |title=Human adrenocortical carcinoma cell lines |journal=Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology |volume=351 |issue=1 |pages=58–65 |doi=10.1016/j.mce.2011.08.041 |pmc=3288152 |pmid=21924324}}</ref> <ref name="TP-150519-002">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Gazdar AF, Oie HK, Shackleton CH, Chen TR, Triche TJ, Myers CE, Chrousos GP, Brennan MF, Stein CA, La Rocca RV |date=September 1990 |title=Establishment and characterization of a human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line that expresses multiple pathways of steroid biosynthesis |url=http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/50/17/5488.long |journal=Cancer Research |volume=50 |issue=17 |pages=5488–96 |pmid=2386954}}</ref> Ciwon daji na Adrenocortical na iya faruwa a kowane zamani, inda mafi yawan kamuwa da cutar ke tsakanin shekaru 40 zuwa 60. Mata sun fi kamuwa da cutar (55 zuwa 60%) fiye da maza (40 zuwa 45%). Ciwon daji na Adrenocortical yawanci yakan faru ne lokaci-lokaci a cikin manya. Duk da haka, wani lokacin suna faruwa a matsayin wani ɓangare na cututtukan gado, kamar: * Ciwon Li-Fraumeni * Ciwon Lynch * Ciwon daji na endocrine da yawa (MEN) * Ciwon polyposis na iyali (duba kuma ciwon adenomatous ) <ref name="Fassnacht18"/> == Alamomi da Alamomi == Ciwon daji na Adrenocortical na iya bayyana ta hanyoyi daban-daban a cikin yara da manya. Yawancin ciwace-ciwacen da ke cikin yara suna aiki, kuma kamuwa da cutar virilization shine mafi yawan alamun da ke bayyana, sai kuma [[ciwon Cushing]] da kuma balaga kafin lokacin balaga . Daga cikin manya da ke da ciwon hormonal, cutar Cushing ita ce ta fi yawa, sai kuma kamuwa da Cushing da virilization ( glucocorticoid da androgen overproduction). Ciwon Feminization da Conn syndrome (yawan mineralocorticoid ) suna faruwa a ƙasa da kashi 10% na lokuta. Ba kasafai ake samun rahoton yawan fitar catecholamines kamar pheochromocytoma a cikin ciwon daji na adrenocortical ba. Ciwon daji marasa aiki (kusan kashi 40%, hukumomi sun bambanta) yawanci yana tare da ciwon ciki ko gefen jiki, varicocele, da thrombosis na jijiyoyin koda <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Cheungpasitporn W, Horne JM, Howarth CB |date=August 2011 |title=Adrenocortical carcinoma presenting as varicocele and renal vein thrombosis: a case report |journal=Journal of Medical Case Reports |volume=5 |doi=10.1186/1752-1947-5-337 |pmc=3160386 |pmid=21806824 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ko kuma suna iya zama marasa alamun cutar kuma an gano su ba zato ba tsammani. <ref name="UTDACC" /> Ya kamata a yi wa duk marasa lafiya da ake zargin suna da ACC cikakken bayani don gano alamun da ke tattare da cututtukan hormonal. Ga cutar Cushing (yawan glucocorticoid), waɗannan sun haɗa da [[Ƙara nauyi|ƙaruwar nauyi]], ɓatar da tsoka, layukan shunayya a ciki, " ƙugu mai kitse " a wuya, fuska mai kama da wata, da kuma siririn fata mai rauni. Ƙwayar cuta (yawan androgen) ta fi bayyana a cikin mata, kuma tana iya haifar da yawan gashi a fuska da jiki, kuraje, faɗaɗa clitoris, zurfafa murya, ƙaiƙayin fuska, daina haila . Ciwon Conn (yawan mineralcorticoid) yana da alaƙa da [[hawan jini]], wanda zai iya haifar da [[ciwon kai]] da rashin isasshen sinadarin potassium a cikin jini, wanda hakan zai iya haifar da rauni a tsoka, ruɗani, da bugun zuciya ), ƙarancin aikin renin a cikin jini, da kuma yawan aldosterone a cikin jini. Ana iya ganin Feminization (yawan estrogen ) a cikin maza cikin sauƙi, kuma ya haɗa da faɗaɗa nono, raguwar sha'awa, da [[Rashin aiki na erectile|rashin ƙarfi]] . <ref name="UTDACC"/> <ref>Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL. ''Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine''. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005. {{ISBN|0-07-139140-1}}</ref> == Ilimin Halittar Jiki == Ba a san babban abin da ke haifar da cutar ACC ba, duk da cewa iyalai masu fama da cutar Li–Fraumeni, wadda maye gurbi na rashin aiki da aka gada a cikin ''TP53'' ke haifarwa, suna da ƙarin haɗari. An nuna cewa kwayoyin halitta da dama suna canzawa akai-akai, ciki har da <nowiki><i id="mwkA">TP53</i></nowiki>, ''CTNNB1'', ''MEN1'', ''PRKAR1A'', ''RPL22'', da ''DAXX'' . <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Zheng S, Cherniack AD, Dewal N, Moffitt RA, Danilova L, Murray BA, Lerario AM, Else T, Knijnenburg TA, Ciriello G, Kim S, Assie G, Morozova O, Akbani R, Shih J, Hoadley KA, Choueiri TK, Waldmann J, Mete O, Robertson AG, Wu HT, Raphael BJ, Shao L, Meyerson M, Demeure MJ, Beuschlein F, Gill AJ, Sidhu SB, Almeida MQ, Fragoso MC, Cope LM, Kebebew E, Habra MA, Whitsett TG, Bussey KJ, Rainey WE, Asa SL, Bertherat J, Fassnacht M, Wheeler DA, Hammer GD, Giordano TJ, Verhaak RG |date=May 2016 |title=Comprehensive Pan-Genomic Characterization of Adrenocortical Carcinoma |journal=Cancer Cell |volume=29 |issue=5 |pages=723–736 |doi=10.1016/j.ccell.2016.04.002 |pmc=4864952 |pmid=27165744}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Assié G, Letouzé E, Fassnacht M, Jouinot A, Luscap W, Barreau O, Omeiri H, Rodriguez S, Perlemoine K, René-Corail F, Elarouci N, Sbiera S, Kroiss M, Allolio B, Waldmann J, Quinkler M, Mannelli M, Mantero F, Papathomas T, De Krijger R, Tabarin A, Kerlan V, Baudin E, Tissier F, Dousset B, Groussin L, Amar L, Clauser E, Bertagna X, Ragazzon B, Beuschlein F, Libé R, de Reyniès A, Bertherat J |date=June 2014 |title=Integrated genomic characterization of adrenocortical carcinoma |journal=Nature Genetics |volume=46 |issue=6 |pages=607–612 |doi=10.1038/ng.2953 |pmid=24747642 |s2cid=13089427}}</ref> Ana ƙara yawan kwayar halittar telomerase ''TERT'' yayin da ake cire ''[[ZNRF3]]'' da ''CDKN2A'' ta hanyar homozyg. <ref name=":0" /> Kwayoyin halittar ''h19'', insulin-like growth factor II ( <nowiki><i id="mwsA">IGF-II</i></nowiki> ), da ''p57 ^kip2'' suna da mahimmanci ga girma da ci gaban tayi. Suna kan chromosome 11p. Bayyanar kwayar halittar ''h19'' yana raguwa sosai a cikin carcinomas na adrenal cortical marasa aiki da aiki, musamman a cikin ciwace-ciwacen da ke samar da [[cortisol]] da aldosterone . Haka kuma, asarar aiki na samfurin kwayar halittar ''p57 <small>kip2</small>'' a cikin adenomas masu kama da virilizing da adrenal cortical carcinomas. Sabanin haka, an nuna cewa bayyanar kwayar halittar ''IGF-II'' tana da yawa a cikin adrenal cortical carcinomas. A ƙarshe, bayyanar kwayar halittar ''c-myc'' tana da yawa a cikin neoplasms, kuma sau da yawa ana danganta ta da rashin kyakkyawan hasashen. Ciwon adrenocortical na biyu ba shi da yawa fiye da na gefe ɗaya. Yawancin ciwon adrenocortical na biyu za a iya bambanta su gwargwadon girma da yanayin ƙwayoyin cuta: cutar adrenocortical ta farko mai launin shuɗi, wadda za ta iya zama ta lokaci-lokaci ko kuma wani ɓangare na Carney complex, da kuma babban macro nodular adrenal hyperplasia ta biyu. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> [[Metastasis|Ciwon hanta (metastasis)]] ya fi yawa a hanta da [[huhu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=James Norman |date=16 February 2023 |title=Diseases of the Adrenal Cortex: Adrenal Cancer |url=https://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/adrenal-cancer/diseases-adrenal-cortex-adrenal-cancer-0 |website=EndocrineWeb}} Updated on: 04/14/16</ref> == Ganewar Ganewa == === Gano abin da ya faru === Kimanin kashi 30% na ciwon daji na glandar adrenal ana gano su ta hanyar bazata ( incidencendalomas ). Duk da haka, yuwuwar cewa ciwon daji na glandar adrenal shine ciwon daji na adrenal cortex yana da ƙasa sosai. Adenomas sun fi yawa a wannan yanayin. Sauran ciwon daji marasa lahani ko masu cutarwa suma na iya zama sanadin hakan. <ref name="Fassnacht18"/> === Sakamakon dakin gwaje-gwaje === Ya kamata a tabbatar da cututtukan Hormonal ta hanyar gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Sakamakon dakin gwaje-gwaje a cikin cutar Cushing sun haɗa da ƙaruwar glucose a cikin jini (sukarin jini) da ƙaruwar [[cortisol]] a cikin fitsari. Ana tabbatar da kasancewar adrenal virilism ta hanyar gano yawan androstenedione da dehydroepiandrosterone a cikin jini. Abubuwan da aka gano a cikin Conn syndrome sun haɗa da ƙarancin potassium a cikin jini, ƙarancin aikin renin a cikin jini, da yawan aldosterone a cikin jini. Ana tabbatar da kasancewar mace ta hanyar gano yawan estrogen a cikin jini. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === Hoto === Nazarin rediyo a cikin ciki, kamar [[CT scan|na'urar daukar hoton CT]] da hoton maganadisu suna da amfani wajen gano wurin da ciwon yake, da bambance shi da sauran cututtuka, kamar adrenocortical adenoma, da kuma tantance girman mamayar ciwon zuwa ga gabobin da kyallen da ke kewaye. A kan CT, yana nuna bayyanar da ba ta da bambanci saboda necrosis, calcifications, da zubar jini. Bayan allurar da aka yi wa maganin, yana nuna ƙaruwar gefen jiki. Mamayar gine-gine da ke kusa da su kamar koda, vena cava, hanta, da kuma retroperitoneal lymph nodes suma sun zama ruwan dare. <ref name="Albano 2019">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Albano D, Agnello F, Midiri F, Pecoraro G, Bruno A, Alongi P, Toia P, Di Buono G, Agrusa A, Sconfienza LM, Pardo S, La Grutta L, Midiri M, Galia M |date=January 2019 |title=Imaging features of adrenal masses |journal=Insights into Imaging |volume=10 |issue=1 |doi=10.1186/s13244-019-0688-8 |pmc=6349247 |pmid=30684056 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ana samun bayanai kan yanar gizo na gwajin CT na carcinoma adrenocortical. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Adrenal-ACC-Ki67-Seg: Adrenocortical Carcinoma |url=https://dicomtube.com/playlist/adrenal-acc |website=DicomTube}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=ADRENAL-ACC-KI67-SEG |url=https://www.cancerimagingarchive.net/collection/adrenal-acc-ki67-seg/ |access-date=2026-01-30 |website=The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) |language=en-US |doi=10.7937/1FPG-VM46}}</ref> A kan MRI, yana nuna ƙarancin ƙarfi akan hotunan T1 masu nauyin T1, da kuma siginar T2 mai girma tare da ƙarfin haɓaka bambanci daban-daban da kuma rage gudu a hankali. Yankunan zubar jini na iya nuna babban siginar T1. <ref name="Albano 2019"/> Hoto tare da hoton positron emission tomography (PET) yana da amfani a lokacin binciken farko na ciwon daji na adrenal mai yuwuwar zama mai haɗari da kuma gano metastasis. Fluorodeoxyglucose ([ ¹⁸ F]FDG ko FDG) yana da babban ji na ƙwarai amma ba zai iya bambance ACC da sauran ciwon daji ba. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Wong KK, Miller BS, Viglianti BL, Dwamena BA, Gauger PG, Cook GJ, Colletti PM, Rubello D, Gross MD |date=August 2016 |title=Molecular Imaging in the Management of Adrenocortical Cancer: A Systematic Review |journal=Clinical Nuclear Medicine |volume=41 |issue=8 |pages=e368–e382 |doi=10.1097/RLU.0000000000001112 |pmid=26825212}}</ref> 11 Metomidate mai lakabin <nowiki><sup id="mw-Q">C</sup></nowiki> yana ɗaure ga enzymes da aka bayyana a cikin ƙwayoyin adrenocortical kuma an yi amfani da shi azaman mai gano rediyo tare da babban takamaiman ga ciwon daji na adrenal. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Mendichovszky IA, Powlson AS, Manavaki R, Aigbirhio FI, Cheow H, Buscombe JR, Gurnell M, Gilbert FJ |date=November 2016 |title=Targeted Molecular Imaging in Adrenal Disease-An Emerging Role for Metomidate PET-CT |journal=Diagnostics |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=42 |doi=10.3390/diagnostics6040042 |pmc=5192517 |pmid=27869719 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Cututtuka === [[Fayil:Adrenal_cortical_carcinoma.JPG|right|thumb|Babban ra'ayi na babban ACC]] [[Fayil:Adrenal_cortical_carcinoma.jpg|thumb|Shirye-shiryen toshewar ƙwayoyin halitta daga wani babban allurar da aka yi amfani da allura wajen cire ƙwayoyin cuta, yana nuna ƙwayoyin cutar kansa masu ƙarancin ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma ƙaramin matakin ƙwayoyin cuta na nukiliya.]] Sau da yawa ba a yin gwajin ƙwayoyin cuta na adrenal kafin a yi tiyata, don haka ana tabbatar da ganewar asali idan aka yi gwajin samfurin tiyatar ta hanyar likitan cututtuka . A takaice dai, ACCs galibi suna da girma, tare da saman da aka yanke mai launin rawaya-rawaya, da kuma wuraren zubar jini da necrosis . A lokacin gwajin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, ciwon yawanci yana nuna takaddun ƙwayoyin halitta marasa tsari waɗanda suka yi kama da ƙwayoyin adrenal cortex na yau da kullun. Kasancewar mamayewa da ayyukan mitotic suna taimakawa wajen bambance ƙananan ciwon daji daga adrenocortical adenomas . Da yawa daga cikin nau'ikan ACC da ba kasafai ake samu ba sun haɗa da: * Ciwon daji na adrenal cortical * Ciwon daji na Myxoid adrenal cortical * Ciwon daji * Ciwon daji na adenosquamous adrenocortical * Ciwon daji na adrenal adrenal mai haske === Ganewar bambance-bambance === [[Fayil:Incidences_and_prognoses_of_adrenal_tumors.png|thumb|240x240px|Abubuwan da suka faru da kuma hasashen ciwace-ciwacen adrenal, tare da cutar kansar adrenocortical a sama.]] Bambancin ganewar asali ya haɗa da: * Ciwon adenoma na ƙashi * Ciwon daji na ƙwayoyin koda * Pheochromocytoma * Ciwon daji na Hepatocellular Ana iya bambanta cutar kansar Adrenocortical daga cutar adenocortical (takwaransu marasa kyau) ta hanyar tsarin Weiss, <ref name="WangSun2014"/> kamar haka: <ref name="AyeMyint2015">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Aye TT, Myint P, Myint KN |year=2015 |title=Adrenocortical Oncocytoma Presenting with Gynaecomastia |journal=Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=27–30 |doi=10.15605/jafes.030.01.08 |issn=0857-1074 |doi-access=free}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Halaye <ref name="AyeMyint2015"/> ! Ci |- | Babban matakin nukiliya (wanda aka faɗaɗa, oval zuwa lobated, tare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta zuwa hyperchromatic chromatin kuma ana iya gane shi cikin sauƙi, fitaccen nucleoli) <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 December 2016 |title=Adrenocortical Cancer |url=https://oncohemakey.com/adrenocortical-cancer/ |website=Oncohema Key}}</ref> | 1 |- | Karin mitoses fiye da filayen wutar lantarki masu ƙarfi 5/50 | 1 |- | Mitoses marasa tsari | 1 |- | Cytoplasm na Eosinophilic a cikin fiye da kashi 75% na ƙwayoyin ƙari | 1 |- | Tsarin yaɗuwar ƙari na >33% | 1 |- | Ciwon jijiyoyi | 1 |- | Mamayar jijiyoyin jini | 1 |- | Mamayar sinusoidal (babu santsi tsoka a bango) | 1 |- | Mamayar ƙwayoyin halitta | 1 |} Jimlar maki yana nuna: <ref name="AyeMyint2015"/> * 0-2: Ciwon adenoma na ƙashin baya * 3: Ba a tantance ba * 4-9: Ciwon daji na Adrenocortical == Hasashen == Gabaɗaya, ACC tana ɗauke da mummunan hasashen cutar, <ref name="allolio">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Allolio B, Fassnacht M |date=June 2006 |title=Clinical review: Adrenocortical carcinoma: clinical update |url=https://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/91/6/2027 |journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism |volume=91 |issue=6 |pages=2027–37 |doi=10.1210/jc.2005-2639 |pmid=16551738 |doi-access=free |access-date=2026-06-12 |archive-date=2011-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516205348/http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/91/6/2027 |url-status=dead }}</ref> tare da jimlar tsawon shekaru 5 na rayuwa kusan kashi 50% <ref name="CancerNet"/> Rayuwa ta shekaru biyar ba tare da cututtuka ba don cire cikakken [[Matakan Ciwon daji|mataki]] na I-III ACC kusan kashi 30% ne <ref name="allolio" /> Mafi mahimmancin abubuwan hasashen cutar sune shekarun majiyyaci da matakin ciwon. Abubuwan hasashen cutar marasa kyau sun haɗa da aikin mitotic, mamayewar jijiyoyin jini, nauyin 50 g ko fiye, diamita na 6.5&nbsp;cm ko fiye, ma'aunin lakabin Ki-67/MIB1 na 4% ko fiye, da kuma p53 mai kyau. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2011)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A cikin mummunan ciwon kansa, ciwon daji na adrenocortical ba kamar yawancin ciwon daji na adrenal cortex ba ne, waɗanda ba su da kyau ( adenomas ) kuma a wasu lokutan suna haifar da [[Ciwon Cushing|cutar Cushing's syndrome]] . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Magani == Maganin da za a iya magancewa kawai shine cire ciwon gaba ɗaya na tiyata, wanda za a iya yi ko da a cikin manyan jijiyoyin jini, kamar jijiyar koda ko kuma ƙananan jijiyoyin jini . Yawan rayuwa na shekaru 5 bayan tiyatar da ta yi nasara shine kashi 50-60%, amma abin takaici, marasa lafiya da yawa ba sa cikin waɗanda za a yi musu tiyata. Wani bita na tsari na 2018 ya nuna cewa tiyatar laparoscopic retroperotenial adrenalectomy da alama tana rage rashin lafiya a ƙarshen lokaci, lokacin zuwa ruwan baki ko cin abinci da lokacin tafiya idan aka kwatanta da tiyatar laparoscopic transperitoneal adrenalectomy, duk da haka akwai rashin tabbas game da waɗannan tasirin saboda ƙarancin inganci. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Arezzo A, Bullano A, Cochetti G, Cirocchi R, Randolph J, Mearini E, Evangelista A, Ciccone G, Bonjer HJ, Morino M |date=December 2018 |title=Transperitoneal versus retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy for adrenal tumours in adults |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2018 |issue=12 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD011668.pub2 |pmc=6517116 |pmid=30595004}}</ref> Don sakamako kamar mace-mace mai haifar da matsala, rashin lafiya da wuri, tasirin tattalin arziki, da kuma sigogin tiyata da bayan tiyata, shaidar ba ta da tabbas game da tasirin ɗayan hanyoyin biyu fiye da ɗayan. <ref name=":1" /> Ana iya amfani da maganin radiation da kuma cire mitar rediyo don rage zafi ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ba sa cikin waɗanda aka yi wa tiyata. Dabaru na tiyata marasa rinjaye har yanzu suna ci gaba da zama abin jayayya saboda rashin bayanai na dogon lokaci, tare da damuwa ta musamman game da yawan sake dawowa da cutar kansa ta peritoneal. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Tsarin [[Chemotherapy|maganin chemotherapy]] yawanci ya haɗa da maganin [[mitotane]], wani maganin hana haɗakar steroid, wanda yake da guba ga ƙwayoyin adrenal cortex, <ref name="Fassnacht12"/> da kuma magungunan cytotoxic na yau da kullun. Wani bincike da aka yi a baya ya nuna fa'idar rayuwa ga mitotane ban da tiyata idan aka kwatanta da tiyata kawai. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Terzolo M, Angeli A, Fassnacht M, Daffara F, Tauchmanova L, Conton PA, Rossetto R, Buci L, Sperone P, Grossrubatscher E, Reimondo G, Bollito E, Papotti M, Saeger W, Hahner S, Koschker AC, Arvat E, Ambrosi B, Loli P, Lombardi G, Mannelli M, Bruzzi P, Mantero F, Allolio B, Dogliotti L, Berruti A |date=June 2007 |title=Adjuvant mitotane treatment for adrenocortical carcinoma |url=https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa063360 |journal=The New England Journal of Medicine |volume=356 |issue=23 |pages=2372–80 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa063360 |pmid=17554118 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Magunguna guda biyu da aka fi amfani da su sune cisplatin, doxorubicin, etoposide (EDP) + mitotane, da streptozotocin + mitotane. Gwajin FIRM-ACT ya nuna cewa akwai karuwar amsawar da ake samu da kuma tsawon lokacin da ake amfani da EDP + mitotane ba tare da ci gaba ba fiye da streptozotocin + mitotane. <ref name="Fassnacht12"/> === Nazarin ilimin farfaɗowa === Saboda ƙarancin cutar, har yanzu ba a amsa tambayoyi masu mahimmanci game da cutar kansar adrenocortical ba. Saboda haka, ya kamata a yi wa marasa lafiya da yawa magani a cikin nazarin rajista ko nazarin magani. === Tallafin jinyar === Baya ga maganin da aka fi mayar da hankali kan magance ciwon daji, likitan da ke kula da shi zai ba da maganin tallafi. Bugu da ƙari, akwai wasu ayyukan tallafi da yawa da ake da su. Waɗannan na iya taimaka wa marasa lafiya da iyalansu su jure wa ganewar asali, maganin ciwon daji, da kuma sakamakon cutar. Jerin da ke ƙasa ba cikakken bayani ba ne game da duk ayyukan tallafi da ake da su. Ya ƙunshi misalai waɗanda za su iya sauƙaƙe neman tallafi na farko ga kowane majiyyaci. * Shawarar kwayoyin halitta * Ciki da cutar kansar adrenal * Cibiyoyin ba da shawara, gabaɗaya * Cibiyoyin ba da shawara, batutuwa na musamman * Sauran taimako * Ƙungiyoyin taimakon kai (misali, [[LET'S CURE ACC|MU MAGANCE ACC]], https://letscureacc.com/ ) == Yara masu cutar kansar adrenal == === Janar bayani === Ciwon daji na Adrenocortical yana da matuƙar wuya a cikin yara (kimanin lokuta 0.2 zuwa 0.3 a kowace miliyan 1 a kowace shekara). <ref name="UKW-KKuPK-PNNK">{{Cite web |title=Pädiatrische Nebennierenkarzinome |trans-title=Pediatric adrenal carcinomas |url=https://www.ukw.de/kinderklinik/forschung/nebennierenkarzinome/ |publisher=Universitätsklinikum Würzburg |language=de}}</ref> Hasashen ba shi da kyau. A halin yanzu babu ƙa'idodi da aka kafa don gano cutar da magani. <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Riedmeier M, Decarolis B, Haubitz I, Müller S, Uttinger K, Börner K, Reibetanz J, Wiegering A, Härtel C, Schlegel PG, Fassnacht M, Wiegering V |date=October 2021 |title=Adrenocortical Carcinoma in Childhood: A Systematic Review |journal=Cancers (Basel) |volume=13 |issue=21 |pages=5266 |doi=10.3390/cancers13215266 |pmc=8582500 |pmid=34771430 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Saboda haka, an kafa ƙungiyar binciken "ENSAT kids" don yara masu ciwon daji na adrenocortical a cikin ENSAT. Duk da cewa kashi ɗaya ne kawai na ciwon daji na adrenocortical a cikin manya suna aiki da hormones, kusan duk waɗannan ciwon daji suna aiki da hormones a cikin yara da abin ya shafa. <ref name="Glandulinchen_Glandula_55-22">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Wiegering V |date=December 2022 |title=Nebennierenrindentumore im Kindesalter |url=https://www.glandula-online.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Aktuelle_Meldungen/GLANDUlinchen_2-22.pdf |journal=GLANDUlinchen das Magazin für Kinder- und Jugendendokrinologie |issue=55/22 |pages=36–38}}</ref> Ciwon Cushing, balaga ta farko, ko virilization yawanci yakan faru. Kamar yadda yake tare da maganin manya, ana cire ciwon gaba ɗaya ta hanyar tiyata. Idan akwai wani mataki mai zurfi, ana cire ƙwayoyin lymph a cikin yara, kuma ana ba da maganin chemotherapy da mitotane. === Yanayin bincike === Kimanin kashi 70% na yaran da abin ya shafa mata ne. Daga cikin waɗannan, kusan kashi 90% na ciwon daji ne masu aiki da hormones. * 50% na androgens * 30% gauraye * 10% na steroids * 10% na hormones ba sa aiki Matsakaicin lokaci daga farkon bayyanar cututtuka zuwa ga ganewar asali shine watanni shida. Kimanin kashi 70% na ciwace-ciwacen za a iya cire su gaba ɗaya ta hanyar tiyata. Ana ɗaukar yanayin binciken da ake yi a yanzu bai isa ba. Kwatanta kaɗan da ake da su tsakanin ciwon daji na adrenocortical a cikin manya da yara yana nuna manyan bambance-bambance. Saboda haka, binciken da aka samu zuwa yanzu a cikin manya ba za a iya amfani da shi cikin sauƙi ga yara ba. Don rufe waɗannan gibin ilimi da kuma iya tantance hanyoyin magancewa masu dacewa ga yara, ana buƙatar fahimtar ilimin halittar ƙwayoyin halitta game da hasashen da ilimin halittar ciwon daji na adrenocortical a cikin yara. A halin yanzu, manyan tambayoyin bincike sune: # Asibiti: Kimantawa ta ƙasa da ƙasa game da ganewar asali da magani da nufin inganta fahimtar asibiti da hanyoyin magani. # Nazari a Asibiti: Nazarin mahimmancin bayanan plasma da fitsari na steroid / biopsy na ruwa da nufin gano alamun ƙari masu dacewa. # Gwaji: Gano halayen immunohistochemical da kuma jerin DNA da nufin gano abubuwan da za a iya amfani da su wajen magance ƙwayoyin ciwon daji, wato, abubuwan da za a yi amfani da su wajen magance ƙwayoyin ciwon daji. Wannan ya kamata ya tabbatar da cewa an kare ƙwayoyin lafiya daga maganin gwargwadon iko. <ref name="UKW-KKuPK-PNNK"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4xzmn602r5wdprh09bnvziyrdkdi1cl 0 157017 975013 974448 2026-11-01T20:15:38Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 975013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} It's Her Day fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo a Najeriya na, game da ma'aurata masu aure daga bangarori daban-daban na zamantakewa da gwagwarmayar da suka haɗu yayin da suke shirin bikin aurensu na ƙarshe. Bovi Ugboma ya taka rawar Victor, wani sabon mutum da ya yi alƙawari wanda aka matsa masa ya ba budurwarsa mai son abin duniya, [[Nicole Scherzinger|Nicole]] ([[Ini Dima-Okojie]]) bikin auren almara mai ban sha'awa. [[Bovi|Bovi Ugboma]] ne ya samar da fim din kuma Aniedi Anwah ne ya ba da umarni kuma an fara shi a ranar 9 ga watan Satumba 2016 a Legas, Najeriya. == Bayani game da shi == Victor ya isa gida daga Burtaniya don ya auri budurwarsa, Nicole Hernández mai cike da tashin hankali wanda ba ya ɓata lokaci yana shirin bikin auren mafarkinta. Tare da mahaifiyar Nicole mai girman kai tana tsoma baki a kan kowane daki-daki, Victor ya ga farashin ya wuce kasafin kudin sa. Duk da gargadi akai-akai daga abokinsa mafi kyau Omonigho wanda Nicole ta ƙi - tare da danginsa na Warri ciki har da Aunty Foweh - Victor yana matsawa ya kwantar da hankali ba kawai Nicole da mahaifiyarta ba har ma da 'yan uwan Hernández masu bukata - Stacey, Nancy, da Augusta. Tare da taimakon babban mai tsara bikin aure, Hernándezes sun yi watsi da kowane daki-daki na babban ranar Nicole, yayin da ake watsi da shawarwarin Victor ko kuma a yi ma. Matsalar ta faru a bikin auren ma'auratan lokacin da Victor ya yayyafa amaryarsa da [[Naira|bayanan naira]] maimakon takardun dala. Ya nemi gafara, amma bukatun Nicole na ci gaba. Yanzu ya yi nadama da ya rabu da Angela, tsohuwar budurwa da ya bar Nicole, kuma yayi ƙoƙari ya dawo da ita. Koyaya, ta ga fuskarsa kuma ta shawarce shi da ya yi tsayayya da kasancewa da bayyanar don tasiri. A lokacin zaman ba da shawara kafin aure, Victor da Nicole sun tayar da rikici lokacin da ta mai da hankali kan Candy Crush kuma ta yi watsi da taron. Ya rabu da ita, wani mataki Omonigho ya amince, amma bayan ya gano cewa Angela yanzu tana da sabon mutum, sai ya sulhunta da Nicole. Victor ya tara abokansa don su tsaya a matsayin yaudara ta hanyar tattaunawar waya tare da Hernándezes bayan sun dage kan yin rajistar shahararrun masu fasahar kiɗa don yin bikin aure. An gudanar da wani biki, kuma washegari Victor, wanda ya yi fama da rashin jin daɗi daga daren da ya gabata, ya firgita cewa ya makara zuwa bikin. Ma'aikatansa sun kara tsananta yanayin ta hanyar hayar ''kekes'' don kai shi da ma'aikatansa zuwa coci, cika tsohuwar yarjejeniya. Sun isa tsakiyar hira da Mista Hernández ya yi da HipTV, wanda ya sa ta kunya kai tsaye a cikin iska, kuma ta buge shi a gaban abokansa masu tsoro. Bayan ya fahimci cewa Nicole za ta kasance mai girman kai har abada bayan ta ƙi zobe dinsa, Victor ya jefa ta a bagaden kuma ya fita. Victor da ango sun isa gidan Angela kuma sun roƙe ta ta yi la'akari da sake farfado da tsohuwar dangantakarta. Ko da yake ta yarda da neman gafara, Angela ba ta manta da raunin da ta jimre ba bayan ya watsar da ita, kuma ta kore su da bulala. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Bovi|Bovi Ugboma]] a matsayin Victor Elomena / Victor Smith * [[Ini Dima-Okojie]] a matsayin Nicole Hernández * [[Shafy Bello|Shaffy Bello]] a matsayin Mrs Hernández * Toni Tones a matsayin Stacy Hernández * Thelma Ezeamaka a matsayin Augusta Hernández * [[Amanda Ebeye|Amanda Mike-Ebeye]] a matsayin Nancy Hernández * [[Adunni Ade]] a matsayin Caroline, mai shirya bikin aure * [[Najite Dede]] a matsayin Aunty Foweh * [[Gregory Ojefua]] a matsayin Omonigho * Femi Durojaiye a matsayin Dede * Wannan Lami George a matsayin Victoria * [[Omoni Oboli]] a matsayin Angela. == Fitarwa == [[Bovi|Bovi Ugboma]] ne ya samar da fim din. Aniedi Anwah ne ya ba da umarni. A cikin Kountry Kulture Network, wanda aka rarraba ta Silverbird Distribution. == Saki == An fara fim din ne a Legas, Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Satumba. == Manazarta == j2ti5zogc543nxao8r4ae06e26jzd5b 975017 975013 2026-11-01T20:20:08Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 975017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} It's Her Day fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo a Najeriya na, game da ma'aurata masu aure daga bangarori daban-daban na zamantakewa da gwagwarmayar da suka haɗu yayin da suke shirin bikin aurensu na ƙarshe. Bovi Ugboma ya taka rawar Victor, wani sabon mutum da ya yi alƙawari wanda aka matsa masa ya ba budurwarsa mai son abin duniya, [[Nicole Scherzinger|Nicole]] ([[Ini Dima-Okojie]]) bikin auren almara mai ban sha'awa. [[Bovi|Bovi Ugboma]] ne ya samar da fim din kuma Aniedi Anwah ne ya ba da umarni kuma an fara shi a ranar 9 ga watan Satumba 2016 a Legas, Najeriya. == Bayani game da shi == Victor ya isa gida daga Burtaniya don ya auri budurwarsa, Nicole Hernández mai cike da tashin hankali wanda ba ya ɓata lokaci yana shirin bikin auren mafarkinta. Tare da mahaifiyar Nicole mai girman kai tana tsoma baki a kan kowane daki-daki, Victor ya ga farashin ya wuce kasafin kudin sa. Duk da gargadi akai-akai daga abokinsa mafi kyau Omonigho wanda Nicole ta ƙi - tare da danginsa na Warri ciki har da Aunty Foweh - Victor yana matsawa ya kwantar da hankali ba kawai Nicole da mahaifiyarta ba har ma da 'yan uwan Hernández masu bukata - Stacey, Nancy, da Augusta. Tare da taimakon babban mai tsara bikin aure, Hernándezes sun yi watsi da kowane daki-daki na babban ranar Nicole, yayin da ake watsi da shawarwarin Victor ko kuma a yi ma. Matsalar ta faru a bikin auren ma'auratan lokacin da Victor ya yayyafa amaryarsa da [[Naira|bayanan naira]] maimakon takardun dala. Ya nemi gafara, amma bukatun Nicole na ci gaba. Yanzu ya yi nadama da ya rabu da Angela, tsohuwar budurwa da ya bar Nicole, kuma yayi ƙoƙari ya dawo da ita. Koyaya, ta ga fuskarsa kuma ta shawarce shi da ya yi tsayayya da kasancewa da bayyanar don tasiri. A lokacin zaman ba da shawara kafin aure, Victor da Nicole sun tayar da rikici lokacin da ta mai da hankali kan Candy Crush kuma ta yi watsi da taron. Ya rabu da ita, wani mataki Omonigho ya amince, amma bayan ya gano cewa Angela yanzu tana da sabon mutum, sai ya sulhunta da Nicole. Victor ya tara abokansa don su tsaya a matsayin yaudara ta hanyar tattaunawar waya tare da Hernándezes bayan sun dage kan yin rajistar shahararrun masu fasahar kiɗa don yin bikin aure. An gudanar da wani biki, kuma washegari Victor, wanda ya yi fama da rashin jin daɗi daga daren da ya gabata, ya firgita cewa ya makara zuwa bikin. Ma'aikatansa sun kara tsananta yanayin ta hanyar hayar ''kekes'' don kai shi da ma'aikatansa zuwa coci, cika tsohuwar yarjejeniya. Sun isa tsakiyar hira da Mista Hernández ya yi da HipTV, wanda ya sa ta kunya kai tsaye a cikin iska, kuma ta buge shi a gaban abokansa masu tsoro. Bayan ya fahimci cewa Nicole za ta kasance mai girman kai har abada bayan ta ƙi zobe dinsa, Victor ya jefa ta a bagaden kuma ya fita. Victor da kuma ango sun isa gidan Angela kuma sun roƙe ta ta yi la'akari da sake farfado da tsohuwar dangantakarta. Ko da yake ta yarda da neman gafara, Angela ba ta manta da raunin da ta jimre ba bayan ya watsar da ita, kuma ta kore su da bulala. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Bovi|Bovi Ugboma]] a matsayin Victor Elomena / Victor Smith * [[Ini Dima-Okojie]] a matsayin Nicole Hernández * [[Shafy Bello|Shaffy Bello]] a matsayin Mrs Hernández * Toni Tones a matsayin Stacy Hernández * Thelma Ezeamaka a matsayin Augusta Hernández * [[Amanda Ebeye|Amanda Mike-Ebeye]] a matsayin Nancy Hernández * [[Adunni Ade]] a matsayin Caroline, mai shirya bikin aure * [[Najite Dede]] a matsayin Aunty Foweh * [[Gregory Ojefua]] a matsayin Omonigho * Femi Durojaiye a matsayin Dede * Wannan Lami George a matsayin Victoria * [[Omoni Oboli]] a matsayin Angela. == Fitarwa == [[Bovi|Bovi Ugboma]] ne ya samar da fim din. Aniedi Anwah ne ya ba da umarni. A cikin Kountry Kulture Network, wanda aka rarraba ta Silverbird Distribution. == Saki == An fara fim din ne a Legas, Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Satumba. == Manazarta == cxyizymv6yaax712mwd3oqayzjs4glz 975018 975017 2026-11-01T20:22:04Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 975018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} It's Her Day fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo a Najeriya na, game da ma'aurata masu aure daga bangarori daban-daban na zamantakewa da gwagwarmayar da suka haɗu yayin da suke shirin bikin aurensu na ƙarshe. Bovi Ugboma ya taka rawar Victor, wani sabon mutum da ya yi alƙawari wanda aka matsa masa ya ba budurwarsa mai son abin duniya, [[Nicole Scherzinger|Nicole]] ([[Ini Dima-Okojie]]) bikin auren almara mai ban sha'awa. [[Bovi|Bovi Ugboma]] ne ya samar da fim din kuma Aniedi Anwah ne ya ba da umarni kuma an fara shi a ranar 9 ga watan Satumba 2016 a Legas, Najeriya. == Bayani game da shi == Victor ya isa gida daga Burtaniya don ya auri budurwarsa, Nicole Hernández mai cike da tashin hankali wanda ba ya ɓata lokaci yana shirin bikin auren mafarkinta. Tare da mahaifiyar Nicole mai girman kai tana tsoma baki a kan kowane daki-daki, Victor ya ga farashin ya wuce kasafin kudin sa. Duk da gargadi akai-akai daga abokinsa mafi kyau Omonigho wanda Nicole ta ƙi - tare da danginsa na Warri ciki har da Aunty Foweh - Victor yana matsawa ya kwantar da hankali ba kawai Nicole da mahaifiyarta ba har ma da 'yan uwan Hernández masu bukata - Stacey, Nancy, da Augusta. Tare da taimakon babban mai tsara bikin aure, Hernándezes sun yi watsi da kowane daki-daki na babban ranar Nicole, yayin da ake watsi da shawarwarin Victor ko kuma a yi ma. Matsalar ta faru a bikin auren ma'auratan lokacin da Victor ya yayyafa amaryarsa da [[Naira|bayanan naira]] maimakon takardun dala. Ya nemi gafara, amma bukatun Nicole na ci gaba. Yanzu ya yi nadama da ya rabu da Angela, tsohuwar budurwa da ya bar Nicole, kuma yayi ƙoƙari ya dawo da ita. Koyaya, ta ga fuskarsa kuma ta shawarce shi da ya yi tsayayya da kasancewa da bayyanar don tasiri. A lokacin zaman ba da shawara kafin aure, Victor da Nicole sun tayar da rikici lokacin da ta mai da hankali kan Candy Crush kuma ta yi watsi da taron. Ya rabu da ita, wani mataki Omonigho ya amince, amma bayan ya gano cewa Angela yanzu tana da sabon mutum, sai ya sulhunta da Nicole. Victor ya tara abokansa don su tsaya a matsayin yaudara ta hanyar tattaunawar waya tare da Hernándezes bayan sun dage kan yin rajistar shahararrun masu fasahar kiɗa domin yin bikin aure. An gudanar da wani biki, kuma washegari Victor, wanda ya yi fama da rashin jin daɗi daga daren da ya gabata, ya firgita cewa ya makara zuwa bikin. Ma'aikatansa sun kara tsananta yanayin ta hanyar hayar ''kekes'' don kai shi da ma'aikatansa zuwa coci, cika tsohuwar yarjejeniya. Sun isa tsakiyar hira da Mista Hernández ya yi da HipTV, wanda ya sa ta kunya kai tsaye a cikin iska, kuma ta buge shi a gaban abokansa masu tsoro. Bayan ya fahimci cewa Nicole za ta kasance mai girman kai har abada bayan ta ƙi zobe dinsa, Victor ya jefa ta a bagaden kuma ya fita. Victor da kuma ango sun isa gidan Angela kuma sun roƙe ta ta yi la'akari da sake farfado da tsohuwar dangantakarta. Ko da yake ta yarda da neman gafara, Angela ba ta manta da raunin da ta jimre ba bayan ya watsar da ita, kuma ta kore su da bulala. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Bovi|Bovi Ugboma]] a matsayin Victor Elomena / Victor Smith * [[Ini Dima-Okojie]] a matsayin Nicole Hernández * [[Shafy Bello|Shaffy Bello]] a matsayin Mrs Hernández * Toni Tones a matsayin Stacy Hernández * Thelma Ezeamaka a matsayin Augusta Hernández * [[Amanda Ebeye|Amanda Mike-Ebeye]] a matsayin Nancy Hernández * [[Adunni Ade]] a matsayin Caroline, mai shirya bikin aure * [[Najite Dede]] a matsayin Aunty Foweh * [[Gregory Ojefua]] a matsayin Omonigho * Femi Durojaiye a matsayin Dede * Wannan Lami George a matsayin Victoria * [[Omoni Oboli]] a matsayin Angela. == Fitarwa == [[Bovi|Bovi Ugboma]] ne ya samar da fim din. Aniedi Anwah ne ya ba da umarni. A cikin Kountry Kulture Network, wanda aka rarraba ta Silverbird Distribution. == Saki == An fara fim din ne a Legas, Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Satumba. == Manazarta == doo5kosynjaktafk3d0kxoqa7klf31g 975020 975018 2026-11-01T20:27:16Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 975020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} It's Her Day, fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo a Najeriya na, game da ma'aurata masu aure daga bangarori daban-daban na zamantakewa da gwagwarmayar da suka haɗu yayin da suke shirin bikin aurensu na ƙarshe. Bovi Ugboma ya taka rawar Victor, wani sabon mutum da ya yi alƙawari wanda aka matsa masa ya ba budurwarsa mai son abin duniya, [[Nicole Scherzinger|Nicole]] ([[Ini Dima-Okojie]]) bikin auren almara mai ban sha'awa. [[Bovi|Bovi Ugboma]] ne ya samar da fim din kuma Aniedi Anwah ne ya ba da umarni kuma an fara shi a ranar 9 ga watan Satumba 2016 a Legas, Najeriya. == Bayani game da shi == Victor ya isa gida daga Burtaniya don ya auri budurwarsa, Nicole Hernández mai cike da tashin hankali wanda ba ya ɓata lokaci yana shirin bikin auren mafarkinta. Tare da mahaifiyar Nicole mai girman kai tana tsoma baki a kan kowane daki-daki, Victor ya ga farashin ya wuce kasafin kudin sa. Duk da gargadi akai-akai daga abokinsa mafi kyau Omonigho wanda Nicole ta ƙi - tare da danginsa na Warri ciki har da Aunty Foweh - Victor yana matsawa ya kwantar da hankali ba kawai Nicole da mahaifiyarta ba har ma da 'yan uwan Hernández masu bukata - Stacey, Nancy, da Augusta. Tare da taimakon babban mai tsara bikin aure, Hernándezes sun yi watsi da kowane daki-daki na babban ranar Nicole, yayin da ake watsi da shawarwarin Victor ko kuma a yi ma. Matsalar ta faru a bikin auren ma'auratan lokacin da Victor ya yayyafa amaryarsa da [[Naira|bayanan naira]] maimakon takardun dala. Ya nemi gafara, amma bukatun Nicole na ci gaba. Yanzu ya yi nadama da ya rabu da Angela, tsohuwar budurwa da ya bar Nicole, kuma yayi ƙoƙari ya dawo da ita. Koyaya, ta ga fuskarsa kuma ta shawarce shi da ya yi tsayayya da kasancewa da bayyanar don tasiri. A lokacin zaman ba da shawara kafin aure, Victor da Nicole sun tayar da rikici lokacin da ta mai da hankali kan Candy Crush kuma ta yi watsi da taron. Ya rabu da ita, wani mataki Omonigho ya amince, amma bayan ya gano cewa Angela yanzu tana da sabon mutum, sai ya sulhunta da Nicole. Victor ya tara abokansa don su tsaya a matsayin yaudara ta hanyar tattaunawar waya tare da Hernándezes bayan sun dage kan yin rajistar shahararrun masu fasahar kiɗa domin yin bikin aure. An gudanar da wani biki, kuma washegari Victor, wanda ya yi fama da rashin jin daɗi daga daren da ya gabata, ya firgita cewa ya makara zuwa bikin. Ma'aikatansa sun kara tsananta yanayin ta hanyar hayar ''kekes'' don kai shi da ma'aikatansa zuwa coci, cika tsohuwar yarjejeniya. Sun isa tsakiyar hira da Mista Hernández ya yi da HipTV, wanda ya sa ta kunya kai tsaye a cikin iska, kuma ta buge shi a gaban abokansa masu tsoro. Bayan ya fahimci cewa Nicole za ta kasance mai girman kai har abada bayan ta ƙi zobe dinsa, Victor ya jefa ta a bagaden kuma ya fita. Victor da kuma ango sun isa gidan Angela kuma sun roƙe ta ta yi la'akari da sake farfado da tsohuwar dangantakarta. Ko da yake ta yarda da neman gafara, Angela ba ta manta da raunin da ta jimre ba bayan ya watsar da ita, kuma ta kore su da bulala. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Bovi|Bovi Ugboma]] a matsayin Victor Elomena / Victor Smith * [[Ini Dima-Okojie]] a matsayin Nicole Hernández * [[Shafy Bello|Shaffy Bello]] a matsayin Mrs Hernández * Toni Tones a matsayin Stacy Hernández * Thelma Ezeamaka a matsayin Augusta Hernández * [[Amanda Ebeye|Amanda Mike-Ebeye]] a matsayin Nancy Hernández * [[Adunni Ade]] a matsayin Caroline, mai shirya bikin aure * [[Najite Dede]] a matsayin Aunty Foweh * [[Gregory Ojefua]] a matsayin Omonigho * Femi Durojaiye a matsayin Dede * Wannan Lami George a matsayin Victoria * [[Omoni Oboli]] a matsayin Angela. == Fitarwa == [[Bovi|Bovi Ugboma]] ne ya samar da fim din. Aniedi Anwah ne ya ba da umarni. A cikin Kountry Kulture Network, wanda aka rarraba ta Silverbird Distribution. == Saki == An fara fim din ne a Legas, Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Satumba. == Manazarta == gsa8ij0c3d53nfen66q46tyfpbwdmfe 975021 975020 2026-11-01T20:27:44Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 975021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} It's Her Day, fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaiko a Najeriya na, game da ma'aurata masu aure daga bangarori daban-daban na zamantakewa da gwagwarmayar da suka haɗu yayin da suke shirin bikin aurensu na ƙarshe. Bovi Ugboma ya taka rawar Victor, wani sabon mutum da ya yi alƙawari wanda aka matsa masa ya ba budurwarsa mai son abin duniya, [[Nicole Scherzinger|Nicole]] ([[Ini Dima-Okojie]]) bikin auren almara mai ban sha'awa. [[Bovi|Bovi Ugboma]] ne ya samar da fim din kuma Aniedi Anwah ne ya ba da umarni kuma an fara shi a ranar 9 ga watan Satumba 2016 a Legas, Najeriya. == Bayani game da shi == Victor ya isa gida daga Burtaniya don ya auri budurwarsa, Nicole Hernández mai cike da tashin hankali wanda ba ya ɓata lokaci yana shirin bikin auren mafarkinta. Tare da mahaifiyar Nicole mai girman kai tana tsoma baki a kan kowane daki-daki, Victor ya ga farashin ya wuce kasafin kudin sa. Duk da gargadi akai-akai daga abokinsa mafi kyau Omonigho wanda Nicole ta ƙi - tare da danginsa na Warri ciki har da Aunty Foweh - Victor yana matsawa ya kwantar da hankali ba kawai Nicole da mahaifiyarta ba har ma da 'yan uwan Hernández masu bukata - Stacey, Nancy, da Augusta. Tare da taimakon babban mai tsara bikin aure, Hernándezes sun yi watsi da kowane daki-daki na babban ranar Nicole, yayin da ake watsi da shawarwarin Victor ko kuma a yi ma. Matsalar ta faru a bikin auren ma'auratan lokacin da Victor ya yayyafa amaryarsa da [[Naira|bayanan naira]] maimakon takardun dala. Ya nemi gafara, amma bukatun Nicole na ci gaba. Yanzu ya yi nadama da ya rabu da Angela, tsohuwar budurwa da ya bar Nicole, kuma yayi ƙoƙari ya dawo da ita. Koyaya, ta ga fuskarsa kuma ta shawarce shi da ya yi tsayayya da kasancewa da bayyanar don tasiri. A lokacin zaman ba da shawara kafin aure, Victor da Nicole sun tayar da rikici lokacin da ta mai da hankali kan Candy Crush kuma ta yi watsi da taron. Ya rabu da ita, wani mataki Omonigho ya amince, amma bayan ya gano cewa Angela yanzu tana da sabon mutum, sai ya sulhunta da Nicole. Victor ya tara abokansa don su tsaya a matsayin yaudara ta hanyar tattaunawar waya tare da Hernándezes bayan sun dage kan yin rajistar shahararrun masu fasahar kiɗa domin yin bikin aure. An gudanar da wani biki, kuma washegari Victor, wanda ya yi fama da rashin jin daɗi daga daren da ya gabata, ya firgita cewa ya makara zuwa bikin. Ma'aikatansa sun kara tsananta yanayin ta hanyar hayar ''kekes'' don kai shi da ma'aikatansa zuwa coci, cika tsohuwar yarjejeniya. Sun isa tsakiyar hira da Mista Hernández ya yi da HipTV, wanda ya sa ta kunya kai tsaye a cikin iska, kuma ta buge shi a gaban abokansa masu tsoro. Bayan ya fahimci cewa Nicole za ta kasance mai girman kai har abada bayan ta ƙi zobe dinsa, Victor ya jefa ta a bagaden kuma ya fita. Victor da kuma ango sun isa gidan Angela kuma sun roƙe ta ta yi la'akari da sake farfado da tsohuwar dangantakarta. Ko da yake ta yarda da neman gafara, Angela ba ta manta da raunin da ta jimre ba bayan ya watsar da ita, kuma ta kore su da bulala. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Bovi|Bovi Ugboma]] a matsayin Victor Elomena / Victor Smith * [[Ini Dima-Okojie]] a matsayin Nicole Hernández * [[Shafy Bello|Shaffy Bello]] a matsayin Mrs Hernández * Toni Tones a matsayin Stacy Hernández * Thelma Ezeamaka a matsayin Augusta Hernández * [[Amanda Ebeye|Amanda Mike-Ebeye]] a matsayin Nancy Hernández * [[Adunni Ade]] a matsayin Caroline, mai shirya bikin aure * [[Najite Dede]] a matsayin Aunty Foweh * [[Gregory Ojefua]] a matsayin Omonigho * Femi Durojaiye a matsayin Dede * Wannan Lami George a matsayin Victoria * [[Omoni Oboli]] a matsayin Angela. == Fitarwa == [[Bovi|Bovi Ugboma]] ne ya samar da fim din. Aniedi Anwah ne ya ba da umarni. A cikin Kountry Kulture Network, wanda aka rarraba ta Silverbird Distribution. == Saki == An fara fim din ne a Legas, Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Satumba. == Manazarta == kentrmodyi8qv2otyaavn92a7ara72s 975022 975021 2026-11-01T20:28:15Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 975022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} It's Her Day, fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan a Najeriya na, game da ma'aurata masu aure daga bangarori daban-daban na zamantakewa da gwagwarmayar da suka haɗu yayin da suke shirin bikin aurensu na ƙarshe. Bovi Ugboma ya taka rawar Victor, wani sabon mutum da ya yi alƙawari wanda aka matsa masa ya ba budurwarsa mai son abin duniya, [[Nicole Scherzinger|Nicole]] ([[Ini Dima-Okojie]]) bikin auren almara mai ban sha'awa. [[Bovi|Bovi Ugboma]] ne ya samar da fim din kuma Aniedi Anwah ne ya ba da umarni kuma an fara shi a ranar 9 ga watan Satumba 2016 a Legas, Najeriya. == Bayani game da shi == Victor ya isa gida daga Burtaniya don ya auri budurwarsa, Nicole Hernández mai cike da tashin hankali wanda ba ya ɓata lokaci yana shirin bikin auren mafarkinta. Tare da mahaifiyar Nicole mai girman kai tana tsoma baki a kan kowane daki-daki, Victor ya ga farashin ya wuce kasafin kudin sa. Duk da gargadi akai-akai daga abokinsa mafi kyau Omonigho wanda Nicole ta ƙi - tare da danginsa na Warri ciki har da Aunty Foweh - Victor yana matsawa ya kwantar da hankali ba kawai Nicole da mahaifiyarta ba har ma da 'yan uwan Hernández masu bukata - Stacey, Nancy, da Augusta. Tare da taimakon babban mai tsara bikin aure, Hernándezes sun yi watsi da kowane daki-daki na babban ranar Nicole, yayin da ake watsi da shawarwarin Victor ko kuma a yi ma. Matsalar ta faru a bikin auren ma'auratan lokacin da Victor ya yayyafa amaryarsa da [[Naira|bayanan naira]] maimakon takardun dala. Ya nemi gafara, amma bukatun Nicole na ci gaba. Yanzu ya yi nadama da ya rabu da Angela, tsohuwar budurwa da ya bar Nicole, kuma yayi ƙoƙari ya dawo da ita. Koyaya, ta ga fuskarsa kuma ta shawarce shi da ya yi tsayayya da kasancewa da bayyanar don tasiri. A lokacin zaman ba da shawara kafin aure, Victor da Nicole sun tayar da rikici lokacin da ta mai da hankali kan Candy Crush kuma ta yi watsi da taron. Ya rabu da ita, wani mataki Omonigho ya amince, amma bayan ya gano cewa Angela yanzu tana da sabon mutum, sai ya sulhunta da Nicole. Victor ya tara abokansa don su tsaya a matsayin yaudara ta hanyar tattaunawar waya tare da Hernándezes bayan sun dage kan yin rajistar shahararrun masu fasahar kiɗa domin yin bikin aure. An gudanar da wani biki, kuma washegari Victor, wanda ya yi fama da rashin jin daɗi daga daren da ya gabata, ya firgita cewa ya makara zuwa bikin. Ma'aikatansa sun kara tsananta yanayin ta hanyar hayar ''kekes'' don kai shi da ma'aikatansa zuwa coci, cika tsohuwar yarjejeniya. Sun isa tsakiyar hira da Mista Hernández ya yi da HipTV, wanda ya sa ta kunya kai tsaye a cikin iska, kuma ta buge shi a gaban abokansa masu tsoro. Bayan ya fahimci cewa Nicole za ta kasance mai girman kai har abada bayan ta ƙi zobe dinsa, Victor ya jefa ta a bagaden kuma ya fita. Victor da kuma ango sun isa gidan Angela kuma sun roƙe ta ta yi la'akari da sake farfado da tsohuwar dangantakarta. Ko da yake ta yarda da neman gafara, Angela ba ta manta da raunin da ta jimre ba bayan ya watsar da ita, kuma ta kore su da bulala. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Bovi|Bovi Ugboma]] a matsayin Victor Elomena / Victor Smith * [[Ini Dima-Okojie]] a matsayin Nicole Hernández * [[Shafy Bello|Shaffy Bello]] a matsayin Mrs Hernández * Toni Tones a matsayin Stacy Hernández * Thelma Ezeamaka a matsayin Augusta Hernández * [[Amanda Ebeye|Amanda Mike-Ebeye]] a matsayin Nancy Hernández * [[Adunni Ade]] a matsayin Caroline, mai shirya bikin aure * [[Najite Dede]] a matsayin Aunty Foweh * [[Gregory Ojefua]] a matsayin Omonigho * Femi Durojaiye a matsayin Dede * Wannan Lami George a matsayin Victoria * [[Omoni Oboli]] a matsayin Angela. == Fitarwa == [[Bovi|Bovi Ugboma]] ne ya samar da fim din. Aniedi Anwah ne ya ba da umarni. A cikin Kountry Kulture Network, wanda aka rarraba ta Silverbird Distribution. == Saki == An fara fim din ne a Legas, Najeriya a ranar 9 ga Satumba. == Manazarta == 8x5uv8kaj606c2w30a94wngo91mnn5g 0 157765 974918 858108 2026-11-01T16:54:03Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 Muhdavdullahi moved page [[Ci gaba da rigakafin rigakafi]] to [[Rigakafin vaccinia]] 858108 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Progressive vaccinia wani yanayi ne na [[fata]] wanda ke haifar da kwayar cutar vaccinia, wanda ke nuna rashin ciwo amma ci gaba da necrosis da ulceration.<ref name="Andrews">{{Cite book|edition=Dirk|url-access=Rosenbach|oclc=Neuhaus}}</ref> == Gabatarwa == === Matsalolin === Fungi na dama, protozoal, ko cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da [[Kwayar cutar Bakteriya|kwayar cuta]] vaccinia kanta na iya haifar da firgici na septic da yaduwar intravascular coagulation, ban da necrosis da kwayar fata. Wasu daga cikin wadannan kyallen takarda na iya zama babba, suna buƙatar ba kawai a sanya fata ba amma a cire kayan aikin tiyata na kwayar da aka lalata, don kauce wa cutar da aka sanya da mahaukaci a cikin marasa lafiya da aka dasa, wanda in ba haka ba dole ne a dakatar da maganin rigakafi don ba da damar warkar da rauni. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ilimin jiki == Ana gabatar da allurar rigakafi a cikin fata ta hanyar raguwa da yawa na allurar da aka bifurcated. Kwayar cutar ta sake maimaitawa a cikin Layer basal kuma ta bazu daga tantanin halitta zuwa tantanin halitta, tana haifar da necrosis da kuma samar da vesicles cike da ruwa. Duk da haka, yaduwar farko ta kwayar cutar ta ragu ta hanyar hanyoyin rigakafin kwayar cuta, kuma, a mako na biyu, amsawar rigakafin da ke tattare da kwayar halitta ta fara kawar da ƙwayoyin da suka kamu da cuta.{{Efn|[[Immunosuppressed]] individuals tend to have a larger fatality rate and tendency to get the virus due to [[HIV]] infection, iatrogenic immunosuppression, etc. Although these conditions are [[contraindications]] to the dermovaccine, inadvertent inoculation after contact with a vaccinee may occur; in layman's terms, inoculation means the introduction of a pathogen or antigen into a living organism to stimulate the production of antibodies.<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|inoculation|access-date=December 9, 2020}}</ref> Due to the impaired immune response of the host, the virus multiplies by cell-to-cell spread at the inoculation site, and the lesion expands circumferentially, forming the trademark symptoms called "pocks".}} Neutrophils, macrophages, da lymphocytes suna shiga cikin shafin inoculation, suna samar da pustule kuma suna saki cytokines da chemokines waɗanda ke haifar da hyperemia da edema a cikin kyallen da ke kewaye. Wannan na iya bayyanawa da farko a cikin korafe-korafe na rashin lafiya da sauran alamun tsarin mulki, zazzabi, amai, da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta masu ƙanƙara. Wasu masu rigakafin suna haɓaka ƙarin "satellite" na gida waɗanda ke warwarewa tare da raunin farko. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Kwayar cutar na iya samun damar shiga jini a farkon matakin, kuma cututtukan fata na biyu, waɗanda ke bin juyin halitta iri ɗaya da shafin rigakafi, na iya bayyana a duk faɗin jiki. Kwayoyin cuta, kamar Staphylococcus aureus, na iya kamuwa da cututtukan cututtuka, da cututfumen necrotic. Rashin rauni na coalescent na iya rufe manyan sassan jiki tare da lalacewar nama mai yawa. Kodayake wasu ƙwayoyin cuta na vaccinia galibi suna yaduwa ta hanyar jini, an ruwaito cewa kwayar cutar NYCBOH tana haifar da iyakantaccen kwayar cuta a cikin ƙananan masu karɓa a lokacin da aka kafa pustule.[1][2] Tsarin kumburi ya kai mafi girma a cikin kwanaki 10-12 bayan allurar rigakafi kuma ya fara warwarewa a rana ta 14, tare da zubar da scab da sauran pustules a rana ta 21. Wannan jerin abubuwan da suka faru, wanda ke kwaikwayon ci gaban kyanda "aljihu", an san shi da "karɓar". Ana buƙatar nasarar "karɓar" don ci gaban maganin rigakafin rigakafi da martani na sel.[3][4][5][6] == Magani == Baya ga shayar da fata, wasu magunguna ma suna aiki. Daga cikin Magungunan rigakafi, cidofovir ya nuna wasu sakamako a cikin binciken farko. Baya ga magance cututtukan da ke faruwa tare da magungunan rigakafi, da magungun rigakafi. Ana ba da maganin HIV ko rigakafi (ko aƙalla iatrogenic immunosuppression kamar ciwon daji da cututtuken rigakafi) a cikin marasa lafiya na HIV da kuma janyewar maganin rigakafi tare da gudanar da VIG don ceton rayuwar mai haƙuri. Ana buƙatar kulawa mai zurfi da kulawa ta tallafi. Ana ba da VIG har zuwa 10 ml / kg nauyin jiki. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Dubi kuma == * Allurar rigakafi * [[Yanayin fata|Rashin rauni a fata]] * Necrosis * [[Agana|Kwararrun Kwando]] * [[Alluran rigakafi|Allurar rigakafi]] * [[Ƙaranbau|Chicken pox]] * [[Cowpox]]- kwayar cuta ce da ke da alaƙa da kwayar cutar vaccinia kuma tana cikin nau'in Orthopoxvirus. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> tpcnyi0qyizikpvp59cje9t8r14mlm0 974921 974918 2026-11-01T16:57:01Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 974921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Progressive vaccinia wani yanayi ne na [[fata]] wanda ke haifar da kwayar cutar vaccinia, wanda ke nuna rashin ciwo amma ci gaba da necrosis da ulceration.<ref name="Andrews">{{Cite book|edition=Dirk|url-access=Rosenbach|oclc=Neuhaus}}</ref> == Gabatarwa == === Matsalolin === Fungi na dama, protozoal, ko cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da [[Kwayar cutar Bakteriya|kwayar cuta]] vaccinia kanta na iya haifar da firgici na septic da yaduwar intravascular coagulation, ban da necrosis da kwayar fata. Wasu daga cikin wadannan kyallen takarda na iya zama babba, suna buƙatar ba kawai a sanya fata ba amma a cire kayan aikin tiyata na kwayar da aka lalata, don kauce wa cutar da aka sanya da mahaukaci a cikin marasa lafiya da aka dasa, wanda in ba haka ba dole ne a dakatar da maganin rigakafi don ba da damar warkar da rauni. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ilimin jiki == Ana gabatar da allurar rigakafi a cikin fata ta hanyar raguwa da yawa na allurar da aka bifurcated. Kwayar cutar ta sake maimaitawa a cikin Layer basal kuma ta bazu daga tantanin halitta zuwa tantanin halitta, tana haifar da necrosis da kuma samar da vesicles cike da ruwa. Duk da haka, yaduwar farko ta kwayar cutar ta ragu ta hanyar hanyoyin rigakafin kwayar cuta, kuma, a mako na biyu, amsawar rigakafin da ke tattare da kwayar halitta ta fara kawar da ƙwayoyin da suka kamu da cuta.{{Efn|[[Immunosuppressed]] individuals tend to have a larger fatality rate and tendency to get the virus due to [[HIV]] infection, iatrogenic immunosuppression, etc. Although these conditions are [[contraindications]] to the dermovaccine, inadvertent inoculation after contact with a vaccinee may occur; in layman's terms, inoculation means the introduction of a pathogen or antigen into a living organism to stimulate the production of antibodies.<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|inoculation|access-date=December 9, 2020}}</ref> Due to the impaired immune response of the host, the virus multiplies by cell-to-cell spread at the inoculation site, and the lesion expands circumferentially, forming the trademark symptoms called "pocks".}} Neutrophils, macrophages, da lymphocytes suna shiga cikin shafin inoculation, suna samar da pustule kuma suna saki cytokines da chemokines waɗanda ke haifar da hyperemia da edema a cikin kyallen da ke kewaye. Wannan na iya bayyanawa da farko a cikin korafe-korafe na rashin lafiya da sauran alamun tsarin mulki, zazzabi, amai, da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta masu ƙanƙara. Wasu masu rigakafin suna haɓaka ƙarin "satellite" na gida waɗanda ke warwarewa tare da raunin farko. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Kwayar cutar na iya samun damar shiga jini a farkon matakin, kuma cututtukan fata na biyu, waɗanda ke bin juyin halitta iri ɗaya da shafin rigakafi, na iya bayyana a duk faɗin jiki. Kwayoyin cuta, kamar Staphylococcus aureus, na iya kamuwa da cututtukan cututtuka, da cututfumen necrotic. Rashin rauni na coalescent na iya rufe manyan sassan jiki tare da lalacewar nama mai yawa. Kodayake wasu ƙwayoyin cuta na vaccinia galibi suna yaduwa ta hanyar jini, an ruwaito cewa kwayar cutar NYCBOH tana haifar da iyakantaccen kwayar cuta a cikin ƙananan masu karɓa a lokacin da aka kafa pustule.<ref>Fenner, Frank; Henderson, Donald A.; Arita, Isao; Jezek, Zdenek; Ladnyi, Ivan Danilovich; Organization, World Health (1988). Smallpox and its eradication. World Health Organization. hdl:10665/39485. <nowiki>ISBN 978-92-4-156110-5</nowiki>.</ref>[2] Tsarin kumburi ya kai mafi girma a cikin kwanaki 10-12 bayan allurar rigakafi kuma ya fara warwarewa a rana ta 14, tare da zubar da scab da sauran pustules a rana ta 21. Wannan jerin abubuwan da suka faru, wanda ke kwaikwayon ci gaban kyanda "aljihu", an san shi da "karɓar". Ana buƙatar nasarar "karɓar" don ci gaban maganin rigakafin rigakafi da martani na sel.[3][4][5][6] == Magani == Baya ga shayar da fata, wasu magunguna ma suna aiki. Daga cikin Magungunan rigakafi, cidofovir ya nuna wasu sakamako a cikin binciken farko. Baya ga magance cututtukan da ke faruwa tare da magungunan rigakafi, da magungun rigakafi. Ana ba da maganin HIV ko rigakafi (ko aƙalla iatrogenic immunosuppression kamar ciwon daji da cututtuken rigakafi) a cikin marasa lafiya na HIV da kuma janyewar maganin rigakafi tare da gudanar da VIG don ceton rayuwar mai haƙuri. Ana buƙatar kulawa mai zurfi da kulawa ta tallafi. Ana ba da VIG har zuwa 10 ml / kg nauyin jiki. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Dubi kuma == * Allurar rigakafi * [[Yanayin fata|Rashin rauni a fata]] * Necrosis * [[Agana|Kwararrun Kwando]] * [[Alluran rigakafi|Allurar rigakafi]] * [[Ƙaranbau|Chicken pox]] * [[Cowpox]]- kwayar cuta ce da ke da alaƙa da kwayar cutar vaccinia kuma tana cikin nau'in Orthopoxvirus. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> nyyu5g4vp95fsnxrd2tnnezy2p5dluh 974922 974921 2026-11-01T16:57:49Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 974922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Progressive vaccinia wani yanayi ne na [[fata]] wanda ke haifar da kwayar cutar vaccinia, wanda ke nuna rashin ciwo amma ci gaba da necrosis da ulceration.<ref name="Andrews">{{Cite book|edition=Dirk|url-access=Rosenbach|oclc=Neuhaus}}</ref> == Gabatarwa == === Matsalolin === Fungi na dama, protozoal, ko cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da [[Kwayar cutar Bakteriya|kwayar cuta]] vaccinia kanta na iya haifar da firgici na septic da yaduwar intravascular coagulation, ban da necrosis da kwayar fata. Wasu daga cikin wadannan kyallen takarda na iya zama babba, suna buƙatar ba kawai a sanya fata ba amma a cire kayan aikin tiyata na kwayar da aka lalata, don kauce wa cutar da aka sanya da mahaukaci a cikin marasa lafiya da aka dasa, wanda in ba haka ba dole ne a dakatar da maganin rigakafi don ba da damar warkar da rauni. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ilimin jiki == Ana gabatar da allurar rigakafi a cikin fata ta hanyar raguwa da yawa na allurar da aka bifurcated. Kwayar cutar ta sake maimaitawa a cikin Layer basal kuma ta bazu daga tantanin halitta zuwa tantanin halitta, tana haifar da necrosis da kuma samar da vesicles cike da ruwa. Duk da haka, yaduwar farko ta kwayar cutar ta ragu ta hanyar hanyoyin rigakafin kwayar cuta, kuma, a mako na biyu, amsawar rigakafin da ke tattare da kwayar halitta ta fara kawar da ƙwayoyin da suka kamu da cuta.{{Efn|[[Immunosuppressed]] individuals tend to have a larger fatality rate and tendency to get the virus due to [[HIV]] infection, iatrogenic immunosuppression, etc. Although these conditions are [[contraindications]] to the dermovaccine, inadvertent inoculation after contact with a vaccinee may occur; in layman's terms, inoculation means the introduction of a pathogen or antigen into a living organism to stimulate the production of antibodies.<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|inoculation|access-date=December 9, 2020}}</ref> Due to the impaired immune response of the host, the virus multiplies by cell-to-cell spread at the inoculation site, and the lesion expands circumferentially, forming the trademark symptoms called "pocks".}} Neutrophils, macrophages, da lymphocytes suna shiga cikin shafin inoculation, suna samar da pustule kuma suna saki cytokines da chemokines waɗanda ke haifar da hyperemia da edema a cikin kyallen da ke kewaye. Wannan na iya bayyanawa da farko a cikin korafe-korafe na rashin lafiya da sauran alamun tsarin mulki, zazzabi, amai, da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta masu ƙanƙara. Wasu masu rigakafin suna haɓaka ƙarin "satellite" na gida waɗanda ke warwarewa tare da raunin farko. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Kwayar cutar na iya samun damar shiga jini a farkon matakin, kuma cututtukan fata na biyu, waɗanda ke bin juyin halitta iri ɗaya da shafin rigakafi, na iya bayyana a duk faɗin jiki. Kwayoyin cuta, kamar Staphylococcus aureus, na iya kamuwa da cututtukan cututtuka, da cututfumen necrotic. Rashin rauni na coalescent na iya rufe manyan sassan jiki tare da lalacewar nama mai yawa. Kodayake wasu ƙwayoyin cuta na vaccinia galibi suna yaduwa ta hanyar jini, an ruwaito cewa kwayar cutar NYCBOH tana haifar da iyakantaccen kwayar cuta a cikin ƙananan masu karɓa a lokacin da aka kafa pustule.<ref>Fenner, Frank; Henderson, Donald A.; Arita, Isao; Jezek, Zdenek; Ladnyi, Ivan Danilovich; Organization, World Health (1988). Smallpox and its eradication. World Health Organization. hdl:10665/39485. <nowiki>ISBN 978-92-4-156110-5</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Blattner, Russell J.; Norman, James O.; Heys, Florence M.; Aksu, Ismet (June 1964). "Antibody response to cutaneous inoculation with vaccinia virus: Viremia and viruria in vaccinated children". The Journal of Pediatrics. 64 (6): 839–852. doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(64)80642-9. <nowiki>PMID 14172233</nowiki>.</ref> Tsarin kumburi ya kai mafi girma a cikin kwanaki 10-12 bayan allurar rigakafi kuma ya fara warwarewa a rana ta 14, tare da zubar da scab da sauran pustules a rana ta 21. Wannan jerin abubuwan da suka faru, wanda ke kwaikwayon ci gaban kyanda "aljihu", an san shi da "karɓar". Ana buƙatar nasarar "karɓar" don ci gaban maganin rigakafin rigakafi da martani na sel.[3][4][5][6] == Magani == Baya ga shayar da fata, wasu magunguna ma suna aiki. Daga cikin Magungunan rigakafi, cidofovir ya nuna wasu sakamako a cikin binciken farko. Baya ga magance cututtukan da ke faruwa tare da magungunan rigakafi, da magungun rigakafi. Ana ba da maganin HIV ko rigakafi (ko aƙalla iatrogenic immunosuppression kamar ciwon daji da cututtuken rigakafi) a cikin marasa lafiya na HIV da kuma janyewar maganin rigakafi tare da gudanar da VIG don ceton rayuwar mai haƙuri. Ana buƙatar kulawa mai zurfi da kulawa ta tallafi. Ana ba da VIG har zuwa 10 ml / kg nauyin jiki. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Dubi kuma == * Allurar rigakafi * [[Yanayin fata|Rashin rauni a fata]] * Necrosis * [[Agana|Kwararrun Kwando]] * [[Alluran rigakafi|Allurar rigakafi]] * [[Ƙaranbau|Chicken pox]] * [[Cowpox]]- kwayar cuta ce da ke da alaƙa da kwayar cutar vaccinia kuma tana cikin nau'in Orthopoxvirus. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> datusmyd596dmjpv7ck50nafmamm0rc 974923 974922 2026-11-01T16:58:42Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 974923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Progressive vaccinia wani yanayi ne na [[fata]] wanda ke haifar da kwayar cutar vaccinia, wanda ke nuna rashin ciwo amma ci gaba da necrosis da ulceration.<ref name="Andrews">{{Cite book|edition=Dirk|url-access=Rosenbach|oclc=Neuhaus}}</ref> == Gabatarwa == === Matsalolin === Fungi na dama, protozoal, ko cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da [[Kwayar cutar Bakteriya|kwayar cuta]] vaccinia kanta na iya haifar da firgici na septic da yaduwar intravascular coagulation, ban da necrosis da kwayar fata. Wasu daga cikin wadannan kyallen takarda na iya zama babba, suna buƙatar ba kawai a sanya fata ba amma a cire kayan aikin tiyata na kwayar da aka lalata, don kauce wa cutar da aka sanya da mahaukaci a cikin marasa lafiya da aka dasa, wanda in ba haka ba dole ne a dakatar da maganin rigakafi don ba da damar warkar da rauni. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ilimin jiki == Ana gabatar da allurar rigakafi a cikin fata ta hanyar raguwa da yawa na allurar da aka bifurcated. Kwayar cutar ta sake maimaitawa a cikin Layer basal kuma ta bazu daga tantanin halitta zuwa tantanin halitta, tana haifar da necrosis da kuma samar da vesicles cike da ruwa. Duk da haka, yaduwar farko ta kwayar cutar ta ragu ta hanyar hanyoyin rigakafin kwayar cuta, kuma, a mako na biyu, amsawar rigakafin da ke tattare da kwayar halitta ta fara kawar da ƙwayoyin da suka kamu da cuta.{{Efn|[[Immunosuppressed]] individuals tend to have a larger fatality rate and tendency to get the virus due to [[HIV]] infection, iatrogenic immunosuppression, etc. Although these conditions are [[contraindications]] to the dermovaccine, inadvertent inoculation after contact with a vaccinee may occur; in layman's terms, inoculation means the introduction of a pathogen or antigen into a living organism to stimulate the production of antibodies.<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|inoculation|access-date=December 9, 2020}}</ref> Due to the impaired immune response of the host, the virus multiplies by cell-to-cell spread at the inoculation site, and the lesion expands circumferentially, forming the trademark symptoms called "pocks".}} Neutrophils, macrophages, da lymphocytes suna shiga cikin shafin inoculation, suna samar da pustule kuma suna saki cytokines da chemokines waɗanda ke haifar da hyperemia da edema a cikin kyallen da ke kewaye. Wannan na iya bayyanawa da farko a cikin korafe-korafe na rashin lafiya da sauran alamun tsarin mulki, zazzabi, amai, da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta masu ƙanƙara. Wasu masu rigakafin suna haɓaka ƙarin "satellite" na gida waɗanda ke warwarewa tare da raunin farko. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Kwayar cutar na iya samun damar shiga jini a farkon matakin, kuma cututtukan fata na biyu, waɗanda ke bin juyin halitta iri ɗaya da shafin rigakafi, na iya bayyana a duk faɗin jiki. Kwayoyin cuta, kamar Staphylococcus aureus, na iya kamuwa da cututtukan cututtuka, da cututfumen necrotic. Rashin rauni na coalescent na iya rufe manyan sassan jiki tare da lalacewar nama mai yawa. Kodayake wasu ƙwayoyin cuta na vaccinia galibi suna yaduwa ta hanyar jini, an ruwaito cewa kwayar cutar NYCBOH tana haifar da iyakantaccen kwayar cuta a cikin ƙananan masu karɓa a lokacin da aka kafa pustule.<ref>Fenner, Frank; Henderson, Donald A.; Arita, Isao; Jezek, Zdenek; Ladnyi, Ivan Danilovich; Organization, World Health (1988). Smallpox and its eradication. World Health Organization. hdl:10665/39485. <nowiki>ISBN 978-92-4-156110-5</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Blattner, Russell J.; Norman, James O.; Heys, Florence M.; Aksu, Ismet (June 1964). "Antibody response to cutaneous inoculation with vaccinia virus: Viremia and viruria in vaccinated children". The Journal of Pediatrics. 64 (6): 839–852. doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(64)80642-9. <nowiki>PMID 14172233</nowiki>.</ref> Tsarin kumburi ya kai mafi girma a cikin kwanaki 10-12 bayan allurar rigakafi kuma ya fara warwarewa a rana ta 14, tare da zubar da scab da sauran pustules a rana ta 21. Wannan jerin abubuwan da suka faru, wanda ke kwaikwayon ci gaban kyanda "aljihu", an san shi da "karɓar". Ana buƙatar nasarar "karɓar" don ci gaban maganin rigakafin rigakafi da martani na sel.<ref>Frey, Sharon E.; Couch, Robert B.; Tacket, Carol O.; Treanor, John J.; Wolff, Mark; Newman, Frances K.; Atmar, Robert L.; Edelman, Robert; Nolan, Carrie M.; Belshe, Robert B.; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Smallpox Vaccine Study Group (25 April 2002). "Clinical Responses to Undiluted and Diluted Smallpox Vaccine". New England Journal of Medicine. 346 (17): 1265–1274. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa020534. <nowiki>PMID 11923490</nowiki>.</ref>[4][5][6] == Magani == Baya ga shayar da fata, wasu magunguna ma suna aiki. Daga cikin Magungunan rigakafi, cidofovir ya nuna wasu sakamako a cikin binciken farko. Baya ga magance cututtukan da ke faruwa tare da magungunan rigakafi, da magungun rigakafi. Ana ba da maganin HIV ko rigakafi (ko aƙalla iatrogenic immunosuppression kamar ciwon daji da cututtuken rigakafi) a cikin marasa lafiya na HIV da kuma janyewar maganin rigakafi tare da gudanar da VIG don ceton rayuwar mai haƙuri. Ana buƙatar kulawa mai zurfi da kulawa ta tallafi. Ana ba da VIG har zuwa 10 ml / kg nauyin jiki. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Dubi kuma == * Allurar rigakafi * [[Yanayin fata|Rashin rauni a fata]] * Necrosis * [[Agana|Kwararrun Kwando]] * [[Alluran rigakafi|Allurar rigakafi]] * [[Ƙaranbau|Chicken pox]] * [[Cowpox]]- kwayar cuta ce da ke da alaƙa da kwayar cutar vaccinia kuma tana cikin nau'in Orthopoxvirus. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> naxk5uwhbqmd1lsu5tfcfq72n1jtfol 0 159100 975081 953997 2026-11-02T00:00:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ciwon Diogenes''', wanda aka fi sani da '''ciwon tsufa''', cuta ce da ke tattare da [[Rashin kula da kai|sakaci da kai]], rashin kwanciyar hankali a cikin gida, rashin son kai, rashin kulawa da kuma tara shara ko dabbobi da dole. Mutanen da abin ya shafa kuma suna iya nuna alamun cutar catatonia . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cybulska |first=E |last2=Rucinski |first2=J |year=1986 |title=Gross Self-neglect in Old Age |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_british-journal-of-hospital-medicine_1986-07_36_1/page/21 |journal=Br J Hosp Med |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=21–23 |pmid=3535960}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenthal |first=M |last2=Stelian |first2=J |last3=Wagner |first3=J |last4=Berkman |first4=P |year=1999 |title=Diogenes syndrome and hoarding in the elderly: case reports |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_israel-journal-of-psychiatry-and-related-sciences_1999_36_1/page/29 |journal=The Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=29–34 |pmid=10389361}}</ref> An fara gane wannan yanayin a shekarar 1966 <ref name="Macmillan">{{Cite journal |last=Macmillan |first=D |last2=Shaw |first2=P. |year=1966 |title=Senile breakdown in standards of personal and environmental cleanliness |journal=BMJ |volume=2 |issue=5521 |pages=1032–7 |doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5521.1032 |pmc=1944569 |pmid=5919035}}</ref> kuma Likita ANG Clark da abokan aikinsa sun sanya masa suna Diogenes syndrome <ref name="Clark">{{Cite journal |last=Clark |first=AN |last2=Mankikar |first2=GD |last3=Gray |first3=I |year=1975 |title=Diogenes syndrome A clinical study of gross neglect in old age |journal=Lancet |volume=1 |issue=7903 |pages=366–368 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(75)91280-5 |pmid=46514 |s2cid=44838574}}</ref> Sunan ya samo asali ne daga [[Diogenes|Diogenes na Sinope]], wani tsohon masanin falsafa na Girka, mai tsattsauran ra'ayi kuma mai son kai, wanda ake zargin yana zaune a cikin babban tulu a Athens. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2026 |title=The Greek Philosopher Who Lived in a Jar |url=https://www.missedhistory.com/article/diogenes-the-barrel-philosopher |access-date=June 10, 2026 |website=missedhistory.com}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ba wai kawai bai tara ba, har ma ya nemi rakiyar ɗan adam ta hanyar yin tafiya kowace rana zuwa Agora . Saboda haka, ana ɗaukar wannan sunan a matsayin ba daidai ba . <ref name="Cybulska">{{Cite journal |last=Cybulska |first=E |year=1998 |title=Senile Squalor: Plyushkin's not Diogenes Syndrome |journal=Psychiatric Bulletin |volume=22 |issue=5 |pages=319–320 |doi=10.1192/pb.22.5.319 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marcos |first=M |last2=Gomez-Pellin |first2=MC. |year=2008 |title=A tale of a misnamed eponym: Diogenes syndrome |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-geriatric-psychiatry_2008-09_23_9/page/990 |journal=Int J Geriatr Psychiatry |volume=23 |issue=9 |pages=990–1 |doi=10.1002/gps.2005 |pmid=18752218 |s2cid=45209151}}</ref> Sauran kalmomin da za a iya amfani da su sune ''lalacewar tsufa'', ''cutar Plyushkin'' (bayan halin Gogol ), <ref name="Cybulska" /> ''lalacewar zamantakewa'', da kuma ''ciwon tsufa'' . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cooney |first=C |last2=Hamid |first2=W |year=1995 |title=Review: diogenes syndrome |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2459/is_n5_v24/ai_17438718 |journal=Age and Ageing |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=451–3 |doi=10.1093/ageing/24.5.451 |pmid=8669353 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2026-06-21 |archive-date=2007-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214220249/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2459/is_n5_v24/ai_17438718/print |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rashin lafiyar gaba na iya taka rawa a cikin dalilin. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Orrell |first=M |last2=Sahakian |first2=B. |year=1991 |title=Dementia of frontal type |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_psychological-medicine_1991-08_21_3/page/553 |journal=Psychol Med |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=553–6 |doi=10.1017/S0033291700022170 |pmid=1946843 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Gabatarwa == [[Fayil:Syndrome_de_Diogène_dans_la_cour_d'une_maison.jpg|thumb|Bayyanar cutar Diogenes a bayan gida]] Ciwon Diogenes cuta ce da ta ƙunshi tara shara da kuma sakaci sosai. Bugu da ƙari, wannan cuta tana da alaƙa da rashin kwanciyar hankali a cikin gida, rashin kwanciyar hankali, rabuwar zamantakewa, da kuma ƙin taimako. An nuna cewa tana faruwa ne a matsayin martani ga [[Matsalar tunani|damuwa]], sau da yawa a ƙarshen rayuwa. <ref name="Reyes-Ortiz">{{Cite journal |last=Reyes-Ortiz |first=C |year=2001 |title=Diogenes syndrome: The self-neglect elderly |journal=Comprehensive Therapy |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=117–121 |doi=10.1007/s12019-996-0005-6 |pmid=11430258 |s2cid=41954393}}</ref> A mafi yawan lokuta, an lura da marasa lafiya suna da rashin daidaituwar mallaka da kuma yanayin rikitarwa ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba. Waɗannan alamun suna nuna lalacewa ga sassan gaba na kwakwalwa, saboda alaƙarta da yanke shawara . Sabanin haka, akwai kuma lokuta inda aka shirya abubuwan da aka tara ta hanyar da ta dace, wanda zai iya nuna wani dalili banda lalacewar kwakwalwa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2026)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Rashin gano cutar autism shi ma yana iya zama wani abu da ke haifar da hakan. Duk da cewa an lura da yawancin marasa lafiya sun fito daga gidaje masu fama da rashin lafiya, kuma da yawa sun daɗe suna fuskantar [[talauci]], waɗannan kamanceceniya ba a ɗaukar su a matsayin sanadin wannan ciwo ba. Bincike ya nuna cewa wasu daga cikin waɗanda suka kamu da wannan cuta suna da asali mai kyau na iyali da kuma rayuwa mai kyau ta ƙwararru. Rabin marasa lafiyar suna da ƙwarewa mai zurfi. <ref name="Clark study">{{Cite journal |last=Clark |first=ANG |last2=Mannikar |date=February 15, 1975 |title=Diogenes syndrome. A clinical study of gross neglect in old age. |journal=The Lancet |volume=1 |issue=7903 |pages=366–8 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(75)91280-5 |pmid=46514 |s2cid=44838574}}</ref> Tsananin sakaci da suke jawo wa kansu yawanci yakan haifar da rugujewar jiki ko kuma lalacewar kwakwalwa. Yawancin mutanen da ke fama da wannan matsala ba a gane su ba har sai sun fuskanci wannan matakin rugujewa, saboda son ƙin taimako daga wasu. <ref name="Clark"/> Ko kuma har sai wani rikici ya faru, misali gobara a gida <ref>{{Cite web |title=Flat fire - Chelsea |url=https://www.london-fire.gov.uk/incidents/2025/october/flat-fire-chelsea/ |access-date=2026-02-01 |website=www.london-fire.gov.uk |language=en-GB}}</ref> . Halayen halayen da ake iya gani akai-akai a cikin marasa lafiya da aka gano suna da cutar Diogenes sune tashin hankali, taurin kai, zargin wasu, canjin yanayi mara tabbas, rashin kwanciyar hankali na motsin rai da kuma fahimtar gaskiya. <ref name="Reyes-Ortiz"/> Ciwon zuciya na biyu yana da alaƙa da cututtukan kwakwalwa. <ref name="Reyes-Ortiz" /> Alaƙar kai tsaye tsakanin halayen marasa lafiya da wannan cuta ba ta bayyana ba, kodayake kamanceceniya a cikin halin yana nuna yiwuwar hanyoyin bincike. <ref name="Reyes-Ortiz" /> == Ganewar Ganewa == Mutane da ke fama da cutar Diogenes galibi suna nuna alamun tarin abubuwa, tarin abubuwa, ko kuma matsalar tilastawa. Mutanen da suka sami rauni a kwakwalwa, musamman gaban goshi, na iya fuskantar haɗarin kamuwa da cutar. Gaban goshi suna da sha'awa musamman, saboda an san suna da hannu a cikin manyan hanyoyin fahimta, kamar tunani, yanke shawara da sa ido kan rikici. Ciwon Diogenes yakan faru ne a tsakanin tsofaffi. Mutanen da ke fama da wannan cuta galibi suna da manyan matsalolin aiki da ke da alaƙa da rashin lafiya da mace-mace. [1] == Manazarta == edekyq2rl11gssd79q3oh8nmfdbobdd 0 161738 975088 884196 2026-11-02T01:46:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Corey Kiner''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2002) <ref name="birthday">{{Cite web |title=Corey Kiner Running Back Cincinnati |url=https://www.nfldraftbuzz.com/Player/Corey-Kiner-RB-LSU |access-date=September 20, 2024 |website=nfldraftbuzz.com}}</ref> ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙwallon ƙwallon kafa na Arizona Cardinals na Ƙungiyar [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]] ta Kasa (NFL). Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga LSU Tigers da Cincinnati Bearcats . == Rayuwa ta farko == Kiner ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Roger Bacon a St. Bernard, Ohio . A matsayinsa na babban jami'i a shekarar 2020, an ba shi suna Ohio Mr. Football bayan ya yi sauri don yadudduka 1,866 da kuma touchdowns 35.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shoemaker |first=Greg |date=December 12, 2020 |title=Roger Bacon's Kiner named 2020 Ohio 'Mr. Football' |url=https://www.heraldstaronline.com/sports/local-sports/2020/12/roger-bacons-kiner-named-2020-ohio-mr-football/ |access-date=May 30, 2026 |website=Herald-Star}}</ref> A cikin aikinsa, yana da yadudduka 7,130 da jimlar touchdowns 125. Kiner ya himmatu ga Jami'ar Jihar Louisiana (LSU) don buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kubena |first=Brooks |date=May 11, 2020 |title=LSU lands commitment from 4-star running back Corey Kiner |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/sports/lsu/lsu-lands-commitment-from-4-star-running-back-corey-kiner/article_5692b6cc-938c-11ea-a200-1f776fac8762.html |website=The Advocate |access-date=July 17, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260717082158/https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/sports/lsu/lsu-lands-commitment-from-4-star-running-back-corey-kiner/article_5692b6cc-938c-11ea-a200-1f776fac8762.html |archive-date=July 17, 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 11, 2020 |title=LSU football recruiting: Four-star RB Corey Kiner commits to Tigers in 2021 class |url=https://www.cbssports.com/college-football/news/lsu-football-recruiting-four-star-rb-corey-kiner-commits-to-tigers-in-2021-class/ |website=CBSSports.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == A cikin kakar wasa daya da ya yi a LSU a cikin 2021, Kiner ya yi sauri don yadudduka 324 a kan 79 tare da touchdowns biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 18, 2022 |title=LSU's 2nd-leading rusher Kiner joining Cincinnati |url=https://www.espn.com/college-football/story/_/id/33761367/lsu-tigers-second-leading-rusher-corey-kiner-enters-transfer-portal |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> Bayan kakar, ya koma Jami'ar Cincinnati.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Springer |first=Scott |title=Cincinnati Bearcat football officially announces the addition of LSU transfer Corey Kiner |url=https://www.cincinnati.com/story/sports/college/university-of-cincinnati/2022/04/18/corey-kiner-running-back-transferring-lsu-to-cincinnati/7360193001/ |website=The Enquirer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 18, 2022 |title=Corey Kiner transfers to Cincinnati: Former LSU RB returns home as Bearcats reload for 2022 season |url=https://www.cbssports.com/college-football/news/corey-kiner-transfers-to-cincinnati-former-lsu-rb-returns-home-as-bearcats-reload-for-2022-season/ |website=CBSSports.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Justin |title=Corey Kiner’s homecoming is a boon for Cincinnati’s present and future |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/3257847/2022/04/19/corey-kiner-cincinnati-lsu/ |via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta farko a Cincinnati a shekarar 2022, ya buga wasanni 10 kuma ya yi sauri sau 81 don yadudduka 362 da kuma touchdown biyar. Kiner ya zama mai farawa na Cincinnati a 2023, yana gaggauta zuwa 1,047 a kan 192 yana dauke da touchdown biyar. Ya dawo a matsayin mai farawa na Cincinnati a babban shekarunsa a 2024. === Kididdigar kwaleji === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |GP ! colspan="4" |Gudun daji ! colspan="4" |Karɓar |- !Mataki !Yds !Avg !TD !Rec !Yds !Avg !TD |- !2021 !LSU |11 |79 |320 |4.1 |2 |2 |10 |5.0 |0 |- !2022 !Cincinnati |10 |81 |362 |4.5 |5 |2 |2 |1.0 |0 |- !2023 !Cincinnati |12 |192 |1,047 |5.5 |5 |12 |49 |6.4 |0 |- !2024 !Cincinnati |12 |204 |1,153 |5.7 |4 |16 |111 |6.9 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |[https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/corey-kiner-1.html Ayyuka] !45 !556 !2,882 !5.2 !16 !32 !172 !5.4 !0 |} == Ayyukan sana'a == {{NFL predraft|height ft=5|height in=8 5/8|weight=209|dash=4.57|ten split=1.59|twenty split=2.70|shuttle=4.44|bench=19|arm span=30 1/2|hand span=7 3/4|note=All values from [[NFL Combine]]/[[Pro Day]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nfl.com/prospects/corey-kiner/32004b49-4e26-4267-f80f-d33f06568a74 |title=Corey Kiner Draft and Combine Prospect Profile |website=NFL.com |access-date=March 1, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://draftscout.com/dsprofile.php?PlayerId=1053100&DraftYear=2025 |title=Corey Kiner College Football Profile |website=DraftScout.com |access-date=March 1, 2025}}</ref>}} === San Francisco 49ers === Kiner ya sanya hannu tare da San Francisco 49ers a matsayin mai ba da kyauta a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 27, 2025 |title=49ers confirm signings of six undrafted free agents, including a receiver with elite athletic traits |url=https://www.ninersnation.com/2025/4/27/24418987/49ers-confirm-signings-six-undrafted-free-agents-receiver-elite-athletic-traits |website=Niners Nation}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga watan Agusta, Kiner ya yi watsi da shi / ya ji rauni daga 49ers saboda raunin idon kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 20, 2025 |title=49ers Sign OL Michael Dunn, WR Malik Knowles, and Other Roster Moves |url=https://www.49ers.com/news/49ers-sign-ol-michael-dunn-wr-malik-knowles-and-other-roster-moves |access-date=August 20, 2025 |website=49ers.com}}</ref> === Minnesota Vikings === A ranar 23 ga Satumba, 2025, Kiner ya sanya hannu a tawagar motsa jiki ta Minnesota Vikings.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Peters |first=Craig |date=September 23, 2025 |title=Vikings Announce Multiple Roster Moves |url=https://www.vikings.com/news/corey-kiner-roster-moves-signed-waived-practice-squad-2025 |access-date=September 23, 2025 |website=Vikings.com}}</ref> === Arizona Cardinals === A ranar 2 ga watan Disamba, 2025, Kiner ya sanya hannu daga kungiyar Arizona Cardinals daga kungiyar motsa jiki ta Vikings. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Urban, Darren |date=December 2, 2025 |title=Cardinals Sign Cory Kiner For Offensive Backfield |url=https://www.azcardinals.com/news/cardinals-sign-running-back-cory-kiner-from-vikings |access-date=May 30, 2026 |website=AZCardinals.com}}</ref> == Kididdigar aikin NFL == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Shekara ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! colspan="2" |Wasanni ! colspan="5" |Gudun daji ! colspan="5" |Karɓar ! colspan="2" |Rashin hankali |- !GP !GS !Mataki !Yds !Avg !Lng !TD !Rec !Yds !Avg !Lng !TD !Shan taba !Ya ɓace |- ! rowspan="2" |2025 !MIN |0 |0 | colspan="12" |{{Abbr|DNP|Did not play}} |- !ARI |4 |0 |12 |58 |4.8 |9 |0 |2 |15 |7.5 |11 |0 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |[https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/K/KineCo00.htm Ayyuka] !4 !0 !12 !58 !4.8 !9 !0 !2 !15 !7.5 !11 !0 !0 !0 |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.azcardinals.com/team/players-roster/corey-kiner/ Tarihin Arizona Cardinals] * [https://lsusports.net/sports/fb/roster/player/corey-kiner/ LSU Tigers bio] * [https://gobearcats.com/sports/football/roster/corey-kiner/12390 Cincinnati Bearcats bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2002]] 1a2gnl9f26y5tmmtxxi1ky7q993jpu6 0 163220 974815 895187 2026-11-01T15:47:59Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rosemarie Trockel''' (an haife ta a ranar 13 ga Nuwamban shekarar 1952) 'yar ƙasar Jamus ce mai zane-zanen ra'ayi . {{R|grove}} Ta yi zane-zane, zane-zane, sassaka, bidiyo da kuma kayan aiki, kuma ta yi aiki a fannoni daban-daban . {{R|ben}} Daga shekarar 1985, ta yi hotuna ta amfani da injinan saka.{{R|grove}} Ita farfesa ce a Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, a [[Düsseldorf]] a Nordrhein-Westfalen . {{R|wolf}} == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Trockel a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba 1952 a Schwerte, a Nordrhein-Westfalen a [[Yammacin Jamus|Jamus ta Yamma]] . Tsakanin 1974 da 1978, ta yi karatun ilmin ɗan adam, lissafi, ilimin zamantakewa da kuma tauhidi yayin da take karatu a [[Kunstgewerbeschule|Werkkunstschule]] na [[Köln|Cologne]], a lokacin da tasirin Joseph Beuys ya yi ƙarfi sosai a can. {{R|grove|ben}} A farkon shekarun 1980, Trockel ya haɗu da membobin ƙungiyar masu fasaha ta Mülheimer Freiheit waɗanda Jiří Georg Dokoupil da Walter Dahn suka kafa, kuma ya baje kolin a gidan adana kayan tarihi na Monika Sprüth da ke Cologne. {{R|grove|lynne}} == Aiki == [[Fayil:Frankfurter_Engel_1,_cropped.jpg|thumb|347x347px| An yi wasan ƙarfe na ''Frankfurter Engel'' a Klaus Mann Platz, [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt am Main]] ; ƙarfen siminti na 1994]] Ayyukan Trockel sau da yawa suna sukar ayyukan wasu masu fasaha, ko salon fasaha kamar ƙananan zane-zane . {{R|mirj}} <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 252">&#x3A;&#x200A;252&#x200A;</span></sup>A shekarar 1985, ta fara yin manyan zane-zane da aka yi a kan injunan saka na masana'antu. Waɗannan suna nuna siffofi ko tambari na geometric akai-akai kamar Playboy Bunny ko guduma da sickle, da kuma alamar kasuwanci: ''An yi a Yammacin Jamus'' . {{R|lynne}} A shekarun 1980, ta kuma yi aiki a mujallar ''Eau de Cologne'', wadda ta mayar da hankali kan ayyukan mata masu fasaha. {{R|mirj}} A shekarar 1994, Trockel ya ƙirƙiri abin tunawa na ''Frankfurter Engel'' don birnin [[Frankfurt]] . {{R|kunst}} A cikin littafin Documenta a shekarar 1997, ita da Carsten Höller sun yi aiki tare kan wani shiri a ɗaya daga cikin gine-ginen baje kolin. Tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1990, ta yi aiki sosai da yumbu kuma ta ci gaba da samar da "zane-zanen hannu da na'ura". An nuna wasu daga cikin waɗannan zane-zane a wani bincike ''da aka yi a baya'', wanda aka yi a gidan tarihi na Ludwig da ke Cologne a shekarar 2005. {{R|mirj}} <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 252">&#x3A;&#x200A;252&#x200A;</span></sup> A tsakiyar [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]], Trockel ya yi aiki tare da mai tsara Bottega Veneta Daniel Lee kan kamfen ɗin tallan kamfanin na 2021 == Ganewa == * 2011 – Kyautar Wolf {{R|wolf}} * 2011 – Goslarer Kaiserring <ref name="a816">{{Cite web |title=Rosemarie Trockel |url=https://www.art-in.de/ausstellung.php?id=2438 |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=art-in.de |language=de}}</ref> * 2004 - Kyautar Wolfgang Hahn == Nune - Nune == An haɗa ayyukan Trockel a cikin Babban Tashar Italiya a 2013 kuma ta wakilci Jamus a Venice Biennale a 1999; ta shiga cikin Documenta a 1997 da 2012. Sauran nune-nunen sun haɗa da: * 2005: ''Bayan Haihuwa'', Gidan Tarihi na Ludwig, Cologne {{R|mirj|pm}} * 2009: ''Rebelle: Art & Feminism 1969-2009'', Museum voor Moderne Kunst Arnhem, Arnhem, Holland {{R|mirj}} * 2012–2013: ''Rosemarie Trockel: A Cosmos'' : Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia, [[Madrid]] ; New Museum, [[New York (birni)|New York]] ; Gidan Gallery na Serpentine, London; Kunst-und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Bonn {{R|lynne}} * 2015: ''Märzôschnee ûnd Wiebôrweh sand am Môargô niana më'', Kunsthaus Bregenz, [[Bregenz]], Austria {{R|jorg|kub}} * 2018: ''Daban-daban iri ɗaya'', Moderna Museet, [[Malmö]], Sweden. {{R|matt|mm}} == Gado == Daliban Trockel a Kunstakademie Düsseldorf sun haɗa da Thea Djordjadze, Michail Pirgelis da [[Bettina Pousttchi]] . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] mz8itk4timzmp3pn20txm3qjlgk1z4x 974816 974815 2026-11-01T15:48:13Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rosemarie Trockel''' (an haife ta a ranar 13 ga Nuwamban shekarar 1952) ƴar ƙasar Jamus ce mai zane-zanen ra'ayi . {{R|grove}} Ta yi zane-zane, zane-zane, sassaka, bidiyo da kuma kayan aiki, kuma ta yi aiki a fannoni daban-daban . {{R|ben}} Daga shekarar 1985, ta yi hotuna ta amfani da injinan saka.{{R|grove}} Ita farfesa ce a Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, a [[Düsseldorf]] a Nordrhein-Westfalen . {{R|wolf}} == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Trockel a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba 1952 a Schwerte, a Nordrhein-Westfalen a [[Yammacin Jamus|Jamus ta Yamma]] . Tsakanin 1974 da 1978, ta yi karatun ilmin ɗan adam, lissafi, ilimin zamantakewa da kuma tauhidi yayin da take karatu a [[Kunstgewerbeschule|Werkkunstschule]] na [[Köln|Cologne]], a lokacin da tasirin Joseph Beuys ya yi ƙarfi sosai a can. {{R|grove|ben}} A farkon shekarun 1980, Trockel ya haɗu da membobin ƙungiyar masu fasaha ta Mülheimer Freiheit waɗanda Jiří Georg Dokoupil da Walter Dahn suka kafa, kuma ya baje kolin a gidan adana kayan tarihi na Monika Sprüth da ke Cologne. {{R|grove|lynne}} == Aiki == [[Fayil:Frankfurter_Engel_1,_cropped.jpg|thumb|347x347px| An yi wasan ƙarfe na ''Frankfurter Engel'' a Klaus Mann Platz, [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt am Main]] ; ƙarfen siminti na 1994]] Ayyukan Trockel sau da yawa suna sukar ayyukan wasu masu fasaha, ko salon fasaha kamar ƙananan zane-zane . {{R|mirj}} <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 252">&#x3A;&#x200A;252&#x200A;</span></sup>A shekarar 1985, ta fara yin manyan zane-zane da aka yi a kan injunan saka na masana'antu. Waɗannan suna nuna siffofi ko tambari na geometric akai-akai kamar Playboy Bunny ko guduma da sickle, da kuma alamar kasuwanci: ''An yi a Yammacin Jamus'' . {{R|lynne}} A shekarun 1980, ta kuma yi aiki a mujallar ''Eau de Cologne'', wadda ta mayar da hankali kan ayyukan mata masu fasaha. {{R|mirj}} A shekarar 1994, Trockel ya ƙirƙiri abin tunawa na ''Frankfurter Engel'' don birnin [[Frankfurt]] . {{R|kunst}} A cikin littafin Documenta a shekarar 1997, ita da Carsten Höller sun yi aiki tare kan wani shiri a ɗaya daga cikin gine-ginen baje kolin. Tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1990, ta yi aiki sosai da yumbu kuma ta ci gaba da samar da "zane-zanen hannu da na'ura". An nuna wasu daga cikin waɗannan zane-zane a wani bincike ''da aka yi a baya'', wanda aka yi a gidan tarihi na Ludwig da ke Cologne a shekarar 2005. {{R|mirj}} <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 252">&#x3A;&#x200A;252&#x200A;</span></sup> A tsakiyar [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]], Trockel ya yi aiki tare da mai tsara Bottega Veneta Daniel Lee kan kamfen ɗin tallan kamfanin na 2021 == Ganewa == * 2011 – Kyautar Wolf {{R|wolf}} * 2011 – Goslarer Kaiserring <ref name="a816">{{Cite web |title=Rosemarie Trockel |url=https://www.art-in.de/ausstellung.php?id=2438 |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=art-in.de |language=de}}</ref> * 2004 - Kyautar Wolfgang Hahn == Nune - Nune == An haɗa ayyukan Trockel a cikin Babban Tashar Italiya a 2013 kuma ta wakilci Jamus a Venice Biennale a 1999; ta shiga cikin Documenta a 1997 da 2012. Sauran nune-nunen sun haɗa da: * 2005: ''Bayan Haihuwa'', Gidan Tarihi na Ludwig, Cologne {{R|mirj|pm}} * 2009: ''Rebelle: Art & Feminism 1969-2009'', Museum voor Moderne Kunst Arnhem, Arnhem, Holland {{R|mirj}} * 2012–2013: ''Rosemarie Trockel: A Cosmos'' : Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia, [[Madrid]] ; New Museum, [[New York (birni)|New York]] ; Gidan Gallery na Serpentine, London; Kunst-und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Bonn {{R|lynne}} * 2015: ''Märzôschnee ûnd Wiebôrweh sand am Môargô niana më'', Kunsthaus Bregenz, [[Bregenz]], Austria {{R|jorg|kub}} * 2018: ''Daban-daban iri ɗaya'', Moderna Museet, [[Malmö]], Sweden. {{R|matt|mm}} == Gado == Daliban Trockel a Kunstakademie Düsseldorf sun haɗa da Thea Djordjadze, Michail Pirgelis da [[Bettina Pousttchi]] . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] e54xgttmtbce1fn3l392l77d10bejjr 974818 974816 2026-11-01T15:48:54Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rosemarie Trockel''' (an haife ta a ranar 13 ga Nuwamban shekarar 1952) ƴar ƙasar Jamus ce mai zane-zanen ra'ayi . {{R|grove}} Ta yi zane-zane, zane-zane, sassaka, bidiyo da kuma kayan aiki, kuma ta yi aiki a fannoni daban-daban . {{R|ben}} Daga shekarar 1985, ta yi hotuna ta amfani da injinan saka.{{R|grove}} Ita farfesa ce a Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, a [[Düsseldorf]] a Nordrhein-Westfalen . {{R|wolf}} == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An kuma haifi Trockel a ranar 13 ga Nuwamban shekarar 1952 a Schwerte, a Nordrhein-Westfalen a [[Yammacin Jamus|Jamus ta Yamma]] . Tsakanin 1974 da 1978, ta yi karatun ilmin ɗan adam, lissafi, ilimin zamantakewa da kuma tauhidi yayin da take karatu a [[Kunstgewerbeschule|Werkkunstschule]] na [[Köln|Cologne]], a lokacin da tasirin Joseph Beuys ya yi ƙarfi sosai a can. {{R|grove|ben}} A farkon shekarun 1980, Trockel ya haɗu da membobin ƙungiyar masu fasaha ta Mülheimer Freiheit waɗanda Jiří Georg Dokoupil da Walter Dahn suka kafa, kuma ya baje kolin a gidan adana kayan tarihi na Monika Sprüth da ke Cologne. {{R|grove|lynne}} == Aiki == [[Fayil:Frankfurter_Engel_1,_cropped.jpg|thumb|347x347px| An yi wasan ƙarfe na ''Frankfurter Engel'' a Klaus Mann Platz, [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt am Main]] ; ƙarfen siminti na 1994]] Ayyukan Trockel sau da yawa suna sukar ayyukan wasu masu fasaha, ko salon fasaha kamar ƙananan zane-zane . {{R|mirj}} <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 252">&#x3A;&#x200A;252&#x200A;</span></sup>A shekarar 1985, ta fara yin manyan zane-zane da aka yi a kan injunan saka na masana'antu. Waɗannan suna nuna siffofi ko tambari na geometric akai-akai kamar Playboy Bunny ko guduma da sickle, da kuma alamar kasuwanci: ''An yi a Yammacin Jamus'' . {{R|lynne}} A shekarun 1980, ta kuma yi aiki a mujallar ''Eau de Cologne'', wadda ta mayar da hankali kan ayyukan mata masu fasaha. {{R|mirj}} A shekarar 1994, Trockel ya ƙirƙiri abin tunawa na ''Frankfurter Engel'' don birnin [[Frankfurt]] . {{R|kunst}} A cikin littafin Documenta a shekarar 1997, ita da Carsten Höller sun yi aiki tare kan wani shiri a ɗaya daga cikin gine-ginen baje kolin. Tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1990, ta yi aiki sosai da yumbu kuma ta ci gaba da samar da "zane-zanen hannu da na'ura". An nuna wasu daga cikin waɗannan zane-zane a wani bincike ''da aka yi a baya'', wanda aka yi a gidan tarihi na Ludwig da ke Cologne a shekarar 2005. {{R|mirj}} <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 252">&#x3A;&#x200A;252&#x200A;</span></sup> A tsakiyar [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]], Trockel ya yi aiki tare da mai tsara Bottega Veneta Daniel Lee kan kamfen ɗin tallan kamfanin na 2021 == Ganewa == * 2011 – Kyautar Wolf {{R|wolf}} * 2011 – Goslarer Kaiserring <ref name="a816">{{Cite web |title=Rosemarie Trockel |url=https://www.art-in.de/ausstellung.php?id=2438 |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=art-in.de |language=de}}</ref> * 2004 - Kyautar Wolfgang Hahn == Nune - Nune == An haɗa ayyukan Trockel a cikin Babban Tashar Italiya a 2013 kuma ta wakilci Jamus a Venice Biennale a 1999; ta shiga cikin Documenta a 1997 da 2012. Sauran nune-nunen sun haɗa da: * 2005: ''Bayan Haihuwa'', Gidan Tarihi na Ludwig, Cologne {{R|mirj|pm}} * 2009: ''Rebelle: Art & Feminism 1969-2009'', Museum voor Moderne Kunst Arnhem, Arnhem, Holland {{R|mirj}} * 2012–2013: ''Rosemarie Trockel: A Cosmos'' : Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia, [[Madrid]] ; New Museum, [[New York (birni)|New York]] ; Gidan Gallery na Serpentine, London; Kunst-und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Bonn {{R|lynne}} * 2015: ''Märzôschnee ûnd Wiebôrweh sand am Môargô niana më'', Kunsthaus Bregenz, [[Bregenz]], Austria {{R|jorg|kub}} * 2018: ''Daban-daban iri ɗaya'', Moderna Museet, [[Malmö]], Sweden. {{R|matt|mm}} == Gado == Daliban Trockel a Kunstakademie Düsseldorf sun haɗa da Thea Djordjadze, Michail Pirgelis da [[Bettina Pousttchi]] . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] c8scpw53nm524y5hvicpe601kh7gfyq 974819 974818 2026-11-01T15:49:14Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rosemarie Trockel''' (an haife ta a ranar 13 ga Nuwamban shekarar 1952) ƴar ƙasar Jamus ce mai zane-zanen ra'ayi . {{R|grove}} Ta yi zane-zane, zane-zane, sassaka, bidiyo da kuma kayan aiki, kuma ta yi aiki a fannoni daban-daban . {{R|ben}} Daga shekarar 1985, ta yi hotuna ta amfani da injinan saka.{{R|grove}} Ita farfesa ce a Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, a [[Düsseldorf]] a Nordrhein-Westfalen . {{R|wolf}} == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An kuma haifi Trockel a ranar 13 ga Nuwamban shekarar 1952 a Schwerte, a Nordrhein-Westfalen a [[Yammacin Jamus|Jamus ta Yamma]] . Tsakanin 1974 da 1978, ta yi karatun ilmin ɗan adam, lissafi, ilimin zamantakewa da kuma tauhidi yayin da take karatu a [[Kunstgewerbeschule|Werkkunstschule]] na [[Köln|Cologne]], a lokacin da tasirin Joseph Beuys ya yi ƙarfi sosai a can. {{R|grove|ben}} A farkon shekarun 1980, Trockel ya haɗu da membobin ƙungiyar masu fasaha ta Mülheimer Freiheit waɗanda Jiří Georg Dokoupil da Walter Dahn suka kafa, kuma ya baje kolin a gidan adana kayan tarihi na Monika Sprüth da ke Cologne. {{R|grove|lynne}} == Aiki == [[Fayil:Frankfurter_Engel_1,_cropped.jpg|thumb|347x347px| An yi wasan ƙarfe na ''Frankfurter Engel'' a Klaus Mann Platz, [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt am Main]] ; ƙarfen siminti na 1994]] Ayyukan Trockel sau da yawa suna sukar ayyukan wasu masu fasaha, ko salon fasaha kamar ƙananan zane-zane . {{R|mirj}} <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 252">&#x3A;&#x200A;252&#x200A;</span></sup>A shekarar 1985, ta fara yin manyan zane-zane da aka yi a kan injunan saka na masana'antu. Waɗannan suna nuna siffofi ko tambari na geometric akai-akai kamar Playboy Bunny ko guduma da sickle, da kuma alamar kasuwanci: ''An yi a Yammacin Jamus'' . {{R|lynne}} A shekarun 1980, ta kuma yi aiki a mujallar ''Eau de Cologne'', wadda ta mayar da hankali kan ayyukan mata masu fasaha. {{R|mirj}} A shekarar 1994, Trockel ya ƙirƙiri abin tunawa na ''Frankfurter Engel'' don birnin [[Frankfurt]] . {{R|kunst}} A cikin littafin Documenta a shekarar 1997, ita da Carsten Höller sun yi aiki tare kan wani shiri a ɗaya daga cikin gine-ginen baje kolin. Tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1990, ta yi aiki sosai da yumbu kuma ta ci gaba da samar da "zane-zanen hannu da na'ura". An kuma nuna wasu daga cikin waɗannan zane-zane a wani bincike ''da aka yi a baya'', wanda aka yi a gidan tarihi na Ludwig da ke Cologne a shekarar 2005. {{R|mirj}} <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 252">&#x3A;&#x200A;252&#x200A;</span></sup> A tsakiyar [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]], Trockel ya yi aiki tare da mai tsara Bottega Veneta Daniel Lee kan kamfen ɗin tallan kamfanin na 2021 == Ganewa == * 2011 – Kyautar Wolf {{R|wolf}} * 2011 – Goslarer Kaiserring <ref name="a816">{{Cite web |title=Rosemarie Trockel |url=https://www.art-in.de/ausstellung.php?id=2438 |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=art-in.de |language=de}}</ref> * 2004 - Kyautar Wolfgang Hahn == Nune - Nune == An haɗa ayyukan Trockel a cikin Babban Tashar Italiya a 2013 kuma ta wakilci Jamus a Venice Biennale a 1999; ta shiga cikin Documenta a 1997 da 2012. Sauran nune-nunen sun haɗa da: * 2005: ''Bayan Haihuwa'', Gidan Tarihi na Ludwig, Cologne {{R|mirj|pm}} * 2009: ''Rebelle: Art & Feminism 1969-2009'', Museum voor Moderne Kunst Arnhem, Arnhem, Holland {{R|mirj}} * 2012–2013: ''Rosemarie Trockel: A Cosmos'' : Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia, [[Madrid]] ; New Museum, [[New York (birni)|New York]] ; Gidan Gallery na Serpentine, London; Kunst-und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Bonn {{R|lynne}} * 2015: ''Märzôschnee ûnd Wiebôrweh sand am Môargô niana më'', Kunsthaus Bregenz, [[Bregenz]], Austria {{R|jorg|kub}} * 2018: ''Daban-daban iri ɗaya'', Moderna Museet, [[Malmö]], Sweden. {{R|matt|mm}} == Gado == Daliban Trockel a Kunstakademie Düsseldorf sun haɗa da Thea Djordjadze, Michail Pirgelis da [[Bettina Pousttchi]] . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] 82bxszrdzx91rht5gtduae0p1v0likj 974820 974819 2026-11-01T15:52:36Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rosemarie Trockel''' (an haife ta a ranar 13 ga Nuwamban shekarar 1952) ƴar ƙasar Jamus ce mai zane-zanen ra'ayi . {{R|grove}} Ta yi zane-zane, zane-zane, sassaka, bidiyo da kuma kayan aiki, kuma ta yi aiki a fannoni daban-daban . {{R|ben}} Daga shekarar 1985, ta yi hotuna ta amfani da injinan saka.{{R|grove}} Ita farfesa ce a Kunstakademie Düsseldorf, a [[Düsseldorf]] a Nordrhein-Westfalen . {{R|wolf}} == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An kuma haifi Trockel a ranar 13 ga Nuwamban shekarar 1952 a Schwerte, a Nordrhein-Westfalen a [[Yammacin Jamus|Jamus ta Yamma]] . Tsakanin 1974 da 1978, ta yi karatun ilmin ɗan adam, lissafi, ilimin zamantakewa da kuma tauhidi yayin da take karatu a [[Kunstgewerbeschule|Werkkunstschule]] na [[Köln|Cologne]], a lokacin da tasirin Joseph Beuys ya yi ƙarfi sosai a can. {{R|grove|ben}} A farkon shekarun 1980, Trockel ya haɗu da membobin ƙungiyar masu fasaha ta Mülheimer Freiheit waɗanda Jiří Georg Dokoupil da Walter Dahn suka kafa, kuma ya baje kolin a gidan adana kayan tarihi na Monika Sprüth da ke Cologne. {{R|grove|lynne}} == Aiki == [[Fayil:Frankfurter_Engel_1,_cropped.jpg|thumb|347x347px| An yi wasan ƙarfe na ''Frankfurter Engel'' a Klaus Mann Platz, [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt am Main]] ; ƙarfen siminti na 1994]] Ayyukan Trockel sau da yawa suna sukar ayyukan wasu masu fasaha, ko salon fasaha kamar ƙananan zane-zane . {{R|mirj}} <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 252">&#x3A;&#x200A;252&#x200A;</span></sup>A shekarar 1985, ta fara yin manyan zane-zane da aka yi a kan injunan saka na masana'antu. Waɗannan suna nuna siffofi ko tambari na geometric akai-akai kamar Playboy Bunny ko guduma da sickle, da kuma alamar kasuwanci: ''An yi a Yammacin Jamus'' . {{R|lynne}} A shekarun 1980, ta kuma yi aiki a mujallar ''Eau de Cologne'', wadda ta mayar da hankali kan ayyukan mata masu fasaha. {{R|mirj}} A shekarar 1994, Trockel ya ƙirƙiri abin tunawa na ''Frankfurter Engel'' don birnin [[Frankfurt]] . {{R|kunst}} A cikin littafin Documenta a shekarar 1997, ita da Carsten Höller sun yi aiki tare kan wani shiri a ɗaya daga cikin gine-ginen baje kolin. Tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1990, ta yi aiki sosai da yumbu kuma ta ci gaba da samar da "zane-zanen hannu da na'ura". An kuma nuna wasu daga cikin waɗannan zane-zane a wani bincike ''da aka yi a baya'', wanda aka yi a gidan tarihi na Ludwig da ke Cologne a shekarar 2005. {{R|mirj}} <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 252">&#x3A;&#x200A;252&#x200A;</span></sup> A tsakiyar [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]], Trockel ya yi aiki tare da mai tsara Bottega Veneta Daniel Lee kan kamfen ɗin tallan kamfanin na 2021 == Ganewa == * 2011 – Kyautar Wolf {{R|wolf}} * 2011 – Goslarer Kaiserring <ref name="a816">{{Cite web |title=Rosemarie Trockel |url=https://www.art-in.de/ausstellung.php?id=2438 |access-date=3 August 2025 |website=art-in.de |language=de}}</ref> * 2004 - Kyautar Wolfgang Hahn == Nune - Nune == An haɗa ayyukan Trockel a cikin Babban Tashar Italiya a 2013 kuma ta wakilci Jamus a Venice Biennale a shekarar 1999; ta shiga cikin Documenta a 1997 da 2012. Sauran nune-nunen sun haɗa da: * 2005: ''Bayan Haihuwa'', Gidan Tarihi na Ludwig, Cologne {{R|mirj|pm}} * 2009: ''Rebelle: Art & Feminism 1969-2009'', Museum voor Moderne Kunst Arnhem, Arnhem, Holland {{R|mirj}} * 2012–2013: ''Rosemarie Trockel: A Cosmos'' : Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia, [[Madrid]] ; New Museum, [[New York (birni)|New York]] ; Gidan Gallery na Serpentine, London; Kunst-und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Bonn {{R|lynne}} * 2015: ''Märzôschnee ûnd Wiebôrweh sand am Môargô niana më'', Kunsthaus Bregenz, [[Bregenz]], Austria {{R|jorg|kub}} * 2018: ''Daban-daban iri ɗaya'', Moderna Museet, [[Malmö]], Sweden. {{R|matt|mm}} == Gado == Daliban Trockel a Kunstakademie Düsseldorf sun haɗa da Thea Djordjadze, Michail Pirgelis da [[Bettina Pousttchi]] . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] 564vkczlhpcuydusoivfe321n87ln11 0 163269 974803 915942 2026-11-01T14:32:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Brigitte Jurack''' (an haife ta [[Düsseldorf|a Düsseldorf]], 1962) ƙwararriyar mai fasaha ce ta zamani da ke zaune a [[Liverpool]], tana aiki galibi a fannin sassaka da zane-zane.<ref>{{Cite web |title=b.jurack@mmu.ac.uk |url=https://sculptors.org.uk/artists/brigitte-jurack |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=sculptors.org.uk |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Fayil:Sculpture_in_Central_Park,_Wallasey.jpg|thumb| Zane a Central Park, Wallasey]] == Rayuwa da aiki == [[Fayil:Sculpture_in_Central_Park,_Wallasey_(2).jpg|thumb| Zane a Central Park, Wallasey]] Brigitte Jurack ya yi karatun tauhidin Furotesta a Jami'o'in Göttingen, Münster da Bonn, da Fine Art a Kunstakademie Düsseldorf a Jamus. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Korean International Ceramic Biennale 2019 |url=http://2019.kicb.co.kr/artist/about?idx=3877 |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=2019.kicb.co.kr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2018 |title=Art in Liverpool Magazine, issue #6, August 2018 |url=https://issuu.com/artinliverpoolmagazine/docs/art_in_liverpool_august |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=Issuu |language=en}}</ref> Jurack ya kammala karatun digiri na biyu a fannin fasahar muhalli a Makarantar Fasaha ta Glasgow a shekarar 1990, wanda tallafin karatu daga Majalisar Burtaniya ya tallafa masa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Story, Manchester Metropolitan University |url=https://www.mmu.ac.uk/artshumanities/news/story/?id=10227 |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=Manchester Metropolitan University |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=another vacant space.: a.v.s. projects Autogestión museumman Foundacio Joan Miro Barcelona |url=http://anothervacantspace.blogspot.com/2017/03/another-vacant-space-projects.html |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=another vacant space.}}</ref> Ta ci gaba da kammala karatun digiri na MA a Kwalejin Fasaha da Zane ta Chelsea, Landan a shekarar 1992. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Korean International Ceramic Biennale 2019 |url=http://2019.kicb.co.kr/artist/about?idx=3877 |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=2019.kicb.co.kr}}</ref> A shekarar 2018 ta kammala digirin digirgir na uku mai taken 'Me yasa ake damuwa? Rashin tabbas, rashin kunya da jarumtaka a cikin wakilcin sassaka na matasa', wanda aka yi a Makarantar Fasaha ta Manchester ( Jami'ar Metropolitan ta Manchester ). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-23 |title=Brigitte Jurack |url=https://diggingtogether.com/artists/brigitte-jurack/ |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=Digging Together |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410112841/https://diggingtogether.com/artists/brigitte-jurack/ |archive-date=2021-04-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A shekarar 1998, Jurack ya kafa ƙungiyar masu zane-zane ta Foreign Investment tare da mai zane Alma Tischlerwood. Ƙungiyar, waɗanda suka yi baje kolin a faɗin duniya, suna neman "ƙirƙirar yanayi inda masu fasaha, masu sauraro da al'ummomin mahalarta za su haɗu don yin tambaya game da ƙimar abubuwa ta hanyoyi marasa tsammani". <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2019 |title=INTERRUPTIONS: Foreign Investment at The Holden Gallery |url=https://www.creativetourist.com/event/interruptions-foreign-investment/ |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=Creative Tourist |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ayyukan da masu zuba jari na ƙasashen waje suka yi sun haɗa da One Square Foot of Sky a Collector Club, Hong Kong (2014) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-01-18 |title=One square foot of Sky by foreign investment「一平方尺的天空」- foreign investment |url=http://www.collectorclub.org/ZH/2014/01/one-square-foot-of-sky/ |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=Collector Club |language=zh-HK}}</ref> da Everything Must Go a Chinese Arts Centre, Manchester (2011). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Everything Must Go |url=https://www.e-flux.com/announcements/35276/everything-must-go/ |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=www.e-flux.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-10 |title=CFCCA Archive 'Everything Must Go' Art Sale – 16 September 2011 |url=https://archive.cfcca.org.uk/index.php/Detail/occurrences/454 |website=Centre for Chinese Contemporary Art}}</ref> Ayyukan baje kolin Jurack tare da Zuba Jari na Ƙasashen Waje sun haɗa da ayyuka da kuma sautuka da yawa. A shekarar 2012, Jurack ya yi wani sabon sassaka na jama'a, wanda majalisar Wirral ta ba da umarnin a yi, don Central Park da ke Wallasey . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Liverpool Art Prize: 2014 shortlist announced {{!}} Art News {{!}} The Skinny |url=https://www.theskinny.co.uk/art/news/liverpool-art-prize-2014-shortlist-announced |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=www.theskinny.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> An tsara sassaken da za a yi amfani da su don tunawa da tsohuwar Makarantar Fasaha ta Wallasey tare da haɗin gwiwar matasa daga makarantu na gida da ƙungiyoyin matasa da kuma tare da tallafi daga Majalisar Fasaha ta Ingila . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sculpture aims to capture 'playful spirit' of former Wirral art college |url=https://www.wirralglobe.co.uk/news/10021726.sculpture-aims-to-capture-playful-spirit-of-former-wirral-art-college/ |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=Wirral Globe |language=en}}</ref> Jurack ya koyar da zane-zane a jami'o'i da dama a Burtaniya, yana rike da mukamai a matsayin babban malami a Jami'ar John Moores da ke Liverpool, Jami'ar Derby, Jami'ar Newcastle kuma a halin yanzu yana Makarantar Fasaha ta Manchester . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Practice-Based-Research |url=http://www.practice-based-research.com/de/ProgramWorkshops.php |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=www.practice-based-research.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=They Eat Culture // We help shape the growth of Lancashire through arts engagement. // Dialogue |url=http://theyeatculture.org/current/talks/ |access-date=2021-04-10 |language=en}}</ref> == Nunin da aka zaɓa == * ''Kasuwancin Birai'', FILET, London, 2018 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zaffarano |first=Francesco |date=2018-10-18 |title=Brigitte Jurack's 'Monkey Business' exhibition opens at FILET |url=https://hackneypost.co.uk/brigitte-jurack-monkey-business-filet-london/ |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=Hackney Post |language=en-GB}}</ref> * ''Parachute mai ruwan hoda,'' Gidan Tarihi na Grundy, Blackpool, 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Brigitte Jurack: Pink Parachute |url=https://www.thegrundy.org/whats-on/single/brigitte-jurack-pink-parachute/ |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=Grundy Art Gallery |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-10 |title=Grundy Art Gallery Business Plan |url=https://democracy.blackpool.gov.uk/Data/Executive%20(I)/20130110/Minutes/$Appendix%20A-Grundy%20Art%20Gallery%20PH3%20Appendix%20A.doc.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410114752/https://democracy.blackpool.gov.uk/Data/Executive%20(I)/20130110/Minutes/$Appendix%20A-Grundy%20Art%20Gallery%20PH3%20Appendix%20A.doc.pdf |archive-date=2021-04-10}}</ref> * ''Zane a bakin Teku'', Aarhus, Denmark, 2015 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-06-17 |title=Sculpture by the Sea Aarhus 2015 exhibits 57 works from artists/groups from 24 different countries. |url=https://www.biennialfoundation.org/2015/06/along-aarhus-scenic-coast-line-sculptures-are-presented-on-the-beach-the-waterfront-and-in-the-forest-the-exhibition-area-is-accessible-at-any-hour-and-free-to-the-public/ |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=Biennial Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> * ''Kawai Jira Ni,'' Central Park, Wallasey, 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sculpture aims to capture 'playful spirit' of former Wirral art college |url=https://www.wirralglobe.co.uk/news/10021726.sculpture-aims-to-capture-playful-spirit-of-former-wirral-art-college/ |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=Wirral Globe |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Just wait for me |url=http://www.bronzefoundry.co.uk/WORKSPAGES/JURACK/JustWaitForMe2.html |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=www.bronzefoundry.co.uk |archive-date=2019-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722094943/http://bronzefoundry.co.uk/WORKSPAGES/JURACK/JustWaitForMe2.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''Die Se (e) (h) kuh'', Kiosk 24, Jamus, 2011 <ref>{{Cite web |last=miracle |title=Die Se(e)(h)kuh |url=https://kiosk24.org/die-seehkuh/ |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=Kiosk24 |language=de-DE}}</ref> * ''Irfaran'', Gidan Tarihi na Duniya, Newcastle, 2008 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Irfaran |url=https://www.globegallery.org/irfaran |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=The Globe Gallery |language=en |archive-date=2021-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224204851/https://www.globegallery.org/irfaran |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''Tafiya ta Moonshine'', Sutton Manor, 2008 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Catherine |date=2008-02-29 |title=Moonshine walk to mark colliery |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/moonshine-walk-to-mark-colliery-3493925 |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=Liverpool Echo |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Moonshine Walk, as part of Foreign Investment (2008) – Brigitte Jurack – Manchester School of Art |url=https://www.art.mmu.ac.uk/profile/bjurack/projectdetails/618 |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=www.art.mmu.ac.uk}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da wuraren zama == * Sanskriti Residency, SansKriti Foundation, Delhi, India, 2018 <ref>{{Cite web |title=International Residency - Past Residents |url=http://www.sanskritifoundation.org/previous-artists.htm |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=www.sanskritifoundation.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cheeseburn, Newcastle upon Tyne (2021) |url=http://www.findglocal.com/GB/Newcastle-upon-Tyne/871114152903286/Cheeseburn |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=www.findglocal.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=IB18: St John's Market: Brigitte Jurack: Scavengers |url=https://www.artinliverpool.com/events/ib18-st-johns-market-brigitte-jurack-scavengers/ |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=Art in Liverpool |language=en-US}}</ref> * An Yi Takarar Kujerar Fasaha ta Liverpool, 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |title=January 2014 – Liverpool Art Prize |url=http://liverpoolartprize.com/?m=201401 |access-date=2021-04-06 |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Liverpool Art Prize 2014 Opens at Metal on 9 May – Liverpool Art Prize |url=http://liverpoolartprize.com/?p=1429 |access-date=2021-04-06 |language=en-GB}}</ref> * Biyan Kuɗin Yarima na Wales, Makarantar Burtaniya a Athens 2010/2011 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Autogestió - another vacant space. |url=https://www.anothervacantspace.com/Autogestio |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=www.anothervacantspace.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-02-26 |title=ART OPENING: FIGURING at Royal British Society of Sculptors Private view: 26th February 2014 |url=https://fadmagazine.com/2014/02/26/art-opening-figuring-at-royal-british-society-of-sculptors-private-view-26th-february-2014/ |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=FAD Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> * IMMA, Dublin – mai zane a gidan zama, 2010 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Brigitte Jurack |url=https://imma.ie/artists/brigitte-jurack/ |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=IMMA |language=en-IE}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Korean International Ceramic Biennale 2019 |url=http://2019.kicb.co.kr/artist/about?idx=3877 |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=2019.kicb.co.kr}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] 541ovsgx5xgz4vkss65rv9dbpepaol3 0 163544 975097 896588 2026-11-02T03:07:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dagmara Kraus''' (an haife ta a ranar 10 ga Maris 1981) mawaki ne kuma mai fassara a Jamus. == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Dagmara Kraus a ranar 10 ga Maris 1981 a Wrocław . <ref name="adk">{{Cite web |title=Dagmara Kraus |url=https://www.adk.de/de/akademie/sektionen/literatur/mitglieder.htm?we_objectID=64887 |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=adk.de |language=de}}</ref> Ta yi karatun adabi da tarihin zane-zane a Leipzig, Berlin da Paris, haka kuma ta yi rubuce-rubuce masu kayatarwa a Cibiyar Adabi ta Jamus da ke Leipzig. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kraus, Dagmara |url=https://poesiefestival.org/de/kuenstlerinnen/kraus-dagmara/ |access-date=2024-07-19 |website=Poesiefestival Berlin |language=de}}</ref> Daga cikin wasu, waƙoƙinta sun bayyana a cikin mujallu na wallafe-wallafe kamar ''Neue Rundschau'', ''Gyara'' da kuma a cikin ''Jahrbuch der Lyrik'' (Book Yearbook). A shekarar 2012, ta buga kundin waƙoƙinta na farko ''mai suna kummerang'' tare da gidan buga littattafai na wallafe-wallafe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dagmara Kraus. liedvoll, deutschyzno. Gedichte |url=https://kookbooks.de/products/dagmara-kraus-liedvoll-deutschyzno-gedichte |access-date=2024-06-04 |website=kookbooks |language=de}}</ref> Joshua Daniel Edwin ne ya fassara tarin zuwa Turancin Amurka wanda aka ba shi kyautar Asusun Fassara na PEN/Heim na 2012 da kuma tallafin ALTA na 2012 don wannan fassarar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Translations « Argos Books |url=https://argosbooks.org/?cat=16 |access-date=2024-07-20 |language=en-US}}</ref> Haka kuma a shekarar 2012, an buga fassarar wakokin Kraus ta Miron Białoszewski a ƙarƙashin taken ''Wir Seesterne'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Julke |first=Ralf |date=2012-04-19 |title=Wir Seesterne: Der Versuch, den polnischen Dichter Miron Bialoszewski endlich mal zu übersetzen · Leipziger Zeitung |url=https://www.l-iz.de/bildung/buecher/2012/04/Wir-Seesterne-Miron-Bialoszewski-41369 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Leipziger Zeitung |language=de}}</ref> Tun daga shekarar 2021, Kraus ya kasance farfesa a fannin rubutu mai zurfi a Jami'ar Hildesheim . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-18 |title=Dagmara Kraus - Literaturinstitut |url=https://www.uni-hildesheim.de/literaturinstitut/dagmara-kraus/ |access-date=2024-06-04 |language=de}}</ref> A shekarar 2022 da 2024, ta kasance cikin alkalan gasar kyautar waƙoƙin Merano . <ref>{{Cite web |title=20. Lyrikpreis Meran - Die Neue Südtiroler Tageszeitung |url=https://www.tageszeitung.it/2022/05/11/20-lyrikpreis-meran/ |access-date=2024-07-19 |website=tageszeitung.it |language=de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lyrikpreis Meran 2024 – Hauptpreis für Tamara Štajner |url=https://www.literaturhaus-wien.at/magazine_article/lyrikpreis-meran-2024-hauptpreis-fuer-tamara-stajner/ |access-date=2024-07-19 |website=Literaturhaus Wien |language=de}}</ref> Kraus memba ne na Cibiyar PEN ta Jamus . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dagmara Kraus |url=https://www.literaturhaus-graz.at/mitwirkende/dagmara-kraus/ |access-date=2024-07-19 |website=Literaturhaus Graz |language=de}}</ref> Tana zaune a [[Strasbourg]], [[Faransa]] . <ref name="adk"/> == Karɓar girmamawa mai mahimmanci == "Tare da serendipitous intrepidness, ta tattara harshe samu, kalmar takarce da kuma sauti rarities. [...] Tare da audacious sauƙi ta daukan Jamusanci zuwa ga iyaka da ta mulkin nahawu da kuma bayan, a cikin wani gina harshen da ba a taba ji a baya. Kowane waka tarin daga Kraus ta bitar Halicci nasa a layi daya Jamusanci, wanda aka halitta a cikin daban-daban dabaru da dabara (Mini. Unerschrockenheit sammelt sie Sprachfundstücke, Worttrödel und Klangraritäten Ma'aikatar Aikin Noma ta yi watsi da aikin Paralleldeutsch, das auf je andere Art entsteht und einer je. anderen poetischen Logik gehorcht.)" - Rudolf Bussmann da Simone Lappert a cikin jawabinsu na yabo ga Dagmara Kraus a Basel International Poetry Festival. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Millionen flüchtige wörter stehen an / der grenze zu diesem gedicht |trans-title=Millions of fleeting words stand at / the border of this poem |url=https://www.lyrikfestival-basel.ch/2018/data/2018/2018_laudatio.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721201254/https://www.lyrikfestival-basel.ch/2018/data/2018/2018_laudatio.pdf |archive-date=2024-07-21 |language=de}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == * Kyautar ci gaba na 2010 don adabi na Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Westfälischen Kulturarbeit (GWK) <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2020 |title=Liedvoll, deutschyzno |url=https://gwk-online.de/neu-dagmara-kraus/ |access-date=13 August 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260813130900/https://gwk-online.de/neu-dagmara-kraus/ |archive-date=13 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * 2011 Scholarship na Majalisar Dattawan Berlin * Kyautar ci gaba ta Karl Sczuka Prize don Ayyukan Fasaha na Rediyo na 2015 ga ''Entstehung dunkel'' tare da Marc Matter <ref>{{Cite web |title=Karl-Sczuka-Preis 2015 |url=https://www.swr.de/swrkultur/hoerspiel/karl-sczuka-preis/uebersicht-karl-sczuka-preis-2015-100.html}}</ref> * Kyautar ci gaba ta 2016 ta Heimrad Bäcker Prize <ref>{{Cite web |title=Förderpreis für Dagmara Kraus |url=https://www.boersenblatt.net/archiv/1398452.html}}</ref> * Kyautar Erlangen ta 2017 don Waƙa a matsayin Fassara saboda waƙoƙinta da aikin fassara <ref>{{Cite web |title=Preisträgerin 2017 – Dagmara Kraus |url=https://uebersetzerwerkstatt-erlangen.de/uebersetzerpreis/preistraegerin-2017-dagmara-kraus/ |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=Erlanger Übersetzerwerkstatt |language=de}}</ref> * Kyautar ci gaba ta 2018 ta Kyautar Adabi ta Kassel <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-11-08 |title=Dagmara Kraus erhält den Förderpreis Komische Literatur 2018 |url=https://brueckner-kuehner.de/dagmara-kraus-erhaelt-den-foerderpreis-komische-literatur-2018/ |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=Stiftung Brückner-Kühner |language=de}}</ref> * Kyautar Waƙoƙin Basel ta 2018 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Basel |first=Internationales Lyrikfestival |title=20. INTERNATIONALES LYRIKFESTIVAL BASEL 25.–28. JANUAR 2024 |url=https://lyrikfestival-basel.ch/lyrikpreis/ |access-date=2024-07-21}}</ref> * 2020 Cena Václava Buriana <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ústav pro českou literaturu AV ČR, v. v. i. {{!}} Česká literární bibliografie - Literární ceny |url=https://ceny.ucl.cas.cz/?c=116 |access-date=2024-07-19 |website=ceny.ucl.cas.cz}}</ref> * Kyautar girmamawa ta 2021 ta Deutsche Schillerstiftung <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dagmara Kraus ausgezeichnet |url=https://www.boersenblatt.net/news/preise-und-auszeichnungen/dagmara-kraus-ausgezeichnet-158917 |access-date=2024-07-19 |website=boersenblatt.net |language=de}}</ref> * Kyautar Waƙoƙin Merano ta 2021 (kyauta 1) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dagmara Kraus ausgezeichnet - Die Neue Südtiroler Tageszeitung |url=https://www.tageszeitung.it/2021/05/17/dagmara-kraus-ausgezeichnet/ |access-date=2024-07-19 |website=tageszeitung.it |language=de}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1981]] 0fqvu6tga41ntrd29xb1dmwqvsrazkv 0 163982 974987 916033 2026-11-01T19:26:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charlotte Klonk''' Masanin tarihin fasaha ne na Jamus . <ref>{{Cite web |last=[[Rosemary Sorensen]] |date=2010-02-22 |title=Picture placement to lure the eye |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/arts/picture-placement-to-lure-the-eye/story-e6frg8n6-1225832725916 |access-date=2011-02-02 |publisher=The Australian}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Klonk ta fi shahara saboda aikinta a kan fasahar shimfidar wuri ta Ingilishi a ƙarshen karni na sha takwas da farkon karni na sha tara, da kuma aikinta a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya, musamman fararen cube. A halin yanzu farfesa ce a tarihin fasaha a Jami'ar Humboldt ta Berlin . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Charlotte Klonk - Institut für Kunst- und Bildgeschichte - HU Berlin |url=http://www.kunstgeschichte.hu-berlin.de/personen/professorinnen/charlotte-klonk/}}</ref> == Rayuwa == Klonk ya yi karatun Tarihin fasaha a Jami'o'in Hamburg da Cambridge . Ta kasance dalibi na Ph.D. a Kwalejin Newnham, Jami'ar Cambridge daga 1989 zuwa 1992. Taken rubutun shine Kimiyya da Ra'ayi na Yanayi: Fasahar Yanayi ta Burtaniya a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18 da farkon ƙarni na 19. " <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome &#124; Yale University Press |url=http://yalepress.yale.edu/book.asp?isbn=9780300069501}}</ref> Daga shekarar 1992 zuwa 1993 ta yi aiki a Gidan Tarihi na van Hedendaagse Kunst a Ghent (Director: Jan Hoet). A shekara ta 1993 ta sami Junior Research Fellowship a Christ Church, Oxford, kuma daga shekarar 1995 zuwa 2005 ta kasance malami a Sashen Tarihin Fasaha a Jami'ar Warwick . Tun daga shekara ta 2006 ta koyar da tarihin fasaha a Jami'ar Humboldt ta Berlin . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Dr. Charlotte Klonk - AcademiaNet |url=http://www.academia-net.org/profil/prof-dr-charlotte-klonk/1204982 |access-date=2026-08-15 |archive-date=2022-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119132126/https://www.academia-net.org/profil/prof-dr-charlotte-klonk/1204982 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kyaututtuka, Kyaututtaka, Kyautattun Kyaututtoka == Daga shekara ta 1986 zuwa 1990 Klonk ya sami tallafin karatu daga Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes kuma daga shekarar 1989 zuwa 1992 ya sami tallafi na digiri na biyu daga Kwalejin Burtaniya, [[Sabis ɗin Musayar Ilimi na Jamus|DAAD]] da Studienstiffung des Deutscher Volkes . A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1998 an zaɓi littafinta Science and the Perception a matsayin Littafin da ke da tasiri ta hanyar American Society of Eighteenth Century Studies . Daga shekarar 2001 zuwa 2002 Charlotte Klonk ta kasance [[Gidauniyar Alexander von Humboldt|Alexander von Humboldt Fellow]] a Cibiyar Max Planck don Tarihin Kimiyya a [[Berlin]] kuma daga shekarar 2005 zuwa 2006 Fellow a cibiyar Nazarin Ci gaba a Berlin. A shekara ta 2009 an zaba ta a matsayin mai halarta a cikin Berlin ProFil-Program don shugabannin jami'a. A cikin shekara ta 2019 ta zama memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Jamus Leopoldina . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Charlotte Klonk |url=https://www.leopoldina.org/mitgliederverzeichnis/mitglieder/member/Member/show/charlotte-klonk/ |access-date=26 May 2021 |publisher=German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] tsihicmez4i73dogwacawdd3vvtaz2o 0 164271 975084 916117 2026-11-02T00:36:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Claudia Hill '''' yar ƙasar Jamus ce mai zane, wacce ke zaune a [[Berlin]] wadda take aiki a fannin yadi . <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2020-03-02 |title=Impulstanz Artist Biography |url=https://www.impulstanz.com/en/archive/artistbios/id1812/ |access-date=2020-12-24 |website=ImPlusTanz |publisher=[[ImPulsTanz Vienna International Dance Festival|Wiener Tanzwochen]] |quote=Claudia Hill is a Berlin-based cross-disciplinary artist}}</ref> Tana bincika jigogi na haɗin kai <ref>{{Cite web |title=Claudia Hill : Social Fabric Earth Return - Les presses du réel (book) |url=https://www.lespressesdureel.com/EN/ouvrage.php?id=9192&menu=4 |access-date=July 22, 2026 |website=Lespressesdureel.com}}</ref> ta hanyar tsare-tsare da siffofi na yadi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=DAMN Magazine |url=https://www.damnmagazine.net/weaving-roots |access-date=July 22, 2026 |website=Damnmagazine.net}}</ref> Ayyukanta <ref name="frieze">{{Cite magazine|url-status=24ff}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bickmann |first=Walter |last2=Kolde |first2=Doris |date=2019-12-16 |title=Eye Sea |url=https://www.tanzforumberlin.de/en/production/eye-sea/ |access-date=2020-12-24 |website=Tanzformum Berlin |publisher=[[Senate of Berlin|Senatsverwaltung für Kultur und Europa, Abteilung Kultur, Referat VD]] |quote=Costume design & Stage: Claudia Hill |archive-date=2021-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112063317/https://www.tanzforumberlin.de/en/production/eye-sea/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date= |title=Breaking the Circle |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2123915/ |access-date=2020-12-24 |website=[[IMDb]] |quote=Claudia Hill: Producer, Costume Designer}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date= |title=Kŏn′voi′ |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt13706778/ |access-date=2021-01-08 |website=[[IMDb]] |quote=Claudia Hill: Director, Producer, Costume Designer}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Key Visual for Tanz im August 2016 |url=http://www.claudiahill.com/costumes/tia16/ |website=Claudiahill.com |quote=}}</ref> <ref name="parisinternationale" /> an gabatar da ita a duniya a wuraren da suka hada da Museum moderner Kunst Stiftung Ludwig Wien mumok, <ref>{{Cite web |last=[[ImPulsTanz Vienna International Dance Festival|Impulstanz]] |date= |title=Unstable Nights |url=https://www.mumok.at/en/events/vladimir-miller-claudia-hill-julian-weber-guests-0 |access-date=2021-01-08 |website= |publisher=[[Mumok]] |quote=fashion and costume designer Claudia Hill, who has worked for [[William Forsythe (choreographer)|William Forsythe]], [[The Wooster Group]] and [[Meg Stuart]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Research Archive 2019 - Vladimir Miller & Claudia Hill & Julian Weber & Roberto Martinez |url=https://www.impulstanz.com/en/research/pid4063/ |access-date=July 22, 2026 |website=Impulstanz.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Shedhalle – Claudia Hill Co-Weaving |url=https://shedhalle.ch/en/3171-2/ |access-date=July 22, 2026 |website=Shedhalle.ch}}</ref>, <ref name="pompidou">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date= |title=Program |url=https://www.centrepompidou.fr/en/program/calendar/event/cEaLeq |access-date=2021-01-10 |website=[[Centre Pompidou]] |publisher= |quote=Sketches/Notebook, 11-14 Dec 2013, Grande Salle}}</ref> Pompidou 1, Paris International, <ref name="parisinternationale">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date= |title=Paris Internationale 2019 |url=https://parisinternationale.com/artfairs/2019?mode=list&type=performance |access-date=2021-01-08 |website= |publisher=Paris Internationale |quote="18 October 2019 16:00, 19 October 2019 16:30, Chakra Sessions Performance, Claudia Hill"}}</ref> Paris Rencontres Internationales, <ref name="lesrencontres">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2018-06-20 |title=Rencontres Internationales Paris/Berlin |url=http://www.art-action.org/site/en/prog/18/berlin/prog_06_20.php |access-date=2021-01-08 |quote=7pm, Claudia Hill, Stephane Leonard: Kon'voi', Vidéo expérimentale, 4k, couleur, 9:23, Allemagne, 2017}}</ref> ZKM Cibiyar Art da Media Karlsruhe, <ref name="frieze" /> BAM Brooklyn Academy of Music, HAU Hebbel am Ufer, <ref name="unack1">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Unacknowledged Loss |url=https://www.hebbel-am-ufer.de/en/programme/pdetail/unacknowledged-loss-1/ |access-date=2021-01-10 |website=[[Hebbel am Ufer|HAU]] |archive-date=2021-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111210919/https://www.hebbel-am-ufer.de/en/programme/pdetail/unacknowledged-loss-1/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="unack2">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Unacknowledged Loss II |url=https://www.hebbel-am-ufer.de/unacknowledged-loss-2/ |access-date=2021-01-10 |website=[[Hebbel am Ufer|HAU]]}}</ref> <ref name="tanzraumberlin">{{Cite magazine|url-status=12–13}}</ref> Broadway gidan wasan kwaikwayo, Cibiyar Smithsonian da kuma wani ɓangare na Galler Weekend Berlin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Discoveries 2021 - Galleries and artists |url=https://www.gallery-weekend-berlin.de/journal/discoveries-2021-galleries-and-artists/ |access-date=July 22, 2026 |website=Gallery-weekend-berlin.de}}</ref> == Bayani da ilimi == An haifi Hill a Jamus kuma ta fito ne daga jerin masu dinki 'yan asalin Czech a gefen mahaifiyarta. A shekarar 1993, ta koma New York don yin karatun rawa ta zamani inda ba da daɗewa ba, ta yi rajista a FIT da Parsons . A lokaci guda, ta fara aiki a matsayin mai tsara kayan ado kuma an shigar da ita cikin United Scenic Artists a shekarar 1997. Ta koma Turai a shekarar 2008 kuma yanzu tana zaune a Berlin, inda ta zama memba mai himma a fagen wasan kwaikwayo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Claudia Hill |url=http://www.xing.it/person/706/claudia_hill |website=[[Xing (cultural organization)|Xing]]}}</ref> <ref name="unack1"/> <ref name="unack2"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Supernova #1 |url=https://www.hebbel-am-ufer.de/en/programme/pdetail/supernova-1-1/ |access-date=2021-01-10 |website=[[Hebbel am Ufer|HAU]] |quote=from 4pm Claudia Hill: Flags from Tomorrow, Claudia Hill: Kŏn'voi' |archive-date=2021-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112013110/https://www.hebbel-am-ufer.de/en/programme/pdetail/supernova-1-1/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Supernova #2 |url=https://www.hebbel-am-ufer.de/en/programme/pdetail/supernova-2-1/ |access-date=2021-01-10 |website=[[Hebbel am Ufer|HAU]] |quote=from 4pm Claudia Hill: Flags from Tomorrow, Claudia Hill: Kŏn'voi' |archive-date=2021-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112074857/https://www.hebbel-am-ufer.de/en/programme/pdetail/supernova-2-1/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Raimunda Build a Flag |url=http://www.kampnagel.de/de/programm/archiv/?rubrik=archiv&detail=3938 |quote=Künstlerin Claudia Hill |access-date=2026-08-17 |archive-date=2021-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516085636/https://www.kampnagel.de/de/programm/archiv/?rubrik=archiv&detail=3938 |url-status=dead }}</ref> a matsayin mai zane da kuma mai tsara dandamali. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pharmacist or Balloonist |url=https://www.hellerau.org/en/event/pharmacist-or-ballonist/ |quote=Costumes: We fit in them |access-date=2026-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260817202917/https://www.hellerau.org/en/event/pharmacist-or-ballonist/ |archive-date=2026-08-17 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ding Dong |url=https://www.gessnerallee.ch/en/event/102/Lucie_Tuma_Ding_Dong |quote=By and with: [...] Claudia Hill [...]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Clearing |url=https://www.tanzforumberlin.de/en/production/the-clearing/ |quote=Costumes: Claudia Hill |access-date=2026-08-17 |archive-date=2026-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260115153947/https://www.tanzforumberlin.de/en/production/the-clearing/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Water Sports |url=https://www.tanzforumberlin.de/en/production/water-sports/ |quote=Costumes: Claudia Hill |access-date=2026-08-17 |archive-date=2026-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260119075947/https://www.tanzforumberlin.de/en/production/water-sports/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Who's afraid of Raimunda |url=http://www.kampnagel.de/de/programm/archiv/?rubrik=archiv&detail=3938 |quote=Künstlerin Claudia Hill |access-date=2026-08-17 |archive-date=2021-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516085636/https://www.kampnagel.de/de/programm/archiv/?rubrik=archiv&detail=3938 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tun daga shekarar 2021, ta ƙirƙiro wani aikin zane <ref>{{Cite web |title=[erp] Claudia Hill: 'Social Fabric Earth Return' &#124; Efremidis &#124; Galleries |url=https://www.frieze.com/event/erp-claudia-hill-social-fabric-earth-return |access-date=July 22, 2026 |website=Frieze.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Exhibitions |url=https://zurichartweekend.com/weekends/2022/june/exhibitions/shedhalle |access-date=July 22, 2026 |website=ZURICH ART WEEKEND}}</ref> wanda ya mayar da hankali kan saka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Social Fabric Earth Return — After 8 Books |url=https://after8books.com/social-fabric-earth-return.html |access-date=July 22, 2026 |website=After8books.com}}</ref> == Fasahar yadi == [[Fayil:Protozone_7_at_Shedhalle_Zurich_by_Claudia_Hill_(exhibition_photo).jpg|thumb| Shedhalle Zurich, hoton baje kolin Carla Schleiffer]] [[Fayil:Social_Fabric_Earth_Return_by_Claudia_Hill_(publication_by_Bom_Dia_Boa_Tarde_Boa_Noite,_2021).jpg|thumb| Dawowar Duniya ta Zamani, hoton bugawa daga Ariko Inaoka]] A shekarar 2011, ta fara aikin littafi na dogon lokaci, Social Fabric Earth Return, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Social Fabric Earth Return |url=https://bomdiabooks.de/product/social-fabric-earth-return/ |access-date=July 22, 2026 |website=Bomdiabooks.de}}</ref> wanda ke magana kan jigogi na haɗin kai <ref>{{Cite web |title=Claudia Hill - Social Fabric Earth Return |url=https://www.printedmatter.org/catalog/61196/ |access-date=July 22, 2026 |website=Printedmatter.org}}</ref> kuma an buga shi a shekarar 2021. An fitar da shi tare da wani baje kolin <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 5, 2021 |title=Berlin – „Social Fabric Earth Return“ – Claudia Hills Poncho-Kunstprojekt in der Efremidis Gallery |url=https://schabel-kultur-blog.de/ausstellung/berlin-social-fabric-earth-return-claudia-hills-poncho-kunstprojekt-in-der-galerie-efremidis/ |access-date=July 22, 2026 |website=Schabel-kultur-blog.de}}</ref> mai suna iri ɗaya a lokacin Gallery Weekend Berlin, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Efremidis - Megan Marrin, Claudia Hill - Discoveries |url=https://www.gallery-weekend-berlin.de/journal/efremidis-megan-marrin-claudia-hill-discoveries/ |access-date=July 22, 2026 |website=Gallery-weekend-berlin.de}}</ref> littafin ya ƙunshi gudummawar CA Conrad, Rirkrit Tiravanija, The Wooster Group, da sauran masu fasaha daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Tun daga lokacin, ta ƙirƙiro kayan sakawa waɗanda wani lokacin suka haɗa da abubuwan da suka shafi fim da wasan kwaikwayo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Weaving Roots |url=https://baerenzwinger.berlin/programm/weaving-roots/ |access-date=July 22, 2026 |website=Barenzwinger.berlin |archive-date=July 21, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260721142935/https://baerenzwinger.berlin/programm/weaving-roots/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gedanken spielen Verstecken |url=https://www.hauskunstmitte.de/new-page-2 |access-date=July 22, 2026 |website=Hauskunstmitte.de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gedanken spielen Verstecken |url=https://www.ephra.org/gedanken-spielen-verstecken |access-date=July 22, 2026 |website=Ephra.org}}</ref> Haka kuma a shekarar 2021 ta fara jerin kayan sakawa tare ta amfani da kayan sakawa na katako na ƙarshen ƙarni na 19. <ref>{{Cite web |title=here we leave solid ground : Kate Werble Gallery |url=https://www.katewerblegallery.com/index.php/past/here-we-leave-solid-ground/ |access-date=July 22, 2026 |website=Katewerblegallery.com}}</ref> Aikinta yana da tasiri ta hanyar musayar ra'ayoyi da al'ummomin saka a cikin Andes kuma yana hulɗa da kayayyaki, marubuta da nau'ikan alaƙa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ITS INTERVAL ISSUE 6 LEGACY |url=https://online.fliphtml5.com/eqpau/ITS-INTERVAL-ISSUE-6-LEGACY/ |access-date=July 22, 2026 |website=Online.fliphtml5.com}}</ref> == Haɗin gwiwa == Aikinta na ƙira da kuma nuna kayan ado ya sanar da ɓangarorin haɗin gwiwa da kuma aiki na aikinta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024 |title=KWG PR : here we leave solid ground... |url=https://www.katewerblegallery.com/files/KWG%20PR_here%20we%20leave%20solid%20ground___%202024.pdf |access-date=July 22, 2026 |website=Katewerblegallery.com |format=PDF}}</ref> Ta ƙirƙiro kayan kwalliya na fim ɗin William Forsythe's Decreation a shekarar 2003 da kuma fim ɗin Hamlet na The Wooster Group a shekarar 2007. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brantley |first=Ben |date=November 1, 2007 |title=Looks it not like the King? Well, More Like Burton |url=http://theater2.nytimes.com/2007/11/01/theater/reviews/01haml.html |pages=E1 and E12 |issn=0362-4331 |quote=costumes by Claudia Hill}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Associated Artists of The Wooster Group |url=http://www.thewoostergroup.org/twg/staff.html |access-date=2009-04-06}}</ref> Daga cikin wasu kuma ta zama mai haɗin gwiwa akai-akai da mai tsara rawa Meg Stuart, tana ƙirƙirar kayan sawa don Sketches/Notebook a 2013, <ref name="frieze"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sketches/Notebook |url=http://www.damagedgoods.be/EN/sketches_notebook |publisher=Damaged Goods}}</ref> Hunter a 2014, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hunter |url=http://www.damagedgoods.be/en/hunter |publisher=Damaged Goods}}</ref> da Glitch Witch a 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Damaged Goods / Meg Stuart |url=https://www.damagedgoods.be/en/glitch-witch |access-date=July 22, 2026 |website=Damagedgoods.be}}</ref> == Salon Zamani (1998–2011) == A shekarar 1998, ta kafa kamfanonin tallan kayan kwalliya guda biyu, wato Claudia Hill da The Number After 10, <ref name="interview">{{Cite web |last=Pfeiffer |first=Alice |date=2010-12-28 |title=Breaking the Cycle: Claudia Hill |url=https://www.interviewmagazine.com/fashion/claudia-hill-fashion-tour |access-date=2021-01-10 |website=[[Interview (magazine)|Interview]] |issn=0149-8932 |quote=Ms. Hill cruises from city to city and organizes fashion happenings— an apartment affair this winter in Paris, followed by a stop in a boutique in Tel Aviv.}}</ref> dukkansu an gabatar da su kuma an sayar da su a Japan, Amurka da Turai, a shagonta, da kuma manyan shaguna, kamar Barneys New York da Fred Segal da kuma shaguna masu zaman kansu a cikin ƙananan bugu. <ref name="interview" /> Makon Kayan Zamanta na New York . An ɗauki nunin a matsayin wanda ba a saba gani ba kuma ya ɗauki siffar wasan kwaikwayo ko shigarwa, sau da yawa tare da haɗin gwiwar wasu masu fasaha, kamar Asymptote Architecture <ref name="flux" /> ko Skúli Sverrisson . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] en6vibg983wutg3i95zll431juy2wod 0 166273 975133 965746 2026-11-02T07:35:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975133 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dina Emundts''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1972) ƙwararriyar [[Falsafa|masaniyar falsafa ce]] ta Jamus kuma malamar jami'a a Cibiyar Falsafa a Jami'ar Free ta Berlin . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=October 4, 2016 |title=Emundts, Dina, Prof. Dr. |url=https://www.geisteswissenschaften.fu-berlin.de/we01/institut/mitarbeiter/professuren/emundts/index.html |access-date=January 15, 2025 |website=Freie Universität Berlin |language=de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=deutschlandfunk.de |date=December 23, 2017 |title=Reihe: Fragen nach Identität - Steckt Deutschland im Identitätskonflikt? |url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/reihe-fragen-nach-identitaet-steckt-deutschland-im-100.html |access-date=January 15, 2025 |website=Deutschlandfunk |language=de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hegel im Fokus Ausgabe 6 "Erfahren und Erkennen" |url=https://www.stadtpalais-stuttgart.de/mediathek/hegel-im-fokus-ausgabe-6-erfahren-und-erkennen |access-date=January 15, 2025 |website=StadtPalais – Museum für Stuttgart |language=de}}</ref> Tun daga shekarar 2017, ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar Hegel ta duniya bayan ta gaji Axel Honneth . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=September 11, 2020 |title=War Hegel ein Rassist? Philosophen streiten bei Festakt |url=https://www.diepresse.com/5865702/war-hegel-ein-rassist-philosophen-streiten-bei-festakt |access-date=January 15, 2025 |website=Die Presse |language=de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Internationale Hegelvereinigung e.V. |url=https://hegelvereinigung.org/ |access-date=January 15, 2025 |website=Internationale Hegelvereinigung e.V. |language=de-DE}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=News: New Vorstand of the Internationale Hegel-Vereinigung/ Neuer Vorstand der Internationalen Hegel-Vereinigung/ Nouveau Vorstand de l’Internationale Hegel-Vereinigung {{!}} hegelpd |url=https://www.hegelpd.it/hegel/news-new-vorstand-of-the-internationale-hegel-vereinigung-neuer-vorstand-der-internationalen-hegel-vereinigung-nouveau-vorstand-de-linternationale-hegel-vereinigung/ |access-date=2025-01-16 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250116093108/https://www.hegelpd.it/hegel/news-new-vorstand-of-the-internationale-hegel-vereinigung-neuer-vorstand-der-internationalen-hegel-vereinigung-nouveau-vorstand-de-linternationale-hegel-vereinigung/ |archive-date=2025-01-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ilimi == Daga shekarar 1991 zuwa 1998, ta yi karatun falsafa da nazarin Jamusanci a Jami'ar Free Berlin da Jami'ar Humboldt ta Berlin . Bayan kammala karatun digiri na biyu (MA) a shekarar 1998, tare da digiri na farko (thesis) ''Kants Geschichts Philosophie'' (falsafar tarihi ta [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]] ). A cikin 1998 ta sami tallafin karatu daga Istituto Italiano per gli studii filosofici. Daga 1998 zuwa 2010, ta kasance mataimakiyar bincike a Cibiyar Falsafa a Jami'ar Humboldt ta [[Berlin]] a sashen Rolf-Peter Horstmann . Ta kammala karatun digirin digirgir a watan Yulin 2003 a Jami'ar Humboldt tare da takardar digirin digirgir kan falsafar yanayi ta Kant ( ''Kants Übergangskonzeption im Opus postumum'' ). == Sana'a == Ta yi wani taron karawa juna sani na DFG daga 2007 zuwa 2010 tare da aikin Resistance a Hegel da Peirce . A shekarar 2007 ta kasance Malamar Ziyara a Sashen Falsafa a Jami'ar New York . A shekarar 2008 ta kasance malamar ziyara a Sashen Falsafa a UC Berkeley . A zangon karatu na bazara na 2009, ta maye gurbin Ludwig Siep a Cibiyar Falsafa a Jami'ar Münster . A zangon karatu na hunturu na 2009/2010, ta riƙe shugabancin Birgit Sandkaulen a Cibiyar Falsafa a Jami'ar Jena . Bayan kammala karatun ta a Jami'ar Humboldt a 2010 tare da littafin ''Erfahren und Erkennen.'' ''Ta hanyar ka'idar Hegels ta Wirklichkeit'', ta koyar daga 2010 zuwa 2016 a matsayin farfesa a fannin falsafa da falsafar kimiyya tare da mai da hankali na musamman kan falsafar harshe, falsafar tunani da falsafar kimiyyar fahimtar kimiyya (Wissenschaftstheorie der verstehenden Wissenschaften) a Sashen Falsafa a Jami'ar Konstanz . <ref name=":0" /> Tun daga shekarar 2016, ta kasance Farfesa a fannin tarihin falsafa a Jami'ar Free University of Berlin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hegel-Preis der Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart 2021 an Professorin Béatrice Longuenesse verliehen – Metropoljournal.com |url=https://www.metropoljournal.com/lokales/baden-wuerttemberg2/25331-hegel%E2%80%90preis-der-landeshauptstadt-stuttgart-2021-an-professorin-b%C3%A9atrice-longuenesse-verliehen |access-date=January 15, 2025 |website=www.metropoljournal.com}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Emundts 2012 Littafin ''Erfahren und Erkennen: Hegels Theorie der Wirklichkeit'' shine fassarar ''Habilitationsschrift'' dinta daga 2009, inda ta gabatar da fassarar falsafar falsafar Hegel. Littafin ya fi mayar da hankali ne kan littafin Hegel ''[['Yanci na sanin kai|mai suna Phenomenology of Spirit]]'' . A cewar Emundt: "Ga Hegel, gaskiya ba za ta iya zama cikakkiyar fahimta ba", amma abin da ba na ra'ayi ba ne wanda ke cikin gogewa, ya zama dole, tunda ƙa'idodin ra'ayi za a iya haɓaka su ne kawai, idan akwai wani abu a waje da su, wanda za a iya cimmawa bisa ga waɗannan ƙa'idodi. A cikin gyaran abin da aka faɗa game da babi na farko na ''Phenomenology'', Emundt ya yi jayayya cewa matsayin "Sanarwa Mai Kyau" ya gaza, ba wai saboda ya kuduri aniyar yin nuni ga abubuwan da ba na ra'ayi ba, ga abubuwa na musamman na ƙwarewar ji ba, amma saboda ba zai iya tabbatar da cewa abu yana wanzu ba, ba tare da ambaton sa a cikin dogon lokaci ba, ta haka ne ya sanya shi ya zama na duniya baki ɗaya. A yanayin babin "Fahimta", matsayin ya gaza haka nan, ba saboda sabani tsakanin abu da halayensa ba, amma "wani abu na duniya wanda ya dage duk da bambancin muƙamin". A cikin littafin Emundts ya kuma soki falsafar [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]], wanda a bisa ga haka iliminmu game da abubuwa ya zama marar kuskure. Angelica Nuzzo, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nuzzo |first=Angelica |last2=Emundts |first2=Dina |date=2015 |title=Review of Erfahren und Erkennen. Hegels Theorie der Wirklichkeit, EmundtsDina |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26595917 |journal=Hegel-Studien |volume=49 |pages=212–214 |issn=0073-1587}}</ref> Brady Bowman, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bowman |first=Brady |author-link=Brady Bowman |title=Erfahren und Erkennen: Hegels Theorie der Wirklichkeit |url=https://ndpr.nd.edu/reviews/erfahren-und-erkennen-hegels-theorie-der-wirklichkeit/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240729141805/https://ndpr.nd.edu/reviews/erfahren-und-erkennen-hegels-theorie-der-wirklichkeit/ |archive-date=2024-07-29 |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews |language=en-US}}</ref> Holger Glinka <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Glinka |first=Holger |date=2013 |title=Bulletin de littérature hégélienne XXIII (2013) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43038960 |journal=Archives de Philosophie |volume=76 |issue=4 |pages=691–724 |issn=0003-9632}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |date=2013-11-12 |title=Bulletin de littérature hégélienne XXIII (2013) |url=https://shs.cairn.info/revue-archives-de-philosophie-2013-4-page-691 |journal=Archives de philosophie |language=fr |volume=76 |issue=4 |pages=691–724 |doi=10.3917/aphi.764.0691 |issn=0003-9632 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> da Eva Deitert sun yi bitar littafin. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Deitert |first=Eva |date=2014-01-23 |title=Dina Emundts: Erfahren und Erkennen. Hegels Theorie der Wirklichkeit |url=https://zfphl.org/article/view/35322 |journal=Zeitschrift für philosophische Literatur |language=de |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=75–81 |doi=10.21827/zfphl.2.1.35322 |issn=2198-0209 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] 3h92hl1ii1furgk6r9kegy6zvcv9r90 0 168496 975141 967376 2026-11-02T09:27:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975141 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Australian rules football ko Aussie rules, <ref>{{Cite web |title=About the AFL: Australian Football (Official title of the code) |url=http://www.afl.com.au/afl-hq/the-afl-explained/about-the-afl |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203063621/http://www.afl.com.au/afl-hq/the-afl-explained/about-the-afl |archive-date=3 December 2013 |access-date=20 June 2017 |publisher=Australian Football League}}</ref> kuma an san shi kawai da Australian football, '''kwallon kafa''' ko footy a Australia, wasa ne na tuntuɓar da aka buga tsakanin ƙungiyoyi biyu na 'yan wasa 18 a filin oval, sau da yawa filin wasan cricket mai canzawa. Ana samun maki ta hanyar kifar da Kwallon oval tsakanin tsakiya na tsakiya (wanda ya cancanci maki shida), ko kuma tsakanin tsakiya da waje (wanda ya dace da maki ɗaya, in ba haka ba an san shi da "baya"). A lokacin wasa na gaba ɗaya, 'yan wasa na iya sanya kansu a ko'ina a filin wasa kuma su yi amfani da kowane ɓangare na jikinsu don motsa kwallon. Hanyoyin farko sune kiɗa, handballing, da gudu tare da kwallon. Akwai dokoki game da yadda za'a iya sarrafa kwallon; alal misali, 'yan wasan da ke gudana tare da kwallon dole ne su yi tsalle-tsalle ko su taɓa shi a ƙasa. Ba a yarda da jefa kwallon ba, kuma dole ne 'yan wasa ba su kama su rike kwallon ba. Wani fasalin wasan shine alama, inda 'yan wasa a ko'ina a filin da suka kama kwallon daga tsalle (tare da takamaiman yanayi) ana ba su kyauta ba tare da cikas ba.[1] Samun kwallon yana cikin jayayya a kowane lokaci sai dai idan aka biya kyauta ko alama. 'Yan wasan na iya magance ta amfani da hannayensu ko amfani da dukkan jikinsu don hana abokan adawar. Haɗarin haɗari na jiki (kamar tura abokin hamayyar a baya), tsoma baki yayin yin alama, da kuma jinkirta wasan da gangan ana hana su tare da kicks kyauta, azabtarwa ta nesa, ko dakatar da wasu wasannin dangane da tsananin keta doka. Wasan yana nuna gasa ta jiki akai-akai, alama mai ban sha'awa, saurin motsi na 'yan wasa da kwallon, da kuma babban ci. Asalin wasanni za a iya gano shi ne wasannin kwallon kafa da aka buga a [[Melbourne]], Victoria, a cikin shekarun 1858, wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta wasannin kwallon kwando na makarantar jama'a ta Ingila. Neman bunkasa wasan da ya fi dacewa da manya da yanayin Australiya, Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Melbourne ta buga dokokin farko na dokokin kwallon kafa na Australiya a watan Mayu na shekara ta 1859. Ƙwallon ƙafa na Australiya yana da mafi yawan masu kallo a duk wasanni a Ostiraliya yayin da Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Australiya (AFL), wasan kawai cikakkiyar gasa ta ƙwararru, ita ce ƙungiyar wasanni mafi arziki a ƙasar. AFL Grand Final, wanda aka gudanar a kowace shekara a filin wasan Cricket na Melbourne mai karfin 100,000, shine mafi girman taron zakarun kulob din na kowane lambar kwallon kafa. Ana kuma buga wasan a Matsayin mai son a kasashe da yawa kuma a cikin bambance-bambance da yawa. Hukumar AFL ce ke jagorantar dokokinta tare da shawarar Dokokin Kwamitin Wasanni na AFL. == Suna == Ana kiran kwallon kafa na dokokin Australiya da sunaye da yawa, gami da dokokin Aussie da footy . <ref>{{Cite web |title=History website |url=http://www.footy.com.au/dags/FAQ1v1-5.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100219162755/http://www.footy.com.au/dags/FAQ1v1-5.html |archive-date=19 February 2010 |access-date=19 February 2010 |publisher=Footy.com.au}}</ref> A wasu yankuna, inda wasu [[Ƙwallo|lambobin kwallon kafa]] suka fi shahara, ana kiran wasan "AFL", bayan Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Australiya, yayin da ƙungiyar kanta ke amfani da wannan sunan don gasa ta gida a wasu yankuna. == Tarihi == [[File:Tom_wills_statue.jpg|thumb|Siffar da ke kusa da filin wasan Cricket na Melbourne a kusa da shafin wasan kwallon kafa na 1858 tsakanin Melbourne Grammar da [[Kwalejin Scotch, Melbourne|Kwalejin Scotch]]. An nuna Tom Wills yana yanke hukunci a bayan matasa 'yan wasa biyu da ke fafatawa da kwallon. Alamar ta karanta cewa Wills "ya yi fiye da kowane mutum - a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa da umpire, marubucin dokoki da mai gabatar da wasan - don haɓaka Dokokin Ƙwallon ƙafa na Australiya a cikin shekaru goma na farko".]] An buga nau'ikan kwallon kafa na farko a cikin yankunan Australiya a farkon rabin karni na 19. Idan aka kwatanta da [[Kurket|wasan kurket]] da tseren doki, masu mulkin mallaka a lokacin sun dauki kwallon kafa a matsayin " nishaɗi" kawai, kuma yayin da ba a san komai game da waɗannan wasannin farko ba, shaidar ba ta goyi bayan alaƙa da ƙwallon ƙafa na Australiya.{{Sfn|Hess|2008}}A Melbourne, a cikin shekara ta 1858, a cikin wani yunkuri wanda zai taimaka wajen tsara dokokin kwallon kafa na Australiya a cikin shekarun da suka fara, makarantun masu zaman kansu (wanda ake kira "makarantu na jama'a" daidai da nomenclature a Ingila) sun fara shirya wasannin kwallon kafa da aka yi wahayi zuwa gare su ta hanyar abubuwan da suka gabata a makarantun jama'a na Ingila.{{Sfn|Pennings|2012}}Wasan farko, wanda aka gudanar a ranar 15 ga Yuni, ya kasance tsakanin Melbourne Grammar da St Kilda Grammar.{{Sfn|Pennings|2012}} A ranar 10 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1858, littafin Bell's Life in Victoria da Sporting Chronicle na Melbourne sun buga wata wasika daga Tom Wills, kyaftin din Kungiyar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Victoria, yana kira ga kafa "kungiyar ƙwallon ƙwallon kafa" tare da "dokar dokoki" don kiyaye 'yan wasan ƙwallaye a lokacin hunturu.{{Sfn|de Moore|2011}}An haife shi a Ostiraliya, Wills ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na rugby yayin da yake dalibi a Rugby School a Ingila, kuma ya koma ƙasarsa a matsayin tauraron dan wasa da kuma ɗan wasan crick. Makonni biyu bayan haka, abokiyar Wills, mai wasan crick Jerry Bryant, ya sanya talla don wasan karkace a Richmond Paddock kusa da Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG). {{Sfn|Pennings|2012}}Wannan shi ne na farko na "kickabouts" da yawa da aka gudanar a wannan shekarar da suka hada da membobin Melbourne Cricket Club, gami da Wills, Bryant, W. J. Hammersley da J. B. Thompson. An yi amfani da itatuwa a matsayin masu jefa kwallo kuma wasan yawanci ya dauki dukan rana. Ba tare da yarjejeniyar dokokin ba, wasu 'yan wasan suna jagorantar dokoki da suka koya a tsibirin Burtaniya, "wasu ba tare da dokoki ba".{{Sfn|Blainey|2010}}Wani muhimmin abu a shekara ta 1858 shi ne wasan 40-a-gefe da aka buga a karkashin ka'idojin gwaji tsakanin Melbourne Grammar da [[Kwalejin Scotch, Melbourne|Kwalejin Scotch]], wanda aka gudanar a Richmond Paddock . Wills da malamin John Macadam ne suka yanke hukunci, ya fara ne a ranar 7 ga watan Agusta kuma ya ci gaba a ranakun Asabar biyu da suka biyo baya, ya ƙare a zane tare da kowane bangare yana raga daya. Ana tunawa da shi tare da mutum-mutumi a waje da MCG, kuma makarantun biyu tun daga lokacin sun yi gasa a kowace shekara a gasar cin Kofin Cordner-Eggleston, gasar kwallon kafa mafi tsufa a duniya. Tun daga shekarun 1920, an ba da shawarar cewa dokokin kwallon kafa na Australiya na iya samo asali ne daga wasan Irish na Gaelic. Koyaya, babu wata hujja ta tarihi da ke nuna goyon baya ga tasirin Gaelic, kuma salon wasan da aka raba tsakanin lambobin zamani guda biyu ya bayyana a Ostiraliya tun kafin wasan Irish ya samo asali a cikin irin wannan hanya.{{Sfn|Blainey|2010}}{{Sfn|Hibbins|Ruddell|2009}}Wata ka'ida, da aka fara gabatar da ita a 1983, ta nuna cewa Wills, bayan ya girma tsakanin Aboriginals a Victoria, na iya ganin ko ya buga wasan kwallon Aboriginal na Marn Grook, kuma ya haɗa wasu fasalulluka a cikin farkon dokokin kwallon kafa na Australiya. Akwai kawai shaidar da ta dace cewa ya san game da wasan, kuma bisa ga binciken mai ba da labari Greg de Moore, Wills "kusan kawai ya rinjayi kwarewarsa a Rugby School".{{Sfn|de Moore|2011}} === Dokoki na farko === Kungiyar Melbourne da ba ta da tsari, wacce Wills ya jagoranci, ta buga wasa da sauran masu sha'awar kwallon kafa a cikin hunturu da bazara na shekara ta 1858.{{Sfn|Pennings|2012}}A shekara mai zuwa, a ranar 14 ga Mayu, an kafa Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Melbourne a hukumance, ta sanya ta daya daga cikin tsofaffin kungiyoyin kwallon kafa a duniya. Kwanaki uku bayan haka, Wills, Hammersley, Thompson da malamin Thomas H. Smith sun hadu a kusa da MCG a Otal din Parade, mallakar Bryant, kuma sun tsara dokoki goma: "Dokokin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Melbourne". Waɗannan su ne dokokin da dokokin Australiya suka samo asali daga ƙwallon ƙafa.{{Sfn|Pennings|2012}}Kungiyar ta yi niyyar ƙirƙirar lambar mai sauƙi da ta dace da wuraren wasa masu wuya a kusa da Melbourne, da kuma kawar da bangarorin da suka fi tsanani na wasannin makarantar Ingila - kamar "hacking" (shin-kicking) a cikin kwallon kafa na Rugby School - don rage haɗarin raunin ga maza masu aiki.{{Sfn|Hibbins|Ruddell|2009}}A wani muhimmin tashi daga kwallon kafa na makarantar jama'a ta Ingila, dokokin Melbourne sun watsar da duk wata doka ta waje.{{Sfn|Coventry|2015}}"Sabon lambar ta kasance martani ne game da wasannin makaranta kamar yadda suka rinjayi su", in ji Mark Pennings.{{Sfn|Pennings|2012}}An rarraba dokoki a ko'ina cikin mulkin mallaka; Thompson musamman ya yi yawa don inganta sabon lambar a matsayinsa na ɗan jarida.{{Sfn|Hibbins|Ruddell|2009}} === Gasar farko a Victoria === [[File:Australianfootball1866.jpg|thumb|Hoton wasan kwallon kafa a Richmond Paddock, 1866. MCG da ɗakinsa na farko suna bayyane a bango, kamar yadda yake da sakonni na farawa, wanda ya fara da sakonni a baya na yau.{{Sfn|Hibbins|Ruddell|2009}}]] Bayan jagorancin Melbourne, Geelong da Jami'ar Melbourne sun kafa kungiyoyin kwallon kafa a 1859.{{Sfn|Hibbins|Ruddell|2009}}Duk da yake yawancin kungiyoyin Victorian na farko sun shiga cikin wasanni guda ɗaya, yawancin ba su riga sun kafa kungiyoyi don gasa ta yau da kullun ba. Kungiyar Kudancin Yarra ta kirkiro dokokinta.{{Sfn|Hibbins|Ruddell|2009}}Don tabbatar da mafi girman dokokin Melbourne, gasar farko ta kulob din a Ostiraliya, Kofin Gwagwarmayar Caledonian Society (1861-64), ya tsara cewa za a yi amfani da dokokin Melbourne kawai.{{Sfn|Pennings|2012}}Kwamitin Wasannin Wasanni (ASC) ya karfafa wannan dokar, wanda ya gudanar da bambancin Kofin Gwagwarmaya a 1865-66.{{Sfn|Hibbins|Ruddell|2009}}Tare da shigarwa daga wasu kungiyoyi, dokoki sun sami ƙananan gyare-gyare da yawa, suna kafa lambar uniform da aka sani da "dokokin Victoria".{{Sfn|Hibbins|Ruddell|2009}}A shekara ta 1866, an tsara "mulkin Victorian na farko", tsalle-tsalle, a taron wakilan kulob din da H. C. A. Harrison ya jagoranci, wani majagaba mai tasiri wanda ya fara kwallon kafa a shekara ta 1859 a gayyatar Wills, dan uwansa. {{Sfn|Hibbins|Ruddell|2009}}{{Sfn|Coventry|2015}} Wasan a wannan lokacin ya kasance mai karewa da ƙarancin ƙwallon ƙafa, an buga shi ƙasa a cikin rikice-rikice na rugby. Wasan da aka saba yi shi ne al'amarin 20-da-gefe, wanda aka buga tare da kwallon da ke da kusan siffar, kuma ya kasance har sai wata kungiya ta zira kwallaye biyu.{{Sfn|Coventry|2015}}Ba a daidaita siffar filin wasa ba; wasannin sau da yawa suna faruwa a wuraren shakatawa na jama'a, mafi mahimmanci Richmond Paddock (Yarra Park), wanda aka sani da filin kwallon kafa na Melbourne.{{Sfn|Hibbins|Ruddell|2009}}Wills ya yi jayayya cewa filin wasan cricket zai amfana daga 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a cikin hunturu, kuma, tun daga farkon 1859, an ba da izinin ƙwallon ƙwallon a kan MCG.{{Sfn|de Moore|2011}}{{Sfn|Hess|2008}}Koyaya, hukumomin wasan kurket akai-akai sun haramta kwallon kafa a filin su har zuwa shekarun 1870, lokacin da suka ga damar samun riba a kan karuwar shahararren wasan. Kwallon ƙafa a hankali ya saba da filin da ke da siffar oval, kuma yawancin filayen a Victoria sun fadada don karɓar manufa biyu - halin da ake ciki wanda ke ci gaba har zuwa yau.{{Sfn|Hess|2008}} === Yaduwa zuwa wasu yankuna === [[File:Intercolonial_Football_Match_1879.jpg|left|thumb|Hoton wasan kwallon kafa na farko tsakanin Victoria da Kudancin Australia, Gabashin Melbourne Cricket Ground, 1879]] An shirya kwallon kafa a Kudancin Australia a 1860 tare da kafa Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Adelaide, kungiyar kwallon kafa mafi tsufa a Australia a wajen Victoria. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Pill |first=Shane |last2=Frost |first2=Lionel |date=17 January 2016 |title=R.E.N. Twopeny and the Establishment of Australian Football in Adelaide |journal=The International Journal of the History of Sport |volume=33 |issue=8 |pages=797–812 |doi=10.1080/09523367.2016.1173033 |s2cid=147807924}}</ref> Ya kirkiro nasa dokoki, kuma, tare da sauran kungiyoyin da ke [[Adelaide]], sun buga lambobin da yawa har zuwa 1876, lokacin da suka karɓi mafi yawan dokokin Victoria, tare da majagaba na kwallon kafa na Kudancin Australia Charles Kingston yana lura da kamanceceniyarsu da "tsoffin dokokin Adelaide".{{Sfn|Hibbins|Ruddell|2010}}Hakazalika, kungiyoyin Tasmanian sun yi jayayya game da dokoki daban-daban har sai sun karɓi ɗan gyare-gyare na wasan Victorian a shekara ta 1879.{{Sfn|Hibbins|Ruddell|2010}}Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Kudancin Australia (SAFA), hukumar farko ta wasanni, an kafa ta ne a ranar 30 ga Afrilu 1877, tare da kafa dokoki na Victorian a matsayin lambar da aka fi so a wannan mulkin mallaka.{{Sfn|Hibbins|Ruddell|2010}}Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Victoria (VFA) ta kafa a watan da ya biyo baya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=School of Historical Studies |first=Department of History |title=Victorian Football Association - Entry - eMelbourne - The Encyclopedia of Melbourne Online |url=https://www.emelbourne.net.au/biogs/EM01557b.htm |access-date=2026-05-31 |website=www.emelbourne.net.au |language=en-gb}}</ref> [[File:Carlton_Footballer_George_Coulthard.jpg|thumb|George Coulthard, daya daga cikin 'yan wasa na farko da suka sami shahararren Australiya]] Kungiyoyi sun fara yawon shakatawa a cikin yankuna a ƙarshen shekarun 1870, kuma a cikin 1879 wasan farko na mulkin mallaka ya faru a Melbourne tsakanin Victoria da Kudancin Australia.{{Sfn|Blainey|2010}}A shekara ta 1883, wakilai da ke wakiltar kungiyoyin kwallon kafa na Kudancin Australia, Tasmania, Victoria da Queensland sun hadu don daidaita lambar a duk faɗin Australia.{{Sfn|Hibbins|Ruddell|2010}}Sabbin dokoki kamar rike kwallon sun haifar da "zamanin zinariya" na kwallon kafa mai sauri, mai tsawo da kuma alamar alama a cikin shekarun 1880, lokacin da ya ga 'yan wasa kamar George Coulthard sun sami matsayi, da kuma hauhawar ƙwarewa, musamman a Victoria da Yammacin Ostiraliya, inda lambar ta kama a lokacin jerin zinariya.{{Sfn|Pennings|2013}}Hakazalika, lokacin da New Zealand ta fuskanci tseren zinariya, wasan ya zo tare da saurin kwararar ma'aikatan hakar ma'adinai na Australiya. Yanzu an san shi da dokokin Australiya ko dokokin Australasian, wasan ya zama lambar kwallon kafa ta farko don bunkasa roko na masu kallo, yana jan hankalin masu halartar rikodin duniya don kallon wasanni da samun suna a matsayin "wasan mutane".{{Sfn|Blainey|2010}}{{Sfn|Pennings|2013}} Dokokin kwallon kafa na Australiya sun kai Queensland da New South Wales tun farkon 1866; wasan ya sami rinjaye a cikin tsohon, [1] kuma a cikin ƙarshen, yankuna da yawa sun kasance sansanonin dokokin Australiya, kamar Riverina.{{Sfn|de Moore|Hess|Nicholson|Stewart|2021}} Koyaya, a ƙarshen shekarun 1880, Kwallon ƙafa na rugby ya zama babban lambar a cikin yankuna biyu, da kuma New Zealand. Wannan canjin ya kasance ne saboda yaduwar rugby tare da ƙaura na Burtaniya, gasa ta yanki da rashin manyan hukumomin kula da gida. A game da [[Sydney]], ƙin samun damar shiga filin, tasirin shugabannin jami'o'i daga Burtaniya waɗanda suka fi son rugby, da kuma asarar 'yan wasa zuwa wasu lambobin sun hana ci gaban wasan. === Fitowar VFL === A shekara ta 1896, wakilai daga kungiyoyi shida na VFA masu arziki - Carlton, Essendon, Fitzroy, Geelong, Melbourne da Kudancin Melbourne - sun hadu don tattauna yadda aka kafa gasar ƙwararru.{{Sfn|Nauright|Parrish|2012}}Daga baya Collingwood da St Kilda suka shiga, kungiyoyin sun kafa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Victoria (VFL), wacce ta gudanar da kakar wasa ta farko a shekara ta 1897. Shahararren VFL ya karu da sauri yayin da ya yi sababbin abubuwa da yawa, kamar kafa tsarin karshe, rage ƙungiyoyi daga 'yan wasa 20 zuwa 18, da kuma gabatar da baya a matsayin ci.{{Sfn|Nauright|Parrish|2012}}Richmond da Jami'ar sun shiga VFL a cikin 1908, kuma a shekara ta 1925, tare da kara Hawthorn, Footscray da Arewacin Melbourne, ya zama babbar ƙungiyar a cikin ƙasar kuma zai ɗauki matsayi na farko a fannoni da yawa na wasanni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.aflinternational.com/australian-football/history/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260531201603/https://www.aflinternational.com/australian-football/history/ |archive-date=31 May 2026 |access-date=2026-05-31 |website=AFL International |language=en-AU}}</ref> === Kwallon ƙafa na Interstate da Yaƙe-yaƙe na Duniya === [[File:Australasian_Football_Jubilee_Carnival_(1858-1908)-Official_Programme.jpeg|thumb|An gudanar da gasar farko ta kasa a cikin 1908 kuma ta haɗa da New Zealand .]] Lokacin da ke kusa da Tarayyar mulkin mallaka na Australiya a cikin 1901 ya ga dokokin Australiya sun sami farfadowa a New South Wales, New Zealand da Queensland. A cikin 1903, an kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Australiya ta Queensland da Kungiyar Kwando ta Australiya, kuma a New Zealand, yayin da yake motsawa zuwa zama mulkin mallaka, an kuma kafa wasannin a cikin manyan biranen. Wannan sabuntawa ya taimaka wajen karfafa kafa Majalisar kwallon kafa ta Australasia, wanda a cikin 1908 a Melbourne ya shirya gasar farko ta kasa, Jubilee Australasian Football Carnival, tare da kungiyoyin da ke wakiltar kowace jiha da New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 1908 |title=A False Dawn |url=http://www.australianfootball.com/articles/view/A%2Bfalse%2Bdawn%2B-%2B1908%2BMelbourne%2BCarnival%253A%2BNew%2BZealand%2Bv%2BNew%2BSouth%2BWales/57 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714133922/http://australianfootball.com/articles/view/A+false+dawn+-+1908+Melbourne+Carnival%253A+New+Zealand+v+New+South+Wales/57 |archive-date=14 July 2015 |access-date=19 February 2010 |publisher=AustralianFootball.com}}</ref> An kuma kafa wasan da wuri a cikin sabbin yankuna. A cikin sabon babban birnin kasar [[Kanberra|Canberra]] duka ƙwallon ƙafa da rugby sun fara farawa, amma bayan wasannin farko a 1911, ƙwallon ƙwallon kafa na Australiya a cikin Babban Birnin Australiya ya zama babban wasanni. A shekara ta 1981 an yi watsi da shi sosai kuma da sauri ya koma baya da sauran lambobin kwallon kafa. Kwallon ƙafa na Australiya a yankin Arewa ya fara jim kadan bayan barkewar yaƙin a 1916 tare da wasan farko a Darwin. Wasan ya ci gaba da zama shahararren wasanni a cikin Yankin kuma ya gina mafi girman shiga wasanni a cikin ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AFL Canberra |url=https://play.afl/nswact/aflcanberra |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260531201730/https://play.afl/nswact/aflcanberra |archive-date=31 May 2026 |access-date=2026-05-31 |website=Play AFL |language=en}}</ref> [[File:An_appeal_from_the_Dardanelles.jpg|left|thumb|Hoton daukar ma'aikata na farko na Ostiraliya, wanda aka buga a 1915, ya yi tambaya game da jajircewar jama'a ga kwallon kafa na Ostiralia maimakon [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|yaƙin]].]] [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]] da Yaƙin Duniya ya yi mummunar tasiri a kan dokokin ƙwallon ƙafa na Australiya da kuma wasanni na Australiya gabaɗaya. Duk da yake 'yan wasan Australiya ne suka buga wasannin karkace a wurare masu nisa a duniya, wasan ya rasa yawancin manyan' yan wasan zuwa sabis na lokacin yaƙi. Wasu kungiyoyi da gasa ba su taɓa warkewa ba. Tsakanin shekara ta 1914 zuwa 1915, an gwada lambar haɗin gwiwar dokokin kwallon kafa da rugby na Australiya, babbar lambar kwallon kafa a New South Wales da Queensland, ba tare da nasara ba. A Queensland, ƙungiyar jihar ta shiga hutu a lokacin yakin. Jami'ar kulob din VFL ta bar gasar kuma ta shiga hutu saboda mummunan rauni. Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Yammacin Australia (WAFL) ta rasa kungiyoyi biyu kuma an dakatar da SANFL na shekara guda a 1916 saboda asarar kulob din. Wasan Ranar Anzac, wasan shekara-shekara tsakanin Essendon da Collingwood a Ranar Anzaak, misali ne na yadda ake ci gaba da tunawa da yakin a cikin al'ummar kwallon kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-24 |title=30 years of Anzac Day: How the Bombers-Magpies tradition was born |url=https://www.afl.com.au/news/1306162/30-years-of-anzac-day-how-the-collingwood-magpies-essendon-bombers-tradition-was-born |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260531201601/https://www.afl.com.au/news/1306162/30-years-of-anzac-day-how-the-collingwood-magpies-essendon-bombers-tradition-was-born |archive-date=31 May 2026 |access-date=2026-05-31 |website=afl.com.au |language=en}}</ref> Matsayin Majalisar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Australia (ANFC) da farko shine don gudanar da wasan a matakin kasa da kuma sauƙaƙe wakilan jihohi da gasar kulob din. A shekara ta 1968, ANFC ta farfado da gasar zakarun Australia, gasar da aka fara gudanarwa a shekara ta 1888 tsakanin firaministan VFA da SAFA. Kodayake a wasu lokuta ana gayyatar kungiyoyi daga wasu jihohi, wasan karshe kusan koyaushe yana tsakanin firaministan daga wasannin jihohi biyu mafi karfi na lokacin - Kudancin Australia da Victoria - tare da Adelaide ta karbi bakuncin mafi yawan wasannin bisa buƙatar SAFA / SANFL. Wasan karshe ya faru ne a shekara ta 1976, tare da Arewacin Adelaide kasancewa mai nasara na karshe wanda ba na Victoria ba a shekarar 1972. Tsakanin 1976 da 1987, ANFC, kuma daga baya Gasar Cin Kofin Kwallon Kafa ta Australiya (AFC) ta gudanar da jerin dare, wanda ya gayyaci kungiyoyi da wakilan kungiyoyi daga ko'ina cikin kasar don shiga gasar da aka yi daidai da lokutan firaministan, wanda har yanzu bangarorin Victoria suka mamaye. Ganin rashin gasar ƙasa da ƙasa, an ɗauki wasannin wakilan jihohi da matuƙar muhimmanci. Saboda hazakar farautar 'yan wasa na VFL daga wasu jihohi, Victoria ta mamaye wasannin tsakanin jihohi tsawon kashi uku cikin huɗu na ƙarni. Dokokin Jihar Asalin, waɗanda aka gabatar a shekarar 1977, sun tanadar da cewa maimakon wakiltar jihar da ƙungiyar da suka karɓe ta, 'yan wasa za su koma su buga wa jihar da aka fara ɗaukar su aiki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2026}} Wannan ya karya ikon Victoria na lashe gasar jihohi nan take kuma Yammacin Ostiraliya da Kudancin Ostiraliya sun fara cin nasara a wasanninsu da Victoria.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2026}} New South Wales da Tasmania sun ci nasara ba zato ba tsammani a gida a kan Victoria a shekarar 1990. === Zuwa ga ƙungiyar ƙasa === [[File:Ron_Barassi_sculpture_crop.jpg|thumb|Hall of Fame Legend [[Ron Barassi]] ya kasance babban mai ba da shawara game da gasar kulob din kasa.]] Kalmar "Barassi Line", mai suna bayan tauraron VFL [[Ron Barassi]], masanin [[Ian Turner (mai fafutukar siyasa na Australiya)|Ian Turner]] ne ya kirkiro ta a cikin 1978 don bayyana "ƙuntataccen shingen ƙasa" wanda ke raba sassan rugby na New South Wales da Queensland daga sauran ƙasar, inda Australian ya mallaki kwallon kafa. Ya zama ma'anar magana don fadada dokokin kwallon kafa na Australiya da kuma kafa gasar kwallon kafa ta kasa. Hanyar da aka buga wasan ta canza sosai saboda sabbin dabarun kocin, tare da fitar da yawancin salon kicking na wasan da karuwar amfani da kwallon hannu; yayin da talabijin ya rinjayi gabatarwa.<ref>WICKS, B. M. Whatever Happened to Australian Rules? Hobart, Tasmania, Libra Books. 1980, First Edition. ({{ISBN|0-909619-06-9}})</ref> [[File:The_teams_line_up_for_the_national_anthem,_2005_AFL_Grand_Final.jpg|left|thumb|West Coast Eagles da Sydney Swans sun yi layi don taken ƙasa a 2005 AFL Grand Final .]] A shekara ta 1982, a cikin wani yunkuri wanda ya sanar da manyan canje-canje a cikin wasanni, daya daga cikin kungiyoyin VFL na asali, South Melbourne, ya koma Sydney kuma ya zama sananne da Sydney Swans. A ƙarshen shekarun 1980, saboda rashin kudi na yawancin kungiyoyin Victoria, da kuma irin wannan halin da ake ciki a Yammacin Australia a cikin wasanni, VFL ta bi gasar kasa. Ƙarin kungiyoyi biyu da ba na Victoria ba, West Coast da Brisbane, sun shiga gasar a shekarar 1987 inda suka samar da fiye da dala miliyan 8 a cikin kudaden shiga na lasisi ga kungiyoyin Victoria da kuma kara yawan kudaden shiga da suka taimaka wa kungiyoyin Victoria su tsira.{{Sfn|Nauright|Parrish|2012}}&nbsp;A farkon shekarunsu, kungiyoyin Sydney da Brisbane sun yi gwagwarmaya a ciki da waje saboda kudaden shiga na talabijin da suka samar ta hanyar wasa a ranar Lahadi sun tafi VFL.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The expansion of the VFL |url=https://www.afl.com.au/about-afl/history/expansion |access-date=18 December 2025 |publisher=Australian Football League}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Don kare wadannan kudaden shiga VFL ta ba da takardun shaida masu mahimmanci da taimakon kudi don ci gaba da fadada kungiyoyin. VFL ta canza sunanta zuwa Australian Football League (AFL) don kakar 1990, kuma a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, kungiyoyi uku da ba na Victoria ba sun sami shiga: Adelaide (1991), Fremantle (1995) da kuma SANFL's Port Adelaide (1997), kulob din da ya riga ya kasance a waje da Victoria don shiga gasar.{{Sfn|Nauright|Parrish|2012}}A cikin 2011 da 2012, bi da bi, an kara sabbin kungiyoyi biyu wadanda ba na Victoria ba a gasar: Gold Coast da Greater Western Sydney . {{Sfn|Nauright|Parrish|2012}}AFL, a halin yanzu tare da kungiyoyi 18 masu mambobi, ita ce gasar wasanni kuma mafi iko. Bayan fitowar AFL, an sake komawa rukunin jihohi zuwa matsayi na biyu. VFA ta haɗu da tsohuwar gasar VFL a cikin 1998, ta ɗauki sunan VFL. Yanayin Asalin kuma ya ragu da muhimmancinsa, musamman bayan karuwar yawan janyewar 'yan wasa. AFL ta mayar da hankali ga jerin Dokokin Kasa da Kasa na shekara-shekara da Ireland a cikin 1998 kafin ta soke Jihar Asalin a shekara mai zuwa. Ƙungiyoyin jihohi da yankuna har yanzu suna fafatawa da wasannin jihohi, kamar yadda 'yan wasan mata na AFL ke yi. A cikin shekarun 2010, AFL ta nuna ƙarin ƙoƙari na fadada cikin kasuwanni a waje da yankunan gargajiya na ƙwallon ƙafa ta Australiya ta hanyar karɓar bakuncin wasannin gida da waje a New Zealand, sannan China ta biyo baya. Bayan da aka yi nasara da yawa tun farkon shekarun 1990 don ƙungiyar AFL ta Tasmania, Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Tasmania ta sami lasisin AFL na 19 a 2023, kuma an saita ta don yin gasa a shekara ta 2028. == Dokokin wasan == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> === 'Yan wasa da kayan aiki === [[File:Akec_Makur_Chuot_26.01.20.jpg|thumb|Kayan tufafi ya kunshi Guernsey, gajeren wando, takalma da takalma.]] A cikin daidaitattun wasa, ƙungiyar na iya kunshe da ko'ina tsakanin 'yan wasa 14 zuwa 18 waɗanda za a iya ba da izini a filin wasa a kowane lokaci. Kowace ƙungiya na iya samun 'yan wasa huɗu na musayar (tsare) waɗanda za a iya musayar su ga waɗanda ke filin a kowane lokaci yayin wasan, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pre-Match Provisions – Teams and Players |url=https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=21 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303143302/https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=21 |archive-date=3 March 2024 |access-date=3 March 2024 |website=Laws of Australian Football 2022 |publisher=AFL}}</ref> kodayake wasu ƙungiyoyi a yankunan da ba su da yawan jama'a na iya amfani da' yan wasa 12. Bugu da kari, wasu wasannin, musamman ciki har da AFL, suna da kowace kungiya ta sanya ƙarin ɗan wasa ɗaya a matsayin mai maye gurbin wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don yin musayar 'yan wasa guda ɗaya na dindindin yayin wasan don ko dai dalilai na kiwon lafiya ko na dabarun.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rogers |first=Michael |date=21 December 2022 |title=No vests: AFL reveals details of revamped sub rule |url=https://www.afl.com.au/news/872015/no-vests-afl-reveals-details-of-revamped-sub-rule |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303143302/https://www.afl.com.au/news/872015/no-vests-afl-reveals-details-of-revamped-sub-rule |archive-date=3 March 2024 |access-date=3 March 2024 |website=afl.com.au |language=en}}</ref> Ana iya musayar 'yan wasa a filin wasa tare da waɗanda ke kan benci a kowane lokaci. Dole ne su wuce ta hanyar "Yankin musayar".<ref name="Interchange">{{Cite web |title=Pre-Match Provisions – Interchange |url=https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=25 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303143302/https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=25 |archive-date=3 March 2024 |access-date=3 March 2024 |website=Laws of Australian Football 2022 |publisher=AFL}}</ref> A cikin taron mai kunnawa ya kasa wucewa ta wannan yanki daidai, ko kuma idan an sami 'yan wasa da yawa daga wata kungiya a ƙasa a lokaci guda, za a ba da kyauta ga abokin adawar.<ref name="Interchange" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pre-Match Provisions – Counting of Players |url=https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303143302/https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=23 |archive-date=3 March 2024 |access-date=3 March 2024 |website=Laws of Australian Football 2022 |publisher=AFL}}</ref> Duk da yake babu kayan aiki na yau da kullun, kayan aikin asali na ƙwallon ƙafa na Australiya sun ƙunshi guernsey, gajeren wando, takalma da takalma na ƙwallaye (ko da yake ana amfani da takalma masu ƙwarewa waɗanda ke da ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa don punting da ƙufofin ƙarfe an haramta su a hukumance ), tare da ƙarin kayan ado kamar su kai da safofin hannu kuma an ba da izini.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Clubs and Uniforms |url=https://s.afl.com.au/staticfile/AFL%20Tenant/AFL/Files/AFL%20Regulations%20effective%209%20May%202019.pdf#page=25 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111183616/https://s.afl.com.au/staticfile/AFL%20Tenant/AFL/Files/AFL%20Regulations%20effective%209%20May%202019.pdf#page=25 |archive-date=11 November 2020 |access-date=3 March 2024 |website=Australian Football League Regulations |publisher=AFL}}</ref> 'Yan wasan na iya sa wasu kayan kariya, kamar kwalkwali ko masu tsaron hannu, idan masu kula da su sun amince da su.<ref name="ProtectiveEquip">{{Cite web |title=Pre-Match Provisions – Protective Equipment |url=https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303143302/https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=30 |archive-date=3 March 2024 |access-date=3 March 2024 |website=Laws of Australian Football 2022 |publisher=AFL}}</ref> Ana ba da shawarar Masu tsaron baki sosai ga duk 'yan wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Role of helmets & mouthguards in Australian Football |url=https://s.afl.com.au/staticfile/AFL%20Tenant/AFL/Files/Respect%20and%20Responsibility/Role_of_helmets_and_mouthgaurds.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403011436/https://s.afl.com.au/staticfile/AFL%20Tenant/AFL/Files/Respect%20and%20Responsibility/Role_of_helmets_and_mouthgaurds.pdf |archive-date=Apr 3, 2024 |website=AFL.com.au}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lynch |first=Gordon S. |date=2006-07-31 |title=Mouthguards Insure Against Injury |url=https://www.afl.com.au/news/536963/mouthguards-insure-against-injury |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403011437/https://www.afl.com.au/news/536963/mouthguards-insure-against-injury |archive-date=Apr 3, 2024 |website=afl.com.au |language=en}}</ref> Ba a ba 'yan wasa damar sa kayan ado, ko wasu kayan da umpire na filin ya ɗauka ko dai yana da haɗari ko ƙara haɗarin rauni ga wasu' yan wasa.<ref name="ProtectiveEquip" /> === Kwallon === [[File:Sherrin_footy.jpg|thumb|kwallon kafa na Sherrin Kangaroo Brand. Sherrin ita ce kwallon wasan hukuma na Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Australiya . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Corporate Partners |url=https://www.afl.com.au/about-afl/partners/corporate |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303143302/https://www.afl.com.au/about-afl/partners/corporate |archive-date=3 March 2024 |access-date=3 March 2024 |website=afl.com.au |language=en}}</ref>]] Ana buga kwallon kafa na dokokin Australiya tare da kwallon ellipsoid, tsakanin 72 da 73 in) dogon kewayon, da 54.5 da 55.5 in) a gajeren kewayon.<ref name="BallLaw">{{Cite web |title=Pre-Match Provisions – The Football |url=https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=21 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303143302/https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=21 |archive-date=3 March 2024 |access-date=3 March 2024 |website=Laws of Australian Football 2022 |publisher=AFL}}</ref> Don gasa ta mata, ana amfani da ƙaramin girman kwallon na 69 da 53 in).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Size Chart |url=https://www.sherrin.com.au/size-chart |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303143303/https://www.sherrin.com.au/size-chart |archive-date=3 March 2024 |access-date=3 March 2024 |website=Sherrin |language=en}}</ref> Dole ne a kumbura kwallon zuwa matsin lamba na 69 kilopascals (10.0 fam a kowace murabba'in inci). <ref name="BallLaw" /> Babu wata doka da aka ayyana game da abin da dole ne a yi kwallon daga, amma Sherrin ne ke samar da ƙwallon da aka yi amfani da su ta hanyar amfani da fata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frequently Asked Questions |url=https://www.sherrin.com.au/faq |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303143304/https://www.sherrin.com.au/faq |archive-date=3 March 2024 |access-date=3 March 2024 |website=Sherrin |language=en}}</ref> Duk da yake babu daidaitattun launi na kwallon, ja da rawaya sun fi kowa kuma launuka ne kawai aka yi amfani da su a matakin AFL. Ana amfani da rawaya don wasannin da suka fara bayan karfe 3 na yamma ko a cikin filin wasa mai rufewa, saboda mafi girman ganuwarsa, da kuma taimakawa sake dubawa.<ref name="BallLaw" />&nbsp; === Filin === [[File:AFL_stadium.svg|thumb|Kyakkyawan filin wasan kwallon kafa na AustraliyaAustraliya ta mallaki filin wasan kwallon kafa]] Ba kamar sauran nau'ikan kwallon kafa ba waɗanda ake buga su a filayen rectangular, filayen wasan kwallon kafa na Australiya suna da siffar oval, kuma suna tsakanin mita 135 da 185 (148 da 202 yd) tsawo da mita 110 da 155 (120 da 170 yd) fadi.<ref name="PlaySurface">{{Cite web |title=Pre-Match Provisions – Playing Surface |url=https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=18 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303143302/https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=18 |archive-date=3 March 2024 |access-date=3 March 2024 |website=AFL}}</ref> A kowane ƙarshen filin, ana gina saiti biyu na sakonni a cikin layi madaidaiciya don nuna wuraren da aka zira kwallaye a filin, kowannensu yana da nau'ikan sakonni guda biyu, wanda ake kira sakonni na raga da sakonni na baya bi da bi. An sanya wuraren burin farko, suna da mita 6.4 (7.0 yd) ban da juna, tare da sanya wani matsayi na baya da ƙarin mita 6.4 zuwa gefen kowane matsayi. Sunan layin filin tsakanin matsayi biyu an san shi da layin Goal . <ref name="PlaySurface" /> A kusa da kewayon filin, ana zana fararen layi biyu tsakanin saitin bayan post a cikin siffar bakan gizo, suna nuna filin wasa.<ref name="PlaySurface" /> Sauran alamun filin sun hada da: <ref name="PlaySurface" /> * Wani bakan da aka zana mita 50 (55 yd) daga kowanne ƙarshen filin wasa, wanda aka sani da bakan mita hamsin. * Yankin mita 50 da 50 ( 55 yd) wanda ke tsakiyar filin wasa, wanda aka sani da tsakiya na tsakiya. * Da'irar mita 10 da 10 ( 11 yd) da ke tsakiyar filin wasa, wanda aka sani da da'irar tsakiya * Rectangle da aka zana a kowane ƙarshen ƙasa, yana auna mita 9 (9.8 yd) daga kowane matsayi na raga. Wannan an san shi da murabba'in burin. Ana amfani da arcs na 50m, tsakiya na tsakiya, tsakiya da tsakiya na raga a farkon kowane kwata ko bayan kowane burin. Kowace ƙungiya tana da izinin iyakar 'yan wasa shida a kowane bakan 50m, tare da ɗaya a cikin murabba'in burin da' yan wasa huɗu a cikin murfin tsakiya tare da ɗaya cikin tsakiya. Idan an karya wannan, ana ba da kyauta kyauta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=STARTING POSITIONS |url=https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=39 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328080926/https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=39 |archive-date=28 March 2024 |access-date=28 March 2024 |website=AFL}}</ref> === Tsawon wasan === Wasan yana da tsawon minti 80, ya kasu kashi huɗu wanda ya kunshi minti 20 na wasa, tare da dakatar da agogo don tsayawa a wasa kamar ƙuri'a, ko kuma a ra'ayin umpire, misali don mummunan rauni.<ref name="Timing">{{Cite web |title=Pre-Match Provisions – Match Timing |url=https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=31 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303143302/https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=31 |archive-date=3 March 2024 |access-date=3 March 2024 |website=AFL}}</ref> Kungiyoyin na iya zaɓar yin amfani da gajeren lokaci na wasa a ra'ayinsu, kamar AFLW ta amfani da minti 17 a kowace kwata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AFLW Rules |url=https://www.afl.com.au/aflw/about-AFLW/rules |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303143302/https://www.afl.com.au/aflw/about-AFLW/rules |archive-date=3 March 2024 |access-date=3 March 2024 |website=afl.com.au/aflw |language=en}}</ref> Ga kowane wasa da aka ba shi, ana nada masu kula da lokaci guda biyu don yin aiki da tsawon lokaci. Masu kula da lokaci suna yin rikodin duk kididdigar da ta dace don wasan, kamar jimlar tsawon kwata da kuma ci gaba da kowace kungiya. Bugu da ƙari ana buƙatar masu kula da lokaci su yi sauti kafin kuma a ƙarshen kowane kwata har sai masu yanke hukunci sun amince da su. Don dakatar da sake farawa da agogo, ana buƙatar masu yanke hukunci a filin don yin sigina ga masu kula da lokaci don nuna lokacin da ya kamata a dakatar da agogo ko sake farawa.<ref name="Timing" /> Tsakanin kowane kwata, ana lura da hutu don ba da damar 'yan wasa lokacin hutawa. Ana lura da hutu biyu na minti shida tsakanin kashi na farko da na biyu, da na uku da na huɗu. Ana lura da hutu mai tsawo na minti 20 tsakanin kwata na biyu da na uku, wanda aka fi sani da ''rabin lokaci''.<ref name="Timing" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2020 |title=Time to cut half-time breaks? AFL makes the call |url=https://www.afl.com.au/news/368722/time-to-cut-half-time-breaks-afl-makes-the-call |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303143308/https://www.afl.com.au/news/368722/time-to-cut-half-time-breaks-afl-makes-the-call |archive-date=3 March 2024 |access-date=3 March 2024 |website=afl.com.au |language=en}}</ref> === Matsayi === [[File:AFL_umpires.jpg|thumb|Masu shari'a]] Kowane wasa yana aiki ne da akalla jami'an wasanni biyar, wanda aka sani da umpire.<ref name="Umpiring">{{Cite web |title=Pre-Match Provisions – Umpires |url=https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303143306/https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=27 |archive-date=3 March 2024 |access-date=4 March 2024 |website=afl.com.au |publisher=AFL}}</ref> Wadannan jami'an wasan an sanya su cikin rukuni uku bisa ga matsayinsu da alhakinsu, tare da bambancin mafi ƙarancin adadin Umpires da ake buƙata dangane da matsayi: * Mai yanke hukunci a filin wasa: An sanya masu yanke hukunci a cikin filin wasa da ke cikin Lines na Ƙasashen, kuma su ne manyan jami'an wasan.<ref name="Umpiring" /> Ana buƙatar mafi ƙarancin umpire ɗaya na filin don gudanar da wasan, kodayake al'ada ce a yi amfani da ƙarin don rage buƙatun jiki ga kowane umpire, da inganta ingancin hukuma.<ref name="Umpiring" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2023 |title=AFL confirms four field umpires for 2023 season |url=https://www.afl.com.au/news/878267/afl-confirms-four-field-umpires-for-2023-season |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311194749/https://www.afl.com.au/news/878267/afl-confirms-four-field-umpires-for-2023-season |archive-date=11 March 2023 |access-date=4 March 2024 |website=afl.com.au |language=en}}</ref> * Masu yanke hukunci na iyaka: An sanya masu yanke hukunci na iyakoki tare da layin iyakoki guda biyu a kowane bangare na filin. Ayyukansu na farko sun haɗa da ƙayyade lokacin da aka ɗauka kwallon kafa a waje da filin wasa, da kuma jefa kwallon kafa cikin wasa lokacin da aka ba da umarni. Ana buƙatar mafi ƙarancin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun biyu don wasan.<ref name="Umpiring" /> * Goal arbiters: Goal arbitres suna sanya a ko'ina cikin ƙarshen ƙasa, tare da ɗaya da aka tsaya a ko'in saiti na matsayi a filin. Ayyukansu na farko sun haɗa da yin hukunci game da abin da 'yan wasa suka yi, nuna alamomi, da yin rikodin abubuwan da kowace kungiya ta yi yayin wasan. Ana buƙatar mafi ƙarancin ƙwallon ƙafa biyu don wasan.<ref name="Umpiring" /> A matakin AFL, ana amfani da tsarin bita na bidiyo. Sai kawai masu yanke hukunci ne aka ba da izinin neman bita, kuma kawai za a iya sake dubawa da harbe-harbe masu yuwuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Score Review Powerpoint |url=https://s.afl.com.au/staticfile/AFL%20Tenant/AFL/Files/AFL-Score-Review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328112518/https://s.afl.com.au/staticfile/AFL%20Tenant/AFL/Files/AFL-Score-Review.pdf |archive-date=28 March 2024 |access-date=28 March 2024 |website=afl.com.au |language=en}}</ref> ===Kwarewar wasa=== ====Motsin ƙwallo==== {{multiple image | align = right | direction = horizontal | header_align = center | total_width = 340 | image1 = Tayla Harris 19.03.17 (2).jpg | width1 = 1620 | height1 = 2393 | alt1 = | caption1 = Shura | image2 = Jake Bartholomaeus handballing.1.jpg | width2 = 777 | height2 = 1166 | alt2 = | caption2 = Watsa ƙwallo da hannu }} Ana iya tura ƙwallon ƙafa gaba ta hanyoyi kaɗan ne kawai kamar yadda Dokokin Wasan Ƙwallon Ƙafar Ostireliya da AFL ta wallafa suka tanada. Ana iya tura ƙwallon ta kowace hanya ta hanyar shura ko kuma da dunƙulallen hannu (wanda ake kira [[handball (Australian rules football)|watsa ƙwallo da hannu]] ko handpass)—wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin hanyar da ta dace ta sakin ƙwallo.<ref name="Definitions">{{cite web |title=Definitions, Interpretations and Variation |url=https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=12 |website=afl.com.au |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=3 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303143306/https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=12 |url-status=live }}</ref> Idan ɗan wasa ya kasa sakin ƙwallon ta ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan hanyoyi biyu, za a ba ƙungiyar abokiyar hamayya [[Free kick (Australian rules football)|free kick]].<ref name="FreeKickOther">{{cite web |title=Match Provisions – Free Kicks (Other) |url=https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=56 |website=afl.com.au |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=3 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303143306/https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=56 |url-status=live }}</ref> Idan babu wani ɗan wasa da ke riƙe da ƙwallon a lokacin, ana iya motsa ta ta wasu hanyoyi da doka ta yarda da su, kamar bugun ta da hannu.<ref name="Definitions" /> Yayin da ɗan wasa ke riƙe da ƙwallon, yana iya gudu da ita, amma dole ne ya [[Running bounce|buga ƙwallon ƙasa ko taɓa ta]] aƙalla sau ɗaya a duk {{convert|15|m|yd}}.<ref name="FreeKickOther" /> ====Kame ɗan wasa==== [[File:Christian Petracca tackling Zaine Cordy.jpg|thumb|left|Kame ɗan wasa]] Kame ɗan wasa wata dabara ce da ƴan wasa ke amfani da ita domin tilasta wa ɗan wasan abokiyar hamayya ya saki ƙwallon yayin da yake riƙe da ita. Idan ɗan wasa ya kasa sakin ƙwallon bayan an kama shi ta hanyar da doka ta yarda da ita, za a iya hukunta shi da laifin ''[[holding the ball]]'', sai dai idan alkalin wasa ya ga cewa ɗan wasan bai samu damar sakin ƙwallon a baya ba.<ref>{{cite web |title=Match Provisions – Holding the Ball |url=https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=52 |website=afl.com.au |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=3 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303143306/https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=52 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ana iya kama ɗan wasan da ke riƙe da ƙwallon ne kawai tsakanin kafadu da gwiwoyi, daga gaba ko gefe.<ref name="Definitions" /> Idan ɗan wasa ya yi karo da abokin hamayya da ƙarfi a baya yayin ƙoƙarin kama shi, za a hukunta ɗan wasan da [[push in the back]]. Idan aka kama ɗan wasan da ke riƙe da ƙwallon a ƙasa da gwiwoyi (wanda ake kira ''low tackle'' ko ''trip'') ko sama da kafadu (''high tackle''), ƙungiyar da ke riƙe da ƙwallon za ta samu free kick.<ref name="Prohibited">{{cite web |title=Match Provisions – Prohibited Contact |url=https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=50 |website=afl.com.au |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=3 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303143306/https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=50 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, kamewa da alkalin wasa ya ɗauka a matsayin mai haɗari, da kuma kamewa daga gaba yayin da kan ɗan wasan abokiyar hamayya yake kan ƙwallon, ana ɗaukar su a matsayin hulɗar da aka hana, kuma za a bayar da free kick a kan ɗan wasan da ya aikata laifin.<ref name="Prohibited" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Match Provisions – Rough Conduct |url=https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=53 |website=afl.com.au |publisher=AFL |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=3 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303143306/https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=53 |url-status=live }}</ref> Haka kuma, ƴan wasa na iya yin wata dabara da ake kira [[shepherding (Australian rules football)|shepherding]] yayin da ƙwallon take tsakanin {{convert|5|m|yd}} da ɗan wasan abokiyar hamayya. Shepherding ya ƙunshi amfani da jikin ɗan wasa wajen tura, yin karo ko kuma toshe ɗan wasan abokiyar hamayya, muddin ba shi ne ke riƙe da ƙwallon ba.<ref name="Definitions" /> ====Karɓar ƙwallo==== {{multiple image | align = right | direction = horizontal | header_align = center | total_width = 340 | image1 = Ben Warren marking.1.jpg | width1 = 861 | height1 = 1292 | alt1 = | caption1 = Ɗan wasa yana karɓar ƙwallo a ƙirji | image2 = Howe mark over McDonald.2.jpg | width2 = 1710 | height2 = 2570 | alt2 = | caption2 = Ɗan wasa yana tsalle domin karɓar [[spectacular mark|ƙwallo cikin ban mamaki]] }} Idan ɗan wasa ya karɓi ƙwallon da ta yi tafiyar sama da {{convert|15|m|yd}} daga shurar wani ɗan wasa, ta hanyar kama ta a cikin filin wasa, ana ɗaukar hakan a matsayin ''[[mark (Australian rules football)|mark]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Match Provisions – Marking |url=https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=41 |website=afl.com.au |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=3 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303143306/https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=41 |url-status=live }}</ref> Domin a ba da mark, dole ne a tabbatar cewa ɗan wasan ya mallaki ƙwallon sosai kuma ya karɓe ta kafin wani ya taɓa ta, kafin ta taɓa ƙasa, ko kuma idan ana fafatawa, kafin abokin hamayya ya hana shi karɓar ta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://play.afl/sites/default/files/2024-03/2024-Laws-of-Australian-Football-Mobile.pdf|title=Laws of Australian Football 2024|publisher=Australian Football League|year=2024|accessdate=13 November 2024|page=51|archive-date=13 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241113010335/https://play.afl/sites/default/files/2024-03/2024-Laws-of-Australian-Football-Mobile.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Bayan an yi mark, ɗaya daga cikin ƴan wasan abokiyar hamayya na iya zaɓar tsayawa a wurin da aka karɓi ƙwallon, wanda ake kira "the mark". Bayan an yi mark, ana kafa wani ƙaramin yanki mai kariya a filin, wanda ya kai {{convert|10|m|yd}} zuwa kowane gefe daga "the mark" da kuma daga ɗan wasan da ya karɓi ƙwallon, tare da wata ƙaramar hanya mai kariya tsakanin "the mark" da ɗan wasan. An yarda ɗan wasan abokiyar hamayya ya yi tsalle, amma ba a yarda ya motsa daga matsayinsa a "the mark" ba. Duk wani motsi zai haifar da hukuncin nisa (mita 50 a AFL).<ref name="MarkDisposal">{{cite web |title=Match Provisions – Disposal After Mark |url=https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=58 |website=afl.com.au |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=3 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303143306/https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=58 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ɗan wasan da aka ba mark na iya zaɓar ko dai ya saki ƙwallon ta hanyar wucewa da ita daga "the mark" ko kuma ya yi ƙoƙarin sakin ta ta wata hanya dabam, a wannan yanayin alkalin wasa na filin zai kira "play on"—umarnin baki na ci gaba da wasa.<ref name="MarkDisposal" /><ref name="Definitions" /> Haka kuma ana iya kiran "play on" idan alkalin wasa ya ga cewa ɗan wasan da aka ba mark yana ɗaukar lokaci fiye da kima wajen sakin ƙwallon.<ref name="MarkDisposal" /> Da zarar ɗan wasan ya saki ƙwallon, ko kuma aka kira "play on", wasa na yau da kullum zai ci gaba.<ref name="MarkDisposal" /> ====Rucking==== [[File:Tim English and Levi Casboult ruck contest.4.jpg|thumb|upright|Fafatawar ruck]] Rucking ita ce kawai ƙwarewar wasa ta musamman, kuma ɗan wasan ruck ne ke yin ta. Ruck shi ne sunan da ake ba wa zaɓaɓɓun ƴan wasa daga kowace ƙungiya waɗanda alkalin wasa ke jefa ƙwallon zuwa gare su domin fara wasa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://play.afl/sites/default/files/2024-03/2024-Laws-of-Australian-Football-Mobile.pdf|title=Laws of Australian Football 2024|publisher=Australian Football League|year=2024|accessdate=13 November 2024|page=38}}</ref> Ruck da aka zaɓa kawai ne zai iya fafatawa a ball-ups da throw-ins.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://play.afl/sites/default/files/2024-03/2024-Laws-of-Australian-Football-Mobile.pdf|title=Laws of Australian Football 2024|publisher=Australian Football League|year=2024|accessdate=13 November 2024|page=40|archive-date=13 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241113010335/https://play.afl/sites/default/files/2024-03/2024-Laws-of-Australian-Football-Mobile.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Su ne kaɗai 'yan wasan da aka yarda su shiga cikin da'irar mita 10 a lokacin centre bounce. A aikace, wannan matsayi yana kama da matsayin [[Center (basketball)|center a wasan kwallon kwando]], saboda haka ƴan wasan ruck galibi su ne mafi tsayin ƴan wasa a ƙungiya. Ba a yarda a ɗaga abokan wasa sama ba<ref>{{cite web|url=https://play.afl/sites/default/files/2024-03/2024-Laws-of-Australian-Football-Mobile.pdf|title=Laws of Australian Football 2024|publisher=Australian Football League|year=2024|accessdate=13 November 2024|page=58|archive-date=13 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241113010335/https://play.afl/sites/default/files/2024-03/2024-Laws-of-Australian-Football-Mobile.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> saboda haka ruck zai iya tsalle ne kawai domin isa ga ƙwallon. Idan ruck bai mallaki ƙwallon ba, dole ne ya bugi ko ya ture ta da hannu, abin da ake kira ''hit-out''. Idan an yi hit-out yadda ya kamata har ƙwallon ta isa ga abokin wasa, ana kiran hakan ''hit-out to advantage''.<ref>[https://www.afl.com.au/news/144837/stats-glossary-every-stat-explained/ "Stats glossary: Every stat explained"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251222234941/https://www.afl.com.au/news/144837/stats-glossary-every-stat-explained/ |date=22 December 2025 }}, afl.com.au, 28 December 2017.</ref> ===Laifi da rashin bin ƙa'ida=== Idan ɗan wasa ya karya wata doka, ana ba ƙungiyar abokiyar hamayya free kick daga wurin da aka aikata laifin, ko kuma daga wurin da ƙwallon take a lokacin—duk wurin da ya fi kusa da yankin zura ƙwallon ƙungiyar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Match Provisions – Free Kicks |url=https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=49 |website=afl.com.au |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=3 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303143306/https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=49 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kamar yadda yake faruwa idan an yi mark, ana kiran wannan wurin "the mark", kuma kariyar da ta shafi wannan wuri tana nan.<ref name="MarkDisposal" /> Idan ɗan wasa ya yi wani hali da bai dace da wasa ba bayan an ba ƙungiyar abokiyar hamayya free kick ko kuma an ba ta mark, alkalin wasa na iya bayar da hukuncin mita 50 maimakon haka. Idan aka bayar da wannan hukunci, alkalin wasan filin zai matsar da "the mark" ƙarin {{convert|50|m|yd}} zuwa gaba a filin ko zuwa layin zura ƙwallo, duk wanda ya fi kusa. Ana iya ƙara bayar da wasu hukuncin mita 50 idan halin ya ci gaba bayan hukuncin farko.<ref>{{cite web |title=Match Provisions – Fifty Metre Penalties |url=https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=56 |website=afl.com.au |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=3 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303143306/https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=56 |url-status=live }}</ref> Dokokin wasan sun bai wa alkalai damar fitar da ƴan wasa daga wasa saboda manyan laifukan wasa, amma wannan doka ba ta aiki a AFL, kuma galibi ana amfani da ita ne kawai a wasannin ƙananan matakai.<ref>{{cite news |title=The AFL says it has no plans for a 'red card' rule — but Tom Stewart's hit on Dion Prestia has put the spotlight back on the debate |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-06-29/tom-stewarts-high-hit-dion-prestia-reignited-afls-red-card-talk/101186070 |newspaper=ABC News |date=28 June 2022 |access-date=28 March 2024 |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328150357/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-06-29/tom-stewarts-high-hit-dion-prestia-reignited-afls-red-card-talk/101186070 |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Zura ƙwallo=== [[File:AFL-Goalposts.jpg|thumb|Dogayen sanduna biyu da ke tsakiyar su ne sandunan zura ƙwallo, yayin da gajerun sanduna biyu na gefe su ne sandunan behind.]] Akwai nau'ikan zura ƙwallo guda biyu a wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Ostireliya: ''goal'' da ''behind''. ''Goal'' yana da maki shida, kuma ana zura shi ne lokacin da aka shura ƙwallon daga ƙungiyar da ke kai hari ta wuce tsakanin sandunan goal kuma ta ketare layin goal a kowane tsayi. Ƙwallon na iya taɓa ƙasa, amma dole ne babu ɗan wasa daga kowace ƙungiya ko sandar goal da ya taɓa ta kafin ta ketare layin goal.<ref name="Scoring">{{cite web |title=Match Provisions – Scoring |url=https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=43 |website=afl.com.au |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=3 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303143306/https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=43 |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Behind'' yana da maki ɗaya, kuma ana samunsa idan:<ref name="Scoring" /> * Ƙwallon ta wuce tsakanin sandar goal da sandar behind a kowane tsayi. * Ƙwallon ta bugi sandar goal. * Wani ɗan wasa ya aika da ƙwallon ta ketare layin goal ko behind ta hanyar taɓa ta da wani ɓangare na jikinsa ban da ƙafa ko ƙasan ƙafa. Haka kuma ana ba ƙungiya behind idan ƙwallon ta taɓa wani ɓangare na jikin ɗan wasan abokiyar hamayya, har da ƙafa, kafin ta ketare layin goal ko behind.<ref name="Scoring" /> Ana ba da free kick a kan duk ɗan wasan da aka ga ya yi rushing behind da gangan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxsports.com.au/breaking-news/afl-rules-on-deliberate-rushed-behinds/story-e6frf33c-1111118325150|title=AFL rules on deliberate rushed behinds|access-date=27 February 2011|archive-date=5 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005223345/http://web.archive.org/web/20121005223345/http://www.foxsports.com.au/breaking-news/afl-rules-on-deliberate-rushed-behinds/story-e6frf33c-1111118325150|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/afl/all-clear-for-rushed-behind-rule/story-e6frf9jf-1225700531493|title=All clear for rushed behind rule<!-- Bot generated title -->|website=Herald Sun}}</ref> Ƙungiyar da ta samu maki mafi yawa a ƙarshen wasa ce ke yin nasara. Idan maki sun yi daidai a ƙarshen wasa, to wasan ya ƙare kunnen doki; ana amfani da ƙarin lokaci ne kawai a wasannin karshe a wasu gasa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Laws of Australian Football – Introduction |url=https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=10 |website=afl.com.au |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=3 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303143306/https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=10 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What happens if the Grand Final is a draw? The AFL explains |url=https://www.afl.com.au/news/521166/what-happens-if-the-grand-final-is-a-draw-the-afl-explains |website=afl.com.au |access-date=4 March 2024 |language=en |date=23 October 2020 |archive-date=4 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304141518/https://www.afl.com.au/news/521166/what-happens-if-the-grand-final-is-a-draw-the-afl-explains |url-status=live }}</ref> A matsayin misali na yadda ake rubuta sakamakon wasa, a ɗauki wasa tsakanin Sydney da Geelong, inda Sydney ce ƙungiyar gida. Sydney ta ci goals 17 da behinds 5, wanda ya yi daidai da maki 107. Geelong ta ci goals 10 da behinds 17, wanda ya yi daidai da maki 77. Sydney ta lashe wasan da tazarar maki 30. Ana rubuta irin wannan sakamako kamar haka: :"Sydney 17.5 (107) ta doke Geelong 10.17 (77)". Kuma ana karanta shi kamar haka: :"Sydney, goma sha bakwai-biyar, ɗari da bakwai, ta doke Geelong, goma-bakwai, saba'in da bakwai". Haka kuma ana iya cewa: :"Sydney ta doke Geelong da maki 30". Yawanci ana fara rubuta sunan ƙungiyar gida, sannan a rubuta sunan ƙungiyar baƙo. Ana rubuta wasan da ya ƙare kunnen doki kamar haka: :"Greater Western Sydney 10.8 (68) ta yi kunnen doki da Geelong 10.8 (68)".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://afltables.com/afl/stats/games/2017/092120170701.html|title=Greater Western Sydney v Geelong|publisher=AFL Tables|date=1 July 2017|access-date=13 September 2017|archive-date=13 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913135328/https://afltables.com/afl/stats/games/2017/092120170701.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Ƙungiyoyin kula da wasa da gasa== [[File:Docklands Stadium, Melbourne, southwest view 20230219 1.jpg|thumb|AFL ce ke da filin wasa na [[Docklands Stadium]] da kuma hedikwatarta a Melbourne.]] Babban lokacin wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa yana daga watan Maris zuwa Agusta (farkon kaka zuwa ƙarshen hunturu a Ostireliya), yayin da ake gudanar da wasannin ƙarshe a watan Satumba da Oktoba.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mm.afl.com.au/afl_archive/cp2/c2/webi/article/304261bn.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070320220310/http://mm.afl.com.au/afl_archive/cp2/c2/webi/article/304261bn.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 March 2007|title=Schedule – By Round|date=20 March 2007}}</ref> A yankunan da ke da yanayin zafi, wani lokaci ana buga wasan a lokacin [[wet season|damina]] (Oktoba zuwa Maris).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldfootynews.com/article.php/20061130160918957|title=Bombers soaring on the Tiwi Islands|website=World Footy News|last1=Finlayson|first1=Sean|date=30 November 2006|access-date=11 November 2015|archive-date=13 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713204633/http://www.worldfootynews.com/article.php/20061130160918957|url-status=live}}</ref> Hukumar [[Australian Sports Commission]] ta amince da AFL a matsayin ƙungiyar wasanni ta ƙasa mai kula da ƙwallon ƙafa irin na Ostireliya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ais.org.au/austrules/index.asp|title=Australian Institute of Sport – Australian football|publisher=Australian Institute of Sport|access-date=19 February 2010|archive-date=24 July 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724192200/http://web.archive.org/web/20080724192200/http://www.ais.org.au/austrules/index.asp|url-status=live }}</ref> Haka kuma akwai ƙungiyoyi bakwai na jihohi da yankuna a Ostireliya, kuma dukkaninsu suna da alaƙa da AFL.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inquiry into Country Football |url=https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/images/stories/committees/rrc/footy/cf_report.pdf#page=71 |access-date=6 April 2021 |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308040316/https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/images/stories/committees/rrc/footy/cf_report.pdf#page=71 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin jihohi suna gudanar da gasar ƙungiyoyin da ke ɗauke da ƙwararru da ƙwararrun matakin tsaka-tsaki a kowace shekara, kuma wasu daga cikinsu suna kula da fiye da gasa guda ɗaya. Ƙungiyoyi da gasannin ƙananan matakai ko na masu son wasa a yankuna galibi suna da alaƙa da ƙungiyoyin jihohinsu.<ref>{{cite web |title=LEAGUES & ASSOCIATIONS |url=https://aflvic.com.au/leagues-associations/ |website=AFL Victoria |access-date=11 April 2021 |language=en-AU |archive-date=11 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411084815/https://aflvic.com.au/leagues-associations/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A shekara ta 2003, AFL ta zama ''de facto'' ƙungiyar kula da wasan ƙwallon ƙafa irin na Ostireliya a duniya, bayan da ta matsa a rufe [[International Australian Football Council]]. Haka kuma akwai ƙungiyoyi masu alaƙa da ita da dama waɗanda ke kula da [[List of Australian rules football leagues outside Australia|ƙungiyoyin masu son wasa da gasa a faɗin duniya]].<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://www.afl.com.au/Development/International/tabid/10238/Default.aspx |title=International – Official Website of the Australian Football League |website=Australian Football League |access-date=19 February 2010 |archive-date=29 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529031821/http://web.archive.org/web/20100529031821/http://www.afl.com.au/development/international/tabid/10238/default.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> A gasannin ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙungiyoyin Ostireliya, manufar ita ce lashe gasar zakarun ƙasa (wanda kuma ake kira "flag"), wanda yawanci ake tantance shi ta jerin wasannin ƙarshe. Ƙungiyoyin da suka kasance a kan manyan matsayi a teburin gasar bayan kakar wasannin gida da na waje suna fafatawa a jerin wasannin ƙarshe na "semi-knockout", wanda ya ƙare da wasa guda na [[AFL Grand Final|Grand Final]] domin tantance zakara. Ƙungiyoyi huɗu zuwa takwas ne yawanci suke fafatawa a jerin wasannin ƙarshe, ta hanyar amfani da [[AFL final eight system]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Australian Football League Regulations |url=https://s.afl.com.au/staticfile/AFL%20Tenant/AFL/Files/AFL%20Regulations%20effective%209%20May%202019.pdf#page=19 |access-date=6 April 2021 |archive-date=11 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111183616/https://s.afl.com.au/staticfile/AFL%20Tenant/AFL/Files/AFL%20Regulations%20effective%209%20May%202019.pdf#page=19 |url-status=live }}</ref> ko wani salo na [[McIntyre system]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Adelaide Footy League – Rules & Regulations |url=https://websites.sportstg.com/get_file.cgi?id=36414188#page=29 |access-date=6 April 2021 |archive-date=24 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924105023/https://websites.mygameday.app/get_file.cgi?id=36414188#page=29 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Explaining the Final Six |url=https://www.vafa.com.au/explaining-the-final-six/ |website=VAFA |access-date=6 April 2021 |language=en-AU |date=22 July 2013 |archive-date=14 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814104033/https://web.archive.org/web/20210814104033/https://www.vafa.com.au/explaining-the-final-six/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ƙungiyar da ta ƙare a matsayi na farko a teburin gasar bayan kakar wasannin gida da na waje ana kiranta "[[minor premier]]", amma wannan yawanci ba shi da wata muhimmiyar fa'ida kai tsaye, ban da samun kyakkyawan jadawalin wasannin ƙarshe.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cellini |first1=Aiden |title=Chris Scott's wish granted as AFL "recognises the minor premier" in combined AFL, AFLW McClelland Trophy {{!}} Sporting News Australia |url=https://www.sportingnews.com/au/afl/news/afl-2023-aflw-mcclelland-trophy/erdcxwpqgamdfvf3lq8esedr |website=www.sportingnews.com |access-date=4 March 2024 |language=en-au |date=9 March 2023 |archive-date=6 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706210749/https://web.archive.org/web/20230706210749/https://www.sportingnews.com/au/afl/news/afl-2023-aflw-mcclelland-trophy/erdcxwpqgamdfvf3lq8esedr |url-status=live }}</ref> Wasu daga cikin gasannin birane suna da rukuni-rukuni masu matakai daban-daban, inda ake [[promotion and relegation|ɗaga]] zakaran rukuni na ƙasa zuwa rukuni mafi girma, sannan a [[promotion and relegation|saukar]] da ƙungiyar da ta ƙare a matsayi na ƙarshe a rukuni mafi girma zuwa ƙasa a ƙarshen kowace shekara.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rules of the Victorian Amateur Football Association |url=https://www.vafa.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/VAFA-Rules-23.3.2015.pdf#page=2 |access-date=6 April 2021 |archive-date=13 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713093857/https://www.vafa.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/VAFA-Rules-23.3.2015.pdf#page=2 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Mata da wasan ƙwallon ƙafa irin na Ostireliya== [[File:Women AFL Match.jpg|thumb|Wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na mata tsakanin [[Bond University]] da [[Burleigh Heads, Queensland|Burleigh Heads]] a [[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast]], Queensland]] Babban sha'awar da mata ke nunawa ga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa irin na Ostireliya ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin wani abu na musamman idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na duniya.{{sfn|Mewett|Toffoletti|2008|p=2}} Haka yake a ƙarni na 19, kamar yadda yake a zamanin yanzu, mata sun kasance kusan rabin adadin masu kallon wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa irin na Ostireliya—adadi mafi girma sosai fiye da, misali, kiyasin kashi 10 cikin 100 na mata da ke cikin masu kallon wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Birtaniya.{{sfn|Hess|2008|p=66}} An danganta wannan a wani ɓangare da halin [[Egalitarianism|daidaito]] na farkon shekarun wasan ƙwallon ƙafa irin na Ostireliya a wuraren shakatawa na jama'a, inda mata za su iya cuɗanya da mutane cikin 'yanci tare da tallafa wa wasan ta hanyoyi daban-daban.<ref>Browne, Ashley (2008). "For Women, Too". In Weston, James. ''The Australian Game of Football: Since 1858''. Geoff Slattery Publishing. pp. 253–259. {{ISBN|978-0-9803466-6-4}}.</ref> Dangane da shiga wasa, akwai wasu bayanai daga ƙarni na 19 da ke nuna cewa mata sun taɓa buga wannan wasa, amma sai a shekarun 1910 ne aka kafa ƙungiyoyin mata da gasannin mata na farko da aka tsara.<ref>{{cite web |title=Match Provisions – Free Kicks |url=https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=49 |website=afl.com.au |access-date=4 March 2024 |archive-date=3 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303143306/https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2022/03/28/6d92ed7c-efc2-44dc-86bc-9fa1d9b338ad/2022-Laws-of-the-Game-Booklet.pdf#page=49 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{sfn|Hess|Lenkic|2016|pp=1–6}} Gasannin mata na jihohi sun bayyana a shekarun 1980,{{sfn|Pippos|2017|p=191}} sannan a shekarar 2013 AFL ta sanar da shirinta na kafa gasar mata ta ƙasa mai matakin ƙwararru da ƙwararru na tsaka-tsaki.<ref>[[Samantha Lane|Lane, Samantha]] (27 March 2013). [http://www.theage.com.au/afl/afl-news/afl-sees-the-light-on-womens-footy-20130326-2gsd1.html "AFL sees the light on women's footy"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140823035633/http://www.theage.com.au/afl/afl-news/afl-sees-the-light-on-womens-footy-20130326-2gsd1.html |date=23 August 2014 }}, ''The Age''. Retrieved 29 November 2014.</ref> Yayin da sha'awar kallo da shiga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na mata ke ƙaruwa, AFL ta kawo shekarar fara gasar da ake kira [[AFL Women's]] (AFLW) zuwa 2017.<ref>Halloran, Jessica (29 January 2017). [https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/lifestyle/stellar/how-afl-womens-league-will-level-the-playing-field/news-story/0a9ab8e7ff5b154bc6eb41f4902ee38e "Will the AFL Women's League level the playing field?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924105025/https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/lifestyle/stellar/how-afl-womens-league-will-level-the-playing-field/news-story/0a9ab8e7ff5b154bc6eb41f4902ee38e?nk=3f9756af9fc22b2b78674ebd468edf65-1632480625 |date=24 September 2021 }}, ''The Daily Telegraph''. Retrieved 28 April 2018.</ref> Ƙungiyoyin AFL guda takwas sun samu lasisin kafa ƙungiyoyin mata a kakar gasar ta farko ta [[2017 AFL Women's season|2017]].<ref>Mark, David (17 June 2016). [http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-06-15/afl-provides-pathway-for-young-women-to-pursue-sporting-careers/7513338 "AFL women's competition provides a pathway for young women into professional sport"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401102138/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-06-15/afl-provides-pathway-for-young-women-to-pursue-sporting-careers/7513338 |date=1 April 2018 }}, ABC. Retrieved 28 April 2018.</ref> Ya zuwa [[AFL Women's season seven|2022]], dukkan ƙungiyoyi 18 sun kafa ƙungiyar AFLW,<ref>[https://www.espn.com.au/afl/story/_/id/32005569/aflw-expanding-18-teams-2022-2023 "New clubs revealed: AFLW expanding to 18 teams from 2022-2023"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720095647/https://www.espn.com.au/afl/story/_/id/32005569/aflw-expanding-18-teams-2022-2023 |date=20 July 2025 }}, ESPN. Retrieved 13 August 2025.</ref> kuma za a samu ƙungiyoyi 19 bayan shigar Tasmania cikin gasar a shekarar 2028. ==Sauye-sauye da wasannin da ke da alaƙa== An samo wasanni masu alaƙa da dama daga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa irin na Ostireliya, musamman ta hanyar sauya dokokin hulɗa tsakanin 'yan wasa domin ƙara yawan masu shiga wasa. Waɗannan sun haɗa da [[Auskick]] (wanda yara masu shekaru tsakanin 5 zuwa 12 ke bugawa), [[kick-to-kick]] (da nau'o'insa na [[Kick-to-kick#End-to-end footy|end-to-end footy]] da [[Kick-to-kick#Marks up.2C King of the pack and Points Up.2C Jack in the Pack|marks up]]), [[rec footy]], [[9-a-side footy]], [[masters Australian football]], gasar watsa ƙwallo da hannu da kuma gasar mafi tsayin shura. 'Yan wasa a wajen Ostireliya wani lokaci suna buga wasannin da ke da alaƙa da wannan wasa waɗanda aka daidaita da filayen da ake da su, kamar [[metro footy]] (wanda ake bugawa a filayen gridiron) da [[Samoa rules]] (wanda ake bugawa a filayen rugby). Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun misalan da ake amfani da shi tun 2018 shi ne [[AFLX]], wani gajerarren salo na wasan da 'yan wasa bakwai ke wakiltar kowace ƙungiya, kuma ana buga shi a filin da girman filin ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref name="AFLX1">{{cite web|url=http://www.afl.com.au/news/2017-11-17/aflx-revealed-who-your-club-plays-and-when|title=AFLX revealed: Who your club plays|date=17 November 2017|work=AFL.com.au|access-date=17 November 2017|archive-date=17 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117104844/http://www.afl.com.au/news/2017-11-17/aflx-revealed-who-your-club-plays-and-when|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Wasan dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa=== Kamanceceniya tsakanin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa irin na Ostireliya da wasan [[Gaelic football|ƙwallon ƙafa na Gaelic]] na Ireland ta ba da damar ƙirƙirar wani [[hybrid sport|wasan haɗaka]] da ake kira [[international rules football]]. An buga wasannin dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa na farko a Ireland a shekarar 1967 yayin [[Australian Football World Tour]]. Tun daga wannan lokaci, an gwada wasu nau'ikan dokokin haɗaka, sannan a shekarar 1984 aka fara [[International Rules Series]] tare da ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da aka zaɓa daga gasannin jihohin Ostireliya (daga baya AFL) da [[Gaelic Athletic Association]] (GAA). Gasar ta zama taron shekara-shekara a shekarar 1998, amma aka dakatar da ita ba tare da ƙayyadadden lokacin dawowa ba a shekarar 2007 bayan GAA ta janye saboda tsananin salon wasan Ostireliya mai ƙarfi da tashin hankali.<ref>Haxton, Nance (3 January 2007). [http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2006/s1821003.htm "Sounds of Summer: International Rules Series"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160731183225/http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2006/s1821003.htm |date=31 July 2016 }}. ''PM'', [[ABC Radio National]]. Retrieved 1 May 2016.</ref> An sake fara gasar a Ostireliya a shekarar 2008 da sababbin dokoki domin kare ɗan wasan da ke riƙe da ƙwallon. ==Yaɗuwar wasan a duniya== [[File:Linkbelt1999-Finalspiel.jpg|thumb|Wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Ostireliya a [[Linkbelt Oval]] a [[Australian rules football in Nauru|Nauru]], inda wasan ƙwallon ƙafa irin na Ostireliya yake matsayin [[national sport|wasan ƙasa]]]] A lokacin mulkin mallaka, wani lokaci ana kiran wasan ƙwallon ƙafa irin na Ostireliya da ''Australasian rules'', saboda shahararsa a [[Australian rules football in New Zealand|New Zealand]]. An buga wasan a wajen Australasia tun a shekarar 1888, lokacin da 'yan Australiya da ke karatu a [[Edinburgh University]] da [[London University]] suka kafa ƙungiyoyi kuma suka fafata a London.{{sfn|Williamson|2003|pp=138–140}} A wannan shekarar ne aka samu ƙarin yaɗuwar wasan a duniya, lokacin da [[1888 British Lions tour to New Zealand and Australia|ƙungiyar rugby ta Birtaniya ta farko da ta zagaya Kudancin Duniya]] ta buga wasannin dokokin ƙwallon ƙafa irin na Ostireliya a Ostireliya da New Zealand.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Smale |first1=Simon |title=When the Lions first came to Australia, over half their games were Aussie Rules |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-07-12/british-and-irish-lions-played-victorian-rules-football/105291494 |access-date=12 July 2025 |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=11 July 2025 |language=en-AU |archive-date=11 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250711203609/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-07-12/british-and-irish-lions-played-victorian-rules-football/105291494 |url-status=live }}</ref> Zuwa farkon ƙarni na 20, wasan ya bazu tare da [[Australian diaspora|mutanen Ostireliya da suka yi ƙaura zuwa ƙasashen waje]] zuwa [[Australian rules football in South Africa|Afirka ta Kudu]], [[Australian rules football in the United States|Amurka]] da sauran sassan ƙasashen da ake amfani da Ingilishi, amma wannan yaɗuwar ta ragu sosai a lokacin da bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Farko, wanda ya kuma haifar da dakatar da wasan na tsawon shekaru da dama a New Zealand. Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, wasan ya sake samun bunƙasa a yankin Pacific, musamman a [[Australian rules football in Papua New Guinea|Papua New Guinea]] da [[Australian rules football in Nauru|Nauru]], inda yanzu yake matsayin [[national sport|wasan ƙasa]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://afl.com.au/tabid/208/default.aspx?newsid=64399 |title=Team Profile: Nauru Chiefs |first=Chelsea |last=Roffey |author-link=Chelsea Roffey |publisher=Afl.com.au |date=30 July 2008 |access-date=19 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090125142626/http://afl.com.au/tabid/208/default.aspx?newsid=64399 |archive-date=25 January 2009}}</ref> A yau, ana buga wasan a matakin masu son wasa a ƙasashe [[Countries playing Australian rules football|daban-daban]] na duniya. Ƙasashe 23 sun shiga [[Australian Football International Cup]], wanda aka gudanar duk bayan shekaru uku a Ostireliya daga 2002 zuwa 2017. An sake fara gasar ƙasa da ƙasa a shekarar 2024 tare da gasa uku na yankuna: [[AFL Transatlantic Cup|Transatlantic Cup]], [[AFL Asia Cup|Asia Cup]] da [[AFL Pacific Cup|Pacific Cup]].<ref>[https://www.afl.com.au/international International] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250818093309/https://www.afl.com.au/international |date=18 August 2025 }}, AFL. Retrieved 13 August 2025.</ref> Ƙasashe tara kuma sun shiga [[AFL Europe Championship]]. A shekarar 2013, yawan masu shiga a cikin ƙasashe 21 da ke cikin AFL Europe ya wuce 'yan wasa 5,000, mafi yawansu 'yan asalin Turai ne maimakon 'yan Australiya da ke zaune a ƙasashen waje.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/media/press-releases/the-prince-of-wales-becomes-patron-of-afl-europe |title=The Prince of Wales becomes Patron of AFL Europe |date=25 October 2013 |publisher=princeofwales.gov.uk |access-date=3 November 2012 |archive-date=4 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104183003/http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/media/press-releases/the-prince-of-wales-becomes-patron-of-afl-europe |url-status=live }}</ref> Haka kuma wasan yana ƙara samun karɓuwa a Indiya.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rith Basu|first1=Ayan Paul|title=Soccer city gets a taste of Aussie football|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151102/jsp/calcutta/story_50958.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106202859/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151102/jsp/calcutta/story_50958.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 November 2015|access-date=3 November 2015|date=2 November 2015}}</ref> Fiye da ƙasashe 20 suna da alaƙa ko yarjejeniyar aiki tare da AFL.<ref>[http://www.afl.com.au/GameDevelopment/International/tabid/285/Default.aspx AFL International Development] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121141159/http://www.afl.com.au/GameDevelopment/International/tabid/285/Default.aspx |date=21 November 2008 }}</ref> Yawancin ƙungiyoyin da gasannin masu son wasa na ƙasa da ƙasa na yanzu suna Arewacin Amurka, [[Australian rules football in Europe|Turai]] da [[Australian rules football in Asia|Asiya]], yayin da mafi dadewa daga cikinsu galibi suka samo asali ne a shekarun 1980. A wannan shekaru goma, wasan ya samu ɗimbin magoya baya a Amurka lokacin da aka fara watsa wasannin a tashar [[ESPN]] da ke tasowa a lokacin.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Delaney|first1=Tim|last2=Madigan|first2=Tim|title=The Sociology of Sports: An Introduction|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_2900786441692|publisher=McFarland|year=2009|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_2900786441692/page/284 284]–285|isbn=978-0786453153}}</ref> Ƙarin sha'awar duniya ya samu taimako daga [[Australian rules football exhibition matches|wasannin baje kolin]], [[players who have converted from one football code to another|sauyin 'yan wasa daga wani nau'in ƙwallon ƙafa zuwa wani]], da kuma [[multiculturalism in Australia|yanayin al'adu daban-daban na Ostireliya]]. 'Yan wasa da yawa na [[List of overseas-born AFL players|VFL/AFL an haife su ne a ƙasashen waje]], kuma adadin 'yan wasan da ake ɗauka ta hanyoyi daban-daban yana ƙaruwa. Wani sanannen misali shi ne [[Irish experiment]], wanda tun daga shekarun 1980 ya sa 'yan wasan [[Gaelic football]] da yawa barin [[Gaelic Athletic Association|GAA]] na masu son wasa domin su buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa irin na Ostireliya a matsayin ƙwararru. Wannan ya bazu har zuwa wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na mata, inda akwai 'yan wasan Ireland 39 a jerin [[AFL Women's|AFLW]] na [[2025 AFL Women's season|kakar 2025]].<ref>[https://www.afl.com.au/aflw/news/1315928/irish-aflw-stars-set-to-be-impacted-by-tight-turnaround "Irish AFLW stars set to be impacted by tight turnaround"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720011307/https://www.afl.com.au/aflw/news/1315928/irish-aflw-stars-set-to-be-impacted-by-tight-turnaround |date=20 July 2025 }}, AFL. Retrieved 13 August 2025</ref> Ko da yake wasan ƙwallon ƙafa irin na Ostireliya ba wasan Olympics ba ne, an nuna shi a [[Australian football at the 1956 Summer Olympics|MCG]] a matsayin wani ɓangare na [[1956 Summer Olympics]], wanda aka gudanar a Melbourne. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da Brisbane ta karɓi bakuncin [[1982 Commonwealth Games]], an gudanar da wasan baje koli tsakanin Richmond da Carlton a [[The Gabba|Gabba]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Greenberg |first1=Tony |title=When the Tigers won Games gold |url=https://www.richmondfc.com.au/news/269610/when-the-tigers-won-games-gold |website=RichmondFC.com.au |publisher=Richmond Football Club |date=4 April 2018 |access-date=31 July 2022 |archive-date=31 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731163644/https://www.richmondfc.com.au/news/269610/when-the-tigers-won-games-gold |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Tasirin al'adu da shahara== [[File:Yuendumu Gold 23.jpg|thumb|left|Wasan ƙwallon ƙafa irin na Ostareliya ya shahara tsakanin al'ummomin 'yan asalin Ostareliya.]] Wasan ƙwallon ƙafa irin na Ostareliya ya jawo sha'awar 'yan Ostareliya fiye da kowanne irin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sweeneyresearch.com.au/newsPDF/news_pdf_16.pdf |title=Sweeney Sport report for 2006–07 |access-date= 31 March 2021|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080527210104/http://www.sweeneyresearch.com.au/newsPDF/news_pdf_16.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2008 }}</ref> A kakar AFL ta shekarar 2024, matsakaicin yawan masu kallo a kowane wasa ya kai 38,344, abin da ya sanya AFL ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin wasannin wasanni da aka fi samun masu kallo a Ostareliya da ma duniya baki ɗaya.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date= |title=AFL and NRL Break All-Time Attendance Records in 2024 |url=https://ministryofsport.com/afl-and-nrl-break-all-time-attendance-records-in-2024/ |work=Ministry of Sport |location= |publisher= |access-date=23 April 2025 |archive-date=18 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250418162702/https://ministryofsport.com/afl-and-nrl-break-all-time-attendance-records-in-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A wannan shekarar kuma, bayanai sun nuna cewa mutane 1,319,687, wato mutum 1 cikin 20 na 'yan Ostareliya, mambobi ne na ƙungiyar AFL.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jovanovski |first=Jack |date= |title=Vic powerhouse defends title; new No. 2 leapfrogs Eagles: 2024 AFL membership ladder revealed |url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/afl/afl-member-numbers-ladder-2024-club-membership-by-team-club-records-which-club-has-the-most-members-alltime-record-broken-collingwood-magpies-carlton-blues-west-coast-eagles-latest-news/news-story/3d39abb09b01db190be1b2a215552468 |work=Fox Footy |location= |publisher= |access-date=23 April 2025}}</ref> Shafin wasannin da aka fi ziyarta a Ostareliya a shekarar 2023 shi ne na AFL, wanda ya samu ziyara biliyan 1.89 gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date= |title=AFL tops the chart as Australia's most visited sports website; Fox Sports, Sportsbet, NBA, TAB in top 5 |url=https://www.mi-3.com.au/19-01-2024/afl-tops-chart-australias-most-visited-sports-website-fox-sports-sportsbet-nba-tab-top-5 |work=Mi3 |location= |publisher= |access-date=23 April 2025 |archive-date=4 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250604183932/https://www.mi-3.com.au/19-01-2024/afl-tops-chart-australias-most-visited-sports-website-fox-sports-sportsbet-nba-tab-top-5 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kimanin kashi 40% na 'yan Ostareliya masu shekaru 14 ko fiye suna kallon wasannin AFL a talabijin, ko dai lokaci-lokaci ko kuma akai-akai.<ref name=roytv>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=18 March 2025 |title=AFL stretches lead over NRL in TV viewership despite NRL's rise |url=https://www.roymorgan.com/findings/9842-afl-vs-nrl-2023-24 |work=Roy Morgan |location= |publisher= |access-date=23 April 2025 |archive-date=13 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513194634/https://www.roymorgan.com/findings/9842-afl-vs-nrl-2023-24 |url-status=live }}</ref> Gasar AFL ta shekarar 2024 ita ce watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin na kyauta da aka fi kallo a Ostareliya a waccan shekarar, inda mutane miliyan 4 suka kalli watsa shirye-shiryen Seven a gidajensu;<ref>{{cite news |last=Snape |first=Jack |date=29 December 2024 |title=Which sport won 2024? Australian audiences feast on free-to-air despite streaming boom |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/dec/29/australia-sport-tv-ratings-2024-afl-nrl-olympics |work=The Guardian |location= |publisher= |access-date=23 April 2025}}</ref> yayin da jimillar masu kallon talabijin ta kai aƙalla 7,569,000.<ref name=roytv/> Yarjejeniyar haƙƙin watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin ta AFL ta yanzu da Seven da Foxtel ta kai darajar dala biliyan 4.5 na Ostareliya, wadda ita ce mafi girma da aka taɓa samu a ƙasar.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mark |first=David |date=6 September 2022 |title=AFL announces 'unprecedented' $4.5 billion broadcast deal with Seven, Foxtel |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-09-06/afl-confirms-unprecedented-4-5-billion-television-broadcast-deal/101410752 |work=ABC News |location= |publisher= |access-date=23 April 2025}}</ref> Dangane da yawan masu shiga wasan, akwai aƙalla 'yan wasa 581,000 da aka yi wa rajista a Ostareliya a shekarar 2024. Wannan adadi ya haɗa da wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na al'umma a matakan yara, matasa da manya, da kuma shirye-shirye kamar [[Footy 9s]].<ref name=ministry/> Daga cikin yaran Ostareliya masu shekaru 0–14, wannan wasa shi ne na biyar mafi yawan shahara, bayan iyo, ƙwallon ƙafa, kwallon kwando da wasan motsa jiki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2024 |title=Clearinghouse for sport: Ausplay National Sport and Activity Physical Participation Report 2023-24 |url=https://www.clearinghouseforsport.gov.au/research/ausplay/results#data_tables_br_july_2023_june_2024 |access-date=24 April 2025 |website=Australian Sports Commission |archive-date=11 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250211094859/https://www.clearinghouseforsport.gov.au/research/ausplay/results#data_tables_br_july_2023_june_2024 |url-status=live }}</ref> Mata da 'yan mata suna da kaso 20% na dukkan rajistar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na al'umma.<ref name=ministry>{{cite news |last= |first= |date= |title=AFL Breaks Participation Record, Reflecting Strong Grassroots Growth |url=https://ministryofsport.com/afl-breaks-participation-record-reflecting-strong-grassroots-growth/ |work=Ministry of Sport |location= |publisher= |access-date=23 April 2025 |archive-date=4 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250604183913/https://ministryofsport.com/afl-breaks-participation-record-reflecting-strong-grassroots-growth/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="AFL Report 2024">{{cite web| url = https://www.afl.com.au/annual-reports/2024| title = AFL Annual Reports| access-date = 23 April 2025| archive-date = 29 March 2025| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20250329191634/https://www.afl.com.au/annual-reports/2024| url-status = live}}</ref> ===A cikin fasaha da al'adun jama'a=== [[File:Tandy Fleiter Cazaly.jpg|thumb|upright|Haɗin 'yan wasan South Melbourne na shekarun 1920 a matsayin masu ɗaga ƙwallo, daga hagu zuwa dama: Mark Tandy, Fred Fleiter da Roy Cazaly. Fleiter ne ya ƙirƙiri kalmar "Up there, Cazaly!" a matsayin alamar kiran Cazaly ya yi tsalle domin samun ƙwallon. Daga baya kalmar ta shiga cikin harshen yau da kullum a matsayin kalmar ƙarfafawa, kuma sojojin Ostareliya sun yi amfani da ita a matsayin taken yaƙi a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu. Har yanzu ana san kalmar sosai ta hanyar waƙar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ostareliya da Mike Brady ya fitar a shekarar 1979 mai suna [[Up There Cazaly]].]] Wasan ƙwallon ƙafa irin na Ostareliya ya zaburar da ayyukan marubuta da mawaƙa da dama, ciki har da C. J. Dennis, Helen Garner, Peter Goldsworthy da Kerry Greenwood.<ref name="double">{{Citation|author=Alomes, Stephen |year=2007 |title=The Lie of the Ground: Aesthetics and Australian Football |journal=Double Dialogues |publisher=[[Deakin University]] |issue=8 |issn=1447-9591 |url=http://www.doubledialogues.com/archive/issue_eight/alomes.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602204039/http://www.doubledialogues.com/archive/issue_eight/alomes.html |archive-date=2 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Heath |first=Nicola |date=3 December 2024 |title=New Helen Garner book The Season uses football to create a tender portrait of youthful masculinity |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-12-03/helen-garner-new-book-the-season-review/104673484 |work=ABC News |location= |publisher=ABC |access-date=3 April 2025 |archive-date=16 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250516025008/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-12-03/helen-garner-new-book-the-season-review/104673484 |url-status=live }}</ref> Masana tarihi Manning Clarke da Geoffrey Blainey sun rubuta abubuwa da yawa game da wannan wasa. [[Glossary of Australian rules football|Kalmomin salon magana da ake amfani da su a wasan ƙwallon ƙafa irin na Ostareliya]] sun yi tasiri sosai a kan [[Australian English|Turancin Ostareliya]], inda wasu kalmomi suka samu sabbin ma'anoni a wajen harkokin wasanni; misali, "[[wikt:guernsey#Noun|get a guernsey]]" na nufin samun karɓuwa ko amincewa, yayin da "[[wikt:shirt-front|shirt-fronting]]" mutum ke nufin tunkarar mutum ko fuskantar sa da ƙarfi.<ref>[https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/shirtfronting "Shirtfronting"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327110815/https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/shirtfronting |date=27 March 2023 }}, Cambridge Dictionary. Retrieved 29 March 2022.</ref> [[File:Nicky Winmar statue.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Mutum-mutumin ɗan asalin Ostareliya kuma ɗan cikin Hall of Fame, Nicky Winmar, yana nuna fatarsa a shekarar 1993 a matsayin zanga-zangar adawa da wariyar launin fata; an kafa mutum-mutumin a wajen Perth Stadium a shekarar 2019.]] A shekarar 1889, mai zanen hotuna na [[Heidelberg School|salon impressionism na Ostareliya]], Arthur Streeton, ya zana wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa ''[[en plein air]]'' a lokacin [[9 by 5 Impression Exhibition]], inda ya ba ɗaya daga cikin ayyukansa suna ''The National Game''.<ref>Clark, Jane (1985). ''Golden Summers: Heidelberg and Beyond'', pp. 112–117</ref> Zane-zanen Sidney Nolan (''[[Footballer (painting)|Footballer]]'', 1946) da John Brack (''[[Three of the Players]]'', 1953) sun taimaka wajen tabbatar da wasan ƙwallon ƙafa irin na Ostareliya a matsayin muhimmin batu ga masu zanen zamani,<ref>McAullife, Chris (1995). "Eyes on the Ball: Images of Australian Rules Football", ''[[Art & Australia]]'' (Vol 32 No 4), pp. 490–500</ref> yayin da masu fasahar zane na [[contemporary Indigenous Australian art|'yan asalin Ostareliya]] da dama suka yi nazarin wasan, sau da yawa suna haɗa shi da tatsuniyoyi da al'adun yankunansu.<ref>Heathcote, Christopher (August 2009). "Bush Football: The Kunoth Family", ''Art Monthly'' (Issue 222).</ref><ref>Angel, Anita (23 November 2009). [http://www.cdu.edu.au/advancement/artcollection/lookingatart_dec.html "Looking at Art"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523230557/http://www.cdu.edu.au/advancement/artcollection/lookingatart_dec.html |date=23 May 2014 }}, [[Charles Darwin University]] Art Collection & Art Gallery. Retrieved 23 May 2014.</ref> Vincent Namatjira ya lashe [[Archibald Prize]] na shekarar 2020 saboda zanen hoton Adam Goodes.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sprague |first=Quentin |date=1 February 2021 |title=The paintbrush is a weapon: Vincent Namatjira |url=https://www.themonthly.com.au/issue/2021/february/1612098000/quentin-sprague/paintbrush-weapon-vincent-namatjira |access-date=1 April 2025 |website=[[The Monthly]] |archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103010907/https://www.themonthly.com.au/issue/2021/february/1612098000/quentin-sprague/paintbrush-weapon-vincent-namatjira |url-status=live }}</ref> A fannin zane-zanen barkwanci, fastocin WEG na gasar cin kofin VFL/AFL da aka fara samarwa a shekarar 1954 sun samu matsayi na musamman a tsakanin masoyan ƙwallon ƙafa na Ostareliya.<ref>Rielly, Stephen (30 December 2008). [http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/cartoonist-spoke-to-afl-tribe/story-e6frg7mx-1111118433741 "Cartoonist William Ellis Green spoke to AFL tribe"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209112540/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/cartoonist-spoke-to-afl-tribe/story-e6frg7mx-1111118433741 |date=2014-02-09 }}, ''The Australian''. Retrieved 5 December 2013.</ref> Ana samun [[List of Australian rules football statues|mutum-mutuman wasan ƙwallon ƙafa irin na Ostareliya]] a sassa daban-daban na ƙasar, wasu daga cikinsu an gina su ne bisa shahararrun hotuna, ciki har da tsallen Haydn Bunton Sr., gudun Jack Dyer da kuma Nicky Winmar yana ɗaga rigarsa.<ref>Green, Warwick (16 September 2018). [https://www.theage.com.au/sport/afl/from-photo-to-statue-winmar-s-stance-still-powerful-20180916-p5043f.html "From photo to statue: Winmar's stance still powerful"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331170750/https://www.theage.com.au/sport/afl/from-photo-to-statue-winmar-s-stance-still-powerful-20180916-p5043f.html |date=31 March 2022 }}, ''The Age''. Retrieved 31 March 2022.</ref> A shekarun 1980, wasu gungun masu gine-ginen [[postmodern]] da ke Melbourne sun fara saka alamomin da suka shafi wasan ƙwallon ƙafa irin na Ostareliya a cikin gine-ginensu, misali [[RMIT Building 8|Building 8]] na Edmond da Corrigan.<ref>Reinmuth, Gerard (2019). "Reflection on Wars Past". In ''Sydney vs Melbourne''. UTS Architecture, p. 54. {{isbn|978-3-16-148410-0}}.</ref><ref>Van Schaik, Leon (1996). In ''Building 8: 10 Essays''. Schwarz Transition, pp. 48–53. {{isbn|978-1-863-95314-6}}.</ref> Wasannin rawa da suka samo asali daga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa irin na Ostareliya sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ballet na Robert Helpmann na shekarar 1964 mai suna ''[[The Display]]'', wanda shi ne aikinsa na farko kuma mafi shahara da ya yi wa [[The Australian Ballet]].<ref>Douglas, Tim (30 August 2012). [http://www.theaustralian.com.au/arts/ballets-former-glories-show-footys-left-its-mark/story-e6frg8n6-1226461140091 "Ballet's former glories show footy's left its mark"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121130512/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/arts/ballets-former-glories-show-footys-left-its-mark/story-e6frg8n6-1226461140091 |date=21 January 2015 }}, ''The Australian''. Retrieved 8 June 2014.</ref> Wasan ya kuma zaburar da fitattun wasannin kwaikwayo kamar ''[[And the Big Men Fly]]'' (1963) na Alan Hopgood da ''[[The Club (play)|The Club]]'' (1977) na David Williamson, wanda aka [[The Club (1980 film)|mayar da shi fim a shekarar 1980]], wanda Bruce Beresford ya jagoranta. Waƙar Mike Brady ta shekarar 1979 mai suna "[[Up There Cazaly]]" ana ɗaukarta a matsayin waƙar taken ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ostareliya, kuma ana samun ambaton wasan a cikin ayyukan shahararrun mawaƙa, daga mawaƙi kuma marubucin waƙoƙi Paul Kelly zuwa ƙungiyar alternative rock TISM.<ref>Worrell, Shane (3 April 2010). [http://www.bendigoadvertiser.com.au/news/local/sport/general/modern-footy-not-in-tune/1793202.aspx?storypage=2 "Modern footy not in tune"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924105026/https://www.bendigoadvertiser.com.au/story/708100/modern-footy-not-in-tune/ |date=24 September 2021 }}, ''[[Bendigo Advertiser]]''. Retrieved 5 December 2013.</ref> Wasu kuma, kamar Kevin Parker na Tame Impala, sun rubuta waƙoƙi domin ƙungiyar AFL da suke so.<ref>{{cite news |last=Newstead |first=Al |date=24 May 2021 |title=Tame Impala's Kevin Parker writes new song for Fremantle Dockers |url=https://www.abc.net.au/triplej/news/tame-impala-kevin-parker-new-afl-song-for-fremantle-dockers/13356372 |work=Triple J |location= |publisher=ABC |access-date=1 April 2025 |archive-date=4 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250604183913/https://www.abc.net.au/triplej/news/tame-impala-kevin-parker-new-afl-song-for-fremantle-dockers/13356372 |url-status=live }}</ref> An fitar da wasannin bidiyo da dama na wasan ƙwallon ƙafa irin na Ostareliya, musamman jerin wasannin [[AFL (video game series)|AFL]]. ==Zauren Shahararrun 'Yan Wasan Ƙwallon Ƙafa na Ostareliya== A bikin cika shekaru ɗari na VFL/AFL a shekarar 1996, an kafa Zauren Shahararrun 'Yan Wasan Ƙwallon Ƙafa na Ostareliya. A wannan shekarar, an shigar da manyan mutane 136 daga gasa daban-daban cikin zauren. Tun daga lokacin da aka kafa zauren, a kowace shekara wani kwamiti yana zaɓar ƙaramin rukuni na 'yan wasa da yake ganin sun cancanci wannan babbar karramawa, wanda ya sa adadin waɗanda aka shigar cikin zauren ya haura 300 a shekarar 2024. Baya ga Zauren Shahararrun 'Yan Wasan Ƙwallon Ƙafa, ana zaɓar wasu mambobi domin ba su matsayi na musamman na ''[[Australian Football Hall of Fame#Legends|Legend]]''. Saboda ƙa'idar da ta takaita yawan 'yan wasan da za su samu matsayin Legend zuwa kashi 10% na jimillar waɗanda aka shigar cikin Zauren Shahararrun 'Yan Wasan Ƙwallon Ƙafa, a shekarar 2024 akwai 'yan wasa 32 ne kawai da suke da wannan matsayi a zauren.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AFL – News, Fixtures, Scores & Results |url=https://www.afl.com.au/hall-of-fame/legends |access-date=2023-11-12 |website=afl.com.au |language=en |archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529023016/https://www.afl.com.au/hall-of-fame/legends |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-15 |title=Hawks great Jason Dunstall joins Hall of Fame Legends |url=https://www.afl.com.au/news/1110065/hawthorn-hawks-champion-jason-dunstall-elevated-to-legend-status-in-australian-football-hall-of-fame |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=afl.com.au |language=en |archive-date=2 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502170604/https://www.afl.com.au/news/1110065/hawthorn-hawks-champion-jason-dunstall-elevated-to-legend-status-in-australian-football-hall-of-fame |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-15 |title=Jason Dunstall's epic resume complete after elevation to Legend status in Australian Football Hall of Fame |url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/afl/afl-2024-jason-dunstall-elevated-to-legend-status-in-the-australian-football-hall-of-fame-latest-news/news-story/66e5b534a7a4ef279dd1d0ce30bd0c1e |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=Fox Sports |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} mnz0qjrbr9mbxg4ikec9jf9vzatg9os 0 168850 975019 961316 2026-11-01T20:25:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Chris Reed''' ƙwararre ne a fannin gine-ginen ƙasa da kuma birane a Amurka. Farfesa ne a fannin Ayyukan Tsarin Gine-gine na Landscape a Makarantar Digiri ta [[Jami'ar Harvard]] kuma darakta ne na biyu na Shirin Tsarin Gine-gine na Landscape a Tsarin Birane. Shi ne kuma wanda ya kafa Stoss Landscape Urbanism, wani kamfanin gine-gine na shimfidar wuri da kuma tsarin birane a Boston da Los Angeles, Amurka. == Sana'a == === Ƙwararren === Ya kammala karatunsa a Kwalejin Harvard da kuma Makarantar Zane ta Jami'ar Pennsylvania . Aikin da aka gudanar ta hanyar Stoss Landscape Urbanism tare ya haɗa da shirye-shiryen farfaɗo da birane, ƙoƙarin jure yanayi da daidaitawa, shawarwari na hasashe, daidaitawa da kayayyakin more rayuwa da tsoffin wuraren masana'antu, shimfidar wurare masu ƙarfi da wadata, wuraren jama'a masu haske waɗanda ke haɓaka bambancin amfani da zamantakewa da al'adun gargajiya, da kuma shimfidar wurare da yawa. Manyan ayyuka kamar Detroit Future City, Michigan, <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 February 2017 |title=Planning and Designing Beyond Equity in Cities Across America {{!}} Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum |url=https://www.cooperhewitt.org/2017/02/20/22454/ |website=Cooper Hewitt}}</ref> da Tsarin Tsarin Chouteau Greenway, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gray |first=Bryce |date=2 May 2018 |title=Design team chosen for proposed Chouteau Greenway pedestrian and cycling path |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/design-team-chosen-for-proposed-chouteau-greenway-pedestrian-and-cycling-path/article_178b27a7-ff32-5dad-b7c2-3a33e25c30ef.html |website=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |language=en |access-date=11 September 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260312203722/https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/design-team-chosen-for-proposed-chouteau-greenway-pedestrian-and-cycling-path/article_178b27a7-ff32-5dad-b7c2-3a33e25c30ef.html |archive-date=12 March 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> dabarun tushen tsarin shaida na St. Louis waɗanda ke samar da ingantattun ababen more rayuwa, gidaje da kuma ayyukan sararin samaniya masu sassauci. Aikin Harvard Plaza, Cambridge, Massachusetts ya tabbatar da fahimtar zamantakewa a cikin ƙirar kayayyakin more rayuwa masu sassauƙa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2012 |title=A "Common Space" at Harvard's Crossroads |url=https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2012/11/community-space-at-harvards-crossroads |publisher=Harvard Magazine}}</ref> Ayyukan da aka yi a baya waɗanda za a iya tsara taswirar hanyar aikinsa sun haɗa da Lower Don Lands a kan gabar ruwa ta Toronto, Ontario. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Riano |first=Quilian |last2=Reed |first2=Chris |date=2011 |title=Landscape Optimism: An Interview with Chris Reed |url=https://placesjournal.org/article/landscape-optimism-an-interview-with-chris-reed/?cn-reloaded=1 |journal=Places Journal |issue=2011 |doi=10.22269/110920 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jack Layton Ferry Terminal and Harbour Square Park Entries: Stoss Landscape Urbanism, nARCHITECTS, ZAS Architects |url=https://urbantoronto.ca/news/2015/03/jack-layton-ferry-terminal-and-harbour-square-park-entries-stoss-landscape-urbanism-nar.15347 |website=UrbanToronto}}</ref> Aikin Reed na farko ya kasance tare da George Hargreaves a Hargreaves Associates, inda ya jagoranci ayyuka kamar Jami'ar Cincinnati Master Plan da ke Louisville Waterfront Park, da kuma Clinton Presidential Park. === Ilimi === A halin yanzu farfesa ne a fannin Aikin Gine-gine na Landscape a Makarantar Digiri ta Jami'ar Harvard kuma darakta ne na biyu na Master of Landscape Architecture in Urban Design Program. <ref name="har">{{Cite web |title=Chris Reed |url=https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/person/chris-reed/ |website=Harvard Graduate School of Design}}</ref> Kwarewarsa ta koyarwa a baya ta haɗa da ziyartar guraben malamai a Sashen Gine-gine na Ƙasa a RISD a shekarun 2000 da 2003, Makarantar Gine-gine ta Jami'ar Florida ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa a 2004, <ref>{{Cite web |title=URI's fall community planning lecture series concludes with discussion of 'Public Works Practice,' Nov. 10 |url=https://www.uri.edu/news/2005/10/uris-fall-community-planning-lecture-series-concludes-with-discussion-of-public-works-practice-nov-10/ |publisher=University of Rhode Island}}</ref> Malamin da ke Kula da Ɗakin Aiki a Jami'ar Toronto a 2006 da Malami daga 2000 zuwa 2008 da Farfesa Mai Taimako daga 2008 zuwa 2009 a Sashen Gine-gine na Ƙasa a Makarantar Zane ta Jami'ar Pennsylvania . <ref name="har" /> == Ganewa == Ya sami kyautar zane ta ƙasa ta Cooper-Hewitt a fannin gine-ginen shimfidar wuri ta 2012, memba na ƙungiyar masu zane-zanen shimfidar wuri ta Amurka, Mercedes T. Bass Landscape-Architect-in-Residence ta 2017 a Kwalejin Amurka da ke Rome . <ref>{{Cite web |title=All Fellows |url=https://www.aarome.org/society-of-fellows/directory |website=American Academy in Rome |language=en}}</ref> Ya kasance memba na Majalisar Kula da Yanayi ta Cibiyar Van Alen, wani dandali na musayar ra'ayi tsakanin manyan kwararru don bincike da kuma magance matsalolin da suka shafi yanayi tare. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chris Reed |url=https://www.vanalen.org/person/chris-reed/ |website=Van Alen Institute}}</ref> Reed ya lashe kyautar 2018 ta Tsarin Gine-ginen Yanayi na Duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2018 |title=Chris Reed and Stoss Landscape Urbanism win 2018 World Landscape Architecture Award of Excellence |url=https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/2018/04/chris-reed-and-stoss-landscape-urbanism-win-2018-world-landscape-architecture-award-of-excellence/ |website=Harvard Graduate School of Design |access-date=11 September 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250619033548/https://www.gsd.harvard.edu/2018/04/chris-reed-and-stoss-landscape-urbanism-win-2018-world-landscape-architecture-award-of-excellence/ |archive-date=19 June 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Littattafai da aka zaɓa == * Reed, C. da Belleme, M. (2021). Mise-en-Scéne: Rayuwa da Rayuwar Bayan Lahira ta Yanayin Birane. San Francisco: Bugawa ta ORO. * Reed, C. da Lister, N.-M. E. (2020). Muhalli Masu Haɓaka: Muhalli, Bincike, da Zane a Zamanin Yanayi. Edita na 2. Cambridge: Makarantar Digiri na biyu ta Zane/Masu Buga Littattafai ta Jami'ar Harvard. * Reed, C., Canty, S., Keenan. J da Song. , L. (2019) Miamis da yawa. Cambridge: Makarantar Digiri na biyu ta Zane/Masu Buga Littattafai ta Jami'ar Harvard; New York. * Reed, C. (2016) Sake Gyaran Babban Birni: Tsarin Yanayi Mai Aiki, Tsarin Birni Mai Fitowa. Cambridge: Makarantar Digiri na Biyu ta Zane ta Jami'ar Harvard. * Reed, C. da Lister, N.-M. E. (2014). Ilimin Halittu Masu Haskakawa. Cambridge: Makarantar Digiri na biyu ta Zane/Masu Buga Littattafai ta Jami'ar Harvard; New York. * Reed, C. (2007). STOSS LU Monograph. Seoul, Koriya: Mai Bugawa na C3 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] o21ubwij7c9b2y4ofdtlqlm65ot3z4l 0 169009 975011 961296 2026-11-01T20:04:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chinwe Okoli''' ƙwararriyar Najeriya ce a fannin manufofin gwamnati da nazari. Ita ce Mai Ba Gwamnan Jihar Anambra, Farfesa Charles Soludo, Shawara ta Musamman kan Ƙirƙire-ƙirƙire da Shirye-shiryen Bunƙasa Kasuwanci. An sake naɗa ta a karo na biyu a wa’adin mulki na biyu na Gwamna Charles Soludo a matsayin Mai Ba da Shawara ta Musamman kan Ƙirƙire-ƙirƙire da Shirye-shiryen Bunƙasa Kasuwanci, sannan Babbar Daraktar Solution Innovation District, a watan Maris na shekarar 2026 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Obianeri |first=Ikenna |date=2026-03-23 |title=Soludo appoints key officials, special advisers |url=https://punchng.com/soludo-appoints-key-officials-special-advisers/ |access-date=2026-04-01 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Premium Times |url=https://premiumtimesng.com/ |access-date=2026-04-01 |website=Premium Times Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Okere |first=Alexander |date=2026-03-23 |title=Gov Soludo Appoints HoS, Attorney-General, Others |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2026/03/23/gov-soludo-appoints-hos-attorney-general-others/ |access-date=2026-04-01 |publisher=Channels Television |language=en}}</ref> Babban Sakataren Yaɗa Labarai na Gwamnatin Jihar Anambra, Christian Aburime, ya tabbatar da kuma sanya hannu kan sake naɗin a ranar 23 ga watan Maris shekarar 2026, bayan fitar da sanarwar hukuma.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-23 |title=Anambra Governor Soludo reappoints Aburime as CPS, Nwankwo Chief of Staff |url=https://apexnewsexclusive.com/anambra-governor-soludo-reappoints-aburime-as-cps-nwankwo-chief-of-staff/ |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=Apex News Exclusive |language=en-US}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Chinwe ya tafi [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka]] kuma yana da B.Sc. a cikin Tattalin Arziki. Ta yi M.Sc. a cikin Manufofin Jama'a da Gudanarwa daga Jami'ar London . Har ila yau, tana da difloma a cikin Gudanar da Cibiyoyin Ilimi mafi girma daga Cibiyar Gudanar da Kasa ta Galili (GIMI), Isra'ila . <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |date=2024-07-12 |title=H. E. Chinwe Okoli from Anambra State Government will be at the National Convention. |url=https://nacos.substack.com/p/h-e-chinwe-okoli-from-anambra-state |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=NACOS National}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ms Okoli ita ce Manajan cibiyar kirkire-kirkire ta farko a [[Najeriya]] wacce ke Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka . Yayinda take can, ta shiga cikin haɗin gwiwar, kuma ta aiwatar da tsarin kasuwanci, tsarin karatu, da kuma cikakken shirin farawa. Ya kamata a tuna cewa a karkashin aikin gwamnati, an fara nada Chinwe Okoli a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Gwamna kan Innovation da Kasuwanci a cikin 2023. An sanya hannu kan wasikar nadin ta ne daga Kwamishinan Bayanai na Jihar Anambra, Mista Paul Nwosu . <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Aimuengheuwa |first=Joan |date=2022-11-08 |title=SOLUDO Appoints Chinwe Okoli as SA on Innovation and Business Incubation |url=https://techeconomy.ng/soludo-appoints-chinwe-okoli-as-sa-on-innovation-and-business-incubation/ |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=Tech {{!}} Business {{!}} Economy |language=en-GB}}</ref> A cewar mujallar Qualitative Magazine, "Nunawar Chinwe Okoli a kan Innovation da Kasuwanci tare da matsayinta na Babban Jami'in Solution Innovation District yana nuna hanyar tunani na gaba ga shugabanci - wanda ya fahimci muhimmiyar rawar kirkire-kirkire, fasaha da kamfanonin matasa a tsara makomar".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Christian |first=Agbo |date=2026-03-24 |title=Soludo's Second Term Sparks Hope—But Calls Grow for Stronger Disability Inclusion in Anambra Governance |url=https://qualitativemagazine.com/soludos-second-term-sparks-hope-but-calls-grow-for-stronger-disability-inclusion-in-anambra-governance/ |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=QUALITATIVE MAGAZINE |language=en-US}}</ref> === Ayyuka === Chinwe ya halarci kuma ya yi magana a taron ministocin OACPS, taron kasuwanci na OACPS (WBAF), taron duniya na masana'antun kimiyya (IASP) a [[Turai]] da Gabas ta Tsakiya da kuma taron kasuwanci na Afirka Caribbean da Pacific (ACP). Ta kasance a taron farawa ta [[Fezbuk|Facebook]]; F8 2019 a [[Silicon Valley]], Amurka. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai magana da baki kan kirkire-kirkire da kasuwanci a Najeriya, [[Faransa]], Ingila, [[Itofiya|Habasha]], [[Senegal]] da [[Kenya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chinwe Okoli |url=https://www.wbaf2020.istanbul/Speaker/Detail/Chinwe-Okoli/152 |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=WBAF2020 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="auto" /> Ta wakilci Najeriya a taron kasa da kasa a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], Ingila, [[Sweden]] da Faransa. Chinwe shine babban mai magana da bayanin kula kuma a kan Tattaunawar Kwamfuta, a kan Takaddun shaida na Kasa, Hanyoyin Cibiyar sadarwa, da kuma horarwa a Yarjejeniyar Nazarin Kwamfuta ta Najeriya (NACOS NATIONAL)! Taron ya gudana ne daga 23 zuwa 25 ga Yuli, 2024.<ref name="auto1" /> A cikin 2023, Ms Chinwe Okoli ta halarci taron IASP na 40 na Duniya kan wuraren shakatawa na kimiyya da yankunan Innovation da aka gudanar a Cibiyar Taron Turai, [[Luksamburg|Luxembourg]] . Yayinda take magana da wakilai game da tsarin halittu na duniya, ta bayyana cewa, "muna so Anambra a san shi da makoma don kirkire-kirkire, Jihar Farawa ta gaba, gida don Talents na dijital, gidan ƙabilar dijital mai basira. "Taken taron shine "Megatrends in Innovation Ecosystems: Menene tasirin STPs da AOIs?"Shugabannin daga kasashe sama da 55 sun halarci taron.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-16 |title=IASP Luxembourg: Chinwe Okoli Speaks On Soludo's Innovation Agenda |url=https://techbuild.africa/iasp-luxembourg-chinwe-okoli-soludos-innovation/ |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=techbuild.africa |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251006105932/https://techbuild.africa/iasp-luxembourg-chinwe-okoli-soludos-innovation/ |archive-date=2025-10-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Chinwe ya kasance a taron masu ruwa da tsaki na kwana ɗaya na Ƙungiyar Kamfanonin Sadarwa na Najeriya (ATCON) a [[Abuja]] tare da MD / Shugaba na Hukumar TIC ta Jihar Anambra, [[Chukwuemeka Fred Agbata]] . Sun wakilci Jihar Anambra kuma sun bayyana cewa, "Jam'ar Anambra ta riga ta kafa ingantaccen tsari don yin aiki. Sun lura cewa jihar tana da manufofi masu kyau don inganta sauƙin yin kasuwanci, kuma yanzu ya rage ga masu aiki don amfani da waɗannan damar. "<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-05 |title=Bridging the Gap: ATCON's strategic stakeholders meeting paves the way for ICT synergy in Nigeria |url=https://news.crossriverstate.gov.ng/bridging-the-gap-atcons-strategic-stakeholders-meeting-paves-the-way-for-ict-synergy-in-nigeria/ |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=Cross River State News |language=en}}</ref> A Taron Kasa da Kasa na 5 da Nunin Kimiyya, Fasaha, Innovation, da Kasuwanci (FAPSCON) a cikin 2023, Chinwe a matsayin babban mai magana da yawun. Jawabin ta mai taken, "Breaking Barriers to Innovation, Local Manufacturing and Technology Development in Nigeria, Shedding light on critical shingen to innovation and technology in Nigeria" yana jaddada cewa "ɗaya daga cikin manyan koma baya ga kirkire-kirkire shine jahilci ga damar da fasaha da kirkire-kire ke bayarwa".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-12 |title=Soludo's Special Adviser, Okoli Expresses Government's Commitment To Innovators |url=https://techtrends.africa/soludos-special-adviser-okoli-expresses-governments-commitment-to-innovators/ |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=techtrends.africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Chinwe ta halarci bikin haɗin gwiwar Shirin Raya Ƙasashe na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (UNDP) da Jihar Anambra, inda aka ƙaddamar da Makerspace domin inganta ƙirƙire-ƙirƙire da bunƙasa tattalin arziƙi a faɗin Jihar Anambra. A yayin bikin, ta bayyana cewa: “Ƙarfin ƙirƙira da samar da sabbin abubuwa a cikin gida ba batun zaɓi ba ne kawai; abu ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci wajen tabbatar da juriyar tattalin arziƙi da bunƙasarsa.”<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-20 |title=Anambra, UNDP unveil Makerspace to boost entrepreneurship, economic growth |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/anambra-undp-unveil-makerspace-to-boost-entrepreneurship-economic-growth/ |access-date=2026-03-31 |language=en-US |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref> == Littattafai == Chinwe yana da wasu wallafe-wallafen da suka hada da:''':''' '''1.''' A Daunting Odyssey . <ref>{{Cite web |year=2026 |title=A Daunting Odyssey Paperback – March 3, 2019 |url=https://www.amazon.com/Daunting-Odyssey-Chinwe-F-Okoli/dp/9789184506 |access-date=2026-03-31 |publisher=Amazon.com}}</ref> 2. Matakala zuwa Kyakkyawan Ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Ladder to Academic Excellence: A Ha... by Okoli, Chinwe Paperback / softback 9781499086621 |url=https://www.ebay.com/itm/306520537536 |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=eBay |language=en-us}}</ref> == Kyautar == An ba Chinwe lambar yabo a matsayin mai cin nasara na mata na jihar Anambra. The Nigeria Association of Women Journalists (NAWOJ), Anambra State Chapter ne ya ba da kyautar a ranar 30 ga Yuli, 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Onwuka |first=Okechukwu |title=NAWOJ HONOURS CHINWE OKOLI AS UPCOMING FEMALE ACHIEVER |url=https://solutiongovernment.ng/2025/07/nawoj-honours-chinwe-okoli-as-upcoming-female-achiever/ |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=Solution Government |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Nassoshi == [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9x37zuew5wrk8oow3eqikzfiz1axbs4 0 169088 974809 928870 2026-11-01T14:52:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bugscope''' wani shirin fadakar da kimiyya ne na yanar gizo wanda ke haɗa ɗakunan ajiyar K-12 tare da masu binciken microscopists a Cibiyar Beckman don Ci gaban Kimiyya da Fasaha a UIUC don bincika kwari a ƙarƙashin microscope mai ƙarfi (SEM). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bugscope homepage |url=https://bugscope.beckman.illinois.edu/ |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=Bugscope |language=en}}</ref> An ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 1998, Bugscope yana bawa ɗalibai damar lura da cikakkun bayanai game da kwari da sauran kwayoyin, suna haifar da son sani da haɓaka binciken kimiyya.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Bugscope' Gives Internet Users Anywhere Chance To Study Insects |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/04/990402073907.htm |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=ScienceDaily |language=en |publication-date=April 2, 1999}}</ref> Shirin ya kai ga dalibai a duniya, yana ba da zaman kai tsaye, na hulɗa wanda ya dace da ka'idodin ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=TAYLOR |first=LUKE |date=2023-12-14 |title=Illini Insider {{!}} Celebrating 25 years of scoping out bugs |url=https://www.news-gazette.com/news/local/university-illinois/illini-insider-celebrating-25-years-of-scoping-out-bugs/article_f54a45c2-dd5b-5104-b224-ecf4967d8fd5.html |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=The News-Gazette |language=en}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kyautar == An ba da kyautar Kimiyya don albarkatun kan layi a Ilimi (SPORE) daga AAAS ga Bugscope saboda tasirinsa akan ilimin kimiyya a cikin 2011. [1] == Manazarta == 7zmtd1f4yhxr5rhc6g4t0596y6lo9pb 0 170460 974761 933327 2026-11-01T13:00:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974761 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Micheal Oladimeji Caxton-Martins''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1997), wanda aka fi sani da '''BlackboyMcm''', dan Najeriya ne, mai watsa labarai, mai karɓar bakuncin taron kuma mai zane-zane.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=1 May 2026 |title=BlackBoyMCM anchors events across Lagos in 2025 |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2026/05/blackboymcm-anchors-events-across-lagos-in-2025/ |access-date=2 May 2026 |website=Vanguard News}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Caxton-Martins a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Najeriya, kuma asalinsa daga karamar hukumar [[Alimosho]] ce ta [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]]. Ya shafe wani ɓangare na farkon shekarunsa a [[Accra]], [[Ghana]] . Ya halarci Kwalejin Hopeful don karatun sakandare sannan daga baya ya yi karatu a [[Buɗaɗɗiyar Jami'a ta Ƙasa, Najeriya|Jami'ar National Open ta Najeriya]] . Ya sami horo a cikin samar da kiɗa da injiniyan sauti, kuma ya sami takardar shaidar gabatarwar watsa shirye-shirye na asali daga [[Gidan Rediyon Tarayyar Najeriya (FRCN)|Kamfanin Rediyo na Tarayya na Najeriya]] tsakanin 2015 da 2016. <ref name="NTB">{{Cite web |date=22 December 2024 |title=Meet BlackboyMCM: Nigerian hypeman making his mark in gospel entertainment |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/meet-blackboymcm-nigerian-hypeman-making-his-mark-in-gospel-entertainment/ |access-date=2 May 2026 |website=Tribune Online}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Caxton-Martins ya fara aikinsa a shekarar 2013 a matsayin mai ba da labari mai ban dariya. A cikin 2017, ya fitar da waƙarsa ta farko ta bishara, Champion, tare da haɗin gwiwar Mai Ceto. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2017 |title=Champion (feat. Saviour) – Single by BlackBoyMCM |url=https://music.apple.com/ng/album/champion-feat-saviour/1748402871?i=1748402873 |access-date=2 May 2026 |website=Apple Music |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260913134215/https://music.apple.com/ng/album/champion-feat-saviour/1748402871?i=1748402873 |archive-date=13 September 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin 2020, ya fitar da rap mai ban dariya mai suna Bread and Beans . <ref name="NTB" /> Bayan wannan, BlacboyMcm ya sauya zuwa watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo da kuma karbar bakuncin taron, kuma daga baya ya kafa kansa a matsayin mai ba da labari, yana mai da hankali kan sa hannun masu sauraro a abubuwan da suka faru. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai zane-zane a kan kamfen ɗin talla da ke da alaƙa da alamomi kamar MTN, [[Coca-cola|Coca-Cola]], da BetKing. Ya kuma ba da gudummawa ga samar da fim, gami da aiki a kan sauti na fim din Najeriya Handicapped, wanda Roy Osuji ya jagoranta. A cikin 2023, ya kafa Kontent Ni Koko, kamfanin samar da abun ciki da rarraba wanda ke cikin sashin kafofin watsa labarai na dijital na Najeriya. A cikin 2024, ya fitar da wani Afro-bishara mai suna The Gospel Through Afro & Hype, tare da haɗin gwiwar DJ Sammy . A wannan shekarar, an zabi shi don Hypeman of the Year a Kingdom Achievers Awards . <ref name="NTB" /> A cikin 2025, ya fitar da wakar The Lord's Prayer, sannan ya biyo bayan ''DTTB''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2025 |title=DTTB - Single by BlackBoyMCM |url=https://music.apple.com/ng/album/dttb/1834924190?i=1834924191 |access-date=2 May 2026 |website=Apple Music}}</ref> Daga baya a cikin 2025, an san BlackboyMcm a cikin nishaɗin kiɗa yayin da ya lashe Hypeman of the Year a Kyautar Masarautar Masarauta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shojobi |first=Abisola |date=24 December 2025 |title=BlackboyMCM wins Gospel Hypeman of the Year at Kingdom Achievers Award 2025 |url=https://independent.ng/blackboymcm-wins-gospel-hypeman-of-the-year-at-kingdom-achievers-award-2025/ |access-date=24 December 2025 |website=Independent Nigeria}}</ref> == Taimako == A cikin 2017, Caxton-Martins ya kafa Street Kids Helping Initiative (SKHI), wanda aka fi sani da Street Love . Shirin yana mai da hankali kan samar da ilimin kwamfuta na asali da horo na fasaha ga yara a cikin al'ummomin da ba su da sabis. Tun daga shekara ta 2018, shirye-shiryen da shirin ya shirya sun kai sama da yara 2,500 a sassa na [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] da [[Jihar Ogun]]. A cikin 2022, aikinsa ta hanyar shirin ya sami karbuwa a Kyautar Masu Sa kai na Najeriya. == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Award !Category !Result |- |2022 |SME100 Africa Awards |Active Citizenship and Government Engagement Award|| {{Won}} |- |2024 |Kingdom Achievers Awards |Hypeman of the Year|| {{Nom}} |- |2025 |Kingdom Achievers Awards |Hypeman of the Year|| {{Won}} <ref>{{cite web |last=Shojobi |first=Abisola |title=BlackboyMCM wins Gospel Hypeman of the Year at Kingdom Achievers Award 2025 |url=https://independent.ng/blackboymcm-wins-gospel-hypeman-of-the-year-at-kingdom-achievers-award-2025/ |website=Independent Nigeria |date=24 December 2025 |access-date=24 December 2025}}</ref> |} == Discography == {| class="wikitable" !Taken !Shekara !Bayani |- |''Gasar'' |2017 |Ba-album guda ba |- |''Gurasa da wake'' |2020 |Ba-album guda ba |- |''Ba ku sami Yesu ba (Hype) '' |2024 |Ba-album guda ba |- |''Oyomi (Hype) '' |2024 |Ba-album guda ba |- |''Ka ƙidaya albarkunka (Maganar Rap) '' |2024 |Ba-album guda ba |- |''Dance Kamar David'' |2024 |Ba-album guda ba |- |''Addu'ar Ubangiji'' |2025 |Ba-album guda ba |- |''DTTB'' |2025 |Ba-album guda ba |} === Mixtapes === {| class="wikitable" !Taken !Shekara !Bayani |- |''Linjila Ta hanyar Afro & Hype'' |2024 |tare da DJ Sammy |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] 0svi2p1binwlrec83o8o8ei2icezv0v 0 170524 975077 973499 2026-11-01T23:50:12Z Alfurqan 14918 975077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta 2031''' za ta kasance karo na 11 na gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA, gasar cin kofin [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata|ta mata]] ta duniya da ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa da ke wakiltar kungiyoyin mambobin [[FIFA]] za su fafata a kai a duk shekara. Gasar za ta kasance ta farko da za ta ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi guda 48 na ƙasa. Ƙasashe Masu masaukin baƙi a gasar za su kasance Mexico, Amurka, Costa Rica, da Jamaica. == Zaɓin mai masaukin baki == Za a yanke hukunci a hukumance kan ƙasar da za ta karɓi baƙuncin gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta 2031 a taron FIFA na goma a ranar 23 ga Nuwambar shekara ta 2026, a Zürich, shekaru biyu bayan zaɓen mai masaukin baki a bugu na 2027. A ranar 5 ga Maris, 2025, Majalisar FIFA ta amince da ka'idojin tayin, wanda ya takaita tayin ga membobin CONCACAF da CAF . <ref>{{Cite web |title=FIFA Council approves unprecedented prize money pot for the FIFA Club World Cup 2025 and takes key decisions on women's competitions |url=https://inside.fifa.com/organisation/fifa-council/media-releases/council-approves-unprecedented-prize-money-pot-club-world-cup-key-decisions-womens-competitions |website=Inside FIFA}}</ref> Muhimman ranakun sun haɗa da: * Maris 31, 2025: Ƙungiyoyin membobi za su gabatar da buƙatunsu don karɓar baƙuncin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta 2031 da 2035 * Afrilu 30, 2025: Ƙungiyoyin membobi za su tabbatar da sha'awarsu ta neman karɓar baƙuncin gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta hanyar gabatar da yarjejeniyar neman baƙunci * Za a gudanar da taron bita na biyu na 2025 da kuma shirin masu sa ido * 28 ga Nuwamba, 2025: Ƙungiyoyin membobi za su gabatar da tayinsu ga FIFA * Fabrairu 2026: FIFA za ta shirya ziyarar duba wuraren da za a yi amfani da su a ƙasashen da ke neman 'yan wasa * Maris 2026: An fitar da rahoton kimanta tayin FIFA * Kwata na 2: Majalisar FIFA ta gabatar da tayin neman shiga gasar * 23 ga Nuwamba, 2026: An naɗa gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta 2031 da 2035 a taron FIFA na goma da za a yi a Zürich, Switzerland A ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 2025, FIFA ta sanar da cewa tayin Amurka shi ne kawai tayin da ya dace, tare da sauran ƙasashen CONCACAF da suka cancanci karɓar bakuncin wasanni. An sanar da tayin Amurka tare da Mexico kuma ta binciki adadi mai yawa na wasanni a Costa Rica da Jamaica. Daga baya Mexico ta shiga Amurka a matsayin mai masaukin baki a ranar 27 ga Mayu, 2025. Costa Rica da Jamaica suma sun shiga gasar a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Soccer Federation, Mexican Football Federation, Costa Rican Football Federation, and Jamaica Football Federation Officially Launch Joint Bid to Host FIFA Women’s World Cup 2031™ |url=https://ussoccer.com/stories/2025/10/us-soccer-federation-mexican-football-federation-costa-rican-football-federation-jamaica-football-federation-officially-launch-joint-bid-host-fifa-womens-world-cup-2031 |website=ussoccer.com}}</ref> Za a yi gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta uku da Amurka za ta karbi bakunci, bayan 1999 da 2003 . Wannan zai zama karo na farko da Mexico za ta karbi bakuncin gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA, wadda za ta sanya ta zama kasa ta bakwai - bayan Sweden, Amurka, Jamus, Faransa, Kanada, da Brazil - da za ta karbi bakuncin gasar cin kofin duniya ta maza da mata, bayan ta karbi bakuncin gasar a shekarun 1970, 1986, da kuma 2026 . Wannan zai zama gasar cin kofin duniya ta manyan 'yan wasa ta FIFA ta farko da za a yi a Costa Rica da Jamaica, kuma ta farko a Amurka ta Tsakiya da Caribbean. Costa Rica za ta zama ƙasa ta farko da za ta karɓi baƙuncin dukkan gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA guda uku, bayan da ta karɓi baƙuncin gasar cin kofin duniya ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 a shekarar 2014 da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 a shekarar 2022 . Wannan zai zama karo na farko da Jamaica ta karbi bakuncin gasar FIFA. Wannan kuma zai zama gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta farko da za a gudanar a kasashe sama da biyu. == Tsari == Fadada gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata daga kungiyoyi 32 zuwa 48 ya zo ne da nasarar gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta 2023, inda aka kara yawan mahalarta daga kungiyoyi 24 zuwa 32. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=FIFA Council takes landmark decisions on the future of the FIFA Women's World Cup and on the fight against racism |url=https://inside.fifa.com/organisation/fifa-council/media-releases/council-landmark-decisions-future-of-womens-world-cup-fight-against-racism |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=Inside FIFA |language=en}}</ref> Saurin ci gaban ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata a shekarun 2020 ya haifar da yuwuwar faɗaɗa gasar bayan da ta yi daidai da gasar cin kofin duniya ta maza. A lokacin taron Majalisar FIFA na ranar 5 ga Maris, 2025, shugaban FIFA [[Gianni Infantino]] ya bayyana cewa za a iya fadada gasar zuwa kungiyoyi 48 dangane da shawarar da aka yanke kafin a zabi mai masaukin baki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2025}} A ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 2025, an faɗaɗa gasar zuwa ƙungiyoyi 48 tun daga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta 2031, an tabbatar da shawarar da aka yanke bayan wata ɗaya a ranar 9 ga Mayu, 2025. <ref name="ESPN-Expansion" /> <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Drury |first=Sam |date=2025-05-09 |title=Women's World Cup to be expanded to 48 teams from 2031 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cr4z0g6e234o |access-date=2025-05-10 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Za a raba ƙungiyoyin zuwa ƙungiyoyi 12 na ƙungiyoyi 4, inda ƙungiyoyi biyu mafi kyau a kowace rukuni da kuma ƙungiyoyi takwas mafi kyau waɗanda suka zo na uku za su shiga sabon zagaye na 32. Jimillar wasannin da aka buga za su ƙaru daga 64 zuwa 104, kuma matsakaicin adadin wasannin da ƙungiyoyin da suka kai wasan ƙarshe za su buga zai ƙaru daga bakwai zuwa takwas. == Wurare == A cikin takardar da ta rubuta game da buƙatun karɓar bakuncin gasar, FIFA ta tanadi cewa gasar da ta ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi 32 za ta ƙunshi aƙalla filayen wasa takwas, waɗanda aƙalla biyar daga cikinsu za su kasance wuraren da ake da su. Filin wasan zai sami mafi ƙarancin damar zama na mutane 20,000 a mafi yawan wasanni, 40,000 a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe, da kuma 65,000 a wasan farko da na ƙarshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 6, 2025 |title=FIFA Women's World Cup 2031 Overview of Hosting Requirements |url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/628c84048c494ca5/original/FWWC-2031-Overview-of-Hosting-Requirements.pdf |access-date=April 20, 2025 |publisher=FIFA |page=4}}</ref> Duk da haka, za a yi ƙarin canje-canje don dacewa da faɗaɗawa zuwa 48. A Costa Rica, birnin da ke da sha'awar shi ne [[San José]] kawai. A Jamaica, birnin da kawai ke sha'awar shine [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] A Mexico, birane 19 suna sha'awar: [[Guadalalajara|Guadalajara]], [[Mexico (birni)|Mexico City]], Monterrey, Pachuca, Querétaro, da Torreón, Juárez León, Necaxa . Puebla [[Tijuana]] Toluca UANL UNAM Atlante [[Tsarin Littafin Taswira|Atlas]] . Cruz Azul . San Luis Potosí (birni) Mazatlán . Kulob ɗin América Femenil A Amurka, yankuna sama da 10,000 da ke da filayen wasa da ake da su sun nuna sha'awa, ciki har da [[Atlanta]], Baltimore, Birmingham, [[Boston]], [[Charlotte, Arewacin Carolina|Charlotte]], Cincinnati, [[Cleveland]], [[Columbus]], Dallas–Fort Worth, [[Denver]], [[Houston]], Indianapolis, Kansas City, [[Los Angeles]], [[Miami]], Minneapolis, Nashville, New York/New Jersey, Orlando, [[Philadelphia]], [[Phoenix]], Salt Lake City, [[San Diego]], San Francisco Bay Area, [[Seattle]], [[St. Louis]], Tampa Bay Area, da [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], Sabon Filin Wasannin Kwallo a RFK Campus a Washington, DC, [[Las Vegas|Las Vegas, Nevada]] Indianapolis, Indiana Jacksonville, Florida [[Ottawa|Ottawa, Ontario]] [[New Orleans|New Orleans, Louisiana]] Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania [[Regina|Regina, Saskatchewan]] [[San Antonio|San Antonio, Texas]] Birmingham, Alabama [[Dallas|Dallas, Texas]] [[Detroit|Detroit, Michigan]] Salt Lake City, Utah [[Chicago|Chicago, Illinois]] . [[Montréal|Montreal, Quebec]] . [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]] [[Calgary|Calgary, Alberta]] . Green Bay, Wisconsin . [[Montréal|Montreal, Quebec]] . [[San Diego|San Diego, California]] . [[Toronto|Toronto, Ontario]] . [[Edmonton|Edmonton, Alberta]] . : Bronx, New York . Harrison, New Jersey . Orlando, Florida . Chester, Pennsylvania . [[Toronto|Toronto, Ontario]] . [[Austin|Austin, Texas]] . Cibiyar Kasuwanci, Colorado . Kansas City, Missouri . Saint Paul, Minnesota . Portland, Oregon . San Jose, Kaliforniya . [[Vancouver|Vancouver, British Columbia]] Birmingham, Alabama St. Petersburg, Florida . BROOKLYN, New York . Dutsen Pleasant, South Carolina Hamtramck, Michigan . Hartford, Connecticut . Indianapolis, Indiana Leesburg, Virginia Louisville, Kentucky {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+[[Miami|Miami, Florida]] Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Pawtucket, Rhode Island Jacksonville, Florida Colorado Springs, Colorado [[El Paso, Texas]] [[Las Vegas|Las Vegas, Nevada]] Lexington, Kentucky Seaside, California Albuquerque, New Mexico Oakland, California [[Irvine, California]] Chandler, Arizona Sacramento, California [[San Antonio|San Antonio, Texas]] [[Tulsa|Tulsa, Oklahoma]] Reno, Nevada Garden City, Idaho [[Dallas|Dallas, Texas]] Rogers, Arkansas Santa Barbara, California Garden City, Idaho Lancaster, California [[Charlotte, Arewacin Carolina|Charlotte, North Carolina]] Chattanooga, Tennessee Corpus Christi, Texas Fort Wayne, Indiana Mount Vernon, New York Madison, Wisconsin Mauldin, South Carolina [[Naples, Florida]] Paterson, New Jersey Knoxville, Tennessee Portland, Maine Richmond, Virginia Lakewood Ranch, Florida Spokane, Washington Omaha, Nebraska Kennesaw, Georgia [[Toronto|Toronto, Ontario]] Foxborough, Massachusetts Highland Heights, Kentucky [[New York (birni)|New York City, New York]] Montclair, New Jersey Chester, Pennsylvania Kennesaw, Georgia Kissimmee, Florida High Point, North Carolina Chattanooga, Tennessee Bridgeview, Illinois Matthews, North Carolina Huntsville, Alabama Fort Lauderdale, Florida [[Oakland City , Oakland]] [[Austin|Austin, Texas]] [[St. Louis|St Louis, Missouri]] [[Denver|Denver, Colorado]] [[Houston|Houston, Texas]] Mansfield, Texas Kansas City, Missouri Saint Paul, Minnesota Fullerton, California Burnaby, British Colombia Portland, Oregon Herriman, Utah Moraga, California Tukwila, Washington Thousand Oaks, California Jacksonville, Florida [[Cleveland|Cleveland, Ohio]] Grand Rapids, Michigan Long Island, New York Brighton, New York [[Evanston Il|Evanston, Illinois]] Centennial, Colorado Cary, North Carolina Louisville, Kentucky [[New York (birni)|New York City, NY]] [[Charlotte, Arewacin Carolina|Charlotte, NC]] [[Washington, D.C.]] Fort Lauderdale, FL Lexington, KY Jacksonville, FL [[Tampa, Florida|Tampa, FL]] Buffalo, NY East Ridge, TN Indianapolis, IN Oakland, CA Madison, WI Spokane, WA List of proposed host cities and sample stadiums !Country !City !Stadium !Capacity !Image |- ! rowspan="14" |{{Flag|United States}} |New York/New Jersey<br /><br /><small>(East Rutherford, New Jersey)</small> |MetLife Stadium |'''82,500'''<br /><br /><small>(bid book: 87,157)</small> |[[File:Argentina_v_Spain_19_July_2026-001.jpg|frameless]] |- |Dallas<br /><br /><small>(Arlington, Texas)</small> |AT&amp;amp;T Stadium{{Double-dagger}} |'''80,000'''<br /><br /><small>(bid book: 92,967)<br /><br />(expandable to 105,000)</small> |[[File:Cowboys_stadium_inside_view_4.JPG|frameless]] |- |Kansas City |Arrowhead Stadium |'''76,416'''<br /><br /><small>(bid book: 76,640)</small> |[[File:ALGvAUS.jpg|frameless]] |- |[[Denver]] |Empower Field at Mile High |'''76,125''' |[[File:SAF_at_Mile_High_AFC_Championship_game_pom-poms.jpg|frameless]] |- |[[Charlotte, Arewacin Carolina|Charlotte]] |Bank of America Stadium |'''75,037''' |[[File:BofACLTFCConfig.jpg|frameless]] |- |[[Houston]] |Reliant Stadium{{Double-dagger}} |'''72,220'''<br /><br /><small>(expandable to 80,000)</small> |[[File:Germany_vs_Curaçao_2026_FIFA_World_Cup.jpg|frameless]] |- |[[Atlanta]] |Mercedes-Benz Stadium{{Double-dagger}} |'''71,000'''<br /><br /><small>(bid book: 75,000)<br /><br />(expandable to 83,000)</small> |[[File:2026_FIFA_World_Cup_Match_72,_DR_Congo_v_Uzbekistan.webp|frameless]] |- |Los Angeles<br /><br /><small>(Inglewood, California)</small> |SoFi Stadium |'''70,240'''<br /><br /><small>(expandable to 100,240)</small> |[[File:2026_FIFA_World_Cup_Match_4,_United_States_v_Paraguay_(stadium_3_hours_before).jpg|frameless]] |- |[[Seattle]] |Lumen Field |'''68,740'''<br /><br /><small>(expandable to 72,000)</small> |[[File:2026_FIFA_World_Cup_-_Belgium_v._Egypt_in_Seattle_-_03.jpg|frameless]] |- |Minneapolis |U.S. Bank Stadium{{Double-dagger}} |'''66,202'''<br /><br /><small>(expandable to 73,000)</small> |[[File:Vikings-US16.jpg|frameless]] |- |[[Washington, D.C.]] |New Stadium at RFK Campus{{Double-dagger}} |'''65,000''' |[[File:New_Stadium_at_RFK_Campus_concept.jpg|frameless]] |- |Orlando |Camping World Stadium |'''60,219'''<br /><br /><small>(expandable to 65,194)</small> |[[File:Citrus_Bowl_Orlando_City.jpg|frameless]] |- |[[San Diego]] |Snapdragon Stadium |'''35,000'''<br /><br /><small>(expandable to 55,000)</small> |[[File:Snapdragon_Stadium_interior-Night_panorama_view_2.jpg|frameless]] |- |Nashville |Geodis Park |'''30,109''' |[[File:Nashville_SC_vs_Portland_Timbers_by_cornfield948_(20220705094311).jpg|frameless]] |- ! rowspan="4" |{{Flag|Mexico}} |[[Mexico (birni)|Mexico City]] |Estadio Banorte |'''87,523''' |[[File:Cancha_del_estadio_Azteca_Ciudad_de_México_durante_la_inauguración_del_Mundial_2026.jpg|frameless]] |- |Monterrey<br /><br /><small>(Guadalupe)</small> |Estadio BBVA |'''53,500'''<br /><br /><small>(bid book: 53,460)</small> |[[File:South_Korea_and_South_Africa_flags_before_their_game_at_World_Cup_2026.jpg|frameless]] |- |Guadalajara<br /><br /><small>([[Zapopan]])</small> |Estadio Akron |'''49,813'''<br /><br /><small>(bid book: 48,071)</small> |[[File:South_Corea_2-Czechia_1_(55334091661).jpg|frameless]] |- |Torreón |Estadio Corona |'''29,101''' |[[File:Tsmmundialsub17.jpg|frameless]] |- !{{Flag|Costa Rica}} |[[San José]] |Costa Rica National Stadium |'''35,000''' |[[File:Estadio_Nacional_de_Costa_Rica.jpg|frameless]] |- !{{Flag|Jamaica}} |[[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] |Independence Park |'''37,500'''<br /><br /><small>(after renovation)<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 18, 2025 |title=Breaking new ground! Jamaica unveils ambitious National Stadium redesign for 2029 completion |url=https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/sports/breaking-new-ground-jamaica-unveils-ambitious-national-stadium-redesign-for-2029-completion/ |publisher=Caribbean National Weekly}}</ref></small> |[[File:Independence_Park.png|frameless]] |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+List of backup host cities and sample stadiums !Country !City !Stadium !Capacity !Image |- ! rowspan="26" |{{Flag|United States}} |[[Los Angeles]] |Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum |'''77,500''' |[[File:USC_vs_University_of_Oregon_November_2019.png|frameless]] |- |Los Angeles<br /><br /><small>(Pasadena, California)</small> |Rose Bowl{{Dagger}} |'''72,000'''<br /><br /><small>(after renovation)</small> |[[File:2018.06.17_Over_the_Rose_Bowl,_Pasadena,_CA_USA_0039_(42855669451)_(cropped).jpg|frameless]] |- |Baltimore |M&amp;amp;T Bank Stadium |'''70,745''' |[[File:M&T_Bank_Stadium_at_night.jpg|frameless]] |- |Tampa Bay<br /><br /><small>([[Tampa, Florida]])</small> |Raymond James Stadium |'''69,218'''<br /><br /><small>(expandable to 75,000)</small> |[[File:RaymondJamesStadium2022.jpg|frameless]] |- |San Francisco Bay Area<br /><br /><small>(Santa Clara, California)</small> |Levi's Stadium |'''68,500'''<br /><br /><small>(bid book: 70,909)<br /><br />(expandable to 75,000)</small> |[[File:Levi's_Stadium_2026_FIFA_World_Cup_Australia_v._Paraguay.jpg|frameless]] |- |[[Philadelphia]] |Lincoln Financial Field{{Dagger}} |'''67,594'''<br /><br /><small>(bid book: 69,328)</small> |[[File:United_States_v_Paraguay,_Copa_América_Centenario_(cropped).jpg|frameless]] |- |Cleveland<br /><br /><small>(Brook Park, Ohio)</small> |New Huntington Bank Field{{Double-dagger}} |'''67,000''' | |- |Boston<br /><br /><small>(Foxborough, Massachusetts)</small> |[[Gillette Stadium]]{{Dagger}} |'''64,628'''<br /><br /><small>(bid book: 70,000)</small> |[[File:Gillette2026.jpg|frameless|Gillette Stadium]] |- |Phoenix<br /><br /><small>(Glendale, Arizona)</small> |State Farm Stadium |'''63,400'''<br /><br /><small>(expandable to 72,200)</small> |[[File:Cardswin1.jpg|frameless]] |- |Nashville |Nissan Stadium{{Double-dagger}} |'''60,000''' |[[File:New_Nissan_Stadium_under_construction.jpg|frameless]] |- |Birmingham |Protective Stadium |'''47,100''' |[[File:Protective_Stadium.jpg|frameless]] |- |San Francisco Bay Area<br /><br /><small>([[San Francisco]])</small> |Oracle Park |'''42,000''' |[[File:Oracle_Park_2021.jpg|frameless]] |- |Los Angeles<br /><br /><small>(Carson, California)</small> |Dignity Health Sports Park{{Dagger}} |'''27,000''' |[[File:LA_Galaxy_vs_Minnesota_United,_Dignity_Health_Sports_Park,_2024.jpg|frameless]] |- |Cincinnati |TQL Stadium |'''26,000''' |[[File:FC_Cincinnati_vs._D.C._United_at_TQL_Stadium_(20210801140432).jpg|frameless]] |- |Orlando |Inter.co Stadium |'''25,500''' |[[File:Orlando_City_Stadium_(04-21-18)_1.jpg|frameless]] |- |New York/New Jersey<br /><br /><small>([[New York (birni)|New York City]])</small> |Etihad Park |'''25,000''' |[[File:Etihad_Park_April_2026.jpg|frameless]] |- |New York/New Jersey<br /><br /><small>(Harrison, New Jersey)</small> |Sports Illustrated Stadium |'''25,000''' |[[File:Red_Bull_Arena_Harrison_behind_goal.jpg|frameless]] |- |Dallas<br /><br /><small>([[Frisco, Texas]])</small> |Toyota Stadium |'''22,500'''<br /><br /><small>(after renovation)</small> |[[File:NewToyotaStadium_interior.jpg|frameless]] |- |[[St. Louis]] |Energizer Park |'''22,423''' |[[File:City_Park,_Saint_Louis.jpg|frameless]] |- |Miami<br /><br /><small>(Fort Lauderdale, Florida)</small> |Inter Miami CF Stadium |'''21,550''' |[[File:DRV_PNK_Stadium_photo_pointing_straight.jpg|frameless]] |- |[[Houston]] |Shell Energy Stadium |'''20,656''' |[[File:Shell_Energy_Stadium_Geometric_Entrance.jpg|frameless]] |- |Salt Lake City<br /><br /><small>(Sandy, Utah)</small> |America First Field |'''20,213''' |[[File:Rio_Tinto_Stadium_home_of_Real_Salt_Lake_is_located_in_Sandy,_UT.JPG|frameless]] |- |[[Columbus]] |ScottsMiracle-Gro Field |'''20,371''' |[[File:Lower.com_Field_Interior_July_3_2021.jpg|frameless]] |- |Indianapolis |Eleven Park |'''20,000''' | |- |[[Washington, D.C.]] |Audi Field |'''20,000''' |[[File:Audi_Field,_June_29_2019.jpg|frameless]] |- |Kansas City |CPKC Stadium |'''11,500'''<br /><br /><small>(expandable to 20,000)</small> |[[File:CPKC_Stadium,_2024.jpg|frameless]] |- ! rowspan="3" |{{Flag|Mexico}} |Monterrey<br /><br /><small>(San Nicolás de los Garza)</small> |Estadio Universitario |'''41,886''' |[[File:Mexico_monterrey_San_Nicolás_de_los_Garza_Estadio_Universitario_1.JPG|frameless]] |- |Querétaro |Estadio Corregidora |'''34,130''' |[[File:Estadio_la_Corregidora.JPG|frameless]] |- |Pachuca |Estadio Hidalgo |'''25,922''' |[[File:Estadio_Hidalgo_22-05-2022.jpg|frameless]] |- !{{Flag|Costa Rica}} |[[San José]] |Estadio Ricardo Saprissa Aymá |'''23,112''' |[[File:Estadio_Ricardo_Saprissa.jpg|frameless]] |} == Ƙungiyoyi == === Cancanta === Kungiyoyin FIFA suna shirya gasannin cancantar shiga gasar, ban da CAF da CONCACAF, waɗanda ke ba da damar shiga gasar zakarun nahiyar.  Masu masaukin baki Costa Rica, Jamaica, Mexico, da Amurka sun cancanci shiga gasar ta atomatik, wanda hakan ya bar yawancin sauran ƙungiyoyin membobin FIFA da suka rage cancanci shiga gasar idan suka zaɓi yin hakan.  * AFC (Asiya): TBD * CAF (Afirka): TBD * CONCACAF (Arewacin Amurka, Tsakiyar Amurka da Caribbean): TBD (ciki har da mai masaukin baki Costa Rica, Jamaica, Mexico, da Amurka ) * CONMEBOL (Amurka ta Kudu): TBD * OFC (Oceania): TBD * [[UEFA]] (Turai): TBD [ a ] === Ƙungiyoyin da suka cancanta === {| class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left col-1left" !Ƙungiyar ! An cancanta a matsayin ! Ranar cancantar shiga ! data-sort-type="number" | Bayyanar<br /><br /><br /><br /> a wasan ƙarshe ! Na ƙarshe<br /><br /><br /><br /> bayyanar ! A jere<br /><br /><br /><br /> layi ! Mafi kyawun aiki na baya |- |{{Nowrap|{{#invoke:flag|fbw|United States}}}} | rowspan="4" | Masu haɗin gwiwa | April 3, 2025 {{Efn|On April 3, 2025, FIFA announced that the United States bid was the only valid bid. However, the formal announcement of the host(s) will be made on November 23, 2026.}} | 10/11 ga wata | 2023 / 2027 | 1/11 | {{Sort|01|'''Champions''' ([[1991 FIFA Women's World Cup|1991]], [[1999 FIFA Women's World Cup|1999]], [[2015 FIFA Women's World Cup|2015]], [[2019 FIFA Women's World Cup|2019]])}} |- | Meziko | May 27, 2025 {{Efn|It was revealed that Mexico joined the United States as co-hosts on May 27, 2025. However, the formal announcement of the host(s) will be made on November 23, 2026.}} | Na huɗu/na biyar | 2015 / 2027 | 1/2 | {{Sort|06|Group stage ([[1999 FIFA Women's World Cup|1999]], [[2011 FIFA Women's World Cup|2011]], [[2015 FIFA Women's World Cup|2015]])}} |- | Kosta Rika | October 20, 2025 {{Efn|It was revealed that Costa Rica and Jamaica joined the United States and Mexico as co-hosts on October 20, 2025. However, the formal announcement of the host(s) will be made on November 23, 2026.}} | Na uku/na huɗu | 2023 / 2027 | 1/3 | {{Sort|06|Group stage ([[2015 FIFA Women's World Cup|2015]], [[2023 FIFA Women's World Cup|2023]])}} |- | Jamaica | October 20, 2025 [ d ] | Na uku/na huɗu | 2023 / 2027 | 1/4 | {{Sort|05|Round of 16 ([[2023 FIFA Women's World Cup|2023]])}} |} == Talla == === Watsa shirye-shirye === * {{Flagu|Canada}} – [[Netflix]] * {{Flagu|China}} – [[China Central Television|CCTV]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=China Media Group confirmed as official broadcaster in China PR for FIFA World Cup 2026™ and FIFA World Cup 2030™ |url=https://inside.fifa.com/tournament-organisation/commercial/fifa-tv/media-releases/origin1904-p.cxm.fifa.com/china-media-group-official-broadcaster-world-cup-2026-2030 |access-date=2026-05-15 |website=inside.fifa.com |language=en}}</ref> * {{Flagu|United States}} – [[Netflix]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 20, 2024 |title=FIFA and Netflix sign historic broadcast deal for 2027 and 2031 editions of FIFA Women's World Cup |url=https://inside.fifa.com/about-fifa/commercial/media-releases/fifa-netflix-historic-broadcast-deal-2027-2031-womens-world-cup |access-date=December 20, 2024 |publisher=FIFA}}</ref> == Kauracewa UEFA == A ranar 30 ga Yuli, 2026, bayan sanarwar FIFA ta FIFA Forward Enterprise (shawarar sayar da hannun jari a ayyukan gasar FIFA, ciki har da na gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA, ga masu zuba jari masu zaman kansu), dukkan ƙungiyoyi 55 na [[UEFA]] sun amince da kauracewa gasar FIFA har sai an janye shawarar kuma an ba da tabbacin cewa ba za a sake gabatar da irin wannan shawarar ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2026 |title=Statement on behalf of UEFA and its 55 national associations |url=https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/02a7-213a92896eb0-54dfbf454e3b-1000--statement-on-behalf-of-uefa-and-its-55-national-associations/ |access-date=30 July 2026 |website=UEFA.com |language=en}}</ref> Kwana guda bayan haka, an soke shawarar, kodayake UEFA ta bayyana cewa, duk da haka, ba ta sake amincewa da shugabancin FIFA ba. UEFA ta dakatar da kauracewa gasar ne na ɗan lokaci a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta bayan ta ba da tabbacin rubutacciyar cewa ba za a gabatar da irin wannan shawara a nan gaba ba, kodayake Kwamitin Zartarwa na UEFA zai sa ido kan abubuwan da ke faruwa tare da dawo da kauracewa gasar idan aka ga ya zama dole. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Martyn |first=Ziegler |title=UEFA calls off threatened boycott of Fifa tournaments |url=https://www.thetimes.com/sport/football/world-cup/article/uefa-calls-off-boycott-of-fifa-tournaments-z9nn7ttnl |access-date=27 August 2026 |website=The Times |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Dale |date=26 August 2026 |title=Football news: Uefa to push forward with plans to remove Gianni Infantino after dropping boycott threat |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/cdj4emmmn9vo |access-date=27 August 2026 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref name="UEFAstatement">{{Cite web |date=27 August 2026 |title=Statement by National Association representatives serving on the UEFA Executive Committee, European FIFA Council members and Presidents of UEFA National Associations |url=https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/02a8-2172f29ac611-86cdfde1849a-1000--statement-by-national-association-representatives-serving-o/ |access-date=4 September 2026 |website=UEFA.com |publisher=UEFA}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nilfa665v7h9zchtdn0ul2jq3pwjbzv 0 170911 975050 934614 2026-11-01T21:27:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975050 wikitext text/x-wiki Cibiyar Nazarin Biodiversity ta Taiwan cibiyar bincike ce a karkashin Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona (Taiwan) . == Tarihi == An kafa Cibiyar Binciken Biodiversity ta Taiwan a cikin 1992 a matsayin Cibiyar Bindindin ta Endemic Species (TESRI). A cikin 1999 an tura shi a ƙarƙashin Majalisar Aikin Gona ta Zartarwa ta Yuan. A cikin 2023 an canza shi zuwa Cibiyar Binciken Biodiversity ta Taiwan (TBRI) a ƙarƙashin Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our story |url=https://www.tbri.gov.tw/en/view.php?theme=web_structure&id=70 |access-date=13 May 2025 |website=tbri.gov.tw |publisher=TBRI |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250520224453/https://www.tbri.gov.tw/en/view.php?theme=web_structure&id=70 |archive-date=20 May 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ayyuka == TBRI tana aiki tare da Taiwan Wild Bird Federation da Cornell Lab na Ornithology a kan Taiwan Bird Atlas . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shan |first=Shelley |title=Help sought for Taiwan Bird Atlas |url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2024/03/14/2003814894 |access-date=13 May 2025 |website=taipeitimes.com |publisher=Taipei Times}}</ref> === Cibiyar Bayanai ta Taiwan Moth === Cibiyar Bayanai ta Taiwan ita ce bayanan bayanai game da asu da malam buɗe ido da TBRI ke kula da su. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2025 yana da shigarwa sama da 800,000 ciki har da samfurori 125,000.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yeh |first=Esme |title=Online database holds 800,000 entries on Taiwanese moths, butterflies: center |url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2025/05/10/2003836649 |access-date=13 May 2025 |website=taipeitimes.com |publisher=Taipei Times}}</ref> === Cibiyar Kula da Kisan Hanyar Taiwan === Cibiyar Kula da Hanyar Taiwan wani shiri ne na kimiyyar ɗan ƙasa wanda Cibiyar Nazarin Biodiversity ta Taiwan ke gudanarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yuan-ting |first=Yang |last2=Yeh |first2=Esme |title=Ministry sets up green iguana control task force |url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2024/12/07/2003828108 |access-date=14 May 2025 |website=taipeitimes.com |publisher=Taipei Times}}</ref> == Bincike == TBRI ta yi bincike kan kwakwa crabs a Tsibirin Green, Taiwan . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomson |first=Jono |title=Wild baby coconut crabs found on Taiwan's Green Island for 1st time |url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/news/4964783 |access-date=13 May 2025 |website=taiwannews.com.tw |publisher=Taiwan News}}</ref> A cikin 2023 masu binciken TBRI sun gano sababbin nau'ikan gizo-gizo guda biyu a Kudancin Taiwan, ''Hioctis parilarilao'' da ''Hogna arborea'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Two new spider species identified |url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2023/11/20/2003809446 |access-date=13 May 2025 |website=Taipei Times}}</ref> A cikin 2024 masu bincike sun gano sabon nau'in ''Angelica'', ''A. aliensis''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CHUNG |first=OSCAR |title=Wild Riches |url=https://www.taiwantoday.tw/Environment/Taiwan-Review/263090/Wild-Riches |access-date=13 May 2025 |website=Taiwan Today}}</ref> Wani binciken da aka buga a shekarar 2025 da masu binciken TBRI suka gano dangantaka mai karfi tsakanin bambancin nau'in tsuntsaye da bambancin wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yeh |first=Esme |title=Landscape, richness of bird species linked: study |url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2025/04/26/2003835856 |access-date=13 May 2025 |website=Taipei Times}}</ref> == Littattafai == Cibiyar ta buga harshen Sinanci Nature Conservation Quarterly . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Edible insect enthusiasts say rules should be eased |url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2024/07/21/2003821113 |access-date=14 May 2025 |website=taipeitimes.com |publisher=Taipei Times}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin nau'ikan jinsuna na Taiwan * Cibiyar Nazarin Aikin Gona ta Taiwan * Cibiyar Nazarin dazuzzuka ta Taiwan * Cibiyar Nazarin Dabbobi ta Taiwan * Tashar Binciken shayi da fadadawa == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} 94tnouccyli8q86mrjt92cndcbj78z6 0 171416 974859 936609 2026-11-01T16:05:03Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974859 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIA''', wacce aka takaita da '''WEC''', gasar tsere ce ta duniya ta juriyar motoci wadda Kungiyar Motoci ta de l'Ouest (ACO) ta shirya kuma Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) ta amince da ita. Jerin wasannin ya maye gurbin tsohon Kofin Intercontinental Le Mans na ACO wanda ya fara a shekarar 2010 kuma shine sake farfaɗo da Gasar Cin Kofin Motar Wasanni ta Duniya wacce ta ƙare bayan kakar wasa ta 1992 . A da, FIA ta yi amfani da sunan Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Dorewa daga 1981 zuwa 1985 . Jerin motocin ya ƙunshi nau'ikan motoci da yawa da ke fafatawa a tseren juriya, tare da samfuran wasanni da ke fafatawa a ajin Hypercar ( LMH ko LMDh ), da kuma motocin da ke yin manyan motoci (GT) waɗanda ke fafatawa a ajin LM GT3 . Ana bayar da kyaututtukan zakaran duniya ga direbobi da masana'antun da suka fi samun maki a kakar wasa, <ref name="FIA WEC">{{Cite web |date=3 June 2011 |title=2012 FIA World Endurance Championship |url=http://fia.com/en-GB/mediacentre/pressreleases/fiasport/2011/Pages/fia-wec.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606063434/http://fia.com/en-GB/mediacentre/pressreleases/fiasport/2011/Pages/fia-wec.aspx |archive-date=6 June 2011 |access-date=4 June 2011 |website=fia.com |publisher=[[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]]}}</ref> <ref name="FIA WMSC">{{Cite web |date=3 June 2011 |title=World Motor Sport Council |url=http://fia.com/en-GB/mediacentre/pressreleases/wmsc/2011/Pages/wmsc-030611.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606063414/http://www.fia.com/en-GB/mediacentre/pressreleases/wmsc/2011/Pages/wmsc-030611.aspx |archive-date=6 June 2011 |access-date=4 June 2011 |website=fia.com |publisher=[[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]]}}</ref> yayin da za a bayar da wasu kofuna da kofuna ga direbobi da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu . <ref name="ACO WEC">{{Cite web |date=9 June 2011 |title=The FIA World Endurance Championship is unveiled! |url=http://www.lemans.org/en/races/24h/update/The-FIA-World-Endurance-Championship-is-unveiled--_4068.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616155004/http://www.lemans.org/en/races/24h/update/The-FIA-World-Endurance-Championship-is-unveiled--_4068.html |archive-date=16 June 2011 |access-date=9 June 2011 |website=lemans.org |publisher=[[Automobile Club de l'Ouest]]}}</ref> Direbobin zamani sun bayyana tseren Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya a matsayin wanda ke da gasa mai ƙarfi, gasa mai ƙarfi a kan hanya a tsawon lokacin taron, tare da ci gaba da cin nasara da kuma tsere mai ƙarfi a duk matakai na tseren. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Behind the Scenes of Endurance Racing ft. Porsche Penske |url=https://www.fanamp.com/articles/wec-cota-porsche-penske-insider-2025 |access-date=2026-02-02 |website=www.fanamp.com |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi == An fara gudanar da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Juriya a shekarar 2012 a matsayin madadin Gasar Cin Kofin Intercontinental Le Mans, <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=FIA announces World Endurance Championship |url=http://www.planetlemans.com/2011/06/03/fia-announces-world-endurance-championship/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018211324/http://www.planetlemans.com/2011/06/03/fia-announces-world-endurance-championship/ |archive-date=18 October 2011 |access-date=12 November 2011 |publisher=Planetlemans.com}}</ref> bayan tsarin da aka saba da shi kuma yana da tseren juriya guda takwas a duk faɗin duniya, ciki har da tseren awanni 24 na Le Mans . <ref name="FIA WMSC" /> Akwai nau'i huɗu: samfuran LMP1 da LMP2 tare da manyan masu yawon buɗe ido na GTE, waɗanda aka raba zuwa GTE Pro ga ƙungiyoyi masu jerin direbobi na ƙwararru, da kuma GTE Am ga ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke nuna gaurayen direbobin da ba su da ƙwarewa. Ganin yadda masana'antun ke fuskantar raguwar sha'awarsu a cikin ajin LMP1 bayan kakar wasa ta 2017, FIA ta ba da umarnin yin bincike kan ƙa'idodi na gaba na manyan rukunin gasar. Shawarar da aka sani da Le Mans Hypercar (LMH), ta yi kira da a daina amfani da samfurin Le Mans Prototype kuma a rage dogaro da fasahar zamani. An tsara shawarar ne don ta sa gasar ta zama mafi jan hankali ga masana'antun motoci, kuma ta ambaci samfuran manyan motoci kamar Aston Martin Vulcan da McLaren Senna GTR a matsayin misalan motocin da sabbin ƙa'idojin ke fatan jawo hankalinsu. [1] [2] Ajin Hypercar ya fara bayyana a kakar wasa ta 2021, tare da shigar LMH daga Alpine, Glickenhaus da Toyota. [3] Daga 2023, masu shiga gasar LMDh za su iya yin gasa ta cikakken lokaci a cikin ajin Hypercar tare da LMH. [4] A shekarar 2021, ACO ta sanar da cewa jerin za su rabu da nau'ikan LMGTE guda biyu, bayan raguwar sha'awar masana'anta cikin sauri. Kakar wasa ta 2022 za ta kasance ta ƙarshe ajin LMGTE Pro, kuma daga 2024, za a maye gurbin LMGTE Am da wani nau'in GT3, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "GT3 Premium" wanda ke nuna sauya kayan aikin jiki daga injinan GT3 na yau da kullun. <ref>{{Cite web |title=GT3 cars to replace GTE class at Le Mans from 2024 |url=https://www.motorsport.com/wec/news/gt3-cars-to-replace-gte-class-at-le-mans-from-2024/6650861/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823185237/https://www.motorsport.com/wec/news/gt3-cars-to-replace-gte-class-at-le-mans-from-2024/6650861/ |archive-date=23 August 2021 |access-date=20 August 2021 |website=www.motorsport.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=WEC drops GTE Pro class for 2023 |url=https://www.autosport.com/wec/news/wec-drops-gte-pro-class-for-2023/10319413/ |access-date=10 August 2022 |website=www.autosport.com |language=en}}</ref> A cewar shugaban Hukumar Kula da Lafiyar Jama'a ta FIA, Richard Mille, FIA na da nufin samar da wani nau'in da ya mayar da hankali kan abokan ciniki inda masana'antun ba za su iya shiga a hukumance ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lloyd |first=Daniel |title=ACO's Future GT Class Set to Prohibit Factory Entries – Sportscar365 |url=https://sportscar365.com/lemans/wec/future-gt-class-set-to-prohibit-factory-teams/ |access-date=26 August 2021 |website=sportscar365.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Shekarar 2024 ta zama kakar wasa ta farko a tarihin jerin wasannin da ajin LMP2 ba zai fito a kan layin yanar gizo ba, saboda karuwar bukatar shiga cikakken kakar wasa don Hypercar da kuma ajin LMGT3 mai zuwa. Rukunin ya ci gaba da kasancewa cibiyar tsaro ta Awa 24 ta Le Mans, tare da akalla ramuka 15 da aka ajiye a kan grid ɗin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Klein |first=Jamie |last2=Watkins |first2=Gary |date=9 June 2023 |title=LMP2 class axed by WEC for 2024, but will stay at Le Mans |url=https://www.motorsport.com/wec/news/lmp2-axed-2024-hypercar-lmgt3/10480550/ |access-date=23 May 2025 |website=[[Motorsport.com]] |publisher=[[Motorsport Network]]}}</ref> == Tsarin == Za a yanke hukunci a kan kambuna guda huɗu kuma a bayar da su a kakar wasa ta yanzu (kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2026) bisa ga jimillar maki, inda ake ɗaukar biyu a matsayin zakarun duniya: Gasar Hypercar World Endurance Drivers' Championship da Gasar Hypercar World Endurance Manufacturers' Championship. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Trophies & cups – FIA World Endurance Championship |url=https://www.fiawec.com/en/trophies-cups/33 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814232832/https://www.fiawec.com/en/trophies-cups/33 |archive-date=14 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=www.fiawec.com}}</ref> Tsarin maki yayi kama da wanda aka yi amfani da shi a sauran gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIA, inda ake ba da maki ga manyan 'yan wasa goma da suka kammala a kan sikelin maki mai zamewa daga na farko zuwa na goma. Motocin da suka kammala tseren amma aka sanya su a matsayi na sha ɗaya ko sama da haka za a ba su rabin maki. Ga tseren sa'o'i 8 da 10, maki suna da darajar kusan sau 1.5 (watau maki 25 don cin nasara yana da darajar maki 38 a waɗannan tseren). A tsawon awanni 24 na Le Mans, maki sun kai kusan ninki biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Points – FIA World Endurance Championship |url=https://www.fiawec.com/en/points/70 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819131238/https://www.fiawec.com/en/points/70 |archive-date=19 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=www.fiawec.com}}</ref> == Tsere == === Tseren da ake yi a yanzu (2026) === {| class="wikitable" !Tseren ! Da'ira ! Lokutan Aiki |- | Awa 6 na Imola |{{Flagicon|ITA}} [[Imola Circuit|Motar Enzo da Dino Ferrari]] | 2024–yanzu |- | 6 Heures de Spa-Francorchamps |{{Flagicon|BEL}} [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps]] | 2012 - yanzu |- | Awa 24 na Le Mans |{{Flagicon|FRA}} [[Circuit de la Sarthe]] | 2012 - yanzu |- | Awanni 6 na Sao Paulo |{{Flagicon|BRA}} [[Interlagos Circuit|Da'irar Interlagos]] | 2012–2014, 2024–yanzu |- | Lone Star Le Mans |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Circuit of the Americas|Da'irar Amurka]] | 2013–2017, 2020, 2024–yanzu |- | Awanni 6 na Fuji |{{Flagicon|JPN}} [[Fuji Speedway]] | 2012–2019, 2022–yanzu |- | Awanni 6 na Barcelona |{{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya]] | 2026 |- | Awanni 6 na Monza |{{Flagicon|ITA}} [[Monza Circuit|Motar Nazionale ta Monza]] | 2021–2023, 2026 |} === Tseren da suka dawo (2027) === {| class="wikitable" !Tseren ! Da'ira ! Lokutan Aiki |- | Katar 1812 km |{{Flagicon|QAT}} [[Losail International Circuit|Da'irar Kasa da Kasa ta Lusail]] | 2024–2025, 2027 |- | Awanni 6 na Silverstone |{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Silverstone Circuit|Da'irar Silverstone]] | 2012–2019, 2027 |- | Awa 8 na Bahrain |{{Flagicon|BHR}} [[Bahrain International Circuit|Da'irar Kasa da Kasa ta Bahrain]] | 2012–2017, 2019–2025, 2027<br /><br /><br /><br /> (Tsarin tsere guda biyu a shekarar 2021) |} === Tsoffin tsere === {| class="wikitable" !Tseren ! Da'ira ! Lokutan Aiki |- | Awanni 4 na Shanghai |{{Flagicon|CHN}} [[Shanghai International Circuit|Da'irar Kasa da Kasa ta Shanghai]] | 2012–2019 |- | Awanni 6 na Mexico |{{Flagicon|MEX}} [[Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez]] | 2016–2017 |- | Awanni 6 na Nürburgring |{{Flagicon|DEU}} [[Nürburgring]] | 2015–2017 |- | Awanni 6 na Portimao |{{Flagicon|POR}} [[Algarve International Circuit|Da'irar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Algarve]] | 2021, 2023 |- | Mil 1000 na Sebring |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Sebring International Raceway|Sebring International Traceway]] | 2019, 2022–2023 |- | Awanni 12 na Sebring |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Sebring International Raceway|Sebring International Traceway]] | 2012 |} == Zakarun == == Nassoshi == bqatbg0191gx818ul3dnadymmopw1il 974860 974859 2026-11-01T16:05:21Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIA''', wacce aka takaita da '''WEC''', gasar tsere ce ta duniya ta juriyar motoci wadda Kungiyar Motoci ta de l'Ouest (ACO) ta shirya kuma Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) ta amince da ita. Jerin wasannin ya maye gurbin tsohon Kofin Intercontinental Le Mans na ACO wanda ya fara a shekarar 2010 kuma shine sake farfaɗo da Gasar Cin Kofin Motar Wasanni ta Duniya wacce ta ƙare bayan kakar wasa ta shekarar 1992 . A da, FIA ta yi amfani da sunan Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Dorewa daga 1981 zuwa 1985 . Jerin motocin ya ƙunshi nau'ikan motoci da yawa da ke fafatawa a tseren juriya, tare da samfuran wasanni da ke fafatawa a ajin Hypercar ( LMH ko LMDh ), da kuma motocin da ke yin manyan motoci (GT) waɗanda ke fafatawa a ajin LM GT3 . Ana bayar da kyaututtukan zakaran duniya ga direbobi da masana'antun da suka fi samun maki a kakar wasa, <ref name="FIA WEC">{{Cite web |date=3 June 2011 |title=2012 FIA World Endurance Championship |url=http://fia.com/en-GB/mediacentre/pressreleases/fiasport/2011/Pages/fia-wec.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606063434/http://fia.com/en-GB/mediacentre/pressreleases/fiasport/2011/Pages/fia-wec.aspx |archive-date=6 June 2011 |access-date=4 June 2011 |website=fia.com |publisher=[[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]]}}</ref> <ref name="FIA WMSC">{{Cite web |date=3 June 2011 |title=World Motor Sport Council |url=http://fia.com/en-GB/mediacentre/pressreleases/wmsc/2011/Pages/wmsc-030611.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606063414/http://www.fia.com/en-GB/mediacentre/pressreleases/wmsc/2011/Pages/wmsc-030611.aspx |archive-date=6 June 2011 |access-date=4 June 2011 |website=fia.com |publisher=[[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]]}}</ref> yayin da za a bayar da wasu kofuna da kofuna ga direbobi da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu . <ref name="ACO WEC">{{Cite web |date=9 June 2011 |title=The FIA World Endurance Championship is unveiled! |url=http://www.lemans.org/en/races/24h/update/The-FIA-World-Endurance-Championship-is-unveiled--_4068.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616155004/http://www.lemans.org/en/races/24h/update/The-FIA-World-Endurance-Championship-is-unveiled--_4068.html |archive-date=16 June 2011 |access-date=9 June 2011 |website=lemans.org |publisher=[[Automobile Club de l'Ouest]]}}</ref> Direbobin zamani sun bayyana tseren Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya a matsayin wanda ke da gasa mai ƙarfi, gasa mai ƙarfi a kan hanya a tsawon lokacin taron, tare da ci gaba da cin nasara da kuma tsere mai ƙarfi a duk matakai na tseren. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Behind the Scenes of Endurance Racing ft. Porsche Penske |url=https://www.fanamp.com/articles/wec-cota-porsche-penske-insider-2025 |access-date=2026-02-02 |website=www.fanamp.com |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi == An fara gudanar da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Juriya a shekarar 2012 a matsayin madadin Gasar Cin Kofin Intercontinental Le Mans, <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=FIA announces World Endurance Championship |url=http://www.planetlemans.com/2011/06/03/fia-announces-world-endurance-championship/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018211324/http://www.planetlemans.com/2011/06/03/fia-announces-world-endurance-championship/ |archive-date=18 October 2011 |access-date=12 November 2011 |publisher=Planetlemans.com}}</ref> bayan tsarin da aka saba da shi kuma yana da tseren juriya guda takwas a duk faɗin duniya, ciki har da tseren awanni 24 na Le Mans . <ref name="FIA WMSC" /> Akwai nau'i huɗu: samfuran LMP1 da LMP2 tare da manyan masu yawon buɗe ido na GTE, waɗanda aka raba zuwa GTE Pro ga ƙungiyoyi masu jerin direbobi na ƙwararru, da kuma GTE Am ga ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke nuna gaurayen direbobin da ba su da ƙwarewa. Ganin yadda masana'antun ke fuskantar raguwar sha'awarsu a cikin ajin LMP1 bayan kakar wasa ta 2017, FIA ta ba da umarnin yin bincike kan ƙa'idodi na gaba na manyan rukunin gasar. Shawarar da aka sani da Le Mans Hypercar (LMH), ta yi kira da a daina amfani da samfurin Le Mans Prototype kuma a rage dogaro da fasahar zamani. An tsara shawarar ne don ta sa gasar ta zama mafi jan hankali ga masana'antun motoci, kuma ta ambaci samfuran manyan motoci kamar Aston Martin Vulcan da McLaren Senna GTR a matsayin misalan motocin da sabbin ƙa'idojin ke fatan jawo hankalinsu. [1] [2] Ajin Hypercar ya fara bayyana a kakar wasa ta 2021, tare da shigar LMH daga Alpine, Glickenhaus da Toyota. [3] Daga 2023, masu shiga gasar LMDh za su iya yin gasa ta cikakken lokaci a cikin ajin Hypercar tare da LMH. [4] A shekarar 2021, ACO ta sanar da cewa jerin za su rabu da nau'ikan LMGTE guda biyu, bayan raguwar sha'awar masana'anta cikin sauri. Kakar wasa ta 2022 za ta kasance ta ƙarshe ajin LMGTE Pro, kuma daga 2024, za a maye gurbin LMGTE Am da wani nau'in GT3, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "GT3 Premium" wanda ke nuna sauya kayan aikin jiki daga injinan GT3 na yau da kullun. <ref>{{Cite web |title=GT3 cars to replace GTE class at Le Mans from 2024 |url=https://www.motorsport.com/wec/news/gt3-cars-to-replace-gte-class-at-le-mans-from-2024/6650861/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823185237/https://www.motorsport.com/wec/news/gt3-cars-to-replace-gte-class-at-le-mans-from-2024/6650861/ |archive-date=23 August 2021 |access-date=20 August 2021 |website=www.motorsport.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=WEC drops GTE Pro class for 2023 |url=https://www.autosport.com/wec/news/wec-drops-gte-pro-class-for-2023/10319413/ |access-date=10 August 2022 |website=www.autosport.com |language=en}}</ref> A cewar shugaban Hukumar Kula da Lafiyar Jama'a ta FIA, Richard Mille, FIA na da nufin samar da wani nau'in da ya mayar da hankali kan abokan ciniki inda masana'antun ba za su iya shiga a hukumance ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lloyd |first=Daniel |title=ACO's Future GT Class Set to Prohibit Factory Entries – Sportscar365 |url=https://sportscar365.com/lemans/wec/future-gt-class-set-to-prohibit-factory-teams/ |access-date=26 August 2021 |website=sportscar365.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Shekarar 2024 ta zama kakar wasa ta farko a tarihin jerin wasannin da ajin LMP2 ba zai fito a kan layin yanar gizo ba, saboda karuwar bukatar shiga cikakken kakar wasa don Hypercar da kuma ajin LMGT3 mai zuwa. Rukunin ya ci gaba da kasancewa cibiyar tsaro ta Awa 24 ta Le Mans, tare da akalla ramuka 15 da aka ajiye a kan grid ɗin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Klein |first=Jamie |last2=Watkins |first2=Gary |date=9 June 2023 |title=LMP2 class axed by WEC for 2024, but will stay at Le Mans |url=https://www.motorsport.com/wec/news/lmp2-axed-2024-hypercar-lmgt3/10480550/ |access-date=23 May 2025 |website=[[Motorsport.com]] |publisher=[[Motorsport Network]]}}</ref> == Tsarin == Za a yanke hukunci a kan kambuna guda huɗu kuma a bayar da su a kakar wasa ta yanzu (kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2026) bisa ga jimillar maki, inda ake ɗaukar biyu a matsayin zakarun duniya: Gasar Hypercar World Endurance Drivers' Championship da Gasar Hypercar World Endurance Manufacturers' Championship. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Trophies & cups – FIA World Endurance Championship |url=https://www.fiawec.com/en/trophies-cups/33 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814232832/https://www.fiawec.com/en/trophies-cups/33 |archive-date=14 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=www.fiawec.com}}</ref> Tsarin maki yayi kama da wanda aka yi amfani da shi a sauran gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIA, inda ake ba da maki ga manyan 'yan wasa goma da suka kammala a kan sikelin maki mai zamewa daga na farko zuwa na goma. Motocin da suka kammala tseren amma aka sanya su a matsayi na sha ɗaya ko sama da haka za a ba su rabin maki. Ga tseren sa'o'i 8 da 10, maki suna da darajar kusan sau 1.5 (watau maki 25 don cin nasara yana da darajar maki 38 a waɗannan tseren). A tsawon awanni 24 na Le Mans, maki sun kai kusan ninki biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Points – FIA World Endurance Championship |url=https://www.fiawec.com/en/points/70 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819131238/https://www.fiawec.com/en/points/70 |archive-date=19 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=www.fiawec.com}}</ref> == Tsere == === Tseren da ake yi a yanzu (2026) === {| class="wikitable" !Tseren ! Da'ira ! Lokutan Aiki |- | Awa 6 na Imola |{{Flagicon|ITA}} [[Imola Circuit|Motar Enzo da Dino Ferrari]] | 2024–yanzu |- | 6 Heures de Spa-Francorchamps |{{Flagicon|BEL}} [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps]] | 2012 - yanzu |- | Awa 24 na Le Mans |{{Flagicon|FRA}} [[Circuit de la Sarthe]] | 2012 - yanzu |- | Awanni 6 na Sao Paulo |{{Flagicon|BRA}} [[Interlagos Circuit|Da'irar Interlagos]] | 2012–2014, 2024–yanzu |- | Lone Star Le Mans |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Circuit of the Americas|Da'irar Amurka]] | 2013–2017, 2020, 2024–yanzu |- | Awanni 6 na Fuji |{{Flagicon|JPN}} [[Fuji Speedway]] | 2012–2019, 2022–yanzu |- | Awanni 6 na Barcelona |{{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya]] | 2026 |- | Awanni 6 na Monza |{{Flagicon|ITA}} [[Monza Circuit|Motar Nazionale ta Monza]] | 2021–2023, 2026 |} === Tseren da suka dawo (2027) === {| class="wikitable" !Tseren ! Da'ira ! Lokutan Aiki |- | Katar 1812 km |{{Flagicon|QAT}} [[Losail International Circuit|Da'irar Kasa da Kasa ta Lusail]] | 2024–2025, 2027 |- | Awanni 6 na Silverstone |{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Silverstone Circuit|Da'irar Silverstone]] | 2012–2019, 2027 |- | Awa 8 na Bahrain |{{Flagicon|BHR}} [[Bahrain International Circuit|Da'irar Kasa da Kasa ta Bahrain]] | 2012–2017, 2019–2025, 2027<br /><br /><br /><br /> (Tsarin tsere guda biyu a shekarar 2021) |} === Tsoffin tsere === {| class="wikitable" !Tseren ! Da'ira ! Lokutan Aiki |- | Awanni 4 na Shanghai |{{Flagicon|CHN}} [[Shanghai International Circuit|Da'irar Kasa da Kasa ta Shanghai]] | 2012–2019 |- | Awanni 6 na Mexico |{{Flagicon|MEX}} [[Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez]] | 2016–2017 |- | Awanni 6 na Nürburgring |{{Flagicon|DEU}} [[Nürburgring]] | 2015–2017 |- | Awanni 6 na Portimao |{{Flagicon|POR}} [[Algarve International Circuit|Da'irar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Algarve]] | 2021, 2023 |- | Mil 1000 na Sebring |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Sebring International Raceway|Sebring International Traceway]] | 2019, 2022–2023 |- | Awanni 12 na Sebring |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Sebring International Raceway|Sebring International Traceway]] | 2012 |} == Zakarun == == Nassoshi == ri387y3c992yrnk0p1zwoomblx7d0r4 974861 974860 2026-11-01T16:05:35Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIA''', wacce aka takaita da '''WEC''', gasar tsere ce ta duniya ta juriyar motoci wadda Kungiyar Motoci ta de l'Ouest (ACO) ta shirya kuma Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) ta amince da ita. Jerin wasannin ya maye gurbin tsohon Kofin Intercontinental Le Mans na ACO wanda ya fara a shekarar 2010 kuma shine sake farfaɗo da Gasar Cin Kofin Motar Wasanni ta Duniya wacce ta ƙare bayan kakar wasa ta shekarar 1992 . A da, FIA ta yi amfani da sunan Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Dorewa daga 1981 zuwa 1985 . Jerin motocin ya ƙunshi nau'ikan motoci da yawa da ke fafatawa a tseren juriya, tare da samfuran wasanni da ke fafatawa a ajin Hypercar ( LMH ko LMDh ), da kuma motocin da ke yin manyan motoci (GT) waɗanda ke fafatawa a ajin LM GT3 . Ana kuma bayar da kyaututtukan zakaran duniya ga direbobi da masana'antun da suka fi samun maki a kakar wasa, <ref name="FIA WEC">{{Cite web |date=3 June 2011 |title=2012 FIA World Endurance Championship |url=http://fia.com/en-GB/mediacentre/pressreleases/fiasport/2011/Pages/fia-wec.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606063434/http://fia.com/en-GB/mediacentre/pressreleases/fiasport/2011/Pages/fia-wec.aspx |archive-date=6 June 2011 |access-date=4 June 2011 |website=fia.com |publisher=[[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]]}}</ref> <ref name="FIA WMSC">{{Cite web |date=3 June 2011 |title=World Motor Sport Council |url=http://fia.com/en-GB/mediacentre/pressreleases/wmsc/2011/Pages/wmsc-030611.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606063414/http://www.fia.com/en-GB/mediacentre/pressreleases/wmsc/2011/Pages/wmsc-030611.aspx |archive-date=6 June 2011 |access-date=4 June 2011 |website=fia.com |publisher=[[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]]}}</ref> yayin da za a bayar da wasu kofuna da kofuna ga direbobi da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu . <ref name="ACO WEC">{{Cite web |date=9 June 2011 |title=The FIA World Endurance Championship is unveiled! |url=http://www.lemans.org/en/races/24h/update/The-FIA-World-Endurance-Championship-is-unveiled--_4068.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616155004/http://www.lemans.org/en/races/24h/update/The-FIA-World-Endurance-Championship-is-unveiled--_4068.html |archive-date=16 June 2011 |access-date=9 June 2011 |website=lemans.org |publisher=[[Automobile Club de l'Ouest]]}}</ref> Direbobin zamani sun bayyana tseren Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya a matsayin wanda ke da gasa mai ƙarfi, gasa mai ƙarfi a kan hanya a tsawon lokacin taron, tare da ci gaba da cin nasara da kuma tsere mai ƙarfi a duk matakai na tseren. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Behind the Scenes of Endurance Racing ft. Porsche Penske |url=https://www.fanamp.com/articles/wec-cota-porsche-penske-insider-2025 |access-date=2026-02-02 |website=www.fanamp.com |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi == An fara gudanar da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Juriya a shekarar 2012 a matsayin madadin Gasar Cin Kofin Intercontinental Le Mans, <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=FIA announces World Endurance Championship |url=http://www.planetlemans.com/2011/06/03/fia-announces-world-endurance-championship/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018211324/http://www.planetlemans.com/2011/06/03/fia-announces-world-endurance-championship/ |archive-date=18 October 2011 |access-date=12 November 2011 |publisher=Planetlemans.com}}</ref> bayan tsarin da aka saba da shi kuma yana da tseren juriya guda takwas a duk faɗin duniya, ciki har da tseren awanni 24 na Le Mans . <ref name="FIA WMSC" /> Akwai nau'i huɗu: samfuran LMP1 da LMP2 tare da manyan masu yawon buɗe ido na GTE, waɗanda aka raba zuwa GTE Pro ga ƙungiyoyi masu jerin direbobi na ƙwararru, da kuma GTE Am ga ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke nuna gaurayen direbobin da ba su da ƙwarewa. Ganin yadda masana'antun ke fuskantar raguwar sha'awarsu a cikin ajin LMP1 bayan kakar wasa ta 2017, FIA ta ba da umarnin yin bincike kan ƙa'idodi na gaba na manyan rukunin gasar. Shawarar da aka sani da Le Mans Hypercar (LMH), ta yi kira da a daina amfani da samfurin Le Mans Prototype kuma a rage dogaro da fasahar zamani. An tsara shawarar ne don ta sa gasar ta zama mafi jan hankali ga masana'antun motoci, kuma ta ambaci samfuran manyan motoci kamar Aston Martin Vulcan da McLaren Senna GTR a matsayin misalan motocin da sabbin ƙa'idojin ke fatan jawo hankalinsu. [1] [2] Ajin Hypercar ya fara bayyana a kakar wasa ta 2021, tare da shigar LMH daga Alpine, Glickenhaus da Toyota. [3] Daga 2023, masu shiga gasar LMDh za su iya yin gasa ta cikakken lokaci a cikin ajin Hypercar tare da LMH. [4] A shekarar 2021, ACO ta sanar da cewa jerin za su rabu da nau'ikan LMGTE guda biyu, bayan raguwar sha'awar masana'anta cikin sauri. Kakar wasa ta 2022 za ta kasance ta ƙarshe ajin LMGTE Pro, kuma daga 2024, za a maye gurbin LMGTE Am da wani nau'in GT3, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "GT3 Premium" wanda ke nuna sauya kayan aikin jiki daga injinan GT3 na yau da kullun. <ref>{{Cite web |title=GT3 cars to replace GTE class at Le Mans from 2024 |url=https://www.motorsport.com/wec/news/gt3-cars-to-replace-gte-class-at-le-mans-from-2024/6650861/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823185237/https://www.motorsport.com/wec/news/gt3-cars-to-replace-gte-class-at-le-mans-from-2024/6650861/ |archive-date=23 August 2021 |access-date=20 August 2021 |website=www.motorsport.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=WEC drops GTE Pro class for 2023 |url=https://www.autosport.com/wec/news/wec-drops-gte-pro-class-for-2023/10319413/ |access-date=10 August 2022 |website=www.autosport.com |language=en}}</ref> A cewar shugaban Hukumar Kula da Lafiyar Jama'a ta FIA, Richard Mille, FIA na da nufin samar da wani nau'in da ya mayar da hankali kan abokan ciniki inda masana'antun ba za su iya shiga a hukumance ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lloyd |first=Daniel |title=ACO's Future GT Class Set to Prohibit Factory Entries – Sportscar365 |url=https://sportscar365.com/lemans/wec/future-gt-class-set-to-prohibit-factory-teams/ |access-date=26 August 2021 |website=sportscar365.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Shekarar 2024 ta zama kakar wasa ta farko a tarihin jerin wasannin da ajin LMP2 ba zai fito a kan layin yanar gizo ba, saboda karuwar bukatar shiga cikakken kakar wasa don Hypercar da kuma ajin LMGT3 mai zuwa. Rukunin ya ci gaba da kasancewa cibiyar tsaro ta Awa 24 ta Le Mans, tare da akalla ramuka 15 da aka ajiye a kan grid ɗin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Klein |first=Jamie |last2=Watkins |first2=Gary |date=9 June 2023 |title=LMP2 class axed by WEC for 2024, but will stay at Le Mans |url=https://www.motorsport.com/wec/news/lmp2-axed-2024-hypercar-lmgt3/10480550/ |access-date=23 May 2025 |website=[[Motorsport.com]] |publisher=[[Motorsport Network]]}}</ref> == Tsarin == Za a yanke hukunci a kan kambuna guda huɗu kuma a bayar da su a kakar wasa ta yanzu (kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2026) bisa ga jimillar maki, inda ake ɗaukar biyu a matsayin zakarun duniya: Gasar Hypercar World Endurance Drivers' Championship da Gasar Hypercar World Endurance Manufacturers' Championship. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Trophies & cups – FIA World Endurance Championship |url=https://www.fiawec.com/en/trophies-cups/33 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814232832/https://www.fiawec.com/en/trophies-cups/33 |archive-date=14 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=www.fiawec.com}}</ref> Tsarin maki yayi kama da wanda aka yi amfani da shi a sauran gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIA, inda ake ba da maki ga manyan 'yan wasa goma da suka kammala a kan sikelin maki mai zamewa daga na farko zuwa na goma. Motocin da suka kammala tseren amma aka sanya su a matsayi na sha ɗaya ko sama da haka za a ba su rabin maki. Ga tseren sa'o'i 8 da 10, maki suna da darajar kusan sau 1.5 (watau maki 25 don cin nasara yana da darajar maki 38 a waɗannan tseren). A tsawon awanni 24 na Le Mans, maki sun kai kusan ninki biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Points – FIA World Endurance Championship |url=https://www.fiawec.com/en/points/70 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819131238/https://www.fiawec.com/en/points/70 |archive-date=19 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=www.fiawec.com}}</ref> == Tsere == === Tseren da ake yi a yanzu (2026) === {| class="wikitable" !Tseren ! Da'ira ! Lokutan Aiki |- | Awa 6 na Imola |{{Flagicon|ITA}} [[Imola Circuit|Motar Enzo da Dino Ferrari]] | 2024–yanzu |- | 6 Heures de Spa-Francorchamps |{{Flagicon|BEL}} [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps]] | 2012 - yanzu |- | Awa 24 na Le Mans |{{Flagicon|FRA}} [[Circuit de la Sarthe]] | 2012 - yanzu |- | Awanni 6 na Sao Paulo |{{Flagicon|BRA}} [[Interlagos Circuit|Da'irar Interlagos]] | 2012–2014, 2024–yanzu |- | Lone Star Le Mans |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Circuit of the Americas|Da'irar Amurka]] | 2013–2017, 2020, 2024–yanzu |- | Awanni 6 na Fuji |{{Flagicon|JPN}} [[Fuji Speedway]] | 2012–2019, 2022–yanzu |- | Awanni 6 na Barcelona |{{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya]] | 2026 |- | Awanni 6 na Monza |{{Flagicon|ITA}} [[Monza Circuit|Motar Nazionale ta Monza]] | 2021–2023, 2026 |} === Tseren da suka dawo (2027) === {| class="wikitable" !Tseren ! Da'ira ! Lokutan Aiki |- | Katar 1812 km |{{Flagicon|QAT}} [[Losail International Circuit|Da'irar Kasa da Kasa ta Lusail]] | 2024–2025, 2027 |- | Awanni 6 na Silverstone |{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Silverstone Circuit|Da'irar Silverstone]] | 2012–2019, 2027 |- | Awa 8 na Bahrain |{{Flagicon|BHR}} [[Bahrain International Circuit|Da'irar Kasa da Kasa ta Bahrain]] | 2012–2017, 2019–2025, 2027<br /><br /><br /><br /> (Tsarin tsere guda biyu a shekarar 2021) |} === Tsoffin tsere === {| class="wikitable" !Tseren ! Da'ira ! Lokutan Aiki |- | Awanni 4 na Shanghai |{{Flagicon|CHN}} [[Shanghai International Circuit|Da'irar Kasa da Kasa ta Shanghai]] | 2012–2019 |- | Awanni 6 na Mexico |{{Flagicon|MEX}} [[Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez]] | 2016–2017 |- | Awanni 6 na Nürburgring |{{Flagicon|DEU}} [[Nürburgring]] | 2015–2017 |- | Awanni 6 na Portimao |{{Flagicon|POR}} [[Algarve International Circuit|Da'irar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Algarve]] | 2021, 2023 |- | Mil 1000 na Sebring |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Sebring International Raceway|Sebring International Traceway]] | 2019, 2022–2023 |- | Awanni 12 na Sebring |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Sebring International Raceway|Sebring International Traceway]] | 2012 |} == Zakarun == == Nassoshi == ct6h9xian41q3f9v7lngb7vt7p95xvw 974862 974861 2026-11-01T16:05:57Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIA''', wacce aka takaita da '''WEC''', gasar tsere ce ta duniya ta juriyar motoci wadda Kungiyar Motoci ta de l'Ouest (ACO) ta shirya kuma Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) ta amince da ita. Jerin wasannin ya maye gurbin tsohon Kofin Intercontinental Le Mans na ACO wanda ya fara a shekarar 2010 kuma shine sake farfaɗo da Gasar Cin Kofin Motar Wasanni ta Duniya wacce ta ƙare bayan kakar wasa ta shekarar 1992 . A da, FIA ta yi amfani da sunan Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Dorewa daga 1981 zuwa 1985 . Jerin motocin ya ƙunshi nau'ikan motoci da yawa da ke fafatawa a tseren juriya, tare da samfuran wasanni da ke fafatawa a ajin Hypercar ( LMH ko LMDh ), da kuma motocin da ke yin manyan motoci (GT) waɗanda ke fafatawa a ajin LM GT3 . Ana kuma bayar da kyaututtukan zakaran duniya ga direbobi da masana'antun da suka fi samun maki a kakar wasa, <ref name="FIA WEC">{{Cite web |date=3 June 2011 |title=2012 FIA World Endurance Championship |url=http://fia.com/en-GB/mediacentre/pressreleases/fiasport/2011/Pages/fia-wec.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606063434/http://fia.com/en-GB/mediacentre/pressreleases/fiasport/2011/Pages/fia-wec.aspx |archive-date=6 June 2011 |access-date=4 June 2011 |website=fia.com |publisher=[[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]]}}</ref> <ref name="FIA WMSC">{{Cite web |date=3 June 2011 |title=World Motor Sport Council |url=http://fia.com/en-GB/mediacentre/pressreleases/wmsc/2011/Pages/wmsc-030611.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606063414/http://www.fia.com/en-GB/mediacentre/pressreleases/wmsc/2011/Pages/wmsc-030611.aspx |archive-date=6 June 2011 |access-date=4 June 2011 |website=fia.com |publisher=[[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]]}}</ref> yayin da za a bayar da wasu kofuna da kofuna ga direbobi da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu . <ref name="ACO WEC">{{Cite web |date=9 June 2011 |title=The FIA World Endurance Championship is unveiled! |url=http://www.lemans.org/en/races/24h/update/The-FIA-World-Endurance-Championship-is-unveiled--_4068.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616155004/http://www.lemans.org/en/races/24h/update/The-FIA-World-Endurance-Championship-is-unveiled--_4068.html |archive-date=16 June 2011 |access-date=9 June 2011 |website=lemans.org |publisher=[[Automobile Club de l'Ouest]]}}</ref> Direbobin zamani sun bayyana tseren Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya a matsayin wanda ke da gasa mai ƙarfi, gasa mai ƙarfi a kan hanya a tsawon lokacin taron, tare da ci gaba da cin nasara da kuma tsere mai ƙarfi a duk matakai na tseren. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Behind the Scenes of Endurance Racing ft. Porsche Penske |url=https://www.fanamp.com/articles/wec-cota-porsche-penske-insider-2025 |access-date=2026-02-02 |website=www.fanamp.com |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kuma fara gudanar da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Juriya a shekarar 2012 a matsayin madadin Gasar Cin Kofin Intercontinental Le Mans, <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=FIA announces World Endurance Championship |url=http://www.planetlemans.com/2011/06/03/fia-announces-world-endurance-championship/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018211324/http://www.planetlemans.com/2011/06/03/fia-announces-world-endurance-championship/ |archive-date=18 October 2011 |access-date=12 November 2011 |publisher=Planetlemans.com}}</ref> bayan tsarin da aka saba da shi kuma yana da tseren juriya guda takwas a duk faɗin duniya, ciki har da tseren awanni 24 na Le Mans . <ref name="FIA WMSC" /> Akwai nau'i huɗu: samfuran LMP1 da LMP2 tare da manyan masu yawon buɗe ido na GTE, waɗanda aka raba zuwa GTE Pro ga ƙungiyoyi masu jerin direbobi na ƙwararru, da kuma GTE Am ga ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke nuna gaurayen direbobin da ba su da ƙwarewa. Ganin yadda masana'antun ke fuskantar raguwar sha'awarsu a cikin ajin LMP1 bayan kakar wasa ta 2017, FIA ta ba da umarnin yin bincike kan ƙa'idodi na gaba na manyan rukunin gasar. Shawarar da aka sani da Le Mans Hypercar (LMH), ta yi kira da a daina amfani da samfurin Le Mans Prototype kuma a rage dogaro da fasahar zamani. An tsara shawarar ne don ta sa gasar ta zama mafi jan hankali ga masana'antun motoci, kuma ta ambaci samfuran manyan motoci kamar Aston Martin Vulcan da McLaren Senna GTR a matsayin misalan motocin da sabbin ƙa'idojin ke fatan jawo hankalinsu. [1] [2] Ajin Hypercar ya fara bayyana a kakar wasa ta 2021, tare da shigar LMH daga Alpine, Glickenhaus da Toyota. [3] Daga 2023, masu shiga gasar LMDh za su iya yin gasa ta cikakken lokaci a cikin ajin Hypercar tare da LMH. [4] A shekarar 2021, ACO ta sanar da cewa jerin za su rabu da nau'ikan LMGTE guda biyu, bayan raguwar sha'awar masana'anta cikin sauri. Kakar wasa ta 2022 za ta kasance ta ƙarshe ajin LMGTE Pro, kuma daga 2024, za a maye gurbin LMGTE Am da wani nau'in GT3, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "GT3 Premium" wanda ke nuna sauya kayan aikin jiki daga injinan GT3 na yau da kullun. <ref>{{Cite web |title=GT3 cars to replace GTE class at Le Mans from 2024 |url=https://www.motorsport.com/wec/news/gt3-cars-to-replace-gte-class-at-le-mans-from-2024/6650861/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823185237/https://www.motorsport.com/wec/news/gt3-cars-to-replace-gte-class-at-le-mans-from-2024/6650861/ |archive-date=23 August 2021 |access-date=20 August 2021 |website=www.motorsport.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=WEC drops GTE Pro class for 2023 |url=https://www.autosport.com/wec/news/wec-drops-gte-pro-class-for-2023/10319413/ |access-date=10 August 2022 |website=www.autosport.com |language=en}}</ref> A cewar shugaban Hukumar Kula da Lafiyar Jama'a ta FIA, Richard Mille, FIA na da nufin samar da wani nau'in da ya mayar da hankali kan abokan ciniki inda masana'antun ba za su iya shiga a hukumance ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lloyd |first=Daniel |title=ACO's Future GT Class Set to Prohibit Factory Entries – Sportscar365 |url=https://sportscar365.com/lemans/wec/future-gt-class-set-to-prohibit-factory-teams/ |access-date=26 August 2021 |website=sportscar365.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Shekarar 2024 ta zama kakar wasa ta farko a tarihin jerin wasannin da ajin LMP2 ba zai fito a kan layin yanar gizo ba, saboda karuwar bukatar shiga cikakken kakar wasa don Hypercar da kuma ajin LMGT3 mai zuwa. Rukunin ya ci gaba da kasancewa cibiyar tsaro ta Awa 24 ta Le Mans, tare da akalla ramuka 15 da aka ajiye a kan grid ɗin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Klein |first=Jamie |last2=Watkins |first2=Gary |date=9 June 2023 |title=LMP2 class axed by WEC for 2024, but will stay at Le Mans |url=https://www.motorsport.com/wec/news/lmp2-axed-2024-hypercar-lmgt3/10480550/ |access-date=23 May 2025 |website=[[Motorsport.com]] |publisher=[[Motorsport Network]]}}</ref> == Tsarin == Za a yanke hukunci a kan kambuna guda huɗu kuma a bayar da su a kakar wasa ta yanzu (kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2026) bisa ga jimillar maki, inda ake ɗaukar biyu a matsayin zakarun duniya: Gasar Hypercar World Endurance Drivers' Championship da Gasar Hypercar World Endurance Manufacturers' Championship. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Trophies & cups – FIA World Endurance Championship |url=https://www.fiawec.com/en/trophies-cups/33 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814232832/https://www.fiawec.com/en/trophies-cups/33 |archive-date=14 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=www.fiawec.com}}</ref> Tsarin maki yayi kama da wanda aka yi amfani da shi a sauran gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIA, inda ake ba da maki ga manyan 'yan wasa goma da suka kammala a kan sikelin maki mai zamewa daga na farko zuwa na goma. Motocin da suka kammala tseren amma aka sanya su a matsayi na sha ɗaya ko sama da haka za a ba su rabin maki. Ga tseren sa'o'i 8 da 10, maki suna da darajar kusan sau 1.5 (watau maki 25 don cin nasara yana da darajar maki 38 a waɗannan tseren). A tsawon awanni 24 na Le Mans, maki sun kai kusan ninki biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Points – FIA World Endurance Championship |url=https://www.fiawec.com/en/points/70 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819131238/https://www.fiawec.com/en/points/70 |archive-date=19 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=www.fiawec.com}}</ref> == Tsere == === Tseren da ake yi a yanzu (2026) === {| class="wikitable" !Tseren ! Da'ira ! Lokutan Aiki |- | Awa 6 na Imola |{{Flagicon|ITA}} [[Imola Circuit|Motar Enzo da Dino Ferrari]] | 2024–yanzu |- | 6 Heures de Spa-Francorchamps |{{Flagicon|BEL}} [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps]] | 2012 - yanzu |- | Awa 24 na Le Mans |{{Flagicon|FRA}} [[Circuit de la Sarthe]] | 2012 - yanzu |- | Awanni 6 na Sao Paulo |{{Flagicon|BRA}} [[Interlagos Circuit|Da'irar Interlagos]] | 2012–2014, 2024–yanzu |- | Lone Star Le Mans |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Circuit of the Americas|Da'irar Amurka]] | 2013–2017, 2020, 2024–yanzu |- | Awanni 6 na Fuji |{{Flagicon|JPN}} [[Fuji Speedway]] | 2012–2019, 2022–yanzu |- | Awanni 6 na Barcelona |{{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya]] | 2026 |- | Awanni 6 na Monza |{{Flagicon|ITA}} [[Monza Circuit|Motar Nazionale ta Monza]] | 2021–2023, 2026 |} === Tseren da suka dawo (2027) === {| class="wikitable" !Tseren ! Da'ira ! Lokutan Aiki |- | Katar 1812 km |{{Flagicon|QAT}} [[Losail International Circuit|Da'irar Kasa da Kasa ta Lusail]] | 2024–2025, 2027 |- | Awanni 6 na Silverstone |{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Silverstone Circuit|Da'irar Silverstone]] | 2012–2019, 2027 |- | Awa 8 na Bahrain |{{Flagicon|BHR}} [[Bahrain International Circuit|Da'irar Kasa da Kasa ta Bahrain]] | 2012–2017, 2019–2025, 2027<br /><br /><br /><br /> (Tsarin tsere guda biyu a shekarar 2021) |} === Tsoffin tsere === {| class="wikitable" !Tseren ! Da'ira ! Lokutan Aiki |- | Awanni 4 na Shanghai |{{Flagicon|CHN}} [[Shanghai International Circuit|Da'irar Kasa da Kasa ta Shanghai]] | 2012–2019 |- | Awanni 6 na Mexico |{{Flagicon|MEX}} [[Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez]] | 2016–2017 |- | Awanni 6 na Nürburgring |{{Flagicon|DEU}} [[Nürburgring]] | 2015–2017 |- | Awanni 6 na Portimao |{{Flagicon|POR}} [[Algarve International Circuit|Da'irar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Algarve]] | 2021, 2023 |- | Mil 1000 na Sebring |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Sebring International Raceway|Sebring International Traceway]] | 2019, 2022–2023 |- | Awanni 12 na Sebring |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Sebring International Raceway|Sebring International Traceway]] | 2012 |} == Zakarun == == Nassoshi == 9lr90i3vyqylxkovk1z8ndraee0bpc4 974863 974862 2026-11-01T16:06:27Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIA''', wacce aka takaita da '''WEC''', gasar tsere ce ta duniya ta juriyar motoci wadda Kungiyar Motoci ta de l'Ouest (ACO) ta shirya kuma Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) ta amince da ita. Jerin wasannin ya maye gurbin tsohon Kofin Intercontinental Le Mans na ACO wanda ya fara a shekarar 2010 kuma shine sake farfaɗo da Gasar Cin Kofin Motar Wasanni ta Duniya wacce ta ƙare bayan kakar wasa ta shekarar 1992 . A da, FIA ta yi amfani da sunan Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Dorewa daga 1981 zuwa 1985 . Jerin motocin ya ƙunshi nau'ikan motoci da yawa da ke fafatawa a tseren juriya, tare da samfuran wasanni da ke fafatawa a ajin Hypercar ( LMH ko LMDh ), da kuma motocin da ke yin manyan motoci (GT) waɗanda ke fafatawa a ajin LM GT3 . Ana kuma bayar da kyaututtukan zakaran duniya ga direbobi da masana'antun da suka fi samun maki a kakar wasa, <ref name="FIA WEC">{{Cite web |date=3 June 2011 |title=2012 FIA World Endurance Championship |url=http://fia.com/en-GB/mediacentre/pressreleases/fiasport/2011/Pages/fia-wec.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606063434/http://fia.com/en-GB/mediacentre/pressreleases/fiasport/2011/Pages/fia-wec.aspx |archive-date=6 June 2011 |access-date=4 June 2011 |website=fia.com |publisher=[[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]]}}</ref> <ref name="FIA WMSC">{{Cite web |date=3 June 2011 |title=World Motor Sport Council |url=http://fia.com/en-GB/mediacentre/pressreleases/wmsc/2011/Pages/wmsc-030611.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606063414/http://www.fia.com/en-GB/mediacentre/pressreleases/wmsc/2011/Pages/wmsc-030611.aspx |archive-date=6 June 2011 |access-date=4 June 2011 |website=fia.com |publisher=[[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]]}}</ref> yayin da za a bayar da wasu kofuna da kofuna ga direbobi da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu . <ref name="ACO WEC">{{Cite web |date=9 June 2011 |title=The FIA World Endurance Championship is unveiled! |url=http://www.lemans.org/en/races/24h/update/The-FIA-World-Endurance-Championship-is-unveiled--_4068.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616155004/http://www.lemans.org/en/races/24h/update/The-FIA-World-Endurance-Championship-is-unveiled--_4068.html |archive-date=16 June 2011 |access-date=9 June 2011 |website=lemans.org |publisher=[[Automobile Club de l'Ouest]]}}</ref> Direbobin zamani sun bayyana tseren Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya a matsayin wanda ke da gasa mai ƙarfi, gasa mai ƙarfi a kan hanya a tsawon lokacin taron, tare da ci gaba da cin nasara da kuma tsere mai ƙarfi a duk matakai na tseren. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Behind the Scenes of Endurance Racing ft. Porsche Penske |url=https://www.fanamp.com/articles/wec-cota-porsche-penske-insider-2025 |access-date=2026-02-02 |website=www.fanamp.com |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kuma fara gudanar da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Juriya a shekarar 2012 a matsayin madadin Gasar Cin Kofin Intercontinental Le Mans, <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=FIA announces World Endurance Championship |url=http://www.planetlemans.com/2011/06/03/fia-announces-world-endurance-championship/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018211324/http://www.planetlemans.com/2011/06/03/fia-announces-world-endurance-championship/ |archive-date=18 October 2011 |access-date=12 November 2011 |publisher=Planetlemans.com}}</ref> bayan tsarin da aka saba da shi kuma yana da tseren juriya guda takwas a duk faɗin duniya, ciki har da tseren awanni 24 na Le Mans . <ref name="FIA WMSC" /> Akwai nau'i huɗu: samfuran LMP1 da LMP2 tare da manyan masu yawon buɗe ido na GTE, waɗanda aka raba zuwa GTE Pro ga ƙungiyoyi masu jerin direbobi na ƙwararru, da kuma GTE Am ga ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke nuna gaurayen direbobin da ba su da ƙwarewa. Ganin yadda masana'antun ke fuskantar raguwar sha'awarsu a cikin ajin LMP1 bayan kakar wasa ta 2017, FIA ta ba da umarnin yin bincike kan ƙa'idodi na gaba na manyan rukunin gasar. Shawarar da aka sani da Le Mans Hypercar (LMH), ta yi kira da a daina amfani da samfurin Le Mans Prototype kuma a rage dogaro da fasahar zamani. An tsara shawarar ne don ta sa gasar ta zama mafi jan hankali ga masana'antun motoci, kuma ta ambaci samfuran manyan motoci kamar Aston Martin Vulcan da McLaren Senna GTR a matsayin misalan motocin da sabbin ƙa'idojin ke fatan jawo hankalinsu. [1] [2] Ajin Hypercar ya fara bayyana a kakar wasa ta 2021, tare da shigar LMH daga Alpine, Glickenhaus da Toyota. [3] Daga 2023, masu shiga gasar LMDh za su iya yin gasa ta cikakken lokaci a cikin ajin Hypercar tare da LMH. [4] A shekarar 2021, ACO ta sanar da cewa jerin za su rabu da nau'ikan LMGTE guda biyu, bayan raguwar sha'awar masana'anta cikin sauri. Kakar wasa ta shekarar 2022 za ta kasance ta ƙarshe ajin LMGTE Pro, kuma daga 2024, za a maye gurbin LMGTE Am da wani nau'in GT3, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "GT3 Premium" wanda ke nuna sauya kayan aikin jiki daga injinan GT3 na yau da kullun. <ref>{{Cite web |title=GT3 cars to replace GTE class at Le Mans from 2024 |url=https://www.motorsport.com/wec/news/gt3-cars-to-replace-gte-class-at-le-mans-from-2024/6650861/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823185237/https://www.motorsport.com/wec/news/gt3-cars-to-replace-gte-class-at-le-mans-from-2024/6650861/ |archive-date=23 August 2021 |access-date=20 August 2021 |website=www.motorsport.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=WEC drops GTE Pro class for 2023 |url=https://www.autosport.com/wec/news/wec-drops-gte-pro-class-for-2023/10319413/ |access-date=10 August 2022 |website=www.autosport.com |language=en}}</ref> A cewar shugaban Hukumar Kula da Lafiyar Jama'a ta FIA, Richard Mille, FIA na da nufin samar da wani nau'in da ya mayar da hankali kan abokan ciniki inda masana'antun ba za su iya shiga a hukumance ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lloyd |first=Daniel |title=ACO's Future GT Class Set to Prohibit Factory Entries – Sportscar365 |url=https://sportscar365.com/lemans/wec/future-gt-class-set-to-prohibit-factory-teams/ |access-date=26 August 2021 |website=sportscar365.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Shekarar 2024 ta zama kakar wasa ta farko a tarihin jerin wasannin da ajin LMP2 ba zai fito a kan layin yanar gizo ba, saboda karuwar bukatar shiga cikakken kakar wasa don Hypercar da kuma ajin LMGT3 mai zuwa. Rukunin ya ci gaba da kasancewa cibiyar tsaro ta Awa 24 ta Le Mans, tare da akalla ramuka 15 da aka ajiye a kan grid ɗin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Klein |first=Jamie |last2=Watkins |first2=Gary |date=9 June 2023 |title=LMP2 class axed by WEC for 2024, but will stay at Le Mans |url=https://www.motorsport.com/wec/news/lmp2-axed-2024-hypercar-lmgt3/10480550/ |access-date=23 May 2025 |website=[[Motorsport.com]] |publisher=[[Motorsport Network]]}}</ref> == Tsarin == Za a yanke hukunci a kan kambuna guda huɗu kuma a bayar da su a kakar wasa ta yanzu (kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2026) bisa ga jimillar maki, inda ake ɗaukar biyu a matsayin zakarun duniya: Gasar Hypercar World Endurance Drivers' Championship da Gasar Hypercar World Endurance Manufacturers' Championship. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Trophies & cups – FIA World Endurance Championship |url=https://www.fiawec.com/en/trophies-cups/33 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814232832/https://www.fiawec.com/en/trophies-cups/33 |archive-date=14 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=www.fiawec.com}}</ref> Tsarin maki yayi kama da wanda aka yi amfani da shi a sauran gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIA, inda ake ba da maki ga manyan 'yan wasa goma da suka kammala a kan sikelin maki mai zamewa daga na farko zuwa na goma. Motocin da suka kammala tseren amma aka sanya su a matsayi na sha ɗaya ko sama da haka za a ba su rabin maki. Ga tseren sa'o'i 8 da 10, maki suna da darajar kusan sau 1.5 (watau maki 25 don cin nasara yana da darajar maki 38 a waɗannan tseren). A tsawon awanni 24 na Le Mans, maki sun kai kusan ninki biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Points – FIA World Endurance Championship |url=https://www.fiawec.com/en/points/70 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819131238/https://www.fiawec.com/en/points/70 |archive-date=19 August 2021 |access-date=17 August 2021 |website=www.fiawec.com}}</ref> == Tsere == === Tseren da ake yi a yanzu (2026) === {| class="wikitable" !Tseren ! Da'ira ! Lokutan Aiki |- | Awa 6 na Imola |{{Flagicon|ITA}} [[Imola Circuit|Motar Enzo da Dino Ferrari]] | 2024–yanzu |- | 6 Heures de Spa-Francorchamps |{{Flagicon|BEL}} [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps]] | 2012 - yanzu |- | Awa 24 na Le Mans |{{Flagicon|FRA}} [[Circuit de la Sarthe]] | 2012 - yanzu |- | Awanni 6 na Sao Paulo |{{Flagicon|BRA}} [[Interlagos Circuit|Da'irar Interlagos]] | 2012–2014, 2024–yanzu |- | Lone Star Le Mans |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Circuit of the Americas|Da'irar Amurka]] | 2013–2017, 2020, 2024–yanzu |- | Awanni 6 na Fuji |{{Flagicon|JPN}} [[Fuji Speedway]] | 2012–2019, 2022–yanzu |- | Awanni 6 na Barcelona |{{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya]] | 2026 |- | Awanni 6 na Monza |{{Flagicon|ITA}} [[Monza Circuit|Motar Nazionale ta Monza]] | 2021–2023, 2026 |} === Tseren da suka dawo (2027) === {| class="wikitable" !Tseren ! Da'ira ! Lokutan Aiki |- | Katar 1812 km |{{Flagicon|QAT}} [[Losail International Circuit|Da'irar Kasa da Kasa ta Lusail]] | 2024–2025, 2027 |- | Awanni 6 na Silverstone |{{Flagicon|GBR}} [[Silverstone Circuit|Da'irar Silverstone]] | 2012–2019, 2027 |- | Awa 8 na Bahrain |{{Flagicon|BHR}} [[Bahrain International Circuit|Da'irar Kasa da Kasa ta Bahrain]] | 2012–2017, 2019–2025, 2027<br /><br /><br /><br /> (Tsarin tsere guda biyu a shekarar 2021) |} === Tsoffin tsere === {| class="wikitable" !Tseren ! Da'ira ! Lokutan Aiki |- | Awanni 4 na Shanghai |{{Flagicon|CHN}} [[Shanghai International Circuit|Da'irar Kasa da Kasa ta Shanghai]] | 2012–2019 |- | Awanni 6 na Mexico |{{Flagicon|MEX}} [[Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez]] | 2016–2017 |- | Awanni 6 na Nürburgring |{{Flagicon|DEU}} [[Nürburgring]] | 2015–2017 |- | Awanni 6 na Portimao |{{Flagicon|POR}} [[Algarve International Circuit|Da'irar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Algarve]] | 2021, 2023 |- | Mil 1000 na Sebring |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Sebring International Raceway|Sebring International Traceway]] | 2019, 2022–2023 |- | Awanni 12 na Sebring |{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Sebring International Raceway|Sebring International Traceway]] | 2012 |} == Zakarun == == Nassoshi == 85jugwo0oc6eccprexd6n8rrubq9ozt 0 171691 975118 965712 2026-11-02T05:42:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''David Fair''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 1952) ɗan gwagwarmayar kare hakkin bil'adama ne kuma mai kula da ayyukan jama'a. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi David Fair a Philadelphia . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Knickerbocker |first=Ken |date=2025-08-23 |title=Philadelphia Leadership: David Fair, Executive Director, Turning Points for Children |url=https://philadelphia.today/2025/08/david-fair-leadership/ |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=PHILADELPHIA.Today |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Pennsylvania a 1975 tare da digiri a kimiyyar siyasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2013 |title=Interviews |url=https://afamaidsoralhistory.wordpress.com/interviews/}}</ref> Yayinda yake dalibi, ya shirya goyon baya ga tsige Shugaba Richard Nixon kuma ya kafa Majalisar 'Yancin Masu Zabe ta Penn . <ref>{{Cite web |title=23 Dec 1973, Page 6 - The Philadelphia Inquirer at Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/179974789/?terms=%22david+fair%22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Daily Pennsylvanian |url=https://dparchives.library.upenn.edu/?a=d&d=tdp19711210-01.2.5&srpos=2&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-%22david+fair%22+penn+voters+rights+council------ |website=dparchives.library.upenn.edu |access-date=2026-09-14 |archive-date=2024-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130073355/https://dparchives.library.upenn.edu/?a=d&d=tdp19711210-01.2.5&srpos=2&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-%22david+fair%22+penn+voters+rights+council------ |url-status=dead}}</ref> A shekara ta 1971, Fair ta lashe karar tarayya, Fair v. Osser (CA No. 71-2212), wanda ya tabbatar da cewa daliban Pennsylvania suna da damar jefa kuri'a tare da adiresoshin harabar su. == Yunkurin gwagwarmaya na farko == A shekara ta 1976, Fair ya bayyana a fili a matsayin ɗan luwaɗi a karo na farko a wani taro a Cibiyar Jama'a ta Philadelphia . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Villemez |first=Jason |date=2023-05-25 |title=David Fair to receive legacy award at PGN Pride Brunch |url=https://epgn.com/2023/05/25/david-fair-to-receive-legacy-award-at-pgn-pride-brunch/ |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=Philadelphia Gay News |language=en-US}}</ref> Bayan wannan, Fair ya shiga cikin kungiyoyin LGBTQ da yawa na gida. A shekara ta 1977, Fair ta kasance mai aiki a cikin kungiyar Gays a Penn a lokacin da suka samu nasarar kamfen din da suka samu don tura Jami'ar Pennsylvania ta karɓi manufofin jima'i marasa nuna bambanci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=David Fair - 1976 |url=http://waygay.org/40-years40-stories/2015/10/26/david-fair-1976 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315003814/http://www.waygay.org/40-years40-stories/2015/10/26/david-fair-1976 |archive-date=2018-03-15 |access-date=2018-01-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Out on Campus – AHA |url=https://www.historians.org/perspectives-article/out-on-campus-a-collaborative-project-on-pennsylvania-lgbtq-history-december-2022/ |access-date=2026-05-01 |website=www.historians.org |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara ta 1978, Fair ya jagoranci kokarin shirya kungiyar Philadelphia Lesbian and Gay Task Force (PLGTF), wacce ta kasance mai aiki har zuwa tsakiyar 2000s.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=N/A |date= |title=Philadelphia Lesbian and Gay Task Force records |url=https://archives.libraries.psu.edu/repositories/3/resources/681 |access-date=2026-05-14 |website=archives.libraries.psu.edu}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, ya taimaka wajen kafa kwamitin kiwon lafiya na LGBTQ a cikin PLGTF . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-28 |title=Philadelphia nonprofit has concerns about Trump administration's plan to dismantle CDC's HIV prevention division - CBS Philadelphia |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/philadelphia/news/mazzoni-center-cdc-hiv-prevention-division/ |access-date=2025-12-26 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Kwamitin daga baya ya zama mai zaman kansa Lavender Health, daga baya aka sake masa suna Cibiyar Mazzoni don girmama likitan Peter Mazzoni. == Ayyuka da gwagwarmayar cutar kanjamau == === Ayyuka na farko da tsarin siyasa na LGBTQ === A shekara ta 1979, Fair da sauran masu fafutuka na cikin gida sun kafa kwamitin kamfen na magajin gari don tallafawa mai goyon bayan LGBTQ City Councilman Lucien Blackwell . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Special Collections Research Center - Temple University Libraries |url=https://library.temple.edu/scrc/scott-wilds-collection |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315134800/https://library.temple.edu/scrc/scott-wilds-collection |archive-date=2018-03-15 |access-date=2018-01-14 |website=library.temple.edu}}</ref> Tsakanin 1980 da 1988, Fair ya yi aiki ga ƙungiyar ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya 1199C, inda ya inganta ayyukan aiki na adalci tare da ba da shawara don ƙarin goyon baya da karɓa na LGBTQ.[1] === Yunkurin yaki da cutar kanjamau / AIDS na farko === A tsakiyar shekarun 1980s, Fair ya shiga cikin martani na gida ga annobar HIV / AIDS, yana aiki tare da kungiyoyin al'umma da hukumomin birni.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Villemez |first=Jason |date=2023-05-25 |title=David Fair to receive legacy award at PGN Pride Brunch |url=https://epgn.com/2023/05/25/david-fair-to-receive-legacy-award-at-pgn-pride-brunch/ |access-date=2026-06-05 |website=Philadelphia Gay News |language=en-US}}</ref> A farkon shekarun da aka fara fama da annobar cutar HIV/AIDS, Fair ta ƙarfafa magajin garin Philadelphia mai ci, Wilson Goode, da ya kafa Hukumar Gaggawa ta Gaggawa ta Lafiya ta Magajin Gari, wadda ta zama ƙoƙari na farko a gwamnatin birnin Philadelphia don ƙirƙirar martanin gaggawa ga annobar cutar AIDS.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2025}}A wannan shekarar, Fair ta bai wa sabuwar ƙungiyar hana cutar kanjamau ta Baƙar fata Ilmantar da Baƙaƙe Game da Matsalolin Lafiyar Jima'i ( [[BEBASHI]] ) ofishinta na <ref>{{Cite web |title=AIDS and AIDS Activism - Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/aids-and-aids-activism/ |website=philadelphiaencyclopedia.org}}</ref> A shekarar 1986, Fair ta rubuta ''AIDS and Minorities in Philadelphia: A Crisis Ignored'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=AIDS and AIDS Activism |url=https://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/essays/aids-and-aids-activism/ |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia |language=en-US}}</ref> don BEBASHI kuma ta fara shiga cikin shirya al'ummar 'yan Afirka-Amurka da Latino LGBTQ don yaƙi da annobar a cikin al'ummominsu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=11 Mar 1986, Page 15 - The Philadelphia Inquirer at Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/168779087/?terms=%22david+fair%22+gay}}</ref> A taron ƙasa na 1986 na Ƙungiyar Baƙaƙe da Fari Maza Tare, Fair ta gabatar da jawabi mai mahimmanci kan wariyar launin fata ga fararen luwaɗi, wanda daga baya aka buga a cikin ''Speaking for Our Lives: Historic Speeches and Rhetoric for Gay and Lesbian Rights 1892-2000'' .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2026}} Tun daga wannan lokacin har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1990, Fair ta ba da gudummawa ga ƙoƙarin yaƙi da wariyar launin fata a cikin al'ummomin LGBT da HIV/AIDS a Philadelphia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tommi Avicolli Mecca subject files, slides, and audiocassettes, 1971-1989 |url=http://dla.library.upenn.edu/dla/pacscl/ead.html?q=%22david+fair%22&id=PACSCL_HSP_JJWSC0025& |website=dla.library.upenn.edu}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1987, Magajin Garin Philadelphia Goode ya nemi Fair ta kafa Ofishin Gudanar da Ayyukan Kanjamau . <ref>{{Cite web |title=23 Nov 1987, Page 16 - The Philadelphia Inquirer at Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/169924743/?terms=%22david+r.+fair%22}}</ref> Goode ya samar da tallafin kuɗi na dala miliyan 6 na birnin Fair ba tare da wani ƙuntatawa ba, wanda ya haifar da ƙirƙirar hanyar sadarwa ta ayyukan da suka shafi HIV.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2026}} Ba da daɗewa ba bayan naɗinsa, Fair ya gabatar da jawabi ga taron Unguwa kan cutar kanjamau, yana kira da a fahimci cewa kawar da cutar kanjamau yana nufin shirya unguwanni don yaƙi da kamuwa da cutar kanjamau tsakanin ƙungiyoyi ciki har da 'yan luwaɗi masu launin fata, waɗanda ke yaƙi da jaraba, mata, da sauran waɗanda a tarihi ƙungiyoyin AIDS suka yi watsi da su.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2025}} Fair ya bar ofishin cutar kanjamau a cikin 1990 <ref>{{Cite web |title=7 Feb 1990, Page 10 - Philadelphia Daily News at Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/186393520/?terms=david+fair}}</ref> don jagorantar kungiyar bayar da shawarwari kawai ta birnin da ta kunshi mutanen da ke zaune tare da cutar kanjamauyyar HIV, wanda ake kira Mu Mutanen da ke zaune da cutar kansar AIDS / HIV na Kwarin Delaware. <ref>{{Cite web |title=We The People Living With AIDS/HIV of the Delaware Valley, Inc. |url=https://www.thebody.com/author/we-the-people-living-with-aids-hiv-of-the-delaware-valley |access-date=2026-03-10 |website=TheBody |language=en}}</ref> === zanga-zangar cutar kanjamau da kuma kai tsaye === In 1991, Fair was arrested and injured by Philadelphia police at an ACT-UP demonstration against President George H.W. Bush.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Philadelphia Inquirer at Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/176398297/?terms=%22david%20fair%22%20philadelphia%20arrest&match=1}}</ref> As a result of a lawsuit filed against the Philadelphia Police Department, Fair received a settlement of $3,000 ($7164.14 in 2026 dollars).{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2026}} == Ayyukan yara da shawarwari == === Jagoranci mara riba da ci gaba da bayar da shawarwari === Ya kuma kafa Philly Homes 4 Youth, Quality Parenting Initiative, da Philadelphia Coalition on Opioids and Children . <ref>{{Cite web |title=David Fair |url=https://lifteveryvoicephilly.org/people/david-fair/ |url-status=live |access-date=May 16, 2026 |website=Life Every Voice Philly}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kungiyoyin da aka kafa == Fair ya kafa kuma ya jagoranci kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da kuma shirye-shiryen jama'a da suka mayar da hankali kan haƙƙin LGBTQ, kiwon lafiyar jama'a, gidaje, da sabis na iyali a Philadelphia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=David Fair |url=https://seniorlawcenter.org/david-fair/ |access-date=May 16, 2026 |website=Senior Law Center}}</ref> A ƙarshen shekarun 1970, Fair ta taimaka wajen kafa wasu shirye-shiryen kare haƙƙin LGBTQ a Philadelphia, ciki har da Ƙungiyar Ayyukan 'Yan Madigo da 'Yan Luwaɗi ta Philadelphia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Daily Pennsylvanian |url=https://dparchives.library.upenn.edu/?a=d&d=tdp19790306-01.2.16&srpos=1&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-%22David+Fair%22+%22Lesbian+and+gay+task+force%22------ |website=dparchives.library.upenn.edu |access-date=2026-09-14 |archive-date=2025-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250425234531/https://dparchives.library.upenn.edu/?a=d&d=tdp19790306-01.2.16&srpos=1&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-%22David+Fair%22+%22Lesbian+and+gay+task+force%22------ |url-status=dead}}</ref> A shekarar 1978, ya kafa bikin al'adun 'yan luwadi na Philadelphia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Daily Pennsylvanian |url=https://dparchives.library.upenn.edu/?a=d&d=tdp19790309-01.2.9&srpos=14&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-%22David+Fair%22------ |website=dparchives.library.upenn.edu |access-date=2026-09-14 |archive-date=2025-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250424010949/https://dparchives.library.upenn.edu/?a=d&d=tdp19790309-01.2.9&srpos=14&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-%22David+Fair%22------ |url-status=dead}}</ref> A shekarar 1985, ya kafa ƙungiyar marasa gidaje ta Philadelphia/Delaware Valley Union of the Homeless.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2026}} kuma ya zama mai magana da yawun. A shekarar 1987, ya jagoranci ƙirƙirar Ofishin Gudanar da Ayyukan AIDS na Ma'aikatar Lafiyar Jama'a ta Philadelphia.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2026}} A cikin shekarun 2000, ya jagoranci ƙirƙirar Sashen Ayyukan Rigakafi na Al'umma don Ma'aikatar Lafiyar Jama'a ta Philadelphia,{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2026}} Haɗin gwiwar Iyaye don Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Dan Adam ta Philadelphia,{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2026}} da kuma ƙirƙirar Shirin Inganta Iyaye ga Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Dan Adam ta Philadelphia.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2026}} A shekarar 2017, ya kafa ƙungiyar Philly Homes 4 Youth, wata ƙungiyar kare hakkin matasa marasa gidaje.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2026}} == Karramawa da kyaututtuka == A tsakanin 1989–1990, an amince da ayyukan Fair ta hanyar cutar AIDS a taron Barrio, Kwamitin Hulɗa da Jama'a na Philadelphia, Kwamitin Haɗin Kan Philadelphia, Unity/Philadelphia, Dignity/Philadelphia, Majalisar Birnin Philadelphia, da Ofishin Magajin Gari. Fair ya samar da wani bidiyo ''mai suna Epidemic: The AIDS Emergency in Philadelphia'', '''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Murphy |first=Tim |date=November 28, 2017 |title=Look Here! Beautiful Images From 30 Years of Philadelphia AIDS Activism |url=http://www.thebody.com/content/80629/look-here-beautiful-images-from-30-years-of-philad.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171128225231/http://www.thebody.com/content/80629/look-here-beautiful-images-from-30-years-of-philad.html |archive-date=November 28, 2017 |access-date=March 30, 2021 |website=The Body}}</ref>''' wanda ya sami kyautar Mai Sadarwa ta Shekara daga Ƙungiyar Hulɗa da Jama'a ta Kudu maso Gabashin Pennsylvania da kuma kyautar CINE don Inganta Bidiyo.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2026}} A shekarar 2024, an shigar da Fair cikin zauren shahara na Philadelphia LGBTQ+. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2024 |title=Councilmember Rue Landau Presents LGBTQ+ Hall of Fame Awards at First Annual Ceremony |url=https://phlcouncil.com/councilmember-rue-landau-presents-lgbtq-hall-of-fame-awards-at-first-annual-ceremony/}}</ref> A shekarar 2025, an nuna fafutukar Fair a kakar wasa ta uku ta shirin HBO Max's ''Eyes on the Prize'', wanda ya yi nazari kan kokarin da ake yi na magance annobar cutar AIDS a cikin al'ummomin da ba su da launin fata a ƙarshen shekarun 1980.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2026}} Ya kuma sami kyautar ''The Philadelphia Inquirer'' Citizen Award, <ref>{{Cite web |title=23 Jun 2019, Page E9 - The Philadelphia Inquirer at Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/581456933/?terms=%22david%20fair%22%20%22citizen%20award%22&match=1}}</ref> kyautar City of Philadelphia Human Rights Award, <ref>{{Cite web |title=24 Sep 1991, Page 20 - The Philadelphia Inquirer at Newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/175261928/?terms=%22david+r.+fair%22}}</ref> da kuma kyautar ''Philadelphia Gay News'' Legacy Award. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=25 May 2023 |title=David Fair to receive legacy award at PGN Pride Brunch |url=https://epgn.com/2023/05/25/david-fair-to-receive-legacy-award-at-pgn-pride-brunch/}}</ref> Zuwa shekarar 2025, ya sami kyaututtuka sama da 50 na hidimar al'umma daga hukumomi daban-daban na gwamnati da masu zaman kansu.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2026}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] chfnltvt6svtiil9cnkngywoih79g8v 0 172173 974777 939191 2026-11-01T13:24:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|name=Hoffmann's rockcress|image=Boechera hoffmannii (14015818347).jpg|status=LE|status_system=ESA|status_ref=&nbsp;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/profile/speciesProfile.action?spcode=Q02U |title=Hoffmann's rock-cress (''Arabis hoffmannii'') |publisher=[[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]] |accessdate=February 28, 2010}}</ref>|genus=Boechera|species=hoffmannii|authority=([[Philip A. Munz|Munz]]) Al-Shehbaz|synonyms=''Arabis hoffmannii''}} '''''Boechera hoffmannii''''' (tsohon Arabis hoffmannii) wani nau'in fure ne mai ban sha'awa a cikin dangin Brassicaceae wanda aka sani da sunan Hoffmann's rockcress . Yana da iyaka ga Tsibirin Channel na California, inda aka san shi daga mutane uku ko hudu kawai a kan biyu daga cikin tsibirai takwas.<ref name="CPC">{{Cite web |title=Center for Plant Conservation Profile |url=http://www.centerforplantconservation.org/ASP/CPC_ViewProfile.asp?CPCNum=178 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425161037/http://www.centerforplantconservation.org/ASP/CPC_ViewProfile.asp?CPCNum=178 |archive-date=2009-04-25 |access-date=2008-09-16}}</ref> Wani rahoto na shekara ta 2005 ya kiyasta sauran yawan mutanen duniya na tsire-tsire 244. Yana da nau'in da ke cikin haɗari na tarayya. Wannan itace ne mai ɗorewa wanda ke samar da ɗaya ko fiye da tsayi daga ƙanƙara, mai gashi. Tushen ya kai matsakaicin tsawo tsakanin 50 zuwa 70 centimeters kuma reshe kusa da saman. An tara ganye sosai a kusa da caudex a cikin basal rosette. Suna da siffar mashi, fata tare da gashi a ƙasa, kuma har zuwa 10 centimeters tsawo. Akwai ganye da yawa a fadin tare da tushe wanda ke da tsawon 3 zuwa 6 centimeters. Inflorescence yana da furanni masu yawa fure ko purple tare da kauri, duhu sepals. 'Ya'yan itace suna da ƙarfi, ba tare da gashi ba har zuwa 10 centimeters tsawo dauke da layuka 2 na tsaba. Babban barazanar wanzuwar wannan tsire-tsire mai ban mamaki shine kiwo da rushewar da aladu suka haifar da gasa ta hanyar ciyawa masu mamayewa.<ref name="CPC" /> Yawan wannan shuka ma suna da jinkirin haifuwa. Suna da monocarpic, tare da kowane mutum yana rayuwa na 'yan shekaru, yana ba da 'ya'ya sau ɗaya, sannan yana mutuwa, kuma kowane yawan yana da mutane kaɗan da ke haifuwa a kowane shekara.<ref name="CPC" /> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190822152043/http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?2240,2250,2272 Jiki na Jepson] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ARHO Bayanan shuke-shuke na USDA] * [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Arabis+hoffmannii Hoton hoto] {{Taxonbar|from=Q4937071}} 320va0zqmaqeyot5lu0hnspwgtiz5rk 0 172184 974763 939209 2026-11-01T13:04:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974763 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|image=Sonoma sunshine imported from iNaturalist photo 362142688 on 20 August 2024.jpg|status=G1|status_system=TNC|status_ref=<ref name=tnc/>|genus=Blennosperma|species=bakeri|authority=Heiser}} '''''Blennosperma bakeri''''' wani nau'in shuke-shuke ne mai ban sha'awa a cikin dangin daisy da aka sani da sunayen Baker's stickyseed da Sonoma sunshine . == Rarraba == Yana da iyaka a Sonoma County, California, inda aka san shi daga wasu wuraren da suka rage a kan wuraren da ke cikin Laguna na Santa Rosa da Sonoma Valley. Yana da nau'in da ke cikin haɗari na tarayya. Ana samunsa tare da wasu tsire-tsire masu ban sha'awa ciki har da Sebastopol meadowfoam, ''Limnanthes vinculans'', da wuraren zinare na Burke, ''Lasthenia burkei'' . Barazanar rayuwarta sun haɗa da canjin mazauninta don ci gaba, kula da hanya, kiwo, da aikin gona, gami da tattarawa, kayan lambu ta hanyar thrips, da Tsire-tsire masu mamayewa. == Bayyanawa == Wannan karamin ganye ne na shekara-shekara a ƙarƙashin 30 centimeters tsawo. Shafuka suna da tsawon 5 zuwa 15 centimeters kuma suna da layi tare da lobes kusa da iyakar. Inflorescence yana ɗauke da wasu kawunan furanni. Kowane kai yana dauke da tsakiya na furanni masu launin rawaya, wasu daga cikinsu suna ɗauke da sanannun fararen stigmas da fararen pollen. A kusa da gefen kai akwai gefen furanni masu launin rawaya tare da ja stigmas. 'Ya'yan itace Achene ne mai tsawon millimeters wanda ya zama mai mannewa lokacin da ya yi rigar. An san shuka daga abubuwa goma sha biyar, amma shida daga cikin wadannan na iya lalacewa ko lalacewa. An halicci tafkuna da yawa na wucin gadi don ƙara yawan shuka, amma Hukumar Kifi da namun daji ta Amurka ba ta la'akari da waɗannan a matsayin isasshen maye gurbin tafkuna na halitta ba. == Dubi kuma == * Milo Samuel Baker == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220413090440/https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?609,820,821 Jiki na Jepson] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=BLBA Bayanan shuke-shuke na USDA] {{Taxonbar|from=Q4926084}} pbjzu4xwjcuioaa2i9wmiv5bvgvzmqj 0 172194 974766 939229 2026-11-01T13:09:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974766 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|taxon=Bloomeria humilis|authority=Hoover|range_map=Bloomeria humilis range.svg|image=Bloomeria humilis.jpg|status={{TNCStatus}}|status_system=TNC|status_ref=<ref name="TNC status 30 May 2022">{{Cite web|date=2022-05-30 |url= https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.143414|access-date=30 May 2022 |website=NatureServe Explorer Bloomeria humilis|title = NatureServe Explorer - Bloomeria humilis |publisher=NatureServe}}</ref>}} '''''Bloomeria humilis''''' wani nau'in shuke-shuke ne mai ban sha'awa wanda aka sani da sunan '''dwarf goldenstar'''. Yana da iyaka a San Luis Obispo County, California, inda aka sani daga wani abu daya kawai a bakin tekun kusa da San Simeon. == Bayyanawa == Shuka ce ta chaparral da kuma ciyawa na bakin teku. Itace ne mai tsayi wanda ke girma daga corm kuma yana samar da ganye ɗaya ko biyu har zuwa 10 centimeters tsawo. Inflorescence yana da tsayi har zuwa 8 ko 10 centimeters kuma yana da furanni da yawa, kowannensu a kan pedicel. Fure yana da nau'ikan rawaya masu launin ruwan kasa guda shida kowannensu har zuwa santimita daya. 'Ya'yan itace capsule ne game da rabin centimeter a tsawon. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160401122309/http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?8349,8435,8437 Jiki na Jepson] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=BLHU Bayanan shuke-shuke na USDA] * [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242101432 Flora na Arewacin Amurka] * [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Bloomeria+humilis Hoton hoto] {{Taxonbar|from=Q2907030}} p1c56zxz7rajm55m84wbvkjhkomh1dz 0 172480 974917 940247 2026-11-01T16:51:59Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 974917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Quote box|"The year is 2040. The place is Metropia. Here, a new hero prepares for action. The man who cannot die. The ghost who walks. The Phantom. The Phantom's pledge: To fight evil and injustice wherever they may be found. In this future world, in this dying city with the fate of the earth and all humanity in the balance. The Phantom is there!"|- opening narration.}}{{Episode table}} == Labari == Shekara ce ta 2040, duk bala'o'in muhalli da Yakin Tattalin Arziki daga farkon karni na 21 sun lalata ma'aunin yanayin halittu na Duniya da ta taɓa cika da rayuwa. A ko'ina, masu arziki da masu arziki suna ci gaba da bunƙasa a cikin ci gaban gidaje masu tsada waɗanda suka fi ƙarfin jama'a masu wahala. Wadanda abin ya shafa a duniya an tilasta su ciyar da su a kan sharar gida daga baya a kan tituna masu lalacewa na jihohin birane. A cikin Metropia wanda aka fi sani da [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]], mafi girma kuma mafi iko daga cikin jihohin birni, kamfanin kera robotics mai ƙarfi Maximum Inc. a hankali ya tsara cibiyar birni mai sanyi, mai tsayi, wanda ya ƙunshi manyan, hasumiyoyin zama da aka haɗa tare da bututun TubeTrain. "Biots" na robotic na Maximum Biological Optical Transputer System sun maye gurbin yawan ma'aikatan ɗan adam, kuma kamfanin yana samar da ƙwayoyin da aka haramta ba bisa ka'ida ba don samar da sojojin Maximum masu zaman kansu. A karkashin wannan siffar ingantaccen ci gaba, Maximum yana da nasa tsare-tsaren nan gaba, wanda yake nufin Maximum Era. Ta hanyar gina sansanin Cyberville, babban mafaka inda kawai mutane masu arziki da mafi yawan fitattun mutane za su koma baya, da kuma karɓar Metropia ta hanyar sojojinsa na biot, shirye-shiryensa sun haɗa da hanyar duhu na raguwa da halaka a matsayin sakamakon sakamakon kuskuren mutum da ƙoƙarinsa na baya, da zarar Duniya a ƙarshe ta fada cikin yanayin da ke lalacewa a hankali.<ref>"Reeves-Stephens.com". Reeves-Stephens Phantom 2040 writing credits. March 16, 2014.</ref> Bege kawai don tsira da bil'adama shine Ghost Jungle - dubban murabba'in mil na tsire-tsire masu canzawa waɗanda zasu iya zama ceton duniya. Wannan tushen sirri na rayuwa yana cikin ruwa a ƙarƙashin Metropia, wanda yawancin ba su gani ba. An zaɓi ɗalibin kwaleji Kit Walker Jr. ta hanyar ƙaddara don ceton duniya, yana sanye da baƙar fata da tufafi masu launin ruwan kasa na mai ceton mutanensa, Phantom na 24. Matsayin Phantom ya wuce daga uba zuwa ɗa tun daga karni na 16, wanda ya jagoranci duniya ta yi imani da cewa Phantom mutum ne marar mutuwa. Kit, na 24 a cikin layin, matashi ne, ba shi da tabbas, kuma ba shi da ƙwarewa, amma ya sami ƙarfin hali da ƙarfin hali a cikinsa don yaƙi da mugunta wanda ke barazanar hallaka Duniya. == Hotuna da haruffa == Muryar ''Phantom 2040''' ta haɗa da Scott Valentine, [[Margot Kidder]], Ron Perlman, Leah Remini, J.D. Hall, Alan Oppenheimer, Richard Lynch da Jeff Bennett - yayin da Mark Hamill, Debbie Harry, Rob Paulsen da Paul Williams ke da matsayi na maimaitawa. * '''Kit Walker, Jr.''' - Phantom na 24, ba a horar da Kit don rawar kamar kakanninsa ba. &nbsp;Mahaifinsa ya mutu a karkashin yanayi mai ban mamaki lokacin da yake jariri ne kawai, kuma ya girma ba tare da sanin game da gadonsa ba. Lokacin da Guran ya gaya masa game da Phantom a ranar haihuwarsa ta goma sha takwas, da farko bai yi imani ba amma ya ɗauki rawar tare da ƙara tabbaci. Kayan aikinsa sun haɗa da camouflage na gani don rashin ganuwa, band din hannu wanda ke dauke da kwamfuta mai ƙarfi analytical da kuma wani wanda ke dauke dauke da igiyar inductance mai basira. Yana da motoci da yawa, ciki har da Hypercycle mai saurin tashi, jirgin ruwa mai fasinja da yawa, da kuma ingantaccen Mustang na 1999 mai suna "Hero", bayan doki na 21 na Phantom. Bayan ya kayar da Maximum Inc, ya dubi hutu mai tsawo, har zuwa ranar da ake buƙatar Phantom. Scott Valentine ne ya bayyana shi. * '''Guran''' - Mai ba da shawara ga Kit, wanda danginsa ke taimakawa Phantom na tsararraki. &nbsp;Tare da Jack Archer, Guran ya ba da umarni ga Phantom a cikin yaƙi, ɗabi'a, da rayuwa kanta, kuma ana ganinsa akai-akai yana maimaita "tsoffin maganganun daji" ga Kit da sauransu. Bayan mutuwar Phantom na 23, Guran ya zargi kansa, kuma ya cinye cikin baƙin ciki da ƙiyayya da kansa ya zama sanannen Shadow Panther har sai Kit Walker Jr. ya sake shi daga makoki har abada.[[J. D. Hall]] ya bayyana shi. * '''Jack Archer''' - Masanin kimiyya kuma farfesa a ilmin halitta a jami'ar Kit. &nbsp;Bayan Kit ya sanya asalin Phantom, Archer yana ɗaukar ɗan gajeren lokaci don ƙaddara cewa su iri ɗaya ne kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin 'yan kalilan da suka san ainihin Phantom. Tare da Guran, Archer ya ɗauki matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Kit, musamman a fannonin kimiyya da na zamani na iliminsa. Daga baya, saboda sha'awarsa na yin aiki don mafi kyau kamar Kit, ya buɗe ƙaramin hukumar bincike kamar iyalinsa a gabansa. Alan Oppenheimer ne ya bayyana shi. * '''"Sparks" Daniel Aguilar ''' - Wani matashi, maraya mai tsalle-tsalle na yanar gizo wanda Kit ya cece shi bayan kuskuren Maximum Sparks a matsayin Phantom. &nbsp;An karɓi Sparks ba bisa ka'ida ba a cikin kogon Phantom, kuma yana taimakawa a sassa na fasaha na ayyukansu. Lokacin da yake dan shekara uku, Maximum ya sace iyayensa, Esteban da María, kuma ya yi amfani da su azaman kwayar hankali don "ginin rayuwa" Project Gauntlet, tsarin tsaro na Cyberville. [[Pamela Adlon]] ce ta furta shi. * '''Sagan Cruz''' - 'yar sanda ta Metropian ko "Enforcer", wacce ta janyo hankalin Kit amma da farko ba ta san ainihinsa ba, kuma tana da shakku game da dalilan Phantom. &nbsp;Daga baya ta gano sirrinsa kuma daga ƙarshe ta zama sha'awar soyayya da abokin tarayya na Kit. Tana da kare 'yan sanda mai suna D.V.L. a reference to the 21st Phantom's wolf, Devil kuma a cikin yaƙi tana da rigar Enforcer mai kyau. Leah Remini ce ta furta shi. * '''Heloise Walker''' - Dangi ne kawai mai rai na Kit, Heloise 'yar 21st Phantom ce, 'yar'uwar 22nd Phantom, mahaifiyar 23rd Phantom, da kuma tsohuwar mahaifiyar Kit Walker, Jr. - 24th Phantom. &nbsp;Ta riƙe gaskiya daga Kit, tana fatan zai iya rayuwa ta yau da kullun, amma ya yarda da zaɓin Kit na zama Phantom na 24 kuma ya taimaka masa a cikin shirye-shiryensa na dakatar da Maximum Inc. Carrie Snodgress ta bayyana. * '''Rebecca Madison''' - Mai laifi na jerin, shugaban Maximum Inc. kuma gwauruwar Maxwell Madison Sr., mai kisan Phantom na 23. &nbsp;Rebecca ta shirya gina Cyberville, wani sansanin fasaha wanda ba za a iya shiga ba inda zaɓaɓɓun masu arziki da ƙwararrun zasu iya neman mafaka lokacin da Duniya ta fara lalacewa wani abu da sojojin Rebecca na karkashin kasa za su tabbatar da ya faru nan ba da daɗewa ba amma shirin mamayewa yana rushewa akai-akai ta hanyar Phantom. Duk da mummunar hanyar da take da ita, tana da wasu halaye masu fansa, kamar son sanin cewa ɗanta yana da lafiya kafin ya kwashe daga hari, da kuma Kit yana ba da shawarar cewa ita mace ce mai kaɗaici. Baya ga Graft da ɗanta, Maxwell Madison Jr., babu wasu mutane da Maximum ke aiki, wanda ke da nasa biots suna yin duk aiki. A ƙarshe, tare da duk laifukan da ta aikata a duniya, an kama ta da sauri kuma an tura ta kurkuku. [[Margot Kidder]] ce ta furta shi. * '''Maxwell Madison Jr.''' - Ɗan Rebecca mai cutar psychopathic, wanda basira ta lalace saboda ragoncinsa da rashin sha'awar kusan komai. &nbsp;Lokacin da yake da ra'ayi game da wani abu, sai ya gabatar da shi kamar yadda ya fito ne daga cat dinsa, Charles Baudelaire. Yana da damuwa game da tunanin mutum game da cututtukan da suka samo asali ne daga asarar mahaifinsa tun yana ƙarami. Katinsa, watakila alamar ƙarshe ta ƙaunar mahaifinsa a gare shi, ita ce kawai abokinsa mafi aminci. A ƙarshe, bayan an kama Rebecca duka shi da cat dinsa, an tura su asibitin mahaukaci, ko kuma kamar yadda Cruz ya ce, "kotu mai laushi". Jeff Bennett ne ya bayyana shi. * '''Hubert Graft''' - Shugaban Tsaro na Rebecca Madison kuma babban mai aiwatar da doka, cyborg. &nbsp;Ya kasance mai kula da muhalli wanda ya juya ya yi yaƙi da Maximum don kare gandun daji na Amazon, kafin ya rasa dukan jikinsa a ƙarƙashin kafadu a yaƙi. Maximum ya sake gina jikin Graft ta amfani da sassan biot, yana ba Rebecca Madison cikakken iko akan rayuwar Graft. Za'a iya cire jikin jikin Graft wani tsari mai raɗaɗi a sonia kuma a haɗa shi cikin wasu tsarin robotic wanda Graft ke da cikakken iko, galibi Urban Combat Biot Walker, ƙwayoyin ƙarfe guda goma da ke dauke da lasers da yatsunsu. Duk da wannan, har yanzu yana da sha'awar kare yanayi kuma zai yi aiki tare da Phantom idan babbar barazana ta same shi. Sau da yawa Phantom ya tambayi idan zai so ya tsere wa hannun Maximum, amma koyaushe yana karkatar da wannan tayin. Har ila yau, yana adawa da cutar da yara, koda kuwa wannan yaro ya keta kuma ya lalata fasahar kamfanin mai mahimmanci. A ƙarshe, bayan da aka ci Maximum Inc, an ambaci cewa an tura shi zuwa gidan rabin hanya. Ron Perlman ne ya bayyana a kakar wasa ta farko, kuma Richard Lynch ne a karo na biyu. * '''Dokta Jak''' - Wani dan jaridar talabijin mai launin rawaya wanda ke ba da rahoton ayyukan Phantom tare da mummunan juyawa. &nbsp;Girmansa da girman kai ya sa ya yi imani cewa maimakon ya zama mai ba da labarai kawai, shi ne "labari", sabili da haka duk abin da bai gani ba kamar rufe idonsa da gangan lokacin da aka bayyana cewa ana tsara Phantom) ba labarai ba ne. A cikin "Matter Over Mind", an gano cewa bayan matar Jak ta mutu a hadarin Grand Central Station, ya yi ƙoƙari ya yi aiki ba bisa ka'ida ba don haɗa kwamfuta mai nazari a cikin tunaninsa, amma an katse aikin kuma shirin nazari ya ɓace. Dokta Jak ya bar wani bangare-biot, tare da kayan ji a kansa da kuma ido mai ma'ana da yawa wanda yake amfani da shi don yin fim din shirinsa na labarai, The Dr. Jak Show . Halinsa da yadda ya aikata laifuka na Phantom suna kama da J. Jonah Jameson na ''Spider-Man'' . Mark Hamill ne ya bayyana shi. * Mista Cairo - Wani mai ba da labari mai ban mamaki wanda ya bayyana ne kawai a cikin watsa shirye-shiryen holographic kuma wanda ke hulɗa da Phantom da Maximum Inc. Da farko, ya gano ainihin asalin Phantom amma ya zaɓi ya hana bayanin daga Rebecca Madison duk da babbar lada da aka bayar. &nbsp;Daga baya an bayyana shi a zahiri shine shirin nazari mai hankali wanda ya rabu da sanin Dokta Jak, amma ya yanke shawarar kada ya sake shiga tunanin Dokta Jak kuma a maimakon haka ya ci gaba da taimakawa Phantom, kodayake ya sadu da ƙarshen sa lokacin da Max Jr. ya rufe iko tare da shi har yanzu a ciki, ya share shi. Paul Williams ne ya bayyana shi. * Sean One - Mutum na farko da aka haifa a sararin samaniya kuma wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban Free Orbital Movement, Sean One yana neman 'yancin kai ga yankunan Orbital. &nbsp;Mutum ne mai girman kai kuma mai tsayi, yana yin leken asiri da hare-haren ta'addanci don cimma burinsa kuma ba zai iya tafiya da kansa ba yayin da yake gaban nauyi. Ana girmama shi tsakanin mazaunan Orbitals a hanyar da ta yi kama da allah kuma ba shi da damuwa sosai ga wanda yake kira "bayin nauyi" na Duniya. An kayar da shi lokacin da ya sanar da shirinsa na yin magudi da kuri'un don sanya Orbital Colonies masu zaman kansu, da kuma ƙoƙarin kashe Vaingloria. Rob Paulsen ne ya bayyana shi. * Gorda - Wani mai aikata laifuka mai kiba da kuma mai smuggler daga Ostiraliya wanda ba zai iya motsawa da kansa ba kuma yana da rundunar sojoji masu karfi, masu launin ja a ƙarƙashin umurninsa. &nbsp;Tana nufin kanta a cikin tsarin kyamara mai kama-da-wane kuma tana da robot Kangaroo mai dauke da makamai a matsayin abokinta kawai. A ƙarshe, an kama ta kuma aka kai ta Australia don jiran shari'a. Paddi Edwards ne ya bayyana shi. * '''Heisenberg''' - Wani nau'i mai canza fasalin da Max Madison Jr. ya gina ta amfani da nanites da Sean One ya girma a sararin samaniya, wanda Maxwell ya kira bayan masanin kimiyyar Jamus Werner Heisenberg. &nbsp;Heisenberg shine farkon tsayayyen fractal biot wanda Maximum ya kirkira kuma Maxwell ne ke sarrafa shi ta amfani da kwakwalwa mai nisa wanda dole ne a ɗauka a cikin shari'a. An tilasta Heisenberg ya zama Phantom kuma ya yi nasarar aikata shi da taimakon Dokta Jak, amma bayan gwagwarmaya da Phantom, Maxwell ya rasa kwakwalwa mai nisa kuma saboda haka iko da Heisenberg. Bayan haka, fractal biot ya sami 'yancin kai da wani nau'i na hankali, ya sanya hular da ke da gashi mai zurfi, kuma yana neman amsoshi game da abin da ya gabata, ba tare da tunawa da komai game da halittarsa ba sai sunansa. Ya sadu da wani mai hikima na saxophonist mai suna Betty, kuma bayan ya yanke shawarar ɗaukar hanyarsa, ya zama "malami" ga biots a ko'ina, yana taimaka musu su kasance 'yanci daga masu mallakar su kuma su san kansu. Heisenberg daga ƙarshe ya shiga Phantom kuma ya zama babban aboki ga Pavlova, mataimakin Dokta Jak. Rob Paulsen ne ya bayyana shi. * '''Pavlova''' - Mataimakin Dr. Jak na mutum, wanda za'a iya rarrabe shi da alamomi masu ja a fuskarta. Pavlova wani lokacin yana tambayar gaskiya da ɗabi'ar labarai na Jak, amma koyaushe Jak ya shafe ƙwaƙwalwarta bayan haka (aikin da yake yi da ɗan jinkiri). Jak ya ba ta lakabi da "Pav", mai ba da rahoto yana bi da ita a matsayin abokinsa kuma wani lokacin ma a cikin ban dariya, hanyar soyayya, saboda an sanya sunan Pavlova bayan marigayi matar Jak. Pavlova kuma ta yi abota da Heisenberg, wanda ke da sha'awarta. Daga ƙarshe ta gaya wa Jak "Zan tsara kaina daga yanzu", inda daga baya Jak ya yi kuka, "Dole ne kawai ka zama kanka, kamar ita", yana nufin sunan Pav. [[Liz Georges]] ce ta bayyana. * '''Vaingloria''' - Wani shahararren mawaƙi wanda Maximum Inc. ta horar da shi don yaudarar jama'a. &nbsp;An san cewa Rebecca Madison ta same ta a matsayin mai ba da kyauta a kan titi kuma ta ba ta abinci, mafaka, da kuma shahara don musayar ayyukanta na Maximum. Rebecca ta sanya ta da madubai masu juyawa wanda zai iya mayar da hankali ga haske zuwa irin wannan ƙarfin da kallon madubai zai iya ɗaukar nauyin hankali, yadda ya kamata ya sa jama'a su bauta mata kuma a kan umarnin Maximum ta amfani da su don wanke wasu mutane gaba ɗaya (ana iya ɗauka cewa madubai suna da wuyar sarrafawa tare da daidaito, kamar yadda Vaingloria ta taɓa tura wanda aka azabtar cikin coma). Vaingloria ya shiga cikin makircin Maximum da yawa kuma ya zama kusa da Graft, wanda (a ɗan kaɗan) ya mayar da martani. Daga ƙarshe ya yi amfani da madubai masu ƙarfi don ta iya amfani da su da kanta. Deborah Harry ce ta bayyana. * '''Betty''' - Mai hikima na saxophonist na titi wanda ya zama aboki da aboki mafi kyau na Heisenberg. &nbsp;Ana ganinta tana sane da duk abin da ke kewaye da ita kuma tana danganta rayuwa da blues akai-akai. Tana ɗauke da saxophone wanda mallakar tsohon shugaban Amurka [[Bill Clinton]] ne. Iona Morris ne ya bayyana shi. * '''Maxwell Madison Sr.''' - Marigayi na Rebecca, wanda aka kashe tare da Phantom na 23 a cikin fashewar jirgin kasa mai guba. &nbsp;Rebecca ta kama kwakwalwarsa kuma ta adana su a cikin babban kwamfuta, kuma koyaushe tana neman hanyar da za ta iya canza su cikin wani abu mai rai ko kuma mafi kyau jiki mai rai don ta da Maxwell Madison Sr. An dauke shi a matsayin mutum mai haɗari da yunwa lokacin da yake da rai kuma yana kula da Maximum, Inc, amma an gano cewa shirye-shiryensa na duniya suna da fa'ida sosai kuma matarsa mai martaba Rebecca ta lalata shirye-shiryenta don tallafawa kwaɗayi, mamayar duniya. Jeff Bennett ne ya bayyana shi. == Ci gaba == An tsara wasan kwaikwayon ne don talabijin ta hanyar babban furodusa David J. Corbett da kuma editocin labarin zartarwa Judith da Garfield Reeves-Stevens. Baya ga gyaran labarun duka lokutan biyu, Reeves-Stevens sun tsara Littafi Mai-Tsarki na marubutan wasan kwaikwayon, kuma sun rubuta abubuwa da yawa, gami da matukin jirgi na kashi biyu Generation Unto Generation. Sauran mahimman marubutan wasan kwaikwayon sun haɗa da Brynne Chandler da Michael Reaves . Tsarin halayen da ba a saba gani ba shine aikin Peter Chung, mahaliccin Æon Flux. Daraktan fasaha / mai tsara ra'ayi a kan wasan kwaikwayon shine [[imdbname:0771729|Thom Schillinger]], wanda ya kirkiro dukkan zane-zanen bango da zane-zanensa na fasaha don haɓaka ƙirar halayyar Peter Chung.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=ChronicleChamber |date=November 15, 2020 |title=X-Band: The Phantom Podcast #173 - With Thom Schillinger (Phantom 2040 Art Director) |url=https://www.chroniclechamber.com/post/x-band-the-phantom-podcast-173-with-thom-schillinger-phantom-2040-art-director |website=chroniclechamber}}</ref> The show debuted in 1994 to rave reviews , though it survived only 35 episodes before it was relegated to weekend repeats in 1996. Along with action sequences, stories focused on intelligent plotting and character development, winning the series praise  for its subtle teaching of such values as individuality, freedom and the volatility of humanity.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2026}} Along with Andrea Romano's equally pioneering work on ''Batman: The Animated Series'', Stu Rosen's voice direction on ''Phantom 2040'' had a lasting impact on animated adventure television.  Romano and Rosen cast accomplished dramatic actors and introduced a new level of maturity and complexity to their show's vocal performances that set the standard for all TV animation that followed.  == Abubuwan da suka faru == === Lokacin 1 === == A wasu kafofin watsa labarai == === Wasan bidiyo === An samar da wasan bidiyo na ''Phantom 2040'' don Sega Farawa, Game Gear da Super NES, kuma kamar jerin shirye-shiryen, ya sami kyakkyawan bita duk da rashin tabbas. Yana yiwuwa a yi wasa a matsayin Phantom kuma, a cikin Game Gear version, alter-ego, Kit Walker. Wasan yana da ƙarshen 20 daban-daban, dangane da zaɓin da mai kunnawa ke yi yayin ci gaba ta hanyar labarin, kuma yana kewaye da ƙoƙarin Rebecca Madison na ƙirƙirar rundunar soja, ta farfado da mijinta da ya mutu kuma ta mallaki Metropia da duniya. ''Phantom 2040'' an daidaita shi a cikin jerin littattafan ban dariya ta Marvel Comics a cikin 1995 (matsayin Mayu-Agusta 1995). An buga batutuwa huɗu ne kawai, waɗanda aka saki a matsayin ƙaramin jerin. Labaran sun dogara ne kawai akan jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin, kuma sun bambanta da sautin daga duhu, rikitarwa mai rikitarwa. Peter Quinones ne ya rubuta littafin ban dariya, wanda mai kirkirar ''Spider-Man'' Steve Ditko ya rubuta kuma Bill Reinhold ya rubuta shi. Kowace fitowar ta ƙunshi hoton kyauta wanda masu zane-zane kamar John Romita Sr. suka zana. == Kafofin watsa labarai na gida da yawo == === VHS === '''Family Home Entertainment VHS Releases 1994/1995 (Amurka) ''' An saki tarin bidiyo mai suna Phantom 2040: The Ghost Who Walks a Amurka a kan VHS ta Family Home Entertainment a cikin 1994 (kuma an sake sake shi a ranar 21 ga watan Mayu, 1996. Ya ƙunshi abubuwan farko biyar na kakar 1 da aka gyara a cikin fim guda ɗaya. Family Home Entertainment daga baya ya fitar da abubuwa takwas na farko a cikin kaset na VHS guda huɗu a Amurka a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta, 1995: 1) Zamani zuwa Zamani Sashe na 1 da 2''Zamani Unto Zamani Sashe na 1 da 2'' 2) ''Wuta da I.C.E. / Adadin sassan'' 4) Ruhun a cikin Injin / Biot a cikin Red''Ghost a cikin Machine / Biot a Red'' === DVD === Phantom 2040: The Ghost Who Walks an sake shi a kan DVD ta Lions Gate a ranar 21 ga Satumba, 2004 kuma ya kasance yana samuwa don sayarwa a yawancin yankuna a matsayin shigo da Amurka. '''Ta hanyar Vision Entertainment DVD Release 2013 Australia''' A Ostiraliya (inda shahararren Lee Falk na asali na wasan kwaikwayo na Phantom bai taɓa raguwa ba an saki Season One a matsayin tarin DVD guda huɗu (wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwan da suka faru ashirin na farko na wasan kwaikwayon ta hanyar Via Vision Entertainment a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 27, 2013 |title=Madman B2B » Catalogue » Phantom 2040 Season 1 |url=http://b2b.madman.com.au/actions/catalogue.do?method=view&releaseId=21537 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927221556/http://b2b.madman.com.au/actions/catalogue.do?method=view&releaseId=21537 |archive-date=2013-09-27}}</ref> === YouTube === '''[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLgkKj2n1LjA_VzcrpMQ8l_NszGmxAA1d0 Cikakken Phantom 2040 a YouTube]''' Dukkanin abubuwan 35 na Phantom 204 aukuwa na asali 33 tare da farkon da na biyu na "bridging" abubuwan tattarawa Rite of Passage da The World is My Jungle suna samuwa a hukumance don kallo a YouTube ta hanyar [https://www.youtube.com/c/ComicsKingdomOfficial/videos Tashar Comics Kingdom]. Comics Kingdom ita ce tashar YouTube ta hukuma ta King Features Syndicate, wacce ke riƙe da dukkan haƙƙoƙin The Phantom. Tashar Comics Kingdom kuma tana nuna duk abubuwan da suka faru na ƙungiyar samar da Phantom 2040 daga baya Flash Gordon da duk abubuwan da aka faru na Defenders of the Earth wanda ya hada da Flash Gordon, The Phantom da Mandrake the Magician. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fncw4akrv6pcrcy4nk12h0jr2v5992p 0 172723 974911 941146 2026-11-01T16:43:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|status={{TNCStatus}}|status_system=TNC|status_ref=|genus=Carex|parent=Carex sect. Chlorostachyae|display_parents=2|species=tiogana|authority=D.W.Taylor & J.D.Mastrog.}} '''''Carex tiogana''''' wani nau'in nau'in sedge ne wanda aka sani da sunan '''Tioga sedge''' . Yana da iyaka a [[California]], inda aka sani kawai daga Sierra Nevada a Mono County . Akwai ƙananan abubuwa huɗu. == Bayyanawa == ''Carex tiogana'' sedge yana girma tarin tsokoki har zuwa {{Convert|75|mm}} in) tsawo. Ƙananan, ganyen da ke da ƙuƙwalwa suna da siffar sikelin. Yana girma a cikin ciyawa kuma kusa da tabkuna a tsawo na 3,090-3,310 . Wannan sedge yayi kama da ''Carex capillaris'' kuma wasu marubuta suna jayayya cewa ya kamata a bi da shi a matsayin subtaxon na wannan nau'in.<ref name="powo">{{Cite web |title=Carex tiogana D.W.Taylor & J.D.Mastrog. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:317577-2 |access-date=2018-10-20 |website=plantsoftheworldonline.org |publisher=Royal Botanical Gardens Kew}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?7928,7931,8068 Jiki na Jepson - ''Carex tiogana''] {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Carex+tiogana ''Carex tiogana'' - Hoton Hoton CalPhotos] {{Taxonbar|from=Q5039145}} 8hwim00di9z1rqy075kstkfbjxpndgs 0 172815 975083 954395 2026-11-02T00:32:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{speciesbox|image=|status=G1|status_system=TNC|genus=Clarkia|species=lingulata|authority=[[H. F. Lewis]] & [[M. E. Lewis]]}} '''''Clarkia lingulata''''' wani nau'in furen daji ne wanda aka fi sani da sunan Merced clarkia . Wannan shuka tana da iyaka a Mariposa County, California, inda aka sani daga shafuka biyu kawai kusa da Kogin Merced. An yi tunanin cewa ya samo asali ne da sauri, a waje da tsarin da aka saba da shi na allopatric speciation, daga nau'in iyayensa ''Clarkia biloba'' . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gottlieb |first=L.D. |date=2004 |title=Rethinking classic examples of recent speciation in plants |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-phytologist_2004-01_161_1/page/71 |journal=New Phytologist |volume=161 |issue=1 |pages=71–82 |bibcode=2004NewPh.161...71G |doi=10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00922.x |doi-access=free}}</ref> Yana da nau'in da ke cikin haɗari a California.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CNPS—California Rare Plants Profile: ''Clarkia lingulata'' |url=http://northcoastcnps.org/cgi-bin/inv/inventory.cgi/Go?_id=clarkia_lingulata&sort=DEFAULT&search=Clarkia%20lingulata |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423192320/http://northcoastcnps.org/cgi-bin/inv/inventory.cgi/Go?_id=clarkia_lingulata&sort=DEFAULT&search=Clarkia%20lingulata |archive-date=2012-04-23 |access-date=2011-07-26}}</ref> == Bayyanawa == ''Clarkia lingulata'' tana gina wani tsintsiya mai laushi wanda ba ya wuce mita 0.5 (1.6 a tsawo kuma yana ɗauke da ƙananan ganye. Fure-fure masu kama da saucer suna da petals masu kama da cokali mai launin ruwan hoda guda huɗu 1 zuwa 2 centimeters tsawo kuma wani lokacin suna da ja. Akwai stamen takwas tare da lavender anthers. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191206012940/http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?5263,5341,5381 Bayanan jagora na Jepson - ''Clarkia lingulata''] * [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Clarkia+lingulata ''Clarkia lingulata'' - U.C. Hoton hoton] {{Taxonbar|from=Q5127553}} luymuq10rxgc47gwb21fw0c6pm3sujb 0 172816 975078 941451 2026-11-01T23:53:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{speciesbox|image=Slough thistle imported from iNaturalist photo 360206907 on 17 October 2024.jpg|genus=Cirsium|species=crassicaule|authority=([[Edward Lee Greene|Greene]]) [[Willis Linn Jepson|Jeps.]]|synonyms_ref=<ref>[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/gcc-51255 The Plant List, ''Cirsium crassicaule'' (Greene) Jeps. ]</ref>|synonyms=''Carduus crassicaulis'' <small>Greene</small>|status=G1|status_system=TNC|status_ref=<ref name="TNC status 14 may 2022">{{cite web | url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.135161 | title=NatureServe Explorer 2.0 }}</ref>}} '''''Cirsium crassicaule''''' wani nau'in ƙaya ne wanda aka fi sani da sunan ƙaya. Yana da iyaka ga Kwarin San Joaquin na [[California]], inda aka san shi da farko daga wuraren da ke da [[Ruwan Daɗi|Ruwa mai laushi]]. An samo shi a cikin 'yan wurare ne kawai a cikin Kern, Kings, da San Joaquin Counties.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cirsium crassicaule Calflora |url=https://www.calflora.org/app/taxon?crn=2123 |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=www.calflora.org}}</ref> ''Cirsium crassicaule'' ciyawa ce ta [[Shuka na Shekara-Shekara|shekara-shekara]] ko [[Shuka da ke shekara biyu|Shekaru biyu]] da aka sani ta kai 300 cm (10 feet) a tsawo. &nbsp;Tushen mai kauri yana da rami kuma yana iya zama kusan 10 centimeters (4 inci) a fadin. An rufe shi da gashi da fiber cobwebby. Ana yanka ganyen ulu, webby, spiny a cikin ɗakunan da yawa, ɗakunan sau da yawa suna da hakora. Shafuka mafi tsawo kusa da tushe na shuka na iya zama 70 centimeters (28 inci) tsawo.<ref name="tabby">{{Cite web |title=Cirsium crassicaule in Flora of North America @ efloras.org |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250066364 |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=www.efloras.org}}</ref> Inflorescence wani rukuni ne na kawunan furanni da yawa kowannensu har zuwa 3 centimeters tsawo da 3 fadi. An rufe kai da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta kuma an cika shi da ruwan hoda ko kuma wani lokaci fararen furanni. 'Ya'yan itace Achene ne tare da kwance, jiki mai launin ruwan kasa mai duhu game da tsawon millimeters 5 kuma an rufe shi da pappus wanda zai iya zama 2 centimeters a tsawon.<ref name="tabby" /> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160401084707/http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?609,963,971 Jiki na Jepson] {{Taxonbar|from=Q5122051}} 6udtoj3lka8pzl7g19crs8hxwevwyne 0 172817 975080 961384 2026-11-01T23:55:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Cirsium hydrophilum''''' wani nau'in ƙaya ne wanda ke cikin [[California]], inda ake samunsa ne kawai a yankin San Francisco Bay da Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. Wannan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta suna girma a cikin wuraren da ke da ruwa.{{Commonscat|Cirsium hydrophilum}} == Bayyanawa == ''Cirsium hydrophilum'' na iya kaiwa mita 2 (6.6 a tsawo tare da reshe, cobwebby stem. Shafuka sun fi tsayi kusa da tushe na shuka, suna kusa da 90 centimeters (35 in) a tsawon. Ana yanka su cikin lobes masu hakora kuma an rufe su da ƙayoyi, musamman tare da peciole. Inflorescence yana ɗauke da ɗaya ko fure da furanni, kowannensu har zuwa 3 centimeters (1.2 in) tsawo. Kan yana da layi tare da mannewa, karkatarwa, phyllaries mai ƙaya kuma yana ƙunshe da furanni masu ruwan hoda zuwa purple. 'Ya'yan itace shine Achene mai tsawon millimita 2-4 (0.079-0.157 in) wanda aka ɗora shi da pappus na kimanin 1.5 centimeters (0.59 in) centimeters. === Iri-iri === Akwai nau'o'i biyu na musamman: * ''Cirsium hydrophilum'' var mai ban mamaki. ''hydrophilum'', ƙwanƙwasawar Suisun, an san shi daga abubuwan da suka faru biyu a cikin Suisun Marsh, a cikin mazaunin gishiri na Delta a cikin Solano County. An bi da shi a matsayin nau'in da ke cikin haɗari na tarayya. * ''Cirsium hydrophilum'' var mai ban mamaki. ''vaseyi'', Mt. Tamalpais thistle ko Vasey's thistle, an san shi daga kusan abubuwa ashirin da suka faru a Dutsen Tamalpais a Marin County, a Vacaville, California a Solano County, da kuma cikin Presidio a [[San Francisco|Birnin San Francisco]]. A halin yanzu ba a lissafa nau'in da ke cikin haɗari na tarayya ko na jihar ba. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160401084734/http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?609,963,980 Magani na Jepson - ''Cirsium hydrophilum''] * [http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Cirsium+hydrophilum Tsaro na Yanayi-Tsaro: ''Cirsium hydrophilum''] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} arxw1z32kee4mtcbcifd9neyw8714im 0 172825 974931 941468 2026-11-01T17:40:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|image=Castillejamollis.JPG|status=LE|status_system=ESA|genus=Castilleja|species=mollis|authority=Pennell}} '''''Castilleja mollis''''' wani nau'in zane-zane ne na Indiya wanda aka fi sani da sunan mai laushi na Indiya. Yana da iyaka ga Tsibirin Channel na California, inda a halin yanzu aka sani ne kawai daga Tsibirin Santa Rosa. An taɓa lura da wani abu a Tsibirin San Miguel, amma ba a sami shuka a can ba tun 1938 . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Soft-leaved Paintbrush, Castilleja mollis |url=https://calscape.org/Castilleja-mollis-() |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=Calscape |publisher=California Native Plant Society}}</ref> Gidansa shine tsire-tsire na bakin teku a kusa da dunes na yashi da bluffs. == Bayyanawa == Wannan furen daji itace ne mai ɗorewa tare da rassa da yawa masu yaduwa, masu laushi har zuwa kimanin santimita 40. An rufe shuka da gashi mai laushi, mai laushi mai laushi. Shafuka suna da tsawon 1 zuwa 3 centimeters kuma suna da nau'i-nau'i. Inflorescence yana da tsawon inci 8 kuma ya ƙunshi fure mai nama ko launin rawaya-kore. Tsakanin bracts suna fure da furanni masu launin rawaya zuwa haske. Kamar sauran ''Castilleja'', wannan ''Castilleja mollis'' yana da hemiparasitic, yana haɗa tushensa da na wasu tsire-tsire don samun abubuwan gina jiki da ruwa. Shuka mai karɓar bakuncin wannan nau'in ''Castilleja'' mai yiwuwa shine goldenbush na Menzies, ''Isocoma menziesii'' . <ref name="tnc">{{Cite web |date=2024-04-25 |title=Castilleja mollis |url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.135935/Castilleja_mollis |access-date=2024-04-25 |website=NatureServe Explorer 2.0}}</ref> ''Castilleja mollis'' wani nau'in da ke cikin haɗari ne na tarayya. == Karewa == Akwai sanannun abubuwan da suka faru guda biyu na shuka da suka rage a tsibirin Santa Rosa . <ref name="tnc" /> Ya zama da wuya saboda lalacewar mazaunin, galibi daga kasancewar dabbobi masu gida da na daji kamar [[Saniya|shanu]], elk (''Cervus canadensis roosevelti''), da [[Dabbar rendiya|deer]] (''Odocoileus hemionus''). <ref name="tnc" /> Wadannan dabbobi suna tattake ƙasa, wanda ke tattare da shi kuma ya ƙasƙantar da shi. Deer kuma yana amfani da patches na shuka a matsayin gado.<ref name="five" /> Har ila yau, nau'ikan shuke-shuke da aka gabatar sun mamaye yankin.<ref name="tnc" /> An cire shanu da yawancin sauran dabbobin da ba na asali ba, amma ciyawa da yawa sun kasance, kamar shuke-shuke na kankara.<ref name="tnc" /> Shuka ya dogara da goldenbush na Menzies, wanda kuma ya raguwa a yankin, mazauninta ya zama ragargaje.<ref name="five" /> Ciyawa masu mamayewa suna hana ƙananan tsire-tsire na ''Castilleja'' daga kafa haustoria, haɗi da tushen goldenbush.<ref name="five" /> Wannan ''Castilleja'' na iya haɗuwa da ''Castilleja affinis'' . <ref name="tnc" /> Binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2008 game da matsayin jinsin ya nuna cewa shuka ta sake dawowa tun lokacin da aka cire ungulates, amma har yanzu yana da rauni sosai cewa ba za a rage shi daga matsayin da ke cikin haɗari ba. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?7177,7206,7253 Jepson Manual Magani na ''Castilleja mollis''] {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Castilleja+mollis ''Castilleja mollis'' - Hotuna na UC] {{Taxonbar|from=Q5049916}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9614wk02mvxkp0eunwoivy9cexdl3xq 0 172831 975015 961303 2026-11-01T20:17:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|status=G1|status_system=TNC|genus=Chorizanthe|species=howellii|authority=Goodman}} '''''Chorizanthe howellii''''' wani nau'in shuka ne mai fure a cikin dangin buckwheat da aka sani da sunayen Mendocino spineflower da Howell's spinefloor . Yana da iyaka a bakin tekun Mendocino County, California, inda aka sani ne kawai daga yashi dunes da bakin tekun kusa da Fort Bragg. An kiyasta cewa kashi 95% na sauran mutanen wannan shuka suna daga cikin yawan jama'a guda da ke girma a MacKerricher State Park. Yana da nau'in da ke cikin haɗari na tarayya. Wannan nau'in ne mai lalacewa ko yaduwa, yana girma a kan ƙasa har zuwa kimanin 10 centimeters tsawo. Inflorescence wani tarin furanni ne, kowannensu kewaye da jerin taurari guda shida da ke yada fararen bracts da aka shimfiɗa fure da madaidaiciyar launin ruwan kasa. Fure da kansa yana da 'yan millimeters a fadin kuma fari zuwa launin ruwan hoda a launi. Barazanar wannan nau'in a tarihi sun haɗa da amfani da motoci a kan hanya, tattakewa da mutane a kan ƙafa da doki, nau'ikan shuke-shuke marasa asali kamar ''Carpobrotus edulis'' da ''Ammophila arenaria'' . Wadannan tasirin an rage su a cikin wurin shakatawa na jihar tare da haramtacciyar motocin da ba a kan hanya ba, iyakance zirga-zirgar ƙafa da doki, da kuma cire nau'ikan shuke-shuke da ba na asali ba.<ref name="fws" /> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160401134913/http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?5936,5941,5955 Jiki na Jepson: ''Chorizanthe howellii''] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20021121053511/http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Chorizanthe+howellii Tsaro na Yanayi] * [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Chorizanthe+howellii ''Chorizanthe howellii'' Hoton hoton] {{Taxonbar|from=Q5105117}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qihq28jp0ow2dghegmprcrvovr225ob 0 172832 975016 941479 2026-11-01T20:18:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|image=Chorizanthe valida.jpg|status=G1|status_system=TNC|genus=Chorizanthe|species=valida|authority=[[Sereno Watson|S.Wats.]]}} '''''Chorizanthe valida''''' wani nau'in fure ne mai ban sha'awa a cikin dangin buckwheat da aka sani da sunan Sonoma spineflower . Yana da iyaka a West Marin, Marin County, California, inda aka sani daga ɗayan mutanen da suka rage a Point Reyes National Seashore. An yi tunanin cewa [[Karewar kwayoyin halitta|ya ƙare]] har zuwa 1980 lokacin da aka gano yawan Point Reyes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=California Native Plant Society Rare Plants Profile |url=http://northcoastcnps.org/cgi-bin/inv/inventory.cgi/Go?_id=chorizanthe_valida&sort=DEFAULT&search=Chorizanthe%20valida |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423191917/http://northcoastcnps.org/cgi-bin/inv/inventory.cgi/Go?_id=chorizanthe_valida&sort=DEFAULT&search=Chorizanthe%20valida |archive-date=2012-04-23 |access-date=2011-07-26}}</ref> ''Chorizanthe valida'' wani nau'in jinsin da ke cikin haɗari ne na tarayya. Wannan shuka yana tsaye a cikin tsari, yana kaiwa kusan 30 centimeters tsawo. Inflorescence wani tarin furanni ne tare da kowane fure da ke kewaye da ja ko launin toka guda shida, kowannensu yana da madaidaiciya. Wurin yana da ja mai haske lokacin da yake sabo kuma yana da fari. Ba su da ƙarfi ko ƙugiya a siffar kamar na sauran ''Chorizanthe'' da yawa. Furen yana da 'yan millimeters tsawo kuma fari ko ruwan hoda a launi. [[Fayil:Chorizanthe_valida_counting.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px|Ma'aikata da masu sa kai na California Native Plant Society suna yin bincike don Sonoma spineflower.]] Wannan tsire-tsire mai ban sha'awa sau ɗaya yana da rarraba mai yawa; an tattara samfurori shekaru da yawa da suka gabata a makwabciyar Sonoma County. A yau an iyakance shi zuwa Point Reyes inda akwai yawan jama'a guda ɗaya a Abbotts Lagoon da kuma wanda mutane suka sake gabatar da shi kusa da Bull Point.<ref name="five" /> Adadin mutane ya bambanta.<ref name="five" /> Gidan zama na yankin shine bakin teku a kan zurfin ƙasa mai yashi. Ƙasa, ragowar tsarin Dune na Pleistocene, na iya ɗaukar tsire-tsire masu jurewa da fari kawai saboda ba zai iya riƙe ruwa mai yawa ba.<ref name="five" /> Bincike ya nuna cewa yankunan da ke da [[Saniya|shanu]] suna dauke da tsire-tsire da yawa fiye da wuraren da aka cire dabbobi, amma tsire-shuke a cikin yankunan da aka ware sun fi girma kuma suna da karin furanni. Karnuka ba sa cin shuka mai ban sha'awa kuma a zahiri suna iya taimakawa wajen share ƙasar daga tsire-tsire masu mamayewa waɗanda ba na asali ba, kamar velvetgrass (''Holcus lanatus''). <ref name="five" /> Ƙasar da ke kewaye da Abbotts Lagoon makiyaya ce a yau.<ref name="five" /> Wannan nau'in yana faruwa a cikin iyakokin kariya na kasa, don haka ba za a ci gaba da mazauninta ba, kuma ana kare shi daga irin waɗannan ayyukan kamar [[hakar ma'adinai]], dredging, da aikin hawa doki. Barazanar da suka kasance sun hada da lalacewar masu tafiya da motocin da ba a kan hanya ba.<ref name="five" /> Sakamakon duka na shanu a ƙasar ba tabbatacce ba ne; suna iya zama ainihin karfi a rayuwar shuka mai ban mamaki.<ref name="five" /> Shuka tana iyakance ga ƙananan jama'a guda biyu, don haka duk wani mummunan abu kamar [[Wildfire|gobarar daji]] ko [[fari]] na iya fitar da shi zuwa halaka.<ref name="five" /> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160401135029/http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?5936,5941,5980 Jepson Manual Treatment: ''Chorizanthe valida''] * [https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/CHVA USDA Shuke-shuke Bayanan martaba: ''Chorizanthe valida''] * [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250060101 Flora na Arewacin Amurka: ''Chorizanthe valida''] * [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Chorizanthe+valida ''Chorizanthe valida'' Hoton hoton] == Ƙarin karantawa == * <small>Rilla, E. da L. Bush. (2009). [http://ucanr.org/sites/uccemarin/files/31000.pdf Canjin aikin gona a Point Reyes National Seashore .] Jami'ar California Cooperative Extension Marin.</small> == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=2059 Calflora Database: ''Chorizanthe valida'' (Sonoma spineflower)] * [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=19362 Jepson eFlora (TJM2) magani na ''Chorizanthe valida''] * [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/img_query?rel-taxon=begins+with&where-taxon=Chorizanthe+valida Hotuna na UC: ''Chorizanthe valida''] {{Taxonbar|from=Q5105134}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ksefptfe2uajcun7lnyydmtg5gxkqc4 0 172835 975085 941484 2026-11-02T01:20:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|image=|genus=Collinsia|species=corymbosa|authority=Herder|status=G1|status_system=TNC|status_ref=<ref name="TNC status 14 may 2022">{{cite web | url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.140770 | title=NatureServe Explorer 2.0 }}</ref>}} '''''Collinsia corymbosa''''' wani nau'in shuka ne mai fure a cikin dangin shuke-shuke da aka sani da sunan gidajen Sinanci masu zagaye. Yana da iyaka a bakin tekun [[California]] a arewacin San Francisco Bay Area, inda ba a saba gani ba kuma ya warwatse. Gidansa shine yashi na bakin tekun da ke kusa. Wannan itace ne na [[Shuka na Shekara-Shekara|shekara-shekara]] wanda ke samar da gashi, gashi, ja zuwa ja kore mai launin ja wanda ke girma tsaye ko raguwa zuwa matsakaicin tsawon kusan 25 centimeters. Kyakkyawan, ƙananan gashi ganye suna da gogewa kuma suna da lobed tare da gefen, wanda zai iya juyawa a ƙarƙashin. Inflorescence wani nau'i ne mai yawa na furanni masu ban sha'awa. Kowane mutum yana da gashi mai gashi mai launin ja da kuma corolla har zuwa kimanin 2 centimeters tsawo. Fure yana da ƙananan lobes na sama guda biyu da ƙananan lobs guda uku waɗanda suka haɗu a cikin kusan siffar tubular. Yawanci fari ne tare da haske mai launin ruwan kasa. Ƙananan lobes na sama suna juyawa baya kuma sun bushe zuwa launin ruwan kasa a bakinsu. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160401145306/http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?7177,7269,7276 Jiki na Jepson] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=COCO2 Bayanan shuke-shuke na USDA] * [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Collinsia+corymbosa Hoton hoto] {{Taxonbar|from=Q5147429}} qt0awy8eg5y3zm9blwj872p926jjmsm 0 173120 974933 942195 2026-11-01T17:59:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|image=J20160128-0013—Ceanothus ferrisiae—RPBG (24371535019).jpg|status=LE|status_system=ESA|genus=Ceanothus|species=ferrisiae|authority=[[Howard McMinn|McMinn]]}} '''''Ceanothus ferrisiae''''' (wani lokacin ana rubuta shi ''ferrisae'' ) wani nau'in shrub ne mai ban sha'awa a cikin iyalin Rhamnaceae . Sunansa na yau da kullun shine '''coyote ceanothus''' . == Bayyanawa == ''Ceanothus ferrisiae'' yana girma tsaye zuwa matsakaicin tsawo kusa da mita biyu (6 in). Sassan katako suna da launin ja a launi lokacin da suke sabo da launin toka. Ana shirya ganye masu tsayi a madadin kuma suna auna har zuwa {{Convert|3|cm}} in) tsawo. Suna da ƙarfi, suna da santsi, kuma gabaɗaya suna da hakora a gefen. Yankin saman ba shi da gashi kuma mai zurfi kore kuma ƙasa yana da launi kuma yana da ƙarancin launi. Inflorescence karamin tarin fararen furanni ne wanda ke fure a cikin hunturu. 'Ya'yan itace suna da tsayi, ƙaho mai ƙaho a ƙarƙashin santimita ({{Convert|1|cm}} in) a fadin. == Rarraba == ''Ceanothus ferrisiae'' yana da iyaka a cikin Santa Clara County, California, inda aka sani daga abubuwan da suka faru hudu ko biyar kawai kusa da Mt. Hamilton a cikin Diablo Range . Mafi yawan jama'a, wanda ke kusa da madatsar ruwan Anderson, yana murmurewa daga [[Wildfire|gobarar daji]] ta 1992 wacce ta kashe kashi 95% na tsire-tsire. Yana daga cikin maciji na ƙasa kuma yana faruwa a cikin chaparral. Yana da nau'in da ke cikin haɗari na tarayya.<ref name="fed" /> == Karewa == Akwai kimanin mutane 6000 da suka rage a cikin abubuwan da suka faru biyar. Shuka tana fuskantar barazanar asarar da lalacewar mazauninta, wanda ake sharewa don gini kuma ana amfani dashi don zubar da shi. Har ila yau, jinsin suna da ƙarancin ma'aikata.<ref name="fed" /> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?6586,6589,6602 Jiki na Jepson - ''Ceanothus ferrisiae''] {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CEFE2 USDA Shuke-shuke Bayani: Ceanothus ferrisiae] * [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Ceanothus+ferrisiae ''Ceanothus ferrisiae'' - Hoton hoto] {{Taxonbar|from=Q5055710}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ceknl5zcqe2b0mf6fpq31s5ju64ee2h 0 173121 975087 971034 2026-11-02T01:44:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975087 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Cordylanthus nidularius''''' wani nau'in fure ne mai ban sha'awa a cikin dangin Orobanchaceae wanda aka sani da sunan Mt. Diablo bird's beak.<ref name=jepson>{{Cite web |url=http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?7177,7295,7309 |title=Jepson eFlora: ''Cordylanthus nidularius'' |access-date=2026-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927044840/http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?7177,7295,7309 |archive-date=2016-09-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rarraba == Shuka tana da iyaka ga Dutsen Diablo, a arewacin Diablo Range a cikin Contra Costa County, a yankin East Bay na arewacin [[California]]. Yana girma a wuraren zama na chaparral kuma kawai a kan Ƙasa mai maciji, a tsawo na mita 600-800 (2,000-2,600 . == Bayyanawa == ''Cordylanthus nidularius'' karamin ciyawa ne na [[Shuka na Shekara-Shekara|shekara-shekara]]. Fuka-fukansa suna da launin ja-kore a launi, kuma an rufe su da gashi na glandular da fiber mai laushi. Furen kowannensu yana kewaye da 2 ko 3 bracts da aka raba zuwa ƙananan lobes guda uku har zuwa 1.5 centimeters tsawo. corolla farar jaka ce mai launin ruwan kasa da aka rufe a cikin calyx na sepals. Lokacin fure shine a lokacin Yuli da Agusta. == Karewa == Wannan jihar ce kuma California Native Plant Society ta lissafa nau'ikan da ke cikin haɗari. A halin yanzu an san shi ne kawai daga abin da ya faru a kan Mt. Diablo, wanda ke fuskantar barazanar gina hanya da nishaɗi, kuma mai yiwuwa ta hanyar kashe wuta. == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-taxon=Cordylanthus+nidularius Calflora Database: ''Cordylanthus nidularius'' (Mt. Diablo bird's beak)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160927044840/http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?7177,7295,7309 Jepson Manual eFlora (TJM2) magani na ''Cordylanthus nidularius''] * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CONI2 Bayanan shuke-shuke na USDA] * [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Cordylanthus+nidularius U.C. Hotuna: Hotunan ''Cordylanthus nidularius''] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4s1p6eymaodhjrgq3dyz6d6jtm61dkb 0 173124 974934 942205 2026-11-01T18:00:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|image=Ceanothus ophiochilus 2.jpg|status=LT|status_system=ESA|status_ref=|genus=Ceanothus|parent=Ceanothus subg. Cerastes|species=ophiochilus|authority=Boyd, Ross & Arnseth}} '''''Ceanothus ophiochilus''''' wani nau'in shrub ne mai ban sha'awa wanda aka sani da sunan '''Vail Lake ceanothus''', asalin Kudancin California. Ba a bayyana shi ba sai 1991. == Bayyanawa == ''Ceanothus ophiochilus'' wani shrub ne mai tsayi wanda ya kai matsakaicin mita 2 (6.6 amma gabaɗaya ya fi guntu. Ƙananan rassan suna da ja kuma suna girma launin toka tare da tsufa. Ƙananan ganyen da ke ci gaba da girma a gaban rassan kuma wani lokacin suna girma a cikin ɗakunan, kuma ba sa kaiwa santimita a tsawon. Suna da kauri, tsayi, kuma suna haskakawa. Fure-fure na shrub a cikin gajeren furanni na launin shudi zuwa fari zuwa furanni masu launin ruwan kasa a lokacin Fabrairu da Maris. === Muhalli na wuta === Wannan nau'in yana girma ne kawai daga iri, ba kamar sauran ''Ceanothus'' ba, wanda ta hanyar yanayin muhalli na wuta yawanci kambi yana tsiro daga kambin tushen lignotuber bayan an rage shi sama da ƙasa, kamar ta hanyar gobarar daji. == Rarraba == Tsire-tsire na ''Ceanothus ophiochilus'' yana cikin [[California]]. An san shi ne kawai daga wasu shafuka a kusa da Vail Lake da Black Hills, gabashin Temecula da yammacin Dutsen Santa Rosa a kudu maso yammacin Riverside County. ''Ceanothus ophiochilus'' shuka ce ta al'ummar shuka ta chaparral, kuma a cikin ƙananan yankunan da ke cikin 'yan kadada ne kawai, yana girma a cikin ƙasa ta pyroxenite a saman tsohuwar [[Dutsen Volcano|dutsen wuta]]. Tsawon tsawo shine mita 580-1,065 (1,903-3,494 . Ɗaya daga cikin sauran mutane uku na wannan shuka yana kan dukiya mai zaman kanta wanda zai iya fuskantar ci gaba a nan gaba. An lissafa shi a matsayin nau'in da ke fuskantar barazana a matakin tarayya a shekarar 1998, kuma nau'in jinsin da ke cikin haɗari ta jihar California a shekarar 1994. Akwai mutane 9000 da suka rage, amma wasu daga cikin wadannan sun hada da ''Ceanothus crassifolius''. == Shuka == ''Ceanothus ophiochilus'' an shuka shi ne ta hanyar [[Lambu|lambuna]] tsire-tsire na California da wuraren shuke-shuke, kuma ana samunsa azaman shuka mai ban sha'awa don: shuke-huke masu haƙuri da lambunan tsiro na asali, da lambunan mazaunin Yanayi da manyan ayyukan shimfidar wuri. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commonscat|Ceanothus ophiochilus}} * [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?6586,6589,6633 Jiki na Jepson - ''Ceanothus ophiochilus''] {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CEOP USDA Shuke-shuke Bayani: Ceanothus ophiochilus] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090819050247/http://www.centerforplantconservation.org/ASP/CPC_ViewProfile.asp?CPCNum=13671 Cibiyar Kula da Tsire-tsire] * [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Ceanothus+ophiochilus ''Ceanothus ophiochilus'' - Hoton hoto] {{Taxonbar|from=Q5055729}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nsoypaq0m37gz9dbgxawvdmc9uzxalt 0 173125 974935 942207 2026-11-01T18:02:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|image=Ceanothus confusus.jpeg|genus=Ceanothus|parent=Ceanothus subg. Cerastes|species=confusus|authority=[[J.T.Howell]]|status=G1|status_system=TNC|status_ref=<ref name="TNC status 14 may 2022">{{cite web | url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.133578 | title=NatureServe Explorer 2.0 }}</ref>}} Ceanothus confusus wani nau'in shrub ne a cikin dangin Rhamnaceae wanda aka fi sani da sunan '''Rincon Ridge ceanothus''' . Yana da iyaka a arewacin [[California]] inda yake girma a cikin tsaunuka na bakin teku a arewacin San Francisco Bay Area. Gidajensa sun hada da gandun daji, gandun daji da chaparral. Wannan ƙananan ne, yana yada shrub sau da yawa yana samar da ɗan gajeren mat har zuwa kusan mita 1.2 a fadin. Tushen yana da launin toka-launin tare da sabbin rassan da ke da launin ja da kuma launi mai laushi. An shirya ganye masu tsayi a akasin haka. Kowane mutum yana da tsawon inci 2 kuma yana da siffar oval tare da manyan hakora 3 zuwa 5. Yankin saman yana da kore mai haske kuma ƙasa ya fi haske kuma yana da kama da gashi tare da jijiyoyi. Inflorescence karamin tarin furanni ne mai launin shudi ko purple. 'Ya'yan itace ƙaho ne mai ƙaho game da rabin santimita a fadin. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-calrecnum=1766 Calflora Database: Ceanothus confusus (Rincon ridge ceanothus)] * [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?6586,6589,6591 Littafin Jepson Magana da Ceanothus confusus''Ceanothus ya rikice''] {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CECO6 USDA Shuke-shuke Bayanan martaba don Ceanothus confusus (Rincon ridge ceanothus)] * [http://milobaker.cnps.org/index.php/conservation/preserves/rincon-ridge California Native Plant Society, Milo Baker Babi: "Rincon Ridge Park Sensitive Plant Area"] - Ceanothus confusus habitat. * [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Ceanothus+confusus Hotunan UC na Ceanothus confusus''Ceanothus ya rikice''] {{Taxonbar|from=Q5055702}} 3sy3vhvyg0zj5jqmv2rgk2p30jlxgps 0 176018 974757 951008 2026-11-01T12:57:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974757 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Black [[Taj Mahal]]''' wani mashahuri ne na baƙar fata marmara wanda aka ce an shirya za a gina shi a fadin Kogin Yamuna a gaban Taj Mahal a [[Agra]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Indiya]]. An ce sarki [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[Shah Jahan]] yana son wani mausoleum don kansa kamar na wanda ya gina don tunawa da matarsa ta biyu, [[Mumtaz Mahal]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Black Taj Mahal Myth |url=http://www.tajmahal.org.uk/legends/black-taj.html |access-date=11 June 2013}}</ref> Wani matafiyi na Faransa mai suna Jean Baptiste Tavernier wanda ya ziyarci Agra a cikin 1665 ya fara ambaton ra'ayin Black Taj a cikin rubuce-rubucensa masu ban sha'awa. Rubuce-rubucen Tavernier sun ambaci cewa Shah Jahan ya fara gina kabarinsa a wancan gefen kogi amma bai iya kammala shi ba yayin da ɗansa Aurangzeb ya tsige shi. Koyaya, yawancin masu binciken tarihi na zamani sun yi imanin cewa wannan labarin tatsuniya ce.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Salim |first=Saquib |date=18 September 2019 |title=The Real Story of Second Black Taj Mahal by R. Nath |url=http://heritagetimes.in/black-taj-mahal-real-story/ |access-date=2019-09-23 |website=HeritageTimes |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Black Taj Mahal Myth |url=http://www.tajmahal.org.uk/legends/black-taj.html |access-date=11 June 2017}}</ref> == Tarihi == {{Blockquote|Ever since the construction of Taj Mahal, the building has been the source of an admiration transcending culture and geography, and so personal and emotional responses have consistently eclipsed scholastic appraisals of the monument.|Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, one of the first European visitors to the Taj Mahal}} The belief holds that [[Shah Jahan]] planned a mausoleum to be built in black marble across the Yamuna River, with the two structures connected by a bridge. The idea originates from the fanciful writings of Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, a European traveller who visited [[Agra]] in 1665. It was suggested that Shah Jahan was overthrown by his son Aurangzeb, before it could be built. Ruins of blackened marble across the river in the Moonlight Garden, Mahtab Bagh, seemed to support this legend.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2011 |title=White Taj Mahal and Black Taj Mahal Story |url=http://travel.thecreatology.com/white-taj-mahal-and-black-taj-mahal-story.html |access-date=12 June 2013 |publisher=Words of Wanderers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606072012/http://travel.thecreatology.com/white-taj-mahal-and-black-taj-mahal-story.html |archive-date=6 June 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> According to historian Mohammad Naushad, when the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan came to Burhanpur on a military campaign, he had brought his wife [[Mumtaz Mahal]] along. Mumtaz had 3 deliveries in Burhanpur and died giving birth to their fourteenth child. According to Mumtaz's wish, Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal in her memory. For six months, Mumtaz was buried in Burhanpur itself. It is called Pine Garden. Shah Jahan wished that the Taj Mahal should be built in Burhanpur itself. Due to the presence of termites in the soil and the low water level of the River Tapti, the architect of that time advised not to build the Taj Mahal here. 65 quality marble was to be installed in the Taj Mahal, which was difficult to bring here from Rajasthan and Iran at that time, but the base design of the Taj Mahal was made in Burhanpur. A replica of this is present in Shah Nawaz Khan's tomb in Burhanpur. This tomb is also called the Black Taj Mahal of Burhanpur. According to historian Mohammad Naushad, Shah Nawaz Khan was the eldest son of Abdul Rahim Khankhana. He was brought up in Burhanpur itself. Seeing his bravery, he was made the commander of the Mughal army. He died at the age of 44, buried on the banks of the Utawali River in Burhanpur. == Labari ne == Many scholars, like Ram Nath, believe the idea of the Black Taj belongs to fiction rather than history. The traces which are identified as the foundations of the second Taj are actually the enclosing wall of a garden founded by Babur.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2025}} The irregular position of Shah Jahan's cenotaph in comparison to Mumtaz Mahal's, is similar to that at the tomb of Itmad-ud-Daulah, and thus should not be of any striking significance.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Salim |first=Saquib |date=18 September 2019 |title=The Real Story of Second Black Taj Mahal by R. Nath |url=http://heritagetimes.in/black-taj-mahal-real-story/ |access-date=2019-09-23 |website=HeritageTimes |language=en-GB}}</ref> Besides, according to Islamic law, bodies are buried with their faces towards Mecca and legs towards the south, and the husband is placed on the right hand side of his wife.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2025}} The interpretation that the cenotaph of Shah Jahan was not meant to be placed here appears to be superfluous.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Story of a Second Taj |url=http://www.liveindia.com/tajmahal/details.html |access-date=11 June 2013}}</ref> == Abubuwan da aka tono a zamani == Excavations carried out in the 1990s found that there were discolored white stones that had turned black.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Black Taj Mahal Mystery: Secrets Revealed |url=https://www.indiatravelbear.com/black-taj-mahal-mystery-secrets-revealed/ |access-date=5 September 2026}}</ref>  As some  believe that a more credible theory for the origins of the black mausoleum was demonstrated in 2006 by archaeologists who reconstructed part of the pool in the Mehtab Bagh (Moonlight Garden). A dark reflection of the white mausoleum could clearly be seen, befitting Shah Jahan's obsession with symmetry and the positioning of the pool itself.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2025}} == Manazarta == n4wuedlb7tc47lmignxuerfj481cydi 0 176135 975157 967228 2026-11-02T11:45:38Z Salma Raddah 45959 975157 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Loch Morie''' babban dutse ne a cikin Easter Ross, kusan girmansa ya kai 11.5.&nbsp;kilomita arewa maso yamma da Alness. Ita ce tushen Kogin Averon wanda ke ratsa cikin garin kafin ya shiga Cromarty Firth. Sunan ya samo asali ne daga Scottish Gaelic ''mór'', ma'ana "babba" wato "Big Loch". <ref>{{Cite web |last=midasiak |date=2019-11-07 |title=The Gaelic origins of place names in Britain |url=https://getoutside.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/guides/the-gaelic-origins-of-place-names-in-britain/#:~:text=Background%20to%20Scottish%20Gaelic&text=It%20has%20left%20us%20with,usually%20from%20cill%20or%20coille. |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=OS GetOutside |language=en-US}}</ref> A ƙarshen gabas na Loch, inda Kogin Averon ya fara, akwai wani ƙaramin tsibiri mai duwatsu wanda aka yi imanin cewa shine ragowar wani dutse, bayan binciken kayan tarihi a shekarun 1931 da 1989. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Loch Morie {{!}} Canmore |url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/12961/loch-morie |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=canmore.org.uk |language=en}}</ref> Duk da haka, wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2023 da Hukumar Binciken Kayan Tarihi ta Arewacin Scotland ta gudanar ya gano babu wata shaida da ke nuna gine-ginen wucin gadi a tsibirin ko a kusa da shi, wanda hakan ke nuna cewa wani abu ne na halitta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MHG8889 - Crannog? Loch Morie - Highland Historic Environment Record |url=https://her.highland.gov.uk/Monument/MHG8889 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241205200719/https://her.highland.gov.uk/Monument/MHG8889 |archive-date=2024-12-05 |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=her.highland.gov.uk |language=en-gb}}</ref> An zaɓi Loch Morie a matsayin wani ɓangare na wani bincike na bathmetric na 1902 da Sir John Murray, "uban nazarin teku na zamani".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Loch Morie (Vol. 4, Plate 63) - Bathymetrical Survey of the Fresh-Water Lochs of Scotland, 1897-1909 |url=https://maps.nls.uk/bathymetric/chart/2115 |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=maps.nls.uk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250320115330/https://maps.nls.uk/bathymetric/chart/2115 |archive-date=2025-03-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Yana zaune a cikin gaurayen gado na psammite da pelite.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Digimap Discovery Service |url=https://digimap.edina.ac.uk/shibboleth-ds/DS?entityID=https%3A%2F%2Fgeoshibb.edina.ac.uk%2Fshibboleth&return=https%3A%2F%2Fdigimap.edina.ac.uk%2FShibboleth.sso%2FDS%3FSAMLDS%3D1%26target%3Dcookie%253A1742471244_09a4 |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=digimap.edina.ac.uk}}</ref> A yau, wurin kamun kifi sanannen wuri ne na kamun kifi, tare da isasshen kifin kifi mai launin ruwan kasa, kifi ferox, kifi [[salmon]], da kuma kifin Arctic char.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fishing at Kildermorie Estate in rivers, lochs and hill lochs |url=https://www.kildermorie.co.uk/fishing.html |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=www.kildermorie.co.uk}}</ref> == Manazarta == bdfdo4wngnekwnxxakvicpft2yf03h9 975158 975157 2026-11-02T11:46:07Z Salma Raddah 45959 975158 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}{{Databox}} '''Loch Morie''' babban dutse ne a cikin Easter Ross, kusan girmansa ya kai 11.5.&nbsp;kilomita arewa maso yamma da Alness. Ita ce tushen Kogin Averon wanda ke ratsa cikin garin kafin ya shiga Cromarty Firth. Sunan ya samo asali ne daga Scottish Gaelic ''mór'', ma'ana "babba" wato "Big Loch". <ref>{{Cite web |last=midasiak |date=2019-11-07 |title=The Gaelic origins of place names in Britain |url=https://getoutside.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/guides/the-gaelic-origins-of-place-names-in-britain/#:~:text=Background%20to%20Scottish%20Gaelic&text=It%20has%20left%20us%20with,usually%20from%20cill%20or%20coille. |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=OS GetOutside |language=en-US}}</ref> A ƙarshen gabas na Loch, inda Kogin Averon ya fara, akwai wani ƙaramin tsibiri mai duwatsu wanda aka yi imanin cewa shine ragowar wani dutse, bayan binciken kayan tarihi a shekarun 1931 da 1989. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Loch Morie {{!}} Canmore |url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/12961/loch-morie |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=canmore.org.uk |language=en}}</ref> Duk da haka, wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekarar 2023 da Hukumar Binciken Kayan Tarihi ta Arewacin Scotland ta gudanar ya gano babu wata shaida da ke nuna gine-ginen wucin gadi a tsibirin ko a kusa da shi, wanda hakan ke nuna cewa wani abu ne na halitta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MHG8889 - Crannog? Loch Morie - Highland Historic Environment Record |url=https://her.highland.gov.uk/Monument/MHG8889 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241205200719/https://her.highland.gov.uk/Monument/MHG8889 |archive-date=2024-12-05 |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=her.highland.gov.uk |language=en-gb}}</ref> An zaɓi Loch Morie a matsayin wani ɓangare na wani bincike na bathmetric na 1902 da Sir John Murray, "uban nazarin teku na zamani".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Loch Morie (Vol. 4, Plate 63) - Bathymetrical Survey of the Fresh-Water Lochs of Scotland, 1897-1909 |url=https://maps.nls.uk/bathymetric/chart/2115 |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=maps.nls.uk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250320115330/https://maps.nls.uk/bathymetric/chart/2115 |archive-date=2025-03-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Yana zaune a cikin gaurayen gado na psammite da pelite.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Digimap Discovery Service |url=https://digimap.edina.ac.uk/shibboleth-ds/DS?entityID=https%3A%2F%2Fgeoshibb.edina.ac.uk%2Fshibboleth&return=https%3A%2F%2Fdigimap.edina.ac.uk%2FShibboleth.sso%2FDS%3FSAMLDS%3D1%26target%3Dcookie%253A1742471244_09a4 |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=digimap.edina.ac.uk}}</ref> A yau, wurin kamun kifi sanannen wuri ne na kamun kifi, tare da isasshen kifin kifi mai launin ruwan kasa, kifi ferox, kifi [[salmon]], da kuma kifin Arctic char.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fishing at Kildermorie Estate in rivers, lochs and hill lochs |url=https://www.kildermorie.co.uk/fishing.html |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=www.kildermorie.co.uk}}</ref> == Manazarta == 3up6gq2wmrxj8pdyqsx3cj9yeenrah5 0 177214 974881 961867 2026-11-01T16:11:08Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Gasar FIA Formula 2 ta shekarar 2026 gasar tseren motoci ce don motocin Formula 2 wanda Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) ta ba da izini. Gasar ita ce kakar wasa ta sittin ta tseren Formula 2 kuma ta goma a karkashin sunan FIA Formula 2 Championship. Formula 2 wani nau'i ne na tseren ƙafa wanda ke aiki a matsayin mataki na biyu na tseren tsari a cikin FIA Global Pathway . Ana gudanar da rukunin ne don tallafawa zagaye na zaɓaɓɓen gasar zakarun duniya ta Formula One ta 2026. Kamar yadda gasar ta kasance jerin takamaiman, duk kungiyoyi da direbobi da ke fafatawa a gasar suna gudanar da mota ɗaya, Dallara F2 2024. Invicta Racing ta shiga gasar a matsayin 'yan wasan da ke mulki, bayan sun sami lambar yabo a tseren karshe na kakar da ta gabata a Abu Dhabi. == Rubuce-rubuce == Kungiyoyi da direbobi masu zuwa suna kwangila don yin gasa a gasar zakarun Formula 2 ta 2026. Kamar yadda gasar ta kasance jerin takamaiman, duk kungiyoyi suna gasa tare da irin wannan Dallara F2 2024 chassis ta amfani da injin V6 turbo wanda Mecachrome ya kirkira.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wood |first=Ida |date=2023-08-31 |title=Formula 2 unveils its new-for-2024 car to be built by Dallara |url=https://formulascout.com/formula-2-unveils-its-new-for-2024-car/110697 |access-date=2025-06-14 |website=Formula Scout |language=en-US}}</ref> Dukkanin kungiyoyi suna gasa da tayoyin da Pirelli ya bayar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The car and engine |url=https://www.fiaformula2.com/About/14LCsEEMG9yyx5DkhcN1J8/the-car-and-engine-f2 |access-date=2025-06-14 |website=FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website |language=en}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%" !Kungiyar !A'a. !Direban !Zagaye-zangar |- | rowspan="2" nowrap="" |[[Invicta Racing|Gasar Invicta]]{{Flagicon|GBR}} |1 |[[Rafael Câmara]]{{Flagicon|BRA}} |1–12 |- |2 |[[Joshua Dürksen]]{{Flagicon|PAR}} |1–12 |- | rowspan="2" nowrap="" |[[Hitech Grand Prix|Hitech]]{{Flagicon|GBR}} |3 | nowrap="" |[[Ritomo Miyata]]{{Flagicon|JPN}} |1–12 |- |4 |[[Colton Herta]]{{Flagicon|USA}} |1-12{{Efn|[[Colton Herta]] was entered into the [[2026 Madrid Formula 2 round|Madrid round]], but later withdrew after feeling unwell.<ref>{{cite web|date=13 September 2026 |title=Colton Herta withdraws from both Madring F2 races |url=https://www.motorsport.com/fia-f2/news/colton-herta-withdraws-from-both-madring-f2-races/10855308/ |access-date=18 September 2026 |website=motorsport.com}}</ref>}} |- | rowspan="2" nowrap="" |[[Campos Racing|Gasar Gasar Gida]]{{Flagicon|ESP}} |5 |[[Noel León]]{{Flagicon|MEX}} |1–12 |- |6 |[[Nikola Tsolov]]{{Flagicon|BUL}} |1–12 |- | rowspan="2" nowrap="" |[[DAMS Lucas Oil]]{{Flagicon|FRA}} |7 |[[Dino Beganovic]]{{Flagicon|SWE}} |1–12 |- |8 |[[Roman Bilinski]]{{Flagicon|POL}} |1–12 |- | rowspan="2" nowrap="" |[[MP Motorsport]]{{Flagicon|NLD}} |9 |[[Gabriele Minì]]{{Flagicon|ITA}} |1–12 |- |10 |[[Oliver Goethe]]{{Flagicon|DEU}} |1–12 |- | rowspan="2" nowrap="" |[[Prema Racing|Rashin tseren Prema]]{{Flagicon|ITA}} |11 |[[Sebastian Montoya|Sebastián Montoya]]{{Flagicon|COL}} |1–12 |- |12 |[[Mari Boya]]{{Flagicon|ESP}} |1–12 |- | rowspan="2" nowrap="" |[[Rodin Motorsport]]{{Flagicon|NZL}} |14 |[[Martinius Stenshorne]]{{Flagicon|NOR}} |1–12 |- |15 |[[Alex Dunne]]{{Flagicon|IRE}} |1–12 |- | rowspan="2" nowrap="" |[[ART Grand Prix]]{{Flagicon|FRA}} |16 |[[Kush Maini]]{{Flagicon|IND}} |1–12 |- |17 | nowrap="" |[[Tasanapol Inthraphuvasak]]{{Flagicon|THA}} |1-12{{Efn|[[Tasanapol Inthraphuvasak]] was entered into the [[2026 Montreal Formula 2 round|Montreal round]], but later withdrew following a crash in qualifying.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 May 2026 |title=Inthraphuvasak withdraws from F2 round in Canada |url=https://www.insidef2.com/inthraphuvasak-withdraws-from-f2-round-in-canada/ |access-date=24 May 2026 |website=insideF2}}</ref>}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[AIX Racing|Gasar AIX]]{{Flagicon|ARE}} |20 | nowrap="" |[[Emerson Fittipaldi Jr.]]{{Flagicon|BRA}} |1–12 |- |21 |[[Cian Shields|Garkuwar Cian]]{{Flagicon|GBR}} |1–12 |- | rowspan="3" nowrap="" |[[Van Amersfoort Racing|Gasar Van Amersfoort]]{{Flagicon|NLD}} | rowspan="2" |22 |[[Nico Varrone]]{{Flagicon|ARG}} |1–11 |- |[[Hiyu Yamakoshi]]{{Flagicon|JPN}} |12 |- |23 |[[Rafael Villagómez]]{{Flagicon|MEX}} |1–12 |- | rowspan="2" |[[Trident Motorsport|Trident]]{{Flagicon|ITA}} |24 |[[Laurens van Hoepen]]{{Flagicon|NLD}} |1–12 |- |25 |[[John Bennett (racing driver)|John Bennett]]{{Flagicon|GBR}} |1–12 |- ! colspan="4" |Tushen: |} === Canjin ƙungiya === Hitech ya ƙare haɗin gwiwar su tare da Toyota Gazoo Racing bayan kakar wasa daya, ya watsar da sunan 'TGR' daga sunansa. === Canjin direba === Gasar Invicta Racing ta masu mulki suna da sabon tsarin direba yayin da Leonardo Fornaroli ya shiga McLaren F1 Team a matsayin direban ajiya kuma Roman Staněk ya bar Formula 2 don shiga Kondo Racing's Buzz MK Racing offshoot a Super Formula . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murphy |first=Drew |date=2026-01-15 |title=McLaren confirm Leonardo Fornaroli as 2026 reserve driver in academy update |url=https://www.gpblog.com/en/news/mclaren-confirm-leonardo-fornaroli-as-2026-reserve-driver-in-academy-update |access-date=2026-01-16 |website=GPblog |language=en}}</ref> Invicta ya sanya hannu a shekarar 2025 FIA Formula 3 Champion da kuma direban Ferrari Driver Academy Rafael Câmara daga Trident, da Joshua Dürksen, wanda ya bar AIX Racing bayan ya gama kamfen din 2025 na tara don shiga tawagar don kakar wasa ta uku a gasar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2025 |title=2025 Formula 3 Champion Rafael Câmara steps up to F2 with Invicta Racing |url=https://www.fiaformula2.com/Latest/5EqLKOLpgVAm8ujP8FNlGq/2025-formula-3-champion-rafael-camara-steps-up-to-f2-with-invicta-racing |access-date=28 October 2025 |website=FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website |language=en}}</ref><ref name="DurksenInvicta">{{Cite web |title=Invicta Racing sign Joshua Duerksen for the 2026 Formula 2 season |url=https://www.fiaformula2.com/Latest/21FlttUecWTenudO2ynXx1/invicta-racing-sign-joshua-duerksen-for-the-2026-formula-2-season |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website |language=en}}</ref> Hitech ya ga Dino Beganovic ya koma DAMS Lucas Oil da Luke Browning sun bar jerin don yin gasa a Super Formula tare da Kondo Racing . <ref name="BeganovicDAMS">{{Cite web |date=21 October 2025 |title=DINO BEGANOVIC IS CONFIRMED FOR 2026! |url=https://damslucasoil.com/2025/10/22/dino-beganovic-is-confirmed-for-2026/ |access-date=22 October 2025 |website=[[DAMS]]}}</ref> Sun sanya hannu kan direban gwajin Cadillac F1 Colton Herta don farawarsa ta Formula 2. Ya koma daga IndyCar Series, inda ya lashe tseren tara a cikin shekaru takwas kuma ya ƙare kakar 2025 a karo na bakwai na Andretti Global . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Medland |first=Chris |date=2025-10-21 |title=Herta to race with Hitech in F2 {{!}} RACER |url=https://racer.com/2025/10/20/herta-to-race-with-hitech-in-f2 |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=racer.com |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251021133708/https://racer.com/2025/10/20/herta-to-race-with-hitech-in-f2 |archive-date=2025-10-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Har ila yau, kungiyar ta sanya hannu kan tsohon zakaran Super Formula Ritomo Miyata, wanda ya fara kamfen dinsa na uku na F2 bayan ya zo na 17 tare da ART Grand Prix a shekarar 2025. <ref name="Miyata">{{Cite web |date=8 December 2025 |title=Hitech announces Ritomo Miyata for 2026 FIA Formula 2 campaign |url=https://www.hitechgp.co.uk/hitech-announces-ritomo-miyata-for-2026-fia-formula-2-campaign/ |access-date=8 December 2025 |website=[[Hitech GP]] |language=en}}</ref> Campos Racing ya ga Pepe Martí ya kammala karatu zuwa Formula E tare da Cupra Kiro a gaban zagaye na karshe na kakar 2025, kuma Arvid Lindblad ya kammala karatu a Formula One tare da Racing Bulls . <ref name="Marti">{{Cite web |date=21 October 2025 |title=Pepe Martí joins CUPRA KIRO for 2025/26 FIA Formula E season |url=https://kiroraceco.com/latest/pepe-mart-joins-cupra-kiro-for-202526-fia-formula-e-season |access-date=21 October 2025 |website=[[Kiro Race Co]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2025 |title=Our Driver Line-Up For 2026 |url=https://www.visacashapprb.com/int-en/2026-driver-live-up-announcement |access-date=2 December 2025 |website=[[Racing Bulls]] |language=en}}</ref> 2025 FIA F3 wanda ya zo na biyu kuma direban Red Bull Junior Team Nikola Tsolov, wanda ya riga ya maye gurbin Martí a zagaye biyu na karshe na kakar 2025, ya zauna tare da Campos don kammala karatunsa na cikakken kakar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2025 |title=Nikola Tsolov Graduates to FIA Formula 2 with Campos Racing in 2026 |url=https://www.camposracing.com/en/noticias/fia-f2/nikola-tsolov-graduates-to-fia-formula-2-with-campos-racing-in-2026 |access-date=16 September 2025 |website=[[Campos Racing]]}}</ref> Noel León ne ya haɗu da shi, wanda kuma ya tashi daga FIA F3 bayan ya gama kakar 2025 a cikin 17th tuki na Prema Racing . <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 October 2025 |title=Noel León to Make FIA F2 Debut with Campos Racing in 2026 |url=https://www.camposracing.com/en/noticias/fia-f2/noel-leon-to-make-fia-f2-debut-with-campos-racing-in-2026 |access-date=21 October 2025 |website=[[Campos Racing]]}}</ref> DAMS Lucas Oil suna da sabon layi yayin da Kush Maini ya koma ART Grand Prix kuma Jak Crawford ya bar jerin don shiga Aston Martin F1 Team a matsayin direba na uku.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2025 |title=Jak Crawford confirmed as Aston Martin Aramco Third Driver for 2026 |url=https://www.astonmartinf1.com/en-GB/news/announcement/jak-crawford-confirmed-as-aston-martin-aramco-third-driver-for-2026 |access-date=28 October 2025 |website=Aston Martin F1}}</ref> Dino Beganovic memba na Kwalejin Driver ta Ferrari ya koma tawagar inda ya fara F2 a 2024 yayin da ya bar Hitech, tare da wanda ya kammala na bakwai a 2025, kuma Roman Bilinski ya fara jerin sa na farko bayan ya kammala na goma sha ɗaya a FIA F3 tare da Rodin Motorsport.<ref name="BeganovicDAMS" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 November 2025 |title=Roman Bilinski steps up to Formula 2 with DAMS Lucas Oil for 2026 |url=https://www.fiaformula2.com/Latest/3RurcrjQJx9BsvQSUWTnAV/roman-bilinski-steps-up-to-formula-2-with-dams-lucas-oil-for-2026 |access-date=25 November 2025 |website=FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website}}</ref> Richard Verschoor ya bar MP Motorsport bayan ya kwashe yanayi biyar a cikin rukunin don shiga Duqueine Team a cikin rukunin LMP2 na Turai Le Mans Series.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2025 |title=F2 leader Verschoor confirms this season will be his last |url=https://formulascout.com/f2-leader-verschoor-confirms-this-season-will-be-his-last |access-date=8 July 2025 |website=Formula Scout}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Klein |first=Jamie |date=2025-12-17 |title=Record 47-Car Provisional Full-Season Entry List Revealed – Sportscar365 |url=https://sportscar365.com/lemans/elms/record-47-car-provisional-full-season-entry-list-revealed/ |access-date=2025-12-17 |language=en-US}}</ref> Wanda ya maye gurbinsa shine Gabriele Minì, wanda ya gama cikakken kakar wasa ta farko a F2 a cikin 13th tuki na Prema Racing . <ref name="Mini">{{Cite web |date=8 December 2025 |title=Minì picks MP Motorsport for second full-season attempt at FIA Formula 2 glory |url=https://www.mpmotorsport.com/news/mini-picks-mp-motorsport-for-second-full-season-attempt-at-fia-formula-2-glory |access-date=8 December 2025 |website=[[MP Motorsport]] |language=en}}</ref> Prema Racing ya maye gurbin Minì mai zaman kansa tare da matashiyar direba ta Aston Martin Mari Boya, wanda ya kammala karatu daga FIA F3 bayan ya gama kakar 2025 a karo na uku tare da Campos Racing . <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2025 |title=Boya joins PREMA Racing for 2026 FIA Formula 2 season |url=https://premaracing.com/en/news/19658-promising-spaniard-step-up-to-rookie-f2-year |access-date=24 November 2025 |website=[[Prema Racing]] |language=en}}</ref> Direban Rodin Motorsport Amaury Cordeel ya bar Formula 2 a gaban zagaye biyu na karshe na kakar 2025 don shiga Team WRT a cikin GT World Challenge Turai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goodwin |first=Graham |date=2026-02-16 |title=Team WRT Complete 2026 GT World Challenge Europe Roster |url=https://www.dailysportscar.com/2026/02/16/team-wrt-complete-2026-gt-world-challenge-europe-roster.html |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=www.dailysportscar.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Don maye gurbinsa, kungiyar ta sanya hannu kan Martinius Stenshorne don cikakken kakar wasa ta farko bayan ya riga ya shiga zagaye na Baku na kakar 2025 tare da Trident kafin ya zama mataimakin Cordeel a lokacin zagaye biyu na karshe na shekarar 2025. Ya tashi daga FIA F3, inda ya zo na biyar a 2025 tare da Hitech.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2025 |title=Martinius Stenshorne joins Rodin Motorsport for 2026 campaign |url=https://www.fiaformula2.com/Latest/5WORxKNqxNTSXTiGgxiEu0/martinius-stenshorne-joins-rodin-motorsport-for-2026-campaign |access-date=1 October 2025 |website=FIA Formula 2 Championship}}</ref> ART Grand Prix ya ga Ritomo Miyata ya koma Hitech, yayin da Victor Martins ya bar Formula 2 bayan yanayi uku don shiga Alpine don shirin su na WEC Hypercar da Williams F1 Team a matsayin direba na gwaji da ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Villemant |first=Thibaut |last2=Khorounzhiy |first2=Valentin |date=2026-01-12 |title=Long-time F1 hopeful joins Alpine WEC roster |url=https://www.the-race.com/endurance/wec-alpine-new-signing-2026-victor-martins-williams/ |access-date=2026-01-12 |website=The Race |language=en}}</ref> Kungiyar ta sanya hannu kan direban Thai Tasanapol Inthraphuvasak, wanda ya kammala na bakwai tare da Campos Racing a cikin kakar FIA F3 ta 2025 kuma ya riga ya fara F2 a cikin kakar karshe ta 2025 don Trident, da Kush Maini, wanda ya shiga ART don kakar F2 ta huɗu bayan ya kammala na 16 a shekara ta 2025 tare da DAMS.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2025 |title=Tasanapol Inthraphusak graduates to Formula 2 in 2026 |url=https://www.art-grandprix.com/en/tasanapol-inthraphusak-graduates-to-formula-2-in-2026/ |access-date=18 November 2025 |website=[[ART Grand Prix]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2025 |title=ART Grand Prix sign Kush Maini for the 2026 Formula 2 season |url=https://www.fiaformula2.com/Latest/7SAyy3pFmIDFHfZOmSPzW/art-grand-prix-sign-kush-maini-for-the-2026-formula-2-season |access-date=9 December 2025 |website=FIA Formula 2 Championship}}</ref> Joshua Dürksen ya bar AIX Racing bayan shekaru biyu na tuki ga tawagar, don shiga Invicta Racing . <ref name="DurksenInvicta" /> Don maye gurbinsa, AIX ya sanya hannu kan Emerson Fittipaldi Jr., wanda ya tashi daga Eurocup-3, inda ya tuka MP Motorsport.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wood |first=Ida |date=7 September 2025 |title=Emmo Fittipaldi to leap up to F2 with AIX Racing in 2026 |url=https://formulascout.com/emmo-fittipaldi-to-leap-up-to-f2-with-aix-racing-in-2026/132980 |access-date=7 September 2025 |website=Formula Scout |language=en-US}}</ref> Van Amersfoort Racing ya ga John Bennett ya koma Trident . <ref name="Bennett">{{Cite web |date=9 December 2025 |title=FIA F2, John Bennett to Contest the 2026 FIA F2 with Trident Motorsport |url=https://www.tridentmotorsport.com/en/news/fia-f2,-john-bennett-to-contest-the-2026-fia-f2-with-trident-motorsport.html |access-date=9 December 2025 |website=[[Trident Motorsport]] |language=en}}</ref> 2023 FIA WEC LMGTE Am Champion da 24 Hours of Le Mans wanda ya lashe Nico Varrone, wanda ya yi gasa a cikin kujeru guda a cikin 2020 BRDC British Formula 3 Championship, ya maye gurbinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2025 |title=Van Amersfoort Racing welcomes Argentinian driver Nicolas Varrone to 2026 FIA Formula 2 campaign for 2026 |url=https://www.vanamersfoortracing.nl/news/2025/van-amersfoort-racing-welcomes-argentinian-driver-nicolas-varrone-to-2026-fia-formula-2-campaign/ |access-date=23 October 2025 |website=[[Van Amersfoort Racing]] |language=en}}</ref> Trident suna da sabon layi kamar yadda Max Esterson da Sami Meguetounif, waɗanda suka yi tsere don mafi yawan 2025, ba su koma cikin jerin ba, tare da Esterson ya shiga RLL Team McLaren a cikin ajin GTD na IMSA, kuma Meguetounf ya shiga TDS Racing a cikin ajin LMP2 na Turai Le Mans Series. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dagys |first=John |date=December 9, 2025 |title=61-Car Rolex 24 Entry List Released |url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/61-car-rolex-24-entry-list-released/ |access-date=December 9, 2025 |website=Sportscar365 |publisher=John Dagys Media}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2026 |title=TDS Racing mise sur Meguetounif et Huffaker pour épauler Thomas en LMP2 Pro-Am |url=https://www.endurance-info.com/auto/article/119528-tds-racing-mise-sur-meguetounif-et-huffaker-pour-epauler-thomas-en-lmp2-pro-am |access-date=8 March 2026 |website=Endurance-Info |language=fr}}</ref> Kungiyar ta sanya hannu kan John Bennett, wanda ya gama kakar wasa ta farko ta F2 ta 22 tare da Van Amersfoort Racing, da kuma direban FIA F3 Laurens van Hoepen, wanda ya zo na 12 tare da ART Grand Prix kuma ya riga ya yi tsere tare da Trident don zagaye uku na ƙarshe na shekarar 2025 .<ref name="Bennett" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 December 2025 |title=Van Hoepen to compete in the 2026 FIA F2 Championship with Trident |url=https://www.tridentmotorsport.com/en/news/van-hoepen-to-compete-in-the-2026-fia-f2-championship-with-trident.html |access-date=8 December 2025 |website=[[Trident Motorsport]] |language=en}}</ref> ==== Canje-canje a cikin yanayi ==== Kafin zagaye a Baku City Circuit, Nico Varrone ya sanar da cewa ya rabu da Van Amersfoort Racing . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramirez |first=Luis |date=2026-09-17 |title=Nico Varrone dejará de competir en la FIA F2 con el equipo VAR con efecto inmediato |trans-title=Nico Varrone will stop competing in FIA F2 with the VAR team, effective immediately. |url=https://lat.motorsport.com/fia-f2/news/nico-varrone-dejara-competir-fia-f2-efecto-inmediato/10856436/ |access-date=2026-09-17 |website=lat.motorsport.com |language=es}}</ref> An maye gurbinsa da Hiyu Yamakoshi, wanda ya tashi daga FIA Formula 3, inda ya gama na tara bayan ya yi ikirarin matsayi uku ga tawagar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-09-17 |title=Van Amersfoort Racing welcomes Hiyu Yamakoshi for FIA Formula 2 debut in Baku |url=https://www.vanamersfoortracing.nl/news/2026/van-amersfoort-racing-welcomes-hiyu-yamakoshi-for-fia-formula-2-debut-in-baku/ |access-date=2026-09-17 |website=Van Amersfoort Racing}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> 2ye3kpjpi3bcs7dyj862ssccvbop0s4 974882 974881 2026-11-01T16:11:34Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974882 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Gasar FIA Formula 2 ta shekarar 2026 gasar tseren motoci ce don motocin Formula 2 wanda Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) ta ba da izini. Gasar ita ce kakar wasa ta sittin ta tseren Formula 2 kuma ta goma a karkashin sunan FIA Formula 2 Championship. Formula 2 wani nau'i ne na tseren ƙafa wanda ke aiki a matsayin mataki na biyu na tseren tsari a cikin FIA Global Pathway . Ana gudanar da rukunin ne don tallafawa zagaye na zaɓaɓɓen gasar zakarun duniya ta Formula One ta 2026. Kamar yadda gasar ta kasance jerin takamaiman, duk kungiyoyi da direbobi da ke fafatawa a gasar suna gudanar da mota ɗaya, Dallara F2 2024. Invicta Racing ta shiga gasar a matsayin ƴan wasan da ke mulki, bayan sun sami lambar yabo a tseren karshe na kakar da ta gabata a Abu Dhabi. == Rubuce-rubuce == Kungiyoyi da direbobi masu zuwa suna kwangila don yin gasa a gasar zakarun Formula 2 ta 2026. Kamar yadda gasar ta kasance jerin takamaiman, duk kungiyoyi suna gasa tare da irin wannan Dallara F2 2024 chassis ta amfani da injin V6 turbo wanda Mecachrome ya kirkira.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wood |first=Ida |date=2023-08-31 |title=Formula 2 unveils its new-for-2024 car to be built by Dallara |url=https://formulascout.com/formula-2-unveils-its-new-for-2024-car/110697 |access-date=2025-06-14 |website=Formula Scout |language=en-US}}</ref> Dukkanin kungiyoyi suna gasa da tayoyin da Pirelli ya bayar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The car and engine |url=https://www.fiaformula2.com/About/14LCsEEMG9yyx5DkhcN1J8/the-car-and-engine-f2 |access-date=2025-06-14 |website=FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website |language=en}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%" !Kungiyar !A'a. !Direban !Zagaye-zangar |- | rowspan="2" nowrap="" |[[Invicta Racing|Gasar Invicta]]{{Flagicon|GBR}} |1 |[[Rafael Câmara]]{{Flagicon|BRA}} |1–12 |- |2 |[[Joshua Dürksen]]{{Flagicon|PAR}} |1–12 |- | rowspan="2" nowrap="" |[[Hitech Grand Prix|Hitech]]{{Flagicon|GBR}} |3 | nowrap="" |[[Ritomo Miyata]]{{Flagicon|JPN}} |1–12 |- |4 |[[Colton Herta]]{{Flagicon|USA}} |1-12{{Efn|[[Colton Herta]] was entered into the [[2026 Madrid Formula 2 round|Madrid round]], but later withdrew after feeling unwell.<ref>{{cite web|date=13 September 2026 |title=Colton Herta withdraws from both Madring F2 races |url=https://www.motorsport.com/fia-f2/news/colton-herta-withdraws-from-both-madring-f2-races/10855308/ |access-date=18 September 2026 |website=motorsport.com}}</ref>}} |- | rowspan="2" nowrap="" |[[Campos Racing|Gasar Gasar Gida]]{{Flagicon|ESP}} |5 |[[Noel León]]{{Flagicon|MEX}} |1–12 |- |6 |[[Nikola Tsolov]]{{Flagicon|BUL}} |1–12 |- | rowspan="2" nowrap="" |[[DAMS Lucas Oil]]{{Flagicon|FRA}} |7 |[[Dino Beganovic]]{{Flagicon|SWE}} |1–12 |- |8 |[[Roman Bilinski]]{{Flagicon|POL}} |1–12 |- | rowspan="2" nowrap="" |[[MP Motorsport]]{{Flagicon|NLD}} |9 |[[Gabriele Minì]]{{Flagicon|ITA}} |1–12 |- |10 |[[Oliver Goethe]]{{Flagicon|DEU}} |1–12 |- | rowspan="2" nowrap="" |[[Prema Racing|Rashin tseren Prema]]{{Flagicon|ITA}} |11 |[[Sebastian Montoya|Sebastián Montoya]]{{Flagicon|COL}} |1–12 |- |12 |[[Mari Boya]]{{Flagicon|ESP}} |1–12 |- | rowspan="2" nowrap="" |[[Rodin Motorsport]]{{Flagicon|NZL}} |14 |[[Martinius Stenshorne]]{{Flagicon|NOR}} |1–12 |- |15 |[[Alex Dunne]]{{Flagicon|IRE}} |1–12 |- | rowspan="2" nowrap="" |[[ART Grand Prix]]{{Flagicon|FRA}} |16 |[[Kush Maini]]{{Flagicon|IND}} |1–12 |- |17 | nowrap="" |[[Tasanapol Inthraphuvasak]]{{Flagicon|THA}} |1-12{{Efn|[[Tasanapol Inthraphuvasak]] was entered into the [[2026 Montreal Formula 2 round|Montreal round]], but later withdrew following a crash in qualifying.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 May 2026 |title=Inthraphuvasak withdraws from F2 round in Canada |url=https://www.insidef2.com/inthraphuvasak-withdraws-from-f2-round-in-canada/ |access-date=24 May 2026 |website=insideF2}}</ref>}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[AIX Racing|Gasar AIX]]{{Flagicon|ARE}} |20 | nowrap="" |[[Emerson Fittipaldi Jr.]]{{Flagicon|BRA}} |1–12 |- |21 |[[Cian Shields|Garkuwar Cian]]{{Flagicon|GBR}} |1–12 |- | rowspan="3" nowrap="" |[[Van Amersfoort Racing|Gasar Van Amersfoort]]{{Flagicon|NLD}} | rowspan="2" |22 |[[Nico Varrone]]{{Flagicon|ARG}} |1–11 |- |[[Hiyu Yamakoshi]]{{Flagicon|JPN}} |12 |- |23 |[[Rafael Villagómez]]{{Flagicon|MEX}} |1–12 |- | rowspan="2" |[[Trident Motorsport|Trident]]{{Flagicon|ITA}} |24 |[[Laurens van Hoepen]]{{Flagicon|NLD}} |1–12 |- |25 |[[John Bennett (racing driver)|John Bennett]]{{Flagicon|GBR}} |1–12 |- ! colspan="4" |Tushen: |} === Canjin ƙungiya === Hitech ya ƙare haɗin gwiwar su tare da Toyota Gazoo Racing bayan kakar wasa daya, ya watsar da sunan 'TGR' daga sunansa. === Canjin direba === Gasar Invicta Racing ta masu mulki suna da sabon tsarin direba yayin da Leonardo Fornaroli ya shiga McLaren F1 Team a matsayin direban ajiya kuma Roman Staněk ya bar Formula 2 don shiga Kondo Racing's Buzz MK Racing offshoot a Super Formula . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murphy |first=Drew |date=2026-01-15 |title=McLaren confirm Leonardo Fornaroli as 2026 reserve driver in academy update |url=https://www.gpblog.com/en/news/mclaren-confirm-leonardo-fornaroli-as-2026-reserve-driver-in-academy-update |access-date=2026-01-16 |website=GPblog |language=en}}</ref> Invicta ya sanya hannu a shekarar 2025 FIA Formula 3 Champion da kuma direban Ferrari Driver Academy Rafael Câmara daga Trident, da Joshua Dürksen, wanda ya bar AIX Racing bayan ya gama kamfen din 2025 na tara don shiga tawagar don kakar wasa ta uku a gasar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2025 |title=2025 Formula 3 Champion Rafael Câmara steps up to F2 with Invicta Racing |url=https://www.fiaformula2.com/Latest/5EqLKOLpgVAm8ujP8FNlGq/2025-formula-3-champion-rafael-camara-steps-up-to-f2-with-invicta-racing |access-date=28 October 2025 |website=FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website |language=en}}</ref><ref name="DurksenInvicta">{{Cite web |title=Invicta Racing sign Joshua Duerksen for the 2026 Formula 2 season |url=https://www.fiaformula2.com/Latest/21FlttUecWTenudO2ynXx1/invicta-racing-sign-joshua-duerksen-for-the-2026-formula-2-season |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website |language=en}}</ref> Hitech ya ga Dino Beganovic ya koma DAMS Lucas Oil da Luke Browning sun bar jerin don yin gasa a Super Formula tare da Kondo Racing . <ref name="BeganovicDAMS">{{Cite web |date=21 October 2025 |title=DINO BEGANOVIC IS CONFIRMED FOR 2026! |url=https://damslucasoil.com/2025/10/22/dino-beganovic-is-confirmed-for-2026/ |access-date=22 October 2025 |website=[[DAMS]]}}</ref> Sun sanya hannu kan direban gwajin Cadillac F1 Colton Herta don farawarsa ta Formula 2. Ya koma daga IndyCar Series, inda ya lashe tseren tara a cikin shekaru takwas kuma ya ƙare kakar 2025 a karo na bakwai na Andretti Global . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Medland |first=Chris |date=2025-10-21 |title=Herta to race with Hitech in F2 {{!}} RACER |url=https://racer.com/2025/10/20/herta-to-race-with-hitech-in-f2 |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=racer.com |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251021133708/https://racer.com/2025/10/20/herta-to-race-with-hitech-in-f2 |archive-date=2025-10-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Har ila yau, kungiyar ta sanya hannu kan tsohon zakaran Super Formula Ritomo Miyata, wanda ya fara kamfen dinsa na uku na F2 bayan ya zo na 17 tare da ART Grand Prix a shekarar 2025. <ref name="Miyata">{{Cite web |date=8 December 2025 |title=Hitech announces Ritomo Miyata for 2026 FIA Formula 2 campaign |url=https://www.hitechgp.co.uk/hitech-announces-ritomo-miyata-for-2026-fia-formula-2-campaign/ |access-date=8 December 2025 |website=[[Hitech GP]] |language=en}}</ref> Campos Racing ya ga Pepe Martí ya kammala karatu zuwa Formula E tare da Cupra Kiro a gaban zagaye na karshe na kakar 2025, kuma Arvid Lindblad ya kammala karatu a Formula One tare da Racing Bulls . <ref name="Marti">{{Cite web |date=21 October 2025 |title=Pepe Martí joins CUPRA KIRO for 2025/26 FIA Formula E season |url=https://kiroraceco.com/latest/pepe-mart-joins-cupra-kiro-for-202526-fia-formula-e-season |access-date=21 October 2025 |website=[[Kiro Race Co]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2025 |title=Our Driver Line-Up For 2026 |url=https://www.visacashapprb.com/int-en/2026-driver-live-up-announcement |access-date=2 December 2025 |website=[[Racing Bulls]] |language=en}}</ref> 2025 FIA F3 wanda ya zo na biyu kuma direban Red Bull Junior Team Nikola Tsolov, wanda ya riga ya maye gurbin Martí a zagaye biyu na karshe na kakar 2025, ya zauna tare da Campos don kammala karatunsa na cikakken kakar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2025 |title=Nikola Tsolov Graduates to FIA Formula 2 with Campos Racing in 2026 |url=https://www.camposracing.com/en/noticias/fia-f2/nikola-tsolov-graduates-to-fia-formula-2-with-campos-racing-in-2026 |access-date=16 September 2025 |website=[[Campos Racing]]}}</ref> Noel León ne ya haɗu da shi, wanda kuma ya tashi daga FIA F3 bayan ya gama kakar 2025 a cikin 17th tuki na Prema Racing . <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 October 2025 |title=Noel León to Make FIA F2 Debut with Campos Racing in 2026 |url=https://www.camposracing.com/en/noticias/fia-f2/noel-leon-to-make-fia-f2-debut-with-campos-racing-in-2026 |access-date=21 October 2025 |website=[[Campos Racing]]}}</ref> DAMS Lucas Oil suna da sabon layi yayin da Kush Maini ya koma ART Grand Prix kuma Jak Crawford ya bar jerin don shiga Aston Martin F1 Team a matsayin direba na uku.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2025 |title=Jak Crawford confirmed as Aston Martin Aramco Third Driver for 2026 |url=https://www.astonmartinf1.com/en-GB/news/announcement/jak-crawford-confirmed-as-aston-martin-aramco-third-driver-for-2026 |access-date=28 October 2025 |website=Aston Martin F1}}</ref> Dino Beganovic memba na Kwalejin Driver ta Ferrari ya koma tawagar inda ya fara F2 a 2024 yayin da ya bar Hitech, tare da wanda ya kammala na bakwai a 2025, kuma Roman Bilinski ya fara jerin sa na farko bayan ya kammala na goma sha ɗaya a FIA F3 tare da Rodin Motorsport.<ref name="BeganovicDAMS" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 November 2025 |title=Roman Bilinski steps up to Formula 2 with DAMS Lucas Oil for 2026 |url=https://www.fiaformula2.com/Latest/3RurcrjQJx9BsvQSUWTnAV/roman-bilinski-steps-up-to-formula-2-with-dams-lucas-oil-for-2026 |access-date=25 November 2025 |website=FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website}}</ref> Richard Verschoor ya bar MP Motorsport bayan ya kwashe yanayi biyar a cikin rukunin don shiga Duqueine Team a cikin rukunin LMP2 na Turai Le Mans Series.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2025 |title=F2 leader Verschoor confirms this season will be his last |url=https://formulascout.com/f2-leader-verschoor-confirms-this-season-will-be-his-last |access-date=8 July 2025 |website=Formula Scout}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Klein |first=Jamie |date=2025-12-17 |title=Record 47-Car Provisional Full-Season Entry List Revealed – Sportscar365 |url=https://sportscar365.com/lemans/elms/record-47-car-provisional-full-season-entry-list-revealed/ |access-date=2025-12-17 |language=en-US}}</ref> Wanda ya maye gurbinsa shine Gabriele Minì, wanda ya gama cikakken kakar wasa ta farko a F2 a cikin 13th tuki na Prema Racing . <ref name="Mini">{{Cite web |date=8 December 2025 |title=Minì picks MP Motorsport for second full-season attempt at FIA Formula 2 glory |url=https://www.mpmotorsport.com/news/mini-picks-mp-motorsport-for-second-full-season-attempt-at-fia-formula-2-glory |access-date=8 December 2025 |website=[[MP Motorsport]] |language=en}}</ref> Prema Racing ya maye gurbin Minì mai zaman kansa tare da matashiyar direba ta Aston Martin Mari Boya, wanda ya kammala karatu daga FIA F3 bayan ya gama kakar 2025 a karo na uku tare da Campos Racing . <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2025 |title=Boya joins PREMA Racing for 2026 FIA Formula 2 season |url=https://premaracing.com/en/news/19658-promising-spaniard-step-up-to-rookie-f2-year |access-date=24 November 2025 |website=[[Prema Racing]] |language=en}}</ref> Direban Rodin Motorsport Amaury Cordeel ya bar Formula 2 a gaban zagaye biyu na karshe na kakar 2025 don shiga Team WRT a cikin GT World Challenge Turai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goodwin |first=Graham |date=2026-02-16 |title=Team WRT Complete 2026 GT World Challenge Europe Roster |url=https://www.dailysportscar.com/2026/02/16/team-wrt-complete-2026-gt-world-challenge-europe-roster.html |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=www.dailysportscar.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Don maye gurbinsa, kungiyar ta sanya hannu kan Martinius Stenshorne don cikakken kakar wasa ta farko bayan ya riga ya shiga zagaye na Baku na kakar 2025 tare da Trident kafin ya zama mataimakin Cordeel a lokacin zagaye biyu na karshe na shekarar 2025. Ya tashi daga FIA F3, inda ya zo na biyar a 2025 tare da Hitech.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2025 |title=Martinius Stenshorne joins Rodin Motorsport for 2026 campaign |url=https://www.fiaformula2.com/Latest/5WORxKNqxNTSXTiGgxiEu0/martinius-stenshorne-joins-rodin-motorsport-for-2026-campaign |access-date=1 October 2025 |website=FIA Formula 2 Championship}}</ref> ART Grand Prix ya ga Ritomo Miyata ya koma Hitech, yayin da Victor Martins ya bar Formula 2 bayan yanayi uku don shiga Alpine don shirin su na WEC Hypercar da Williams F1 Team a matsayin direba na gwaji da ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Villemant |first=Thibaut |last2=Khorounzhiy |first2=Valentin |date=2026-01-12 |title=Long-time F1 hopeful joins Alpine WEC roster |url=https://www.the-race.com/endurance/wec-alpine-new-signing-2026-victor-martins-williams/ |access-date=2026-01-12 |website=The Race |language=en}}</ref> Kungiyar ta sanya hannu kan direban Thai Tasanapol Inthraphuvasak, wanda ya kammala na bakwai tare da Campos Racing a cikin kakar FIA F3 ta 2025 kuma ya riga ya fara F2 a cikin kakar karshe ta 2025 don Trident, da Kush Maini, wanda ya shiga ART don kakar F2 ta huɗu bayan ya kammala na 16 a shekara ta 2025 tare da DAMS.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2025 |title=Tasanapol Inthraphusak graduates to Formula 2 in 2026 |url=https://www.art-grandprix.com/en/tasanapol-inthraphusak-graduates-to-formula-2-in-2026/ |access-date=18 November 2025 |website=[[ART Grand Prix]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2025 |title=ART Grand Prix sign Kush Maini for the 2026 Formula 2 season |url=https://www.fiaformula2.com/Latest/7SAyy3pFmIDFHfZOmSPzW/art-grand-prix-sign-kush-maini-for-the-2026-formula-2-season |access-date=9 December 2025 |website=FIA Formula 2 Championship}}</ref> Joshua Dürksen ya bar AIX Racing bayan shekaru biyu na tuki ga tawagar, don shiga Invicta Racing . <ref name="DurksenInvicta" /> Don maye gurbinsa, AIX ya sanya hannu kan Emerson Fittipaldi Jr., wanda ya tashi daga Eurocup-3, inda ya tuka MP Motorsport.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wood |first=Ida |date=7 September 2025 |title=Emmo Fittipaldi to leap up to F2 with AIX Racing in 2026 |url=https://formulascout.com/emmo-fittipaldi-to-leap-up-to-f2-with-aix-racing-in-2026/132980 |access-date=7 September 2025 |website=Formula Scout |language=en-US}}</ref> Van Amersfoort Racing ya ga John Bennett ya koma Trident . <ref name="Bennett">{{Cite web |date=9 December 2025 |title=FIA F2, John Bennett to Contest the 2026 FIA F2 with Trident Motorsport |url=https://www.tridentmotorsport.com/en/news/fia-f2,-john-bennett-to-contest-the-2026-fia-f2-with-trident-motorsport.html |access-date=9 December 2025 |website=[[Trident Motorsport]] |language=en}}</ref> 2023 FIA WEC LMGTE Am Champion da 24 Hours of Le Mans wanda ya lashe Nico Varrone, wanda ya yi gasa a cikin kujeru guda a cikin 2020 BRDC British Formula 3 Championship, ya maye gurbinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2025 |title=Van Amersfoort Racing welcomes Argentinian driver Nicolas Varrone to 2026 FIA Formula 2 campaign for 2026 |url=https://www.vanamersfoortracing.nl/news/2025/van-amersfoort-racing-welcomes-argentinian-driver-nicolas-varrone-to-2026-fia-formula-2-campaign/ |access-date=23 October 2025 |website=[[Van Amersfoort Racing]] |language=en}}</ref> Trident suna da sabon layi kamar yadda Max Esterson da Sami Meguetounif, waɗanda suka yi tsere don mafi yawan 2025, ba su koma cikin jerin ba, tare da Esterson ya shiga RLL Team McLaren a cikin ajin GTD na IMSA, kuma Meguetounf ya shiga TDS Racing a cikin ajin LMP2 na Turai Le Mans Series. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dagys |first=John |date=December 9, 2025 |title=61-Car Rolex 24 Entry List Released |url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/61-car-rolex-24-entry-list-released/ |access-date=December 9, 2025 |website=Sportscar365 |publisher=John Dagys Media}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2026 |title=TDS Racing mise sur Meguetounif et Huffaker pour épauler Thomas en LMP2 Pro-Am |url=https://www.endurance-info.com/auto/article/119528-tds-racing-mise-sur-meguetounif-et-huffaker-pour-epauler-thomas-en-lmp2-pro-am |access-date=8 March 2026 |website=Endurance-Info |language=fr}}</ref> Kungiyar ta sanya hannu kan John Bennett, wanda ya gama kakar wasa ta farko ta F2 ta 22 tare da Van Amersfoort Racing, da kuma direban FIA F3 Laurens van Hoepen, wanda ya zo na 12 tare da ART Grand Prix kuma ya riga ya yi tsere tare da Trident don zagaye uku na ƙarshe na shekarar 2025 .<ref name="Bennett" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 December 2025 |title=Van Hoepen to compete in the 2026 FIA F2 Championship with Trident |url=https://www.tridentmotorsport.com/en/news/van-hoepen-to-compete-in-the-2026-fia-f2-championship-with-trident.html |access-date=8 December 2025 |website=[[Trident Motorsport]] |language=en}}</ref> ==== Canje-canje a cikin yanayi ==== Kafin zagaye a Baku City Circuit, Nico Varrone ya sanar da cewa ya rabu da Van Amersfoort Racing . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramirez |first=Luis |date=2026-09-17 |title=Nico Varrone dejará de competir en la FIA F2 con el equipo VAR con efecto inmediato |trans-title=Nico Varrone will stop competing in FIA F2 with the VAR team, effective immediately. |url=https://lat.motorsport.com/fia-f2/news/nico-varrone-dejara-competir-fia-f2-efecto-inmediato/10856436/ |access-date=2026-09-17 |website=lat.motorsport.com |language=es}}</ref> An maye gurbinsa da Hiyu Yamakoshi, wanda ya tashi daga FIA Formula 3, inda ya gama na tara bayan ya yi ikirarin matsayi uku ga tawagar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-09-17 |title=Van Amersfoort Racing welcomes Hiyu Yamakoshi for FIA Formula 2 debut in Baku |url=https://www.vanamersfoortracing.nl/news/2026/van-amersfoort-racing-welcomes-hiyu-yamakoshi-for-fia-formula-2-debut-in-baku/ |access-date=2026-09-17 |website=Van Amersfoort Racing}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> cghngh59eectma6r7ddgpbw4t4sccne 974883 974882 2026-11-01T16:11:51Z Ummun Sultan 23935 974883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Gasar FIA Formula 2 ta shekarar 2026 gasar tseren motoci ce don motocin Formula 2 wanda Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) ta ba da izini. Gasar ita ce kakar wasa ta sittin ta tseren Formula 2 kuma ta goma a karkashin sunan FIA Formula 2 Championship. Formula 2 wani nau'i ne na tseren ƙafa wanda ke aiki a matsayin mataki na biyu na tseren tsari a cikin FIA Global Pathway . Ana gudanar da rukunin ne don tallafawa zagaye na zaɓaɓɓen gasar zakarun duniya ta Formula One ta 2026. Kamar yadda gasar ta kasance jerin takamaiman, duk kungiyoyi da direbobi da ke fafatawa a gasar suna gudanar da mota ɗaya, Dallara F2 2024. Invicta Racing ta shiga gasar a matsayin ƴan wasan da ke mulki, bayan sun sami lambar yabo a tseren ƙarshe na kakar da ta gabata a Abu Dhabi. == Rubuce-rubuce == Kungiyoyi da direbobi masu zuwa suna kwangila don yin gasa a gasar zakarun Formula 2 ta 2026. Kamar yadda gasar ta kasance jerin takamaiman, duk kungiyoyi suna gasa tare da irin wannan Dallara F2 2024 chassis ta amfani da injin V6 turbo wanda Mecachrome ya kirkira.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wood |first=Ida |date=2023-08-31 |title=Formula 2 unveils its new-for-2024 car to be built by Dallara |url=https://formulascout.com/formula-2-unveils-its-new-for-2024-car/110697 |access-date=2025-06-14 |website=Formula Scout |language=en-US}}</ref> Dukkanin kungiyoyi suna gasa da tayoyin da Pirelli ya bayar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The car and engine |url=https://www.fiaformula2.com/About/14LCsEEMG9yyx5DkhcN1J8/the-car-and-engine-f2 |access-date=2025-06-14 |website=FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website |language=en}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%" !Kungiyar !A'a. !Direban !Zagaye-zangar |- | rowspan="2" nowrap="" |[[Invicta Racing|Gasar Invicta]]{{Flagicon|GBR}} |1 |[[Rafael Câmara]]{{Flagicon|BRA}} |1–12 |- |2 |[[Joshua Dürksen]]{{Flagicon|PAR}} |1–12 |- | rowspan="2" nowrap="" |[[Hitech Grand Prix|Hitech]]{{Flagicon|GBR}} |3 | nowrap="" |[[Ritomo Miyata]]{{Flagicon|JPN}} |1–12 |- |4 |[[Colton Herta]]{{Flagicon|USA}} |1-12{{Efn|[[Colton Herta]] was entered into the [[2026 Madrid Formula 2 round|Madrid round]], but later withdrew after feeling unwell.<ref>{{cite web|date=13 September 2026 |title=Colton Herta withdraws from both Madring F2 races |url=https://www.motorsport.com/fia-f2/news/colton-herta-withdraws-from-both-madring-f2-races/10855308/ |access-date=18 September 2026 |website=motorsport.com}}</ref>}} |- | rowspan="2" nowrap="" |[[Campos Racing|Gasar Gasar Gida]]{{Flagicon|ESP}} |5 |[[Noel León]]{{Flagicon|MEX}} |1–12 |- |6 |[[Nikola Tsolov]]{{Flagicon|BUL}} |1–12 |- | rowspan="2" nowrap="" |[[DAMS Lucas Oil]]{{Flagicon|FRA}} |7 |[[Dino Beganovic]]{{Flagicon|SWE}} |1–12 |- |8 |[[Roman Bilinski]]{{Flagicon|POL}} |1–12 |- | rowspan="2" nowrap="" |[[MP Motorsport]]{{Flagicon|NLD}} |9 |[[Gabriele Minì]]{{Flagicon|ITA}} |1–12 |- |10 |[[Oliver Goethe]]{{Flagicon|DEU}} |1–12 |- | rowspan="2" nowrap="" |[[Prema Racing|Rashin tseren Prema]]{{Flagicon|ITA}} |11 |[[Sebastian Montoya|Sebastián Montoya]]{{Flagicon|COL}} |1–12 |- |12 |[[Mari Boya]]{{Flagicon|ESP}} |1–12 |- | rowspan="2" nowrap="" |[[Rodin Motorsport]]{{Flagicon|NZL}} |14 |[[Martinius Stenshorne]]{{Flagicon|NOR}} |1–12 |- |15 |[[Alex Dunne]]{{Flagicon|IRE}} |1–12 |- | rowspan="2" nowrap="" |[[ART Grand Prix]]{{Flagicon|FRA}} |16 |[[Kush Maini]]{{Flagicon|IND}} |1–12 |- |17 | nowrap="" |[[Tasanapol Inthraphuvasak]]{{Flagicon|THA}} |1-12{{Efn|[[Tasanapol Inthraphuvasak]] was entered into the [[2026 Montreal Formula 2 round|Montreal round]], but later withdrew following a crash in qualifying.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 May 2026 |title=Inthraphuvasak withdraws from F2 round in Canada |url=https://www.insidef2.com/inthraphuvasak-withdraws-from-f2-round-in-canada/ |access-date=24 May 2026 |website=insideF2}}</ref>}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[AIX Racing|Gasar AIX]]{{Flagicon|ARE}} |20 | nowrap="" |[[Emerson Fittipaldi Jr.]]{{Flagicon|BRA}} |1–12 |- |21 |[[Cian Shields|Garkuwar Cian]]{{Flagicon|GBR}} |1–12 |- | rowspan="3" nowrap="" |[[Van Amersfoort Racing|Gasar Van Amersfoort]]{{Flagicon|NLD}} | rowspan="2" |22 |[[Nico Varrone]]{{Flagicon|ARG}} |1–11 |- |[[Hiyu Yamakoshi]]{{Flagicon|JPN}} |12 |- |23 |[[Rafael Villagómez]]{{Flagicon|MEX}} |1–12 |- | rowspan="2" |[[Trident Motorsport|Trident]]{{Flagicon|ITA}} |24 |[[Laurens van Hoepen]]{{Flagicon|NLD}} |1–12 |- |25 |[[John Bennett (racing driver)|John Bennett]]{{Flagicon|GBR}} |1–12 |- ! colspan="4" |Tushen: |} === Canjin ƙungiya === Hitech ya ƙare haɗin gwiwar su tare da Toyota Gazoo Racing bayan kakar wasa daya, ya watsar da sunan 'TGR' daga sunansa. === Canjin direba === Gasar Invicta Racing ta masu mulki suna da sabon tsarin direba yayin da Leonardo Fornaroli ya shiga McLaren F1 Team a matsayin direban ajiya kuma Roman Staněk ya bar Formula 2 don shiga Kondo Racing's Buzz MK Racing offshoot a Super Formula . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murphy |first=Drew |date=2026-01-15 |title=McLaren confirm Leonardo Fornaroli as 2026 reserve driver in academy update |url=https://www.gpblog.com/en/news/mclaren-confirm-leonardo-fornaroli-as-2026-reserve-driver-in-academy-update |access-date=2026-01-16 |website=GPblog |language=en}}</ref> Invicta ya sanya hannu a shekarar 2025 FIA Formula 3 Champion da kuma direban Ferrari Driver Academy Rafael Câmara daga Trident, da Joshua Dürksen, wanda ya bar AIX Racing bayan ya gama kamfen din 2025 na tara don shiga tawagar don kakar wasa ta uku a gasar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2025 |title=2025 Formula 3 Champion Rafael Câmara steps up to F2 with Invicta Racing |url=https://www.fiaformula2.com/Latest/5EqLKOLpgVAm8ujP8FNlGq/2025-formula-3-champion-rafael-camara-steps-up-to-f2-with-invicta-racing |access-date=28 October 2025 |website=FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website |language=en}}</ref><ref name="DurksenInvicta">{{Cite web |title=Invicta Racing sign Joshua Duerksen for the 2026 Formula 2 season |url=https://www.fiaformula2.com/Latest/21FlttUecWTenudO2ynXx1/invicta-racing-sign-joshua-duerksen-for-the-2026-formula-2-season |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website |language=en}}</ref> Hitech ya ga Dino Beganovic ya koma DAMS Lucas Oil da Luke Browning sun bar jerin don yin gasa a Super Formula tare da Kondo Racing . <ref name="BeganovicDAMS">{{Cite web |date=21 October 2025 |title=DINO BEGANOVIC IS CONFIRMED FOR 2026! |url=https://damslucasoil.com/2025/10/22/dino-beganovic-is-confirmed-for-2026/ |access-date=22 October 2025 |website=[[DAMS]]}}</ref> Sun sanya hannu kan direban gwajin Cadillac F1 Colton Herta don farawarsa ta Formula 2. Ya koma daga IndyCar Series, inda ya lashe tseren tara a cikin shekaru takwas kuma ya ƙare kakar 2025 a karo na bakwai na Andretti Global . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Medland |first=Chris |date=2025-10-21 |title=Herta to race with Hitech in F2 {{!}} RACER |url=https://racer.com/2025/10/20/herta-to-race-with-hitech-in-f2 |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=racer.com |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251021133708/https://racer.com/2025/10/20/herta-to-race-with-hitech-in-f2 |archive-date=2025-10-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Har ila yau, kungiyar ta sanya hannu kan tsohon zakaran Super Formula Ritomo Miyata, wanda ya fara kamfen dinsa na uku na F2 bayan ya zo na 17 tare da ART Grand Prix a shekarar 2025. <ref name="Miyata">{{Cite web |date=8 December 2025 |title=Hitech announces Ritomo Miyata for 2026 FIA Formula 2 campaign |url=https://www.hitechgp.co.uk/hitech-announces-ritomo-miyata-for-2026-fia-formula-2-campaign/ |access-date=8 December 2025 |website=[[Hitech GP]] |language=en}}</ref> Campos Racing ya ga Pepe Martí ya kammala karatu zuwa Formula E tare da Cupra Kiro a gaban zagaye na karshe na kakar 2025, kuma Arvid Lindblad ya kammala karatu a Formula One tare da Racing Bulls . <ref name="Marti">{{Cite web |date=21 October 2025 |title=Pepe Martí joins CUPRA KIRO for 2025/26 FIA Formula E season |url=https://kiroraceco.com/latest/pepe-mart-joins-cupra-kiro-for-202526-fia-formula-e-season |access-date=21 October 2025 |website=[[Kiro Race Co]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2025 |title=Our Driver Line-Up For 2026 |url=https://www.visacashapprb.com/int-en/2026-driver-live-up-announcement |access-date=2 December 2025 |website=[[Racing Bulls]] |language=en}}</ref> 2025 FIA F3 wanda ya zo na biyu kuma direban Red Bull Junior Team Nikola Tsolov, wanda ya riga ya maye gurbin Martí a zagaye biyu na karshe na kakar 2025, ya zauna tare da Campos don kammala karatunsa na cikakken kakar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2025 |title=Nikola Tsolov Graduates to FIA Formula 2 with Campos Racing in 2026 |url=https://www.camposracing.com/en/noticias/fia-f2/nikola-tsolov-graduates-to-fia-formula-2-with-campos-racing-in-2026 |access-date=16 September 2025 |website=[[Campos Racing]]}}</ref> Noel León ne ya haɗu da shi, wanda kuma ya tashi daga FIA F3 bayan ya gama kakar 2025 a cikin 17th tuki na Prema Racing . <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 October 2025 |title=Noel León to Make FIA F2 Debut with Campos Racing in 2026 |url=https://www.camposracing.com/en/noticias/fia-f2/noel-leon-to-make-fia-f2-debut-with-campos-racing-in-2026 |access-date=21 October 2025 |website=[[Campos Racing]]}}</ref> DAMS Lucas Oil suna da sabon layi yayin da Kush Maini ya koma ART Grand Prix kuma Jak Crawford ya bar jerin don shiga Aston Martin F1 Team a matsayin direba na uku.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2025 |title=Jak Crawford confirmed as Aston Martin Aramco Third Driver for 2026 |url=https://www.astonmartinf1.com/en-GB/news/announcement/jak-crawford-confirmed-as-aston-martin-aramco-third-driver-for-2026 |access-date=28 October 2025 |website=Aston Martin F1}}</ref> Dino Beganovic memba na Kwalejin Driver ta Ferrari ya koma tawagar inda ya fara F2 a 2024 yayin da ya bar Hitech, tare da wanda ya kammala na bakwai a 2025, kuma Roman Bilinski ya fara jerin sa na farko bayan ya kammala na goma sha ɗaya a FIA F3 tare da Rodin Motorsport.<ref name="BeganovicDAMS" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 November 2025 |title=Roman Bilinski steps up to Formula 2 with DAMS Lucas Oil for 2026 |url=https://www.fiaformula2.com/Latest/3RurcrjQJx9BsvQSUWTnAV/roman-bilinski-steps-up-to-formula-2-with-dams-lucas-oil-for-2026 |access-date=25 November 2025 |website=FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website}}</ref> Richard Verschoor ya bar MP Motorsport bayan ya kwashe yanayi biyar a cikin rukunin don shiga Duqueine Team a cikin rukunin LMP2 na Turai Le Mans Series.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2025 |title=F2 leader Verschoor confirms this season will be his last |url=https://formulascout.com/f2-leader-verschoor-confirms-this-season-will-be-his-last |access-date=8 July 2025 |website=Formula Scout}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Klein |first=Jamie |date=2025-12-17 |title=Record 47-Car Provisional Full-Season Entry List Revealed – Sportscar365 |url=https://sportscar365.com/lemans/elms/record-47-car-provisional-full-season-entry-list-revealed/ |access-date=2025-12-17 |language=en-US}}</ref> Wanda ya maye gurbinsa shine Gabriele Minì, wanda ya gama cikakken kakar wasa ta farko a F2 a cikin 13th tuki na Prema Racing . <ref name="Mini">{{Cite web |date=8 December 2025 |title=Minì picks MP Motorsport for second full-season attempt at FIA Formula 2 glory |url=https://www.mpmotorsport.com/news/mini-picks-mp-motorsport-for-second-full-season-attempt-at-fia-formula-2-glory |access-date=8 December 2025 |website=[[MP Motorsport]] |language=en}}</ref> Prema Racing ya maye gurbin Minì mai zaman kansa tare da matashiyar direba ta Aston Martin Mari Boya, wanda ya kammala karatu daga FIA F3 bayan ya gama kakar 2025 a karo na uku tare da Campos Racing . <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2025 |title=Boya joins PREMA Racing for 2026 FIA Formula 2 season |url=https://premaracing.com/en/news/19658-promising-spaniard-step-up-to-rookie-f2-year |access-date=24 November 2025 |website=[[Prema Racing]] |language=en}}</ref> Direban Rodin Motorsport Amaury Cordeel ya bar Formula 2 a gaban zagaye biyu na karshe na kakar 2025 don shiga Team WRT a cikin GT World Challenge Turai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goodwin |first=Graham |date=2026-02-16 |title=Team WRT Complete 2026 GT World Challenge Europe Roster |url=https://www.dailysportscar.com/2026/02/16/team-wrt-complete-2026-gt-world-challenge-europe-roster.html |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=www.dailysportscar.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Don maye gurbinsa, kungiyar ta sanya hannu kan Martinius Stenshorne don cikakken kakar wasa ta farko bayan ya riga ya shiga zagaye na Baku na kakar 2025 tare da Trident kafin ya zama mataimakin Cordeel a lokacin zagaye biyu na karshe na shekarar 2025. Ya tashi daga FIA F3, inda ya zo na biyar a 2025 tare da Hitech.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2025 |title=Martinius Stenshorne joins Rodin Motorsport for 2026 campaign |url=https://www.fiaformula2.com/Latest/5WORxKNqxNTSXTiGgxiEu0/martinius-stenshorne-joins-rodin-motorsport-for-2026-campaign |access-date=1 October 2025 |website=FIA Formula 2 Championship}}</ref> ART Grand Prix ya ga Ritomo Miyata ya koma Hitech, yayin da Victor Martins ya bar Formula 2 bayan yanayi uku don shiga Alpine don shirin su na WEC Hypercar da Williams F1 Team a matsayin direba na gwaji da ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Villemant |first=Thibaut |last2=Khorounzhiy |first2=Valentin |date=2026-01-12 |title=Long-time F1 hopeful joins Alpine WEC roster |url=https://www.the-race.com/endurance/wec-alpine-new-signing-2026-victor-martins-williams/ |access-date=2026-01-12 |website=The Race |language=en}}</ref> Kungiyar ta sanya hannu kan direban Thai Tasanapol Inthraphuvasak, wanda ya kammala na bakwai tare da Campos Racing a cikin kakar FIA F3 ta 2025 kuma ya riga ya fara F2 a cikin kakar karshe ta 2025 don Trident, da Kush Maini, wanda ya shiga ART don kakar F2 ta huɗu bayan ya kammala na 16 a shekara ta 2025 tare da DAMS.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2025 |title=Tasanapol Inthraphusak graduates to Formula 2 in 2026 |url=https://www.art-grandprix.com/en/tasanapol-inthraphusak-graduates-to-formula-2-in-2026/ |access-date=18 November 2025 |website=[[ART Grand Prix]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2025 |title=ART Grand Prix sign Kush Maini for the 2026 Formula 2 season |url=https://www.fiaformula2.com/Latest/7SAyy3pFmIDFHfZOmSPzW/art-grand-prix-sign-kush-maini-for-the-2026-formula-2-season |access-date=9 December 2025 |website=FIA Formula 2 Championship}}</ref> Joshua Dürksen ya bar AIX Racing bayan shekaru biyu na tuki ga tawagar, don shiga Invicta Racing . <ref name="DurksenInvicta" /> Don maye gurbinsa, AIX ya sanya hannu kan Emerson Fittipaldi Jr., wanda ya tashi daga Eurocup-3, inda ya tuka MP Motorsport.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wood |first=Ida |date=7 September 2025 |title=Emmo Fittipaldi to leap up to F2 with AIX Racing in 2026 |url=https://formulascout.com/emmo-fittipaldi-to-leap-up-to-f2-with-aix-racing-in-2026/132980 |access-date=7 September 2025 |website=Formula Scout |language=en-US}}</ref> Van Amersfoort Racing ya ga John Bennett ya koma Trident . <ref name="Bennett">{{Cite web |date=9 December 2025 |title=FIA F2, John Bennett to Contest the 2026 FIA F2 with Trident Motorsport |url=https://www.tridentmotorsport.com/en/news/fia-f2,-john-bennett-to-contest-the-2026-fia-f2-with-trident-motorsport.html |access-date=9 December 2025 |website=[[Trident Motorsport]] |language=en}}</ref> 2023 FIA WEC LMGTE Am Champion da 24 Hours of Le Mans wanda ya lashe Nico Varrone, wanda ya yi gasa a cikin kujeru guda a cikin 2020 BRDC British Formula 3 Championship, ya maye gurbinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2025 |title=Van Amersfoort Racing welcomes Argentinian driver Nicolas Varrone to 2026 FIA Formula 2 campaign for 2026 |url=https://www.vanamersfoortracing.nl/news/2025/van-amersfoort-racing-welcomes-argentinian-driver-nicolas-varrone-to-2026-fia-formula-2-campaign/ |access-date=23 October 2025 |website=[[Van Amersfoort Racing]] |language=en}}</ref> Trident suna da sabon layi kamar yadda Max Esterson da Sami Meguetounif, waɗanda suka yi tsere don mafi yawan 2025, ba su koma cikin jerin ba, tare da Esterson ya shiga RLL Team McLaren a cikin ajin GTD na IMSA, kuma Meguetounf ya shiga TDS Racing a cikin ajin LMP2 na Turai Le Mans Series. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dagys |first=John |date=December 9, 2025 |title=61-Car Rolex 24 Entry List Released |url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/61-car-rolex-24-entry-list-released/ |access-date=December 9, 2025 |website=Sportscar365 |publisher=John Dagys Media}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2026 |title=TDS Racing mise sur Meguetounif et Huffaker pour épauler Thomas en LMP2 Pro-Am |url=https://www.endurance-info.com/auto/article/119528-tds-racing-mise-sur-meguetounif-et-huffaker-pour-epauler-thomas-en-lmp2-pro-am |access-date=8 March 2026 |website=Endurance-Info |language=fr}}</ref> Kungiyar ta sanya hannu kan John Bennett, wanda ya gama kakar wasa ta farko ta F2 ta 22 tare da Van Amersfoort Racing, da kuma direban FIA F3 Laurens van Hoepen, wanda ya zo na 12 tare da ART Grand Prix kuma ya riga ya yi tsere tare da Trident don zagaye uku na ƙarshe na shekarar 2025 .<ref name="Bennett" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 December 2025 |title=Van Hoepen to compete in the 2026 FIA F2 Championship with Trident |url=https://www.tridentmotorsport.com/en/news/van-hoepen-to-compete-in-the-2026-fia-f2-championship-with-trident.html |access-date=8 December 2025 |website=[[Trident Motorsport]] |language=en}}</ref> ==== Canje-canje a cikin yanayi ==== Kafin zagaye a Baku City Circuit, Nico Varrone ya sanar da cewa ya rabu da Van Amersfoort Racing . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramirez |first=Luis |date=2026-09-17 |title=Nico Varrone dejará de competir en la FIA F2 con el equipo VAR con efecto inmediato |trans-title=Nico Varrone will stop competing in FIA F2 with the VAR team, effective immediately. |url=https://lat.motorsport.com/fia-f2/news/nico-varrone-dejara-competir-fia-f2-efecto-inmediato/10856436/ |access-date=2026-09-17 |website=lat.motorsport.com |language=es}}</ref> An maye gurbinsa da Hiyu Yamakoshi, wanda ya tashi daga FIA Formula 3, inda ya gama na tara bayan ya yi ikirarin matsayi uku ga tawagar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-09-17 |title=Van Amersfoort Racing welcomes Hiyu Yamakoshi for FIA Formula 2 debut in Baku |url=https://www.vanamersfoortracing.nl/news/2026/van-amersfoort-racing-welcomes-hiyu-yamakoshi-for-fia-formula-2-debut-in-baku/ |access-date=2026-09-17 |website=Van Amersfoort Racing}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> eet1kxce0a9t5em0fif4jiupkm2pjfj 0 177808 975096 973136 2026-11-02T03:03:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox biography | name = Dadin Kowa | settlement_type = Town | country = Nigeria | state = Gombe State | local_government_area = Yamaltu/Deba | postal_code = 762103 }} '''Dadin Kowa''' gari ne da ke cikin [[Yamaltu/Deba|Ƙaramar Hukumar Yamaltu/Deba]] ta [[Jihar Gombe]], a arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Garin yana da muhimmiyar alaƙa da [[Dadin Kowa Dam]], wadda take a yankin kuma ke da muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da ruwa, ban ruwa da wutar lantarki.<ref>{{cite news |title=FG Commission's 40 megawatts hydropower project in Gombe |url=https://guardian.ng/news/fg-commissions-40-megawatts-hydropower-project-in-gombe/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=22 May 2023 |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> Dadin Kowa na daga cikin wuraren da suka amfana da ayyukan [[Dadin Kowa Dam]]. Madatsar ruwan tana kan [[Kogin Gongola]] a Jihar Gombe, kuma an tsara ta ne domin amfani da ruwa wajen ban ruwa, samar da ruwan sha da samar da wutar lantarki.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dadin-Kowa Irrigation Project |url=https://ubrbda.gov.ng/dkowairrigation.php |website=Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> == Tarihi == An fara tunanin amfani da yankin Dadin Kowa wajen aikin samar da wutar lantarki tun shekarun farko na bayan samun 'yancin kan Najeriya. Aikin madatsar ruwan daga baya ya samu kwangila a shekarar 1980, kuma an kaddamar da madatsar ruwan a shekarar 1988.<ref>{{cite news |title=3 Years After Completion, 40mw Dadin-Kowa Hydropower Plant Dormant |url=https://www.dailytrustfoundation.org/electricity/3-years-after-completion-40mw-dadin-kowa-hydropower-plant-dormant/ |work=Daily Trust Foundation |date=7 November 2022 |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> Dadin Kowa ya shahara musamman saboda madatsar ruwan da ke kusa da garin. Dadin Kowa Dam na daga cikin manyan ayyukan samar da ruwa da Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority ke kula da su a yankin arewa maso gabashin Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dadin-Kowa Irrigation Project |url=https://ubrbda.gov.ng/dkowairrigation.php |website=Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> == Dadin Kowa Dam == [[Dadin Kowa Dam]] tana cikin [[Yamaltu/Deba|Ƙaramar Hukumar Yamaltu/Deba]] ta Jihar Gombe, kuma tana kan Kogin Gongola. An gina madatsar ne domin ta kasance aikin amfani da ruwa ta hanyoyi da dama, musamman ban ruwa, samar da ruwan sha da samar da wutar lantarki.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dadin-Kowa Dam Project |url=https://ubrbda.gov.ng/dadinkowa.php |website=Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261002043644/https://ubrbda.gov.ng/dadinkowa.php |archive-date=2 October 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Madatsar ruwan tana da tafki mai girman fili kusan kilomita murabba'i 300, kuma bayanan da aka wallafa kan aikin sun nuna cewa an tsara shi ne da damar adana ruwa mai yawa domin tallafa wa ayyukan ban ruwa da sauran amfani da ruwa.<ref>{{cite news |title=3 Years After Completion, 40mw Dadin-Kowa Hydropower Plant Dormant |url=https://www.dailytrustfoundation.org/electricity/3-years-after-completion-40mw-dadin-kowa-hydropower-plant-dormant/ |work=Daily Trust Foundation |date=7 November 2022 |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> == Wutar lantarki == Aikin samar da wutar lantarki na Dadin Kowa yana da ƙarfin samar da '''megawatt 40 (40 MW)'''. Gwamnatin Tarayya ta ƙaddamar da aikin a watan Mayun 2023, bayan an kammala aikin samar da wutar lantarkin da aka haɗa da madatsar ruwan Dadin Kowa.<ref>{{cite news |title=FG Commission's 40 megawatts hydropower project in Gombe |url=https://guardian.ng/news/fg-commissions-40-megawatts-hydropower-project-in-gombe/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=22 May 2023 |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> A lokacin ƙaddamar da aikin, an bayyana cewa tashar wutar lantarkin za ta taimaka wajen samar da makamashi ga al'ummomi da kamfanonin da ke yankin. An kuma bayyana aikin a matsayin wani muhimmin ɓangare na Dadin Kowa Multipurpose Dam.<ref>{{cite news |title=Govt commissions 40 megawatts hydropower project in Gombe |url=https://guardian.ng/news/govt-commissions-40-megawatts-hydropower-project-in-gombe/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=23 May 2023 |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> == Ban ruwa == Dadin Kowa Dam tana da muhimmiyar rawa wajen ban ruwa. Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority ta bayyana cewa jimillar yankin da aka gano a baya domin ban ruwa daga ruwan tafkin Dadin Kowa ya kai kusan hekta 30,000, wanda ya haɗa da yankunan Gombe da Borno da kuma wani ɓangare da ya shafi Adamawa da Borno.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dadin-Kowa Irrigation Project |url=https://ubrbda.gov.ng/dkowairrigation.php |website=Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> A karkashin shirin TRIMING na Bankin Duniya, Dadin Kowa na daga cikin manyan ayyukan ban ruwa da aka zaɓa domin inganta samun ruwan ban ruwa da magudanan ruwa. Bayanai na hukuma sun ce shirin yana gudanar da ƙira da gina wani yanki na hekta 3,000 a ƙarƙashin tsarin Dadin Kowa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dadin-Kowa Irrigation Project |url=https://ubrbda.gov.ng/dkowairrigation.php |website=Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> == Samar da ruwa == Dadin Kowa Dam tana daga cikin ayyukan da aka tsara domin samar da ruwan sha ga Gombe da yankunan da ke kewaye. A lokacin ƙaddamar da aikin wutar lantarkin Dadin Kowa, an bayyana cewa madatsar tana da alaƙa da samar da ruwan da ya kai miliyoyin lita a kowace rana.<ref>{{cite news |title=FG Commission's 40 megawatts hydropower project in Gombe |url=https://guardian.ng/news/fg-commissions-40-megawatts-hydropower-project-in-gombe/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=22 May 2023 |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> == Tsaron madatsar ruwa == A watan Satumbar 2024, Ministan Albarkatun Ruwa da Tsaftar Muhalli na Najeriya ya duba Dadin Kowa Dam tare da tawagar masana, inda ya ce madatsar ruwan tana cikin yanayi mai kyau kuma babu wata barazana ga aikinta. Ma'aikatar ta kuma bayyana cewa ana gudanar da sa ido da bincike akai-akai domin tabbatar da tsaron madatsar ruwan.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dadin-Kowa Dam is Secure and Fully Functional, Says Minister of Water Resources and Sanitation |url=https://fmino.gov.ng/dadin-kowa-dam-is-secure-and-fully-functional-says-minister-of-water-resources-and-sanitation/ |website=Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation |date=4 September 2024 |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> Haka kuma, a watan Oktoban 2024, wani kwamitin fasaha na Gwamnatin Tarayya ya gudanar da bincike kan wasu madatsun ruwa, ciki har da Dadin Kowa Dam, kuma jami'in kula da madatsun ruwa da tafkunan ruwa ya bayyana cewa Dadin Kowa Dam tana cikin aminci.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gombe, Bauchi dams safe, Delta viable – FG |url=https://punchng.com/gombe-bauchi-dams-safe-delta-viable-fg/ |work=Punch Newspapers |date=25 October 2024 |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> == Ambaliyar ruwa == A watan Agustan 2025, Hukumar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa ta Ƙasa (NEMA) ta gudanar da gangamin wayar da kan jama'a a Yamaltu/Deba kan shirin tunkarar ambaliyar ruwa. A yayin aikin, jami'an NEMA sun duba matakin ruwan Dadin Kowa Dam domin sa ido kan yanayin ruwan a lokacin damina.<ref>{{cite web |title=NEMA Leads Flood Preparedness Campaign in Yamaltu Deba LGA, Monitors Water Level at Dadin Kowa Dam, Gombe State |url=https://nema.gov.ng/nema-leads-flood-preparedness-campaign-in-yamaltu-deba-lga-monitors-water-level-at-dadin-kowa-dam-gombe-state/ |website=National Emergency Management Agency |date=6 August 2025 |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> NEMA ta bayyana cewa a lokacin binciken watan Agustan 2025, matakin ruwan madatsar yana cikin iyakar da aka ɗauka lafiya, duk da cewa an lura da ƙarin ruwa sakamakon yawan ruwan sama. Hukumar ta kuma bukaci mazauna yankin su kula da gargadin hukumomin da suka dace.<ref>{{cite web |title=NEMA Leads Flood Preparedness Campaign in Yamaltu Deba LGA, Monitors Water Level at Dadin Kowa Dam, Gombe State |url=https://nema.gov.ng/nema-leads-flood-preparedness-campaign-in-yamaltu-deba-lga-monitors-water-level-at-dadin-kowa-dam-gombe-state/ |website=National Emergency Management Agency |date=6 August 2025 |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> == Tattalin arziki == Ayyukan Dadin Kowa Dam suna da alaƙa da noma, ban ruwa, samar da ruwa da wutar lantarki. Aikin wutar lantarki na 40 MW da aka ƙaddamar a 2023 an bayyana shi a matsayin aikin da zai taimaka wajen bunƙasa ƙananan masana'antu, samar da ayyukan yi da ƙarfafa tattalin arzikin yankin.<ref>{{cite news |title=FG Commission's 40 megawatts hydropower project in Gombe |url=https://guardian.ng/news/fg-commissions-40-megawatts-hydropower-project-in-gombe/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=22 May 2023 |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> Noman ban ruwa da ake gudanarwa a ƙarƙashin tsarin Dadin Kowa yana daga cikin ayyukan da ake son faɗaɗawa domin ƙara yawan amfanin gona da inganta rayuwar manoma a yankin. Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority ta bayyana cewa shirin TRIMING yana daga cikin ayyukan da ake amfani da su wajen inganta tsarin ban ruwan Dadin Kowa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dadin-Kowa Irrigation Project |url=https://ubrbda.gov.ng/dkowairrigation.php |website=Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Dadin Kowa Dam]] * [[Yamaltu/Deba]] * [[Jihar Gombe]] * [[Kogin Gongola]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ƙauyuka a Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:Yamaltu/Deba]] [[Category:Wuraren zama a Jihar Gombe]] [[Category:Ƙauyuka a Najeriya]] 8jmu319dsxko816xp4ry83e8gbrzyda 0 177812 975101 969746 2026-11-02T03:28:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975101 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Dala-Waja | official_name = Dala-Waja | settlement_type = Village | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = [[Nigeria]] | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = [[Gombe State]] | subdivision_type2 = Local Government Area | subdivision_name2 = [[Balanga Local Government Area|Balanga]] | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 761113 | timezone = WAT | utc_offset = +1 }} '''Dala-Waja''' ƙauye ne da ke cikin [[Balanga Local Government Area|Ƙaramar Hukumar Balanga]] ta [[Gombe State]], [[Nigeria]]. Dala-Waja na daga cikin yankunan da ake samu a Balanga, kuma ana lissafa shi a cikin jerin yankuna da ƙauyukan ƙaramar hukumar. <ref>{{cite web |title=List of villages in Gombe State |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> Dala-Waja tana da lambar gidan waya ta '''761113'''. Bayanan wuraren zama na Gombe State sun sanya Dala-Waja a ƙarƙashin Balanga tare da wannan lambar gidan waya, tare da wasu ƙauyuka da suke ƙarƙashinta. <ref>{{cite web |title=List of villages in Gombe State |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> A ƙarƙashin yankin Dala-Waja akwai ƙauyuka da dama. Jerin ƙauyukan Balanga ya ambaci '''Batumi, Dele, Demi, Dimori, Fulani, Garu, Kodishere, Kumi''' da '''Kwasilau''' a matsayin ƙauyukan da ke ƙarƙashin Dala-Waja. <ref>{{cite web |title=List of villages in Gombe State |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> Dala-Waja tana da muhimmiyar alaƙa da al'ummar [[Waja people|Waja]] ta Gombe. Binciken tarihi kan Waja ya bayyana cewa Waja suna daga cikin al'ummomin da suka daɗe suna zaune a yankin kudancin Gombe, musamman a Balanga, kuma Dala-Waja na daga cikin wuraren da aka danganta da rarrabuwar al'ummar Waja a yankin. <ref>{{cite journal |last=Higazi |first=Adam |last2=Lar |first2=Jimam |title=Articulations of Belonging: The Politics of Ethnic and Religious Pluralism in Bauchi and Gombe States, North-East Nigeria |journal=Africa |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref> A bayanin tarihin Waja, an bayyana cewa bayan ƙaura zuwa yankin Gombe, al'ummar Waja sun bazu zuwa wurare daban-daban da suka haɗa da Dala-Waja, Talasse, Dong, Reme, Gelengu da Bangu. Wannan ya nuna muhimmiyar alaƙar Dala-Waja da tarihin zamantakewar Waja a yankin Balanga. <ref>{{cite web |title=Waja people |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waja_people |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> A tsarin gudanar da zaɓe, Dala-Waja tana cikin yankin da INEC ta haɗa da '''Bangu/Dala-Waja/Wala-Lunguda'''. Kundin bayanan INEC ya nuna cewa wannan yanki yana cikin tsarin zaɓe na Balanga, kuma an haɗa shi da wasu sassan Balanga wajen tsara wakilcin yankin. <ref>{{cite web |title=2015 General Elections Information Kit |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/2015-GENERAL-ELECTIONS-INFO-KIT-.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145623/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/2015-GENERAL-ELECTIONS-INFO-KIT-.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> INEC ta kuma nuna cewa akwai wuraren zaɓe masu suna '''Deluwa, Dala Waja Primary School''' da '''Nadiya, Dala Waja Primary School''' a cikin Balanga. Waɗannan bayanai sun nuna cewa makarantar firamare ta Dala-Waja tana daga cikin wuraren da aka yi amfani da su wajen gudanar da ayyukan zaɓe a yankin. <ref>{{cite web |title=Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A tsarin mazabar jiha, INEC ta sanya '''Balanga North''' cikin yankunan da suka haɗa da Bangu, Dala-Waja, Wala-Lunguda, Gelengu-Balanga, Kulani-Degri, Sikkam, Swa-Wala-Waja-Refele-Gassi da Talasse-Dong-Reme. Wannan ya nuna cewa Dala-Waja tana cikin tsarin gudanar da wakilcin siyasa na Balanga North. <ref>{{cite web |title=2015 General Elections Information Kit |url=https://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/2015-INFO-KIT-.pdf |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |access-date=2 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145610/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/2015-INFO-KIT-.pdf |archive-date=15 August 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Bayanan taswira sun nuna cewa Dala-Waja tana kusan a latitude '''9.9331° N''' da longitude '''11.72652° E''', kuma tana da tsayin kusan mita 366 sama da matakin teku. Taswirar kuma ta nuna cewa Dala-Waja tana kusa da Bangu da Dong, waɗanda su ma suke cikin Balanga. <ref>{{cite web |title=Dala Waja Map - Village - Balanga, Gombe State, Nigeria |url=https://mapcarta.com/17036878 |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> Dala-Waja tana cikin wani yanki na Gombe da ke da al'ummomin Waja da sauran ƙabilu. Tarihin Waja ya danganta Dala-Waja da sauran wuraren zama na Waja a Balanga, yayin da tsarin gudanarwar jihar da na zaɓe ke haɗa yankin da sauran al'ummomin Balanga. <ref>{{cite web |title=Waja people |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waja_people |access-date=2 October 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Balanga Local Government Area]] * [[Gombe State]] * [[Waja people]] * [[Waja language]] * [[Talasse]] * [[Bangu, Gombe State]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 5fbkc4y4mq8xf5nequ0xdh9lecliqwa 0 177872 975136 969783 2026-11-02T07:59:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975136 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Doho | settlement_type = Town | official_name = Doho | country = Nigeria | state = Gombe State | local_government_area = Kwami | postal_code = 760103 | coordinates = {{coord|10|24|30.348|N|11|15|36.889|E|display=inline,title}} | timezone = WAT | utc_offset = +1 }} '''Doho''' gari ne da ke cikin [[Kwami Local Government Area]], a [[Jihar Gombe]], [[Najeriya]]. Doho na daga cikin yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin Kwami Local Government Area, kuma Hukumar Zaɓe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Najeriya (INEC) ta jera Doho a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Registration Areas na Kwami. <ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Registration Areas |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) |url=https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/GOMBE.pdf |access-date=2026-10-02}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Doho yana cikin yankin Malam Sidi na Kwami. A bayanan taswirar Wikidata, Doho yana da wurin da yake kusan latitude 10°24′30.348″ arewa da longitude 11°15′36.889″ gabas. Haka kuma an danganta Doho da lambar gidan waya 760103. <ref>{{cite web |title=Doho |publisher=Wikidata |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121891477 |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> Gwamnatin Jihar Gombe ta sanya Doho cikin tsarin gudanar da kuɗaɗen ƙananan hukumomi a matsayin wani yanki na Kwami Local Government Area. A cikin Harmonized Chart of Accounts na ƙananan hukumomin jihar, an ba Doho lambar 21520803 ƙarƙashin Kwami Local Government Area. <ref>{{cite web |title=Approved Harmonized Chart of Accounts for LGAs in Gombe State |publisher=Gombe State Ministry of Finance |url=https://www.mof.gm.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/APPROVED-HARMONIZED-CHART-OF-ACCOUNTS-FOR-LGAs-IN-GOMBE-STATE_Final.pdf |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> Kwami Local Government Area tana da hedikwata a [[Malam Sidi]]. A cewar bayanan Hukumar Zaɓe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Najeriya, Kwami LGA tana da Registration Areas guda goma, waɗanda suka haɗa da Bojude, Daban Fulani, Doho, Dukul, Gadam, Jurara, Komfulata, Kwami, Malam Sidi da Malleri. <ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Registration Areas |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) |url=https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/GOMBE.pdf |access-date=2026-10-02}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Doho yana da muhimmiyar rawa a tsarin gudanar da zaɓe a Kwami, domin INEC ta ware shi a matsayin Registration Area. Bayanan INEC na cibiyoyin tattara katin PVC na Kwami sun kuma nuna Doho a cikin jerin Registration Areas na ƙaramar hukumar. <ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State PVC Collection Centres |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) |url=https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/GOMBE.pdf |access-date=2026-10-02}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin Doho akwai ƙananan wurare da matsugunai da dama. Jerin ƙauyuka da wuraren zama na Gombe ya lissafa Wuro Dole, Mai Unguwa Kofar Sarkin Dohe, Mai Unguwa Kofar Ajiya, Jauro Bello, Gerema, Unguwar Galadima, Unguwar Yerima, Jalingo, Malko, Sharifuri, Jauro Gabdo, Lantaiwa, Alagarno, Wuro Tara, Zangoma Abba da Jauro Ahmadu/Wuro Tann a ƙarƙashin Doho. <ref>{{cite web |title=List of villages in Gombe State |publisher=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> Harkar ilimi tana daga cikin ayyukan zamantakewa da ake samu a Doho. Bayanai sun nuna kasancewar Doho Primary School a Unguwar Galadima, yayin da Wuro Dole, Jalingo, Malko, Alagarno da Wuro Tara ma suke da wuraren da aka danganta da makarantun firamare. <ref>{{cite web |title=List of villages in Gombe State |publisher=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> Hukumar Universal Service Provision Fund (USPF) ta gwamnatin Najeriya ta kuma jera '''Community Secondary School, Doho''' a Kwami, Jihar Gombe, cikin cibiyoyin makarantu da aka haɗa cikin shirinta na North East. Bayanin USPF ya nuna cewa makarantar tana cikin cibiyoyin da aka shigar da su cikin shirin a shekarar 2009. <ref>{{cite web |title=North East Projects |publisher=Universal Service Provision Fund (USPF) |url=https://uspf.gov.ng/projects/north-east |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> Wani shirin tallafin ilimi da aka gudanar a Kwami ya kuma nuna cewa Doho Primary School ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da aka yi amfani da su wajen aiwatar da shirin ilimi ga yara da mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu. Rahoton ya ambaci Doho a matsayin wurin koyarwa a ƙarƙashin Kwami. <ref>{{cite web |title=Provision and possible sustainability of Quality Education for the displaced persons in Kwami LGA of Gombe State, Nigeria |publisher=Foundation for Youth Awakening and Empowerment (FOYAE) |url=https://foyae.org.ng/project-title-provision-and-possible-sustainability-of-quality-education-for-the-displaced-persons-in-kwami-lga-of-gombe-state-nigeria/ |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> Bayanan Hukumar Kula da Hijira ta Duniya (IOM) sun kuma jera Doho a cikin yankunan da aka tantance a Kwami Local Government Area. A cikin jerin, Doho yana da wuraren da aka ƙididdige su domin aikin tantance al'umma, wanda ke nuna cewa yankin yana cikin tsarin bayanan jinƙai da gudanar da ayyukan al'umma na Gombe. <ref>{{cite web |title=DTM Round 38 List of Assessed Wards |publisher=International Organization for Migration (IOM) |url=https://nigeria.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1856/files/documents/R38%2520LIST%20OF%20WARDS%20ASSESSED.pdf |access-date=2026-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626231435/https://nigeria.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1856/files/documents/R38%2520LIST%2520OF%2520WARDS%2520ASSESSED.pdf |archive-date=2024-06-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A fannin tattalin arziki, Doho yana cikin Kwami LGA, yankin da tattalin arzikinsa ya dogara da ayyukan karkara musamman noma. Bayanai kan Kwami sun nuna cewa noma, kiwo, kasuwanci da sauran ayyukan yau da kullum suna daga cikin hanyoyin samun abin rayuwa a yankin. <ref>{{cite web |title=Kwami LGA, Gombe State |publisher=Local Governance Accountability Portal |url=https://lgaportal.org/lgaDetails?lgaId=283 |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> Doho yana amfani da lambar gidan waya 760103, wadda aka danganta da yankin Malam Sidi na Kwami. Jerin lambobin gidan waya na Kwami ya nuna Doho tare da Malam Sidi, Alagarno, Daban Fulani, Maleri, Dukku da sauran wuraren da ke cikin wannan yankin. <ref>{{cite web |title=Kwami LGA Postal Code |publisher=Postalcode.ng |url=https://postalcode.ng/kwami-lga-postal-code/ |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> Akwai kuma hanyoyin mota da ke haɗa Doho da sauran sassan Kwami. Bayanan Wikidata na Doho sun ƙunshi hoto mai suna "Green Atmosphere Along Doho Road", wanda ke nuna kasancewar hanyar Doho a matsayin wani ɓangare na mu'amalar zirga-zirga a yankin. <ref>{{cite web |title=Doho |publisher=Wikidata |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121891477 |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> Doho yana cikin yankin Gombe da ke da al'ummomi masu bambancin harshe da al'ada. Saboda haka, rayuwar jama'ar Doho tana da alaƙa da tsarin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na Kwami Local Government Area, musamman ayyukan noma, ilimi, kasuwanci da hulɗar al'umma. <ref>{{cite web |title=Kwami LGA, Gombe State |publisher=Local Governance Accountability Portal |url=https://lgaportal.org/lgaDetails?lgaId=283 |access-date=2026-10-02}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Kwami]] * [[Malam Sidi]] * [[Jihar Gombe]] * [[Kwami Local Government Area]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ajd99okfizagbdwrbyofdf3wmyecp11 0 177875 974778 961890 2026-11-01T13:24:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974778 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Boh | settlement_type = Town | official_name = Boh | country = Nigeria | state = Gombe State | local_government_area = Shongom | postal_code = 770102 | coordinates = {{coord|9.78187|11.27882|type:city|display=inline,title}} | elevation_m = 568 | timezone = WAT | utc_offset = +1 }} '''Boh''' gari ne da ke cikin [[Jihar Gombe]], a arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Boh ita ce hedikwatar [[Shongom Local Government Area]], kuma tana daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin gudanarwa na wannan ƙaramar hukuma. Gwamnatin Jihar Gombe ta bayyana Boh a matsayin hedikwatar Shongom a cikin bayanan ƙananan hukumomin jihar. <ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Local Government Areas |publisher=Gombe State Government |url=https://gombestate.gov.ng/pages/lgas.php |access-date=2026-10-02 }}</ref> Boh tana cikin yankin arewacin Shongom Local Government Area. Bayanan taswirar GeoNames da OpenStreetMap sun sanya Boh a kusan latitude 9.78187° arewa da longitude 11.27882° gabas, tare da tsayin kusan mita 568 daga saman teku. <ref>{{cite web |title=Boh Map - Locality - Shongom, Gombe State, Nigeria |publisher=Mapcarta |url=https://mapcarta.com/33019922 |access-date=2026-10-02 }}</ref> Boh na daga cikin wuraren da ake gudanar da harkokin gwamnati a Shongom. Ofishin Hukumar Zaɓe Mai Zaman Kanta ta Najeriya (INEC) na Shongom Local Government Area yana Boh, kusa da hedikwatar 'yan sanda ta Shongom. Wannan ya nuna muhimmancin Boh a matsayin cibiyar gudanarwa da zaɓe ta ƙaramar hukumar. <ref>{{cite web |title=INEC Shongom LGA Office |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission |url=https://cvr.inecnigeria.org/locator/viewCentre/1306 |access-date=2026-10-02 }}</ref> Shongom Local Government Area tana da faɗin fili kusan kilomita murabba'i 922, kuma ƙidayar jama'a ta shekarar 2006 ta ba ta yawan jama'a 151,520. Boh ce hedikwatar wannan ƙaramar hukuma, wadda ke ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan hukumomi 11 na Jihar Gombe. <ref>{{cite web |title=Shongom |publisher=Gombe State Government |url=https://gombestate.gov.ng/pages/lgas.php |access-date=2026-10-02 }}</ref> Boh tana cikin yankin da al'ummar Tangale ke da muhimmiyar kasancewa. Wani binciken kimiyya da aka gudanar a Shongom Local Government Area ya bayyana Boh a matsayin hedikwatar ƙaramar hukumar, kuma ya nuna cewa Tangale na daga cikin mutanen da ke zaune a garin. <ref>{{cite journal |title=Groundwater Potential Assessment of Boh Town, Shongom Local Government Area, Gombe State, Nigeria |journal=IRESPUB Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences |year=2024 |url=https://irespub.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Volume2-Issue3-NA-N.01-P.1-15.pdf |access-date=2026-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261002193514/https://irespub.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Volume2-Issue3-NA-N.01-P.1-15.pdf |archive-date=2026-10-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Harshen Tangale yana daga cikin harsunan da ake amfani da su a Shongom. Wani bincike kan manoman masara a Shongom Local Government Area ya bayyana Tangale a matsayin babban harshen da ake magana da shi a yankin, yayin da Hausa da Turanci su ma ake amfani da su. Binciken ya kuma haɗa Boh cikin ƙauyukan da aka zaɓa domin gudanar da binciken. <ref>{{cite journal |title=Assessing the Adoption of Practices Introduced to Maize Farmers by Gombe State Agricultural Development Programmes in Shongom Local Government Area of Gombe State, Nigeria |journal=International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development |year=2021 |url=https://www.ijsred.com/volume4/issue2/IJSRED-V4I2P158.pdf |access-date=2026-10-02 }}</ref> Noma yana daga cikin manyan ayyukan tattalin arzikin mutanen Boh da sauran sassan Shongom. Binciken manoman masara a yankin ya bayyana cewa yawancin mazauna Shongom manoma ne, yayin da a lokacin rani wasu ke shiga sana'o'i kamar kafinta, walda da aikin ƙarfe. <ref>{{cite journal |title=Assessing the Adoption of Practices Introduced to Maize Farmers by Gombe State Agricultural Development Programmes in Shongom Local Government Area of Gombe State, Nigeria |journal=International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development |year=2021 |url=https://www.ijsred.com/volume4/issue2/IJSRED-V4I2P158.pdf |access-date=2026-10-02 }}</ref> Boh tana da alaƙa da wasu garuruwa da ƙauyuka na Shongom da Kaltungo. Bayanai na taswira sun nuna cewa Kaltungo tana kusa da Boh, yayin da Chongwom yake kusan kilomita uku daga Boh. Wannan matsayi ya sa Boh take cikin yankin da ke da hulɗa da sauran al'ummomin kudancin Gombe. <ref>{{cite web |title=Boh Map - Locality - Shongom, Gombe State, Nigeria |publisher=Mapcarta |url=https://mapcarta.com/33019922 |access-date=2026-10-02 }}</ref> A cikin tsarin zaɓe, Boh na daga cikin wards na Shongom Local Government Area. Bayanai kan ƙananan hukumomin Shongom sun nuna cewa akwai ward mai suna Boh Ward, tare da Bangunji, Burak, Filiya, Gwandum, Kalishen, Karel, Kulishin da Lalaipido. <ref>{{cite web |title=Shongom Local Government Area |publisher=Local Governance Accountability Portal |url=https://lgaportal.org/lgaDetails?lgaId=285 |access-date=2026-10-02 }}</ref> Jerin wuraren zaɓe na Jihar Gombe ya kuma nuna wurare da dama da ke ƙarƙashin Boh Ward. Daga cikinsu akwai Kalkuto, Layange, Kalbulak, Kinawe, Labeke, Agbun/Lataki, Pokata da Lawishi, tare da wuraren da aka danganta da makarantu, fadar hakimi da sakatariyar ƙaramar hukuma. <ref>{{cite web |title=List of villages in Gombe State |publisher=Independent National Electoral Commission data compiled in locality listings |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State |access-date=2026-10-02 }}</ref> Sakatariyar Shongom Local Government Council tana Boh. Takardun binciken kuɗaɗen ƙaramar hukumar sun tabbatar da kasancewar Shongom Local Government Council a matsayin cibiyar gudanar da harkokin ƙaramar hukumar. <ref>{{cite report |title=Shongom Local Government Council Financial Statements |publisher=Auditor-General for Local Governments, Gombe State |year=2019 |url=https://audgenlg.gm.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/SHONGOM-ACCOUNT-2019.pdf |access-date=2026-10-02 }}</ref> A fannin wutar lantarki, Boh ta kasance cikin wuraren da aka ambata a Majalisar Wakilan Najeriya dangane da aikin layin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin 33 kVA. Takardar Majalisar ta bayyana cewa an fara aikin gina layin daga Boh zuwa wasu garuruwa da ƙauyuka a shekarar 2013, amma daga baya iska mai ƙarfi da masu lalata kayayyakin more rayuwa suka lalata wasu sassan aikin. <ref>{{cite report |title=House of Representatives Order Paper, 1 December 2021 |publisher=House of Representatives of the Federal Republic of Nigeria |date=2021-12-01 |url=https://placng.org/i/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/House-of-Reps-order-paper1st-December-2021.pdf |access-date=2026-10-02 }}</ref> Boh tana cikin yankin da yanayinsa ya dace da aikin noma. Binciken noma na Shongom ya bayyana yankin a matsayin wani ɓangare na savanna, tare da yanayi mai zafi a mafi yawan lokutan shekara. Wannan yanayin ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke shafar ayyukan noma da rayuwar manoma a yankin. <ref>{{cite journal |title=Assessing the Adoption of Practices Introduced to Maize Farmers by Gombe State Agricultural Development Programmes in Shongom Local Government Area of Gombe State, Nigeria |journal=International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development |year=2021 |url=https://www.ijsred.com/volume4/issue2/IJSRED-V4I2P158.pdf |access-date=2026-10-02 }}</ref> Boh tana da matsayi na musamman a Shongom saboda haɗuwar ayyukan gwamnati, ilimi, noma da harkokin al'umma a cikinta. Kasancewarta hedikwatar ƙaramar hukuma ya sanya ta zama cibiyar da ake gudanar da muhimman ayyukan gwamnati da na jama'a na Shongom. <ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Local Government Areas |publisher=Gombe State Government |url=https://gombestate.gov.ng/pages/lgas.php |access-date=2026-10-02 }}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Shongom]] * [[Jihar Gombe]] * [[Kaltungo]] * [[Tangale]] * [[Gombe State]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} oot45i64n2ap5gentz7p7939ust1v3u 2 177876 974805 974611 2026-11-01T14:43:57Z Doc James 4321 974805 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Down syndrome |synonym =Down's syndrome, Down's, trisomy 21 |image =Down syndrome lg.jpg <!-- Do not change this picture without discussing it in the Down syndrome discussion page. Because of continued vandalism, pictures will be immediately reverted. --> |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt =Illustration of the facial features of Down syndrome |caption =Illustration of the facial features of Down syndrome |pronounce = |specialty =[[Medical genetics]], [[pediatrics]] |symptoms =Delayed [[child development|physical growth]], characteristic [[dysmorphic feature|facial features]], mild to moderate [[intellectual disability]]<ref name="Wei2010" /> |onset = |duration = |causes =Third copy of [[chromosome 21 (human)|chromosome 21]]<ref name=Patt2009 /> |risks =[[Advanced maternal age|Older age of mother]], prior affected child<ref name=Mor2002 /><ref>{{cite web |title=Down syndrome - Symptoms and causes |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/down-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20355977 |website=Mayo Clinic |access-date=17 March 2019 |language=en |archive-date=8 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308035402/https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/down-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20355977 |url-status=live }}</ref> |diagnosis =[[Prenatal testing|Prenatal screening]], [[genetic testing]]<ref name=NIH2014Diag /> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =Educational support, sheltered work environment<ref name=Roi2003 /><ref name=NADS /> |medication = |prognosis =Life expectancy 50 to 60 years (developed world)<ref name=Malt2013 /><ref name=Nelson2011 /><ref name=Ts2020 /> |frequency =0.1% of newborns (5.4 million)<ref name="Wei2010" /><ref name=GBD2015Pre /> |deaths =26,500 (2015)<ref name=GBD2015De /> }}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc; color:inherit;" |Ciwon Down |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sauran sunaye | class="infobox-data" |Ciwon Down, Down, trisomy 21 |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |[[File:Down_syndrome_lg.jpg|alt=Illustration of the facial features of Down syndrome|frameless]] |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Hoton fasalin fuska na Down syndrome |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Medical specialty|Kyakkyawan]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Medical genetics|Kwayoyin kiwon lafiya]], likitan yara[[Pediatrics|Likitocin yara]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Signs and symptoms|Alamomi]] | class="infobox-data" |jinkirin [[Child development|girma ta jiki]], halaye na fuska, rauni na hankali mai sauƙi zuwa matsakaici <ref name="Wei2010">{{cite journal|last=Weijerman|first=ME|author2=de Winter, JP|title=Clinical practice. The care of children with Down syndrome.|journal=European Journal of Pediatrics|date=Dec 2010|volume=169|issue=12|pages=1445–52|pmid=20632187|doi=10.1007/s00431-010-1253-0|pmc=2962780}}</ref> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Cause (medicine)|Dalilan da suka haifar]] | class="infobox-data" |Kwafin na uku na [[Chromosome 21 (human)|chromosome 21]] <ref name=Patt2009>{{cite journal|last=Patterson|first=D|title=Molecular genetic analysis of Down syndrome.|journal=Human Genetics|date=Jul 2009|volume=126|issue=1|pages=195–214|pmid=19526251|doi=10.1007/s00439-009-0696-8}}</ref> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Risk factor|Abubuwan haɗari]] | class="infobox-data" |Tsohon shekarun uwa, yaro da ya kamu da cutar <ref name=Mor2002>{{cite journal|last=Morris|first=JK|author2=Mutton, DE |author3=Alberman, E |title=Revised estimates of the maternal age specific live birth prevalence of Down's syndrome|journal=Journal of Medical Screening|year=2002|volume=9|issue=1|pages=2–6|pmid=11943789|doi=10.1136/jms.9.1.2|doi-access=free}}</ref> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Medical diagnosis|Hanyar ganewa]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Prenatal testing|Binciken haihuwa]], [[Genetic testing|Gwajin kwayar halitta]] <ref name=NIH2014Diag>{{cite web|title=How do health care providers diagnose Down syndrome?|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/Pages/diagnosed.aspx|website=Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development|access-date=4 March 2016|date=2014-01-17|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307142500/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/Pages/diagnosed.aspx|archive-date=7 March 2016|df=}}</ref> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Magani | class="infobox-data" |Taimako na ilimi, yanayin aiki mai kariya <ref name=Roi2003>{{cite journal |author1=Roizen, NJ |author2=Patterson, D |title=Down's syndrome |journal=Lancet |volume=361 |issue=9365 |pages=1281–89 |date=April 2003 |pmid=12699967 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12987-X |type=Review}}</ref><ref name=NADS>{{cite web |title=Facts About Down Syndrome |publisher=National Association for Down Syndrome |url=http://www.nads.org/pages_new/facts.html |access-date=20 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403162637/http://www.nads.org/pages_new/facts.html |archive-date=3 April 2012 |df= }}</ref> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Prognosis|Hasashen da aka yi]] | class="infobox-data" |Rayuwa da ake tsammani shekaru 50 zuwa 60 (duniya mai tasowa) <ref name=Malt2013>{{cite journal|last=Malt|first=EA|author2=Dahl, RC |author3=Haugsand, TM |author4=Ulvestad, IH |author5=Emilsen, NM |author6=Hansen, B |author7=Cardenas, YE |author8=Skøld, RO |author9=Thorsen, AT |author10= Davidsen, EM |title=Health and disease in adults with Down syndrome|journal=Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening: Tidsskrift for Praktisk Medicin, NY Raekke|date=Feb 5, 2013|volume=133|issue=3|pages=290–94|pmid=23381164|doi=10.4045/tidsskr.12.0390|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=Nelson2011>{{cite book|first=Robert M. |last=Kliegma|title=Nelson textbook of pediatrics|year=2011|publisher=Saunders|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-1-4377-0755-7|pages=Chapter 76.2|edition=19th|chapter=Down Syndrome and Other Abnormalities of Chromosome Number}}</ref><ref name=Ts2020>{{cite journal |last1=Tsou |first1=Amy Y. |last2=Bulova |first2=Peter |last3=Capone |first3=George |last4=Chicoine |first4=Brian |last5=Gelaro |first5=Bryn |last6=Harville |first6=Terry Odell |last7=Martin |first7=Barry A. |last8=McGuire |first8=Dennis E. |last9=McKelvey |first9=Kent D. |last10=Peterson |first10=Moya |last11=Tyler |first11=Carl |last12=Wells |first12=Michael |last13=Whitten |first13=Michelle Sie |title=Medical Care of Adults With Down Syndrome: A Clinical Guideline |journal=JAMA |date=20 October 2020 |volume=324 |issue=15 |pages=1543 |doi=10.1001/jama.2020.17024}}</ref> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Matsakaicin lokaci | class="infobox-data" |0.1% na jarirai (5.4 miliyan) <ref name="Wei2010" /><ref name=GBD2015Pre>{{cite journal|last1=GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence|first1=Collaborators.|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|pmid=27733282|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6|pmc=5055577}}</ref> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mutuwa | class="infobox-data" |26,500 (2015)<ref name=GBD2015De>{{cite journal|last1=GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death|first1=Collaborators.|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|pmid=27733281|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1|pmc=5388903}}</ref> |} <templatestyles src="Template:Infobox/styles-images.css" /> Down syndrome, wanda aka fi sani da '''trisomy 21''', cuta ce ta kwayar halitta da ke haifar da kasancewar duka ko wani ɓangare na kwafin na uku na chromosome 21.<ref name=Patt2009 /> Yawancin lokaci ana danganta shi da jinkirin [[Ci gaban yara|girma ta jiki]], rauni na hankali mai sauƙi zuwa matsakaici, da halaye na fuska.<ref name="Wei2010" /> Matsakaicin IQ na matashi mai fama da ciwon Down shine 50, daidai da ikon tunani na yaro mai shekaru 8 ko 9, amma wannan na iya bambanta sosai.<ref name=Malt2013 /> Iyayen mutumin da abin ya shafa yawanci suna da al'ada. Halin yana ƙaruwa daga ƙasa da 0.1% a cikin uwaye masu shekaru 20 zuwa 3% a cikin waɗanda suka kai shekaru 45. An yi imanin cewa ƙarin chromosome yana faruwa ne ta hanyar sa'a, ba tare da wani aikin halayyar da aka sani ba ko yanayin muhalli wanda ke canza yiwuwar.<ref name="NIH2014Cause">{{Cite web|title=What causes Down syndrome?|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/Pages/causes.aspx|access-date=6 January 2016|date=2014-01-17|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105082310/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/pages/causes.aspx|archive-date=5 January 2016}}</ref> Ana iya gano ciwon Down a lokacin daukar ciki ta hanyar tantancewa kafin haihuwa sannan gwajin bincike ko bayan haihuwa ta hanyar lura kai tsaye da Gwajin kwayar halitta.<ref name=NIH2014Diag /> Tun lokacin da aka gabatar da tantancewa, ana dakatar da [[Juna biyu|ciki]] tare da ganewar asali.<ref name="Nat2012">{{Cite journal|last=Natoli|first=JL|last2=Ackerman, DL|last3=McDermott, S|last4=Edwards, JG|title=Prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome: a systematic review of termination rates (1995–2011)|journal=Prenatal Diagnosis|date=Feb 2012|volume=32|issue=2|pages=142–53|pmid=22418958|doi=10.1002/pd.2910}}</ref><ref name="Mans1999">{{Cite journal|last=Mansfield|first=C|last2=Hopfer, S|last3=Marteau, TM|title=Termination rates after prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome, spina bifida, anencephaly, and Turner and Klinefelter syndromes: a systematic literature review. European Concerted Action: DADA (Decision-making After the Diagnosis of a fetal Abnormality)|journal=Prenatal Diagnosis|date=Sep 1999|volume=19|issue=9|pages=808–12|pmid=10521836|doi=10.1002/(sici)1097-0223(199909)19:9<808::aid-pd637>3.0.co;2-b}}</ref> Ana ba da shawarar [[Bincike (magunguna)|tantancewa]] na yau da kullun don matsalolin kiwon lafiya na yau da kullum a cikin ciwon Down a duk rayuwar mutum.<ref name=Malt2013 /> Babu magani ga ciwon Down.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Down Syndrome: Other FAQs|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/Pages/faqs.aspx|access-date=6 January 2016|date=2014-01-17|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106221704/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/down/conditioninfo/Pages/faqs.aspx|archive-date=6 January 2016}}</ref> Ilimi da kulawa mai kyau an nuna su don inganta ingancin rayuwa.<ref name=Roi2003 /> Wasu yara da ke fama da ciwon Down suna karatu a cikin aji na makaranta, yayin da wasu ke buƙatar ƙarin ilimi na musamman.<ref name=NADS /> Wasu mutane da ke fama da cutar Down sun kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare, kuma wasu suna halartar karatun sakandare. A lokacin da ya girma, kusan kashi 20% a Amurka suna yin aiki a wasu halaye, tare da mutane da yawa suna buƙatar yanayin aiki mai kariya.<ref name=NADS /> Sau da yawa ana buƙatar tallafi a cikin batutuwan kuɗi da shari'a.<ref name=Nelson2011 /> Rayuwa da ake tsammani kusan shekaru 50 zuwa 60 ne a cikin kasashe masu tasowa tare da kula da lafiya mai kyau.<ref name=Malt2013 />&nbsp; Ciwon Down yana daya daga cikin cututtukan chromosome da aka fi sani a cikin mutane.<ref name=Malt2013 /> Yana faruwa a cikin kimanin 1 cikin jarirai 1,000 da aka haifa a kowace shekara.<ref name="Wei2010" /> A cikin 2015, ciwon Down ya kasance a cikin mutane miliyan 5.4 a duniya kuma ya haifar da mutuwar 27,000, daga mutuwar 43,000 a cikin 1990.<ref name=GBD2015Pre /><ref name=GBD2015De /><ref name="GDB2013">{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death|first=Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|date=17 December 2014|pmid=25530442|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2|volume=385|issue=9963|pages=117–71|pmc=4340604}}</ref> An sanya masa suna ne bayan likitan Burtaniya John Langdon Down, wanda ya bayyana cutar a 1866.<ref name="Hick2012">{{Cite journal|last=Hickey|first=F|last2=Hickey, E|last3=Summar, KL|title=Medical update for children with Down syndrome for the pediatrician and family practitioner.|journal=Advances in Pediatrics|year=2012|volume=59|issue=1|pages=137–57|pmid=22789577|doi=10.1016/j.yapd.2012.04.006}}</ref> Wasu fannoni na yanayin an bayyana su a baya daga likitan kwakwalwa na Faransa [[Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol]] a cikin 1838 da likitan Faransa Édouard Séguin a cikin 1844. An gano kwayar halitta ta Down syndrome a shekarar 1959.<ref name=Hick2012 /> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Translated from MDWiki]] eqb4lqam53iaxsyjm723ga5k9zxomjz 0 177964 975144 965778 2026-11-02T09:55:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975144 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dongol''' ƙauye ne da ke cikin [[Karamar Hukumar Akko]] a [[Jihar Gombe]], a yankin Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Yana cikin [[Gundumar Pindiga]] ta ƙaramar hukumar Akko, kuma yana da lambar akwatin wasiƙa ta '''771103'''. == Yawan jama'a == Wani binciken ilimi da aka wallafa a shekarar 2023 ya bayyana cewa Dongol yana da kimanin mutane '''3,231''' bisa ga ƙididdigar yawan jama'a ta shekarar 2006. Wannan adadin ya samo asali ne daga bayanan [[National Population Commission]] (NPC) da masu binciken suka yi amfani da su. == Wuri da yanayin ƙasa == Dongol yana a cikin yankin Akko na Jihar Gombe. Binciken ƙasa ya sanya wurin tsakanin kusan latitude 9°53′ zuwa 9°54′ arewa da longitude 11°1′ zuwa 11°3′ gabas. Dongol yana kusa da wasu matsuguna da suka haɗa da Lakelambu a gabas, Jauro Sule a arewa da Kulkul a kudu. Yankin yana da yanayin ƙasa mai tudu da gangare, tare da rafuka na lokaci-lokaci waɗanda ruwa ke ƙaruwa a lokacin damina. == Ruwa da magudanan ruwa == Akwai wani rafi mai suna '''Dongol Stream''' wanda ke samo asali daga yankin Pindiga Hills kusa da Dongol Tong da Dongol Rah, sannan ya ratsa zuwa yankin Kashere kafin ya shiga [[Kogin Kashere]]. Binciken ya bayyana cewa rafukan yankin na da ruwa sosai a lokacin damina, musamman a watannin Agusta da Satumba, yayin da ruwan ke raguwa sosai a lokacin rani. == Zaɓe da gudanarwa == Dongol yana cikin '''Kashere Ward''' na Karamar Hukumar Akko. Bayanai na wuraren zaɓe sun nuna wuraren zaɓe da suka haɗa da '''Dongol Chadi, Primary School''' da '''Dongol Alewa, Kofar Jauro'''. Bayanan wuraren zaɓe sun nuna lambar wurin zaɓe ta Dongol Chadi, Primary School a matsayin '''15/01/04/014''', yayin da Dongol Alewa, Kofar Jauro yake da lambar '''15/01/04/015'''. == Lafiya == Akwai '''Dongol Health Clinic''' a yankin Kashere na Karamar Hukumar Akko. An jera cibiyar a matsayin cibiyar kiwon lafiya da ke Dongol, Akko. == Lambar akwatin wasiƙa (PO Box) == Dongol yana da lambar akwatin wasiƙa ta '''771103'''. Wannan lambar tana ƙarƙashin Gundumar Pindiga ta Karamar Hukumar Akko. == Manazarta == * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State List of villages in Gombe State] — jerin ƙauyuka da matsugunan Jihar Gombe. * [https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/771103/ Nigeria Postcode — 771103]. * [https://fuwjss.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Paper-12.pdf FUWUKARI Journal of Social Sciences] — binciken yanayin ƙasa da magudanan ruwa na Dongol. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20260815145348/https://inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/PU_Directory_Revised_January_2015_Gombe.pdf INEC — Directory of Polling Units, Gombe State]. * [https://situationroomng.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/GOMBE.pdf Gombe State Polling Unit Data]. * [https://thehospitalbook.com/hospital/page/746/ Dongol Health Clinic, Kashere, Akko] {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. eoew6rj266fbcx0i84coc7q16c5d47q 0 178001 975117 962296 2026-11-02T05:25:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975117 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daurawa''' ƙauye ne da ke cikin [[Karamar Hukumar Balanga]] a [[Jihar Gombe]], [[Najeriya]]. Yana cikin yankin Bangu na ƙaramar hukumar, kuma yana da lambar akwatin wasiƙa ta '''761109'''.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State List of villages in Gombe State]</ref> == Wuri == Daurawa yana cikin yankin Bangu na [[Karamar Hukumar Balanga]]. An jera shi cikin ƙauyukan yankin Bangu tare da [[Bangu Garu]], [[Baure]], [[Bokabundi]], [[Laura]], [[Sabon Layi]], [[Shangi]], [[Yobuyo]] da [[Zangayari]].<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State List of villages in Gombe State]</ref> == Lambar akwatin wasiƙa (PO Box) == Lambar akwatin wasiƙa ta Daurawa ita ce '''761109'''.<ref>[https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/gombe-balanga-bangu-daurawa.html Daurawa – Nigeria Postcode]</ref> == Manazarta == * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Gombe_State List of villages in Gombe State] * [https://www.nigeriapostcode.com/gombe-balanga-bangu-daurawa.html Daurawa – Nigeria Postcode] * [https://www.mapanet.eu/en/postal-codes/?C=NG&L=0&n=5&o=&page=2&r1=16&r2=02&r3=03 Bangu, Balanga – Mapanet] {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 2p49ffx0pv7p1rc2cfcm2824lohiamx 0 178361 975146 963891 2026-11-02T10:12:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975146 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Dorothy Nomzansi Nyembe OMSS (31 Disamba 1931 - 18 Disamba 1998) 'Yar fafutuka ce kuma 'yar siyasa a Afirka ta Kudu. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haife ta a kusa da Dundee, KwaZulu-Natal, Nyembe diya ce ga Leeya Basolise Nyembe, wanda mahaifinta shine Cif Ngedee Shezi. [1] Ta halarci makarantun mishan har zuwa Standard 9. Tana da ɗanta tilo a lokacin tana da shekaru goma sha biyar. [1] Nyembe ta shafe mafi yawan rayuwarta a ƙarƙashin mulkin wariyar launin fata ko dai a ƙarƙashin [[Jerin mutanen da ke ƙarƙashin umarnin haramtawa a ƙarƙashin wariyar launin fata|umarnin hana]] ko kuma a gidan yari, ta shafe shekaru da dama tana aiki daga 1963 zuwa 1966 saboda ci gaba da fafutukar ANC da kuma daga 1968 zuwa 1983 saboda ɓoye 'yan ta'adda, ta yi zaman bauta a Barberton sannan ta yi aiki a Kroonstad . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Research Archives, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa - WITS |url=http://www.historicalpapers.wits.ac.za/inventories/inv_pdfo/A3299/A3299-B3-3-15-002-jpeg.pdf |access-date=2026-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026062730/http://www.historicalpapers.wits.ac.za/inventories/inv_pdfo/A3299/A3299-B3-3-15-002-jpeg.pdf |archive-date=2021-10-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Nyembe ta shiga ƙungiyar mata ta Natal (NOW) bayan fitowarta a shekarar 1984. <ref name=":0" /> An sake ta daga tsare a shekarar 1987. An zaɓe ta a [[Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu|Majalisar Dokoki ta Ƙasa]] a shekarar 1994. == Sana'a == Nyembe ya kasance mai himma a siyasa, yana shiga ko kuma yana gudanar da ƙungiyoyi masu ci gaba da dama. Ta shiga [[Majalisar Tarayya ta Afirka|jam'iyyar African National Congress]] a shekarar 1952 kuma ba da daɗewa ba ta zama memba mai himma. Lokacin da ta shiga jam'iyyar ANC, ana ci gaba da yakin neman zabe. An daure Nyembe a shekarar 1952 saboda karya dokokin da ba su dace ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Research Archives, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa - WITS |url=http://www.historicalpapers.wits.ac.za/inventories/inv_pdfo/A3299/A3299-B3-3-15-002-jpeg.pdf |access-date=2026-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026062730/http://www.historicalpapers.wits.ac.za/inventories/inv_pdfo/A3299/A3299-B3-3-15-002-jpeg.pdf |archive-date=2021-10-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta jagoranci mata daga Natal a yakin neman 'yancin kai na 1956. <ref name=":0" /> Wani ɓangare na Yaƙin Neman ƙin amincewa da gwamnati shi ne zama jagora a kan kawar da Cato Manor a shekarar 1956. <ref name="South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid">{{Cite web |title=South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid |url=http://overcomingapartheid.msu.edu/people.php?id=65-251-96 |website=overcomingapartheid.msu.edu}}</ref> A shekarar 1956 aka zaɓe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabar jam'iyyar ANC ta Durban. <ref name="South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid" /> Tana kuma da hannu a cikin yunkurin [[Ƙauracewa Beer Hall|kauracewa gidajen giya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dorothy Nomzansi Nyembe – A Titan of Struggle – African National Congress |url=http://www.anc.org.za/content/dorothy-nomzansi-nyembe-titan-struggle |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819023152/http://www.anc.org.za/content/dorothy-nomzansi-nyembe-titan-struggle |archive-date=19 August 2017 |access-date=24 September 2017 |website=www.anc.org.za}}</ref> Shagunan giya, suna kwace ayyukan yi daga mata da yawa. <ref name="South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid" /> A shekarar 1959 aka zaɓe ta shugabar sashen Natal na ƙungiyar mata ta African National Congress . Lokacin da aka haramta jam'iyyar ANC a shekarar 1960, ta shiga [[Umkhonto we Sizwe|Spear of the Nation]] . A shekarar 1961, an ɗauki Nyembe aiki a Umkhonto we Sizwe kuma ya yi aiki tare da wasu abokan hulɗa kamar Chief Albert Luthuli, Moses Mabhida, Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu da Oliver Tambo. " <ref name="South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid" /> A shekarar 1963 ta jagoranci mata a lokacin [[Natal Women's Revolt|Tawayen Mata na Natal]] . An sake ta a ranar 23 ga Maris 1984, bayan an sake ta, Nyembe ta fara aiki a ƙungiyar mata ta Natal Organization of Women (NOW). NOW ya yi aiki da manufofi da dama. Yaƙi da hauhawar haya, farashin sufuri, rashin ingantaccen ilimi da rashin wuraren kula da yara su ne babban abin da ƙungiyar ta fi mayar da hankali a kai. " <ref name="South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid" /> == Aiki ga Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu == Falsafar ANC a farkon shekarun 1950 ita ce ta Gandhi. Falsafa mai ra'ayin mazan jiya inda membobi ke son zuwa gidan yari idan ya cancanta. Nyembe, duk da cewa ba mai son zaman lafiya ba ne, ya shiga jam'iyyar ANC kuma a shekarar 1952 ya yarda ya karya dokokin da suka sanya takunkumi kan 'yancin siyasa, aiki da zama. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2011 |title=African National Congress Timeline 1950-1959 |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/african-national-congress-timeline-1950-1959 |website=South African History Online |language=en}}</ref> Lokacin Nyembe a yakin neman zabe ya ƙare lokacin da, a shekarar 1953, Birtaniya ta zartar da dokoki da suka haramta tarurrukan zanga-zanga. Bayan zaɓenta a matsayin shugabar sashen Natal a shekarar 1959, Nyembe ta shiga cikin shirin 'yan adawa don zartar da dokoki. Dokokin da suka kafa dokar sun tilasta wa dukkan 'yan ƙasa baƙar fata su ɗauki katin shaida a yankunan fararen fata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2011 |title=African National Congress Timeline 1960-1969 |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/african-national-congress-timeline-1960-1969 |website=South African History Online |language=en}}</ref> Bayan [[Kisan kiyashi na Sharpeville|kisan kiyashin Sharpeville]] da kuma haramta jam'iyyar ANC da PAC a ƙarƙashin sabuwar dokar ƙungiyoyin da aka zartar. Nyembe ya shiga reshen jam'iyyar ANC [[Umkhonto we Sizwe|uMkhonto weSizwe]] (MK). A ƙarƙashin wannan aikin ta shiga cikin lalata cibiyoyin gwamnati. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2006 |title=Manifesto of umKhonto we Sizwe |url=http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/manifesto-mk.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061217090228/http://www.anc.org.za/ancdocs/history/manifesto-mk.html |archive-date=17 December 2006}}</ref> == Tawayen Mata na Natal == A matsayinta na jagorar Tawayen Mata na Natal, Nyembe ta kasance tare da sauran mata bakar fata 'yan Afirka ta Kudu a kan tsarin kananan hukumomi na gidajen giya: haramun ne a yi giya a gida. Gidajen giya suna kwace babbar hanyar samun kuɗi daga mata kuma suna ba da kuɗin gudanar da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata. Wannan ƙungiyar ta kuma nemi a lalata kadarorin Kamfanin Durban. Nyembe yana fafutukar neman iko da kwararar 'yan cirani, samun izinin shiga ga mata, da kuma izinin neman aiki. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 November 2014 |title=Document 44 - "The Revolt of the Women", The Soyan, December 1959 |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/document-44-revolt-women-soyan-december-1959 |website=South African History Online |language=en}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == [[File:FAO_CERES2_Nyembe_Silver_Obverse.jpg|thumb| Lambar Yabo ta FAO CERES - Azurfa Obverse]] An ba shi lambar yabo ta FAO Ceres a shekarar 1976. A lokacin aikinta ta sami lambar yabo ta Order of Friendship of Peoples, daga Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma lambar yabo ta Chief Albert Luthuli, ta ƙarshe a shekarar 1992. Umarnin Sabis na Girmamawa da azurfa (2003).{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2025}} == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1931]] j78oixeky4qe7fgko8pw143rk6o3a78 0 178397 975089 965624 2026-11-02T02:08:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975089 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Cristian Alonso Riquelme Piña''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Oktoba 2003) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Chile wanda ke taka leda a matsayin hagu na kulob din Liga de Primera Deportes Concepción a aro daga Colo-Colo . == Ayyukan kulob din == Yayinda yake yaro, Riquelme ya wakilci tawagar garinsu, Casablanca, kuma ya fuskanci Everton na Viña del Mar. Bayan wannan wasan, ya shiga tsarin matasa na Everton yana da shekaru 13. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 December 2021 |title=Quién es Riquelme, la joya chilena que quiere River |url=https://www.tycsports.com/river-plate/river-cristian-riquelme-joya-chilena-id396337.html |access-date=26 May 2022 |publisher=[[TyC Sports]] |language=es}}</ref> Ya fara wasan farko na sana'a a wasan farko na Chile na 2021 da Union La Calera a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba 2021, kuma ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar sana'arsa ta farko a watan Fabrairun 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2021 |title=La joya de Everton y de la Roja Sub 20 que quiere River Plate |url=https://chile.as.com/chile/2021/12/07/futbol/1638875115_828614.html |access-date=26 May 2022 |publisher=[[Diario AS|AS Chile]] |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 February 2022 |title=JUVENILES ORO Y CIELO FIRMAN SU PRIMER CONTRATO PROFESIONAL |url=https://everton.cl/juveniles-oro-y-cielo-firman-su-primer-contrato-profesional/ |access-date=26 May 2022 |publisher=[[Everton de Viña del Mar]] |language=es}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A rabi na biyu na 2024, Riquelme ya sauya zuwa Colo-Colo . <ref>{{Cite web |last=González |first=Christian |date=1 August 2024 |title=Zamorano style: la singular numeración que usará Mauricio Isla en Colo Colo |url=https://www.latercera.com/el-deportivo/noticia/zamorano-style-la-singular-numeracion-que-usara-mauricio-isla-en-colo-colo/YFK2Y3E3JVFE3IBOZZU5DKT7NI/ |access-date=2 August 2024 |website=[[La Tercera]] |language=es |quote=En el acto también fue presentado Cristián Riquelme, el lateral izquierdo que los albos reclutaron desde Everton.}}</ref> An ba da rancensa ga Deportes Concepción don rabi na biyu na shekara ta 2026. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Riquelme ta wakilci Chile a matakin kasa da shekaru 17 a duka gasar zakarun Kudancin Amurka ta 2019, inda ta buga dukkan wasannin, da kuma gasar cin Kofin Duniya na FIFA na 2019, inda za ta buga wasanni hudu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Navarro |first=Nicolás |date=11 December 2021 |title=Cristian Riquelme, la joven promesa de Everton de Viña del Mar que ven desde River Plate: "Son solo rumores, pero claro que me gustaría ir" |url=https://bolavip.com/cl/nacional/Cristian-Riquelme-la-joven-promesa-de-Everton-de-Vina-del-Mar-que-ven-desde-River-Plate-Son-solo-rumores-pero-claro-que-me-gustaria-ir-20211211-0003.html |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=Bolavip Chile |language=es}}</ref> Tun daga 2021, ana kiransa akai-akai don horar da microcycles na Chile U20.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 October 2021 |title=Nómina para Microciclo de la Selección Chilena Masculina Sub 20 |url=http://www.laroja.cl/new/nomina-para-microciclo-de-la-seleccion-chilena-masculina-sub-20 |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=www.laroja.cl |publisher=[[Football Federation of Chile|FFCh]] |language=es}}</ref> A matakin kasa da shekaru 20, ya fara bugawa a wasan sada zumunci da Peru U20 a ranar 14 ga Yulin 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2022 |title=La Roja Sub 20 cayó ante Perú en La Videna |url=https://laroja.cl/new/la-roja-sub-20-cayo-ante-peru-en-la-videna |access-date=15 July 2022 |website=laroja.cl |publisher=[[Football Federation of Chile|FFCh]] |language=es}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Ya bayyana cewa gunkinsa na kwallon kafa shine Andrew Robertson . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Neyra |first=Pablo |date=23 October 2019 |title=Cristian Riquelme: conoce al mundialista de La Roja Sub 17 |url=https://laroja.cl/cristian-riquelme-conoce-al-mundialista-de-la-roja-sub-17 |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=laroja.cl |publisher=[[Football Federation of Chile|FFCh]] |language=es}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {{Updated|14 July 2024}}<ref>{{Soccerway|cristian-alonso-riquelme-pina/602792}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin ! colspan="2" |Yankin nahiyar ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="5" |Everton |2021 | rowspan="4" |Sashen Farko na Chile |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |3 |0 |- |2022 |7 |0 |2 |0 |3 |0 |12 |0 |- |2023 |25 |1 |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - |28 |1 |- |2024 |12 |0 |5 |0 | colspan="2" | - |17 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !47 !1 !10 !0 !3 !0 !60 !1 |- |Colo-Colo |2024 |Sashen Farko na Chile |3 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - |5 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !50 !1 !12 !0 !3 !0 !65 !1 |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2003]] lpjbv7jt6vgm6ic4pikvb184deq87dw 0 178644 975155 965036 2026-11-02T10:58:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975155 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dutsen Bat Creek''' allon dutse ne da aka rubuta, wanda aka fi la'akari da shi yaudara, wanda John W. Emmert ya samo a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 1889. <ref name=":1" /> Emmert ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya sami allon a Tipton Mound 3 yayin tonowar kaburbura na Hopewell a Loudon County, Tennessee. Wannan tono ya kasance wani ɓangare na jerin manyan tonowa waɗanda ke da niyyar bayyana gardama game da wanda ke da alhakin gina tuddai daban-daban da aka samu a Gabashin Amurka.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Mainfort |first=Robert C. |last2=Kwas |first2=Mary L. |date=October 2004 |title=The Bat Creek Stone Revisited: A Fraud Exposed |url=https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/environment/archaeology/documents/staffpubs/arch_Mainfort%20and%20Kwas%202004.pdf |journal=American Antiquity |language=en |volume=69 |issue=4 |pages=761–769 |doi=10.2307/4128448 |issn=0002-7316 |jstor=4128448 |s2cid=161826727 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913212831/https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/environment/archaeology/documents/staffpubs/arch_Mainfort%20and%20Kwas%202004.pdf |archive-date=2025-09-13 |access-date=2026-10-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A ƙarshen ƙarni na goma sha tara, lokacin da aka sami allon, Cyrus Thomas, darektan binciken dutsen, ya kammala rubutun da ya gabatar da haruffa daga haruffa na Cherokee.<ref name=":1" /> An yarda da wannan fassarar a lokacin amma Cyrus H. Gordon, masanin al'adun Gabas ta Tsakiya da harsuna na dā, wanda ya sake nazarin allon a cikin shekarun 1970s kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa rubutun yana wakiltar Paleo-Ibraniyawa na ƙarni na 1 ko 2.<ref name=":1" /> Yarjejeniya tsakanin masu binciken tarihi ita ce allon yaudara ce.<ref name=":1" /> Da yake tallafawa sahihancinta, masanin tattalin arziki J. Huston McCulloch ya yi jayayya cewa rubutun Ibrananci na dā a kan dutse yana goyan bayan ka'idodin hulɗa na pre-Columbian.<ref name=":82">{{Cite web |date=August 24, 2015 |title=The Bat Creek Inscription: Did Judean Refugees Escape to Tennessee? |url=https://www.baslibrary.org/biblical-archaeology-review/19/4/9 |access-date=April 14, 2022 |website=The BAS Library |language=en}}</ref> Da yake tsayayya da ra'ayin ra'ayoyin hulɗa na pre-Columbian, masu binciken tarihi Robert Mainfort da Mary Kwas sun yi imanin cewa rubutun ba ainihin kayan tarihi ne na Ibrananci ba amma yaudara ce ta ƙarni na 19. Sun nuna kamanceceniya tsakanin rubutun da kuma kwatancin rubuce-rubucen Paleo-Ibraniyawa da aka buga kafin gano dutsen, kuma suna tambaya game da amincin abin da dutsen ya ruwaito.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":02" /> Bugu da ƙari, wasu masu binciken tarihi da membobin al'ummomin ilimi sun yarda da ƙaddamarwar da Mainfort da Kwas suka kawo.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=August 24, 2015 |title=Let's be Serious About the Bat Creek Stone |url=https://www.baslibrary.org/biblical-archaeology-review/19/4/10 |url-access=subscription |access-date=April 14, 2022 |website=The BAS Library |language=en}}</ref> A yau, tambayar wanda ya yi allon da kuma dalilin da ya sa ba a amsa ba.<ref name=":1" /> == Bayani na jiki na allon == [[File:Bat_Creek_Inscription_1890_Lithograph_Figure_7_Inverted.jpg|thumb|Wani lithograph na 1890 na allon ba tare da alamun layi daya na yanzu ba]] [[File:Bat_Creek_Exam_5-28-10.JPG|thumb|219x219px|Hoton kwanan nan na allon inda alamun layi daya suke a saman kusurwar hagu]] == Yanayin tonowa == Arewacin Amurka tana da tarihin shekaru daban-daban. Al'adun 'yan asalin Amurka sun riga sun riga sun gabatar da Mulkin mallaka na Turai.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Baires |first=Sarah E. |date=February 23, 2018 |title=White Settlers Buried the Truth About the Midwest's Mysterious Mound Cities |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/white-settlers-buried-truth-about-midwests-mysterious-mound-cities-180968246/ |access-date=April 13, 2022 |website=[[Smithsonian Magazine]] |language=en}}</ref> Wani ɓangare na wannan tarihin ya kasance a cikin gine-ginen ci gaba na mutanen Adena da Hopewell. Mutanen Adena da Hopewell, da sauransu a gabashin da tsakiyar yammacin Arewacin Amurka, sun gina manyan ayyukan ƙasa da tuddai.<ref name=":4" /> Shaidar archaeological ta bayyana cewa waɗannan wayewar, ba waɗanda aka tsara ba, Masu Gina Dutsen, sun halicci tsarin da aka yadu.<ref name=":3" /> Masana kimiyya da yawa suna kallon tatsuniyoyin masu ginin dutse, ciki har da Kenneth Feder da Sarah E. Baires, a matsayin mummunar imani da ke lalata 'yan asalin Amurka ta hanyar da'awar cewa ba su ne masu kirkirar dutsen masu ban mamaki ba, kuma wani rukuni na mutane, wanda ake kira "Vanished Race", suna da alhakin halittar su da ci gaba da ɗaukaka su. Wannan imani ya kasance a ko'ina kuma yana da tasiri a tsakanin Amurkawa kafin karni na ashirin, yana nuna ra'ayoyin mulkin mallaka na [[Turawa ta mallaki Amurka|Turai]]. Baires ya rubuta cewa danganta masu ginin ga "kowane rukuni - ban da 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka" yana nuna halin da malaman Turai ke yi na share "haɗin' yan asalin ƙasar Amirka ga al'adunsu".<ref name=":3" /> Halakar tuddai ta faru ne tare da tilasta cire 'yan asalin ƙasarsu kuma ka'idar Masu Gina tuddai ta nisanta su daga al'adunsu. <ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /> Wadannan ayyukan sun zama wani nau'i na [[Kisan Al'adu|Kisan kare dangi na al'adu]] da masu mulkin mallaka na Turai suka yi tare da motsi na jiki na mazauna zuwa ƙasashen asali.<ref name=":3" /> Lokacin da aka sami rubutun Bat Creek, ya shiga cikin wannan muhimmiyar muhawara game da ko wanene masu ginin. Kodayake a cikin karni na ashirin da daya a bayyane yake cewa 'yan asalin Amurka daban-daban ne suka gina tuddai kuma sun yi aiki daban-daban, a farkon karni na sha tara, akwai rikice-rikice game da wanda ya gina tuddai.<ref name=":3" /> Don bayyana muhawara, Ofishin Tarayya don nazarin kabilanci ya nada masanin ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta Cyrus Thomas a matsayin Darakta na sabon Sashen Binciken Tattalin Arziki. Tare da kasafin kuɗi na $ 60,000 da gwamnatin Amurka ta bayar da kuma keɓewar shekaru goma sha biyu na binciken dutse, Thomas ya yi aiki don ba da haske game da ko wane ne masu ginin dutse.<ref name=":02" /> Fiye da haka, Thomas ya mayar da hankali kan kimanta haɗin tsakanin masu ginin dutse da al'ummomin 'yan asalin da ke zaune a yankin a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Turai. Masanin ilimin kimiyyar tarihi Kenneth Feder ya yaba da kokarin Thomas, wanda "ya fara binciken da ya fi zurfi" na tuddai, masu ginin su, da ka'idar Mound Builder.<ref name=":02" /> Kokarin Thomas ya kasance mai mahimmanci saboda ikon da suke da shi na lalata tatsuniyar masu ginin dutse ta hanyar samar da shaidar da ba za a iya musantawa ba cewa 'yan asalin Amurka sun gina tuddai.<ref name=":02" /> Saboda kokarin Thomas da tawagarsa, kuma tare da taimakon aikin da ya buga wanda ya gabatar da abubuwan da ya gano, "an yi mummunan rauni game da tseren da ya ɓace".<ref name=":02" /> == Yanayin ƙasa == [[File:Bat-creek-tennessee1.jpg|thumb|Bat Creek, yanzu ƙofar Tafkin Tellico]] [[Tennessee]]_River" id="mwtw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Little Tennessee River">Little Tennessee River ya shiga Tennessee daga Dutsen Appalachian zuwa kudu yana gudana zuwa arewa sama da kilomita 50 (kilomita 80) kafin ya zubo cikin Kogin Tennessee kusa da Lenoir City. Kammalawa na madatsar ruwan Tellico a bakin Little Tennessee a 1979 ya haifar da tafkin da ya mamaye ƙananan mil 33 (kilomita 53) na kogin. Bat Creek ya zubo cikin kudu maso yammacin bakin Little Tennessee {{Convert|12|mi|km}} daga bakin kogin. Duk da yake yawancin asalin haɗuwa na Bat Creek da Little Tennessee sun nutse a tafkin, tudun da aka samo Bat Creek Stone ya kasance sama da matakan aiki na tafkin. == Binciken archaeological == === Binciken farko === A cikin Mound 3 Emmert ya ba da rahoton gano "ƙuƙwalwar tagulla guda biyu, dutse mai zane, ƙaramin burbushin da aka hako, [[Kwallaye na ado|bead]] na jan ƙarfe, kayan aiki na ƙashi, da wasu ƙananan katako masu laushi da launin kore ta hanyar hulɗa da ƙuƙwalyar tagulla". Binciken da ya yi ya kuma bayyana kwarangwal tara, bakwai daga cikinsu an shimfiɗa su a jere tare da kawunansu suna fuskantar arewa, kuma wasu biyu an shimfiɗar su kusa, ɗaya tare da kansa yana fuskantar arewa ɗayan kuma yana fuskantar kudu. Ya ba da rahoton cewa an gano Bat Creek Stone a ƙarƙashin kwanyar kwarangwal da ke fuskantar kudu.<ref name=":1" /> Emmert da Thomas ne suka fara gano mundaye guda biyu da aka samu a cikin Dutsen a matsayin "kofi", amma binciken Smithsonian na 1970 ya kammala cewa mundaye sun kasance a zahiri suna da jan tagulla.<ref name=":1" /> A shekara ta 1967 Hukumar Tennessee Valley ta ba da sanarwar shirye-shiryen gina madatsar ruwan Tellico a bakin Little Tennessee River kuma ta nemi Jami'ar Tennessee Department of Anthropology da ta gudanar da binciken ceto a cikin Little Tennessee Valley. Shari'a da damuwa game da muhalli sun dakatar da kammala madatsar ruwan har zuwa 1979, suna ba da damar yin bincike mai yawa a wurare da yawa a ko'ina cikin kwarin. A ƙarshen shekarun 1960 da 1970, aikin Archaeological na Tellico, wanda Ma'aikatar Anthropology ta Jami'ar Tennessee ta gudanar ya bincika shafuka sama da goma sha biyu kuma ya gano shaidar zama mai yawa a cikin kwarin a lokacin Archaic (8000-1000 BC), Woodland (1000 BC - 1000 AD), Mississippi (900-1600 AD), da Cherokee (c. 1600-1838) lokaci.[1] Dutsen 1 na Bat Creek Site an tono shi a cikin 1975. Masu bincike sun kammala cewa tudun "dandalin" ne na zamanin Mississippian. An kuma sami kayan tarihi na Pre-Mississippian wanda ya kasance a zamanin Archaic da Woodland. Masu tono Jami'ar Tennessee ba su bincika Dutsen 2 ko Dutsen 3, dukansu biyu ba su wanzu ba.[2] Ba a gano wani binciken da Jami'ar Tennessee ta yi a Bat Creek Site ko kuma wani binciken da aka yi a cikin Little Tennessee Valley ya gano wani shaidar da za ta nuna hulɗar Pre-Columbian da wayewar Tsohon Duniya ba.[3]   == Manazarta == hppwd743xsy2v4phgacfr41p5m46xhq 0 178674 974983 969673 2026-11-01T19:14:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974983 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charley Boone '''(an haife shi a ranar 26 ga Maris, 2002) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Amurka wanda kwanan nan ya buga wasa a matsayin mai tsaron baya ko kuma ɗan wasan tsakiya a ƙungiyar USL Super League Spokane Zephyr . Bayan ta shafe mafi yawan shekarunta na ƙwallon ƙafa a kwaleji tare da Montana Grizzlies, Boone ta buga kakar wasa ɗaya tare da Minnesota Aurora FC kuma an zaɓe ta a matsayin Mai Tsaron Gasar USL W League na Shekarar 2025. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Boone a [[Seattle|Seattle, Washington]], ga iyayensa Jeff da Renee Boone. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Charley Boone - Soccer |url=https://gogriz.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/charley-boone/6867 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731201832/https://gogriz.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/charley-boone/6867 |archive-date=July 31, 2023 |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=[[Montana Grizzlies]] |language=en}}</ref> Tana da 'yar'uwa, Georgia, wacce ta buga wasanni uku na ƙwallon ƙafa a jami'ar Montana tare da ita. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Maxwell |date=2024-09-26 |title=Boone helps best defense in Big Sky history |url=https://www.montanakaimin.com/sports/boone-helps-best-defense-in-big-sky-history/article_91d4ca5c-7b92-11ef-8597-636b5dfa8e0b.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250213141719/https://www.montanakaimin.com/sports/boone-helps-best-defense-in-big-sky-history/article_91d4ca5c-7b92-11ef-8597-636b5dfa8e0b.html |archive-date=February 13, 2025 |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=[[Montana Kaimin]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-04-01 |title=Griz add second Boone |url=https://gogriz.com/news/2022/4/1/soccer-griz-add-second-boone |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=[[Montana Grizzlies]] |language=en}}</ref> Boone ta buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar Crossfire Premier SC, inda aka sanya mata suna cikin ƙungiyar gasar Surf Cup All-Tournament ta 2019. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Charley Boone - Women's Soccer |url=https://gozags.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/charley-boone/3294 |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=[[Gonzaga Bulldogs]] |language=en}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, Boone da Crossfire Premier za su lashe kofin, inda za su zama ƙungiya ta biyu mafi girma a Amurka. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Charley Boone |url=https://mnaurora.com/players/charley-boone/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250717130023/https://mnaurora.com/players/charley-boone/ |archive-date=July 17, 2025 |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=[[Minnesota Aurora]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Boone ta halarci Makarantar Shirye-shiryen Seattle, inda, a matsayinta na ɗalibi ta farko, aka naɗa ta a matsayin ƙungiyar farko ta All-Metro. <ref name=":2" /> Daga nan ta koma Makarantar Sakandare ta Roosevelt kuma ta sami lambar yabo ta MVP a taronta na ƙarshe. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-07-20 |title=Boone's deep family ties bring her to Montana |url=https://nbcmontana.com/sports/boones-deep-family-ties-bring-her-to-montana |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819005723/https://nbcmontana.com/sports/boones-deep-family-ties-bring-her-to-montana |archive-date=August 19, 2021 |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=[[NBC Montana]] |language=en}}</ref> == Aikin kwaleji == === Gonzaga Bulldogs === Boone ya buga wasa a kakar wasa ɗaya a ƙungiyar Gonzaga Bulldogs bayan ya bar makarantar sakandare. Ta sami matsala wajen shiga ƙungiyar Gonzaga kuma ta ƙare da buga wasanni 7 kacal a wasanni 2 a kakar wasa ta bana. <ref name=":2" /> A ƙarshen kamfen ɗin, Boone ya zaɓi shiga shafin canja wurin NCAA don neman wasu damammaki. <ref name=":4" /> === Montana Grizzlies === Boone, wanda ke da alaƙa da iyali da yawa zuwa jihar [[Montana]], ya zaɓi ya koma Jami'ar Montana kafin lokacin kaka na 2021.<ref name=":4" /> A kakar wasa ta farko tare da Lady Griz, ta bayyana a wasanni 19, galibi a matsayin mai maye gurbin.<ref name=":0" /> Duk da sau da yawa samun kanta a kan benci, Boone har yanzu ta sami damar yin tasiri a kan tawagar. A karo na biyu da ta fara aiki, ta zira kwallaye a minti na 87 a wasan kusa da na karshe na Big Sky na 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-11-05 |title=Griz win, advance to title match |url=https://gogriz.com/news/2021/11/5/soccer-griz-win-advance-to-title-match |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214225930/https://gogriz.com/news/2021/11/5/soccer-griz-win-advance-to-title-match |archive-date=December 14, 2021 |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=[[Montana Grizzlies]] |language=en}}</ref> Grizzlies za su ci gaba da lashe gasar zakarun sannan su ci gaba zuwa Gasar NCAA, inda Jihar Washington ta ci su a zagaye na farko. Boone ya sami farawa don wasannin biyu.<ref name=":0" /> A ƙarshen lokacinta na biyu na kwaleji, an kira Boone Sabon Sabon Shekara na Grizzlies kuma ya sami wuri a cikin ƙungiyar Big Sky All-Tournament.<ref name=":0" /> A kakar wasa mai zuwa, Boone ta tabbatar da kanta a matsayin mai mahimmanci a cikin tawagar Montana. Ta fara dukkan wasannin 20 na Grizzlies a tsakiya kuma ta buga dukkan mintuna 44 na yakin.<ref name=":0" /> Boone ya kai matsayi mafi girma a matsayin babban jami'i, yana karɓar karbuwa a kan All-Big Sky First Team kuma a matsayin mai tsaron gida na Montana.<ref name=":1" /> Ta jagoranci tawagar a cikin minti yayin da Grizzlies suka buga mafi kyawun lokacin tsaro a tarihin Big Sky, inda suka ci kwallaye 9 kawai a wasanni 19.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Boone ta koma Montana don shekara ta biyar ta kwallon kafa yayin da ta bi digiri na biyu a [[Ginin Daji|kasuwanci]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Bowman |first=Ira |date=2025-07-24 |title=Boone and Gradney, Named U.M. Scholar Athletes. |url=https://hilinetoday.com/boone-and-gradney-named-u-m-scholar-athletes/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250725053659/https://hilinetoday.com/boone-and-gradney-named-u-m-scholar-athletes/ |archive-date=July 25, 2025 |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=Hi-Line Today |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta ƙare tana wasa a kowane minti na kakar a matsayin kyaftin din tawagar Grizzlies. A shekara ta biyu a jere, an kira ta MVP mai tsaron gida da kuma All-Big Sky na farko.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bagby |first=Vince |date=2024-11-05 |title=Griz soccer lands five players on First Team All Conference squad |url=https://www.swxlocalsports.com/montana/montana-grizzlies/griz-soccer-lands-five-players-on-first-team-all-conference-squad/article_5f95f016-9bb8-11ef-b717-1383549924aa.html |access-date=2025-08-24 |website=SWX Sports |language=en}}</ref> Kusan ƙarshen kakar, Boone ya ba da gudummawa a nasarar da Montana ta samu 3-0 a kan Weber State wanda ya sami lambar yabo ta Big Sky ga Grizzlies.<ref name=":0" /> Gabaɗaya, ta buga wasanni 77 kuma ta zira kwallaye 2 a cikin yanayi huɗu a Montana.<ref name=":0" /> Boone ya kuma sami nasara a cikin aji, ya kammala karatu tare da girmamawa na Magna cum Laude kuma an kira shi Babban Masanin Sama-Athlete a tsakiyar shekara ta 2025.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-07-16 |title=Boone, Gradney named Big Sky Scholar-Athletes |url=https://gogriz.com/news/2025/7/16/general-boone-gradney-named-big-sky-scholar-athletes |access-date=2025-09-14 |website=[[Montana Grizzlies]] |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == === Minnesota Aurora === Bayan barin kwaleji, Boone ya shiga kulob din Minnesota Aurora FC a gaban yakin neman zabe na USL W League na 2025. A watan Yunin 2025, an sanya mata suna a cikin tawagar league ta watan bayan wasan kwaikwayo mai karfi. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-07-08 |title=W League Team of the Month: June 2025 |url=https://www.uslwleague.com/news_article/show/1342335-w-league-team-of-the-month-june-2025 |access-date=2025-08-24 |website=[[USL W League]] |language=en-us}}</ref> Yayin da kakar ta ci gaba, Boone ta tabbatar da matsayinta a cikin jerin Aurora, tana wasa a wasanni 14 daga cikin wasanni 15 na kulob din (ciki har da dukkan wasannin 3 na playoff). <ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-07-16 |title=Minnesota Aurora's Charley Boone is USL-W Defender of the Year |url=https://www.fox9.com/sports/minnesota-aurora-charley-boone-defender |access-date=2025-08-24 |website=FOX 9 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta taimaka wa tawagar ta sami matsayi na farko a cikin Heartland Division kafin ta ci gaba zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na USL W League, inda Utah United ta ci Aurora.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Swanson |first=Shelby |date=2025-07-16 |title=Minnesota Aurora's Charley Boone is USL W League Defender of the Year |url=https://www.startribune.com/charley-boone-minnesota-aurora-usl-w-league-defender-of-the-year-womens-soccer/601428389 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250717051819/https://www.startribune.com/charley-boone-minnesota-aurora-usl-w-league-defender-of-the-year-womens-soccer/601428389 |archive-date=July 17, 2025 |access-date=2025-08-24 |website=[[The Minnesota Star Tribune]] |language=en}}</ref> A ƙarshen kakar, an kira Boone mai kare shekara.<ref name=":6" /> Ayyukanta tare da sauran ƙungiyar tsaron Minnesota sun haifar da jimlar shutouts 10 kuma kawai 4 da aka ba da izini a duk lokacin kakar.<ref name=":7" /> === Spokane Zephyr === A ranar 14 ga watan Agusta, 2025, Boone ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar sana'arta ta farko tare da kungiyar Spokane Zephyr FC ta USL Super League . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Spokane Zephyr FC Signs Gritty Defender and 2025 USL W League Defender of the Year, Charley Boone |url=https://www.uslspokane.com/news/2025/08/14/spokane-zephyr-fc-signs-gritty-defender-and-2025-usl-w-league-defender-of-the-year-charley-boone/ |access-date=2025-08-24 |website=USL Spokane |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251116222547/https://www.uslspokane.com/news/2025/08/14/spokane-zephyr-fc-signs-gritty-defender-and-2025-usl-w-league-defender-of-the-year-charley-boone/ |archive-date=2025-11-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta fara bugawa a ranar 13 ga watan Satumba, ta fara kuma ta buga minti 72 a cikin nasarar 2-0 a kan Tampa Bay Sun FC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spokane Zephyr FC has Strong Offensive Showing in 2-0 Win Over Tampa Bay Sun FC |url=https://www.uslspokane.com/news/2025/09/13/spokane-zephyr-fc-has-strong-offensive-showing-in-2-0-win-over-tampa-bay-sun-fc/ |access-date=2025-09-14 |website=USL Spokane |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251116230032/https://www.uslspokane.com/news/2025/09/13/spokane-zephyr-fc-has-strong-offensive-showing-in-2-0-win-over-tampa-bay-sun-fc/ |archive-date=2025-11-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kungiyar ta ninka bayan kakar a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2026. == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {{Updated|September 13, 2025}}<ref name=Soccerway/> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin ! colspan="2" |Wasanni ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- |Minnesota Aurora FC |2025 |USL W League |11 |0 | colspan="2" | - |4 |0 |15 |0 |- |Spokane Zephyr FC |2025–26 |USL Super League |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !12 !0 !0 !0 !4 !0 !16 !0 |} {{Notelist}} == Daraja == '''Montana Grizzlies''' * Gasar Big Sky: 2021 <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2021-07-11 |title=Montana wins seventh Big Sky championship |url=https://gogriz.com/news/2021/11/7/soccer-montana-wins-seventh-big-sky-championship |access-date=2025-09-14 |website=[[Montana Grizzlies]] |language=en}}</ref> * Big Sky masu cin kofin kakar wasa ta yau da kullun: 2023, 2024 <ref name=":8" /> '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * Kungiyar Big Sky ta gasar: 2021 <ref name=":9" /> * Kungiyar farko All-Big Sky: 2023, 2024 <ref name=":0" /> * USL W League Defender of the Year: 2025 <ref name=":7" /> == Manazarta == == Haɗin waje == * Charley Boone at Soccerway.com * [https://gogriz.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/charley-boone/6867 Charley Boone] a Montana Grizzlies [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2002]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] i9jogrxfq338f9qo5wyq3usa2x61j7k 0 178849 974728 965981 2026-11-01T12:19:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974728 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Binny Bansal''' (an haife shi a shekarar 1982/1983) hamshakin attajiri ne ɗan ƙasar Indiya <ref name="2015:BTechLifeA" /> ɗan kasuwan intanet . <ref name="2015:BTechLifeA">{{Cite web |last=Srikar Muthyala |date=29 September 2015 |title=The List Great Entrepreneurs of India in 2015 |url=http://mybtechlife.com/the-list-of-great-entrepreneurs-in-india-2015/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114000446/http://mybtechlife.com/the-list-of-great-entrepreneurs-in-india-2015/ |archive-date=14 January 2016 |publisher=MyBTechLife}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Fabrairun 2024, an kiyasta cewa dukiyarsa ta kai dala biliyan 1.4. <ref name="Forbes profile">{{Cite web |title=Forbes profile: Binny Bansal |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/binny-bansal/ |access-date=4 February 2024 |website=Forbes}}</ref> A shekarar 2007, ya kafa dandalin [[Kasuwanci na kafar sadarwa|kasuwanci ta yanar gizo]] [[Flipkart]].<ref name="2011:IndiaTodayA">{{Cite web |last=Punj |first=Deepshikha |date=September 17, 2011 |title=Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal proudly owns flipkart.com, the biggest online bookstore in India |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20110926-india-today-youth-special-sachin-bansal-and-binny-bansal-flipkart-747699-2011-09-17 |website=India Today}}</ref><ref name="2014:FinancialExpressA">{{Cite web |date=9 March 2014 |title=Flipkart sales hit whopping $1 bn, Sachin and Binny Bansal 'run rate' stupendous |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/flipkart-sales-hit-whopping-1-bn-sachin-and-binny-bansal-run-rate-stupendous/1232292/ |website=The Financial Express}}</ref> Ya kasance babban jami'in gudanarwa (COO) har zuwa Janairu 2016, lokacin da aka ɗaukaka shi zuwa babban jami'in gudanarwa (Shugaba). An ɗaukaka shi zuwa babban jami'in gudanarwa na ƙungiyar a watan Janairun 2017 amma ya yi murabus a watan Nuwamban 2018 bayan zarge-zargen rashin da'a a Flipkart.<ref name="2017:FactorDailyA">{{Cite web |date=9 January 2017 |title=Kalyan Krishnamurthy to take over as Flipkart CEO, Binny Bansal Group CEO - FactorDaily |url=http://factordaily.com/flipkart-management-change-2017/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110020502/http://factordaily.com/flipkart-management-change-2017/ |archive-date=10 January 2017 |access-date=9 January 2017 |website=factordaily.com}}</ref> Shi mai zuba jari ne a kamfanin 021 Capital. <ref name="ForbesB">{{Cite web |title=Binny Bansal |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/binny-bansal/#17e3ac46303b |website=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, Bansal ya zuba jari a asusun bayar da tallafi na Cibiyar Fasaha ta Indiya (IIT) Delhi . <ref name="2019:EndowmentA">{{Cite web |date=2019-10-31 |title=IIT दिल्ली को इन 2 पूर्व छात्रों ने दिए 125 करोड़, करते हैं ये बिजनेस |url=https://www.aajtak.in/education/story/flipkart-founders-binny-sachin-bansal-to-invest-rs-125-crore-in-iit-delhi-fund-tedu-969910-2019-10-31 |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Binny Bansal a kusa da 1982/1983. Mahaifinsa babban manaja ne a wani banki, mahaifiyarsa kuma tana aiki a ɓangaren gwamnati. Asalinsa ɗan asalin Chandigarh ne, babban birnin [[Punjab (Indiya)|Punjab]] da [[Haryana]] . Ya yi karatu a Makarantar Convent ta St. Anne, Chandigarh . <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Anne's CONVENT SCHOOL |url=https://sacschd.in/Alumini.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805154000/https://sacschd.in/Alumini.php |archive-date=5 August 2023 |access-date=5 August 2023 |website=sacschd.in}}</ref> <ref name="2013:BhaskarC">{{Cite web |date=9 December 2013 |title=Flipkart success story revealed! Meet Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal |url=https://daily.bhaskar.com/news/MON-SPE-flipkart-success-story-revealed-meet-sachin-bansal-and-binny-bansal-4458841-PHO.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817010056/http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/MON-SPE-flipkart-success-story-revealed-meet-sachin-bansal-and-binny-bansal-4458841-PHO.html |archive-date=17 August 2014 |website=dailybhaskar}}</ref> Ya yi karatun software programming a IIT Delhi. Ya kammala karatunsa a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Indiya da ke Delhi da digiri a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta da injiniyanci.<ref name="2013:BhaskarC" /><ref name="2014:ForbesIndiaD">{{Cite web |title=What Flipkart's Funds Mean for its Rivals |url=http://forbesindia.com/article/checkin/what-flipkarts-funds-mean-for-its-rivals/35683/1 |access-date=30 March 2014 |website=[[Forbes India]]}}</ref> == Sana'a == === Amazon === Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi aiki a Sarnoff Corporation. A watan Janairun 2007, ya shiga [[Amazon (kamfani)|Amazon]] a matsayin injiniyan software, inda ya yi aiki na tsawon watanni tara. A farkon aikinsa, [[Google]] ya ƙi shi sau biyu. <ref name="2014:ConclaveA">{{Cite web |title=Before I got into Amazon, Google rejected me twice. But that did not stop me from starting Flipkart: Binny Bansal |url=http://conclave.intoday.in/video/before-starting-flipkart-i-was-doing-a-12-to-5-job-binny-bansal/3668/39/76.html |access-date=5 August 2014}}</ref> Daga ƙarshe ya bar Amazon zuwa kamfanin haɗin gwiwa [[Flipkart|na Flipkart]]. A shekarar 2007, ya kafa dandalin [[Kasuwanci na kafar sadarwa|kasuwanci ta yanar gizo]] [[Flipkart]] . <ref name="2011:IndiaTodayA" /> Abokin kasuwancinsa, Sachin Bansal, wanda ba shi da alaƙa da shi, shi ma ya fito daga Chandigarh, <ref name="forbesindia">{{Cite web |title=Binny Bansal |url=http://forbesindia.com/richprofile2015/binny-bansal-/171 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117025154/http://forbesindia.com/richprofile2015/binny-bansal-/171 |archive-date=17 November 2015 |access-date=13 November 2015}}</ref> kuma abokin karatunsa ne a IIT Delhi, yana karatun injiniyan kimiyyar kwamfuta. Shi da abokin haɗin gwiwar wanda ya kafa kamfanin sun tara dala 6000 don fara kasuwancinsu kuma suka fara aiki daga gidansu. <ref name="ForbesB" /> Kafin su kafa [[Flipkart]] tare, Binny Bansal da abokin kasuwancinsa Sachin Bansal da farko sun yi tunanin fara injin bincike na kwatantawa amma sun fahimci cewa kasuwar kasuwancin e-commerce a Indiya ƙarama ce. Saboda haka, bayan sun bar Amazon a shekarar 2007, sun kafa Flipkart a matsayin kamfanin kasuwanci ta yanar gizo. Kafin ya shiga Amazon, Binny ya yi aiki da Sarnoff Corporation na tsawon shekara ɗaya da rabi, <ref name="daily.bhaskar.com">{{Cite web |title=Flipkart success story revealed! Meet Sachin Bansal and Binny Bansal |url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/news-hf/MON-SPE-flipkart-success-story-revealed-meet-sachin-bansal-and-binny-bansal-4458841-PHO.html?seq=2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120063309/http://daily.bhaskar.com/news-hf/MON-SPE-flipkart-success-story-revealed-meet-sachin-bansal-and-binny-bansal-4458841-PHO.html?seq=2 |archive-date=20 November 2015 |access-date=20 November 2015}}</ref> inda ya ƙirƙiro na'urar firikwensin layi don motoci wanda zai yi muku gargaɗi da ƙara ta atomatik idan kun canza layi ba tare da bayar da sigina ba. === Shugaban Kamfanin Flipkart === Bansal shine babban jami'in gudanarwa na [[Flipkart]] har zuwa Janairun 2016, lokacin da ya zama babban jami'in gudanarwa (Shugaba), <ref name="2016LiveMintC">{{Cite news |date=12 January 2016 |title=Flipkart flips CEO post, Binny Bansal replaces Sachin Bansal |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/j8ebSI6fTpKEO4wp2nrfCJ/Flipkarts-Binny-Bansal-replaces-Sachin-Bansal-as-new-CEO.html |work=Livemint}}</ref> kuma ya yi aiki kan ci gaban dabaru, alkibla da kuma gudanar da kasuwanci. A shekarar 2017, ya karɓi muƙamin Shugaba na Flipkart Group kuma an miƙa masa muƙaminsa na baya ga Kalyan Krishnamurthy. A shekarar 2018, Walmart ta sami hannun jari kashi 77% a Flipkart Group. Bayan sayen, Bansal ya karɓi matsayin shugaba kuma ya ci gaba da zama shugaban kamfanin. An kiyasta hannun jarinsa na kashi 5.5% akan dala biliyan 1 bayan siyan. Ya yi murabus daga Flipkart a watan Nuwamba na 2018 bisa zargin aikata ba daidai ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Flipkart and Walmart statement on Binny Bansal |url=https://news.walmart.com/2018/11/13/flipkart-and-walmart-statement-on-binny-bansal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116085718/https://news.walmart.com/2018/11/13/flipkart-and-walmart-statement-on-binny-bansal |archive-date=16 November 2018 |access-date=2018-11-16 |website=news.walmart.com |language=en}}</ref> A cewar ''jaridar Wall Street Journal,'' wani bincike da aka gudanar a Walmart ya kasa samun shaidar da za ta tabbatar da ikirarin cin zarafin mata da aka yi masa, amma ya bayyana "sauran kiraye-kiraye marasa kyau" game da yadda ya tafiyar da abin da ya kira wata yarjejeniya da wani tsohon ma'aikacin Flipkart a shekarar 2016. Bansal ya yi murabus daga ƙungiyar zartarwa a watan Janairun 2024, kuma ya janye hannun jarinsa gaba ɗaya. A shekarar da ta gabata, Bansal, tare da Excel da Tiger Global Management, sun sayar da dukkan hannun jarinsu ga Walmart, wanda hakan ya sa ya sami dala biliyan 1.5. Walmart ta sami hannun jari na kashi 77% a Flipkart akan dala biliyan 16 a watan Mayun 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-29 |title=Why Binny Bansal Left Flipkart Exploring the Move and the Rise of OppDoor |url=https://thehinduvoice.com/why-binny-bansal-left-flipkart-exploring-the-move-and-the-rise-of-oppdoor/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131030527/https://thehinduvoice.com/why-binny-bansal-left-flipkart-exploring-the-move-and-the-rise-of-oppdoor/ |archive-date=31 January 2024 |access-date=2024-01-31 |language=en-US}}</ref> === Zuba Jari === Shi babban mai zuba jari ne a kamfanin 021 Capital wanda ke mai da hankali kan zuba jari a fannonin [[Biotechnology|fasahar kere-kere]], [[Fasahar noma|noma]], da [[Yanar gizo|intanet]] . <ref name="ForbesB" /> Shi kuma mai saka hannun jari ne a kamfanoni masu tasowa kamar BrightCHAMPS, Virgio, Flash, Hire Quotient da Glints. <ref>{{Cite web |title=One-year-old ed-tech startup BrightChamps is now valued at half a billion, after $63 million round led by Premji Invests and Flipkart's Binny Bansal |url=https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/premji-invest-flipkarts-binny-bansal-lead-63-million-funding-in-brightchamps/articleshow/87580925.cms |access-date=2023-01-25 |website=Business Insider |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125080316/https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/premji-invest-flipkarts-binny-bansal-lead-63-million-funding-in-brightchamps/articleshow/87580925.cms |archive-date=2023-01-25 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ritesh Agarwal, Sachin Bansal, And Other Entrepreneurs Who Turned Angel Investors - Wearing Two Hats |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/ritesh-agarwal-sachin-bansal-and-other-entrepreneurs-who-turned-angel-investors/binny-bansal/slideshow/77407977.cms |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, ya zuba jarin dala miliyan 125 a asusun bayar da tallafi na Cibiyar Fasaha ta Indiya (IIT) Delhi . <ref name="2019:EndowmentA" /> Ya kuma taimaka wajen tallafawa kamfanoni kusan 47 a zagayen samar da kuɗi guda 64, waɗanda suka haɗa da yarjejeniyoyi 28 a matakin farko, 14 a farkon da kuma 4 a matakin ƙarshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2021 |title=Binny Bansal: India's prolific startup investor |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/multimedia/binny-bansal-indias-prolific-startup-investor/105886 |access-date=January 7, 2023 |website=Fortuneindia}}</ref> == Lambobin yabo da karramawa == A watan Satumba na 2015, Bansal tare da Sachin Bansal, an nada su a matsayin mutum na 86 mafi arziki a Indiya, tare da dukiyar da ta kai dala biliyan 1.3 a jerin masu arziki na Forbes India . A watan Afrilun 2016, an sanya sunan Sachin da Binny Bansal a cikin jerin sunayen [[Time 100|mutane 100 mafi tasiri a duniya]] na shekara-shekara na mujallar ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' . Bayan haka, ''India Today'' ta sanya shi a matsayi na 26 tare da Sachin Bansal a cikin jerin mutane 50 mafi ƙarfi a [[Indiya]] a shekarar 2017. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Bansal yana zaune a Singapore. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Binny Bansal - xto10x Technologies {{!}} LinkedIn |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/binnybansal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505201524/https://www.linkedin.com/in/binnybansal/ |archive-date=5 May 2024 |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=www.linkedin.com |language=en}}</ref> Yana da 'ya'ya maza tagwaye tare da matarsa Trisha Bansal, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Karmali |first=Naazneen |title=E-Commerce Entrepreneur Seeks To Mentor And Invest In Startups From Singapore |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/naazneenkarmali/2020/08/19/e-commerce-entrepreneur-seeks-to-mentor-and-invest-in-startups-from-singapore/ |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> mai kula da gida. == Duba kuma == * Jerin mutanen IIT Delhi == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tvqtarvye3pprijrivcga3ffkwlkyaj 0 179630 975106 969617 2026-11-02T03:54:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975106 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dam ɗin Dadin Kowa''' babban dam ne mai amfani da dama da dama da ke kan [[Kogin Gongola]] a ƙaramar hukumar Yamaltu-Deba, a Jihar Gombe, Najeriya. Ana amfani da dam ɗin wajen samar da ruwan sha, ban-ruwa ga gonaki, samar da wutar lantarki da kuma ayyukan da suka shafi kamun kifi. Hukumomin ruwa na Najeriya sun bayyana dam ɗin a matsayin muhimmin aikin samar da ruwa da inganta noma a yankin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dadin-Kowa Dam Project |url=https://ubrbda.gov.ng/dadinkowa.php |website=Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority |access-date=19 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261002043644/https://ubrbda.gov.ng/dadinkowa.php |archive-date=2 October 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Wuri da yanayin ƙasa == Dam ɗin Dadin Kowa yana arewacin ƙauyen Dadin Kowa, a ƙaramar hukumar Yamaltu-Deba ta Jihar Gombe. Yana da nisan kusan kilomita 37 zuwa 38 daga garin Gombe, a hanyar Gombe–Biu. An gina shi a kan Kogin Gongola, inda ya samar da tafkin da ake amfani da shi wajen ayyukan ruwa da noma. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dadin-Kowa Dam Project |url=https://ubrbda.gov.ng/dadinkowa.php |website=Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority |access-date=19 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261002043644/https://ubrbda.gov.ng/dadinkowa.php |archive-date=2 October 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Final Report: Dadin Kowa Dam ESMP |url=https://www.triming.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Dadin-Kowa-ESMP-draft-final-report.pdf |website=Transforming Irrigation Management in Nigeria |access-date=19 October 2026}}</ref> == Tarihi da gina dam ɗin == An fara nazarin yiwuwar gina dam ɗin a shekarar 1957, lokacin da hukumar Niger Dams Authority ta fara la'akari da yankin domin samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa. A shekarar 1976, Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority ta ɗauki matakin sake nazarin aikin tare da inganta tsare-tsaren injiniya domin a gina dam mai amfani ga fannoni da dama. An bayar da kwangilar aikin gina dam ɗin a shekarar 1980. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dadin-Kowa Dam Project |url=https://ubrbda.gov.ng/dadinkowa.php |website=Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority |access-date=19 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261002043644/https://ubrbda.gov.ng/dadinkowa.php |archive-date=2 October 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> An kammala muhimman ayyukan gina dam ɗin a ƙarshen shekarun 1980. Rahoton hukumar Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority ya nuna cewa an fara cika tafkin a shekarar 1987, sannan aka ƙaddamar da ayyukan gine-ginen dam ɗin a ranar 15 ga Yuni 1988, a lokacin mulkin soja na Janar Ibrahim Babangida. An tsara aikin tun farko ne domin samar da wutar lantarki, ban-ruwa, ruwan sha da sarrafa kwararar ruwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dadin-Kowa Dam Project |url=https://ubrbda.gov.ng/dadinkowa.php |website=Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority |access-date=19 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261002043644/https://ubrbda.gov.ng/dadinkowa.php |archive-date=2 October 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Tsarin gini da girma == Dam ɗin Dadin Kowa ya ƙunshi sassan gini guda biyu: ɓangaren dam na siminti da aka gina da hanyar roller-compacted concrete, da kuma ɓangaren shingen ƙasa. Rahoton fasaha na aikin ya bayyana cewa tsayinsa ya kai kusan mita 42, yayin da tsawon saman dam ɗin ya kai kusan mita 520. An tsara mashigar fitar da ruwa domin sarrafa yawan ruwan da ke wucewa ta dam ɗin a lokacin da ake buƙata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Final Report: Dadin Kowa Dam ESMP |url=https://www.triming.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Dadin-Kowa-ESMP-draft-final-report.pdf |website=Transforming Irrigation Management in Nigeria |access-date=19 October 2026}}</ref> Tafkin Dadin Kowa yana da faɗin kusan murabba'in kilomita 300, kuma an tsara cikakken ƙarfin ajiyar ruwansa ya kai kusan mita kubik biliyan 2.8. Sai dai adadin ruwan da za a iya amfani da shi a kowane lokaci na iya bambanta da jimillar ƙarfin ajiyar tafkin, saboda sauyin yanayi, aikin dam ɗin da kuma taruwar laka a cikin tafkin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Final Report: Dadin Kowa Dam ESMP |url=https://www.triming.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Dadin-Kowa-ESMP-draft-final-report.pdf |website=Transforming Irrigation Management in Nigeria |access-date=19 October 2026}}</ref> == Amfanin dam ɗin == === Samar da wutar lantarki === Ɗaya daga cikin manyan manufofin gina dam ɗin shi ne samar da wutar lantarki ta amfani da ƙarfin ruwan da ke gudana. An gina tashar samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin megawatt 40 a wurin dam ɗin. A ranar 22 ga Mayu 2023, an ƙaddamar da aikin samar da wutar lantarkin, wanda kamfanin Mabon Limited ya gudanar ƙarƙashin tsarin yarjejeniyar ginawa, gudanarwa da mayar da aikin ga gwamnati bayan wa'adin yarjejeniya. Rahotannin kafafen yaɗa labarai sun bayyana cewa tashar tana ba da gudummawa ga wutar lantarkin da ake shigarwa cikin babbar hanyar sadarwar lantarki ta ƙasa. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Onyedika-Ugoeze |first=Nkechi |title=FG commissions 40 megawatts hydropower project in Gombe |url=https://guardian.ng/news/fg-commissions-40-megawatts-hydropower-project-in-gombe/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=22 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Emorinken |first=Moses |title=Gombe gets 40 MW hydroelectric power plant |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/gombe-gets-40-mw-hydroelectric-power-plant/ |work=The Nation |date=22 May 2023}}</ref> === Ban-ruwa da noma === Dam ɗin yana da muhimmanci ga aikin ban-ruwa, musamman a lokacin rani lokacin da ruwan sama yake ƙaranci. An tsara aikin ne domin samar da ruwa ga filayen noma a yankin Dadin Kowa da kuma tsarin ban-ruwa na Guyuk. A cewar hukumar Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority, an gano jimillar fili mai girman kusan hekta 30,000 da za a iya yi wa ban-ruwa a cikin shirin Dadin Kowa da Guyuk, ko da yake cikakken amfani da wannan fili yana buƙatar ci gaba da gina magudanan ruwa da sauran kayayyakin more rayuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dadin-Kowa Irrigation Project |url=https://ubrbda.gov.ng/dkowairrigation.php |website=Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority |access-date=19 October 2026}}</ref> An kuma shigar da dam ɗin cikin shirin Transforming Irrigation Management in Nigeria (TRIMING), wanda aka tsara domin inganta tsarin ban-ruwa, magudanar ruwa da gudanar da albarkatun ruwa. A watan Satumba na 2024, Ma'aikatar Albarkatun Ruwa da Tsabtace Muhalli ta Tarayya ta bayyana cewa aikin dam ɗin yana taimaka wa ban-ruwa, tare da ci gaba da ƙoƙarin faɗaɗa filayen da ake noma ta hanyar amfani da ruwan dam ɗin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dadin-Kowa Dam is Secure and Fully Functional, Says Minister of Water Resources and Sanitation |url=https://fmino.gov.ng/dadin-kowa-dam-is-secure-and-fully-functional-says-minister-of-water-resources-and-sanitation/ |website=Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation |date=4 September 2024}}</ref> === Samar da ruwan sha === Dam ɗin Dadin Kowa yana daga cikin muhimman hanyoyin samar da ruwan sha ga garin Gombe da wasu al'ummomin da ke kusa. Ana ɗebo ruwa daga tafkin zuwa matatar ruwa domin tsarkake shi kafin a rarraba shi ta bututun ruwa. A baya, hukumomin ruwa sun bayyana cewa an tsara matatar ruwan domin samar da miliyoyin lita na ruwa a kowace rana, amma buƙatar jama'a, yanayin kayan aiki da matsalolin rarrabawa suna tasiri ga yawan ruwan da jama'a ke samu. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Gombe's big dive against water scarcity |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/gombes-big-dive-against-water-scarcity/ |work=The Nation}}</ref> === Kamun kifi da tattalin arziki === Tafkin Dadin Kowa yana samar da damar kamun kifi da kiwon kifi, waɗanda ke taimaka wa samar da abinci da samun kuɗin shiga. Ayyukan kamun kifi da kiwon kifi suna ba wasu mazauna yankin damar sana'a, yayin da cinikin kifin ke samar da hanyar samun kuɗi ga masu kamun kifi, masu kiwo da 'yan kasuwa. Rahoton News Agency of Nigeria da aka wallafa a jaridar The Nation ya ba da misalin wani mazaunin Dadin Kowa wanda ya samu kuɗin shiga daga kiwon kifi da sayar da ƙananan kifaye. <ref>{{Cite news |title=I made over N3m from fish farming in 2020 – 70-yr-old retiree |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/page/31421/?p=help |work=The Nation |publisher=News Agency of Nigeria}}</ref> == Gudanar da dam da tsaro == Tsaron dam yana da muhimmanci saboda yawan ruwan da yake ajiyewa da kuma amfanin da yake yi ga jama'a. A ranar 4 ga Satumba 2024, Ministan Albarkatun Ruwa da Tsabtace Muhalli na Tarayya, Joseph Terlumun Utsev, ya ziyarci dam ɗin tare da jami'an gwamnati da ƙwararrun ruwa. Ma'aikatar ta bayyana cewa ana gudanar da sa ido da duba kayan aikin dam ɗin akai-akai, tare da tabbatar da cewa manyan sassa kamar mashigar fitar da ruwa da bututun da ke kai ruwa zuwa injinan samar da lantarki suna aiki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dadin-Kowa Dam is Secure and Fully Functional, Says Minister of Water Resources and Sanitation |url=https://fmino.gov.ng/dadin-kowa-dam-is-secure-and-fully-functional-says-minister-of-water-resources-and-sanitation/ |website=Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation |date=4 September 2024}}</ref> == Kalubale da abubuwan da ake buƙatar ingantawa == Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen aikin dam ɗin shi ne yadda za a faɗaɗa amfani da ruwansa domin amfanar ƙarin manoma. Rahoton aikin ban-ruwa na Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority ya nuna cewa rashin kammala wasu magudanan ruwa da ƙarancin kuɗaɗen aiwatar da ayyuka sun hana cikakken amfani da filayen da aka tsara za a yi wa ban-ruwa. Saboda haka, kammala kayayyakin more rayuwa da inganta tsarin kula da ruwa suna da muhimmanci wajen ƙara amfanin dam ɗin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dadin-Kowa Irrigation Project |url=https://ubrbda.gov.ng/dkowairrigation.php |website=Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority |access-date=19 October 2026}}</ref> Wani muhimmin batu shi ne kiyaye lafiyar muhalli da tsaron jama'ar da ke zaune a kusa da tafkin. Canjin matakin ruwa, ambaliyar ruwa, zaizayar ƙasa da taruwar laka na iya shafar amfani da tafkin da ayyukan noma. Rahoton nazarin tasirin muhalli da zamantakewa na dam ɗin ya jaddada muhimmancin sa ido kan tsaro, sarrafa ruwa da kula da tasirin ayyukan dam ɗin ga al'ummomin da ke kewaye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Final Report: Dadin Kowa Dam ESMP |url=https://www.triming.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Dadin-Kowa-ESMP-draft-final-report.pdf |website=Transforming Irrigation Management in Nigeria |access-date=19 October 2026}}</ref> == Muhimmanci ga Jihar Gombe == Dam ɗin Dadin Kowa yana daga cikin muhimman kayayyakin more rayuwa na Jihar Gombe saboda yana haɗa fannoni da dama na ci gaba, ciki har da wutar lantarki, samar da ruwan sha, noma da kiwon kifi. Faɗaɗa amfani da dam ɗin da inganta hanyoyin rarraba ruwa da wutar lantarki na iya taimakawa wajen ƙara samar da abinci, samar da ayyukan yi da bunƙasa tattalin arzikin yankin. <ref>{{Cite news |title=FG commissions 40 megawatts hydropower project in Gombe |url=https://guardian.ng/news/fg-commissions-40-megawatts-hydropower-project-in-gombe/ |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=22 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dadin-Kowa Irrigation Project |url=https://ubrbda.gov.ng/dkowairrigation.php |website=Upper Benue River Basin Development Authority |access-date=19 October 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} pjmnazcoldbgu7s6m9iqmq24dfjmh1v 0 179772 974810 970414 2026-11-01T15:01:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ---------------->|official_name=Bunkpurugu|other_name=|native_name=<!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->|nickname=B Town|type=[[District]] Capital|motto=<!-- images and maps ----------->|image=|image_size=300px|caption=|image_flag=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_shield=|shield_size=|image_blank_emblem=|blank_emblem_type=|blank_emblem_size=|image_map=|map_size=|map_caption=|image_map1=|map_size1=|map_caption1=|image_dot_map=|dot_mapsize=|dot_map_caption=|dot_x=|dot_y=|pushpin_map=Ghana<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->|pushpin_label_position=bottom|pushpin_caption=Location of Bunkpurugu in [[North East Region, Ghana|North East region]] <!-- Location ------------------>|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name=Ghana|subdivision_type1=Region|subdivision_name1=[[North East Region, Ghana|North East region]]|subdivision_type2=District|subdivision_name2=[[Bunkpurugu Nyankpanduri District]]|subdivision_name3=|subdivision_type4=|subdivision_name4=<!-- Politics ----------------->|government_footnotes=|government_type=Monarchy|leader_title=Chief|leader_name=Alhaji Abuba Nasimong|leader_title1=DCE <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->|leader_name1=|leader_title2=|leader_name2=|leader_title3=|leader_name3=|leader_title4=|leader_name4=|established_title=<!-- Settled -->|established_date=|established_title2=<!-- Incorporated (town) -->|established_date2=|established_title3=<!-- Incorporated (city) -->|established_date3=<!-- Area --------------------->|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->|area_land_km2=<!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->|area_water_km2=|area_total_sq_mi=|area_land_sq_mi=|area_water_sq_mi=|area_water_percent=|area_urban_km2=|area_urban_sq_mi=|area_metro_km2=|area_metro_sq_mi=|area_blank1_title=|area_blank1_km2=|area_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- Population ----------------------->|population_as_of=2021|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total=—|population_density_km2=|population_density_sq_mi=|population_metro=|population_density_metro_km2=|population_density_metro_sq_mi=|population_urban=|population_density_urban_km2=|population_density_urban_sq_mi=|population_blank1_title=Ethnicities|population_blank1=|population_blank2_title=Religions|population_blank2=|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- General information --------------->|time_zone=[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]|utc_offset=|time_zone_DST=[[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]|utc_offset_DST=|coordinates={{coord|10|31|N|0|6|W|region:GH|display=inline}}|elevation_footnotes=<!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->|elevation_m=229|elevation_ft=<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->|postal_code_type=<!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->|postal_code=|area_code=|custom_label_sec1=|custom_data_sec1=|custom_label1_sec1=|custom_data1_sec1=|website=|footnotes=|name=}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Infobox settlement/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Bunkpurugu</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">Babban Birnin [[District|Gundumar]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Sunan lakabi:&nbsp;<div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">B Birni</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[File:Ghana_adm_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|338x338px|Bunkpurugu is located in Ghana]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:12.797%;left:68.627%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px">[[File:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|8x8px|Bunkpurugu]]</div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div>Bunkpurugu</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Yanayin Bunkpurugu a Yankin Arewa maso Gabas</div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Ma'auni:<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bunkpurugu&params=10_31_N_0_6_W_region:GH_type:city <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">10°31′N</span> <span class="longitude">0°6′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x68;&#x61;&#x75;&#x5F;&#x5F;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">10.517°N 0.100°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">10.517; -0.100</span></span></span>]</span></span> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |Ghana |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin | class="infobox-data" |Yankin Arewa maso Gabas |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Gundumar | class="infobox-data" |Gundumar Bunkpurugu Nyankpanduri |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Gwamnati<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Irin wannan&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |Mulkin mallaka |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Shugaba&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |Alhaji Abuba Nasimong |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Hawan sama<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> | class="infobox-data" |751 ft (229 m) &nbsp;&nbsp; |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Yawan jama'a<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2021)<span class="nowrap">&nbsp;</span></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Jimillar&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" | - |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yankin lokaci<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki> | class="infobox-data" |GMT |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">• Lokacin bazara (DST) &nbsp;&nbsp;</span> | class="infobox-data" |GMT |} '''Bunkpurugu''' ƙaramin gari ne a ƙasar Ghana, kuma shi ne hedkwatar Gundumar Bunkpurugu Nakpanduri, wadda take a Yankin Arewa maso Gabas na Ghana, kusa da iyakar ƙasar Togo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bunkpurugu Nakpanduri District Assembly |url=http://ghanadistricts.gov.gh/Home/District/121 |access-date=5 June 2021 |website=ghanadistricts.gov.gh}}</ref> A baya, garin shi ne hedkwatar Gundumar Bunkpurugu-Yunyoo<ref>{{Cite web |title=North East Region Created; Nalerigu Is Capital |url=http://presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/1076-north-east-region-created-nalerigu-is-capital |access-date=2020-08-25 |website=presidency.gov.gh |language=en-gb |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026072351/https://presidency.gov.gh/index.php/briefing-room/news-style-2/1076-north-east-region-created-nalerigu-is-capital |archive-date=2023-10-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Districts of the North East Region of Ghana}}{{Ghana district capitals|state=collapsed}}<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|10|31|N|0|06|E|region:GH_type:city}} rdcjibmhmhucp3l8jpzo85q7xro490s 0 180056 974771 971811 2026-11-01T13:20:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974771 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robert Olejnik''' (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba 1986) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na ƙasar Austria wanda ya taka leda a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|mai tsaron gida]] . Olejnik ya fito ne daga ƙungiyar matasa ta Austria Wien da [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] kuma ya buga wasa a ƙungiyar Falkirk, Torquay United, Peterborough United, Scunthorpe United, York City, Exeter City, da Mansfield Town . Ya kuma wakilci ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 ta ƙasar Austria . == Aikin kulob == === Aikin ƙuruciya === An haifi Olejnik a [[Vienna]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bobby Olejnik |url=https://www.11v11.com/players/bobby-olejnik-107944/ |access-date=6 February 2018 |website=11v11.com |publisher=AFS Enterprises}}</ref> kuma ya fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami yana bugawa Rapid Vienna wasa. Ya koma ƙungiyar matasa ta Austria Wien inda ya ci gaba da zama har zuwa shekara ta 2003 lokacin da Olejnik ya koma Ingila don shiga ƙungiyar matasa ta [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] bayan ya burge kocin mai tsaron gida Eric Steele, kafin ya sami kwangilarsa ta farko ta ƙwararru.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2018}} === Aston Villa === Olejnik ya samo asali ne daga tsarin matasan Aston Villa . Ya koma ƙungiyar League Two Lincoln City a yarjejeniyar aro har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2006-07, don taimakawa ƙungiyar The Imps wajen haɓaka ƙungiyar. A lokacin da yake can, ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar Reserve ta lashe gasar Pontin's Reserves League Cup. Sun doke Sheffield United da Blackburn Rovers a gasar Premier a kan hanya. Bayan an tashi kunnen doki 1-1 a cikin mintuna 90 da Hartlepool United, wasan ya tafi bugun fenariti . Olejnik ya ceci biyu daga cikin biyar na farko, wanda hakan ya sa suka tashi 3-3 bayan kowace ƙungiya ta sha biyar. Maki ya kai 6-6 kafin Olejnik ya ceci bugun fenariti, sannan ya ƙara ƙarfin gwiwa ya kuma ci ƙwallon da ta yi nasara.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2018}} === Falkirk === Duk da haka, a ranar 30 ga Mayu 2007, manajan Villa Martin O'Neill ya sallami Olejnik, kuma washegari ya koma kulob din Scotland Falkirk . A farkon kakar wasa, Olejnik ya zama na biyu a cikin 'yan wasan da suka fi cancanta bayan [[Tim Krul]] wanda ya buga wasanni 22. Olejnik ya fara buga wa kulob din wasa a wasan da suka doke Kilmarnock da ci 1-0 a ranar 2 ga Janairun 2008, inda ya maye gurbin Russell Latapy bayan da aka kori Krul daga wasa saboda rashin da'a. Daga baya Krul zai koma ƙungiyar iyayensa bayan ya ji rauni a kafadarsa kuma daga baya Olejnik zai zama mai tsaron gida na farko a sauran kakar wasa. Olejnik ya yi nasarar ci gaba da kasancewa a sahun farko a kungiyar a wasan da suka tashi 0-0 da [[Aberdeen F.C|Aberdeen]] a ranar 5 ga Janairun 2008.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2018}} A kakar wasa mai zuwa, Olejnik ya sami damar yin wasa a matsayin mai tsaron gida na farko. Saboda haka, wannan ya sa ƙungiyar ta sayi Scott Flinders daga Crystal Palace kuma ta maye gurbin Olejnik a matsayin mai tsaron gida na farko har sai da Olejnik ya dawo kan ganiyarsa a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Inverness Caledonian Thistle. A ƙarshen kakar wasa a ranar 11 ga Yuni 2009, Olejnik ya sanya hannu kan tsawaita zamansa a ƙungiyar na tsawon shekaru biyu, wanda hakan ya sa ya ci gaba da zama a ƙungiyar har zuwa 2011. A kakar wasa mai zuwa da Mallo ya bar Falkrik, Olejnik ya ci gaba da zama mai tsaron gida na farko da ya zaɓa, bayan ya buga dukkan wasanni 38 a gasar. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta koma matsayi na biyu bayan ta kasa doke Kilmarnock a ranar 9 ga Mayu 2010 a wasan da aka tashi kunnen doki 0-0. A lokacin kakar wasa, Olejnik ya fara buga gasar cin kofin Turai a gasar UEFA Europa League a zagaye na biyu da suka fafata da Vaduz . A zagaye na farko, Falkirk ya yi nasara da ci 1-0, wanda hakan ya bai wa Olejnik damar shiga gasar cin kofin Turai a karon farko a ranar 16 ga Yulin 2009. A zagaye na biyu a ranar 23 ga Yuli 2009, Vaduz ya rama bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida inda ya yi nasara da ci 2-0, wanda hakan ya sa Falkirk ta fice daga gasar Europa League. A wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 0-0 da [[Aberdeen F.C|Aberdeen]], Olejnik ya yi karo da abokin wasansa [[Scott Arfield]], wanda ya yi imanin bai kare kwallon da ta kai masa ba yadda ya kamata. Sakamakon haka, alkalin wasa Alan Muir ya yi rajistar 'yan wasan biyu. Bayan wasan, Olejnik ya nemi afuwa kan wani lamari da ya faru Manajan Falkirk, Steven Pressley ya tabbatar da cewa Olejnik zai bar kulob din bayan kwantiraginsa ya kare a ranar 30 ga Yuni 2011. A ƙungiyar, Olejnik ya buga wasanni sama da 100 a gasar.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2018}} === Torquay United === A ranar 1 ga Yulin 2011, Olejnik ya sanya hannu da kulob din League Two Torquay United . Olejnik ya fara buga wasa a wasan sada zumunta da suka doke Tiverton Town da ci 2-1. Ya fara wasansa na farko a gasar League Two a kakar wasa ta bana tare da Torquay, a gida da Burton Albion . Duk da cewa an zura masa kwallaye biyu, ya sami kyautar gwarzon dan wasa. A kakar wasa mai zuwa, ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar ta kafa sabon tarihi a ƙungiyar inda ta buga wasanni 20 ba tare da an zura mata kwallo a raga ba. A ranar 16 ga Fabrairu 2012, Olejnik ya sanya hannu kan tsawaita kwantiraginsa, wanda aka tsara zai ci gaba da zama a kulob din har zuwa 2014. A watan Afrilun 2012, an nada Olejnik a cikin ƙungiyar PFA ta shekara ta League Two tare da abokin wasansa Kevin Nicholson, Eunan O'Kane da Lee Mansell . === Peterborough United === [[Fayil:Bobby_Olejnik_2014-04-05_1.jpg|thumb| Olejnik yana bugawa Peterborough United wasa a shekarar 2014]] A ranar 18 ga Yuni 2012, Olejnik ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku da ƙungiyar Championship ta Peterborough United kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba. Olejnik ya maye gurbin Joe Lewis da Paul Jones, waɗanda suka tafi Cardiff City da Crawley Town bi da bi. Olejnik ya fara buga wa Peterborough United wasa a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2012, bayan da ya kasa zura kwallo a raga a wasan da suka doke Southend United da ci 4-0 a gasar cin kofin. Ya fara buga gasar Championship a karawar da suka yi da [[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] kwanaki shida bayan haka. Daga baya an ambato manaja Darren Ferguson yana cewa "Bobby kwararren mai tsaron gida ne. Ceton da ya yi a rabin farko abin birgewa ne, amma kuma yana ba mu wani abu da ba mu samu daga masu tsaron gidanmu ba a cikin 'yan shekarun nan kuma wannan kyakkyawan ƙwarewar sadarwa ne". Olejnik yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan Posh a lokacin kakar wasa ta 2012-13, inda ya yi tseratar da kwallaye 275, mafi yawa daga cikinsu daga kowane mai tsaron gida ne a gasar Championship. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 September 2016 |title=Peterborough United FC Player Profiles |url=http://www.theposh.com/team/player-profile/index.aspx#MS4ObpJqQsEy3cOQ.99 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220082052/http://www.theposh.com/team/player-profile/index.aspx#MS4ObpJqQsEy3cOQ.99 |archive-date=20 December 2016 |access-date=6 December 2016 |website=Theposh.com}}</ref> A ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2013–14 ya sami kyautar ɗan wasan ƙungiyar na shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2014 |title=Bobby Olejnik Scoops Foreverposh Player of the Year |url=http://www.theposh.com/news/article/20140430-olejnik-scoops-player-of-the-year-1519152.aspx |access-date=6 December 2016 |website=Theposh.com}}</ref> A lokacin zagaye na farko na wasan kusa da na karshe na League One na 2013–14 da Leyton Orient, an ba shi kyautar gwarzon wasa saboda rawar da ya taka wadda ta taimaka wa Peterborough ta yi canjaras 1-1. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Posh player ratings: The O's are thwarted by Bobby O - Peterborough Telegraph |url=http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/sport/football/peterborough-united/posh-player-ratings-the-o-s-are-thwarted-by-bobby-o-1-6051592 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512220433/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/sport/football/peterborough-united/posh-player-ratings-the-o-s-are-thwarted-by-bobby-o-1-6051592 |archive-date=12 May 2014 |access-date=12 May 2014}}</ref> Duk da haka, a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2013-14, abin da ya ba magoya baya mamaki, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alan Swann Email |date=14 May 2014 |title=Posh retained list: Olejnik available for transfer, Alcock to leave, but Little and Swanson can stay – Peterborough Telegraph |url=http://m.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/sport/football/peterborough-united/posh-retained-list-olejnik-available-for-transfer-alcock-to-leave-but-little-and-swanson-can-stay-1-6060068 |access-date=6 December 2016 |website=M.peterboroughtoday.co.uk}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An gaya wa Olejnik cewa ba za a ba shi sabuwar kwangila ba kuma za a sanya shi cikin jerin 'yan wasa da za su canja sheka. Ya ci kwallaye 22 ba tare da an zura masa kwallo a raga ba a lokacin kamfen, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2014 |title=Peterborough United: Tommy Rowe among five released |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/27422335 |access-date=6 December 2016 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> wanda hakan ya yi daidai da tarihin kulob din. A ranar 19 ga Yulin 2014, Olejnik ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar aro na gaggawa na kwanaki 28 tare da Scunthorpe United kuma ya fara buga wasa a wasan da za su yi da Fleetwood Town a ranar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 August 2014 |title=Bobby Olejnik: Scunthorpe sign Peterborough goalkeeper on loan |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/28854266 |access-date=6 December 2016 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Satumba Scunthorpe ya tsawaita aronsa har zuwa Janairu 2015. Olejnik ya koma League Two York City a matsayin aro har zuwa karshen kakar wasa ta 2014-15 a ranar 5 ga Janairun 2015, inda ya sake haduwa da kocinsa Russ Wilcox, wanda ya sanya hannu a Scunthorpe. Ya sami kyautar ɗan wasan ƙungiyar na watan Janairun 2015, watansa na farko da ya yi tare da ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dave Flett |date=6 February 2015 |title=Loan ace Bobby Olejnik hails York City's 'awesome' support (From York Press) |url=http://m.yorkpress.co.uk/sport/11777935.Loan_ace_Bobby_Olejnik_hails_York_City_s__awesome__support/ |access-date=6 December 2016 |website=M.yorkpress.co.uk}}</ref> === Birnin Exeter === Olejnik ya rattaba hannu a kulob din League Two Exeter City a ranar 2 ga Yuni 2015 bayan da kwantiraginsa da Peterborough ya kare. Exeter ya sake shi a ƙarshen 2016–17, duk da cewa ƙungiyar tana fatan samun damar ba shi sabuwar kwangila. === Garin Mansfield === A ranar 8 ga Yuni 2017, Olejnik ya rattaba hannu a kulob din League Two na Mansfield Town . Mansfield ta sake shi a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2019-20 . === Ritaya === A watan Yulin 2020, Olejnik ya sanar da yin ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru, da nufin mai da hankali kan aiki a ɓangaren [[fasaha]], ya danganta matakin aikin a wani ɓangare da [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19 ta haifar]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Oliver |first=David |date=9 July 2020 |title=Former Falkirk goalkeeper Olejnik quits football for new career |url=https://www.falkirkherald.co.uk/sport/football/former-falkirk-goalkeeper-olejnik-quits-football-new-career-2908200 |access-date=16 October 2020 |website=[[Falkirk Herald]]}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == An kuma gayyaci Olejnik cikin tawagar ' yan kasa da shekaru 21 ta Austria don buga wasa da 'yan kasa da shekaru 21 na Italiya a karshen watan Agusta na 2006.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2015}} == Ƙididdigar aiki == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[Scottish Cup]], [[FA Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[Scottish League Cup]], [[EFL Cup|League/EFL Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- |[[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] |2006–07 |[[Premier League]] |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |- |Lincoln City (loan) |[[2006–07 Lincoln City F.C. season|2006–07]]<ref name="sb0607" /> |League Two |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |- | rowspan="5" |Falkirk |2007–08 |Scottish Premier League |13 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |14 |0 |- |2008–09 |Scottish Premier League |15 |0 |1 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |18 |0 |- |2009–10 |Scottish Premier League |38 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa League]]}} |0 |42 |0 |- |2010–11 |Scottish First Division |36 |0 |2 |0 |3 |0 |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Scottish Challenge Cup]]}} |0 |42 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !102 !0 !5 !0 !6 !0 !3 !0 !116 !0 |- |Torquay United |2011–12 |League Two |46 |0 |2 |0 |1 |0 |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[EFL League Two play-offs|League Two play-offs]]}} |0 |51 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |Peterborough United |2012–13 |Championship |46 |0 |1 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |49 |0 |- |2013–14 |League One |42 |0 |4 |0 |3 |0 |8{{Efn|Six appearances in [[Football League Trophy]], two in [[EFL League One play-offs|League One play-offs]]}} |0 |57 |0 |- |2014–15 |League One |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !88 !0 !5 !0 !5 !0 !8 !0 !106 !0 |- |Scunthorpe United (loan) |2014–15<ref name="sb1415" /> |League One |13 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |2{{Efn|Appearance(s) in Football League Trophy}} |0 |16 |0 |- |York City (loan) |2014–15<ref name="sb1415" /> |League Two |16 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |16 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |Exeter City |2015–16 |League Two |45 |0 |4 |0 |2 |0 |2[g] |0 |53 |0 |- |2016–17 |League Two |18 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |3{{Efn|One appearance in [[EFL Trophy]], two in League Two play-offs}} |0 |23 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !63 !0 !5 !0 !3 !0 !5 !0 !76 !0 |- | rowspan="4" |Mansfield Town |2017–18 |League Two |1 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |4{{Efn|Appearances in EFL Trophy}} |0 |6 |0 |- |2018–19 |League Two |17 |0 |2 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 |21 |0 |- |2019–20 |League Two |11 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |3[i] |0 |14 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !29 !0 !2 !0 !3 !0 !7 !0 !41 !0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !357 !0 !19 !0 !19 !0 !27 !0 !422 !0 |} {{Notelist}} == Daraja == '''Peterborough United''' * Kofin Gasar Kwallon Kafa : 2013–14 '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar PFA ta Shekara : 2011–12 League Two * Ɗan wasan shekara na Peterborough United : 2013–14 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Posh awards: Bobby and Britt win top honours - Peterborough Telegraph |url=http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/sport/football/peterborough-united/posh-awards-bobby-and-britt-win-top-honours-1-6030780 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502001238/http://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/sport/football/peterborough-united/posh-awards-bobby-and-britt-win-top-honours-1-6030780 |archive-date=2 May 2014 |access-date=1 May 2014}}</ref> == Manzarta == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Archived [https://www.mansfieldtown.net/teams/first-team/goalkeeper/bobby-olejnik/ bayanin martaba] a a shafin yanar gizo na Mansfield Town FC * Bobby Olejnik [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] s6wksx4jyiy644oxa31cyternouz1ke 0 180113 975094 972160 2026-11-02T02:50:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist|website=}}{{Databox}} '''Bobai Balat''', wanda aka fi sani da sunansa na mataki '''Bally B'''., dan wasan disc ne na Najeriya, mai shirya rikodin, mai zane-zane, <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2017 |title=BALLY FORMER BIG BROTHER NAIJA HOUSEMATE GETS IMMEDIATE REQUEST TO BE A DJ AND HOST A WEDDING |url=http://olorisupergal.com/2017/04/04/bally-former-big-brother-naija-housemate-gets-immediate-request-dj-host-wedding/ |access-date=4 April 2017 |publisher=Olorisupergal}}</ref> kuma mai Talabijin na gaskiya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 April 2017 |title=Housemate Bally's Interview that Got TBoss' Fans Upset |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/04/watch-former-bbnaija-housemate-ballys-interview-that-got-tboss-fans-upset/ |access-date=7 April 2017 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> Ya sami shahara a matsayin daya daga cikin abokan gida na Big Brother Naija 2017 reality game show, wani yanki na Najeriya na wasan kwaikwayo na Dutch Big Brother .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Housemate Bally Declares Support For Efe with a Customized T-shirt |url=http://akpraise.com/bbnaija-former-housemate-bally-declares-support-for-efe-with-a-customized-t-shirt-photos/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405223028/http://akpraise.com/bbnaija-former-housemate-bally-declares-support-for-efe-with-a-customized-t-shirt-photos/ |archive-date=5 April 2017 |access-date=5 April 2017 |publisher=Akpraise}}</ref> Daga cikin sauran ayyukan, ya yi aiki a matsayin malamin makaranta a [[Lagos (jiha)|Legas]] da kuma mai lissafi ga Gwamnatin Tarayya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 April 2017 |title=I was victimized by Bisola in the BBN house' – Bally speaks to Linda Ikeji TV |url=http://www.lindaikejisblog.com/2017/04/i-was-victimized-by-bisola-in-bbn-house.html |access-date=7 April 2017 |publisher=linda Ikeji}}</ref> Shi baritone ne, wanda aka fi sani da '''Baritone Bally''' a cikin Big Brother Naija .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Don Jazzy, Others React To Bisola And Bally's Passionate Love Session |url=http://gistreel.com/2017/03/12/bbnaija-don-jazzy-others-react-to-bisola-and-ballys-passionate-love-session/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313023402/http://gistreel.com/2017/03/12/bbnaija-don-jazzy-others-react-to-bisola-and-ballys-passionate-love-session/ |archive-date=13 March 2017 |access-date=12 March 2017 |publisher=gistreel}}</ref> A cikin 2015, Balat ya kirkiro wani remix na lantarki na Afro-infused zuwa waƙar [[Rihanna]] mai suna FourFiveSeconds, wanda ya kawo karɓar masana'antu kuma ya haifar da wani ɓangaren mash-up a gidan rediyo na [[Lagos (jiha)|Legas]] City, The Beat 99.9 FM.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigerians React to Bally's Eviction after moving from having Highest vote to the lowest vote |url=http://www.musbizusblog.com/2017/04/bbnaija-nigerians-react-ballys-eviction-moving-highest-vote-lowest-vote/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403103955/http://www.musbizusblog.com/2017/04/bbnaija-nigerians-react-ballys-eviction-moving-highest-vote-lowest-vote/ |archive-date=3 April 2017 |access-date=2 April 2017 |publisher=musbizusnlog}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bisola Confesses Her Affection For Bally During The Live Shows |url=http://www.informationng.com/2017/03/bbnaija-bisola-confesses-affection-bally-live-shows.html/ |publisher=information ng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Fading From The Spotlight: BBNaija's Bally Has Been Too Quiet Lately |url=http://livebip.com/Entertainment/Celebrities/Fading-from-the-spotlight-BBNaija-s-Bally-has-been-too-quiet-lately-108387.html/ |publisher=livebip}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == Girma a cikin iyali tare da 'yan uwan 3 masu son kiɗa sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kirkirar sha'awar kiɗa da salon sa. Ya shafe mafi yawan shekarunsa na balaga a [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] kafin ya koma babban birnin Najeriya, [[Abuja]] yana da shekaru 10, inda ya sami karatun sakandare a [[Kwalejin Loyola Jesuit|Kwalejin Jesuit ta Loyola]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=DJ Bally - Bobai Balat biography, net worth, age, family, contact & picture |url=https://www.manpower.com.ng/people/16374/bobai-balat |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=www.manpower.com.ng}}</ref> Ya fara karatunsa na jami'a a shekara ta 2006 a ''Jami'ar Purdue'', ya yi karatu a can na tsawon shekaru biyu kafin ya koma [[Jami'ar American University of Nigeria|Jami'ar Amurka ta Najeriya]] saboda dalilai na kansa. Koyaya, yayin da yake a Jami'ar Purdue ne ƙaunar Balat ga samar da kiɗa da wasan kwaikwayo ta fara bayan ya yi abota da ɗan'uwansa na Najeriya a makarantarsa. Abokinsa rapper ya gabatar da shi ga sanannen software na samar da FL Studio, kuma Balat ya fara gwada hannunsa a samar da kiɗa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive Photos From Big Brother Naija Finale Black Carpet #BBNaijaFinale |url=http://www.theinfong.com/2017/04/exclusive-photos-big-brother-naija-finale-black-carpet-bbnaijafinale/ |access-date=6 April 2017 |publisher=theinfong |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422075619/http://www.theinfong.com/2017/04/exclusive-photos-big-brother-naija-finale-black-carpet-bbnaijafinale/ |archive-date=22 April 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Daga nan sai ya yanke shawarar ba da kansa ga wasan kwaikwayo a wurare daban-daban na nishaɗi a yankin [[Chicago]], inda ya zama sananne da kasancewa mai wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma kara amincewarsa a bayan masu juyawa. Bayan ya koma [[Jami'ar American University of Nigeria|Jami'ar Amurka ta Najeriya]], Balat ya yanke shawarar ɗaukar sha'awarsa ga kiɗa har ma da ƙari, ya zama sanannen DJ ba kawai a cikin Jami'ar ba har ma da kewayen gari.<ref>{{Cite web |title=7 Things You Probably Didn't Know About BB Naija Housemate, Bally |url=http://stargist.com/entertainment/nigerian_celebrity/about-bally-balat-bally-balat-profile-bally-balat-wikipedia-bally-balat-biography/ |publisher=stargist}}</ref> Har ila yau, shi ne kawai wanda ke da ɗakin karatu na kiɗa a cikin ɗakinsa a makaranta, saboda haka yana da iko duk samar da kiɗa da injiniya da ɗalibai suka yi a harabar yayin da a lokaci guda ke tara kuɗi don ba shi damar siyan ƙarin kayan aiki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bally Balat Evicted From Big Brother Naija House, Leaving Efe As "Last Man" Standing |url=https://buzznigeria.com/bally-balat-evicted-bbnaija/ |access-date=2 April 2017 |publisher=buzznigeria}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2017 |title=Top 5 Shocking Facts You Probably Didn ' t Know About The Newly Evicted Housemate, Bally |url=http://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/entertainment/bbnaija-top-5-shocking-facts-probably-didnt-know-newly-evicted-housemate-bally/ |publisher=naijaloaded |access-date=26 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506191040/https://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/entertainment/bbnaija-top-5-shocking-facts-probably-didnt-know-newly-evicted-housemate-bally |archive-date=6 May 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Yayin da yake girma, Balat ya saba sauraron tarin faifan waƙoƙi daban-daban na babban ɗan'uwansa, tun daga waƙoƙin hip-hop da R&B masu daɗin sauraro na shekarun 1980 zuwa salon waƙoƙin Makossa masu saurin kaɗe-kaɗe. Haka kuma, sha'awar Balat ga sautin kiɗan lantarki da ake samarwa da na'urorin haɗa sauti (synthesizers) a Turai a wancan lokaci, ta taimaka wajen samar masa da tasirin kiɗa iri-iri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHECK OUT BIG BROTHER NAIJA HOUSEMATE, BALLY BALLAT'S FAMILY, HIS LATE FATHER WAS A SENATOR OF THE FED REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA. |url=http://www.fabmimi.com/2017/02/check-out-big-brother-naija-housemate.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170311092204/http://www.fabmimi.com/2017/02/check-out-big-brother-naija-housemate.html |archive-date=11 March 2017 |access-date=20 February 2017 |publisher=fabmini}}</ref> A yau, wannan bambancin tasirin nau'o'in kiɗa yana bayyana a cikin shirye-shiryen waƙoƙin da yake gabatarwa, inda Balat ke haɗawa da sauyawa tsakanin nau'o'in kiɗa daban-daban, tun daga Afrobeats na zamani zuwa kiɗan rawa na lantarki, hip-hop da trap.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bally Balat Biography (Big Brother Naija) Age & Net Worth |url=http://nigerianinfobox.com.ng/bally-balat-biography-big-brother-naija-age-net-worth/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228063441/http://nigerianinfobox.com.ng/bally-balat-biography-big-brother-naija-age-net-worth/ |archive-date=28 February 2017 |access-date=27 February 2017 |publisher=daily post newspaper}}</ref> === Ayyukan kiɗa === A lokacin da ya tashi zuwa shahara, <ref>{{Cite web |title=2 lessons you need to learn from Bally's eviction |url=http://www.galaxytvonline.com/entertainment/x-lessons-you-need-to-learn-from-ballys-e/ |access-date=2 April 2017 |publisher=Galaxy TV}}</ref> Balat ya zama mai alaƙa da babban lakabin rikodin a cikin masana'antar kiɗa [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], Aristokrat Records, lakabin da ke da alhakin kawo mawaƙa-marubucin Burna Boy zuwa haskakawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=#TEAMBALLYBBNAIJA HITS KADUNA WITH MASSIVE SUPPORT FOR BALLY |url=http://www.keaadamsblog.com/2017/04/teamballybbnaija-hits-kaduna-with.html |publisher=keaadamsblog}}</ref> Tare, Balat da lakabin sun samar da nasarori da yawa na Afro-infused remixes da mash-ups zuwa shahararrun ƙasashen duniya. Ya fito da wata waka mai suna "Ali" (2015), tare da abokin aiki na MoJeed da kuma sanannen rapper na Abuja Sute . <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2017 |title=I have no feelings for Bisola, she victimized me – Bally reveals |url=https://www.naija.fm/naija-gist/bally-of-big-brother-naija-says-he-has-no-feelings-for-bisola/ |publisher=Naija fm}}</ref> Bally misali ne na sabon nau'in DJs da ke fitowa daga Afirka, wanda ke zurfafawa sosai cikin samarwa da injiniya na mash-ups, remixes, da waƙoƙi na asali galibi a cikin nau'in EDM, yayin da yake shigar da abubuwa na [[Afrobeats]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2017 |title=Bisola Is Not A Graduate, Bally's Girlfriend Was Upset He Kissed Housemates, more |url=http://www.takemetonaija.com/2017/04/bbnaija-revelations-bisola-is-not.html |access-date=9 April 2017 |publisher=takemetonaija}}</ref> === DJ da aikin samarwa === Bally ya fara tafiyarsa ta kiɗa yayin da yake makarantar sakandare, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Did you know that BB Naija housemate Bally is the son of a former senator? |url=http://www.daminaj.com/2017/03/did-you-know-that-bb-naija-housemate.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012045036/http://www.daminaj.com/2017/03/did-you-know-that-bb-naija-housemate.html |archive-date=12 October 2017 |access-date=22 March 2017 |publisher=daminaj}}</ref> ƙirƙirar jerin waƙoƙi da shirya kiɗa don manyan abubuwan zamantakewa da jam'iyyun. Ya, duk da haka, ya sayi saiti na farko kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin mai kunnawa yayin da yake Jami'ar Purdue. Tare da abokan gidansa, ya zama sananne don shirya jam'iyyun da ke kewaye da harabar a matsayin mai ba da faifai don haɗin ɗalibai masu sha'awar kiɗa daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaduna Airport Grounded As Rainstorm Destroys Communication Facility |url=http://newsinvestigatorsng.com/breaking-kaduna-airport-grounded-as-rainstorm-destroys-communication-facility/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102190014/https://newsinvestigatorsng.com/breaking-kaduna-airport-grounded-as-rainstorm-destroys-communication-facility/ |archive-date=2 November 2021 |access-date=27 April 2017 |publisher=newsinvestigators}}</ref> Tun daga wannan lokacin, Balat ya gudanar da wuraren zama da yawa a duniya, ya kafa DJ na Grotto Fashion Club a [[Abuja]], [[Najeriya]], kuma ya ci gaba zuwa zama a Gatecrasher Club a [[Nottingham]], yayin da yake yawon shakatawa a Burtaniya kuma yana wasa daban-daban. An kuma kira shi ya yi wasa tare da wasu manyan sunayen a cikin kiɗa na [[Afrobeats]] a yau. A cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, yana mai da hankali ga zama mai samar da rikodin, yana fitar da ayyukan kiɗa da yawa a hanya. Manufarsa ita ce ta jagoranci ƙungiyar EDM a Afirka yayin yada nau'in kiɗa na [[Afrobeats]] ga sauran duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=DJ Bally, DJ Ruud & More Turn Up at The Grill at the Pent Lagos' Culture Themed Party |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/04/bbnaijas-dj-bally-dj-ruud-more-turn-up-at-the-grill-at-the-pent-lagos-culture-themed-party-see-photos/ |access-date=25 April 2017 |publisher=bella naija}}</ref> Sabili da haka, mash-ups da remixes sun ba da sauti da murya na Afirka na zamani tare da sautunan sauti na kiɗa na lantarki, suna samar da nau'in kiɗa wanda ba a jin sa a waje da Afirka. Ayyukansa, kodayake an tsara su ne ga wasu nau'ikan, sun kasance masu gwaji sosai, suna tunatar da farkon Diplo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=My girlfriend was mad at me for kissing housemates – Bally |url=https://breaking.com.ng/nigeria/big-brother-naija-my-girlfriend-was-mad-at-me-for-kissing-housemates-bally-video/ |access-date=7 April 2017 |publisher=breaking}}</ref> Jerin mash-up dinsa "Mash-Up Mondays," inda ya saki sabon mash-up a kowane Litinin, a halin yanzu ana shirya shi a tashar rediyo ta Beat 99.9 FM a lokacin shirin Morning Rush . <ref>{{Cite web |title=My girlfriend was mad at me for kissing housemates – Bally |url=https://breaking.com.ng/nigeria/big-brother-naija-my-girlfriend-was-mad-at-me-for-kissing-housemates-bally-video/ |access-date=7 April 2017 |publisher=newsinvestigators}}</ref> A watan Mayu na shekarar 2025, Balat ya kasance cikin kwamitin alkalai na duniya na rukunin abubuwan da masu ƙirƙirar abun ciki (Creator Content) suka samar, a bikin bayar da kyaututtukan D&AD na shekarar 2025 da aka gudanar a Landan. Ta haka, ya zama ɗan Afirka kaɗai da ya wakilci nahiyar a kwamitin alkalai na farko da aka kafa domin wannan rukuni.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fadenipo |first=Oluwafunmilayo |date=27 May 2025 |title=TIMA Founder Bobai Bally Balat Joins Global Jury for Creator Content at 2025 D&AD Awards |url=https://tima.agency/tima-founder-bobai-bally-balat-joins-global-jury-for-creator-content-at-2025-dad-awards/ |access-date=7 February 2026 |website=TIMA}}</ref> === Yin wasan kwaikwayo === Balat ya shiga cikin kiɗa da fim kusan a lokaci guda yayin da yake makarantar sakandare kuma ya shiga cikin wasanni da wasan kwaikwayo daban-daban a harabar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2023 |title=DJ Bally – Ali ft. Mojeed & Sute |url=http://tooxclusive.com/download-mp3/dj-bally-ali-ft-mojeed-sute/ |publisher=Tooxclusive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=JamRock Is Back with a Bang!! BBNaija Housemate, DJ Bally, Others, Set To Shut Down Abuja. Do Not Miss Out!! |url=http://www.post-nigeria.com/attention-jamrock-is-back-with-a-bang-bbnaija-housemate-dj-bally-others-set-to-shut-down-abuja-do-not-miss-out/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422141423/http://www.post-nigeria.com/attention-jamrock-is-back-with-a-bang-bbnaija-housemate-dj-bally-others-set-to-shut-down-abuja-do-not-miss-out/ |archive-date=22 April 2017 |access-date=21 April 2017 |publisher=Post nigeria}}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunsa na sakandare, ya koma [[Najeriya]] kuma ya shiga Royal Arts Academy, Surulere, don samun horo na yau da kullun a wasan kwaikwayo da fim.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2015 |title=DJ Bally – 'Trap Queen' (AfroTronic remix) ft. Bobby Combz |url=http://pulse.ng/new_music/new-music-dj-bally-trap-queen-afrotronic-remix-ft-bobby-combz-id3968423.html/ |publisher=pulse ng |access-date=26 October 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160901195729/http://pulse.ng/new_music/new-music-dj-bally-trap-queen-afrotronic-remix-ft-bobby-combz-id3968423.html |archive-date=1 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Tare da jerin gajerun fina-finai a ƙarƙashin belinsa, gami da The Art of Deceit na Cynthia Toyo (2008), Baby Mama na Kudus da kuma wasu bayyanar TV da ke karɓar bakuncin The Late Show a kan COOL TV. === Babban Ɗan'uwa Naija === A cikin 2017, ya shiga a matsayin daya daga cikin abokan gida 14 a karo na biyu na shahararren wasan kwaikwayo na gaskiya Big Brother Naija 2017 (wanda aka fi sani da Big Brother Nigeria), ya kammala a matsayin mai cin gaba na 5. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bally Roots For Efe And Talks About 'his Relationship With Bisola' In The Big Brother Naija |url=http://bigbrothernaija.ng/3067/bally-roots-efe-talks-relationship-bisola-big-brother-naija/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006030840/http://bigbrothernaija.ng/3067/bally-roots-efe-talks-relationship-bisola-big-brother-naija/ |archive-date=6 October 2017 |access-date=2 April 2017 |publisher=newsghana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 2017 |title=All the housemates you might soon find in the music industry |url=http://pulse.ng/buzz/big-brother-naija-all-the-housemates-you-might-soon-find-in-the-music-industry-id6507831.html/ |access-date=10 April 2017 |publisher=pulse ng}}</ref> Babban darajar wasan kwaikwayon da kuma shahararren shahararren ya haifar da Balat, tare da sauran abokan hamayyarsa a cikin sunayen gida a Najeriya, ya zama sananne a cikin kafofin watsa labarai da kafofin watsa labarai na gargajiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bally Exits Big Brother Naija Show As The Top 5 Are Revealed |url=http://bigbrothernaija.ng/2917/breaking-bally-exits-big-brother-naija-show-top-5-revealed/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005213620/http://bigbrothernaija.ng/2917/breaking-bally-exits-big-brother-naija-show-top-5-revealed/ |archive-date=5 October 2017 |access-date=2 April 2017 |publisher=big brother naija}}</ref> Nunin ya kuma ba Balat damar gano sabon baiwa da ba a sani ba a baya, muryarsa ta baritone. Muryarsa, tare da idanunsa da bayyanarsa, sun sa ya shahara a tsakanin magoya bayan mata. Bayan ya tsira makonni 9 ba tare da ya kasance a kan gabatarwa ba, an kore shi a cikin mako 10, mako guda yana jin kunya daga babban karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Erigga And Big Brother Naija's DJ Bally This Thursday |url=http://www.exclusivepp.com.ng/erigga-big-brother-naijas-dj-bally-thursday/ |publisher=exclusivepp}}</ref> === Bally Rally Movement === Bally Rally Movement ya fara ne a shekarar 2017 yayin da Balat ke cikin Big Brother House. Sunan ne da magoya bayansa suka kirkira don nuna goyon baya da motsi a bayansa. Koyaya, bayan an kore shi daga gidan, sai ya fito don shiga kamfen ɗin kuma ya sake shi a cikin hanyar zamantakewa don inganta zaman lafiya da karfafa matasa ta hanyar kiɗa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DJ Bally to release his Afrotronic remix to Four Five Seconds |url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/dj-bally-to-release-his-afrotronic-remix-to-four-five-seconds/amp/ |access-date=11 March 2017 |publisher=newsghana}}</ref> An raba ƙungiyar Bally Rally zuwa matakai biyu: "Bally Rally Outreach" da "Bally rally Party". Wadannan shirye-shiryen biyu suna gudana a birane daban-daban a Najeriya a cikin kwanaki biyu. Bally Rally Outreach ya ƙunshi tafiye-tafiye masu taken sadaka zuwa yankuna da cibiyoyin da ke da ƙarancin dama, kamar marayu da sansanonin IDP, don samar da taimako da tallafi a matsayin hanyar ba da gudummawa ga al'umma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bally is rooting for Efe, talks 'relationship with Bisola,' life after reality show. |url=http://www.jadonmusic.com.ng/2017/04/big-brother-naija-bally-is-rooting-for.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517231632/http://www.jadonmusic.com.ng/2017/04/big-brother-naija-bally-is-rooting-for.html |archive-date=17 May 2017 |access-date=5 April 2017 |publisher=jadonmusic}}</ref> Bally Rally Party, a gefe guda, yana faruwa a rana mai zuwa kuma ya ƙunshi ƙaramin wasan kwaikwayo da kide-kide na kiɗa wanda ke nuna wasanni da yawa, abinci, abin sha, tallace-tallace na kaya, da wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa daga masu fasaha da DJs iri ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=I will concentrate on DJ services- Bally |url=http://espinews.com.ng/big-brother-naija-will-concentrate-dj-services-bally/ |access-date=3 April 2017 |publisher=mp3hug}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka yi == === Haɗuwa === * Abincin dare da kayan lambu <small>(2015)</small> * Bally's Classic Hit-List, Vol. 1 <small>(2015)</small> * Rediyon Ballystic <small> (The Prequel 1 & 2) (2014-2011) </small> * Ƙungiyar Ƙarshe <small>(2011)</small> * TGIF Naija Edition <small>(2011)</small> * Jima'i Waƙoƙi Vols. 1 & 2 <small>(2011–2012)</small> === Rubuce-rubucen hukuma === * Mafi Girma Mafi Kyawu (Bally Twerk Remix) Pucado <small>(2014)</small> * Don Ni (Bally Dance Remix), Tolumide <small>(2012)</small> === Bootleg (Ba bisa ka'ida ba) Remixes === * Ya sami shi (Afrotronic Remix) The Weekend (2015) * FourFiveSeconds (Afrotronic Remix) Rihanna (2015) * Kira Ni Wataƙila (Afrobeat Remix) Carly Rae Jepsen (2012) === MashUps === MashUp Litinin a kan Beat 99.9fm (2014-yanzu) * Lokaci na (Bally Trippy MashUp) * Addu'a ga Allah (Bally Hideaway MashUp) * Jahannama ta Dare (Bally Spin MashUp) * Shake Body (Bally U & Me MashUp) * Skibo (Bally Shake MashUp) * Johnny (Bally Sexy Waist MashUp) * The Kick (Bally Epic MashUp) * Da kansa (Bally Payback MashUp) * Youngi Olowo (Bally Bounce MashUp) * Me ya sa kake son ni (Bally Blow MashUp) === Waƙoƙi na asali === * Ali ft. MoJeed & Sute <small>(2015)</small> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin DJs na Najeriya == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] e2cd0wt80co04j1x5adfdelr8kqgyel 0 180147 975095 972199 2026-11-02T02:51:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Derin Phillips''', wanda aka fi sani da DJ Caise (ana furta sunan ne kamar “Case”), mai zaɓe da kunna waƙoƙi ne (DJ) ɗan ƙasar Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DJ Caise |url=http://notjustok.com/artists/dj-caise/ |access-date=9 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160902221734/http://notjustok.com/artists/dj-caise/ |archive-date=2 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwa da aikin kiɗa == Kakan mahaifiyarsa, marigayi Cif Antonio Deinde Fernandez,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bodunrin |first1=Sola |title=Chocolate City DJ Loses Billionaire Grandfather |url=https://www.naij.com/537759-chocolate-city-dj-loses-billionaire-grandfather.html |accessdate=9 September 2016 |work=www.naij.com}}</ref> ya kasance dan kasuwa ne na Najeriya, diflomasiyya kuma wakilin dindindin na Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] . Mahaifiyarsa ita ce Cif Teju Phillips, tsohuwar kwamishinan [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] . Caise interest in music started during his time at University of Reading. Caise was on "BBC Radio 1Xtra" with Mista Silva, C4 Pedro and Big Nelo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mista Silva, DJ Caise, C4 Pedro & Big Nelo!, DJ Edu - Destination Africa - BBC Radio 1Xtra |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b044j1wj |access-date=9 September 2016 |website=BBC}}</ref> DJ Caise got signed to Chocolate City in 2011.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2020}} Caise<ref>{{Cite web |title=DJ Caise - The Beat 99.9 FM |url=https://www.thebeat99.com/profile/dj-caise |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160906063245/http://www.thebeat99.com/profile/dj-caise |archive-date=6 September 2016 |access-date=9 September 2016 |website=www.thebeat99.com}}</ref> is best known for hosting ''DJ Caise In The Mix'', which has been held every friday night on The Beat 99.9 FM.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DJ Caise In The Mix - The Beat 99.9 FM |url=https://www.thebeat99.com/show/dj-caise-mix |access-date=9 September 2016 |website=www.thebeat99.com}}</ref> Ya yi karatu a Jami’ar Reading, inda ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin kuɗi, da kuma digiri na farko a fannin tattalin arziki. Ya kuma yi karatu a Kwalejin Kiɗa ta Point Blank da ke Hoxton, Arewacin Landan, da kuma Los Angeles.<ref>{{cite news |date=20 September 2015 |title=Derin Phillips' loss |url=http://www.newsheadlines.com.ng/latest-punch-newspapers/2015/09/20/derin-phillips-loss/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160831175258/http://www.newsheadlines.com.ng/latest-punch-newspapers/2015/09/20/derin-phillips-loss/ |archive-date=31 August 2016 |accessdate=9 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=11 June 2016 |title=Beat FM's DJ Caise |url=http://newtelegraphonline.com/beat-fms-dj-caise/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920063347/http://newtelegraphonline.com/beat-fms-dj-caise/ |archive-date=20 September 2016 |accessdate=9 September 2016}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 2015, DJ Caise ya ba da sanarwar sakin kundi na farko a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2016. A watan Agustan 2016, an gabatar da DJ Caise a cikin Blanck Magazine . <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2016 |title=J Caise for Blanck Magazine August 2016 |url=https://www.behance.net/gallery/41190285/Night-Nurse-DJ-Caise-for-Blanck-Magazine-August-2016 |access-date=9 September 2016 |website=www.behance.net}}</ref> A cikin 2018, Caise ta auri Xerona Duke, 'yar fari ta [[Donald Duke|Donald]] da Onari Duke. Mahaifinta shi ne tsohon gwamnan [[Cross River|Jihar Cross River]], kuma mahaifiyarta ta kasance daga dangin aristocratic Bob-Manuel na [[Abonnema]], Jihar Rivers . <ref> {{Cite web |title=Teju Phillips' son Derin set to wed Donald Duke's daughter Xerona |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/high-society/teju-phillipss-son-derin-set-to-wed-donald-dukes-daughter-xerona/ |access-date=November 2, 2025 |website=guardian.ng}} </ref> == Tafiya == A cikin 2011, yawon shakatawa na kulob din Hennessy ya tashi tare da irin su Praiz, DJ Caise, [[Spinall|DJ Spinall]], Slyde, Bizzle, da Sammy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Henny Artist 2011 |url=http://www.hennessyartistry.com.ng/henny/artist-2011/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150130205931/http://www.hennessyartistry.com.ng/henny/artist-2011/ |archive-date=30 January 2015 |access-date=10 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 August 2015 |title=Jimmie, Praiz, DJ Caise, others turn up at the IndustryNite |url=http://industrynite.net/hightlight-jimmie-praiz-dj-caise-others-turn-up-at-the-industrynite/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605021128/http://industrynite.net/hightlight-jimmie-praiz-dj-caise-others-turn-up-at-the-industrynite/ |archive-date=5 June 2016 |access-date=9 September 2016}}</ref> Ya yi a MTV, BET, sau biyu a Big Brother Africa, da kuma bukukuwan da aka yi a [[Kenya]] da Cardiff, [[Wales]]. == Ayyuka masu ban sha'awa == Ya yi wasan kwaikwayo a cikin shahararrun abubuwan da suka faru da kuma nunawa tun lokacin da ya zama sananne, ya yi wasan kwaikwayo kamar: {| class="wikitable" !Abin da ya faru !Shekara |- |"MTV Africa Music Awards" | rowspan="3" |2010 |- |Kyautar Bidiyo ta Soundcity |- |"A cikin gida Dj Big Brother Africa" |- |"Babban Ɗan'uwa Afirka" | rowspan="3" |2011 |- |"Kowane mutum yana son abincin rana na Ice Prince" |- |"Music Meets Runway" |- |"BET Awards 2013" | rowspan="5" |2013 |- |"Bikin Boombaataa" |- |"Mtv African All Stars concert" |- |"World Music Expo" <ref>{{Cite web |title=WOMEX - Nigeria |url=https://www.womex.com/about/archive/showcase_archive_country |access-date=10 September 2016 |website=www.womex.com}}</ref> |- |"Harp Rhythm Unplugged" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr Sid, Waje, Niyola & More Step Out For The Harp Rhythm Unplugged, See Pictures |url=http://onobello.com/harp-rhythm-unplugged/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116040936/http://onobello.com/harp-rhythm-unplugged/ |archive-date=16 January 2017 |access-date=10 September 2016 |website=onobello.com}}</ref> |- |"Gidi Culture Festival" | rowspan="2" |2014 |- |"Jami'ar fitar da gumakan Najeriya don Obed" <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2014 |title=Ice Prince, Terry G, DJ Caise, others rock Nigerian Idol eviction party for Obed and Nex2 (PHOTOS) |url=https://ynaija.com/ice-prince-terry-g-dj-caise-others-rock-nigerian-idol-eviction-party-for-obed-and-nex2/ |access-date=9 September 2016}}</ref> |- |"MTV Africa Music Awards gig" | rowspan="2" |2015 |- |"A kan yawon shakatawa tare da [[Shuga (TV series)|MTV Shuga]]" |- |"Taron Nishaɗi na Najeriya" |2016 |- |"Glo Naija Sings Party Winners" | rowspan="4" | |- |"Governor's Independence Day Ball" |- |"Win da ya fi sauraron Kirista" |- |"Champagne Launch (laguna) " |} == Bayanan da aka yi == ; Ma'aurata * "Shake Bodi remix" (ft. Eldee, Jesse Jagz & Grip Boiz) " (2011) * "Lamba Ɗaya" (feat. [[Waje]]) (2012) * "Buckle Up" (feat. Emmy Ace) (2014) * "Crush" (feat. Ice Prince) (2014) * "Psycho Music" (feat. Uzi) (2014) * "Lights" (feat. Ice Prince) (2015) ; Mixtapes {| class="wikitable" !Mixtape na !Shekara |- |"Sound Of South Africa Mix Reload Mix" | rowspan="5" |2012 |- |"DJ Caise House Jumma'a" |- |"Kada ku Dull Remix (Wizkid) " |- |"Flashback vs Implication (2Face) " |- |"Ba tare da Kai ba vs Kukere (Iyanya / Usher) " |- |"Bashment Mix" | rowspan="4" |2013 |- |"Afrobeats Mix" |- |"Sauti na Ghana Mix" |- |"Gaga Titanium (Chuddy K/Sia & David Guetta) " |- |"Chocolate City New Year Mix" |2015 |- |"Kashi mai tsayi (House remix) " |2016 |} ; Kundin da aka tara * Ƙasar Choc Boi da ba za a iya rushewa ba tare da Birnin Chocolate (2015) == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Bikin bayar da kyaututtuka !Bayanan lambar yabo (s) !Mai karɓa !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2010 |Kyautar Matasa ta Dynamix |Dj na Shekara |Shi da kansa|{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2011 |[[Kyaututtukan wasan kwaikwayo a Najeriya 2011|Kyautar Nishaɗi ta Najeriya]] |DJ mafi kyau a duniya |Shi da kansa|{{Nom}} | |- |Kyautar Fab |Dj na Shekara |Shi da kansa|{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=FAB Events: FAB Night Out 2011(The Award Winners). |url=http://fabmagazineonline.com/fab-events-fab-night-out-2011the-award-winners-by-sharon-ojong/ |access-date=10 September 2016 |website=fabmagazineonline.com}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2012 |Kyautar Kyautar Masu watsa shirye-shiryen Najeriya |Mafi Mashahuri a cikin gida D.J (Radio) |Shi da kansa <small> (The Beat 99.9 FM) </small> |{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigerian Broadcasters Merit Awards - Past Winners |url=http://www.nigerianbroadcastersmeritawards.com/past-winners/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160721065320/http://www.nigerianbroadcastersmeritawards.com/past-winners/ |archive-date=21 July 2016 |access-date=9 September 2016}}</ref> |- |Young Entertainers & Music Awards |Mafi kyawun DJ na Rediyo na Shekara (Male / Mata) |Shi da kansa <small> (The Beat 99.9 FM) </small> |{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Young Entertainers And Music Awards Announces Nominees |url=http://jaguda.com/2012/07/07/young-entertainers-and-music-awards-announces-nominees/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116040620/http://jaguda.com/2012/07/07/young-entertainers-and-music-awards-announces-nominees/ |archive-date=16 January 2017 |access-date=10 September 2016}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |2013 | rowspan="3" |Kyautar DJ ta Duniya ta Afirka |Mafi kyawun Rediyo DJ | rowspan="3" |Shi da kansa <small> (The Beat 99.9 FM) </small> |{{Nom}} | rowspan="3" | |- |Mafi kyawun Afro Hip pop / Hip Hop Music DJ|{{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun DJ na Yammacin Afirka|{{Nom}} |- |Kyautar Chase |Mafi kyawun Rediyo DJ na Shekara (Male / Mata) |Shi da kansa <small> (The Beat 99.9 FM) </small> |{{Nom}} | |} == Dubi kuma == * Jerin DJs na Najeriya == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 86ryibr0yw2zyyp0idrzbhe3dwnkb50 0 180353 975113 973652 2026-11-02T04:58:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975113 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist|Name=Darkoo|image=|Birth_name=Oluwafisayo Isa|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|2001|9|18}}|birth_place=[[Yaba, Lagos]], Nigeria|Origin=|Genre={{flatlist| * [[British hip hop]] * [[Afrobeats]] }}|Occupation={{flatlist| * Rapper * singer * songwriter }}|Label={{flatlist| *Atlantic Records UK *Virgin Music Nigeria}}|Years_active=2017–present|website=}}'''Oluwafisayo Isa''' (an haife ta a ranar 18 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 2001), wacce aka fi sani da sunanta '''Darkoo''', '[['Yan Najeriya na Burtaniya|Na Najeriya]] ce kuma mawaƙiya.<ref name="vogue">{{Cite web |last=Rockson |first=Gabrielle |date=11 October 2020 |title=DARKOO TALKS ABOUT HER NIGERIAN ROOTS, FOOTBALL, MUSIC & MORE IN BRAND-NEW EPISODE OF 'PRO:DIRECT OFF PITCH' |url=https://grmdaily.com/darkoo-pro-direct-off-pitch/ |access-date=7 September 2021 |website=GRM Daily |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907110256/https://grmdaily.com/darkoo-pro-direct-off-pitch/ |archive-date=7 September 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta zama sananniya bayan fitowar ta "Gangsta", tare da One Acen, wanda ya kai lamba ta 22 a kan Official Singles Chart, kuma ya kai lamba daya, a kan UK Afrobeats Chart na 2020.<ref name="charts2">{{Cite web |title=DARKOO |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/56674/darkoo/ |access-date=7 September 2021 |website=Official Charts Company}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Darkoo a Legas, Najeriya .Ta koma Burtaniya tana da shekaru 7, <ref name="vogue" /> kuma ta girma a Kudancin London. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukhtar |first=Amel |date=30 December 2020 |title=Rising Afroswing Star Darkoo Is Here To Change The Music Industry – And The World |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/arts-and-lifestyle/article/darkoo-interview |access-date=7 September 2021 |website=Vogue}}</ref> Ta halarci Makarantar Katolika ta St Catherine don 'yan mata.Ta kuma halarci Kristi Sarki: Emmanuel na shida. == Ayyuka == Darkoo ta fara sakin kiɗa tun tana 'yar shekara 15, <ref name="charts1" /> ta fara ne a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa kafin ta fara haɗa waka a cikin kiɗanta. <ref name="vogue" /> A ƙarshen 2019 ta fito da wakar "Gangsta", tare da rapper na Burtaniya One Acen .Waƙar ta zama sananne a kan [[TikTok]] <ref name="charts1">{{Cite web |last=Copsey |first=Rob |title=Darkoo talks Gangsta success and plans for a full-length project: "This is just the beginning" |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/darkoo-talks-gangsta-success-and-plans-for-a-full-length-project-this-is-just-the-beginning__30318/ |access-date=7 September 2021 |website=Official Charts Company}}</ref> kuma ta shiga Official Singles Chart a lamba 34 a watan Nuwamba 2019, daga ƙarshe ta kai matsayi na 22 a watan Janairun 2020. <ref name="charts2" /> Ta biyo bayan wannan nasarar a watan Maris na 2020 tare da guda "Juicy" wanda ke nuna Hardy Caprio, wanda ya kai 62 a kan Official Singles Chart . <ref name="charts2" /> A 2020 MOBO Awards, an zabi Darkoo don Mafi Kyawun Dokar Mata da Mafi Kyawun Sabon, yayin da aka zabi "Gangsta" don Waƙar Shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=MOBO AWARDS 2020: SEE THE FULL LIST OF NOMINEES! |url=http://mobo.com/news/mobo-awards-2020-see-full-list-nominees |access-date=7 September 2021 |website=MOBO Awards}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kane |first=Hannah |title=Two in One: Meet Darkoo |url=https://www.phoenixmag.co.uk/article/two-in-one-meet-darkoo/ |access-date=7 September 2021 |website=Phoenix}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na 2021, Darkoo ya fito ne a kan remix na "Body", wanda Russ Millions da Tion Wayne suka yi.Remix ɗin ya taimaka wa waƙar ta kai lamba 1 a cikin Official Singles Chart . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ainsley |first=Helen |date=27 April 2021 |title=Tion Wayne and Russ Millions top Official Trending Chart with Body following huge new remix |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/tion-wayne-and-russ-millions-top-official-trending-chart-with-body-following-huge-new-remix__32987/ |access-date=5 May 2021 |publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]}}</ref><ref name="occ body number 1">{{Cite web |title=Tion Wayne & Russ Millions' Body is first Number 1 drill single |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/tion-wayne-russ-millions-score-first-uk-number-1-drill-single-with-body__33093/ |website=[[OfficialCharts.com]]}}</ref> Darkoo ta fitar da kundin waƙoƙinta na farko mai suna 2 In 1 a watan Yulin 2021, wanda ya ƙunshi mawaka irin su Tion Wayne da Unknown T. A shekarar 2022, an zaɓe ta a matsayin wadda za ta iya lashe kyautar Best Diaspora Afrobeats Artist of the Year a bikin bayar da kyaututtukan The Headies Awards. A shekara mai zuwa, Pandora Music Italy ta bayyana ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mawakan da aka fi sauraron waƙoƙinsu a dandalin. A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2023, bayan ƙaddamar da babban reshen kamfanin Virgin Music a Najeriya, wato Virgin Music Nigeria, Kimani Moore ya sanar da cewa wannan reshe ne zai kula da harkokin rarraba waƙoƙin Darkoo, P.H.I.L.E.E da Reekado Banks.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Murray |first1=Robin |date=16 July 2021 |title=Darkoo Drops Exceptional '2 In 1' EP |url=https://www.clashmusic.com/news/darkoo-drops-exceptional-2-in-1-ep |access-date=7 September 2021 |website=Clash Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Swanky |date=2022-05-24 |title=The 15th Headies Award - Full Nomination List |url=https://rehabmusiks.com/the-15th-headies-award-full-nomination-list/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524195616/https://rehabmusiks.com/the-15th-headies-award-full-nomination-list/ |archive-date=24 May 2022 |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=RehabMusik |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date= |title=Italy's Top Streaming Artists: September's pandora favorites |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/09/italys-top-strea |access-date=6 October 2023 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Cooke |first1=Chris |date=5 September 2023 |title=Virgin Music expands into Nigeria |url=https://completemusicupdate.com/virgin-music-expands-into-nigeria/ |access-date=10 November 2023 |website=CMU |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka yi == === Album (s) === * Sexy Girl Summer (Vol.1)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Akhimien |first=Nosakhale |title=SPOTLIGHT: Meet Darkoo, artiste who featured Rema in viral ‘Favourite Girl’ remix |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/music/735683-spotlight-meet-darkoo-artiste-who-featured-rema-in-viral-favourite-girl-remix.html?tztc=1 |access-date=2026-07-12 |newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Okhide |first=Peter |date=2025-06-27 |title=Darkoo shines in 'Sexy Girl Summer (Vol. 1)' |url=https://notjustok.com/songs/ep/darkoo-sexy-girl-summer-vol-1/ |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=NotjustOk |language=en-US}}</ref> === Ma'aurata === Tushen: ==== A matsayin jagora mai zane ==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:14em;" |Taken ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:1em;" |Shekara ! colspan="1" scope="col" |Matsayi mafi girma ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Takaddun shaida ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;" |Burtaniya<br /><ref name="charts2" /> |- ! scope="row" |"Gas Station" <span style="font-size:85%;"> (tare da Curtis J) </span> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Spotify – Web Player |url=https://open.spotify.com/track/6WoL5oRbiti6tMNygoVWry |access-date=2026-07-08 |website=Spotify |language=en}}</ref><br /> |2017 | - || rowspan="9" {{N/a|Non-album singles}} |- ! scope="row" |"Timeline" <span style="font-size:85%;"> (tare da Mulla Stackz) </span> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wynter |first=Courtney |date=2018-08-20 |title=Premiere: Darkoo Enlists Mulla Stackz For Smooth One "Timeline" |url=https://grmdaily.com/darkoo-mulla-stackz-timeline/ |access-date=2026-07-08 |website=GRM Daily |language=en-GB}}</ref><br /> |2018 | - | |- ! scope="row" |"Baƙo" <span style="font-size:85%;"> (tare da AdeSTP & Shadz) </span> <br /> | rowspan="4" |2019 | - | |- ! scope="row" |"Judice" <span style="font-size:85%;"> (tare da Br3nya) </span> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Spotify – Web Player |url=https://open.spotify.com/track/4gsVm153QpiQgtGKQ23KRd |access-date=2026-07-08 |website=Spotify |language=en}}</ref><br /> | - | |- ! scope="row" |"Rover" | - | |- ! scope="row" |"Gangsta" (tare da One Acen) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Darkoo And One Acen Bless Fans With Eagerly-Awaited "Gangsta" |url=https://trenchtrenchtrench.com/news/darkoo-and-one-acen-bless-fans-with-eagerly-awaited-gangsta |access-date=2026-07-08 |website=trenchtrenchtrench.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wynter |first=Courtney |date=2019-11-07 |title=Darkoo & One Acen Release Video For Highly-Anticipated Single "Gangsta" |url=https://grmdaily.com/darkoo-one-acen-gangsta/ |access-date=2026-07-08 |website=GRM Daily |language=en-GB}}</ref><br /> |22 | * BPI: Platinum <ref>{{Cite web |title=Darkoo & One Acen |url=https://www.bpi.co.uk/award/15545-5179-1 |access-date=7 September 2021 |website=British Phonographic Industry}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |"Juicy" <span style="font-size:85%;"> (tare da Hardy Caprio) </span> <br /> | rowspan="3" |2020 |62 | |- ! scope="row" |"Kryptonite" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Keith |first=James |date=2020-07-02 |title=Premiere: Darkoo Works Hard But Plays Harder In The Video For "Kryptonite (Tough Times Never Last)" |url=https://www.complex.com/music/a/james-keith/premiere-darkoo-kryptonite |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=Complex |language=en}}</ref> | - | |- ! scope="row" |"Cinderella" <span style="font-size:85%;"> (tare da 4Keus) </span> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wynter |first=Courtney |date=2020-11-20 |title=Darkoo Enlists 4Keus In Clean Visuals For Latest Single "Cinderella" |url=https://grmdaily.com/darkoo-4keus-cinderella/ |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=GRM Daily |language=en-GB}}</ref><br /> | - | |- ! scope="row" |"Ka ɗauke"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dayo |first=Bernard |date=2021-03-05 |title=Darkoo is in a relationship with herself in the new visuals for 'Pick Up' |url=https://ynaija.com/darkoo-is-in-a-relationship-with-herself-in-the-new-visuals-for-pick-up/ |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=YNaija |language=en-GB}}</ref> | rowspan="4" |2021 | - | | rowspan="3" |''2 cikin 1'' |- ! scope="row" |"Ta so" <span style="font-size:85%;"> (tare da Blanco) </span> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Spotify – Web Player |url=https://open.spotify.com/track/1oCbDWh54GvaE2lRlmJZcK |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=Spotify |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Darkoo dates herself in her “Pick Up” video |url=https://www.thefader.com/2021/03/05/darkoo-pick-up-video |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=The FADER |language=en}}</ref><br /> | - | |- ! scope="row" |"Slow Down" <span style="font-size:85%;"> (tare da Tion Wayne) </span> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-17 |title=Afrobeat sensation DARKOO releases debut 2 in 1 EP & 'Slow Down' ft Tion Wayne |url=https://imprintent.org/afrobeat-sensation-darkoo-releases-debut-2-in-1-ep-slow-down-ft-tion-wayne/ |access-date=2026-07-12 |language=en-US}}</ref><br /> | - | |- ! scope="row" |"Matsananciyar Tun Da Farko" <span style="font-size:85%;"> (tare da [[Daniel Etiese Benson (Bnxn)|Buju]] & TSB) </span> <br /> | - ||rowspan="6" {{N/a|Non-album singles}} |- ! scope="row" |"Ko da yaushe" <span style="font-size:85%;"> (tare da [[Black Sherif]]) </span> <br /> | rowspan="3" |2022 | - | |- ! scope="row" |"Falling" <span style="font-size:85%;"> (tare da Smallgod & KiDi) </span> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-18 |title=Smallgod’s second single 'Falling' explores the allure of forbidden love - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/smallgods-second-single-falling-explores-the-allure-of-forbidden-love/ |access-date=2026-07-12 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=zeinat |date=2022-03-18 |title=Smallgod’s Second Single 'Falling' Explore The Allure Of Forbidden Love - AmeyawDebrah.com |url=https://ameyawdebrah.com/smallgods-second-single-falling-explore-the-allure-of-forbidden-love/ |access-date=2026-07-12 |language=en-US}}</ref><br /> | - | |- ! scope="row" |"A can ta tafi (Jack Sparrow) " <span style="font-size:85%;"> (tare da Mayorkun) </span> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Phenomenal |date=2022-06-03 |title=Darkoo taps Mayorkun for new single 'There She Goes (Jack Sparrow) |url=https://phenomenal.com.ng/2022/06/darkoo-taps-mayorkun-for-new-single-there-she-goes-jack-sparrow/ |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=Phenomenal |language=en-US}}</ref><br /> | - | |- ! scope="row" |"Yarinyar da aka fi so" <span style="font-size:85%;"> (tare da Dess Dior) </span> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Claxton |first=Christopher |date=2026-04-27 |title=Dess Dior Is Billboard’s Up-and-Coming Hip-Hop Artist of the Month for April 2026 |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/up-coming-hip-hop-artist-of-the-month-dess-dior-april-2026-1236232697/ |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref><br /> | rowspan="2" |2024 | - | |- ! scope="row" |"Hakace Yanzu" <span style="font-size:85%;"> (tare da Davido da Rvssian) </span> <br /> | - | |- ! scope="row" |"Focus On Me (Dukan 'yan mata masu jima'i a cikin kulob din) "<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2025 |title=Focus On Me (All The Sexy Girls In The Club) Lyrics by Darkoo |url=https://notjustok.com/lyrics/focus-on-me-lyrics-by-darkoo/ |access-date=6 January 2025 |website=Not Just Ok}}</ref> | rowspan="2" |2025 | - | | |- ! scope="row" |"Kamar Dat" <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-30 |title=African Fresh Picks: Ayra Starr x Wizkid, Ayox x Qing Madi, Darkoo, Olamide, Seyi Vibez & More |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/articles/african-fresh-picks-ayra-starr-173550573.html |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=Yahoo Entertainment |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2025-05-16 |title=If You Can’t Get Enough of Darkoo’s ‘Like Dat’ Challenge, Wait Till You See the Music Video |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2025/05/darkoo-like-dat-challenge-music-video/ |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> | - | | |- ! scope="row" |"Lambarku" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dozie |date=2026-07-12 |title=Darkoo – Your Number |url=https://web.val9ja.com/music/darkoo-your-number/ |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=Val9ja |language=en-US}}</ref> |2025 | - | | |- ! scope="row" |"Ka ba ni soyayya (Daga F1 The Movie) " |2025 | - | | |- ! scope="row" |"Solar"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nation |first=The |date=2026-03-27 |title=Darkoo features Ruger in new single ‘Solar’ |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/darkoo-features-ruger-in-new-single-solar/ |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref> |2026 | - | | |- |} ==== A matsayin mai zane-zane ==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Taken ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Shekara ! colspan="3" scope="col" |Matsayi mafi girma ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Takaddun shaida ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;" |Burtaniya<br /><ref name="charts3">{{Cite web |title=Tion Wayne &#124; full Official Chart History |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/49992/tion-wayne/ |publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;" |AUS<br /><ref name="aria">{{Cite web |date=17 May 2021 |title=ARIA Top 50 Singles Chart |url=https://www.aria.com.au/charts/singles-chart/2021-05-17 |access-date=17 June 2021 |publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:85%;" |NZ<br /><ref name="nz">{{Cite web |date=3 May 2021 |title=NZ Top 40 Singles Chart |url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/singles/2021-05-14 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514221630/https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=5066 |archive-date=14 May 2021 |access-date=17 June 2021 |publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |"Jiki" (Remix) (Millions na Rasha da Tion Wayne tare da ArrDee, E1 (3x3), Bugzy Malone, Fivio Foreign, ZT (3x3), Darkoo, da Buni<br />{{Small|([[Russ Millions]] and [[Tion Wayne]] featuring [[ArrDee]], E1 (3x3), [[Bugzy Malone]], [[Fivio Foreign]], ZT (3x3), Darkoo, and [[Buni (rapper)|Buni]]}} | rowspan="1" |2021 |1 |1 |1 | * BPI: Platinum <ref>{{Cite web |title=BRIT Certified Awards |url=https://www.bpi.co.uk/page/certified-awards |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=BPI Membership Community |language=en-GB}}</ref> * ARIA: 2× Platinum <ref>{{Cite web |title=ARIA Top 40 Hip Hop/R&B Singles for week of 15 November 2021 |url=https://www.aria.com.au/charts/hip-hop-r-and-b-singles-chart/2021-11-15 |access-date=December 30, 2021 |publisher=aria.com.au}}</ref> |''[[Green With Envy|Green tare da kishi]]'' da Matsi na Pier''Matsi na tashar jiragen ruwa'' |- ! scope="row" |"RHUDE GYAL" (ft Darkoo) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Spotify – Web Player |url=https://open.spotify.com/track/7fTZGGFULOk6KDBAhupep5 |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=Spotify |language=en}}</ref> |2025 | | | | |- ! scope="row" |"SNOKONOKO IV" (ft Darkoo) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Spotify – Web Player |url=https://open.spotify.com/track/7JGcpUOsYvFy7Xi1rWSg9t |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=Spotify |language=en}}</ref> |2026 | | | | | |} == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] 63oypzqqxid29qert0ur0fsfi590729 0 180355 974750 973993 2026-11-01T12:52:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974750 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: LightBlue; color:inherit;" |Black Butter Records |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An kafa shi | class="infobox-data" |2010 <span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2010</span>)&nbsp;</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Wanda ya kafa shi | class="infobox-data agent" |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="hlist"> * Itacen Olly * Garin Henry * Joe Gossa </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Matsayi | class="infobox-data" |Mai aiki |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Irin wannan | class="infobox-data category" |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="hlist"> * Na'urar lantarki * Rap * Girma * Waƙoƙin bass </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasar asali | class="infobox-data" |[[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Wurin da yake | class="infobox-data label" |[[Landan]], Ingila |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Shafin yanar gizon hukuma | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[http://black-butter.com/ baƙar fata-butter.com]</span> |} '''Black Butter Records''' lakabin rikodin Burtaniya ne [[Landan]] ke zaune a London, Ingila .An kafa shi a cikin shekarar 2010 da Olly Wood, Henry Village da Joe Gossa, farawa mai zaman kansa <ref name="Thump">{{Cite web |last=Bhavnani |first=Rishabh |date=18 September 2013 |title=IMPRINTS: Black Butter |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/imprints-black-butter-uk-bass-grime-rudimental-scrufizzer/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903081924/http://thump.vice.com/words/imprints-black-butter-uk-bass-grime-rudimental-scrufizzer |archive-date=3 September 2014 |access-date=28 August 2014 |website=Thump |publisher=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]}}</ref> ya ci gaba da zama lakabin mai ɗanɗano, kuma wani ɓangare na sansanin kasuwancin da ke da alaƙa da kiɗa ban da gudanarwa da bugawa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Saville |first=Adam |date=13 January 2014 |title=Best Label: Black Butter |url=http://www.djmag.com/content/best-label-black-butter |access-date=28 August 2014 |website=[[DJMag]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2014 |title=The Big Interview, Black Butter |url=https://content.yudu.com/web/2cz8/0A1vlbc/edition_list/index.html |website=[[Music Week]]}}</ref> Alamar rikodin tana da haɗin farko tare da Clean Bandit, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lester |first=Paul |date=24 December 2013 |title=Clean Bandit (New band of the day No 1,668) |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/dec/24/clean-bandit |access-date=28 August 2014 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Rudimental, <ref> {{Cite web |last=Sargent |first=Jordan |date=15 November 2013 |title=An Introduction to U.K. Dance Label Black Butter |url=http://pitchfork.com/thepitch/135-black-butter/ |access-date=28 August 2014 |website=[[Pitchfork Media|Pitchfork]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820152810/http://pitchfork.com/thepitch/135-black-butter/ |archive-date=20 August 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Jessie Ware, MNEK, da Gorgon City.A cikin wata hira ta 2013 - wanda ya fahimci cibiyar sadarwa ta masu zane-zane da ke zuwa ta hanyar Black Butter sun kasance a kan gaba a wani yanayi mai tasowa - Henry ya ce: "Jam'iyyar mutane tana da matukar fa'ida a yanzu.Kuna jin garage, gida, drum'n'bass, pop, reggae da dub, amma duk yana jin kamar yana da ma'ana.Yana jin kamar motsi mai ban sha'awa da ke gudana."Ya lura cewa kafa BBC Radio 1Xtra da muhimmiyar gudummawarta wajen nuna kiɗa na karkashin kasa a kan babban dandamali, yana haɓaka damarsa ta hanyar wucewa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Macpherson |last2=Yates |first2=Kieran |last3=Wolfson |first3=Alex |date=20 June 2013 |title=UK dance music is back – and this time it's going pop |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/jun/20/uk-dance-music-back-pop |access-date=28 August 2014 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Masana'antu sun amince da shi, an ba da kyautar Black Butter 'Mafi kyawun Ƙananan Alamar' a 2012 Association of Independent Music Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Michaels |first=Sean |date=30 October 2012 |title=AIM award winners 2012: Alt-J, Edwyn Collins, Daniel Miller and more |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/oct/30/aim-award-winners-2012 |access-date=28 August 2014 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Daga cikin nadin kyaututtuka da yawa a cikin shekaru, co-kafa Joe ya lashe kyaututtaka na A&R daga Music Business Worldwide <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2017 |title=The A and R Awards 2017 |url=https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/ar-awards-2017-steve-mac-young-turks-atlantic-win-big/ |website=[[Music Business Worldwide]]}}</ref> da Link Up TV, <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2017 |title=LinkUp TV Award winners 2017 |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/BdBErjPlV0S/?img_index=2&igsh=MWU5azU2azQ2Z2Q0MA%3D%3D |website=LinkUp TV on Instagraml}}</ref> kuma co-kafa Henry ya lashe kyautar Entrepreneur Award <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2017 |title=Artist and Manager Awards |url=https://amawards.org/previous-winners |website=Artist and Manager Awards}}</ref> a 2015 Artist and Manager Awards.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2017 |title=2017 A and R Awards congratulations |url=https://x.com/SonyMusicUK/status/926150887491371011 |website=Sony Music UK Twitter}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Artist and Manager Awards 2015 winners |url=https://themmf.net/news/artist-and-manager-awards-2015-sponsored-by-dice-the-winners/ |website=Music Managers Forum}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Kafa da farkon shekarun === Black Butter Records an yi niyya ne da farko a matsayin hanyar fita ga mawaƙa waɗanda aka sanya hannu ga kamfanin gudanar da zane-zane, Stackhouse Management, <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2014 |title=Start Spreading the News |url=https://content.yudu.com/web/2cz8/0A1vlbc/MusicWeekNovember28t/html/index.html |website=Music Week}}</ref> (a baya gida ga Rudimental, Gorgon City, Redlight, Sub Focus da sauransu). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilson |first=Kim |date=22 October 2013 |title=Black Butter Update |url=http://www.kmag.co.uk/editorial/news/black-butter-update.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903102010/http://www.kmag.co.uk/editorial/news/black-butter-update.html |archive-date=3 September 2014 |access-date=28 August 2014 |website=Kmag}}</ref> Sakamakon farko da aka saki shi ne 'Lovestruck' na Man Like Me da kuma 'Soundclash' na RackNRuin (Matt Robson-Scott na Gorgon City) wanda ya shiga cikin shahararren Jessie Ware don yin murya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Black Butter Soundcloud, release #1 |url=https://soundcloud.com/black-butter-records/man-like-me-love-struck-kill-light-remix |website=Souncloud}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Patterson |first=Joseph 'JP' |title=MTV IGGY: Black Butter Records: The Takeover Is Imminent |url=http://www.josephjppatterson.co.uk/2013/08/mtv-iggy-black-butter-records-takeover.html |access-date=2022-08-12}}</ref> Kamfanin Black Butter ya fara samun karɓuwa ta hanyar shirya bukukuwan kiɗa a kulake da kuma gudanar da shirye-shiryen kiɗa a dandamalin bukukuwan nishaɗi, yayin da yake fitar da waƙoƙi guda-guda da ƙananan kundin waƙoƙi (EPs) galibi. A farkon kafuwarsa, an bayyana kamfanin a matsayin cibiyar kiɗan lantarki ta Birtaniya, wadda ta ƙunshi nau'o'in salon kiɗa daban-daban. Ba da daɗewa ba, kamfanin ya gina suna a matsayin wanda ke gano tare da tallata sabbin hazikan mawaka a fagen kiɗan Rap, Grime da Bass a Birtaniya. Hakan ya biyo bayan samun karɓuwa da waƙarsa ta uku mai suna "Ho! Riddim", wadda Marco Del Horno da Swerve suka yi tare da P Money. Waƙar ta shahara a YouTube kuma ta zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun waƙoƙin da masoya wannan salon kiɗa ke ɗauka a matsayin na musamman.<ref>https://ra.co/promoters/33810/past-events?page=2/</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/introducing/2012/02/huws_label_of_love_black_butte.shtml</ref><ref>https://www.insomniac.com/music/metronome-riddim-commission/</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7LsWEaZVXek/</ref> Daga cikin fitattun waƙoƙin farko da aka fitar a ƙarƙashin wannan kamfanin rikodin waƙoƙi akwai waƙar farko ta Clean Bandit mai suna "A+E", ta Gorgon City mai suna "Real", wadda ta haɗa da Yasmin, da kuma ta Rudimental mai suna "Deep In The Valley", wadda ta haɗa da MC Shantie.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2013 |title=Clean Bandit (New band of the day No 1,668) |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/dec/24/clean-bandit |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Black Butter Records Soundcloud |url=https://soundcloud.com/black-butter-records}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa, waƙar Rudimental 'Spoons' (tare da matashi MNEK da Siron) ta fara tasiri rediyo na rana.Rudimental da aka sanya hannu tare da Atlantic / Asylum ta hanyar Black Butter kuma babban ci gaban lakabin ya zo ne a cikin 2012 tare da sakin Rudimental's 'Feel the Love' (tare da John Newman), suna samun lambar farko ta Burtaniya kuma suna jagorantar hanyar samun matsayi na platinum na gaba na kundin ''Gida'' na farko <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evenson |first=Austin |date=2015-05-25 |title=Black Butter's UK Invasion: A Look At The Brand's Past, Present, and Future |url=https://dancingastronaut.com/2015/05/black-butters-uk-invasion-look-brands-past-present-future/ |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=Dancing Astronaut |language=en-US}}</ref> wanda kuma ya sami makonni 10 a saman UK Dance Chart kuma ya sanya # 17 a kan sashin ƙarshen shekara na Burtaniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Charts UK, Rudimental profile page |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/albums/rudimental-home/ |website=Official Charts UK}}</ref> A cikin wata hira da aka yi da Music Week a shekarar 2014, Henry ya ce shigar mai saka hannun jari da kuma mai ba da shawara Roger Ames yana da mahimmanci ga kewaya masana'antar kiɗa don cimma irin wannan ci gaban kasuwanci. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2014, Gorgon City's 'Ready For Your Love' (tare da MNEK) ya sami UK Dance Chart # 2, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Dance Singles Chart on 2 February 2014 – 8 February 2014 |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/dance-singles-chart/20140202/104/ |website=Official Charts February 2, 2014}}</ref> UK Singles Chart # 4, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Singles Chart on 2 February 2014 – 8 February 2014 |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/singles-chart/20140202/7501/ |website=Official Charts February 2, 2014}}</ref> kuma ya kasance # 59 a cikin sashin ƙarshen shekara na Burtaniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=End of Year Singles Chart Top 100 – 2014 |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/end-of-year-singles-chart/20140105/37501/ |access-date=20 November 2019 |publisher=Official Charts Company}}</ref> An saki kundi na farko na <nowiki><i id="mwrg">Sirens</i></nowiki> a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2014, wanda ke nuna simintin ƙwarewar murya - ya sami UK Dance Chart # 1, UK Albums Chart # 10 da kuma matsayin Gold-certified.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Dance Albums Chart on 26 October 2014 – 1 November 2014 |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/dance-albums-chart/20141026/105/ |website=Official Charts 26 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Albums Chart on 26 October 2014 – 1 November 2014 |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/albums-chart/20141026/7502/ |website=Official Charts 26 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Album certification |url=https://www.bpi.co.uk/award/14289-4389-2 |website=BPI – December 2022}}</ref> === Sony Music UK === A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014, Black Butter Records ya zama mai zaman kansa - tare da RCA, Columbia da Sony CMG - a karkashin Sony Music UK - wadanda suka kafa Henry da Joe suna aiki a matsayin hadin gwiwar shugabanni da Nick Worthington ke jagorantar A & R. Shugaba na Sony UK Jason Iley ya ce a cikin wata sanarwa: "Black Butter shine lakabin da ya fi ban sha'awa da ya fito a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata, don haka wannan babban juyin mulki ne a gare mu. Henry da Joe sun kawo tare da su baiwa mai ban mamaki don gano ayyukan ban mamaki. "<ref>{{Cite web |title=Black Butter joins Sony Music UK |url=https://completemusicupdate.com/article/black-butter-joins-sony-music-uk/ |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=Complete Music Update}}</ref> Editan Music Week Tim Ingham ya ce: "Wannan yana nuna cewa yarjejeniyar ita ce mafi mahimmancin kasuwancin lakabin indie tun lokacin da Universal ta sami V2 a cikin 2007. "<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2014 |title=Black Butter join Iley's Sony |url=https://content.yudu.com/web/2cz8/0A1vlbc/MW211114/html/index.html? |website=Music Week magazine}}</ref> Shahararrun sakonni a wannan lokacin sun fito ne daga AJR, Bakar, J Hus, Jae5, Young T & Bugsey da sauransu.BB sun taimaka wajen karya Zara Larsson <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2016 |title=Lush Life Record of The Year |url=https://www.recordoftheday.com/on-the-move/record/zara-larsson/lush-life--record-of-the-year |website=Record of the Day}}</ref> kuma sun kasance abokin tarayya na Burtaniya a kan ayyukan da aka buga a duniya kamar [[DJ Khaled]], Faransanci Montana, da sauransu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2022 |title=Zara Larrson takes control of her catalogue and launches new label |url=https://www.musicweek.com/talent/read/zara-larsson-takes-control-of-her-catalogue-launches-new-label/085954 |website=Music Week}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2019 |title=Sony UK's JV labels are on a roll |url=https://www.hitsdailydouble.com/news/rumor-mill/lessimg-srchttpssoirsenatecagovsitessoirsenatecagovfilesunion-jack-flag-hipng-width30px-height18pxgreatera-relentless-insanity-sony-uks-jv-labels-lessbrgreaterare-on-a-roll |website=Hits Daily Double}}</ref> Kashewa a wannan zamanin, J Hus da mai haɗin gwiwa mai suna Jae5 sun ga tsohon mai zane-zane na farko Common Sense ya tafi Top 10 a Burtaniya a cikin 2017 (ƙwanƙwasa #6), <ref>{{Cite web |title=J Hus profile page |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/48523/j-hus/ |website=Official Charts UK}}</ref> ya lashe NME Best Album of 2018, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2018 |title=J Hus wins Best Album supported by Orange Amplification {{!}} VO5 NME Awards 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sei8OGvAfgo |website=NME YouTube channel}}</ref> ya sami gabatarwa na Mercury Prize, <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2017 |title=J Hus – Common Sense |url=https://www.mercuryprize.com/news/j-hus-common-sense |website=Mercury Prize}}</ref> MOBO <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2017 |title=2017 MOBO Awards nominations announced |url=https://mobo.com/news/2017-mobo-awards-nominations-announced |website=MOBO}}</ref> da BRIT Awards, <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2018 |title=Stormzy, Kendrick Lamar and J Hus nominated for 2018 Brit Awards |url=https://crackmagazine.net/2018/01/stormzy-kendrick-lamar-j-hus-nominated-2018-brit-awards/ |website=Crack magazine}}</ref> tare da karbuwa a cikin Music Week artist management category.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2018 |title='I just reach for the stars': J Hus and producer JAE5 talk album no2 |url=https://www.musicweek.com/talent/read/i-just-reach-for-the-stars-j-hus-and-producer-jae5-talk-album-no-2/071557 |website=Music Week}}</ref> An gane kundin a cikin jerin sunayen mafi kyawun shekara: Crack Magazine, Complex, Fact, NME, Pigeons and Planes, The Guardian .A Burtaniya, an tabbatar da platinum kuma ya gama # 47 a kan jadawalin ƙarshen shekara ta 2017, da kuma # 66 a cikin 2018.Black Butter's Joe Gossa ya sanya hannu kan J Hus a shekarar 2015 kuma ya ce shi 'wani ɓangare ne na zamanin zinariya ga Burtaniya'. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2017 |title='J Hus is part of a golden age for the UK': Black Butter president Joe Gossa on the Common Sense campaign |url=https://www.musicweek.com/labels/read/j-hus-is-part-of-a-golden-age-for-the-uk-black-butter-president-joe-gossa-on-the-common-sense-campaign/069564 |website=Music}}</ref> Tare da nasarar da aka gina a karkashin kasa, waƙar 'Lean & Bop' ta fashe tare da miliyoyin rafi kuma an saki mixtape The 15th Day.Ci gaban kasuwanci ya ga waƙar 'Did You See' ta zama ta farko Top 10 kuma kamfen ɗin ya sami karɓar masana'antu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2017 |title=Sony Music A&R wins congratulations |url=https://x.com/SonyMusicUK/status/926150887491371011 |website=Sony Music UK Twitter}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2017 |title=MBW A&R Awards winners 2017 |url=https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/ar-awards-2017-steve-mac-young-turks-atlantic-win-big |website=[[Music Business Worldwide]]}}</ref> Alamomin sun lashe lambar yabo ta Artist Marketing a 2021 Music Week Awards don aiki a kan Young T & Bugsey wanda ya fashe sigogi na Amurka tare da taimakon TikTok virality na waƙar su 'Don't Rush' tare da Headie One . <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2021 |title=Music Week Awards 2021: All the winners at the biggest ever edition |url=https://www.musicweek.com/media/read/music-week-awards-2021-all-the-winners-at-the-biggest-ever-edition/084140 |website=[[Music Week]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2020 |title=How TikTok turned 'Don't Rush by UK hip-hop artists Young T & Budget into a global hit |url=https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/how-a-tiktok-challenge-turned-dont-rush-by-black-butter-signed-uk-hip-hop-artists-young-t-bugsey-into-a-global-hit/ |website=[[Music Business Worldwide]]}}</ref> === Buga === A cikin 2013, Black Butter ta ƙaddamar da hannun bugawa kuma ta shiga haɗin gwiwa tare da BMG Chrysalis a cikin 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2014 |title=Black Butter uncloaks publishing company (front page) |url=https://content.yudu.com/web/2cz8/0A1vlbc/MusicWeekNovember28t/html/index.html}}</ref> Wani sanannen sa hannu na farko shine Jess Glynne - co-shugaba Joe Gossa ya kusanci saurayi marubucin waƙa bayan ya burge shi da demo na waƙoƙin da ta kirkira tare da Jin Jin (aka Janée Bennett). <ref name="Billboard-Sep2015">{{Cite web |date=19 March 2015 |title=Jess Glynne Talks Throat Surgery, Advice From Sam Smith |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/magazine-feature/6693273/jess-glynne-i-laugh-when-i-cry-interview-throat-surgery-sam-smith-clean-bandit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021113601/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/magazine-feature/6693273/jess-glynne-i-laugh-when-i-cry-interview-throat-surgery-sam-smith-clean-bandit |archive-date=21 October 2015 |access-date=30 October 2015 |publisher=Billboard}}</ref> A cikin wata hira ta Billboard ta 2015, Jess ta tuna: "[Joe] ya tafi tunani. Ya gabatar da ni ga dukkan mutane masu kyau - lauyoyi, manajoji, na sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya don bugawa. "<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ryn Weaver, Kiesza & Jess Glynne Share Their Journeys to Coachella: Exclusive |url=https://www.billboard.com/culture/events/ryn-weaver-kiesza-jess-glynne-talk-coachella-6538610/ |website=Billboard – April 2015}}</ref>Da yake murna da taken farko / lambar daya, ta ce: "Na gode wa Joe Gossa a Black Butter records saboda ba tare da shi ba ban tsammanin zan kasance a nan yau ba!"<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 March 2015 |title=Jess Glynne, Official Facebook page |url=https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=804366639656098&set=a.706915699401193 |website=[[Facebook]]}}</ref>Ta ci gaba da samun lambobi bakwai a kan UK Singles Chart - mafi yawan kowane ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na mata na Burtaniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jess Glynne x Official Charts UK |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/32631/jess-glynne/ |website=Official Charts}}</ref> A cikin 2015, mai gabatarwa mai zuwa na gabashin London Jae5 ya sanya hannu ga Black Butter don bugawa <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2017 |title=Meet Jae5, The East London Genre Blender Behind J Hus's Out Of This World Afrobeats Sound |url=https://www.thefader.com/2017/04/26/jae5-interview-j-hus-producer-did-you-see-common-sense |website=[[The Fader]]}}</ref> kuma daga baya zuwa lakabin a matsayin mai zane bayan ya burge Joe tare da farkon J Hus demos. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2022 |title=UK act to watch: Jae5 (Sony) |url=https://www.hitsdailydouble.com/news/dish-and-chips/uk-act-to-watch-jae5-sony |website=Hits Daily Double}}</ref> Sun ci gaba da samun nasarar kasuwanci a karkashin haɗin gwiwar Sony na Black Butter.Jae5 ya ci gaba da samar [[Burna Boy|Ɗan Burna]] Boy, Dave, Tion Wayne kuma masana'antu da yawa sun amince da shi don aikinsa, gami da: Grammys, MOBOs MBW A&R Awards, Ivors Academy, <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2022 |title=Jae5 Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/jae5/p/ClG-eJ7IAaa/ |website=Instagram}}</ref> GRM Daily.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2023 |title=A&R Awards Producer of The Year Nominee JAE5 |url=https://www.abbeyroad.com/news/ar-awards-producer-of-the-year-nominee-jae5-3378 |website=Abbey Road}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2020 |title=The Ivors Academy announce nominations for The Ivors 2020 |url=https://ivorsacademy.com/news/the-ivors-academy-announce-nominations-for-the-ivors-2020/ |website=Ivors Academy}}</ref> Alamun wallafe-wallafen Black Butter sun haɗa da: Aquilo, Bipolar Sunshine, Chloe Leone, Elderbrook, Everything Everything, James Newman, Jae5, Jess Glynne, Kiko Bun, Laura Dockrill, Mark Crown. === Sauran === Rudimental's East London studio, Major Toms, ya kasance cibiyar Black Butter ta farko lakabin lakabi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Macpherson |last2=Yates |first2=Kieran |last3=Wolfson |first3=Alex |date=20 June 2013 |title=UK dance music is back – and this time it's going pop |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/jun/20/uk-dance-music-back-pop |access-date=28 August 2014 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Black Butter da Method Music sun kasance abokan tarayya a cikin Bayyanawa da Rudimental's Wild Life Festival .An gudanar da shi a kowace shekara tsakanin 2015 <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 January 2015 |title=Disclosure and Rudimental team up for inaugural Wild Life Festival |url=https://diymag.com/news/disclosure-rudimental-team-up-for-inaugural-wild-life-festival |website=DIY mag}}</ref>-2018, taron farko ya lashe kyautar Kyautattun Sabon Bikin a 2015 UK Festival Awards. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2016 |title=Announced! Wild Life Festival Line-Up 2016 |url=https://discover.ticketmaster.co.uk/music/announced-wild-life-festival-line-up-2016-23928/ |website=Ticketmaster Discover}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 January 2017 |title=Dizzee Rascal To Headline Wild Life 2017 |url=https://www.clashmusic.com/live/dizzee-rascal-to-headline-wild-life-2017/ |website=Clash music}}</ref> Black Butter da Sony Music UK sun ƙaddamar da lakabin haɗin gwiwa, 4ZA, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da mai kula da kiɗa Tom Cater . <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2021 |title=Black Butter and Tom Cater launch JV label 4ZA |url=https://www.musicweek.com/labels/read/black-butter-and-tom-cater-launch-jv-label-4za/083521 |website=Music Week}}</ref> == Lissafi == Da suka gabata da na yanzu * AJR * Amaria BB * Badgirl$ <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sue |first=David |date=10 October 2019 |title=Made in Manchester – Badgirl$ |url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/whats-on/made-in-manchester-badgirl-17061538/ |website=Manchester Evening News – October 2019}}</ref> * Bakar * Charlotte Plank<ref>{{Cite web |title=Charlotte Plank's debut single "HATE ME" is a cocktail of pop, jungle beats, and Gen Z zeitgeist |url=https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/tracks/charlotte-plank-hate-me |website=The Line Of Best Fit – August 2022}}</ref> * Mai Tsabtace Fashi * Deyaz * Drums na Mutuwa * Rashin duhu * Elderbrook * Faransanci Montana * GoldLink * Birnin Gorgon * Mai garkuwa * J Hus<ref>{{Cite web |title=Album of the month, Beautiful and Brutal Yard |url=https://www.ibiza-spotlight.com/magazine/2023/07/album-month-j-hus-beautiful-and-brutal-yard-black-butter-records/ |website=Ibiza Spotlight – July 2023}}</ref> * Jae5<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jae5 artist profile |url=https://www.sonymusic.co.uk/artist/jae5/ |website=Sony Music UK}}</ref> * Jess Glynne * Jimothy Lacoste<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jimothy Lacoste has signed to Black Butter |url=https://mixmag.net/read/jimothy-lacoste-has-signed-to-black-butter-news |website=Mixmag – June 2018 date}}</ref> * Joel Compass * Jnr Choi<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2022 |title=Jnr Choi signs to Epic Records/Black Butter Records |url=https://www.musicconnection.com/jnr-choi-signs-to-epic-records-black-butter-records/ |website=Music Connection – March 2022}}</ref> * K-Trap * Garkuwa da mutane<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kidnap Kid branches out with new label launch |url=https://mixmag.net/read/kidnap-kid-branches-out-with-new-label-launch-news |website=Mixmag – Feb 2016}}</ref> * Kiko Bun * Sarki Henry * Kashewa * Lulu James<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2012 |title=Lulu James – Be Safe |url=http://www.clashmusic.com/videos/lulu-james-be-safe |website=Clashmusic.com}}</ref> * Marshall F * MNEK * Nu Leng na * Nonô<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nonô 'Million Dollars' out today |url=https://www.withguitars.com/nono-million-dollars-out-today-listen-now/ |access-date=2023-10-17 |website=WithGuitars |language=en-GB}}</ref> * Offrami * P-rashin kai * Abubuwan da ba su da muhimmanci * Mai Jirgin Ruwa da Ni * Mai shayarwa<ref>{{Cite web |title=21st May: Scrufizzer signs with Black Butter Records |url=http://machinemanagement.co.uk/21st-May-Scrufizzer-signs-with-Black-Butter-Records |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226150744/http://www.machinemanagement.co.uk/21st-May-Scrufizzer-signs-with-Black-Butter-Records |archive-date=26 December 2014 |access-date=21 May 2013 |website=Machinemanagement.co.uk}}</ref> * Shaybo<ref>{{Cite web |last=Studio |first=Tristan Palmer |title=Black Butter Records – Official Website |url=http://black-butter.com/ |access-date=2021-11-30 |website=Black Butter Records – Official Website}}</ref> * Sinead Harnett<ref>{{Cite web |title=An Introduction to U.K. Dance Label Black Butter |url=http://pitchfork.com/thepitch/135-black-butter/ |website=Pitchfork – November 2013 |access-date=2026-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820152810/http://pitchfork.com/thepitch/135-black-butter/ |archive-date=2014-08-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * Solomon Grey * Siron * Ku Yi Tafiyar Rana * Takura * Tazer * Woz * Zai ji * Yasmin * Matashi T &amp;amp; Bugsey<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2020 |title=How TikTok turned 'Don't Rush' by UK artists Young T & Bugsey into a global hit |url=https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/how-a-tiktok-challenge-turned-dont-rush-by-black-butter-signed-uk-hip-hop-artists-young-t-bugsey-into-a-global-hit/ |website=Music Business Worldwide – May 2020}}</ref> * Zara Larsson == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] iv3m5crirgedsjc94z076ajze6jldyg 0 180477 974988 974676 2026-11-01T19:34:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 974988 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''José María Andrés Baixauli''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Afrilu 2005), wanda aka fi sani da ''''''Chema''' Andrés''' ko kuma kawai Chema, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Mutanen Espanya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya na kulob din [[Brighton & Hove Albion FC|Brighton & Hove Albion]] na Premier League . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Chema a shekara ta 2005 a Valencia, Spain .Ya shiga makarantar matasa ta kungiyar Levante ta Spain yana da shekaru takwas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chema, el ‘Busquets’ de La Fábrica |trans-title=Chema, the 'Busquets' of La Fábrica |url=https://as.com/futbol/primera/chema-el-busquets-de-la-fabrica-n/ |website=[[Diario AS]] |language=es}}</ref> A shekara ta 2018, ya shiga Real Madrid Academy daga Levante yana da shekaru 13 kawai kuma tun daga lokacin ya taka leda a fannoni daban-daban, yana ci gaba daga Infantil zuwa Real Madrid Castilla . <ref>{{Cite web |title=José María Andrés Baixauli |url=https://www.realmadrid.com/es-ES/futbol/cantera-masculina/juvenil-a/jose-maria-andres-baixauli |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=[[Real Madrid CF]]}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == === Real Madrid === Chema ya kasance babban memba na Real Madrid Juvenil Kungiyar da ta lashe gasar cin kofin kasa da shekaru 19 a lokacin kakar 2022-23, ta yi ikirarin Copa del Rey Juvenil, ta fara a rukuni na 5 na División de Honor Juvenil. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2023 |title=Las joyas del Juvenil A del Real Madrid que deslumbran a todos |trans-title=The jewels of Real Madrid's U19 A team that dazzle everyone |url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/real-madrid/20230313/1001963686/joyas-vienen-real-madrid.html |access-date=9 July 2025 |website=[[Mundo Deportivo]] |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2023 |title=1-3: El Real Madrid gana la Copa de Campeones |trans-title=1-3: Real Madrid wins the Copa de Campeones |url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/real-madrid/20230520/1002008911/1-3-real-madrid-gana-copa-campeones.html |website=[[Mundo Deportivo]] |language=es}}</ref> Ya fara babban aikinsa tare da [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] C">Real Madrid C">Real Madrid Castilla a 2024, bayan an inganta shi kai tsaye daga kungiyar Juvenil A zuwa ajiya, yana wucewa da matakin da aka saba da shi na shiga Real Madrid C.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=25 July 2024 |title=Chema Andrés, el 'Rodrigo' de la Sub-19 que sólo saca dieces, enamora a Raúl y también brilla con el golf |trans-title=Chema Andrés, the 'Rodrigo' of the U-19 team who only gets tens, wins Raúl over and also shines in golf |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/chema-andres-rodrigo-sub19-dieces-golf-20240725014835-nt.html |website=[[Relevo]] |language=es}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasan farko tare da Real Madrid a zagaye na 32 na Copa del Rey da Minera a ranar 6 ga Janairu, 2025.Ya zo a minti na 63 na rabi na biyu, ya maye gurbin [[Brahim Díaz]].<ref name="Quién es Chema">{{Cite web |date=7 January 2025 |title=Quién es Chema Andrés, joya de la cantera del Real Madrid |trans-title=Who is Chema Andrés, a jewel of the Real Madrid youth system? |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/primera-rfef/chema-andres-joven-promesa-real-20241224125342-nt.html |access-date=9 July 2025 |website=[[Relevo]] |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2025, Chema ya fara buga wasan farko a La Liga yayin wasan da ya yi da Las Palmas, inda ya maye gurbin [[Dani Ceballos]] a minti na 83.Wasan ya ƙare da nasarar 4-1 ga Real Madrid.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aguado and Chema Make Their La Liga Debuts at the Bernabéu |url=https://www.footboom1.com/en/news/football/2311606-aguado-and-chema-make-their-la-liga-debuts-at-the-bernabeu |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=Footboom1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123185214/https://www.footboom1.com/en/news/football/2311606-aguado-and-chema-make-their-la-liga-debuts-at-the-bernabeu |archive-date=2025-01-23 |url-status=dead}}</ref> === VfB Stuttgart === A ranar 27 ga watan Yulin 2025, Chema ya shiga kungiyar [[VfB Stuttgart]] ta Bundesliga ta Jamus don Yuro miliyan 3.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prince |first=Toby |date=July 24, 2025 |title=Chema Andrés completes €3m transfer to Stuttgart from Real Madrid - reports |url=https://tribuna.com/en/news/2025-07-24-chema-andres-completes-3m-transfer-to-stuttgart-from-real-madrid-bild/ |access-date=July 24, 2025 |website=Tribuna}}</ref> Ya sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da kulob din har zuwa 30 Yuni 2030 kuma an ba shi lambar 30 shirt.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2025 |title=VfB verpflichtet Chema Andrés |trans-title=VfB signs Chema Andrés |url=https://www.vfb.de/de/vfb/aktuell/neues/profis/2526/vfb-verpflichtet-chema-andr--s/ |website=[[VfB Stuttgart]] |language=de}}</ref> === Brighton & Hove Albion === A ranar 1 ga Satumba 2026, Chema ya sanya hannu a kulob din [[Brighton & Hove Albion FC|Brighton & Hove Albion]] na Premier League kan kwangilar shekaru biyar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2026 |title=Chema Andres joins Albion from VfB Stuttgart |url=https://www.brightonandhovealbion.com/media-article/mft-transfer-news-chema-andres-stuttgart-september-2026 |access-date=1 September 2026 |website=www.brightonandhovealbion.com |language=en}}</ref> Ya fara bugawa Brighton wasa a ranar 13 ga Satumba 2026 a cikin nasarar 5-0 a gasar Premier League a kan Coventry City a CBS Arena, kafin ya zira kwallaye na farko ga kulob din kwanaki shida bayan haka a cikin nasarar 3-0 a gida a kan [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 September 2026 |title=Gallery: Coventry City match action |url=https://www.brightonandhovealbion.com/media-gallery/mft-galleries-coventry-city-match-action |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260923133023/https://www.brightonandhovealbion.com/media-gallery/mft-galleries-coventry-city-match-action |archive-date=23 September 2026 |access-date=23 September 2026 |website=BHAFC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Howell |first=Alex |date=19 September 2026 |title=Arsenal handed first loss by brilliant Brighton |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/live/c65ym9ml19d0t |access-date=23 September 2026 |website=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Chema matashi ne na kasa da kasa na Spain.An kira shi zuwa gasar zakarun Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19 ta 2024 a Arewacin Ireland.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2024 |title=José Lana presenta la lista de España para afrontar el Europeo Sub-19 en busca de la 12ª corona |trans-title=José Lana presents Spain's roster for the U-19 European Championship in search of a record 12th title |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/seleccion/2024/07/12/6691099d22601d83288b45bf.html |website=[[Marca (newspaper)|MARCA]] |language=es}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye na farko ga Spain U19 a wasan rukuni na B da Denmark, wanda ya ƙare a nasarar 2-1 .<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2024 |title=España demuestra 'bravura' en su debut en el Europeo sub-19 ganando a Dinamarca ¡con 10 jugadores! |trans-title=Spain shows 'bravery' in its U-19 European Championship debut, beating Denmark with 10 players! |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/seleccion/2024/07/16/6696a617268e3ebf1d8b45dc.html |access-date=9 July 2025 |website=[[Marca (newspaper)|MARCA]] |language=es}}</ref> Ya fara ne a wasanni hudu daga cikin wasanni biyar na Spain a lokacin gasar, gami da wasan karshe, inda Spain ta doke Faransa 2-0 don lashe gasar zakarun Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19 ta UEFA ta 12.<ref name="2024 U19 final">{{Cite web |date=28 July 2024 |title=2024 Under-19 EURO final: Spain 2-0 France |url=https://www.uefa.com/under19/news/028f-1b7a720b2f6a-df11f0b8fd9a-1000--2024-under-19-euro-final-spain-2-0-france/ |access-date=9 July 2025 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> == Hanyar wasa == Chema galibi yana aiki ne a matsayin mai tsaron tsakiya.Ya sami kwatanci da Sergio Busquets na kasa da kasa na Spain . [1] An kuma kwatanta Chema akai-akai da ɗan asalin Madrid Rodri saboda irin waɗannan halayen jiki, matsayi na wasa, da salon wasa.[2][3] An san Chema da horo na dabarunsa, yana riƙe da matsayi mai kyau a filin, kuma yana yin kuskuren da yawa.<ref name="Quién es Chema" /> Yana iya ci gaba da kwallon ta hanyar wucewa a tsaye kuma yawanci yana taka leda a matsayin mai juyawa na gargajiya ko lambar 5.Ƙarfinsa ya haɗa da basira, hangen nesa, da kuma ikon isar da ƙwarewar tsaye mai inganci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2024 |title=Chema Andrés, la perla madridista |trans-title=Chema Andrés, the pearl of Madridista |url=https://onefootball.com/en/news/chema-andres-la-perla-madridista-40043100 |access-date=9 July 2025 |website=[[OneFootball]] |language=es}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == A lokacin da yake a makarantar kimiyya ta Real Madrid, Chema ya fara karatun digiri a cikin Gudanar da Kasuwanci tare da Nazarin Kasuwanci a Turanci, bayan ya shiga cikin shirin harsuna biyu.<ref name="auto" /> == Kididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 25 October 2026}}<ref>{{Soccerway|jose-maria-andres-baixauli/864219}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin kasa{{Efn|Includes [[Copa del Rey]], [[DFB-Pokal]]}} ! colspan="2" |Kofin League{{Efn|Includes [[EFL Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Turai ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- |Real Madrid C |2023–24 |Ƙungiyar ta Uku |7 |3 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |7 |3 |- | rowspan="3" |Real Madrid Castilla |2023–24 |Tarayyar Farko |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |3 |0 |- |2024–25 |Tarayyar Farko |32 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |32 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !35 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !0 !0 !35 !0 |- |[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] |2024–25 |[[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] |2 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |0 |0 |3 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |[[VfB Stuttgart]] |2025–26 |Bundesliga |25 |3 |4 |0 | colspan="2" | - |9{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa League]]}} |1 |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Franz Beckenbauer Supercup]]}} |0 |39 |4 |- |2026–27 |Bundesliga |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !26 !3 !4 !0 ! colspan="2" |- !9 !1 !1 !0 !41 !4 |- |[[Brighton & Hove Albion FC|Brighton & Hove Albion]] |2026–27 |[[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]] |5 |1 |0 |0 |1 |0 |1{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Conference League]]}} |0 | colspan="2" | - |7 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !75 !7 !6 !0 !1 !0 !10 !1 !1 !0 !93 !8 |} <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Notelist}} == Daraja == '''Spain U19''' * Gasar Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19: 2024 <ref name="2024 U19 final" /> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8kn2q1jsx0qiuyu1rlpjqr09fiy2rn7 0 180487 974720 2026-11-01T12:13:15Z Khaleel767 49732 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342868594|Moving violation]]" 974720 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:USMC-03597.jpg|thumb|Motar da ke wucewa ta hanyar Alamar tsayawa ba tare da tsayawa ba, hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita ta hanyar keta motsi]] Cin zarafin [[motsi]] ko cin zarafin zirga-zirga duk wani cin zarafin doka ne da direban motar ya aikata yayin da yake motsawa.Kalmar "motsi" ta bambanta shi daga sauran keta doka na motoci, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Conlon |first=Joe |date=Winter 2015 |title=A Missouri Citizen's Guide to Red Light Camera |journal=Missouri Law Review |volume=80 |issue=1 |page=5}}</ref> kamar keta doka na takarda (wanda ya haɗa da keta doka da ta shafi inshorar mota, rajista, da dubawa), keta doka da oda, ko keta doka da kayan aiki.Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta yi nuni da motsi na keta doka a cikin jagororin tilasta ta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OFM Enforcement of Moving Violations |url=https://www.state.gov/ofm-enforcement-of-moving-violations |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=[[United States Department of State]] |publisher=[[Office of Foreign Missions]]}}</ref> == Nau'o'in ==   Duk da yake wasu keta doka, kamar keta doka, batutuwan farar hula ne da suka shafi mai motar, ana tuhumar keta doka a kan direban da ya dace. Ana rarraba cin zarafin motsi a matsayin cin zarafi ko laifuffuka, amma ana iya ɗaukar manyan cin zarafi kamar bugawa da gudu, tuki a ƙarƙashin tasirin, da Fushin hanya. == Kudin da ake kashewa == Motsawa da laifuffuka yawanci yana haifar da tarar da maki masu lalacewa da aka tantance zuwa lasisin direba.Yayin da direba ke tara maki, ana iya buƙatar su halarci darussan tuki na karewa, sake gwada gwajin tuki, biyan ƙarin haraji, ko ma ba da lasisin su.Bugu da ƙari, cin zarafin motsi sau da yawa yana ƙara farashin inshora.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Palumbo |first=Aimee |last2=Pfeiffer |first2=Melissa |last3=Metzger |first3=Kristina |last4=Curry |first4=Allison |date=December 2019 |title=Driver licensing, motor-vehicle crashes, and moving violations among older adults |journal=Journal of Safety Research |volume=71 |pages=87–93 |doi=10.1016/j.jsr.2019.09.019 |pmc=8928098 |pmid=31862048 |s2cid=209433677}}</ref> Direbobin da ke da maki da yawa a rikodin tuki sau da yawa dole ne su biya ƙarin inshorar mota fiye da direbobin da ba su da yawa. Wani lokaci ana amfani da tikiti a cikin tarkon sauri a matsayin hanyar tara kuɗi.Misali, karamar hukuma da ke fama da karancin kasafin kudi na iya yin tikiti da karfi a cikin ikonta don kara kudaden shiga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dallas' sheriff hopes patrol merger is the ticket to more revenue {{!}} News for Dallas, Texas {{!}} Dallas Morning News {{!}} Breaking News for Dallas-Fort Worth {{!}} Dallas Morning News |url=http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/localnews/stories/DN-sherifftraffic_17met.ART0.North.Edition1.4ddc526.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325232327/http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/localnews/stories/DN-sherifftraffic_17met.ART0.North.Edition1.4ddc526.html |archive-date=2009-03-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sheriff cuts jail freebies like pickles and ketchup {{!}} News for Dallas, Texas {{!}} Dallas Morning News {{!}} Breaking News for Dallas-Fort Worth {{!}} Dallas Morning News |url=http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/localnews/stories/072308dnmetsheriffbudget.7ea14cec.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327165257/http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/localnews/stories/072308dnmetsheriffbudget.7ea14cec.html |archive-date=2009-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.2theadvocate.com/news/26942504.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918091107/http://www.2theadvocate.com/news/26942504.html |archive-date=September 18, 2008 |website=www.2theadvocate.com}}</ref> A cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], tarar da aka yi amfani da ita na iya bambanta sosai tsakanin hukunce-hukunce don wannan hali, yawanci tsakanin $ 25 da $ 1,000.A cikin ƙasashe kamar [[Finland]] duk da haka, su ne takamaiman rabo na kuɗin shiga na mai keta doka, kuma ana iya kimanta tarar sama da $ 100,000 ga masu arziki.A [[Kanada]], kowane lardin mutum ne a yadda suke bi da irin wannan hali, kodayake kowane keta doka yawanci ya haɗa da tarar da aka saita da maki na rashin amfani da lasisin direba.Misali, tikitin saurin gudu a Ontario na 50+ km sama da maki 6 ne na demerit akan lasisin direba tare da kimanin layin da aka lissafa kamar (kilomita sama da x 9.75) x 1.25, kuma yana ɗauke da dakatarwar lasisin atomatik na mako guda da kuma adana mota; a Manitoba, saurin sama da kilomita 49 shine maki 10 da tarar dala 672 da kuma dakatar da lasisin laifi mai tsanani.&nbsp; == Misalan cin zarafin motsi == <templatestyles src="Multiple image/styles.css" wrapper=".tmulti"></templatestyles> * Gudun gudu, wanda zai iya wuce iyaka ko (a wasu hukunce-hukunce) kawai tuki a cikin sauri mara aminci * tuki sosai a kasa da iyakar saurin zuwa ma'anar toshe zirga-zirga * Tailgating ko rashin kula da tabbataccen nesa a gabatabbatar da nisa a gaba * Gudun ko mirginawa ta wuce Alamar tsayawa ko hasken wuta ba tare da tsayawa ba * Rashin ba da izini ga wani abin hawa tare da haƙƙin hanyadama ta hanya * Rashin siginar don juyawa ko canje-canje * Amfani da hanya mara kyau, kamar rashin tuki a cikin hanya ɗaya * Tsakanin tsakiya, tsakiya, ko gorezubar da jini * tuki a kafada inda aka dauke shi ba bisa ka'ida ba a wasu yanayi * Rashin amfani da belin wurin zama * Amfani da launi na taga da cikas ba bisa ka'ida ba * Rashin tsayawa ga mai tafiya a kan hanyaHanyar tafiya * Rashin tsayawa don bas din makaranta lokacin da yara ke shiga ko fita (a wasu yankuna) * Rashin samun kaya ga babbar [[Babban mota|mota]], babbar mota, ko wata abin hawa * Yin tuki a cikin hanyar tafkin mota ba bisa ka'ida ba * Yin amfani da na'urar sadarwa yayin tuki (a cikin hukunce-hukuncen da suka hana wannan) * Gudanar da abin hawa a waje da yanayin lasisin mutum * Yin tuki ba tare da lasisi ba ko tare da lasisin da aka dakatar ko tare da laisi daga wata ƙasa * Gudanar da abin hawa a cikin Hanyar bas ko a kan hanyoyin jirgin kasa * Rashin tsayawa bayan haɗarin zirga-zirga ko yin rahoto * tuki a gefen da ba daidai ba, sai dai idan akwai cikas Mafi munin keta doka sun hada da: * Yin tuki a ƙarƙashin rinjaye * Gudanarwa mara hankali ko tuki mai haɗari * Gasar kan titi * Kisan kai na mota === Gudanar da keta doka da rikodin tuki === [[File:Pictures_taken_by_red_light_camera.jpg|thumb|Hotuna da kyamarar jan haske ta dauka na mota mai baƙar fata da ke gudana da jan haske]] Daidai ne tsawon lokacin da take hakkin motsi ke tsayawa a kan rikodin tuki ya dogara da dokokin iko; alal misali, a New York, ƙananan take hakkin motsa na iya kasancewa a kan rikon rikodin tuki na tsawon shekaru huɗu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McNight |first=A. James |date=1988 |title=Special Report 218: Transportation in an Aging Society |url=https://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr218v2.pdf#page=114 |access-date=1 October 2021 |website=Transportation Research Board |publisher=National Research Council |page=114}}</ref> Ganin cewa ƙananan laifuka masu motsi suna kasancewa a kan wani mutum na 'yan shekaru kawai, wasu manyan laifuka na motsi ana rarraba su a matsayin laifuka marasa laifi waɗanda ke haifar da rikodin laifi wanda za'a iya kiyaye shi har abada. == Dubi kuma == * Tilasta zirga-zirga * Tikitin zirga-zirga * Kotun zirga-zirga * Makarantar zirga-zirga == Manazarta == avo9ytg6sm39efjpn2geq0h5w061z85 974721 974720 2026-11-01T12:14:06Z Khaleel767 49732 974721 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:USMC-03597.jpg|thumb|Motar da ke wucewa ta hanyar Alamar tsayawa ba tare da tsayawa ba, hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita ta hanyar keta motsi]]{{Databox}} Cin zarafin [[motsi]] ko cin zarafin zirga-zirga duk wani cin zarafin doka ne da direban motar ya aikata yayin da yake motsawa.Kalmar "motsi" ta bambanta shi daga sauran keta doka na motoci, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Conlon |first=Joe |date=Winter 2015 |title=A Missouri Citizen's Guide to Red Light Camera |journal=Missouri Law Review |volume=80 |issue=1 |page=5}}</ref> kamar keta doka na takarda (wanda ya haɗa da keta doka da ta shafi inshorar mota, rajista, da dubawa), keta doka da oda, ko keta doka da kayan aiki.Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta yi nuni da motsi na keta doka a cikin jagororin tilasta ta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OFM Enforcement of Moving Violations |url=https://www.state.gov/ofm-enforcement-of-moving-violations |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=[[United States Department of State]] |publisher=[[Office of Foreign Missions]]}}</ref> == Nau'o'in ==   Duk da yake wasu keta doka, kamar keta doka, batutuwan farar hula ne da suka shafi mai motar, ana tuhumar keta doka a kan direban da ya dace. Ana rarraba cin zarafin motsi a matsayin cin zarafi ko laifuffuka, amma ana iya ɗaukar manyan cin zarafi kamar bugawa da gudu, tuki a ƙarƙashin tasirin, da Fushin hanya. == Kudin da ake kashewa == Motsawa da laifuffuka yawanci yana haifar da tarar da maki masu lalacewa da aka tantance zuwa lasisin direba.Yayin da direba ke tara maki, ana iya buƙatar su halarci darussan tuki na karewa, sake gwada gwajin tuki, biyan ƙarin haraji, ko ma ba da lasisin su.Bugu da ƙari, cin zarafin motsi sau da yawa yana ƙara farashin inshora.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Palumbo |first=Aimee |last2=Pfeiffer |first2=Melissa |last3=Metzger |first3=Kristina |last4=Curry |first4=Allison |date=December 2019 |title=Driver licensing, motor-vehicle crashes, and moving violations among older adults |journal=Journal of Safety Research |volume=71 |pages=87–93 |doi=10.1016/j.jsr.2019.09.019 |pmc=8928098 |pmid=31862048 |s2cid=209433677}}</ref> Direbobin da ke da maki da yawa a rikodin tuki sau da yawa dole ne su biya ƙarin inshorar mota fiye da direbobin da ba su da yawa. Wani lokaci ana amfani da tikiti a cikin tarkon sauri a matsayin hanyar tara kuɗi.Misali, karamar hukuma da ke fama da karancin kasafin kudi na iya yin tikiti da karfi a cikin ikonta don kara kudaden shiga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dallas' sheriff hopes patrol merger is the ticket to more revenue {{!}} News for Dallas, Texas {{!}} Dallas Morning News {{!}} Breaking News for Dallas-Fort Worth {{!}} Dallas Morning News |url=http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/localnews/stories/DN-sherifftraffic_17met.ART0.North.Edition1.4ddc526.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325232327/http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/localnews/stories/DN-sherifftraffic_17met.ART0.North.Edition1.4ddc526.html |archive-date=2009-03-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sheriff cuts jail freebies like pickles and ketchup {{!}} News for Dallas, Texas {{!}} Dallas Morning News {{!}} Breaking News for Dallas-Fort Worth {{!}} Dallas Morning News |url=http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/localnews/stories/072308dnmetsheriffbudget.7ea14cec.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327165257/http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/localnews/stories/072308dnmetsheriffbudget.7ea14cec.html |archive-date=2009-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.2theadvocate.com/news/26942504.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918091107/http://www.2theadvocate.com/news/26942504.html |archive-date=September 18, 2008 |website=www.2theadvocate.com}}</ref> A cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], tarar da aka yi amfani da ita na iya bambanta sosai tsakanin hukunce-hukunce don wannan hali, yawanci tsakanin $ 25 da $ 1,000.A cikin ƙasashe kamar [[Finland]] duk da haka, su ne takamaiman rabo na kuɗin shiga na mai keta doka, kuma ana iya kimanta tarar sama da $ 100,000 ga masu arziki.A [[Kanada]], kowane lardin mutum ne a yadda suke bi da irin wannan hali, kodayake kowane keta doka yawanci ya haɗa da tarar da aka saita da maki na rashin amfani da lasisin direba.Misali, tikitin saurin gudu a Ontario na 50+ km sama da maki 6 ne na demerit akan lasisin direba tare da kimanin layin da aka lissafa kamar (kilomita sama da x 9.75) x 1.25, kuma yana ɗauke da dakatarwar lasisin atomatik na mako guda da kuma adana mota; a Manitoba, saurin sama da kilomita 49 shine maki 10 da tarar dala 672 da kuma dakatar da lasisin laifi mai tsanani.&nbsp; == Misalan cin zarafin motsi == <templatestyles src="Multiple image/styles.css" wrapper=".tmulti"></templatestyles> * Gudun gudu, wanda zai iya wuce iyaka ko (a wasu hukunce-hukunce) kawai tuki a cikin sauri mara aminci * tuki sosai a kasa da iyakar saurin zuwa ma'anar toshe zirga-zirga * Tailgating ko rashin kula da tabbataccen nesa a gabatabbatar da nisa a gaba * Gudun ko mirginawa ta wuce Alamar tsayawa ko hasken wuta ba tare da tsayawa ba * Rashin ba da izini ga wani abin hawa tare da haƙƙin hanyadama ta hanya * Rashin siginar don juyawa ko canje-canje * Amfani da hanya mara kyau, kamar rashin tuki a cikin hanya ɗaya * Tsakanin tsakiya, tsakiya, ko gorezubar da jini * tuki a kafada inda aka dauke shi ba bisa ka'ida ba a wasu yanayi * Rashin amfani da belin wurin zama * Amfani da launi na taga da cikas ba bisa ka'ida ba * Rashin tsayawa ga mai tafiya a kan hanyaHanyar tafiya * Rashin tsayawa don bas din makaranta lokacin da yara ke shiga ko fita (a wasu yankuna) * Rashin samun kaya ga babbar [[Babban mota|mota]], babbar mota, ko wata abin hawa * Yin tuki a cikin hanyar tafkin mota ba bisa ka'ida ba * Yin amfani da na'urar sadarwa yayin tuki (a cikin hukunce-hukuncen da suka hana wannan) * Gudanar da abin hawa a waje da yanayin lasisin mutum * Yin tuki ba tare da lasisi ba ko tare da lasisin da aka dakatar ko tare da laisi daga wata ƙasa * Gudanar da abin hawa a cikin Hanyar bas ko a kan hanyoyin jirgin kasa * Rashin tsayawa bayan haɗarin zirga-zirga ko yin rahoto * tuki a gefen da ba daidai ba, sai dai idan akwai cikas Mafi munin keta doka sun hada da: * Yin tuki a ƙarƙashin rinjaye * Gudanarwa mara hankali ko tuki mai haɗari * Gasar kan titi * Kisan kai na mota === Gudanar da keta doka da rikodin tuki === [[File:Pictures_taken_by_red_light_camera.jpg|thumb|Hotuna da kyamarar jan haske ta dauka na mota mai baƙar fata da ke gudana da jan haske]] Daidai ne tsawon lokacin da take hakkin motsi ke tsayawa a kan rikodin tuki ya dogara da dokokin iko; alal misali, a New York, ƙananan take hakkin motsa na iya kasancewa a kan rikon rikodin tuki na tsawon shekaru huɗu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McNight |first=A. James |date=1988 |title=Special Report 218: Transportation in an Aging Society |url=https://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr218v2.pdf#page=114 |access-date=1 October 2021 |website=Transportation Research Board |publisher=National Research Council |page=114}}</ref> Ganin cewa ƙananan laifuka masu motsi suna kasancewa a kan wani mutum na 'yan shekaru kawai, wasu manyan laifuka na motsi ana rarraba su a matsayin laifuka marasa laifi waɗanda ke haifar da rikodin laifi wanda za'a iya kiyaye shi har abada. == Dubi kuma == * Tilasta zirga-zirga * Tikitin zirga-zirga * Kotun zirga-zirga * Makarantar zirga-zirga == Manazarta == plri16gkzblojbt91ccfavxpbbypaud 0 180488 974722 2026-11-01T12:14:20Z Khaleel767 49732 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1315035470|Mindanao hornbill]]" 974722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|name=Mindanao hornbill|image=Mindanao_Hornbill (cropped).jpg|image_caption=Male|image2=Mindanao Hornbill Pair.jpg|image2_caption=A male (left) and female (right)|status=LC|status_system=IUCN3.1|status_ref=<ref name="iucn status 11 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2020 |title=''Penelopides affinis'' |volume=2020 |article-number=e.T61623294A184679044 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T61623294A184679044.en |access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref>|status2=CITES_A2|status2_system=CITES|status2_ref=<ref>{{Cite web|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|access-date=2022-01-14|website=cites.org}}</ref>|genus=Penelopides|species=affinis|authority=[[Arthur Hay, 9th Marquess of Tweeddale|Tweeddale]], 1877|synonyms=''Penelopides panini affinis''}} '''Mindanao hornbill''' ('''''Penelopides affinis'''''), wanda aka fi sani da '''Mindanao tarictic hornbill''', matsakaici ne na ƙananan nau'ikan hornbill da aka samo a cikin gandun daji a Mindanao, Dinagat, Siargao da Basilan a kudancin [[Filipin|Philippines]].Dukkanin farashi biyar na Philippines an yi la'akari da nau'i ɗaya.Yawan jama'arta yana raguwa saboda lalacewar mazaunin, [[farauta]] da cinikin namun daji ba bisa ka'ida ba. Ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a farauta, kama ko mallaki ƙwayoyin Mindanao a ƙarƙashin Dokar Philippine RA 9147. <ref>{{Cite web |last=11th Congress |title=Republic Act No. 9147 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2001/07/30/republic-act-no-9417/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2001/07/30/republic-act-no-9417/ |website=Official Gazette of the Philippines}}</ref> == Bayyanawa da lissafi == Ebird ya bayyana shi a matsayin "Babban tsuntsu na lowland da kuma gandun daji. Ƙananan don hornbill. Bill ɗan gajeren lokaci tare da baƙar fata, kuma tare da fata mara kyau a kusa da idanu da gemu. Maza yana da ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙuƙwalwa da kai tare da baƙaƙen baki, da launin shudi mai launin shudi. Mace gaba ɗaya baƙar fata ne tare da ƙungiyar buffy ta tsakiyar wutsiyar da duhu. Rufous hornbill mai launin shuɗi yana faruwa a wasu daga cikin waɗannan yankuna, sau da yawa ana baƙar fata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Samar Hornbill - eBird |url=https://ebird.org/ebird/species/samhor1 |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=ebird.org |language=en}}</ref> A baya ya kasance nau'i ɗaya.Visayan hornbill, Luzon hornbill da Samar hornbill.Ya fi kama da Samar hornbill wanda aka sake raba shi daga kodayake wasu hukumomi sun yi imani da yadda ake bi da shi a matsayin nau'in jinsin guda.Ya bambanta da Mindanao hornbill saboda ya fi karami, kuma namiji yana da rufous uppertail.Kira kuma yana cikin ɗan ƙarami mafi girma.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Kirwan |first=Guy M. |last2=Kemp |first2=Alan C. |last3=Boesman |first3=Peter F. D. |date=2021 |title=Samar Hornbill (Penelopides samarensis), version 2.0 |url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/samhor1/2.0/introduction |journal=Birds of the World |language=en |doi=10.2173/bow.samhor1.02 |issn=2771-3105 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Ana zaton abincinsa yayi kama da sauran hornbills wato 'ya'yan itace, tsaba, kwari da kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa da dabbobi masu rarrafe.<ref name=":0" /> === Ƙananan nau'o'in === An gane nau'o'i biyu: * ''P. a. affinis'' (ƙananan nau'ikan da aka zaba).An samo shi a tsibirin Mindanao, Dinagat da Siargao. * ''P. a. basilanica''.An samo shi a tsibirin Basilan . Yana da zamantakewa kuma ana ganinsa sau da yawa a nau'i-nau'i ko ƙananan rukuni har zuwa tsuntsaye 12.Wadannan tsuntsaye suna da hayaniya, suna fitar da kira na ''ta-rik-tik'' ba tare da tsayawa ba, saboda haka sunan.Duk da hayaniya suna da wuyar samun su, suna da kyau a ɓoye su da yawa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Kirwan |first=Guy M. |last2=Kemp |first2=Alan C. |last3=Boesman |first3=Peter F. D. |date=2021 |title=Mindanao Hornbill (Penelopides affinis), version 2.0 |url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/minhor1/2.0/introduction |journal=Birds of the World |language=en |doi=10.2173/bow.minhor1.02 |issn=2771-3105 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Muhalli da halayyar == Da farko suna cin 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itacen ɓaure amma kuma an san su da cin kwari, [[Kadangare|lizards]] da sauran kananan dabbobi.Yawancin lokaci ana ganinsa nau'i-nau'i amma yana iya samar da garken tsuntsaye har zuwa 15. [[File:Penelopides_affinis.jpg|thumb|Maza]] Dukkanin hornbills suna da mace ɗaya kuma suna da aure har abada.Su ne masu kula da rami kuma suna dogaro da manyan bishiyoyi na dipterocarp don kiwo.Mace tana rufe kanta a cikin ramin itace kuma namiji yana da alhakin tattara abinci ga matansa da 'ya'yansa.Maza yana adana abinci a cikin jaka mai gular kuma yana fitar da shi don ciyar da matarsa da 'ya'yansa.Haɗin kai, inda tsuntsaye marasa girma daga lokutan da suka gabata ke taimakawa wajen ciyar da mace da kaza ba a lura da wannan nau'in ba har zuwa yanzu.Daga cikin hornbills na Philippines, an rubuta shi ne kawai tare da Rufous hornbill. Daga cikin tarictics, wannan nau'in yana daya daga cikin wadanda ba a yi nazari sosai ba amma an yi imanin cewa suna kama da mafi kyawun nazarin Luzon da Visayan hornbill.Girman clutch ana zaton ya zama 2 zuwa 3 ƙwai.Lokacin shayarwa ya ɗan gajeren lokaci fiye da Luzon hornbill a cikin kwanaki 25 kawai.A cikin bauta, kaji suna tashi a cikin kwanaki 47 zuwa 54.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kemp |first=Alan C. |last2=Boesman |first2=Peter F. D. |date=2020 |title=Luzon Hornbill (Penelopides manillae), version 1.0 |url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/luzhor1/1.0/introduction |journal=Birds of the World |language=en |doi=10.2173/bow.luzhor1.01 |issn=2771-3105 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Gida da matsayin kiyayewa == Yanayinta na halitta sune gandun daji mai laushi na wurare masu zafi tare da mafi yawan rikodin a ƙarƙashin mita 900 sama da matakin teku amma tare da rikodin har zuwa mita 1,450 sama da matakin tekun. Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya don Kula da Yanayi ta tantance nau'in a matsayin nau'in da ba su da damuwa ko da yake wannan har yanzu ya haɗa da Samar hornbill a matsayin wani ɓangare na kimantawa.Koyaya, Mindanao da Basilan sun sha wahala sosai a kan gandun daji a duk tsibirai da ke kewaye da ita shine babban barazana.Yawancin sauran gandun daji da ba a ba su kariya ba suna barin su cikin haɗari ga katako na doka da na haramtacce, juyawa zuwa gonaki ta hanyar Slash-and-burn da hakar ma'adinai.Ƙananan nau'ikan ''basilanica'' suna fuskantar barazana musamman saboda akwai hekta 230 kawai na gandun daji na farko da ya rage.Saboda halin da ake ciki na tsaro a Basilan, an sake tabbatar da shi ne kawai a cikin 2019. Wannan nau'in nau'in tarictic an kiyaye shi a ko'ina cikin bauta, amma saboda sake tsarawa ba a sani ba idan waɗannan tsuntsaye suna da zuriya mai tsabta. Wannan yana faruwa a wasu wuraren da aka kare kamar [[Dutsen Apo]], [[Dutsen Kitanglad]], Pasonanca Natural Park, [[Dutsen Kalatungan]] da [[Dutsen Malindang]] amma ainihin kariya daga katako ba bisa ka'ida ba, farauta, da farauta ba su da kyau. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4942xjy8xqwqndpz3zscpiigtzj62g4 974723 974722 2026-11-01T12:14:48Z Khaleel767 49732 974723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mindanao hornbill''' ('''''Penelopides affinis'''''), wanda aka fi sani da '''Mindanao tarictic hornbill''', matsakaici ne na ƙananan nau'ikan hornbill da aka samo a cikin gandun daji a Mindanao, Dinagat, Siargao da Basilan a kudancin [[Filipin|Philippines]].Dukkanin farashi biyar na Philippines an yi la'akari da nau'i ɗaya.Yawan jama'arta yana raguwa saboda lalacewar mazaunin, [[farauta]] da cinikin namun daji ba bisa ka'ida ba. Ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a farauta, kama ko mallaki ƙwayoyin Mindanao a ƙarƙashin Dokar Philippine RA 9147. <ref>{{Cite web |last=11th Congress |title=Republic Act No. 9147 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2001/07/30/republic-act-no-9417/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2001/07/30/republic-act-no-9417/ |website=Official Gazette of the Philippines}}</ref> == Bayyanawa da lissafi == Ebird ya bayyana shi a matsayin "Babban tsuntsu na lowland da kuma gandun daji. Ƙananan don hornbill. Bill ɗan gajeren lokaci tare da baƙar fata, kuma tare da fata mara kyau a kusa da idanu da gemu. Maza yana da ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙuƙwalwa da kai tare da baƙaƙen baki, da launin shudi mai launin shudi. Mace gaba ɗaya baƙar fata ne tare da ƙungiyar buffy ta tsakiyar wutsiyar da duhu. Rufous hornbill mai launin shuɗi yana faruwa a wasu daga cikin waɗannan yankuna, sau da yawa ana baƙar fata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Samar Hornbill - eBird |url=https://ebird.org/ebird/species/samhor1 |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=ebird.org |language=en}}</ref> A baya ya kasance nau'i ɗaya.Visayan hornbill, Luzon hornbill da Samar hornbill.Ya fi kama da Samar hornbill wanda aka sake raba shi daga kodayake wasu hukumomi sun yi imani da yadda ake bi da shi a matsayin nau'in jinsin guda.Ya bambanta da Mindanao hornbill saboda ya fi karami, kuma namiji yana da rufous uppertail.Kira kuma yana cikin ɗan ƙarami mafi girma.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Kirwan |first=Guy M. |last2=Kemp |first2=Alan C. |last3=Boesman |first3=Peter F. D. |date=2021 |title=Samar Hornbill (Penelopides samarensis), version 2.0 |url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/samhor1/2.0/introduction |journal=Birds of the World |language=en |doi=10.2173/bow.samhor1.02 |issn=2771-3105 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Ana zaton abincinsa yayi kama da sauran hornbills wato 'ya'yan itace, tsaba, kwari da kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa da dabbobi masu rarrafe.<ref name=":0" /> === Ƙananan nau'o'in === An gane nau'o'i biyu: * ''P. a. affinis'' (ƙananan nau'ikan da aka zaba).An samo shi a tsibirin Mindanao, Dinagat da Siargao. * ''P. a. basilanica''.An samo shi a tsibirin Basilan . Yana da zamantakewa kuma ana ganinsa sau da yawa a nau'i-nau'i ko ƙananan rukuni har zuwa tsuntsaye 12.Wadannan tsuntsaye suna da hayaniya, suna fitar da kira na ''ta-rik-tik'' ba tare da tsayawa ba, saboda haka sunan.Duk da hayaniya suna da wuyar samun su, suna da kyau a ɓoye su da yawa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Kirwan |first=Guy M. |last2=Kemp |first2=Alan C. |last3=Boesman |first3=Peter F. D. |date=2021 |title=Mindanao Hornbill (Penelopides affinis), version 2.0 |url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/minhor1/2.0/introduction |journal=Birds of the World |language=en |doi=10.2173/bow.minhor1.02 |issn=2771-3105 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Muhalli da halayyar == Da farko suna cin 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itacen ɓaure amma kuma an san su da cin kwari, [[Kadangare|lizards]] da sauran kananan dabbobi.Yawancin lokaci ana ganinsa nau'i-nau'i amma yana iya samar da garken tsuntsaye har zuwa 15. [[File:Penelopides_affinis.jpg|thumb|Maza]] Dukkanin hornbills suna da mace ɗaya kuma suna da aure har abada.Su ne masu kula da rami kuma suna dogaro da manyan bishiyoyi na dipterocarp don kiwo.Mace tana rufe kanta a cikin ramin itace kuma namiji yana da alhakin tattara abinci ga matansa da 'ya'yansa.Maza yana adana abinci a cikin jaka mai gular kuma yana fitar da shi don ciyar da matarsa da 'ya'yansa.Haɗin kai, inda tsuntsaye marasa girma daga lokutan da suka gabata ke taimakawa wajen ciyar da mace da kaza ba a lura da wannan nau'in ba har zuwa yanzu.Daga cikin hornbills na Philippines, an rubuta shi ne kawai tare da Rufous hornbill. Daga cikin tarictics, wannan nau'in yana daya daga cikin wadanda ba a yi nazari sosai ba amma an yi imanin cewa suna kama da mafi kyawun nazarin Luzon da Visayan hornbill.Girman clutch ana zaton ya zama 2 zuwa 3 ƙwai.Lokacin shayarwa ya ɗan gajeren lokaci fiye da Luzon hornbill a cikin kwanaki 25 kawai.A cikin bauta, kaji suna tashi a cikin kwanaki 47 zuwa 54.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kemp |first=Alan C. |last2=Boesman |first2=Peter F. D. |date=2020 |title=Luzon Hornbill (Penelopides manillae), version 1.0 |url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/luzhor1/1.0/introduction |journal=Birds of the World |language=en |doi=10.2173/bow.luzhor1.01 |issn=2771-3105 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Gida da matsayin kiyayewa == Yanayinta na halitta sune gandun daji mai laushi na wurare masu zafi tare da mafi yawan rikodin a ƙarƙashin mita 900 sama da matakin teku amma tare da rikodin har zuwa mita 1,450 sama da matakin tekun. Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya don Kula da Yanayi ta tantance nau'in a matsayin nau'in da ba su da damuwa ko da yake wannan har yanzu ya haɗa da Samar hornbill a matsayin wani ɓangare na kimantawa.Koyaya, Mindanao da Basilan sun sha wahala sosai a kan gandun daji a duk tsibirai da ke kewaye da ita shine babban barazana.Yawancin sauran gandun daji da ba a ba su kariya ba suna barin su cikin haɗari ga katako na doka da na haramtacce, juyawa zuwa gonaki ta hanyar Slash-and-burn da hakar ma'adinai.Ƙananan nau'ikan ''basilanica'' suna fuskantar barazana musamman saboda akwai hekta 230 kawai na gandun daji na farko da ya rage.Saboda halin da ake ciki na tsaro a Basilan, an sake tabbatar da shi ne kawai a cikin 2019. Wannan nau'in nau'in tarictic an kiyaye shi a ko'ina cikin bauta, amma saboda sake tsarawa ba a sani ba idan waɗannan tsuntsaye suna da zuriya mai tsabta. Wannan yana faruwa a wasu wuraren da aka kare kamar [[Dutsen Apo]], [[Dutsen Kitanglad]], Pasonanca Natural Park, [[Dutsen Kalatungan]] da [[Dutsen Malindang]] amma ainihin kariya daga katako ba bisa ka'ida ba, farauta, da farauta ba su da kyau. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ohe2z4ktshl0jpnkxn6klg532b8s042 0 180489 974724 2026-11-01T12:15:08Z Khaleel767 49732 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1382809885|Mario Rivas (footballer, born 2007)]]" 974724 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mario Rivas Lagos''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2007) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Spain wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya na Real Madrid Castilla . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Rivas a ranar 6 ga Maris 2007 a [[Sevilla|Seville]], Spain .Dan asalin [[Sevilla|Seville]], Spain, shi ne ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Mutanen Espanya Nano Rivas . <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2025 |title=Quién es Mario Rivas, el central al que recurre de urgencia Ancelotti e hijo de un entrenador... del Atlético de Madrid C |trans-title=Who is Mario Rivas, the central defender that Ancelotti urgently calls on and the son of a coach... from Atlético de Madrid C |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/liga-primera/mario-rivas-central-emergencia-recurre-20250204154424-nt.html |access-date=7 February 2025 |publisher=[[Relevo]] |language=es}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == A matsayinsa na dan wasan matasa, Rivas ya shiga makarantar matasa ta UD Bétera . <ref>{{Cite web |title=REAL MADRID C.F. - ERROR |url=https://www.realmadrid.com/es-ES/futbol/cantera-masculina/juvenil-a/mario-rivas-lagos |website=www.realmadrid.com}}</ref> A shekara ta 2016, ya shiga makarantar matasa ta [[Getafe CF|Getafe]] .Daga baya, ya shiga makarantar matasa ta La Liga ta [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]], inda ya taka leda a gasar UEFA Youth League, kuma an kara shi zuwa [[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] C ta kulob din a 2024.A wannan shekarar, an inganta shi zuwa Ƙungiyar ajiya su.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 February 2025 |title=Mario Rivas, el último alumno de ‘Carletto’ |trans-title=Mario Rivas, the last student of 'Carletto' |url=https://as.com/futbol/copa_del_rey/mario-rivas-el-ultimo-alumno-de-carletto-n/ |access-date=7 February 2025 |publisher=[[Diario AS]] |language=es}}</ref> == Hanyar wasa == Rivas yana taka leda a matsayin mai basira sosai, mai hadawa, kuma mai tsaron gida mai tsakiya.Jaridar Mutanen Espanya Okdiario ta rubuta a cikin 2025 cewa yana da "mai sauri, mai sauyawa, yana da kyakkyawar aikin ƙafa kuma yana da ikon yin tsammanin".<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2025 |title=Quién es Mario Rivas, canterano y nueva apuesta de Ancelotti para el central |trans-title=Who is Mario Rivas, a youth player and Ancelotti's new bet for the centre-back position? |url=https://okdiario.com/diariomadridista/cantera/mario-rivas-relevo-asencio-castilla-que-tambien-impresiona-482057 |access-date=7 February 2025 |publisher=[[Okdiario]] |language=es}}</ref> Madrid Universal ta rubuta a watan Fabrairun 2025: "Ikonsa na karanta wasan da kuma tsammanin wasanni ba tare da dogaro da jiki ba shine abin da ya raba shi. Duk da yake har yanzu yana da damar girma a jiki, matsayi na Rivas da fahimtar wasan ya ba shi suna a Valdebebas [Gidan horo na Real Madrid].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Swapnil |date=2025-02-05 |title=Who is Mario Rivas – Real Madrid’s 17-year-old defender called up for Leganes clash |url=https://madriduniversal.com/who-is-mario-rivas-real-madrids-17-year-old-defender-called-up-for-leganes-clash/ |access-date=2026-08-09 |website=Madrid Universal |language=en-US}}</ref> == Daraja == '''Spain U19''' * Gasar Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19: 2026 <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2026 |title=2026 Under-19 EURO final report: Spain overcome Germany to seal tenth title |url=https://www.uefa.com/under19/news/02a7-2114bbaa1133-7d48cf3671c0-1000--2026-under-19-euro-final-report-spain-overcome-germany-to-s/ |access-date=11 July 2026 |website=[[UEFA]] |language=en}}</ref> '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * Kungiyar Wasanni ta Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19 ta UEFA: 2026 <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2026 |title=2026 Under-19 EURO Team of the Tournament |url=https://www.uefa.com/under19/news/02a7-2118704726c7-538ae5e6641e-1000--2026-under-19-euro-team-of-the-tournament/ |access-date=13 July 2026 |website=UEFA}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 1qk29bwdupg5qis69p6hitab2sw3w31 974725 974724 2026-11-01T12:15:36Z Khaleel767 49732 974725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mario Rivas Lagos''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2007) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Spain wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya na Real Madrid Castilla . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Rivas a ranar 6 ga Maris 2007 a [[Sevilla|Seville]], Spain .Dan asalin [[Sevilla|Seville]], Spain, shi ne ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Mutanen Espanya Nano Rivas . <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2025 |title=Quién es Mario Rivas, el central al que recurre de urgencia Ancelotti e hijo de un entrenador... del Atlético de Madrid C |trans-title=Who is Mario Rivas, the central defender that Ancelotti urgently calls on and the son of a coach... from Atlético de Madrid C |url=https://www.relevo.com/futbol/liga-primera/mario-rivas-central-emergencia-recurre-20250204154424-nt.html |access-date=7 February 2025 |publisher=[[Relevo]] |language=es}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == A matsayinsa na dan wasan matasa, Rivas ya shiga makarantar matasa ta UD Bétera . <ref>{{Cite web |title=REAL MADRID C.F. - ERROR |url=https://www.realmadrid.com/es-ES/futbol/cantera-masculina/juvenil-a/mario-rivas-lagos |website=www.realmadrid.com}}</ref> A shekara ta 2016, ya shiga makarantar matasa ta [[Getafe CF|Getafe]] .Daga baya, ya shiga makarantar matasa ta La Liga ta [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]], inda ya taka leda a gasar UEFA Youth League, kuma an kara shi zuwa [[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] C ta kulob din a 2024.A wannan shekarar, an inganta shi zuwa Ƙungiyar ajiya su.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 February 2025 |title=Mario Rivas, el último alumno de ‘Carletto’ |trans-title=Mario Rivas, the last student of 'Carletto' |url=https://as.com/futbol/copa_del_rey/mario-rivas-el-ultimo-alumno-de-carletto-n/ |access-date=7 February 2025 |publisher=[[Diario AS]] |language=es}}</ref> == Hanyar wasa == Rivas yana taka leda a matsayin mai basira sosai, mai hadawa, kuma mai tsaron gida mai tsakiya.Jaridar Mutanen Espanya Okdiario ta rubuta a cikin 2025 cewa yana da "mai sauri, mai sauyawa, yana da kyakkyawar aikin ƙafa kuma yana da ikon yin tsammanin".<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2025 |title=Quién es Mario Rivas, canterano y nueva apuesta de Ancelotti para el central |trans-title=Who is Mario Rivas, a youth player and Ancelotti's new bet for the centre-back position? |url=https://okdiario.com/diariomadridista/cantera/mario-rivas-relevo-asencio-castilla-que-tambien-impresiona-482057 |access-date=7 February 2025 |publisher=[[Okdiario]] |language=es}}</ref> Madrid Universal ta rubuta a watan Fabrairun 2025: "Ikonsa na karanta wasan da kuma tsammanin wasanni ba tare da dogaro da jiki ba shine abin da ya raba shi. Duk da yake har yanzu yana da damar girma a jiki, matsayi na Rivas da fahimtar wasan ya ba shi suna a Valdebebas [Gidan horo na Real Madrid].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Swapnil |date=2025-02-05 |title=Who is Mario Rivas – Real Madrid’s 17-year-old defender called up for Leganes clash |url=https://madriduniversal.com/who-is-mario-rivas-real-madrids-17-year-old-defender-called-up-for-leganes-clash/ |access-date=2026-08-09 |website=Madrid Universal |language=en-US}}</ref> == Daraja == '''Spain U19''' * Gasar Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19: 2026 <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2026 |title=2026 Under-19 EURO final report: Spain overcome Germany to seal tenth title |url=https://www.uefa.com/under19/news/02a7-2114bbaa1133-7d48cf3671c0-1000--2026-under-19-euro-final-report-spain-overcome-germany-to-s/ |access-date=11 July 2026 |website=[[UEFA]] |language=en}}</ref> '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * Kungiyar Wasanni ta Turai ta kasa da shekaru 19 ta UEFA: 2026 <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2026 |title=2026 Under-19 EURO Team of the Tournament |url=https://www.uefa.com/under19/news/02a7-2118704726c7-538ae5e6641e-1000--2026-under-19-euro-team-of-the-tournament/ |access-date=13 July 2026 |website=UEFA}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] qnc346jxeit1spqwq4jg6mlpoxphqch 0 180490 974726 2026-11-01T12:15:47Z Khaleel767 49732 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1382180360|Matías Giménez (footballer, born 1999)]]" 974726 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matías Daniel Giménez Rojas''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1999) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Colombia wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya na Argentinos Juniors . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Matias Gimenez Stats {{!}} Soccerway |url=https://www.soccerway.com/player/gimenez-matias/40Q5CqWD/ |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=www.soccerway.com |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === San Martín SJ === Giménez ya zo ne ta hanyar matasa a San Martín SJ, inda ya fara bugawa tawagarsa ta farko a ranar 24 ga watan Agusta 2019 a cikin nasara 1-0 ga Estudiantes BA . Ya zira kwallaye na farko a ranar 21 ga watan Disamba 2020 a wasan 1-1 da ya yi da Mitre.<ref>{{Cite web |title=San Martín mereció el triunfo, pero terminó empatando 1 a 1 con Mitre |url=https://www.diariohuarpe.com/nota/san-martin-merecio-el-triunfo-pero-termino-empatando-1-a-1-con-mitre-2020122023580 |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=Diario Huarpe |language=es}}</ref> === Mai zaman kansa === A watan Janairun 2023, ya shiga kungiyar Liga Profesional Independiente don kuɗin kusan $ 800,000.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-02 |title=Otro refuerzo más: Independiente presentó a un jugador del ascenso - TyC Sports |url=https://www.tycsports.com/independiente/matias-gimenez-independiente-id485091.html |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=www.tycsports.com |language=es-AR}}</ref> Ya fara bugawa a ranar 28 ga watan Janairu a cikin nasara 1-0 a kan Talleros.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gutierrez |first=Jayro |date=2023-01-27 |title=Independiente debutó con victoria 1-0 sobre Talleres |url=https://www.futbolargentino.com/primera-division/noticias/talleres-vs-independiente-en-vivo-online-en-directo-por-la-liga-profesional-de-futbol-387301 |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=Futbolargentino.com |language=spanish}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye na farko a kulob din a ranar 18 ga Maris 2023, a wasan 2-2 da ya yi da Colón.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-19 |title=En un partido increíble, Independiente no aguantó y Colón se lo empató en la última jugada |url=https://tn.com.ar/deportes/futbol/2023/03/18/independiente-recibe-a-colon-en-un-partido-determinante-para-el-ciclo-de-leandro-stillitano/ |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=Todo Noticias |language=es}}</ref> Ya sake zira kwallaye mako guda bayan haka a nasarar 3-0 a kan Ciudad de Bolívar a Copa Argentina . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-03-26 |title=Independiente goleó 3-0 a Ciudad de Bolívar en La Plata y avanzó en la Copa Argentina |url=https://www.infobae.com/deportes/2023/03/26/independiente-debuta-en-la-copa-argentina-ante-ciudad-de-bolivar-hora-tv-y-formaciones/ |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Mayu 2025, ya zira kwallaye sau biyu a gasar cin kofin Sudamericana a wasan da ya ci 5-1 a kungiyar Boston River ta Uruguay. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bettinotti |first=Gustavo |date=2025-05-07 |title=Volvió a la victoria y depende de sí mismo |url=https://www.locoxelrojo.com/independiente/2025/05/06/gano-goleo-y-depende-de-si-mismo/ |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=LocoXelRojo.com {{!}} Club Atlético Independiente |language=es-AR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Copa Sudamericana: Gimenez brace lifts Independiente to second in group |url=https://english.news.cn/20250507/72df4b0dee0e4f958f21a827bc1efa82/c.html |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=english.news.cn |language=en}}</ref> === 'Yan wasan Argentina === A watan Yulin 2025, ya shiga kungiyar Liga Profesional ta Argentinos Juniors, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwangila har zuwa karshen shekara ta 2029.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-07-10 |title=Matías Giménez se despidió de Independiente y seguirá su carrera en Argentinos |url=https://www.ole.com.ar/futbol-primera/independiente-matias-gimenez-argentinos-delantero-pase_0_GT8Cs0fOdT.html |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=Olé |language=es-AR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2025-07-18 |title=Argentinos Juniors oficializó el fichaje de Matías Giménez |url=https://espndeportes.espn.com/futbol/argentina/nota/_/id/15441143/argentinos-juniors-fichaje-matias-gimenez-rojas-independiente |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=ESPNdeportes.com |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga watan Satumba a cikin nasarar 3-0 a kan Banfield, ya sha wahala a kan fashewar ligament na baya tare da kimanin lokacin dawowa ya kasance aƙalla watanni 6.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-22 |title=Argentinos confirmó la gravísima lesión de Giménez Rojas - TyC Sports |url=https://www.tycsports.com/liga-profesional-de-futbol/argentinos-juniors-confirmo-gravisima-lesion-matias-gimenez-rojas-nicolas-diez-torneo-clausura-id687776.html |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=www.tycsports.com |language=es-AR}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == {{Updated|19 February 2026}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin{{Efn|Includes [[Copa Argentina]]}} ! colspan="2" |Yankin nahiyar ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="5" |San Martín SJ |2019–20 | rowspan="4" |Farko na kasa |15 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |15 |0 |- |2020 |9 |2 |2 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |11 |3 |- |2021 |30 |8 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |30 |8 |- |2022 |36 |14 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |36 |14 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !90 !24 !2 !1 !0 !0 !0 !0 !92 !25 |- | rowspan="4" |Mai zaman kansa |2023 | rowspan="3" |Kungiyar Kwararru |40 |9 |3 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |43 |10 |- |2024 |8 |2 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |8 |2 |- |2025 |16 |0 |2 |0 |4{{Efn|Appearances in [[Copa Sudamericana]]}} |2 | colspan="2" | - |22 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !64 !11 !5 !1 !4 !2 !0 !0 !73 !14 |- |'Yan wasan Argentina |2025 |Kungiyar Kwararru |8 |1 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |10 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !162 !36 !9 !2 !4 !2 !0 !0 !175 !40 |} {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]] a3lqui4exqc7ygt8iy1178xyqrvfqwi 974727 974726 2026-11-01T12:16:20Z Khaleel767 49732 974727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Matías Daniel Giménez Rojas''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1999) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Colombia wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya na Argentinos Juniors . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Matias Gimenez Stats {{!}} Soccerway |url=https://www.soccerway.com/player/gimenez-matias/40Q5CqWD/ |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=www.soccerway.com |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === San Martín SJ === Giménez ya zo ne ta hanyar matasa a San Martín SJ, inda ya fara bugawa tawagarsa ta farko a ranar 24 ga watan Agusta 2019 a cikin nasara 1-0 ga Estudiantes BA . Ya zira kwallaye na farko a ranar 21 ga watan Disamba 2020 a wasan 1-1 da ya yi da Mitre.<ref>{{Cite web |title=San Martín mereció el triunfo, pero terminó empatando 1 a 1 con Mitre |url=https://www.diariohuarpe.com/nota/san-martin-merecio-el-triunfo-pero-termino-empatando-1-a-1-con-mitre-2020122023580 |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=Diario Huarpe |language=es}}</ref> === Mai zaman kansa === A watan Janairun 2023, ya shiga kungiyar Liga Profesional Independiente don kuɗin kusan $ 800,000.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-02 |title=Otro refuerzo más: Independiente presentó a un jugador del ascenso - TyC Sports |url=https://www.tycsports.com/independiente/matias-gimenez-independiente-id485091.html |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=www.tycsports.com |language=es-AR}}</ref> Ya fara bugawa a ranar 28 ga watan Janairu a cikin nasara 1-0 a kan Talleros.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gutierrez |first=Jayro |date=2023-01-27 |title=Independiente debutó con victoria 1-0 sobre Talleres |url=https://www.futbolargentino.com/primera-division/noticias/talleres-vs-independiente-en-vivo-online-en-directo-por-la-liga-profesional-de-futbol-387301 |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=Futbolargentino.com |language=spanish}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye na farko a kulob din a ranar 18 ga Maris 2023, a wasan 2-2 da ya yi da Colón.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-19 |title=En un partido increíble, Independiente no aguantó y Colón se lo empató en la última jugada |url=https://tn.com.ar/deportes/futbol/2023/03/18/independiente-recibe-a-colon-en-un-partido-determinante-para-el-ciclo-de-leandro-stillitano/ |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=Todo Noticias |language=es}}</ref> Ya sake zira kwallaye mako guda bayan haka a nasarar 3-0 a kan Ciudad de Bolívar a Copa Argentina . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-03-26 |title=Independiente goleó 3-0 a Ciudad de Bolívar en La Plata y avanzó en la Copa Argentina |url=https://www.infobae.com/deportes/2023/03/26/independiente-debuta-en-la-copa-argentina-ante-ciudad-de-bolivar-hora-tv-y-formaciones/ |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=infobae |language=es-ES}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Mayu 2025, ya zira kwallaye sau biyu a gasar cin kofin Sudamericana a wasan da ya ci 5-1 a kungiyar Boston River ta Uruguay. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bettinotti |first=Gustavo |date=2025-05-07 |title=Volvió a la victoria y depende de sí mismo |url=https://www.locoxelrojo.com/independiente/2025/05/06/gano-goleo-y-depende-de-si-mismo/ |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=LocoXelRojo.com {{!}} Club Atlético Independiente |language=es-AR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Copa Sudamericana: Gimenez brace lifts Independiente to second in group |url=https://english.news.cn/20250507/72df4b0dee0e4f958f21a827bc1efa82/c.html |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=english.news.cn |language=en}}</ref> === 'Yan wasan Argentina === A watan Yulin 2025, ya shiga kungiyar Liga Profesional ta Argentinos Juniors, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwangila har zuwa karshen shekara ta 2029.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-07-10 |title=Matías Giménez se despidió de Independiente y seguirá su carrera en Argentinos |url=https://www.ole.com.ar/futbol-primera/independiente-matias-gimenez-argentinos-delantero-pase_0_GT8Cs0fOdT.html |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=Olé |language=es-AR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2025-07-18 |title=Argentinos Juniors oficializó el fichaje de Matías Giménez |url=https://espndeportes.espn.com/futbol/argentina/nota/_/id/15441143/argentinos-juniors-fichaje-matias-gimenez-rojas-independiente |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=ESPNdeportes.com |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga watan Satumba a cikin nasarar 3-0 a kan Banfield, ya sha wahala a kan fashewar ligament na baya tare da kimanin lokacin dawowa ya kasance aƙalla watanni 6.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-22 |title=Argentinos confirmó la gravísima lesión de Giménez Rojas - TyC Sports |url=https://www.tycsports.com/liga-profesional-de-futbol/argentinos-juniors-confirmo-gravisima-lesion-matias-gimenez-rojas-nicolas-diez-torneo-clausura-id687776.html |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=www.tycsports.com |language=es-AR}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == {{Updated|19 February 2026}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin{{Efn|Includes [[Copa Argentina]]}} ! colspan="2" |Yankin nahiyar ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="5" |San Martín SJ |2019–20 | rowspan="4" |Farko na kasa |15 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |15 |0 |- |2020 |9 |2 |2 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |11 |3 |- |2021 |30 |8 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |30 |8 |- |2022 |36 |14 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |36 |14 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !90 !24 !2 !1 !0 !0 !0 !0 !92 !25 |- | rowspan="4" |Mai zaman kansa |2023 | rowspan="3" |Kungiyar Kwararru |40 |9 |3 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |43 |10 |- |2024 |8 |2 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |8 |2 |- |2025 |16 |0 |2 |0 |4{{Efn|Appearances in [[Copa Sudamericana]]}} |2 | colspan="2" | - |22 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !64 !11 !5 !1 !4 !2 !0 !0 !73 !14 |- |'Yan wasan Argentina |2025 |Kungiyar Kwararru |8 |1 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |10 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !162 !36 !9 !2 !4 !2 !0 !0 !175 !40 |} {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]] kngw6ou5o7kxlvs8kdcwe91po2elaym 0 180491 974730 2026-11-01T12:32:15Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 Sabon shafi: {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' (An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996) 974730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' (An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996) ju341jtm0wx3i8mego0y306za22v8ad 974731 974730 2026-11-01T12:32:43Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 974731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' (An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996) ==Manazarta== id7s8ybsq6789tj40wbywgx4cnxy1pp 974732 974731 2026-11-01T12:33:16Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 974732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' <ref>{{cite web |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Rise Sign Former Florida Four-Time All-American Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2025/08/rise-sign-former-florida-four-time-all-american-rhamat-alhassan |access-date=July 8, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref>(An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996) ==Manazarta== 4rp3sjybtnqmx3fw487u0liq7zuc2nm 974733 974732 2026-11-01T12:34:30Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 974733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' <ref>{{cite web |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Rise Sign Former Florida Four-Time All-American Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2025/08/rise-sign-former-florida-four-time-all-american-rhamat-alhassan |access-date=July 8, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref>(An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996)'Yar wasan volleyball ce 'yar ƙasar Amurka, wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai toshe ƙwallo a tsakiya. Ta buga wa tawagar ƙwallon volleyball ta mata ta Amurka wasa daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2022. ==Manazarta== sd0cebm4pv1enax35lr360wiloxdzcb 974734 974733 2026-11-01T12:35:11Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 974734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' <ref>{{cite web |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Rise Sign Former Florida Four-Time All-American Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2025/08/rise-sign-former-florida-four-time-all-american-rhamat-alhassan |access-date=July 8, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref>(An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996)'Yar wasan volleyball ce 'yar ƙasar Amurka, wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai toshe ƙwallo a tsakiya. Ta buga wa tawagar ƙwallon volleyball ta mata ta Amurka wasa daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2022.A Jami'ar Florida, ta kasance ƙwararren ɗan Amurka Ba-Amurke sau huɗu. ==Manazarta== 7457y6kukiu1c89krh1jpj5czofnyao 974735 974734 2026-11-01T12:36:11Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 974735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' <ref>{{cite web |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Rise Sign Former Florida Four-Time All-American Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2025/08/rise-sign-former-florida-four-time-all-american-rhamat-alhassan |access-date=July 8, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref>(An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996)'Yar wasan volleyball ce 'yar ƙasar Amurka, wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai toshe ƙwallo a tsakiya. Ta buga wa tawagar ƙwallon volleyball ta mata ta Amurka wasa daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2022.A Jami'ar Florida, ta kasance ƙwararren ɗan Amurka Ba-Amurke sau huɗu. ==Rayuwan Farko== ==Manazarta== gyqzbqvnaym11sy3h0qfd5z36tpd0kb 974736 974735 2026-11-01T12:38:29Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 /* Rayuwan Farko */ 974736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' <ref>{{cite web |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Rise Sign Former Florida Four-Time All-American Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2025/08/rise-sign-former-florida-four-time-all-american-rhamat-alhassan |access-date=July 8, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref>(An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996)'Yar wasan volleyball ce 'yar ƙasar Amurka, wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai toshe ƙwallo a tsakiya. Ta buga wa tawagar ƙwallon volleyball ta mata ta Amurka wasa daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2022.A Jami'ar Florida, ta kasance ƙwararren ɗan Amurka Ba-Amurke sau huɗu. ==Rayuwan Farko== An haife Alhassan a Glenarden, Maryland ==Manazarta== 6fpodunl40vlyxw940hbtjcxcvuwgge 974737 974736 2026-11-01T12:40:28Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 /* Rayuwan Farko */ 974737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' <ref>{{cite web |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Rise Sign Former Florida Four-Time All-American Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2025/08/rise-sign-former-florida-four-time-all-american-rhamat-alhassan |access-date=July 8, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref>(An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996)'Yar wasan volleyball ce 'yar ƙasar Amurka, wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai toshe ƙwallo a tsakiya. Ta buga wa tawagar ƙwallon volleyball ta mata ta Amurka wasa daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2022.A Jami'ar Florida, ta kasance ƙwararren ɗan Amurka Ba-Amurke sau huɗu. ==Rayuwan Farko== An haife Alhassan a Glenarden, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://www.teamusa.com/profiles/rhamat-alhassan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206133103/http://www.teamusa.org/usa-volleyball/athletes/Rhamat-Alhassan |archive-date=December 6, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Team USA}}</ref> ==Manazarta== ant5gf2cvl5jfukhf4ig36d004bwi97 974738 974737 2026-11-01T12:41:28Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 /* Rayuwan Farko */ 974738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' <ref>{{cite web |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Rise Sign Former Florida Four-Time All-American Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2025/08/rise-sign-former-florida-four-time-all-american-rhamat-alhassan |access-date=July 8, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref>(An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996)'Yar wasan volleyball ce 'yar ƙasar Amurka, wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai toshe ƙwallo a tsakiya. Ta buga wa tawagar ƙwallon volleyball ta mata ta Amurka wasa daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2022.A Jami'ar Florida, ta kasance ƙwararren ɗan Amurka Ba-Amurke sau huɗu. ==Rayuwan Farko== An haife Alhassan a Glenarden, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://www.teamusa.com/profiles/rhamat-alhassan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206133103/http://www.teamusa.org/usa-volleyball/athletes/Rhamat-Alhassan |archive-date=December 6, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Team USA}}</ref>Iyayenta ’yan gudun hijira ne ’yan Ghana, kuma ta girma tana jin Turanci da Hausa. ==Manazarta== okgh2bn23dbk9vwqpep0m965t1rhr4b 974739 974738 2026-11-01T12:42:59Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 /* Rayuwan Farko */ 974739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' <ref>{{cite web |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Rise Sign Former Florida Four-Time All-American Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2025/08/rise-sign-former-florida-four-time-all-american-rhamat-alhassan |access-date=July 8, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref>(An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996)'Yar wasan volleyball ce 'yar ƙasar Amurka, wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai toshe ƙwallo a tsakiya. Ta buga wa tawagar ƙwallon volleyball ta mata ta Amurka wasa daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2022.A Jami'ar Florida, ta kasance ƙwararren ɗan Amurka Ba-Amurke sau huɗu. ==Rayuwan Farko== An haife Alhassan a Glenarden, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://www.teamusa.com/profiles/rhamat-alhassan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206133103/http://www.teamusa.org/usa-volleyball/athletes/Rhamat-Alhassan |archive-date=December 6, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Team USA}}</ref>Iyayenta ’yan gudun hijira ne ’yan Ghana, kuma ta girma tana jin Turanci da Hausa.<ref>{{cite web |last=Eisen |first=Alex |date=March 18, 2026 |title=On her own terms |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2026/03/on-her-own-terms |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dooley |first=Pat |date=August 20, 2017 |title=Alhassan's journey enters final season |url=https://www.gainesville.com/story/sports/college/2017/08/20/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season/19409992007/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820183424/http://www.gainesville.com:80/sports/20170820/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season |archive-date=August 20, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |work=The Gainesville Sun}}</ref> ==Manazarta== mbttep7606p9ttvzcz5hnftyk6hy52d 974740 974739 2026-11-01T12:44:07Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 /* Rayuwan Farko */ 974740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' <ref>{{cite web |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Rise Sign Former Florida Four-Time All-American Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2025/08/rise-sign-former-florida-four-time-all-american-rhamat-alhassan |access-date=July 8, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref>(An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996)'Yar wasan volleyball ce 'yar ƙasar Amurka, wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai toshe ƙwallo a tsakiya. Ta buga wa tawagar ƙwallon volleyball ta mata ta Amurka wasa daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2022.A Jami'ar Florida, ta kasance ƙwararren ɗan Amurka Ba-Amurke sau huɗu. ==Rayuwan Farko== An haife Alhassan a Glenarden, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://www.teamusa.com/profiles/rhamat-alhassan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206133103/http://www.teamusa.org/usa-volleyball/athletes/Rhamat-Alhassan |archive-date=December 6, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Team USA}}</ref>Iyayenta ’yan gudun hijira ne ’yan Ghana, kuma ta girma tana jin Turanci da Hausa.<ref>{{cite web |last=Eisen |first=Alex |date=March 18, 2026 |title=On her own terms |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2026/03/on-her-own-terms |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dooley |first=Pat |date=August 20, 2017 |title=Alhassan's journey enters final season |url=https://www.gainesville.com/story/sports/college/2017/08/20/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season/19409992007/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820183424/http://www.gainesville.com:80/sports/20170820/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season |archive-date=August 20, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |work=The Gainesville Sun}}</ref>Ta fara buga ƙwallon kwando a aji na bakwai, kuma ba ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ba har sai da ta yi shekara ta biyu a makarantar sakandare, a The Academy of the Holy Cross a Kensington, Maryland. ==Manazarta== px2yqblhcodow01a3ud7yqwi0pyp70t 974741 974740 2026-11-01T12:44:50Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 /* Rayuwan Farko */ 974741 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' <ref>{{cite web |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Rise Sign Former Florida Four-Time All-American Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2025/08/rise-sign-former-florida-four-time-all-american-rhamat-alhassan |access-date=July 8, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref>(An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996)'Yar wasan volleyball ce 'yar ƙasar Amurka, wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai toshe ƙwallo a tsakiya. Ta buga wa tawagar ƙwallon volleyball ta mata ta Amurka wasa daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2022.A Jami'ar Florida, ta kasance ƙwararren ɗan Amurka Ba-Amurke sau huɗu. ==Rayuwan Farko== An haife Alhassan a Glenarden, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://www.teamusa.com/profiles/rhamat-alhassan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206133103/http://www.teamusa.org/usa-volleyball/athletes/Rhamat-Alhassan |archive-date=December 6, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Team USA}}</ref>Iyayenta ’yan gudun hijira ne ’yan Ghana, kuma ta girma tana jin Turanci da Hausa.<ref>{{cite web |last=Eisen |first=Alex |date=March 18, 2026 |title=On her own terms |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2026/03/on-her-own-terms |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dooley |first=Pat |date=August 20, 2017 |title=Alhassan's journey enters final season |url=https://www.gainesville.com/story/sports/college/2017/08/20/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season/19409992007/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820183424/http://www.gainesville.com:80/sports/20170820/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season |archive-date=August 20, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |work=The Gainesville Sun}}</ref>Ta fara buga ƙwallon kwando a aji na bakwai, kuma ba ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ba har sai da ta yi shekara ta biyu a makarantar sakandare, a The Academy of the Holy Cross a Kensington, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FEATURE: Rhamat Alhassan Leaving Her Mark on Gator Volleyball |url=http://www.wruf.com/headlines/2017/12/08/feature-rhamat-alhassan-leaving-mark-gator-volleyball/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=ESPN 98.1 FM - 850 AM WRUF |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Manazarta== b7imvjt52pdxe0qm3kwtegtqi0hbhii 974742 974741 2026-11-01T12:45:41Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 /* Rayuwan Farko */ 974742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' <ref>{{cite web |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Rise Sign Former Florida Four-Time All-American Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2025/08/rise-sign-former-florida-four-time-all-american-rhamat-alhassan |access-date=July 8, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref>(An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996)'Yar wasan volleyball ce 'yar ƙasar Amurka, wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai toshe ƙwallo a tsakiya. Ta buga wa tawagar ƙwallon volleyball ta mata ta Amurka wasa daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2022.A Jami'ar Florida, ta kasance ƙwararren ɗan Amurka Ba-Amurke sau huɗu. ==Rayuwan Farko== An haife Alhassan a Glenarden, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://www.teamusa.com/profiles/rhamat-alhassan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206133103/http://www.teamusa.org/usa-volleyball/athletes/Rhamat-Alhassan |archive-date=December 6, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Team USA}}</ref>Iyayenta ’yan gudun hijira ne ’yan Ghana, kuma ta girma tana jin Turanci da Hausa.<ref>{{cite web |last=Eisen |first=Alex |date=March 18, 2026 |title=On her own terms |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2026/03/on-her-own-terms |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dooley |first=Pat |date=August 20, 2017 |title=Alhassan's journey enters final season |url=https://www.gainesville.com/story/sports/college/2017/08/20/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season/19409992007/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820183424/http://www.gainesville.com:80/sports/20170820/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season |archive-date=August 20, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |work=The Gainesville Sun}}</ref>Ta fara buga ƙwallon kwando a aji na bakwai, kuma ba ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ba har sai da ta yi shekara ta biyu a makarantar sakandare, a The Academy of the Holy Cross a Kensington, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FEATURE: Rhamat Alhassan Leaving Her Mark on Gator Volleyball |url=http://www.wruf.com/headlines/2017/12/08/feature-rhamat-alhassan-leaving-mark-gator-volleyball/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=ESPN 98.1 FM - 850 AM WRUF |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Kwaleji== ==Manazarta== fz9a0alt9h7g2i2d5pceetjnslf6dkj 974743 974742 2026-11-01T12:46:43Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 /* Kwaleji */ 974743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' <ref>{{cite web |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Rise Sign Former Florida Four-Time All-American Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2025/08/rise-sign-former-florida-four-time-all-american-rhamat-alhassan |access-date=July 8, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref>(An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996)'Yar wasan volleyball ce 'yar ƙasar Amurka, wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai toshe ƙwallo a tsakiya. Ta buga wa tawagar ƙwallon volleyball ta mata ta Amurka wasa daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2022.A Jami'ar Florida, ta kasance ƙwararren ɗan Amurka Ba-Amurke sau huɗu. ==Rayuwan Farko== An haife Alhassan a Glenarden, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://www.teamusa.com/profiles/rhamat-alhassan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206133103/http://www.teamusa.org/usa-volleyball/athletes/Rhamat-Alhassan |archive-date=December 6, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Team USA}}</ref>Iyayenta ’yan gudun hijira ne ’yan Ghana, kuma ta girma tana jin Turanci da Hausa.<ref>{{cite web |last=Eisen |first=Alex |date=March 18, 2026 |title=On her own terms |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2026/03/on-her-own-terms |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dooley |first=Pat |date=August 20, 2017 |title=Alhassan's journey enters final season |url=https://www.gainesville.com/story/sports/college/2017/08/20/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season/19409992007/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820183424/http://www.gainesville.com:80/sports/20170820/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season |archive-date=August 20, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |work=The Gainesville Sun}}</ref>Ta fara buga ƙwallon kwando a aji na bakwai, kuma ba ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ba har sai da ta yi shekara ta biyu a makarantar sakandare, a The Academy of the Holy Cross a Kensington, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FEATURE: Rhamat Alhassan Leaving Her Mark on Gator Volleyball |url=http://www.wruf.com/headlines/2017/12/08/feature-rhamat-alhassan-leaving-mark-gator-volleyball/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=ESPN 98.1 FM - 850 AM WRUF |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Kwaleji== Makarantu da yawa suna sha'awarta a matsayinta na 'yar wasa, amma yawancin suna sha'awar fasahar wasan ƙwallon kwando, wanda ya fi ƙwarewar wasan kwallon raga. ==Manazarta== jwm88zbwnqdcgh7i5ehb0hoalnb8ch0 974744 974743 2026-11-01T12:47:49Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 /* Kwaleji */ 974744 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' <ref>{{cite web |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Rise Sign Former Florida Four-Time All-American Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2025/08/rise-sign-former-florida-four-time-all-american-rhamat-alhassan |access-date=July 8, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref>(An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996)'Yar wasan volleyball ce 'yar ƙasar Amurka, wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai toshe ƙwallo a tsakiya. Ta buga wa tawagar ƙwallon volleyball ta mata ta Amurka wasa daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2022.A Jami'ar Florida, ta kasance ƙwararren ɗan Amurka Ba-Amurke sau huɗu. ==Rayuwan Farko== An haife Alhassan a Glenarden, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://www.teamusa.com/profiles/rhamat-alhassan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206133103/http://www.teamusa.org/usa-volleyball/athletes/Rhamat-Alhassan |archive-date=December 6, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Team USA}}</ref>Iyayenta ’yan gudun hijira ne ’yan Ghana, kuma ta girma tana jin Turanci da Hausa.<ref>{{cite web |last=Eisen |first=Alex |date=March 18, 2026 |title=On her own terms |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2026/03/on-her-own-terms |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dooley |first=Pat |date=August 20, 2017 |title=Alhassan's journey enters final season |url=https://www.gainesville.com/story/sports/college/2017/08/20/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season/19409992007/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820183424/http://www.gainesville.com:80/sports/20170820/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season |archive-date=August 20, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |work=The Gainesville Sun}}</ref>Ta fara buga ƙwallon kwando a aji na bakwai, kuma ba ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ba har sai da ta yi shekara ta biyu a makarantar sakandare, a The Academy of the Holy Cross a Kensington, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FEATURE: Rhamat Alhassan Leaving Her Mark on Gator Volleyball |url=http://www.wruf.com/headlines/2017/12/08/feature-rhamat-alhassan-leaving-mark-gator-volleyball/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=ESPN 98.1 FM - 850 AM WRUF |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Kwaleji== Makarantu da yawa suna sha'awarta a matsayinta na 'yar wasa, amma yawancin suna sha'awar fasahar wasan ƙwallon kwando, wanda ya fi ƙwarewar wasan kwallon raga.Tsohon kocinta na kwallon kwando, Eddie Simpson, ya ce "ta fi ta 'yar kwallon kwando kyau", kuma Alhassan ya yarda. ==Manazarta== t9pjf4xfzlwoat91uuipaduwhvf5wqv 974745 974744 2026-11-01T12:50:02Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 /* Kwaleji */ 974745 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' <ref>{{cite web |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Rise Sign Former Florida Four-Time All-American Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2025/08/rise-sign-former-florida-four-time-all-american-rhamat-alhassan |access-date=July 8, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref>(An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996)'Yar wasan volleyball ce 'yar ƙasar Amurka, wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai toshe ƙwallo a tsakiya. Ta buga wa tawagar ƙwallon volleyball ta mata ta Amurka wasa daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2022.A Jami'ar Florida, ta kasance ƙwararren ɗan Amurka Ba-Amurke sau huɗu. ==Rayuwan Farko== An haife Alhassan a Glenarden, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://www.teamusa.com/profiles/rhamat-alhassan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206133103/http://www.teamusa.org/usa-volleyball/athletes/Rhamat-Alhassan |archive-date=December 6, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Team USA}}</ref>Iyayenta ’yan gudun hijira ne ’yan Ghana, kuma ta girma tana jin Turanci da Hausa.<ref>{{cite web |last=Eisen |first=Alex |date=March 18, 2026 |title=On her own terms |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2026/03/on-her-own-terms |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dooley |first=Pat |date=August 20, 2017 |title=Alhassan's journey enters final season |url=https://www.gainesville.com/story/sports/college/2017/08/20/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season/19409992007/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820183424/http://www.gainesville.com:80/sports/20170820/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season |archive-date=August 20, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |work=The Gainesville Sun}}</ref>Ta fara buga ƙwallon kwando a aji na bakwai, kuma ba ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ba har sai da ta yi shekara ta biyu a makarantar sakandare, a The Academy of the Holy Cross a Kensington, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FEATURE: Rhamat Alhassan Leaving Her Mark on Gator Volleyball |url=http://www.wruf.com/headlines/2017/12/08/feature-rhamat-alhassan-leaving-mark-gator-volleyball/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=ESPN 98.1 FM - 850 AM WRUF |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Kwaleji== Makarantu da yawa suna sha'awarta a matsayinta na 'yar wasa, amma yawancin suna sha'awar fasahar wasan ƙwallon kwando, wanda ya fi ƙwarewar wasan kwallon raga.Tsohon kocinta na kwallon kwando, Eddie Simpson, ya ce "ta fi ta 'yar kwallon kwando kyau", kuma Alhassan ya yarda.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Williams |first=Preston |title=Rhamat Alhassan of Holy Cross sticking with volleyball for college |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/recruiting-insider/wp/2013/05/15/rhamat-alhassan-of-holy-cross-sticking-with-volleyball-for-college/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |language=en |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> ==Manazarta== j6iw0ohc8srvnigdar6o0gvkab0d7wi 974747 974745 2026-11-01T12:50:20Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 /* Kwaleji */ 974747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' <ref>{{cite web |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Rise Sign Former Florida Four-Time All-American Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2025/08/rise-sign-former-florida-four-time-all-american-rhamat-alhassan |access-date=July 8, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref>(An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996)'Yar wasan volleyball ce 'yar ƙasar Amurka, wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai toshe ƙwallo a tsakiya. Ta buga wa tawagar ƙwallon volleyball ta mata ta Amurka wasa daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2022.A Jami'ar Florida, ta kasance ƙwararren ɗan Amurka Ba-Amurke sau huɗu. ==Rayuwan Farko== An haife Alhassan a Glenarden, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://www.teamusa.com/profiles/rhamat-alhassan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206133103/http://www.teamusa.org/usa-volleyball/athletes/Rhamat-Alhassan |archive-date=December 6, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Team USA}}</ref>Iyayenta ’yan gudun hijira ne ’yan Ghana, kuma ta girma tana jin Turanci da Hausa.<ref>{{cite web |last=Eisen |first=Alex |date=March 18, 2026 |title=On her own terms |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2026/03/on-her-own-terms |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dooley |first=Pat |date=August 20, 2017 |title=Alhassan's journey enters final season |url=https://www.gainesville.com/story/sports/college/2017/08/20/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season/19409992007/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820183424/http://www.gainesville.com:80/sports/20170820/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season |archive-date=August 20, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |work=The Gainesville Sun}}</ref>Ta fara buga ƙwallon kwando a aji na bakwai, kuma ba ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ba har sai da ta yi shekara ta biyu a makarantar sakandare, a The Academy of the Holy Cross a Kensington, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FEATURE: Rhamat Alhassan Leaving Her Mark on Gator Volleyball |url=http://www.wruf.com/headlines/2017/12/08/feature-rhamat-alhassan-leaving-mark-gator-volleyball/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=ESPN 98.1 FM - 850 AM WRUF |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Kwaleji== Makarantu da yawa suna sha'awarta a matsayinta na 'yar wasa, amma yawancin suna sha'awar fasahar wasan ƙwallon kwando, wanda ya fi ƙwarewar wasan kwallon raga.Tsohon kocinta na kwallon kwando, Eddie Simpson, ya ce "ta fi ta 'yar kwallon kwando kyau", kuma Alhassan ya yarda.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Williams |first=Preston |title=Rhamat Alhassan of Holy Cross sticking with volleyball for college |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/recruiting-insider/wp/2013/05/15/rhamat-alhassan-of-holy-cross-sticking-with-volleyball-for-college/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |language=en |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref>Florida tana ɗaya daga cikin makarantu da yawa da ke sha'awarta a matsayinta na ɗan wasan ƙwallon raga. ==Manazarta== batk9xn3eoc5mn0dtcqcfu2w3nu4k9h 974748 974747 2026-11-01T12:51:10Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 /* Kwaleji */ 974748 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' <ref>{{cite web |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Rise Sign Former Florida Four-Time All-American Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2025/08/rise-sign-former-florida-four-time-all-american-rhamat-alhassan |access-date=July 8, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref>(An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996)'Yar wasan volleyball ce 'yar ƙasar Amurka, wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai toshe ƙwallo a tsakiya. Ta buga wa tawagar ƙwallon volleyball ta mata ta Amurka wasa daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2022.A Jami'ar Florida, ta kasance ƙwararren ɗan Amurka Ba-Amurke sau huɗu. ==Rayuwan Farko== An haife Alhassan a Glenarden, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://www.teamusa.com/profiles/rhamat-alhassan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206133103/http://www.teamusa.org/usa-volleyball/athletes/Rhamat-Alhassan |archive-date=December 6, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Team USA}}</ref>Iyayenta ’yan gudun hijira ne ’yan Ghana, kuma ta girma tana jin Turanci da Hausa.<ref>{{cite web |last=Eisen |first=Alex |date=March 18, 2026 |title=On her own terms |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2026/03/on-her-own-terms |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dooley |first=Pat |date=August 20, 2017 |title=Alhassan's journey enters final season |url=https://www.gainesville.com/story/sports/college/2017/08/20/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season/19409992007/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820183424/http://www.gainesville.com:80/sports/20170820/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season |archive-date=August 20, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |work=The Gainesville Sun}}</ref>Ta fara buga ƙwallon kwando a aji na bakwai, kuma ba ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ba har sai da ta yi shekara ta biyu a makarantar sakandare, a The Academy of the Holy Cross a Kensington, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FEATURE: Rhamat Alhassan Leaving Her Mark on Gator Volleyball |url=http://www.wruf.com/headlines/2017/12/08/feature-rhamat-alhassan-leaving-mark-gator-volleyball/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=ESPN 98.1 FM - 850 AM WRUF |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Kwaleji== Makarantu da yawa suna sha'awarta a matsayinta na 'yar wasa, amma yawancin suna sha'awar fasahar wasan ƙwallon kwando, wanda ya fi ƙwarewar wasan kwallon raga.Tsohon kocinta na kwallon kwando, Eddie Simpson, ya ce "ta fi ta 'yar kwallon kwando kyau", kuma Alhassan ya yarda.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Williams |first=Preston |title=Rhamat Alhassan of Holy Cross sticking with volleyball for college |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/recruiting-insider/wp/2013/05/15/rhamat-alhassan-of-holy-cross-sticking-with-volleyball-for-college/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |language=en |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref>Florida tana ɗaya daga cikin makarantu da yawa da ke sha'awarta a matsayinta na ɗan wasan ƙwallon raga.Yayin da yake makarantar sakandare, Alhassan ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar yin wasanni biyu a jami'a, amma ya ƙare ya mai da hankali kan wasan kwallon raga. ==Manazarta== 9hswjgtw745zq3tz065yxqy46r2i4a1 974749 974748 2026-11-01T12:51:24Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 /* Kwaleji */ 974749 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' <ref>{{cite web |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Rise Sign Former Florida Four-Time All-American Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2025/08/rise-sign-former-florida-four-time-all-american-rhamat-alhassan |access-date=July 8, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref>(An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996)'Yar wasan volleyball ce 'yar ƙasar Amurka, wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai toshe ƙwallo a tsakiya. Ta buga wa tawagar ƙwallon volleyball ta mata ta Amurka wasa daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2022.A Jami'ar Florida, ta kasance ƙwararren ɗan Amurka Ba-Amurke sau huɗu. ==Rayuwan Farko== An haife Alhassan a Glenarden, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://www.teamusa.com/profiles/rhamat-alhassan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206133103/http://www.teamusa.org/usa-volleyball/athletes/Rhamat-Alhassan |archive-date=December 6, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Team USA}}</ref>Iyayenta ’yan gudun hijira ne ’yan Ghana, kuma ta girma tana jin Turanci da Hausa.<ref>{{cite web |last=Eisen |first=Alex |date=March 18, 2026 |title=On her own terms |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2026/03/on-her-own-terms |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dooley |first=Pat |date=August 20, 2017 |title=Alhassan's journey enters final season |url=https://www.gainesville.com/story/sports/college/2017/08/20/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season/19409992007/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820183424/http://www.gainesville.com:80/sports/20170820/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season |archive-date=August 20, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |work=The Gainesville Sun}}</ref>Ta fara buga ƙwallon kwando a aji na bakwai, kuma ba ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ba har sai da ta yi shekara ta biyu a makarantar sakandare, a The Academy of the Holy Cross a Kensington, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FEATURE: Rhamat Alhassan Leaving Her Mark on Gator Volleyball |url=http://www.wruf.com/headlines/2017/12/08/feature-rhamat-alhassan-leaving-mark-gator-volleyball/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=ESPN 98.1 FM - 850 AM WRUF |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Kwaleji== Makarantu da yawa suna sha'awarta a matsayinta na 'yar wasa, amma yawancin suna sha'awar fasahar wasan ƙwallon kwando, wanda ya fi ƙwarewar wasan kwallon raga.Tsohon kocinta na kwallon kwando, Eddie Simpson, ya ce "ta fi ta 'yar kwallon kwando kyau", kuma Alhassan ya yarda.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Williams |first=Preston |title=Rhamat Alhassan of Holy Cross sticking with volleyball for college |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/recruiting-insider/wp/2013/05/15/rhamat-alhassan-of-holy-cross-sticking-with-volleyball-for-college/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |language=en |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> Florida tana ɗaya daga cikin makarantu da yawa da ke sha'awarta a matsayinta na ɗan wasan ƙwallon raga.Yayin da yake makarantar sakandare, Alhassan ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar yin wasanni biyu a jami'a, amma ya ƙare ya mai da hankali kan wasan kwallon raga. ==Manazarta== h3rdevc65jirt3updje60wuu6sfcpyg 974751 974749 2026-11-01T12:54:22Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 /* Kwaleji */ 974751 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' <ref>{{cite web |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Rise Sign Former Florida Four-Time All-American Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2025/08/rise-sign-former-florida-four-time-all-american-rhamat-alhassan |access-date=July 8, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref>(An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996)'Yar wasan volleyball ce 'yar ƙasar Amurka, wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai toshe ƙwallo a tsakiya. Ta buga wa tawagar ƙwallon volleyball ta mata ta Amurka wasa daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2022.A Jami'ar Florida, ta kasance ƙwararren ɗan Amurka Ba-Amurke sau huɗu. ==Rayuwan Farko== An haife Alhassan a Glenarden, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://www.teamusa.com/profiles/rhamat-alhassan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206133103/http://www.teamusa.org/usa-volleyball/athletes/Rhamat-Alhassan |archive-date=December 6, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Team USA}}</ref>Iyayenta ’yan gudun hijira ne ’yan Ghana, kuma ta girma tana jin Turanci da Hausa.<ref>{{cite web |last=Eisen |first=Alex |date=March 18, 2026 |title=On her own terms |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2026/03/on-her-own-terms |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dooley |first=Pat |date=August 20, 2017 |title=Alhassan's journey enters final season |url=https://www.gainesville.com/story/sports/college/2017/08/20/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season/19409992007/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820183424/http://www.gainesville.com:80/sports/20170820/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season |archive-date=August 20, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |work=The Gainesville Sun}}</ref>Ta fara buga ƙwallon kwando a aji na bakwai, kuma ba ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ba har sai da ta yi shekara ta biyu a makarantar sakandare, a The Academy of the Holy Cross a Kensington, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FEATURE: Rhamat Alhassan Leaving Her Mark on Gator Volleyball |url=http://www.wruf.com/headlines/2017/12/08/feature-rhamat-alhassan-leaving-mark-gator-volleyball/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=ESPN 98.1 FM - 850 AM WRUF |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Kwaleji== Makarantu da yawa suna sha'awarta a matsayinta na 'yar wasa, amma yawancin suna sha'awar fasahar wasan ƙwallon kwando, wanda ya fi ƙwarewar wasan kwallon raga.Tsohon kocinta na kwallon kwando, Eddie Simpson, ya ce "ta fi ta 'yar kwallon kwando kyau", kuma Alhassan ya yarda.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Williams |first=Preston |title=Rhamat Alhassan of Holy Cross sticking with volleyball for college |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/recruiting-insider/wp/2013/05/15/rhamat-alhassan-of-holy-cross-sticking-with-volleyball-for-college/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |language=en |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> Florida tana ɗaya daga cikin makarantu da yawa da ke sha'awarta a matsayinta na ɗan wasan ƙwallon raga.Yayin da yake makarantar sakandare, Alhassan ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar yin wasanni biyu a jami'a, amma ya ƙare ya mai da hankali kan wasan kwallon raga.Alhassan ya zabi Florida, wani bangare na wasan kwallon raga, wani bangare don wurin, da kuma wani bangare na Kwalejin Jarida da Sadarwa ta Florida. ==Manazarta== tu7pyetmm85hjliytjblsz5dumw9qtc 974752 974751 2026-11-01T12:54:44Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 /* Kwaleji */ 974752 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' <ref>{{cite web |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Rise Sign Former Florida Four-Time All-American Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2025/08/rise-sign-former-florida-four-time-all-american-rhamat-alhassan |access-date=July 8, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref>(An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996)'Yar wasan volleyball ce 'yar ƙasar Amurka, wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai toshe ƙwallo a tsakiya. Ta buga wa tawagar ƙwallon volleyball ta mata ta Amurka wasa daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2022.A Jami'ar Florida, ta kasance ƙwararren ɗan Amurka Ba-Amurke sau huɗu. ==Rayuwan Farko== An haife Alhassan a Glenarden, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://www.teamusa.com/profiles/rhamat-alhassan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206133103/http://www.teamusa.org/usa-volleyball/athletes/Rhamat-Alhassan |archive-date=December 6, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Team USA}}</ref>Iyayenta ’yan gudun hijira ne ’yan Ghana, kuma ta girma tana jin Turanci da Hausa.<ref>{{cite web |last=Eisen |first=Alex |date=March 18, 2026 |title=On her own terms |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2026/03/on-her-own-terms |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dooley |first=Pat |date=August 20, 2017 |title=Alhassan's journey enters final season |url=https://www.gainesville.com/story/sports/college/2017/08/20/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season/19409992007/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820183424/http://www.gainesville.com:80/sports/20170820/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season |archive-date=August 20, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |work=The Gainesville Sun}}</ref>Ta fara buga ƙwallon kwando a aji na bakwai, kuma ba ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ba har sai da ta yi shekara ta biyu a makarantar sakandare, a The Academy of the Holy Cross a Kensington, Maryland.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FEATURE: Rhamat Alhassan Leaving Her Mark on Gator Volleyball |url=http://www.wruf.com/headlines/2017/12/08/feature-rhamat-alhassan-leaving-mark-gator-volleyball/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=ESPN 98.1 FM - 850 AM WRUF |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Kwaleji== Makarantu da yawa suna sha'awarta a matsayinta na 'yar wasa, amma yawancin suna sha'awar fasahar wasan ƙwallon kwando, wanda ya fi ƙwarewar wasan kwallon raga.Tsohon kocinta na kwallon kwando, Eddie Simpson, ya ce "ta fi ta 'yar kwallon kwando kyau", kuma Alhassan ya yarda.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Williams |first=Preston |title=Rhamat Alhassan of Holy Cross sticking with volleyball for college |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/recruiting-insider/wp/2013/05/15/rhamat-alhassan-of-holy-cross-sticking-with-volleyball-for-college/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |language=en |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> Florida tana ɗaya daga cikin makarantu da yawa da ke sha'awarta a matsayinta na ɗan wasan ƙwallon raga.Yayin da yake makarantar sakandare, Alhassan ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar yin wasanni biyu a jami'a, amma ya ƙare ya mai da hankali kan wasan kwallon raga.Alhassan ya zabi Florida, wani bangare na wasan kwallon raga, wani bangare don wurin, da kuma wani bangare na Kwalejin Jarida da Sadarwa ta Florida.<ref name=":1" /> ==Manazarta== 3f98zzb3jzw8hrjlk01o2rfuyk1q2oa 974753 974752 2026-11-01T12:55:45Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 /* Rayuwan Farko */ 974753 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' <ref>{{cite web |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Rise Sign Former Florida Four-Time All-American Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2025/08/rise-sign-former-florida-four-time-all-american-rhamat-alhassan |access-date=July 8, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref>(An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996)'Yar wasan volleyball ce 'yar ƙasar Amurka, wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai toshe ƙwallo a tsakiya. Ta buga wa tawagar ƙwallon volleyball ta mata ta Amurka wasa daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2022.A Jami'ar Florida, ta kasance ƙwararren ɗan Amurka Ba-Amurke sau huɗu. ==Rayuwan Farko== An haife Alhassan a Glenarden, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://www.teamusa.com/profiles/rhamat-alhassan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206133103/http://www.teamusa.org/usa-volleyball/athletes/Rhamat-Alhassan |archive-date=December 6, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Team USA}}</ref>Iyayenta ’yan gudun hijira ne ’yan Ghana, kuma ta girma tana jin Turanci da Hausa.<ref>{{cite web |last=Eisen |first=Alex |date=March 18, 2026 |title=On her own terms |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2026/03/on-her-own-terms |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dooley |first=Pat |date=August 20, 2017 |title=Alhassan's journey enters final season |url=https://www.gainesville.com/story/sports/college/2017/08/20/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season/19409992007/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820183424/http://www.gainesville.com:80/sports/20170820/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season |archive-date=August 20, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |work=The Gainesville Sun}}</ref>Ta fara buga ƙwallon kwando a aji na bakwai, kuma ba ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ba har sai da ta yi shekara ta biyu a makarantar sakandare, a The Academy of the Holy Cross a Kensington, Maryland.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FEATURE: Rhamat Alhassan Leaving Her Mark on Gator Volleyball |url=http://www.wruf.com/headlines/2017/12/08/feature-rhamat-alhassan-leaving-mark-gator-volleyball/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=ESPN 98.1 FM - 850 AM WRUF |language=en-US}}</ref>A kakar wasanta na ƙarshe a Florida, Alhassan ta taimaka wajen jagorantar Gators zuwa Gasar Cin Kofin Ƙasa ta shekarar 2017. ==Kwaleji== Makarantu da yawa suna sha'awarta a matsayinta na 'yar wasa, amma yawancin suna sha'awar fasahar wasan ƙwallon kwando, wanda ya fi ƙwarewar wasan kwallon raga.Tsohon kocinta na kwallon kwando, Eddie Simpson, ya ce "ta fi ta 'yar kwallon kwando kyau", kuma Alhassan ya yarda.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Williams |first=Preston |title=Rhamat Alhassan of Holy Cross sticking with volleyball for college |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/recruiting-insider/wp/2013/05/15/rhamat-alhassan-of-holy-cross-sticking-with-volleyball-for-college/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |language=en |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> Florida tana ɗaya daga cikin makarantu da yawa da ke sha'awarta a matsayinta na ɗan wasan ƙwallon raga.Yayin da yake makarantar sakandare, Alhassan ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar yin wasanni biyu a jami'a, amma ya ƙare ya mai da hankali kan wasan kwallon raga.Alhassan ya zabi Florida, wani bangare na wasan kwallon raga, wani bangare don wurin, da kuma wani bangare na Kwalejin Jarida da Sadarwa ta Florida.<ref name=":1" /> ==Manazarta== m7ix5pzaxd5xys06lo0u8kexrurh69o 974754 974753 2026-11-01T12:56:30Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 /* Kwaleji */ 974754 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' <ref>{{cite web |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Rise Sign Former Florida Four-Time All-American Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2025/08/rise-sign-former-florida-four-time-all-american-rhamat-alhassan |access-date=July 8, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref>(An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996)'Yar wasan volleyball ce 'yar ƙasar Amurka, wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai toshe ƙwallo a tsakiya. Ta buga wa tawagar ƙwallon volleyball ta mata ta Amurka wasa daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2022.A Jami'ar Florida, ta kasance ƙwararren ɗan Amurka Ba-Amurke sau huɗu. ==Rayuwan Farko== An haife Alhassan a Glenarden, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://www.teamusa.com/profiles/rhamat-alhassan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206133103/http://www.teamusa.org/usa-volleyball/athletes/Rhamat-Alhassan |archive-date=December 6, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Team USA}}</ref>Iyayenta ’yan gudun hijira ne ’yan Ghana, kuma ta girma tana jin Turanci da Hausa.<ref>{{cite web |last=Eisen |first=Alex |date=March 18, 2026 |title=On her own terms |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2026/03/on-her-own-terms |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dooley |first=Pat |date=August 20, 2017 |title=Alhassan's journey enters final season |url=https://www.gainesville.com/story/sports/college/2017/08/20/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season/19409992007/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820183424/http://www.gainesville.com:80/sports/20170820/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season |archive-date=August 20, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |work=The Gainesville Sun}}</ref>Ta fara buga ƙwallon kwando a aji na bakwai, kuma ba ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ba har sai da ta yi shekara ta biyu a makarantar sakandare, a The Academy of the Holy Cross a Kensington, Maryland.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FEATURE: Rhamat Alhassan Leaving Her Mark on Gator Volleyball |url=http://www.wruf.com/headlines/2017/12/08/feature-rhamat-alhassan-leaving-mark-gator-volleyball/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=ESPN 98.1 FM - 850 AM WRUF |language=en-US}}</ref>A kakar wasanta na ƙarshe a Florida, Alhassan ta taimaka wajen jagorantar Gators zuwa Gasar Cin Kofin Ƙasa ta shekarar 2017. ==Kwaleji== Makarantu da yawa suna sha'awarta a matsayinta na 'yar wasa, amma yawancin suna sha'awar fasahar wasan ƙwallon kwando, wanda ya fi ƙwarewar wasan kwallon raga.Tsohon kocinta na kwallon kwando, Eddie Simpson, ya ce "ta fi ta 'yar kwallon kwando kyau", kuma Alhassan ya yarda.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Williams |first=Preston |title=Rhamat Alhassan of Holy Cross sticking with volleyball for college |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/recruiting-insider/wp/2013/05/15/rhamat-alhassan-of-holy-cross-sticking-with-volleyball-for-college/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |language=en |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> Florida tana ɗaya daga cikin makarantu da yawa da ke sha'awarta a matsayinta na ɗan wasan ƙwallon raga.Yayin da yake makarantar sakandare, Alhassan ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar yin wasanni biyu a jami'a, amma ya ƙare ya mai da hankali kan wasan kwallon raga.Alhassan ya zabi Florida, wani bangare na wasan kwallon raga, wani bangare don wurin, da kuma wani bangare na Kwalejin Jarida da Sadarwa ta Florida.<ref name=":1" />Kungiyar Gators ba ta kai ga matakin 'Final 4' ba tun shekarar 2003. ==Manazarta== j7do6fm85re1xtm6dyqoy0ypaqx3ftc 974755 974754 2026-11-01T12:56:45Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 /* Kwaleji */ 974755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' <ref>{{cite web |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Rise Sign Former Florida Four-Time All-American Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2025/08/rise-sign-former-florida-four-time-all-american-rhamat-alhassan |access-date=July 8, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref>(An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996)'Yar wasan volleyball ce 'yar ƙasar Amurka, wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai toshe ƙwallo a tsakiya. Ta buga wa tawagar ƙwallon volleyball ta mata ta Amurka wasa daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2022.A Jami'ar Florida, ta kasance ƙwararren ɗan Amurka Ba-Amurke sau huɗu. ==Rayuwan Farko== An haife Alhassan a Glenarden, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://www.teamusa.com/profiles/rhamat-alhassan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206133103/http://www.teamusa.org/usa-volleyball/athletes/Rhamat-Alhassan |archive-date=December 6, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Team USA}}</ref>Iyayenta ’yan gudun hijira ne ’yan Ghana, kuma ta girma tana jin Turanci da Hausa.<ref>{{cite web |last=Eisen |first=Alex |date=March 18, 2026 |title=On her own terms |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2026/03/on-her-own-terms |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dooley |first=Pat |date=August 20, 2017 |title=Alhassan's journey enters final season |url=https://www.gainesville.com/story/sports/college/2017/08/20/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season/19409992007/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820183424/http://www.gainesville.com:80/sports/20170820/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season |archive-date=August 20, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |work=The Gainesville Sun}}</ref>Ta fara buga ƙwallon kwando a aji na bakwai, kuma ba ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ba har sai da ta yi shekara ta biyu a makarantar sakandare, a The Academy of the Holy Cross a Kensington, Maryland.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FEATURE: Rhamat Alhassan Leaving Her Mark on Gator Volleyball |url=http://www.wruf.com/headlines/2017/12/08/feature-rhamat-alhassan-leaving-mark-gator-volleyball/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=ESPN 98.1 FM - 850 AM WRUF |language=en-US}}</ref>A kakar wasanta na ƙarshe a Florida, Alhassan ta taimaka wajen jagorantar Gators zuwa Gasar Cin Kofin Ƙasa ta shekarar 2017. ==Kwaleji== Makarantu da yawa suna sha'awarta a matsayinta na 'yar wasa, amma yawancin suna sha'awar fasahar wasan ƙwallon kwando, wanda ya fi ƙwarewar wasan kwallon raga.Tsohon kocinta na kwallon kwando, Eddie Simpson, ya ce "ta fi ta 'yar kwallon kwando kyau", kuma Alhassan ya yarda.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Williams |first=Preston |title=Rhamat Alhassan of Holy Cross sticking with volleyball for college |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/recruiting-insider/wp/2013/05/15/rhamat-alhassan-of-holy-cross-sticking-with-volleyball-for-college/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |language=en |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> Florida tana ɗaya daga cikin makarantu da yawa da ke sha'awarta a matsayinta na ɗan wasan ƙwallon raga.Yayin da yake makarantar sakandare, Alhassan ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar yin wasanni biyu a jami'a, amma ya ƙare ya mai da hankali kan wasan kwallon raga.Alhassan ya zabi Florida, wani bangare na wasan kwallon raga, wani bangare don wurin, da kuma wani bangare na Kwalejin Jarida da Sadarwa ta Florida.<ref name=":1" /> Kungiyar Gators ba ta kai ga matakin 'Final 4' ba tun shekarar 2003. ==Manazarta== cdpgactchshbmmwh2rnneausb44rcf5 974756 974755 2026-11-01T12:57:35Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 /* Kwaleji */ 974756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' <ref>{{cite web |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Rise Sign Former Florida Four-Time All-American Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2025/08/rise-sign-former-florida-four-time-all-american-rhamat-alhassan |access-date=July 8, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref>(An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996)'Yar wasan volleyball ce 'yar ƙasar Amurka, wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai toshe ƙwallo a tsakiya. Ta buga wa tawagar ƙwallon volleyball ta mata ta Amurka wasa daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2022.A Jami'ar Florida, ta kasance ƙwararren ɗan Amurka Ba-Amurke sau huɗu. ==Rayuwan Farko== An haife Alhassan a Glenarden, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://www.teamusa.com/profiles/rhamat-alhassan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206133103/http://www.teamusa.org/usa-volleyball/athletes/Rhamat-Alhassan |archive-date=December 6, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Team USA}}</ref>Iyayenta ’yan gudun hijira ne ’yan Ghana, kuma ta girma tana jin Turanci da Hausa.<ref>{{cite web |last=Eisen |first=Alex |date=March 18, 2026 |title=On her own terms |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2026/03/on-her-own-terms |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dooley |first=Pat |date=August 20, 2017 |title=Alhassan's journey enters final season |url=https://www.gainesville.com/story/sports/college/2017/08/20/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season/19409992007/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820183424/http://www.gainesville.com:80/sports/20170820/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season |archive-date=August 20, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |work=The Gainesville Sun}}</ref>Ta fara buga ƙwallon kwando a aji na bakwai, kuma ba ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ba har sai da ta yi shekara ta biyu a makarantar sakandare, a The Academy of the Holy Cross a Kensington, Maryland.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FEATURE: Rhamat Alhassan Leaving Her Mark on Gator Volleyball |url=http://www.wruf.com/headlines/2017/12/08/feature-rhamat-alhassan-leaving-mark-gator-volleyball/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=ESPN 98.1 FM - 850 AM WRUF |language=en-US}}</ref>A kakar wasanta na ƙarshe a Florida, Alhassan ta taimaka wajen jagorantar Gators zuwa Gasar Cin Kofin Ƙasa ta shekarar 2017. ==Kwaleji== Makarantu da yawa suna sha'awarta a matsayinta na 'yar wasa, amma yawancin suna sha'awar fasahar wasan ƙwallon kwando, wanda ya fi ƙwarewar wasan kwallon raga.Tsohon kocinta na kwallon kwando, Eddie Simpson, ya ce "ta fi ta 'yar kwallon kwando kyau", kuma Alhassan ya yarda.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Williams |first=Preston |title=Rhamat Alhassan of Holy Cross sticking with volleyball for college |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/recruiting-insider/wp/2013/05/15/rhamat-alhassan-of-holy-cross-sticking-with-volleyball-for-college/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |language=en |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> Florida tana ɗaya daga cikin makarantu da yawa da ke sha'awarta a matsayinta na ɗan wasan ƙwallon raga.Yayin da yake makarantar sakandare, Alhassan ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar yin wasanni biyu a jami'a, amma ya ƙare ya mai da hankali kan wasan kwallon raga.Alhassan ya zabi Florida, wani bangare na wasan kwallon raga, wani bangare don wurin, da kuma wani bangare na Kwalejin Jarida da Sadarwa ta Florida.<ref name=":1" /> Kungiyar Gators ba ta kai ga matakin 'Final 4' ba tun shekarar 2003. A cikin 2018, Alhassan ya lashe kyautar Honda Sports Award a matsayin mafi kyawun ƴan wasan ƙwallon raga na ƙasar. ==Manazarta== b5euvhavzciuddxnans3paiabxe6yrl 974758 974756 2026-11-01T12:58:07Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 /* Kwaleji */ 974758 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' <ref>{{cite web |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Rise Sign Former Florida Four-Time All-American Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2025/08/rise-sign-former-florida-four-time-all-american-rhamat-alhassan |access-date=July 8, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref>(An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996)'Yar wasan volleyball ce 'yar ƙasar Amurka, wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai toshe ƙwallo a tsakiya. Ta buga wa tawagar ƙwallon volleyball ta mata ta Amurka wasa daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2022.A Jami'ar Florida, ta kasance ƙwararren ɗan Amurka Ba-Amurke sau huɗu. ==Rayuwan Farko== An haife Alhassan a Glenarden, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://www.teamusa.com/profiles/rhamat-alhassan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206133103/http://www.teamusa.org/usa-volleyball/athletes/Rhamat-Alhassan |archive-date=December 6, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Team USA}}</ref>Iyayenta ’yan gudun hijira ne ’yan Ghana, kuma ta girma tana jin Turanci da Hausa.<ref>{{cite web |last=Eisen |first=Alex |date=March 18, 2026 |title=On her own terms |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2026/03/on-her-own-terms |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dooley |first=Pat |date=August 20, 2017 |title=Alhassan's journey enters final season |url=https://www.gainesville.com/story/sports/college/2017/08/20/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season/19409992007/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820183424/http://www.gainesville.com:80/sports/20170820/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season |archive-date=August 20, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |work=The Gainesville Sun}}</ref>Ta fara buga ƙwallon kwando a aji na bakwai, kuma ba ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ba har sai da ta yi shekara ta biyu a makarantar sakandare, a The Academy of the Holy Cross a Kensington, Maryland.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FEATURE: Rhamat Alhassan Leaving Her Mark on Gator Volleyball |url=http://www.wruf.com/headlines/2017/12/08/feature-rhamat-alhassan-leaving-mark-gator-volleyball/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=ESPN 98.1 FM - 850 AM WRUF |language=en-US}}</ref>A kakar wasanta na ƙarshe a Florida, Alhassan ta taimaka wajen jagorantar Gators zuwa Gasar Cin Kofin Ƙasa ta shekarar 2017. ==Kwaleji== Makarantu da yawa suna sha'awarta a matsayinta na 'yar wasa, amma yawancin suna sha'awar fasahar wasan ƙwallon kwando, wanda ya fi ƙwarewar wasan kwallon raga.Tsohon kocinta na kwallon kwando, Eddie Simpson, ya ce "ta fi ta 'yar kwallon kwando kyau", kuma Alhassan ya yarda.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Williams |first=Preston |title=Rhamat Alhassan of Holy Cross sticking with volleyball for college |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/recruiting-insider/wp/2013/05/15/rhamat-alhassan-of-holy-cross-sticking-with-volleyball-for-college/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |language=en |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> Florida tana ɗaya daga cikin makarantu da yawa da ke sha'awarta a matsayinta na ɗan wasan ƙwallon raga.Yayin da yake makarantar sakandare, Alhassan ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar yin wasanni biyu a jami'a, amma ya ƙare ya mai da hankali kan wasan kwallon raga.Alhassan ya zabi Florida, wani bangare na wasan kwallon raga, wani bangare don wurin, da kuma wani bangare na Kwalejin Jarida da Sadarwa ta Florida.<ref name=":1" /> Kungiyar Gators ba ta kai ga matakin 'Final 4' ba tun shekarar 2003. A cikin 2018, Alhassan ya lashe kyautar Honda Sports Award a matsayin mafi kyawun ƴan wasan ƙwallon raga na ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alhassan in L.A. for 2018 Honda Sports Award ceremony |url=https://floridagators.com/news/2018/6/23/volleyball-alhassan-in-l-a-for-2018-honda-sports-award-ceremony.aspx |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=Florida Gators |language=en}}</ref> ==Manazarta== 6fx24jr1f5g2ah6n4nyk0s8hhxtoejl 974759 974758 2026-11-01T12:58:54Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 /* Kwaleji */ 974759 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' <ref>{{cite web |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Rise Sign Former Florida Four-Time All-American Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2025/08/rise-sign-former-florida-four-time-all-american-rhamat-alhassan |access-date=July 8, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref>(An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996)'Yar wasan volleyball ce 'yar ƙasar Amurka, wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai toshe ƙwallo a tsakiya. Ta buga wa tawagar ƙwallon volleyball ta mata ta Amurka wasa daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2022.A Jami'ar Florida, ta kasance ƙwararren ɗan Amurka Ba-Amurke sau huɗu. ==Rayuwan Farko== An haife Alhassan a Glenarden, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://www.teamusa.com/profiles/rhamat-alhassan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206133103/http://www.teamusa.org/usa-volleyball/athletes/Rhamat-Alhassan |archive-date=December 6, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Team USA}}</ref>Iyayenta ’yan gudun hijira ne ’yan Ghana, kuma ta girma tana jin Turanci da Hausa.<ref>{{cite web |last=Eisen |first=Alex |date=March 18, 2026 |title=On her own terms |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2026/03/on-her-own-terms |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dooley |first=Pat |date=August 20, 2017 |title=Alhassan's journey enters final season |url=https://www.gainesville.com/story/sports/college/2017/08/20/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season/19409992007/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820183424/http://www.gainesville.com:80/sports/20170820/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season |archive-date=August 20, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |work=The Gainesville Sun}}</ref>Ta fara buga ƙwallon kwando a aji na bakwai, kuma ba ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ba har sai da ta yi shekara ta biyu a makarantar sakandare, a The Academy of the Holy Cross a Kensington, Maryland.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FEATURE: Rhamat Alhassan Leaving Her Mark on Gator Volleyball |url=http://www.wruf.com/headlines/2017/12/08/feature-rhamat-alhassan-leaving-mark-gator-volleyball/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=ESPN 98.1 FM - 850 AM WRUF |language=en-US}}</ref>A kakar wasanta na ƙarshe a Florida, Alhassan ta taimaka wajen jagorantar Gators zuwa Gasar Cin Kofin Ƙasa ta shekarar 2017. ==Kwaleji== Makarantu da yawa suna sha'awarta a matsayinta na 'yar wasa, amma yawancin suna sha'awar fasahar wasan ƙwallon kwando, wanda ya fi ƙwarewar wasan kwallon raga.Tsohon kocinta na kwallon kwando, Eddie Simpson, ya ce "ta fi ta 'yar kwallon kwando kyau", kuma Alhassan ya yarda.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Williams |first=Preston |title=Rhamat Alhassan of Holy Cross sticking with volleyball for college |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/recruiting-insider/wp/2013/05/15/rhamat-alhassan-of-holy-cross-sticking-with-volleyball-for-college/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |language=en |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> Florida tana ɗaya daga cikin makarantu da yawa da ke sha'awarta a matsayinta na ɗan wasan ƙwallon raga.Yayin da yake makarantar sakandare, Alhassan ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar yin wasanni biyu a jami'a, amma ya ƙare ya mai da hankali kan wasan kwallon raga.Alhassan ya zabi Florida, wani bangare na wasan kwallon raga, wani bangare don wurin, da kuma wani bangare na Kwalejin Jarida da Sadarwa ta Florida.<ref name=":1" /> Kungiyar Gators ba ta kai ga matakin 'Final 4' ba tun shekarar 2003. A cikin 2018, Alhassan ya lashe kyautar Honda Sports Award a matsayin mafi kyawun ƴan wasan ƙwallon raga na ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alhassan in L.A. for 2018 Honda Sports Award ceremony |url=https://floridagators.com/news/2018/6/23/volleyball-alhassan-in-l-a-for-2018-honda-sports-award-ceremony.aspx |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=Florida Gators |language=en}}</ref> Ta kuma sauke karatu a shekarar 2018 tare da yin digiri na farko a fannin sadarwa. ==Manazarta== 4p2t6nb978gtit2hvz6aqtout9tlh0q 974760 974759 2026-11-01T12:59:38Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 /* Kwaleji */ 974760 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' <ref>{{cite web |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Rise Sign Former Florida Four-Time All-American Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2025/08/rise-sign-former-florida-four-time-all-american-rhamat-alhassan |access-date=July 8, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref>(An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996)'Yar wasan volleyball ce 'yar ƙasar Amurka, wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai toshe ƙwallo a tsakiya. Ta buga wa tawagar ƙwallon volleyball ta mata ta Amurka wasa daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2022.A Jami'ar Florida, ta kasance ƙwararren ɗan Amurka Ba-Amurke sau huɗu. ==Rayuwan Farko== An haife Alhassan a Glenarden, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://www.teamusa.com/profiles/rhamat-alhassan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206133103/http://www.teamusa.org/usa-volleyball/athletes/Rhamat-Alhassan |archive-date=December 6, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Team USA}}</ref>Iyayenta ’yan gudun hijira ne ’yan Ghana, kuma ta girma tana jin Turanci da Hausa.<ref>{{cite web |last=Eisen |first=Alex |date=March 18, 2026 |title=On her own terms |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2026/03/on-her-own-terms |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dooley |first=Pat |date=August 20, 2017 |title=Alhassan's journey enters final season |url=https://www.gainesville.com/story/sports/college/2017/08/20/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season/19409992007/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820183424/http://www.gainesville.com:80/sports/20170820/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season |archive-date=August 20, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |work=The Gainesville Sun}}</ref>Ta fara buga ƙwallon kwando a aji na bakwai, kuma ba ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ba har sai da ta yi shekara ta biyu a makarantar sakandare, a The Academy of the Holy Cross a Kensington, Maryland.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FEATURE: Rhamat Alhassan Leaving Her Mark on Gator Volleyball |url=http://www.wruf.com/headlines/2017/12/08/feature-rhamat-alhassan-leaving-mark-gator-volleyball/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=ESPN 98.1 FM - 850 AM WRUF |language=en-US}}</ref>A kakar wasanta na ƙarshe a Florida, Alhassan ta taimaka wajen jagorantar Gators zuwa Gasar Cin Kofin Ƙasa ta shekarar 2017. ==Kwaleji== Makarantu da yawa suna sha'awarta a matsayinta na 'yar wasa, amma yawancin suna sha'awar fasahar wasan ƙwallon kwando, wanda ya fi ƙwarewar wasan kwallon raga.Tsohon kocinta na kwallon kwando, Eddie Simpson, ya ce "ta fi ta 'yar kwallon kwando kyau", kuma Alhassan ya yarda.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Williams |first=Preston |title=Rhamat Alhassan of Holy Cross sticking with volleyball for college |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/recruiting-insider/wp/2013/05/15/rhamat-alhassan-of-holy-cross-sticking-with-volleyball-for-college/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |language=en |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> Florida tana ɗaya daga cikin makarantu da yawa da ke sha'awarta a matsayinta na ɗan wasan ƙwallon raga.Yayin da yake makarantar sakandare, Alhassan ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar yin wasanni biyu a jami'a, amma ya ƙare ya mai da hankali kan wasan kwallon raga.Alhassan ya zabi Florida, wani bangare na wasan kwallon raga, wani bangare don wurin, da kuma wani bangare na Kwalejin Jarida da Sadarwa ta Florida.<ref name=":1" /> Kungiyar Gators ba ta kai ga matakin 'Final 4' ba tun shekarar 2003. A cikin 2018, Alhassan ya lashe kyautar Honda Sports Award a matsayin mafi kyawun ƴan wasan ƙwallon raga na ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alhassan in L.A. for 2018 Honda Sports Award ceremony |url=https://floridagators.com/news/2018/6/23/volleyball-alhassan-in-l-a-for-2018-honda-sports-award-ceremony.aspx |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=Florida Gators |language=en}}</ref> Ta kuma sauke karatu a shekarar 2018 tare da yin digiri na farko a fannin sadarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhamat Alhassan - Volleyball |url=https://floridagators.com/sports/womens-volleyball/roster/rhamat-alhassan/10515 |access-date=March 7, 2021 |website=Florida Gators |language=en}}</ref> ==Manazarta== s5pj9ultrxtwrerncbnxcvdyd4ujh04 974762 974760 2026-11-01T13:02:54Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 /* Kwaleji */ 974762 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' <ref>{{cite web |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Rise Sign Former Florida Four-Time All-American Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2025/08/rise-sign-former-florida-four-time-all-american-rhamat-alhassan |access-date=July 8, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref>(An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996)'Yar wasan volleyball ce 'yar ƙasar Amurka, wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai toshe ƙwallo a tsakiya. Ta buga wa tawagar ƙwallon volleyball ta mata ta Amurka wasa daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2022.A Jami'ar Florida, ta kasance ƙwararren ɗan Amurka Ba-Amurke sau huɗu. ==Rayuwan Farko== An haife Alhassan a Glenarden, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://www.teamusa.com/profiles/rhamat-alhassan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206133103/http://www.teamusa.org/usa-volleyball/athletes/Rhamat-Alhassan |archive-date=December 6, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Team USA}}</ref>Iyayenta ’yan gudun hijira ne ’yan Ghana, kuma ta girma tana jin Turanci da Hausa.<ref>{{cite web |last=Eisen |first=Alex |date=March 18, 2026 |title=On her own terms |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2026/03/on-her-own-terms |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dooley |first=Pat |date=August 20, 2017 |title=Alhassan's journey enters final season |url=https://www.gainesville.com/story/sports/college/2017/08/20/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season/19409992007/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820183424/http://www.gainesville.com:80/sports/20170820/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season |archive-date=August 20, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |work=The Gainesville Sun}}</ref>Ta fara buga ƙwallon kwando a aji na bakwai, kuma ba ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ba har sai da ta yi shekara ta biyu a makarantar sakandare, a The Academy of the Holy Cross a Kensington, Maryland.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FEATURE: Rhamat Alhassan Leaving Her Mark on Gator Volleyball |url=http://www.wruf.com/headlines/2017/12/08/feature-rhamat-alhassan-leaving-mark-gator-volleyball/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=ESPN 98.1 FM - 850 AM WRUF |language=en-US}}</ref>A kakar wasanta na ƙarshe a Florida, Alhassan ta taimaka wajen jagorantar Gators zuwa Gasar Cin Kofin Ƙasa ta shekarar 2017. ==Kwaleji== Makarantu da yawa suna sha'awarta a matsayinta na 'yar wasa, amma yawancin suna sha'awar fasahar wasan ƙwallon kwando, wanda ya fi ƙwarewar wasan kwallon raga.Tsohon kocinta na kwallon kwando, Eddie Simpson, ya ce "ta fi ta 'yar kwallon kwando kyau", kuma Alhassan ya yarda.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Williams |first=Preston |title=Rhamat Alhassan of Holy Cross sticking with volleyball for college |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/recruiting-insider/wp/2013/05/15/rhamat-alhassan-of-holy-cross-sticking-with-volleyball-for-college/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |language=en |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> Florida tana ɗaya daga cikin makarantu da yawa da ke sha'awarta a matsayinta na ɗan wasan ƙwallon raga.Yayin da yake makarantar sakandare, Alhassan ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar yin wasanni biyu a jami'a, amma ya ƙare ya mai da hankali kan wasan kwallon raga.Alhassan ya zabi Florida, wani bangare na wasan kwallon raga, wani bangare don wurin, da kuma wani bangare na Kwalejin Jarida da Sadarwa ta Florida.<ref name=":1" /> Kungiyar Gators ba ta kai ga matakin 'Final 4' ba tun shekarar 2003. A cikin 2018, Alhassan ya lashe kyautar Honda Sports Award a matsayin mafi kyawun ƴan wasan ƙwallon raga na ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alhassan in L.A. for 2018 Honda Sports Award ceremony |url=https://floridagators.com/news/2018/6/23/volleyball-alhassan-in-l-a-for-2018-honda-sports-award-ceremony.aspx |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=Florida Gators |language=en}}</ref> Ta kuma sauke karatu a shekarar 2018 tare da yin digiri na farko a fannin sadarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhamat Alhassan - Volleyball |url=https://floridagators.com/sports/womens-volleyball/roster/rhamat-alhassan/10515 |access-date=March 7, 2021 |website=Florida Gators |language=en}}</ref> ==Girmamawa da Kyaututtuka== ==Manazarta== blfvt6p9vc7d5rh2v7j36xbod2707cv 974764 974762 2026-11-01T13:04:26Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 /* Girmamawa da Kyaututtuka */ 974764 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' <ref>{{cite web |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Rise Sign Former Florida Four-Time All-American Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2025/08/rise-sign-former-florida-four-time-all-american-rhamat-alhassan |access-date=July 8, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref>(An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996)'Yar wasan volleyball ce 'yar ƙasar Amurka, wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai toshe ƙwallo a tsakiya. Ta buga wa tawagar ƙwallon volleyball ta mata ta Amurka wasa daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2022.A Jami'ar Florida, ta kasance ƙwararren ɗan Amurka Ba-Amurke sau huɗu. ==Rayuwan Farko== An haife Alhassan a Glenarden, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://www.teamusa.com/profiles/rhamat-alhassan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206133103/http://www.teamusa.org/usa-volleyball/athletes/Rhamat-Alhassan |archive-date=December 6, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Team USA}}</ref>Iyayenta ’yan gudun hijira ne ’yan Ghana, kuma ta girma tana jin Turanci da Hausa.<ref>{{cite web |last=Eisen |first=Alex |date=March 18, 2026 |title=On her own terms |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2026/03/on-her-own-terms |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dooley |first=Pat |date=August 20, 2017 |title=Alhassan's journey enters final season |url=https://www.gainesville.com/story/sports/college/2017/08/20/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season/19409992007/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820183424/http://www.gainesville.com:80/sports/20170820/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season |archive-date=August 20, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |work=The Gainesville Sun}}</ref>Ta fara buga ƙwallon kwando a aji na bakwai, kuma ba ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ba har sai da ta yi shekara ta biyu a makarantar sakandare, a The Academy of the Holy Cross a Kensington, Maryland.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FEATURE: Rhamat Alhassan Leaving Her Mark on Gator Volleyball |url=http://www.wruf.com/headlines/2017/12/08/feature-rhamat-alhassan-leaving-mark-gator-volleyball/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=ESPN 98.1 FM - 850 AM WRUF |language=en-US}}</ref>A kakar wasanta na ƙarshe a Florida, Alhassan ta taimaka wajen jagorantar Gators zuwa Gasar Cin Kofin Ƙasa ta shekarar 2017. ==Kwaleji== Makarantu da yawa suna sha'awarta a matsayinta na 'yar wasa, amma yawancin suna sha'awar fasahar wasan ƙwallon kwando, wanda ya fi ƙwarewar wasan kwallon raga.Tsohon kocinta na kwallon kwando, Eddie Simpson, ya ce "ta fi ta 'yar kwallon kwando kyau", kuma Alhassan ya yarda.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Williams |first=Preston |title=Rhamat Alhassan of Holy Cross sticking with volleyball for college |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/recruiting-insider/wp/2013/05/15/rhamat-alhassan-of-holy-cross-sticking-with-volleyball-for-college/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |language=en |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> Florida tana ɗaya daga cikin makarantu da yawa da ke sha'awarta a matsayinta na ɗan wasan ƙwallon raga.Yayin da yake makarantar sakandare, Alhassan ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar yin wasanni biyu a jami'a, amma ya ƙare ya mai da hankali kan wasan kwallon raga.Alhassan ya zabi Florida, wani bangare na wasan kwallon raga, wani bangare don wurin, da kuma wani bangare na Kwalejin Jarida da Sadarwa ta Florida.<ref name=":1" /> Kungiyar Gators ba ta kai ga matakin 'Final 4' ba tun shekarar 2003. A cikin 2018, Alhassan ya lashe kyautar Honda Sports Award a matsayin mafi kyawun ƴan wasan ƙwallon raga na ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alhassan in L.A. for 2018 Honda Sports Award ceremony |url=https://floridagators.com/news/2018/6/23/volleyball-alhassan-in-l-a-for-2018-honda-sports-award-ceremony.aspx |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=Florida Gators |language=en}}</ref> Ta kuma sauke karatu a shekarar 2018 tare da yin digiri na farko a fannin sadarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhamat Alhassan - Volleyball |url=https://floridagators.com/sports/womens-volleyball/roster/rhamat-alhassan/10515 |access-date=March 7, 2021 |website=Florida Gators |language=en}}</ref> ==Girmamawa da Kyaututtuka== [[Honda Sports Award]] na Volleyball (2018) ==Manazarta== gxx8sdby7uonkdsa1ygemmarztdi1uf 974765 974764 2026-11-01T13:07:58Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 /* Girmamawa da Kyaututtuka */ 974765 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' <ref>{{cite web |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Rise Sign Former Florida Four-Time All-American Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2025/08/rise-sign-former-florida-four-time-all-american-rhamat-alhassan |access-date=July 8, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref>(An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996)'Yar wasan volleyball ce 'yar ƙasar Amurka, wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai toshe ƙwallo a tsakiya. Ta buga wa tawagar ƙwallon volleyball ta mata ta Amurka wasa daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2022.A Jami'ar Florida, ta kasance ƙwararren ɗan Amurka Ba-Amurke sau huɗu. ==Rayuwan Farko== An haife Alhassan a Glenarden, Maryland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://www.teamusa.com/profiles/rhamat-alhassan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206133103/http://www.teamusa.org/usa-volleyball/athletes/Rhamat-Alhassan |archive-date=December 6, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Team USA}}</ref>Iyayenta ’yan gudun hijira ne ’yan Ghana, kuma ta girma tana jin Turanci da Hausa.<ref>{{cite web |last=Eisen |first=Alex |date=March 18, 2026 |title=On her own terms |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2026/03/on-her-own-terms |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dooley |first=Pat |date=August 20, 2017 |title=Alhassan's journey enters final season |url=https://www.gainesville.com/story/sports/college/2017/08/20/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season/19409992007/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820183424/http://www.gainesville.com:80/sports/20170820/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season |archive-date=August 20, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |work=The Gainesville Sun}}</ref>Ta fara buga ƙwallon kwando a aji na bakwai, kuma ba ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ba har sai da ta yi shekara ta biyu a makarantar sakandare, a The Academy of the Holy Cross a Kensington, Maryland.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FEATURE: Rhamat Alhassan Leaving Her Mark on Gator Volleyball |url=http://www.wruf.com/headlines/2017/12/08/feature-rhamat-alhassan-leaving-mark-gator-volleyball/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=ESPN 98.1 FM - 850 AM WRUF |language=en-US}}</ref>A kakar wasanta na ƙarshe a Florida, Alhassan ta taimaka wajen jagorantar Gators zuwa Gasar Cin Kofin Ƙasa ta shekarar 2017. ==Kwaleji== Makarantu da yawa suna sha'awarta a matsayinta na 'yar wasa, amma yawancin suna sha'awar fasahar wasan ƙwallon kwando, wanda ya fi ƙwarewar wasan kwallon raga.Tsohon kocinta na kwallon kwando, Eddie Simpson, ya ce "ta fi ta 'yar kwallon kwando kyau", kuma Alhassan ya yarda.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Williams |first=Preston |title=Rhamat Alhassan of Holy Cross sticking with volleyball for college |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/recruiting-insider/wp/2013/05/15/rhamat-alhassan-of-holy-cross-sticking-with-volleyball-for-college/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |language=en |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> Florida tana ɗaya daga cikin makarantu da yawa da ke sha'awarta a matsayinta na ɗan wasan ƙwallon raga.Yayin da yake makarantar sakandare, Alhassan ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar yin wasanni biyu a jami'a, amma ya ƙare ya mai da hankali kan wasan kwallon raga.Alhassan ya zabi Florida, wani bangare na wasan kwallon raga, wani bangare don wurin, da kuma wani bangare na Kwalejin Jarida da Sadarwa ta Florida.<ref name=":1" /> Kungiyar Gators ba ta kai ga matakin 'Final 4' ba tun shekarar 2003. A cikin 2018, Alhassan ya lashe kyautar Honda Sports Award a matsayin mafi kyawun ƴan wasan ƙwallon raga na ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alhassan in L.A. for 2018 Honda Sports Award ceremony |url=https://floridagators.com/news/2018/6/23/volleyball-alhassan-in-l-a-for-2018-honda-sports-award-ceremony.aspx |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=Florida Gators |language=en}}</ref> Ta kuma sauke karatu a shekarar 2018 tare da yin digiri na farko a fannin sadarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rhamat Alhassan - Volleyball |url=https://floridagators.com/sports/womens-volleyball/roster/rhamat-alhassan/10515 |access-date=March 7, 2021 |website=Florida Gators |language=en}}</ref> ==Girmamawa da Kyaututtuka== *Volleyball na [Honda Sports Award]] (2018) *American Volleyball Coaches Association (AVCA) A-American *Yar wasan Volleyball na shekarar 2017 a gasar SEC ==Manazarta== 73x1iepv9ern8lvrt43fxy758p3eek1 974767 974765 2026-11-01T13:10:28Z Abubakar Yusuf Gusau 14813 /* Girmamawa da Kyaututtuka */ 974767 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rhamat Alhassan''' <ref>{{cite web |date=August 7, 2025 |title=Rise Sign Former Florida Four-Time All-American Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2025/08/rise-sign-former-florida-four-time-all-american-rhamat-alhassan |access-date=July 8, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref>(An haife ta 7 ga watan satumba shekara ta 1996)'Yar wasan volleyball ce 'yar ƙasar Amurka, wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai toshe ƙwallo a tsakiya. Ta buga wa tawagar ƙwallon volleyball ta mata ta Amurka wasa daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2022.A Jami'ar Florida, ta kasance ƙwararren ɗan Amurka Ba-Amurke sau huɗu. ==Rayuwan Farko== An haife Alhassan a Glenarden, Maryland.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Rhamat Alhassan |url=https://www.teamusa.com/profiles/rhamat-alhassan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206133103/http://www.teamusa.org/usa-volleyball/athletes/Rhamat-Alhassan |archive-date=December 6, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Team USA}}</ref>Iyayenta ’yan gudun hijira ne ’yan Ghana, kuma ta girma tana jin Turanci da Hausa.<ref>{{cite web |last=Eisen |first=Alex |date=March 18, 2026 |title=On her own terms |url=https://provolleyball.com/news/2026/03/on-her-own-terms |access-date=June 26, 2026 |publisher=Grand Rapids Rise}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dooley |first=Pat |date=August 20, 2017 |title=Alhassan's journey enters final season |url=https://www.gainesville.com/story/sports/college/2017/08/20/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season/19409992007/ |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820183424/http://www.gainesville.com:80/sports/20170820/alhassans-journey-enters-final-season |archive-date=August 20, 2019 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |work=The Gainesville Sun}}</ref>Ta fara buga ƙwallon kwando a aji na bakwai, kuma ba ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ba har sai da ta yi shekara ta biyu a makarantar sakandare, a The Academy of the Holy Cross a Kensington, Maryland.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2017 |title=FEATURE: Rhamat Alhassan Leaving Her Mark on Gator Volleyball |url=http://www.wruf.com/headlines/2017/12/08/feature-rhamat-alhassan-leaving-mark-gator-volleyball/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=ESPN 98.1 FM - 850 AM WRUF |language=en-US}}</ref>A kakar wasanta na ƙarshe a Florida, Alhassan ta taimaka wajen jagorantar Gators zuwa Gasar Cin Kofin Ƙasa ta shekarar 2017. ==Kwaleji== Makarantu da yawa suna sha'awarta a matsayinta na 'yar wasa, amma yawancin suna sha'awar fasahar wasan ƙwallon kwando, wanda ya fi ƙwarewar wasan kwallon raga.Tsohon kocinta na kwallon kwando, Eddie Simpson, ya ce "ta fi ta 'yar kwallon kwando kyau", kuma Alhassan ya yarda.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Williams |first=Preston |title=Rhamat Alhassan of Holy Cross sticking with volleyball for college |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/recruiting-insider/wp/2013/05/15/rhamat-alhassan-of-holy-cross-sticking-with-volleyball-for-college/ |access-date=April 1, 2020 |language=en |newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> Florida tana ɗaya daga cikin makarantu da yawa da ke sha'awarta a matsayinta na ɗan wasan ƙwallon raga.Yayin da yake makarantar sakandare, Alhassan ya yi la'akari da yiwuwar yin wasanni biyu a jami'a, amma ya ƙare ya mai da hankali kan wasan kwallon raga.Alhassan ya zabi Florida, wani bangare na wasan kwallon raga, wani bangare don wurin, da kuma wani bangare na Kwalejin Jarida da Sadarwa ta Florida.<ref name=":1" /> Kungiyar Gators ba ta kai ga matakin 'Final 4' ba tun shekarar 2003. A cikin 2018, Alhassan ya lashe kyautar Honda Sports Award a matsayin mafi kyawun ƴan wasan ƙwallon raga na ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alhassan in L.A. for 2018 Honda Sports Award ceremony |url=https://floridagators.com/news/2018/6/23/volleyball-alhassan-in-l-a-for-2018-honda-sports-award-ceremony.aspx |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=Florida Gators |language=en}}</ref> Ta kuma sauke karatu a shekarar 2018 tare da yin digiri na farko a fannin sadarwa.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Rhamat Alhassan - Volleyball |url=https://floridagators.com/sports/womens-volleyball/roster/rhamat-alhassan/10515 |access-date=March 7, 2021 |website=Florida Gators |language=en}}</ref> ==Girmamawa da Kyaututtuka== *Volleyball na Honda Sports Award (2018)<ref>{{Cite journal |date=January 3, 2018 |title=Rhamat Alhassan of Florida Named Honda Sport Award Winner for Volleyball |url=https://www.collegiatewomensportsawards.com/releases/2017-18/20180103alhassan |language=en |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=CWSA}}</ref> *American Volleyball Coaches Association (AVCA) A-American<ref name=":2" /> *Yar wasan Volleyball na shekarar 2017 a gasar SEC<ref>{{Cite web |title=2017 SEC Volleyball Awards announced |url=https://www.secsports.com/article/21514209/2017-sec-volleyball-awards-announced |access-date=April 1, 2020 |website=www.secsports.com}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> ==Manazarta== oumw3mabsvx6zzrsww3ewjcknnygo54 0 180492 974786 2026-11-01T13:33:38Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366300636|Zino Davidoff]]" 974786 wikitext text/x-wiki Zino Davidoff (an haife shi Sussele-Meier Davidoff, daga baya aka russified a matsayin Zinovy Davidoff; 11 Maris 1906 - 14 Janairu 1994) ya kasance mai sayar da sigari na Switzerland, mai sayar da taba kuma marubucin asalin Ukrainian-Yahudawa. Mai mallakar shagon taba na Davidoff a Geneva daga farkon shekarun 1930 har zuwa mutuwarsa, ya kafa sunan Davidoff a matsayin daya daga cikin sanannun nau'ikan sigari na alatu a duniya kuma an san shi da sunan "Sarkin Cigars". An yaba masa da kirkirar humidor na tebur, tare da gabatar da sunan Bordeaux na Faransa ga cinikin sigari ta hanyar jerin Château na 1946, da kuma shawo kan mallakar taba na jihar Cuba don mirgine masa alamar gidan kansa a masana'antar El Laguito a Havana - wannan ɗakin da ya samar da Cohíbas na Fidel Castro. Ayyukansa na 1967 The Connoisseur's Book of the Cigar (Le livre du connaisseur de cigare) ya sayar da fiye da 200,000 kofe a cikin harsuna da yawa kuma ya zama misali na wallafe-wallafen sigari. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Davidoff a ranar 11 ga Maris 1906 a Novhorod-Siverskyi, wani karamin gari a cikin Gwamnatin Chernihiv na Daular Rasha ([[Ukraniya|Ukraine]] ta yau), ga dangin Yahudawa a cikin kasuwancin taba. Shi ne na biyu cikin 'ya'ya biyar na Hillel Davidoff (sau da yawa Westernised a matsayin Henri) da matarsa Rachel; 'yan uwansa sune León, Joseph, Nina da Helène. Mahaifinsa yana gudanar da karamin kasuwancin taba a [[Kiev|Kyiv]] inda, duk da ƙuntatawa na hukuma, ya haɗu da taba na gabas kuma ya mirgine sigari ga abokai da abokan ciniki. A cikin 1911, a kan asalin Kisan kiyashi na Yahudawa wanda ya mamaye Daular Rasha daga 1905 zuwa gaba, dangin Davidoff sun gudu zuwa yamma kuma sun zauna a [[Geneva]], Switzerland. Zino mai shekaru biyar ya zo tare da iyayensa da 'yan uwansa a matsayin 'yan gudun hijira.Mahaifinsa da sauri ya buɗe ƙaramin shagon taba a Place des Philosophes (daga baya ya koma gidaje a kan Rue de la Confédération da Rue du Marché) wanda da sauri ya zama wurin taro ga 'yan gudun hijirar Rasha da' yan gudun hijira na siyasa, gami da, ta wasu asusun, 'yan Social Democrats na Rasha da ke zaune a Switzerland. Davidoff ya yi karatu a Collège Calvin a Geneva, makarantar sakandare da John Calvin ya kafa a 1559 kuma ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffi a Turai. Ya kasance yana son harsuna, bil'adama da kiɗa - yana so ya yi karatun violin - maimakon kimiyya, kuma ya bar makaranta yana da shekaru ashirin ba tare da ci gaba da zuwa jami'a ba. == Koyon aiki a Amurka == A cikin 1924 Davidoff ya yi tafiya zuwa Kudancin da Amurka ta Tsakiya don koyon kasuwancin taba a asalinsa. Ba tare da wata ƙasa ba kuma yana tafiya a kan Fasfo na Nansen-style League of Nations, an ruwaito cewa an sace takardunsa jim kadan bayan ya isa Argentina; jami'an yankin, sun yi kuskuren takardar shaidar diflomasiyya, sun ba shi sabbin takardun shaida, suna ba shi 'yan asalin Argentina.Daga baya zai sami 'yancin zama ɗan ƙasar Switzerland. Kimanin shekaru biyar, tun daga 1925, Davidoff ya yi aiki a gonakin taba da masana'antun sigari a Argentina, Brazil da Cuba, yana nazarin noma, fermentation, cakudawa da kuma juyawa. Tsawon zamansa a Cuba ya kasance mai mahimmanci; daga baya ya bayyana gamuwa da Taba sigari na Cuba a matsayin "bincike, abin mamaki".Ya koma Geneva a kusa da 1930. == Davidoff na Geneva == === Gina shagon === Bayan ya dawo Switzerland, Davidoff ya shiga shagon mahaifinsa a kan Rue de la Confédération kuma ya ci gaba da karɓar sayen, tallace-tallace da jagorancin kasuwancin. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1931 ya auri Marthe (wanda aka ba shi da Martha) Meyer, 'yar dangin 'yan kasuwa na Basel; sadakarta ta ba shi damar siyan shagon kai tsaye daga mahaifinsa, wanda ya ki ba da rancen kasuwancin don ɗansa ya iya aro akan shi. Ma'auratan suna da 'yar, Sonia, an haife ta a shekara ta 1933. Sanin cewa taba na Cuban da ya sayar ya girma kuma ya tsufa a cikin yanayin da ba shi da daidaituwa a cikin sanyi, busassun nahiyar Turai, Davidoff ya canza ginshiki na shagon zuwa ɗakin da ke sarrafa yanayi wanda aka tsara don sake haifar da danshi da zafin jiki na [[Karibiyan|Caribbean]]. Ana ba da ɗakin gabaɗaya a matsayin ɗakunan sigari na farko na kasuwanci a Turai da kuma kakannin ra'ayi na ɗakunan tebur na zamani, wanda Davidoff aka ɗauka a matsayin mai kirkiro. === Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu === Farkawar Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ya zama canji ga kasuwancin.A cikin 1939, tare da sojojin Jamus suna kusantar Faransa, Seita, mallakar taba na jihar Faransa, ya ba Davidoff barazanar ajiyar kusan sigari na Havana miliyan biyu sannan aka adana su a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Faransa.Tare da kudaden banki ya sayi dukkan kayan aiki kuma ya tura shi cikin nutsuwa a cikin ɗakunan ajiyarsa na Geneva. Tare da cinikin trans-Atlantic da aka rushe daga baya, Davidoff ya zama, na ɗan lokaci, yadda ya kamata dillali ɗaya a Turai wanda zai iya samar da sigari na Havana mai inganci; shagonsa ya yi wa abokan ciniki hidima a bangarorin biyu na rikici kuma sunansa a matsayin tushen amintaccen taba mai kyau ya bazu a duniya. Daga wannan lokacin ya fito ne daga lakabin jarida akai-akai, "Mister Cigar". === Jerin Château da haɓakar bayan yaƙi === A shekara ta 1946 Davidoff ya gabatar da abin da zai zama sanannen kirkirar kasuwanci: jerin sigari da ake kira ba don masana'antun gargajiya na Cuban ba amma don manyan wuraren Bordeaux Premier Cru.Layin, wanda Hoyo de Monterrey ya ƙera masa a Havana kuma an kunshe shi a cikin akwatunan katako marasa ado, ya ƙunshi Château Haut-Brion, Château Lafite, Châteateau Margaux, Chââteau Latour da Château Yquem (wanda Château Mouton-Rothschild ya haɗu da shi daga baya). An sayar da shi ta hanyar cibiyar sadarwa ta Davidoff na abokan ciniki na Turai, sigari na Château sun haɗa sigari da harshen ruwan inabi mai kyau kuma sun kawo shagon Davidoff ga hankalin sabon abokan ciniki na duniya. A cikin shekarun 1950 da 1960 shagon ya zama alama ce ta Geneva wanda kwastomomin su sun hada da Marshal Tito, violinist Isaac Stern, pianist Artur Rubinstein, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Orson Welles, Baron Edmond de Rothschild da [[Gina Lollobrigida]] . Labarin da ya fi shahara a cikin tarihin shagon ya shafi [[Farouk of Egypt|Sarki Farouk na Masar]], wanda, bayan tattaunawa mai tsawo da kuma binciken bashi da aka gudanar a [[Rum|Roma]], ya ba da umarni game da 40,000 Hoyo de Monterrey sau biyu da ke ɗauke da ƙungiyar al'ada. Duk da sha'awar da yake yi wa [[Winston Churchill]], Davidoff bai taɓa ƙidaya ɗan ƙasar Burtaniya a cikin abokan cinikinsa ba. === Cubatabaco da alamar Davidoff === A cikin 1967 Cubatabaco, ikon mallakar jihar da ya mallaki masana'antar sigari ta Cuba bayan Juyin Juya Halin Cuba, ya kusanci Davidoff tare da wani tsari da ba a taɓa gani ba: don mirgine alamar gidan kansa da ke ɗauke da sunansa a sabon masana'antar El Laguito da aka gina a Havana, wanda aka kafa a shekarar da ta gabata don samar da sigari na Cohíba mai zaman kansa na Castro. An saki siffofi uku na farko - Davidoff No. 1, Davidoff No.2 da Ambassadrice, daidai da tsarin El Laguito No. 1, No. 2 da No. 3 - a cikin 1968-1969, wanda za'a iya gane shi ta hanyar farar fata mai ban sha'awa tare da rubutun zinariya. Davidoff No. 1 an dauke shi a matsayin Lancero na farko da aka sayar da shi. Ƙarin jerin sun biyo baya a cikin shekarun 1970s, gami da Mille (1976) da ''Dom Pérignon'' (1977). Ko da yake sunan Davidoff an san shi da alamar ''Dubban'' kuma kodayake ya tattauna da kansa tare da hukumomin Cuban, ta hanyar shigar da kansa bai taɓa saduwa da Castro ba.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}} A shekara ta 1970, a lokacin da yake aiki, Davidoff ya sayar da kasuwancin ga kamfanin Oettinger AG na Basel, mallakar babban abokinsa Dokta Ernst Schneider; shagon Geneva da alamar kasuwanci ta Davidoff sun wuce ga Oettinger, yayin da Davidoff da kansa ya kasance jakadan jama'a na alamar har tsawon rayuwarsa. A wannan lokacin ne kamfanin ya fadada zuwa taba mai bututu (1972), sigari da kayan haɗi. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}} === Kungiyar Zino Davidoff === A cikin 1980 ayyukan da ba na taba sigari ba an raba su cikin kamfani daban, Zino Davidoff Group, wanda ya fara lasisin sunan Davidoff don kayan alatu.Davidoff cognac ya biyo baya a cikin 1986; Davidoff ido a cikin 1988; an ƙaddamar da turare na farko na Davidoff a cikin 1984, da ƙanshin maza Cool Water, wanda mai turare Pierre Bourdon ya kirkira, a cikin 1988.Masu binciken kiwon lafiya na jama'a sun yi jayayya cewa wannan bambancin - wani lokacin ana bayyana shi a matsayin "tsinkaye mai laushi" - kuma ya yi aiki don kiyaye sunan Davidoff a cikin tashoshin talla da aka rufe ga samfuran taba a yankuna da yawa. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}} === Kashewa da Cuba === A ƙarshen shekarun 1980 Davidoff ya ƙara rashin gamsuwa da daidaito na samfurin Cuban, yana mai ambaton matsaloli tare da zanawa, ƙonewa da gini. A shekara ta 1987 ya soki sana'ar Cuban a fili a gidan talabijin na Faransa. Rashin jituwa ya karu har sai, a watan Agustan 1989, Davidoff - tare da wakilan Cubatabaco da jami'an kwastam na Switzerland - sun ƙone kusan sigari 130,000 na Cuban da ya yanke hukunci ba su dace da sayarwa ba. {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}}Fim ɗin, wani lokacin ana kiransa "Davidoff bonfire", ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan alama mafi tsada na kula da inganci a tarihin kasuwancin alatu. An yi watsi da Cuba a cikin 1990-1991.An canja wurin samarwa zuwa [[Jamhuriyar Dominika|Jamhuriyar Dominica]] tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da mai gabatarwa Tabadom, mallakar babban mai haɗawa na Dominican-Swiss Hendrik Kelner; an saki sigari na farko na Davidoff da aka yi a Dominican a cikin 1991, kuma an sake sunan layin Château Grand Cru . == Rubuce-rubuce == Davidoff ya kasance marubuci mai yawa game da sigari da fasaha na rayuwa.Ayyukansa mafi sananne, Le livre du connaisseur de cigare - wanda aka rubuta tare da haɗin gwiwar ɗan jarida Gilles Lambert kuma aka buga shi a 1967 - ya bayyana a Turanci a wannan shekarar kamar The Connoisseur's Book of the Cigar (McGraw-Hill, shafi na 92). Haɗuwa da jagora mai amfani, labari da kuma adanawa da aka shirya a kan tarihin taba, noman ganye a cikin Vuelta Abajo, da kuma ladabi na zaɓar, haskakawa, shan sigari da adana sigari, an fassara littafin zuwa harsuna sama da goma sha biyu kuma an sayar da fiye da 200,000. Daga cikin umarnin da aka fi tunawa da shi shine ka'idar Davidoff: {{Cquote|Smoke less, but better and longer&nbsp;— make a cult of it, even a philosophy.<ref name="Legend100"/><ref name="ClassicDriver"/>}} Wani rubutu na daban game da halin sigari, kuma daga 1967, ya tsara abubuwan da suka faru da kuma don'ts waɗanda suka bazu a ƙarƙashin sunansa a cikin jaridar sigari tun daga lokacin. == Rayuwa da halayenta == Davidoff da matarsa Marthe sun kasance, ta hanyar dukkan asusun, ba za a iya raba su ba har tsawon shekaru sittin; ta yi aiki tare da shi a shagon kuma an ce ta bar shi sau ɗaya kawai a lokacin rayuwarsu ta aiki, don haihuwar 'yarsu. 'Yarsu Sonia ta kamu da rashin lafiyan taba a yarinya kuma ba ta shiga kasuwancin iyali ba. Davidoff ya kasance mai yare da yawa - Rasha, Faransanci da Mutanen Espanya kuma yana da 'yan asalin Argentina da Switzerland da aka samu a lokacin tafiye-tafiyensa na farko. In person he was a small, dapper, white-haired figure invariably photographed with a Davidoff White Label between his fingers. He cultivated, and embodied, the persona of the cosmopolitan European bon vivant; the slogan he chose for his brand — "When you know" — reflected the discreet snobbery on which his commercial appeal rested. Late in life he is said to have remarked that he had spent his career "trading in dreams and illusions".{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}} == Mutuwa da gado == Davidoff ya mutu a [[Geneva]] a ranar 14 ga Janairun 1994 yana da shekaru 87. An binne shi a Kabarin Yahudawa na Veyrier, a kan iyakar Franco-Swiss. Obituaries a cikin The Independent, da Associated Press da The Jewish Chronicle, da sauransu, sun bayyana shi a matsayin mutum daya da aka fi sani a cikin kasuwancin sigari na Turai bayan yakin. Sunansa ya ci gaba a matsayin babban alama na Oettinger Davidoff AG na Basel, wanda a yau ke aiki da Davidoff na Geneva a cikin birane a duniya kuma yana samar da sigari a [[Jamhuriyar Dominika|Jamhuriyar Dominica]] da [[Honduras]].An sayar da kasuwancin sigari na Davidoff ga Imperial Tobacco (yanzu Imperial Brands) a cikin shekara ta 2006. Jaridar sigari ta Jamus Dieter H. Wirtz ta wallafa tarihin rayuwa don yin bikin cika shekaru dari na haihuwar Davidoff a shekara ta 2006; a wannan shekarar, Oettinger Davidoff ta ba da sigari na tunawa da ''Zino Davidoff Centenary'' . {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}}&nbsp; Baya ga alamar da ke ɗauke da sunansa, ana ba da gudummawa ga Davidoff tare da gudummawar da aka ba da guddina guda uku ga masana'antar sigari ta zamani: shahararren ɗakunan tebur da ajiyar sayar da kayayyaki masu sarrafa yanayi; amfani da sunan ruwan inabi mai kyau da marufi don sanya sigari a matsayin kayan alatu maimakon kaya; da kuma tsarawa - ta hanyar littafinsa da shagonsa - na tsarin mabukaci don shan sigari. == Ayyukan da aka zaɓa == * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]''Littafin masanin sigari''.Paris: Robert Laffont. * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]Littafin Connoisseur na Sigari .Lawrence Grow ne ya fassara shi.New York: McGraw-Hill. .{{ISBN|0-07-015460-0}} * [Hasiya]Zino Davidoff: A Life of Cigars (Ingilishi ed.).Basel: Oettinger Davidoff. == Dubi kuma == * Davidoff * Kungiyar Zino Davidoff * Cohíba * Tarihin Yahudawa a Switzerland * Sigari == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1994]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1906]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] m9xr7iw3o6cptgj6ndfs9c7oynhglti 974789 974786 2026-11-01T13:34:06Z Salma Raddah 45959 974789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Zino Davidoff (an haife shi Sussele-Meier Davidoff, daga baya aka russified a matsayin Zinovy Davidoff; 11 Maris 1906 - 14 Janairu 1994) ya kasance mai sayar da sigari na Switzerland, mai sayar da taba kuma marubucin asalin Ukrainian-Yahudawa. Mai mallakar shagon taba na Davidoff a Geneva daga farkon shekarun 1930 har zuwa mutuwarsa, ya kafa sunan Davidoff a matsayin daya daga cikin sanannun nau'ikan sigari na alatu a duniya kuma an san shi da sunan "Sarkin Cigars". An yaba masa da kirkirar humidor na tebur, tare da gabatar da sunan Bordeaux na Faransa ga cinikin sigari ta hanyar jerin Château na 1946, da kuma shawo kan mallakar taba na jihar Cuba don mirgine masa alamar gidan kansa a masana'antar El Laguito a Havana - wannan ɗakin da ya samar da Cohíbas na Fidel Castro. Ayyukansa na 1967 The Connoisseur's Book of the Cigar (Le livre du connaisseur de cigare) ya sayar da fiye da 200,000 kofe a cikin harsuna da yawa kuma ya zama misali na wallafe-wallafen sigari. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Davidoff a ranar 11 ga Maris 1906 a Novhorod-Siverskyi, wani karamin gari a cikin Gwamnatin Chernihiv na Daular Rasha ([[Ukraniya|Ukraine]] ta yau), ga dangin Yahudawa a cikin kasuwancin taba. Shi ne na biyu cikin 'ya'ya biyar na Hillel Davidoff (sau da yawa Westernised a matsayin Henri) da matarsa Rachel; 'yan uwansa sune León, Joseph, Nina da Helène. Mahaifinsa yana gudanar da karamin kasuwancin taba a [[Kiev|Kyiv]] inda, duk da ƙuntatawa na hukuma, ya haɗu da taba na gabas kuma ya mirgine sigari ga abokai da abokan ciniki. A cikin 1911, a kan asalin Kisan kiyashi na Yahudawa wanda ya mamaye Daular Rasha daga 1905 zuwa gaba, dangin Davidoff sun gudu zuwa yamma kuma sun zauna a [[Geneva]], Switzerland. Zino mai shekaru biyar ya zo tare da iyayensa da 'yan uwansa a matsayin 'yan gudun hijira.Mahaifinsa da sauri ya buɗe ƙaramin shagon taba a Place des Philosophes (daga baya ya koma gidaje a kan Rue de la Confédération da Rue du Marché) wanda da sauri ya zama wurin taro ga 'yan gudun hijirar Rasha da' yan gudun hijira na siyasa, gami da, ta wasu asusun, 'yan Social Democrats na Rasha da ke zaune a Switzerland. Davidoff ya yi karatu a Collège Calvin a Geneva, makarantar sakandare da John Calvin ya kafa a 1559 kuma ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffi a Turai. Ya kasance yana son harsuna, bil'adama da kiɗa - yana so ya yi karatun violin - maimakon kimiyya, kuma ya bar makaranta yana da shekaru ashirin ba tare da ci gaba da zuwa jami'a ba. == Koyon aiki a Amurka == A cikin 1924 Davidoff ya yi tafiya zuwa Kudancin da Amurka ta Tsakiya don koyon kasuwancin taba a asalinsa. Ba tare da wata ƙasa ba kuma yana tafiya a kan Fasfo na Nansen-style League of Nations, an ruwaito cewa an sace takardunsa jim kadan bayan ya isa Argentina; jami'an yankin, sun yi kuskuren takardar shaidar diflomasiyya, sun ba shi sabbin takardun shaida, suna ba shi 'yan asalin Argentina.Daga baya zai sami 'yancin zama ɗan ƙasar Switzerland. Kimanin shekaru biyar, tun daga 1925, Davidoff ya yi aiki a gonakin taba da masana'antun sigari a Argentina, Brazil da Cuba, yana nazarin noma, fermentation, cakudawa da kuma juyawa. Tsawon zamansa a Cuba ya kasance mai mahimmanci; daga baya ya bayyana gamuwa da Taba sigari na Cuba a matsayin "bincike, abin mamaki".Ya koma Geneva a kusa da 1930. == Davidoff na Geneva == === Gina shagon === Bayan ya dawo Switzerland, Davidoff ya shiga shagon mahaifinsa a kan Rue de la Confédération kuma ya ci gaba da karɓar sayen, tallace-tallace da jagorancin kasuwancin. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1931 ya auri Marthe (wanda aka ba shi da Martha) Meyer, 'yar dangin 'yan kasuwa na Basel; sadakarta ta ba shi damar siyan shagon kai tsaye daga mahaifinsa, wanda ya ki ba da rancen kasuwancin don ɗansa ya iya aro akan shi. Ma'auratan suna da 'yar, Sonia, an haife ta a shekara ta 1933. Sanin cewa taba na Cuban da ya sayar ya girma kuma ya tsufa a cikin yanayin da ba shi da daidaituwa a cikin sanyi, busassun nahiyar Turai, Davidoff ya canza ginshiki na shagon zuwa ɗakin da ke sarrafa yanayi wanda aka tsara don sake haifar da danshi da zafin jiki na [[Karibiyan|Caribbean]]. Ana ba da ɗakin gabaɗaya a matsayin ɗakunan sigari na farko na kasuwanci a Turai da kuma kakannin ra'ayi na ɗakunan tebur na zamani, wanda Davidoff aka ɗauka a matsayin mai kirkiro. === Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu === Farkawar Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ya zama canji ga kasuwancin.A cikin 1939, tare da sojojin Jamus suna kusantar Faransa, Seita, mallakar taba na jihar Faransa, ya ba Davidoff barazanar ajiyar kusan sigari na Havana miliyan biyu sannan aka adana su a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Faransa.Tare da kudaden banki ya sayi dukkan kayan aiki kuma ya tura shi cikin nutsuwa a cikin ɗakunan ajiyarsa na Geneva. Tare da cinikin trans-Atlantic da aka rushe daga baya, Davidoff ya zama, na ɗan lokaci, yadda ya kamata dillali ɗaya a Turai wanda zai iya samar da sigari na Havana mai inganci; shagonsa ya yi wa abokan ciniki hidima a bangarorin biyu na rikici kuma sunansa a matsayin tushen amintaccen taba mai kyau ya bazu a duniya. Daga wannan lokacin ya fito ne daga lakabin jarida akai-akai, "Mister Cigar". === Jerin Château da haɓakar bayan yaƙi === A shekara ta 1946 Davidoff ya gabatar da abin da zai zama sanannen kirkirar kasuwanci: jerin sigari da ake kira ba don masana'antun gargajiya na Cuban ba amma don manyan wuraren Bordeaux Premier Cru.Layin, wanda Hoyo de Monterrey ya ƙera masa a Havana kuma an kunshe shi a cikin akwatunan katako marasa ado, ya ƙunshi Château Haut-Brion, Château Lafite, Châteateau Margaux, Chââteau Latour da Château Yquem (wanda Château Mouton-Rothschild ya haɗu da shi daga baya). An sayar da shi ta hanyar cibiyar sadarwa ta Davidoff na abokan ciniki na Turai, sigari na Château sun haɗa sigari da harshen ruwan inabi mai kyau kuma sun kawo shagon Davidoff ga hankalin sabon abokan ciniki na duniya. A cikin shekarun 1950 da 1960 shagon ya zama alama ce ta Geneva wanda kwastomomin su sun hada da Marshal Tito, violinist Isaac Stern, pianist Artur Rubinstein, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Orson Welles, Baron Edmond de Rothschild da [[Gina Lollobrigida]] . Labarin da ya fi shahara a cikin tarihin shagon ya shafi [[Farouk of Egypt|Sarki Farouk na Masar]], wanda, bayan tattaunawa mai tsawo da kuma binciken bashi da aka gudanar a [[Rum|Roma]], ya ba da umarni game da 40,000 Hoyo de Monterrey sau biyu da ke ɗauke da ƙungiyar al'ada. Duk da sha'awar da yake yi wa [[Winston Churchill]], Davidoff bai taɓa ƙidaya ɗan ƙasar Burtaniya a cikin abokan cinikinsa ba. === Cubatabaco da alamar Davidoff === A cikin 1967 Cubatabaco, ikon mallakar jihar da ya mallaki masana'antar sigari ta Cuba bayan Juyin Juya Halin Cuba, ya kusanci Davidoff tare da wani tsari da ba a taɓa gani ba: don mirgine alamar gidan kansa da ke ɗauke da sunansa a sabon masana'antar El Laguito da aka gina a Havana, wanda aka kafa a shekarar da ta gabata don samar da sigari na Cohíba mai zaman kansa na Castro. An saki siffofi uku na farko - Davidoff No. 1, Davidoff No.2 da Ambassadrice, daidai da tsarin El Laguito No. 1, No. 2 da No. 3 - a cikin 1968-1969, wanda za'a iya gane shi ta hanyar farar fata mai ban sha'awa tare da rubutun zinariya. Davidoff No. 1 an dauke shi a matsayin Lancero na farko da aka sayar da shi. Ƙarin jerin sun biyo baya a cikin shekarun 1970s, gami da Mille (1976) da ''Dom Pérignon'' (1977). Ko da yake sunan Davidoff an san shi da alamar ''Dubban'' kuma kodayake ya tattauna da kansa tare da hukumomin Cuban, ta hanyar shigar da kansa bai taɓa saduwa da Castro ba.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}} A shekara ta 1970, a lokacin da yake aiki, Davidoff ya sayar da kasuwancin ga kamfanin Oettinger AG na Basel, mallakar babban abokinsa Dokta Ernst Schneider; shagon Geneva da alamar kasuwanci ta Davidoff sun wuce ga Oettinger, yayin da Davidoff da kansa ya kasance jakadan jama'a na alamar har tsawon rayuwarsa. A wannan lokacin ne kamfanin ya fadada zuwa taba mai bututu (1972), sigari da kayan haɗi. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}} === Kungiyar Zino Davidoff === A cikin 1980 ayyukan da ba na taba sigari ba an raba su cikin kamfani daban, Zino Davidoff Group, wanda ya fara lasisin sunan Davidoff don kayan alatu.Davidoff cognac ya biyo baya a cikin 1986; Davidoff ido a cikin 1988; an ƙaddamar da turare na farko na Davidoff a cikin 1984, da ƙanshin maza Cool Water, wanda mai turare Pierre Bourdon ya kirkira, a cikin 1988.Masu binciken kiwon lafiya na jama'a sun yi jayayya cewa wannan bambancin - wani lokacin ana bayyana shi a matsayin "tsinkaye mai laushi" - kuma ya yi aiki don kiyaye sunan Davidoff a cikin tashoshin talla da aka rufe ga samfuran taba a yankuna da yawa. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}} === Kashewa da Cuba === A ƙarshen shekarun 1980 Davidoff ya ƙara rashin gamsuwa da daidaito na samfurin Cuban, yana mai ambaton matsaloli tare da zanawa, ƙonewa da gini. A shekara ta 1987 ya soki sana'ar Cuban a fili a gidan talabijin na Faransa. Rashin jituwa ya karu har sai, a watan Agustan 1989, Davidoff - tare da wakilan Cubatabaco da jami'an kwastam na Switzerland - sun ƙone kusan sigari 130,000 na Cuban da ya yanke hukunci ba su dace da sayarwa ba. {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}}Fim ɗin, wani lokacin ana kiransa "Davidoff bonfire", ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan alama mafi tsada na kula da inganci a tarihin kasuwancin alatu. An yi watsi da Cuba a cikin 1990-1991.An canja wurin samarwa zuwa [[Jamhuriyar Dominika|Jamhuriyar Dominica]] tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da mai gabatarwa Tabadom, mallakar babban mai haɗawa na Dominican-Swiss Hendrik Kelner; an saki sigari na farko na Davidoff da aka yi a Dominican a cikin 1991, kuma an sake sunan layin Château Grand Cru . == Rubuce-rubuce == Davidoff ya kasance marubuci mai yawa game da sigari da fasaha na rayuwa.Ayyukansa mafi sananne, Le livre du connaisseur de cigare - wanda aka rubuta tare da haɗin gwiwar ɗan jarida Gilles Lambert kuma aka buga shi a 1967 - ya bayyana a Turanci a wannan shekarar kamar The Connoisseur's Book of the Cigar (McGraw-Hill, shafi na 92). Haɗuwa da jagora mai amfani, labari da kuma adanawa da aka shirya a kan tarihin taba, noman ganye a cikin Vuelta Abajo, da kuma ladabi na zaɓar, haskakawa, shan sigari da adana sigari, an fassara littafin zuwa harsuna sama da goma sha biyu kuma an sayar da fiye da 200,000. Daga cikin umarnin da aka fi tunawa da shi shine ka'idar Davidoff: {{Cquote|Smoke less, but better and longer&nbsp;— make a cult of it, even a philosophy.<ref name="Legend100"/><ref name="ClassicDriver"/>}} Wani rubutu na daban game da halin sigari, kuma daga 1967, ya tsara abubuwan da suka faru da kuma don'ts waɗanda suka bazu a ƙarƙashin sunansa a cikin jaridar sigari tun daga lokacin. == Rayuwa da halayenta == Davidoff da matarsa Marthe sun kasance, ta hanyar dukkan asusun, ba za a iya raba su ba har tsawon shekaru sittin; ta yi aiki tare da shi a shagon kuma an ce ta bar shi sau ɗaya kawai a lokacin rayuwarsu ta aiki, don haihuwar 'yarsu. 'Yarsu Sonia ta kamu da rashin lafiyan taba a yarinya kuma ba ta shiga kasuwancin iyali ba. Davidoff ya kasance mai yare da yawa - Rasha, Faransanci da Mutanen Espanya kuma yana da 'yan asalin Argentina da Switzerland da aka samu a lokacin tafiye-tafiyensa na farko. In person he was a small, dapper, white-haired figure invariably photographed with a Davidoff White Label between his fingers. He cultivated, and embodied, the persona of the cosmopolitan European bon vivant; the slogan he chose for his brand — "When you know" — reflected the discreet snobbery on which his commercial appeal rested. Late in life he is said to have remarked that he had spent his career "trading in dreams and illusions".{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}} == Mutuwa da gado == Davidoff ya mutu a [[Geneva]] a ranar 14 ga Janairun 1994 yana da shekaru 87. An binne shi a Kabarin Yahudawa na Veyrier, a kan iyakar Franco-Swiss. Obituaries a cikin The Independent, da Associated Press da The Jewish Chronicle, da sauransu, sun bayyana shi a matsayin mutum daya da aka fi sani a cikin kasuwancin sigari na Turai bayan yakin. Sunansa ya ci gaba a matsayin babban alama na Oettinger Davidoff AG na Basel, wanda a yau ke aiki da Davidoff na Geneva a cikin birane a duniya kuma yana samar da sigari a [[Jamhuriyar Dominika|Jamhuriyar Dominica]] da [[Honduras]].An sayar da kasuwancin sigari na Davidoff ga Imperial Tobacco (yanzu Imperial Brands) a cikin shekara ta 2006. Jaridar sigari ta Jamus Dieter H. Wirtz ta wallafa tarihin rayuwa don yin bikin cika shekaru dari na haihuwar Davidoff a shekara ta 2006; a wannan shekarar, Oettinger Davidoff ta ba da sigari na tunawa da ''Zino Davidoff Centenary'' . {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}}&nbsp; Baya ga alamar da ke ɗauke da sunansa, ana ba da gudummawa ga Davidoff tare da gudummawar da aka ba da guddina guda uku ga masana'antar sigari ta zamani: shahararren ɗakunan tebur da ajiyar sayar da kayayyaki masu sarrafa yanayi; amfani da sunan ruwan inabi mai kyau da marufi don sanya sigari a matsayin kayan alatu maimakon kaya; da kuma tsarawa - ta hanyar littafinsa da shagonsa - na tsarin mabukaci don shan sigari. == Ayyukan da aka zaɓa == * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]''Littafin masanin sigari''.Paris: Robert Laffont. * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]Littafin Connoisseur na Sigari .Lawrence Grow ne ya fassara shi.New York: McGraw-Hill. .{{ISBN|0-07-015460-0}} * [Hasiya]Zino Davidoff: A Life of Cigars (Ingilishi ed.).Basel: Oettinger Davidoff. == Dubi kuma == * Davidoff * Kungiyar Zino Davidoff * Cohíba * Tarihin Yahudawa a Switzerland * Sigari == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1994]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1906]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bvod34z3sdkyyn8i6h3o1fk1fa6v8r4 974790 974789 2026-11-01T13:34:28Z Salma Raddah 45959 974790 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Zino Davidoff (an haife shi a Sussele-Meier Davidoff, daga baya aka russified a matsayin Zinovy Davidoff; 11 Maris 1906 - 14 Janairu 1994) ya kasance mai sayar da sigari na Switzerland, mai sayar da taba kuma marubucin asalin Ukrainian-Yahudawa. Mai mallakar shagon taba na Davidoff a Geneva daga farkon shekarun 1930 har zuwa mutuwarsa, ya kafa sunan Davidoff a matsayin daya daga cikin sanannun nau'ikan sigari na alatu a duniya kuma an san shi da sunan "Sarkin Cigars". An yaba masa da kirkirar humidor na tebur, tare da gabatar da sunan Bordeaux na Faransa ga cinikin sigari ta hanyar jerin Château na 1946, da kuma shawo kan mallakar taba na jihar Cuba don mirgine masa alamar gidan kansa a masana'antar El Laguito a Havana - wannan ɗakin da ya samar da Cohíbas na Fidel Castro. Ayyukansa na 1967 The Connoisseur's Book of the Cigar (Le livre du connaisseur de cigare) ya sayar da fiye da 200,000 kofe a cikin harsuna da yawa kuma ya zama misali na wallafe-wallafen sigari. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Davidoff a ranar 11 ga Maris 1906 a Novhorod-Siverskyi, wani karamin gari a cikin Gwamnatin Chernihiv na Daular Rasha ([[Ukraniya|Ukraine]] ta yau), ga dangin Yahudawa a cikin kasuwancin taba. Shi ne na biyu cikin 'ya'ya biyar na Hillel Davidoff (sau da yawa Westernised a matsayin Henri) da matarsa Rachel; 'yan uwansa sune León, Joseph, Nina da Helène. Mahaifinsa yana gudanar da karamin kasuwancin taba a [[Kiev|Kyiv]] inda, duk da ƙuntatawa na hukuma, ya haɗu da taba na gabas kuma ya mirgine sigari ga abokai da abokan ciniki. A cikin 1911, a kan asalin Kisan kiyashi na Yahudawa wanda ya mamaye Daular Rasha daga 1905 zuwa gaba, dangin Davidoff sun gudu zuwa yamma kuma sun zauna a [[Geneva]], Switzerland. Zino mai shekaru biyar ya zo tare da iyayensa da 'yan uwansa a matsayin 'yan gudun hijira.Mahaifinsa da sauri ya buɗe ƙaramin shagon taba a Place des Philosophes (daga baya ya koma gidaje a kan Rue de la Confédération da Rue du Marché) wanda da sauri ya zama wurin taro ga 'yan gudun hijirar Rasha da' yan gudun hijira na siyasa, gami da, ta wasu asusun, 'yan Social Democrats na Rasha da ke zaune a Switzerland. Davidoff ya yi karatu a Collège Calvin a Geneva, makarantar sakandare da John Calvin ya kafa a 1559 kuma ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffi a Turai. Ya kasance yana son harsuna, bil'adama da kiɗa - yana so ya yi karatun violin - maimakon kimiyya, kuma ya bar makaranta yana da shekaru ashirin ba tare da ci gaba da zuwa jami'a ba. == Koyon aiki a Amurka == A cikin 1924 Davidoff ya yi tafiya zuwa Kudancin da Amurka ta Tsakiya don koyon kasuwancin taba a asalinsa. Ba tare da wata ƙasa ba kuma yana tafiya a kan Fasfo na Nansen-style League of Nations, an ruwaito cewa an sace takardunsa jim kadan bayan ya isa Argentina; jami'an yankin, sun yi kuskuren takardar shaidar diflomasiyya, sun ba shi sabbin takardun shaida, suna ba shi 'yan asalin Argentina.Daga baya zai sami 'yancin zama ɗan ƙasar Switzerland. Kimanin shekaru biyar, tun daga 1925, Davidoff ya yi aiki a gonakin taba da masana'antun sigari a Argentina, Brazil da Cuba, yana nazarin noma, fermentation, cakudawa da kuma juyawa. Tsawon zamansa a Cuba ya kasance mai mahimmanci; daga baya ya bayyana gamuwa da Taba sigari na Cuba a matsayin "bincike, abin mamaki".Ya koma Geneva a kusa da 1930. == Davidoff na Geneva == === Gina shagon === Bayan ya dawo Switzerland, Davidoff ya shiga shagon mahaifinsa a kan Rue de la Confédération kuma ya ci gaba da karɓar sayen, tallace-tallace da jagorancin kasuwancin. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1931 ya auri Marthe (wanda aka ba shi da Martha) Meyer, 'yar dangin 'yan kasuwa na Basel; sadakarta ta ba shi damar siyan shagon kai tsaye daga mahaifinsa, wanda ya ki ba da rancen kasuwancin don ɗansa ya iya aro akan shi. Ma'auratan suna da 'yar, Sonia, an haife ta a shekara ta 1933. Sanin cewa taba na Cuban da ya sayar ya girma kuma ya tsufa a cikin yanayin da ba shi da daidaituwa a cikin sanyi, busassun nahiyar Turai, Davidoff ya canza ginshiki na shagon zuwa ɗakin da ke sarrafa yanayi wanda aka tsara don sake haifar da danshi da zafin jiki na [[Karibiyan|Caribbean]]. Ana ba da ɗakin gabaɗaya a matsayin ɗakunan sigari na farko na kasuwanci a Turai da kuma kakannin ra'ayi na ɗakunan tebur na zamani, wanda Davidoff aka ɗauka a matsayin mai kirkiro. === Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu === Farkawar Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ya zama canji ga kasuwancin.A cikin 1939, tare da sojojin Jamus suna kusantar Faransa, Seita, mallakar taba na jihar Faransa, ya ba Davidoff barazanar ajiyar kusan sigari na Havana miliyan biyu sannan aka adana su a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Faransa.Tare da kudaden banki ya sayi dukkan kayan aiki kuma ya tura shi cikin nutsuwa a cikin ɗakunan ajiyarsa na Geneva. Tare da cinikin trans-Atlantic da aka rushe daga baya, Davidoff ya zama, na ɗan lokaci, yadda ya kamata dillali ɗaya a Turai wanda zai iya samar da sigari na Havana mai inganci; shagonsa ya yi wa abokan ciniki hidima a bangarorin biyu na rikici kuma sunansa a matsayin tushen amintaccen taba mai kyau ya bazu a duniya. Daga wannan lokacin ya fito ne daga lakabin jarida akai-akai, "Mister Cigar". === Jerin Château da haɓakar bayan yaƙi === A shekara ta 1946 Davidoff ya gabatar da abin da zai zama sanannen kirkirar kasuwanci: jerin sigari da ake kira ba don masana'antun gargajiya na Cuban ba amma don manyan wuraren Bordeaux Premier Cru.Layin, wanda Hoyo de Monterrey ya ƙera masa a Havana kuma an kunshe shi a cikin akwatunan katako marasa ado, ya ƙunshi Château Haut-Brion, Château Lafite, Châteateau Margaux, Chââteau Latour da Château Yquem (wanda Château Mouton-Rothschild ya haɗu da shi daga baya). An sayar da shi ta hanyar cibiyar sadarwa ta Davidoff na abokan ciniki na Turai, sigari na Château sun haɗa sigari da harshen ruwan inabi mai kyau kuma sun kawo shagon Davidoff ga hankalin sabon abokan ciniki na duniya. A cikin shekarun 1950 da 1960 shagon ya zama alama ce ta Geneva wanda kwastomomin su sun hada da Marshal Tito, violinist Isaac Stern, pianist Artur Rubinstein, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Orson Welles, Baron Edmond de Rothschild da [[Gina Lollobrigida]] . Labarin da ya fi shahara a cikin tarihin shagon ya shafi [[Farouk of Egypt|Sarki Farouk na Masar]], wanda, bayan tattaunawa mai tsawo da kuma binciken bashi da aka gudanar a [[Rum|Roma]], ya ba da umarni game da 40,000 Hoyo de Monterrey sau biyu da ke ɗauke da ƙungiyar al'ada. Duk da sha'awar da yake yi wa [[Winston Churchill]], Davidoff bai taɓa ƙidaya ɗan ƙasar Burtaniya a cikin abokan cinikinsa ba. === Cubatabaco da alamar Davidoff === A cikin 1967 Cubatabaco, ikon mallakar jihar da ya mallaki masana'antar sigari ta Cuba bayan Juyin Juya Halin Cuba, ya kusanci Davidoff tare da wani tsari da ba a taɓa gani ba: don mirgine alamar gidan kansa da ke ɗauke da sunansa a sabon masana'antar El Laguito da aka gina a Havana, wanda aka kafa a shekarar da ta gabata don samar da sigari na Cohíba mai zaman kansa na Castro. An saki siffofi uku na farko - Davidoff No. 1, Davidoff No.2 da Ambassadrice, daidai da tsarin El Laguito No. 1, No. 2 da No. 3 - a cikin 1968-1969, wanda za'a iya gane shi ta hanyar farar fata mai ban sha'awa tare da rubutun zinariya. Davidoff No. 1 an dauke shi a matsayin Lancero na farko da aka sayar da shi. Ƙarin jerin sun biyo baya a cikin shekarun 1970s, gami da Mille (1976) da ''Dom Pérignon'' (1977). Ko da yake sunan Davidoff an san shi da alamar ''Dubban'' kuma kodayake ya tattauna da kansa tare da hukumomin Cuban, ta hanyar shigar da kansa bai taɓa saduwa da Castro ba.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}} A shekara ta 1970, a lokacin da yake aiki, Davidoff ya sayar da kasuwancin ga kamfanin Oettinger AG na Basel, mallakar babban abokinsa Dokta Ernst Schneider; shagon Geneva da alamar kasuwanci ta Davidoff sun wuce ga Oettinger, yayin da Davidoff da kansa ya kasance jakadan jama'a na alamar har tsawon rayuwarsa. A wannan lokacin ne kamfanin ya fadada zuwa taba mai bututu (1972), sigari da kayan haɗi. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}} === Kungiyar Zino Davidoff === A cikin 1980 ayyukan da ba na taba sigari ba an raba su cikin kamfani daban, Zino Davidoff Group, wanda ya fara lasisin sunan Davidoff don kayan alatu.Davidoff cognac ya biyo baya a cikin 1986; Davidoff ido a cikin 1988; an ƙaddamar da turare na farko na Davidoff a cikin 1984, da ƙanshin maza Cool Water, wanda mai turare Pierre Bourdon ya kirkira, a cikin 1988.Masu binciken kiwon lafiya na jama'a sun yi jayayya cewa wannan bambancin - wani lokacin ana bayyana shi a matsayin "tsinkaye mai laushi" - kuma ya yi aiki don kiyaye sunan Davidoff a cikin tashoshin talla da aka rufe ga samfuran taba a yankuna da yawa. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}} === Kashewa da Cuba === A ƙarshen shekarun 1980 Davidoff ya ƙara rashin gamsuwa da daidaito na samfurin Cuban, yana mai ambaton matsaloli tare da zanawa, ƙonewa da gini. A shekara ta 1987 ya soki sana'ar Cuban a fili a gidan talabijin na Faransa. Rashin jituwa ya karu har sai, a watan Agustan 1989, Davidoff - tare da wakilan Cubatabaco da jami'an kwastam na Switzerland - sun ƙone kusan sigari 130,000 na Cuban da ya yanke hukunci ba su dace da sayarwa ba. {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}}Fim ɗin, wani lokacin ana kiransa "Davidoff bonfire", ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan alama mafi tsada na kula da inganci a tarihin kasuwancin alatu. An yi watsi da Cuba a cikin 1990-1991.An canja wurin samarwa zuwa [[Jamhuriyar Dominika|Jamhuriyar Dominica]] tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da mai gabatarwa Tabadom, mallakar babban mai haɗawa na Dominican-Swiss Hendrik Kelner; an saki sigari na farko na Davidoff da aka yi a Dominican a cikin 1991, kuma an sake sunan layin Château Grand Cru . == Rubuce-rubuce == Davidoff ya kasance marubuci mai yawa game da sigari da fasaha na rayuwa.Ayyukansa mafi sananne, Le livre du connaisseur de cigare - wanda aka rubuta tare da haɗin gwiwar ɗan jarida Gilles Lambert kuma aka buga shi a 1967 - ya bayyana a Turanci a wannan shekarar kamar The Connoisseur's Book of the Cigar (McGraw-Hill, shafi na 92). Haɗuwa da jagora mai amfani, labari da kuma adanawa da aka shirya a kan tarihin taba, noman ganye a cikin Vuelta Abajo, da kuma ladabi na zaɓar, haskakawa, shan sigari da adana sigari, an fassara littafin zuwa harsuna sama da goma sha biyu kuma an sayar da fiye da 200,000. Daga cikin umarnin da aka fi tunawa da shi shine ka'idar Davidoff: {{Cquote|Smoke less, but better and longer&nbsp;— make a cult of it, even a philosophy.<ref name="Legend100"/><ref name="ClassicDriver"/>}} Wani rubutu na daban game da halin sigari, kuma daga 1967, ya tsara abubuwan da suka faru da kuma don'ts waɗanda suka bazu a ƙarƙashin sunansa a cikin jaridar sigari tun daga lokacin. == Rayuwa da halayenta == Davidoff da matarsa Marthe sun kasance, ta hanyar dukkan asusun, ba za a iya raba su ba har tsawon shekaru sittin; ta yi aiki tare da shi a shagon kuma an ce ta bar shi sau ɗaya kawai a lokacin rayuwarsu ta aiki, don haihuwar 'yarsu. 'Yarsu Sonia ta kamu da rashin lafiyan taba a yarinya kuma ba ta shiga kasuwancin iyali ba. Davidoff ya kasance mai yare da yawa - Rasha, Faransanci da Mutanen Espanya kuma yana da 'yan asalin Argentina da Switzerland da aka samu a lokacin tafiye-tafiyensa na farko. In person he was a small, dapper, white-haired figure invariably photographed with a Davidoff White Label between his fingers. He cultivated, and embodied, the persona of the cosmopolitan European bon vivant; the slogan he chose for his brand — "When you know" — reflected the discreet snobbery on which his commercial appeal rested. Late in life he is said to have remarked that he had spent his career "trading in dreams and illusions".{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}} == Mutuwa da gado == Davidoff ya mutu a [[Geneva]] a ranar 14 ga Janairun 1994 yana da shekaru 87. An binne shi a Kabarin Yahudawa na Veyrier, a kan iyakar Franco-Swiss. Obituaries a cikin The Independent, da Associated Press da The Jewish Chronicle, da sauransu, sun bayyana shi a matsayin mutum daya da aka fi sani a cikin kasuwancin sigari na Turai bayan yakin. Sunansa ya ci gaba a matsayin babban alama na Oettinger Davidoff AG na Basel, wanda a yau ke aiki da Davidoff na Geneva a cikin birane a duniya kuma yana samar da sigari a [[Jamhuriyar Dominika|Jamhuriyar Dominica]] da [[Honduras]].An sayar da kasuwancin sigari na Davidoff ga Imperial Tobacco (yanzu Imperial Brands) a cikin shekara ta 2006. Jaridar sigari ta Jamus Dieter H. Wirtz ta wallafa tarihin rayuwa don yin bikin cika shekaru dari na haihuwar Davidoff a shekara ta 2006; a wannan shekarar, Oettinger Davidoff ta ba da sigari na tunawa da ''Zino Davidoff Centenary'' . {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}}&nbsp; Baya ga alamar da ke ɗauke da sunansa, ana ba da gudummawa ga Davidoff tare da gudummawar da aka ba da guddina guda uku ga masana'antar sigari ta zamani: shahararren ɗakunan tebur da ajiyar sayar da kayayyaki masu sarrafa yanayi; amfani da sunan ruwan inabi mai kyau da marufi don sanya sigari a matsayin kayan alatu maimakon kaya; da kuma tsarawa - ta hanyar littafinsa da shagonsa - na tsarin mabukaci don shan sigari. == Ayyukan da aka zaɓa == * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]''Littafin masanin sigari''.Paris: Robert Laffont. * [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]Littafin Connoisseur na Sigari .Lawrence Grow ne ya fassara shi.New York: McGraw-Hill. .{{ISBN|0-07-015460-0}} * [Hasiya]Zino Davidoff: A Life of Cigars (Ingilishi ed.).Basel: Oettinger Davidoff. == Dubi kuma == * Davidoff * Kungiyar Zino Davidoff * Cohíba * Tarihin Yahudawa a Switzerland * Sigari == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1994]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1906]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4x5p1xafpttajo5zxhu5kaxcjrt9zl8 2 180493 974804 2026-11-01T14:33:33Z Doc James 4321 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1505696|Abdominal_migraine]] to:ha #mdwikicx 974804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Abdominal migraine |synonym = |image =Abdominalmigraine Millaandriana.svg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption = |pronounce = |specialty =[[Pediatrics]] |symptoms =Episodes of [[abdominal pain]], nausea, vomiting<ref name=Che2023/> |onset =Childhood<ref name=BMJ2018/> |duration =2 hrs - 3 days<ref name=Che2023/> |causes =Unclear, believed to be similar to migraines<ref name=Che2023/> |risks =Family history of [[migraines]]<ref name=BMJ2018/> |diagnosis =Based on symptoms after ruling out other possible causes<ref name=Che2023/> |differential =[[Irritable bowel syndrome]], [[cyclic vomiting syndrome]], [[rumination syndrome]], [[functional constipation]], [[celiac disease]], [[peptic ulcer disease]], [[inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Gastroesophageal reflux disease|GERD]]<ref name=Che2023/> |prevention =Avoiding triggers<ref name=Che2023/> |treatment =Pain medications, rest<ref name=Che2023/> |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =1% to 9% (kids)<ref name=Che2023/> |deaths = }} '''Ciwon kai na ciki''' ( '''AM''' ) wata cuta ce mai sake dawowa wadda yawanci take farawa tun yana yaro.<ref name="BMJ2018">{{Cite journal|last=Angus-Leppan|first=Heather|last2=Saatci|first2=Defne|last3=Sutcliffe|first3=Alastair|last4=Guiloff|first4=Roberto J|title=Abdominal migraine|journal=BMJ|date=February 19, 2018|volume=360|issn=0959-8138|doi=10.1136/bmj.k179|page=k179|doi-access=free|pmid=29459383}}</ref> Alamomin gabaɗaya sun haɗa da [[ciwon ciki]] na tsakiya tare da tashin zuciya ko [[amai]].<ref name="Che2023">{{Cite journal|last=Cheema|first=S|last2=Matharu|first2=M|title=Abdominal migraine and cyclical vomiting syndrome.|journal=Handbook of clinical neurology|date=2023|volume=198|pages=209-219|doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-823356-6.00006-8|pmid=38043963}}</ref> Waɗannan suna ɗaukar lokaci daga sa'o'i zuwa kwanaki.<ref name="Che2023" /> Sau da yawa [[Migraine|ciwon kai (migraine)]] yana faruwa ne idan mutum ya tsufa.<ref name="Che2023" /> Tsakanin cututtukan da suka faru, mutane galibi suna lafiya kuma suna ci gaba da girma yadda ya kamata.<ref name="BMJ2018" /> Sau da yawa akwai tarihin iyali na ciwon kai.<ref name="BMJ2018" /> Gajiya ko damuwa na iya haifar da aukuwar abubuwa.<ref name="Che2023" /> Ana kyautata zaton cewa tsarin da ke ƙarƙashinsa yayi kama da na migraine, tare da abubuwan da suka shafi kwayoyin halitta da dama.<ref name="Che2023" /> Ganewar cutar ta dogara ne akan alamun cutar bayan cire wasu dalilai da ka iya haifar da ita.<ref name="Che2023" /> Wani nau'in [[Rashin aiki|rashin aikin yi]] ne.<ref name="BMJ2018" /> Ana iya inganta yanayin da aka samu ta hanyar amfani da magungunan rage radadi, kamar ibuprofen ko [[paracetamol]] (acetaminophen), sannan a huta.<ref name="Che2023" /> Ana iya amfani da magunguna don tashin zuciya.<ref name="Che2023" /> Magungunan migraine kamar sumatriptan ko dihydroergotamine wasu hanyoyi ne na kai hari.<ref name="Che2023" /> Rigakafi na iya haɗawa da guje wa abubuwan da ke haifar da matsala da magunguna kamar su pizotifen, masu toshe hanyoyin calcium, masu hana tashin zuciya, ko masu toshe beta.<ref name="Che2023" /> Kimanin kashi 60% na yara suna da matsalar rashin lafiya a lokacin girma.<ref name="Che2023" /> Ciwon kai na ciki yana shafar kusan kashi 1% zuwa 9% na yara.<ref name="Che2023" /> Yawanci yana farawa ne a kusa da shekaru 7, inda mata suka fi kamuwa da cutar.<ref name="Che2023" /> Buchanan ne ya fara bayyana wannan yanayin a shekarar 1921. == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} prm8ob357pt8cw0jvlwooio166080km 0 180494 974817 2026-11-01T15:48:28Z Ummu Ilham 45024 Sabon shafi: '''Hukumar Kula da Basussuka ta Jihar Gombe''' (Gombe State Debt Management Agency}}) hukuma ce ta gwamnatin Jihar Gombe da ke da alhakin kula da basussukan gwamnatin jihar. Hukumar tana aiki ne a ƙarƙashin Ma'aikatar Kuɗi da Ci gaban Tattalin Arziƙi ta jihar, inda take da alhakin tattarawa, adanawa da sarrafa bayanan basussuka, da kuma tabbatar da cewa ana gudanar da su bisa ƙa'idojin kula da kuɗaɗen gwamnati.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Debt Management Office |ur... 974817 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hukumar Kula da Basussuka ta Jihar Gombe''' (Gombe State Debt Management Agency}}) hukuma ce ta gwamnatin Jihar Gombe da ke da alhakin kula da basussukan gwamnatin jihar. Hukumar tana aiki ne a ƙarƙashin Ma'aikatar Kuɗi da Ci gaban Tattalin Arziƙi ta jihar, inda take da alhakin tattarawa, adanawa da sarrafa bayanan basussuka, da kuma tabbatar da cewa ana gudanar da su bisa ƙa'idojin kula da kuɗaɗen gwamnati.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Debt Management Office |url=https://www.mof.gm.gov.ng/dmo/ |publisher=Gombe State Ministry of Finance and Economic Development |access-date=1 November 2026}}</ref> {{Infobox organization | name = Gombe State Debt Management Agency | native_name = Hukumar Kula da Basussuka ta Jihar Gombe | abbreviation = GS-DMA | type = Government agency | headquarters = Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria | parent_department = Gombe State Ministry of Finance and Economic Development | jurisdiction = Gombe State | leader_title = Director-General | leader_name = Alhaji Kabiru Tsoho | formation = 2021 | website = {{URL|https://www.mof.gm.gov.ng/dmo/}} }} == Tarihi da kafuwa == An kafa Hukumar Kula da Basussuka ta Jihar Gombe ne bisa dokar ''Gombe State Debt Management Agency Law 2021'', wadda Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Gombe ta amince da ita. An samar da hukumar ne domin samun wata cibiya mai zaman kanta ta gudanar da ayyukan kula da basussukan jihar cikin tsari, tare da inganta ƙwarewa da bin ƙa'idojin kasa da kasa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Domestic Debt Report (SDDR) 2022 |url=https://mof.gm.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/GOMBE-STATE-SDDR-2022.pdf |publisher=Gombe State Government |date=December 2022}}</ref> Hukumar tana aiki tare da Ma'aikatar Kuɗi da Ci gaban Tattalin Arziƙi da sauran hukumomin gwamnati masu alaƙa da harkokin kuɗi. Babban burinta shi ne samar da ingantaccen tsarin kula da basussukan jihar, domin tabbatar da dorewar tattalin arziƙi da kuma rage matsalolin da yawan basussuka kan iya haifarwa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Debt Management Office |url=https://www.mof.gm.gov.ng/dmo/ |publisher=Gombe State Ministry of Finance and Economic Development}}</ref> == Ayyuka da nauyin da ke kanta == Daga cikin manyan ayyukan hukumar akwai tattarawa da adana sahihan bayanan dukkan basussukan da gwamnatin jihar ko hukumominta suka karɓa ko suka lamunce. Haka kuma tana shirya hasashen kuɗaɗen da za a buƙaci wajen biyan bashin gwamnati a kowace shekara ta kasafin kuɗi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Debt Management Office |url=https://www.mof.gm.gov.ng/dmo/ |publisher=Gombe State Ministry of Finance and Economic Development}}</ref> Hukumar tana kula da basussukan cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje, tare da yin aiki da Ofishin Kula da Basussuka na Tarayyar Najeriya (Debt Management Office). Haka kuma tana haɗa bayanan basussukan cikin gida da Ofishin Akanta Janar na jihar domin tabbatar da daidaito da sahihancin bayanan kuɗaɗen gwamnati.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Debt Management Office |url=https://www.mof.gm.gov.ng/dmo/ |publisher=Gombe State Ministry of Finance and Economic Development}}</ref> Sauran ayyukanta sun haɗa da ba gwamnatin jihar shawara kan sake tsara basussuka, sake karɓar rance, sharuddan karɓar sabbin basussuka, da kuma tantance haɗarin da ke tattare da basussukan da ake da su ko waɗanda ake shirin karɓa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Debt Management Office |url=https://www.mof.gm.gov.ng/dmo/ |publisher=Gombe State Ministry of Finance and Economic Development}}</ref> Hukumar tana kuma sa ido kan ayyukan da aka gudanar da kuɗin rance, domin tabbatar da cewa ana amfani da kuɗaɗen bisa manufar da aka karɓe su. Tana ziyartar wuraren ayyukan, duba yadda ake gudanar da su, sannan ta shirya rahotanni kan ci gaban ayyukan da kuma yadda ake amfani da kuɗaɗen.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Debt Management Office |url=https://www.mof.gm.gov.ng/dmo/ |publisher=Gombe State Ministry of Finance and Economic Development}}</ref> == Tsarin gudanarwa == Hukumar tana da tsarin gudanarwa wanda ya ƙunshi sassa uku masu muhimmanci: sashen kula da tsarin bashin gwamnati, sashen tsara manufofi da nazarin haɗarin basussuka, da kuma sashen adana bayanai da biyan basussuka. Waɗannan sassa suna aiki tare domin tabbatar da ingantaccen tsarin kula da basussukan jihar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Debt Management Office |url=https://www.mof.gm.gov.ng/dmo/ |publisher=Gombe State Ministry of Finance and Economic Development}}</ref> Sashen farko yana kula da tattaunawar karɓar rance, bayar da takardun lamuni da kula da kadarorin kuɗi. Sashen na biyu yana nazarin haɗarin basussuka, tsara manufofi da sa ido kan ayyukan da aka gudanar da kuɗin rance. Sashen na uku kuma yana adana bayanan bashin cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje, tare da bibiyar kuɗaɗen da aka biya da waɗanda ake bin gwamnati.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Debt Management Office |url=https://www.mof.gm.gov.ng/dmo/ |publisher=Gombe State Ministry of Finance and Economic Development}}</ref> == Basussukan Jihar Gombe == Rahoton basussukan cikin gida na Jihar Gombe na shekarar 2022 ya nuna cewa jimillar basussukan cikin gida na jihar ya kai naira biliyan 139.32 a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 2022. Basussukan sun haɗa da bashin tallafin kasafin kuɗi, bashin tallafin albashi, lamunin asusun man fetur, takardun lamunin gwamnati, bashin ayyukan 'yan kwangila da kuma bashin fansho da alawus-alawus.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Domestic Debt Report (SDDR) 2022 |url=https://mof.gm.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/GOMBE-STATE-SDDR-2022.pdf |publisher=Gombe State Government |date=December 2022}}</ref> A cikin wannan rahoton, an nuna cewa bashin takardun lamunin gwamnati ya kai kusan naira biliyan 29.65, yayin da bashin 'yan kwangila ya kai naira biliyan 17.45. Haka kuma bashin fansho da alawus-alawus ya kai naira biliyan 11.37. Waɗannan alkaluma sun nuna nau'o'in basussukan da hukumar ke da alhakin sa ido a kansu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Domestic Debt Report (SDDR) 2022 |url=https://mof.gm.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/GOMBE-STATE-SDDR-2022.pdf |publisher=Gombe State Government |date=December 2022}}</ref> == Manufofin rage basussuka == Gwamnatin Jihar Gombe ta tsara wasu manufofi domin rage taruwar basussuka da kuma tabbatar da cewa ana biyan basussukan da suka kai lokacin biya. Daga cikin matakan da rahoton shekarar 2022 ya bayyana akwai inganta tsarin asusun baitul mali guda ɗaya (Treasury Single Account), inganta tsarin sarrafa kuɗaɗen shiga da fita, da kuma amfani da tsarin bayanan gudanar da kuɗaɗen gwamnati mai inganci.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Domestic Debt Report (SDDR) 2022 |url=https://mof.gm.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/GOMBE-STATE-SDDR-2022.pdf |publisher=Gombe State Government |date=December 2022}}</ref> Haka kuma rahoton ya jaddada muhimmancin samar da ingantaccen kasafin kuɗi, ƙarfafa dokoki da ƙa'idojin kula da kuɗaɗen gwamnati, da kuma gudanar da tarukan kwamitin kula da kuɗaɗen gwamnati domin taimakawa wajen yanke shawarar yadda za a rarraba kuɗaɗen jihar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe State Domestic Debt Report (SDDR) 2022 |url=https://mof.gm.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/GOMBE-STATE-SDDR-2022.pdf |publisher=Gombe State Government |date=December 2022}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} hdn13x4z2ukgj43tmvrl3aa2bx2l7c3 0 180495 974834 2026-11-01T15:56:45Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372430064|Habil Khorakiwala]]" 974834 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Habil Khorakiwala''' shine wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban kamfanin [[Magani|hada magunguna]] da [[Biotechnology|fasahar kere-kere]] ta Indiya Wockhardt . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Habil Khorakiwala And The Power Of Calm |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/india-rich-list-2015/habil-khorakiwala-and-the-power-of-calm/41385/1 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref> Ya kafa Wockhardt a shekarar 1967, <ref name="Forbes">{{Cite web |last= |title=Profile: Habil Khorakiwala |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/habil-khorakiwala/?sh=359c84c727c3 |publisher=Forbes}}</ref> wanda tun daga lokacin ya girma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana'antun magunguna na Indiya, magunguna, magungunan biopharmaceuticals, kayayyakin abinci mai gina jiki, alluran rigakafi, sinadaran magunguna masu aiki (APIs) da kuma jerin asibitoci na Super Speciality. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wockhardt – Who we are |url=http://www.wockhardt.com/who-we-are/overview.aspx}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Habil Khorakiwala a cikin dangin Dawoodi Bohra na Bombay (yanzu [[Mumbai]] ) a shekarar 1942. Mahaifinsa Fakhruddin T. Khorakiwala shi ne wanda ya kafa shagon farko na 'Akbarallys' a Indiya, sannan kuma tsohon Sheriff na Mumbai . Yana da 'ya'ya uku waɗanda ke kula da sassa daban-daban na Wockhardt. Ya kammala karatunsa a fannin harhada magunguna daga Kwalejin LM da ke [[Ahmedabad]] sannan ya yi digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar harhada magunguna daga Jami'ar Purdue, da kuma wani Shirin Gudanarwa na Ci gaba a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard, Amurka. <ref name="Chairman's Profile">{{Cite web |last= |title=Chairmans profile |url=http://www.wockhardt.com/Files/Dr-Habil-Khorakiwala-Profile.pdf |publisher=Wockhardt}}</ref> == Sana'a == Habil Khorakiwala ya kafa kamfanin Wockhardt Limited a shekarar 1967 bayan ya karɓi ragamar kamfanin Worli Chemical Works na mahaifinsa. <ref name="Forbes" /> <ref name="NDTV">{{cite news |last= |first= |date=16 August 2012 |title=How Wockhardt transformed from a defaulter to market favourite |url=https://www.ndtv.com/business/how-wockhardt-transformed-from-a-defaulter-to-market-favourite-309402 |access-date=11 October 2022 |newspaper=NDTV}}</ref> Ya fara ne a matsayin ƙaramin kamfani mai ma'aikata 20 kacal, yana yin magunguna ba tare da takardar sayan magani ba . Tun daga lokacin, Wockhardt Limited ta girma zuwa kamfanin hada magunguna da fasahar kere-kere na duniya da ke da cibiyoyin kera kayayyaki a duk duniya da kuma ma'aikata sama da 7,000. <ref name="Purdue University">{{Cite web |last= |title=2010 Honorary Degree |url=https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/general/2010/10HonDocs/HabilKhorakiwala.html |publisher=Purdue University}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2014, an naɗa shi a matsayin Chancellor na Jami'ar Jamia Hamdard . Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'in ba da shawara na [[Sweden]] a Mumbai. == Girmamawa da kyaututtuka == * A shekarar 2010, Jami'ar Purdue ta ba shi digirin girmamawa na Dakta a fannin harhada magunguna. <ref name="Purdue University" /> * Kyautar Matashin Ɗan Kasuwa na Shekara a fannin kula da lafiya da kimiyyar rayuwa <ref name="Purdue University" /> * Kyautar Kwarewa a Matsayin Babban Shugaba daga Cibiyar Talla da Gudanarwa, New Delhi <ref name="Purdue University" /> * Kyautar Shiromani Vikas saboda "gudummawa masu ban mamaki da kuma kwarin gwiwa ga ci gaban ƙasa" <ref name="Purdue University" /> == Littattafan tarihi == * Odyssey na Jarumtaka == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] sza75ns431bdtshd9ss80qhaokfddol 974837 974834 2026-11-01T15:57:16Z Nnamadee 31123 974837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Habil Khorakiwala''' shine wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban kamfanin [[Magani|hada magunguna]] da [[Biotechnology|fasahar kere-kere]] ta Indiya Wockhardt . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Habil Khorakiwala And The Power Of Calm |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/india-rich-list-2015/habil-khorakiwala-and-the-power-of-calm/41385/1 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref> Ya kafa Wockhardt a shekarar 1967, <ref name="Forbes">{{Cite web |last= |title=Profile: Habil Khorakiwala |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/habil-khorakiwala/?sh=359c84c727c3 |publisher=Forbes}}</ref> wanda tun daga lokacin ya girma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana'antun magunguna na Indiya, magunguna, magungunan biopharmaceuticals, kayayyakin abinci mai gina jiki, alluran rigakafi, sinadaran magunguna masu aiki (APIs) da kuma jerin asibitoci na Super Speciality. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wockhardt – Who we are |url=http://www.wockhardt.com/who-we-are/overview.aspx}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Habil Khorakiwala a cikin dangin Dawoodi Bohra na Bombay (yanzu [[Mumbai]] ) a shekarar 1942. Mahaifinsa Fakhruddin T. Khorakiwala shi ne wanda ya kafa shagon farko na 'Akbarallys' a Indiya, sannan kuma tsohon Sheriff na Mumbai . Yana da 'ya'ya uku waɗanda ke kula da sassa daban-daban na Wockhardt. Ya kammala karatunsa a fannin harhada magunguna daga Kwalejin LM da ke [[Ahmedabad]] sannan ya yi digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar harhada magunguna daga Jami'ar Purdue, da kuma wani Shirin Gudanarwa na Ci gaba a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard, Amurka. <ref name="Chairman's Profile">{{Cite web |last= |title=Chairmans profile |url=http://www.wockhardt.com/Files/Dr-Habil-Khorakiwala-Profile.pdf |publisher=Wockhardt}}</ref> == Sana'a == Habil Khorakiwala ya kafa kamfanin Wockhardt Limited a shekarar 1967 bayan ya karɓi ragamar kamfanin Worli Chemical Works na mahaifinsa. <ref name="Forbes" /> <ref name="NDTV">{{cite news |last= |first= |date=16 August 2012 |title=How Wockhardt transformed from a defaulter to market favourite |url=https://www.ndtv.com/business/how-wockhardt-transformed-from-a-defaulter-to-market-favourite-309402 |access-date=11 October 2022 |newspaper=NDTV}}</ref> Ya fara ne a matsayin ƙaramin kamfani mai ma'aikata 20 kacal, yana yin magunguna ba tare da takardar sayan magani ba . Tun daga lokacin, Wockhardt Limited ta girma zuwa kamfanin hada magunguna da fasahar kere-kere na duniya da ke da cibiyoyin kera kayayyaki a duk duniya da kuma ma'aikata sama da 7,000. <ref name="Purdue University">{{Cite web |last= |title=2010 Honorary Degree |url=https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/general/2010/10HonDocs/HabilKhorakiwala.html |publisher=Purdue University}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2014, an naɗa shi a matsayin Chancellor na Jami'ar Jamia Hamdard . Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'in ba da shawara na [[Sweden]] a Mumbai. == Girmamawa da kyaututtuka == * A shekarar 2010, Jami'ar Purdue ta ba shi digirin girmamawa na Dakta a fannin harhada magunguna. <ref name="Purdue University" /> * Kyautar Matashin Ɗan Kasuwa na Shekara a fannin kula da lafiya da kimiyyar rayuwa <ref name="Purdue University" /> * Kyautar Kwarewa a Matsayin Babban Shugaba daga Cibiyar Talla da Gudanarwa, New Delhi <ref name="Purdue University" /> * Kyautar Shiromani Vikas saboda "gudummawa masu ban mamaki da kuma kwarin gwiwa ga ci gaban ƙasa" <ref name="Purdue University" /> == Littattafan tarihi == * Odyssey na Jarumtaka == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] kjtv3otzrhfch6zgu1vo3fzly35dwvl 974839 974837 2026-11-01T15:57:53Z Nnamadee 31123 974839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Habil Khorakiwala''' shine wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban kamfanin [[Magani|hada magunguna]] da [[Biotechnology|fasahar kere-kere]] ta Indiya Wockhardt . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Habil Khorakiwala And The Power Of Calm |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/india-rich-list-2015/habil-khorakiwala-and-the-power-of-calm/41385/1 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref> Ya kafa Wockhardt a shekarar 1967, <ref name="Forbes">{{Cite web |last= |title=Profile: Habil Khorakiwala |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/habil-khorakiwala/?sh=359c84c727c3 |publisher=Forbes}}</ref> wanda tun daga lokacin ya girma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana'antun magunguna na Indiya, magunguna, magungunan biopharmaceuticals, kayayyakin abinci mai gina jiki, alluran rigakafi, sinadaran magunguna masu aiki (APIs) da kuma jerin asibitoci na Super Speciality. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wockhardt – Who we are |url=http://www.wockhardt.com/who-we-are/overview.aspx}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Habil Khorakiwala a cikin dangin Dawoodi Bohra na Bombay (yanzu [[Mumbai]] ) a shekarar 1942. Mahaifinsa Fakhruddin T. Khorakiwala shi ne wanda ya kafa shagon farko na 'Akbarallys' a Indiya, sannan kuma tsohon Sheriff na Mumbai . Yana da 'ya'ya uku waɗanda ke kula da sassa daban-daban na Wockhardt. Ya kammala karatunsa a fannin harhada magunguna daga Kwalejin LM da ke [[Ahmedabad]] sannan ya yi digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar harhada magunguna daga Jami'ar Purdue, da kuma wani Shirin Gudanarwa na Ci gaba a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard, Amurka.<ref name="Chairman's Profile">{{Cite web |last= |title=Chairmans profile |url=http://www.wockhardt.com/Files/Dr-Habil-Khorakiwala-Profile.pdf |publisher=Wockhardt}}</ref> == Sana'a == Habil Khorakiwala ya kafa kamfanin Wockhardt Limited a shekarar 1967 bayan ya karɓi ragamar kamfanin Worli Chemical Works na mahaifinsa.<ref name="Forbes" /><ref name="NDTV">{{cite news |last= |first= |date=16 August 2012 |title=How Wockhardt transformed from a defaulter to market favourite |url=https://www.ndtv.com/business/how-wockhardt-transformed-from-a-defaulter-to-market-favourite-309402 |access-date=11 October 2022 |newspaper=NDTV}}</ref> Ya fara ne a matsayin ƙaramin kamfani mai ma'aikata 20 kacal, yana yin magunguna ba tare da takardar sayan magani ba. Tun daga lokacin, Wockhardt Limited ta girma zuwa kamfanin hada magunguna da fasahar kere-kere na duniya da ke da cibiyoyin kera kayayyaki a duk duniya da kuma ma'aikata sama da 7,000.<ref name="Purdue University">{{Cite web |last= |title=2010 Honorary Degree |url=https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/general/2010/10HonDocs/HabilKhorakiwala.html |publisher=Purdue University}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2014, an naɗa shi a matsayin Chancellor na Jami'ar Jamia Hamdard . Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'in ba da shawara na [[Sweden]] a Mumbai. == Girmamawa da kyaututtuka == * A shekarar 2010, Jami'ar Purdue ta ba shi digirin girmamawa na Dakta a fannin harhada magunguna. <ref name="Purdue University" /> * Kyautar Matashin Ɗan Kasuwa na Shekara a fannin kula da lafiya da kimiyyar rayuwa <ref name="Purdue University" /> * Kyautar Kwarewa a Matsayin Babban Shugaba daga Cibiyar Talla da Gudanarwa, New Delhi <ref name="Purdue University" /> * Kyautar Shiromani Vikas saboda "gudummawa masu ban mamaki da kuma kwarin gwiwa ga ci gaban ƙasa" <ref name="Purdue University" /> == Littattafan tarihi == * Odyssey na Jarumtaka == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] l2orm0i6z4e8x6flvsk9mzfpbeezjq8 974842 974839 2026-11-01T15:58:35Z Nnamadee 31123 974842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Habil Khorakiwala''' shine wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban kamfanin [[Magani|hada magunguna]] da [[Biotechnology|fasahar kere-kere]] ta Indiya Wockhardt.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Habil Khorakiwala And The Power Of Calm |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/india-rich-list-2015/habil-khorakiwala-and-the-power-of-calm/41385/1 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref> Ya kafa Wockhardt a shekarar 1967,<ref name="Forbes">{{Cite web |last= |title=Profile: Habil Khorakiwala |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/habil-khorakiwala/?sh=359c84c727c3 |publisher=Forbes}}</ref> wanda tun daga lokacin ya girma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana'antun magunguna na Indiya, magunguna, magungunan biopharmaceuticals, kayayyakin abinci mai gina jiki, alluran rigakafi, sinadaran magunguna masu aiki (APIs) da kuma jerin asibitoci na Super Speciality.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wockhardt – Who we are |url=http://www.wockhardt.com/who-we-are/overview.aspx}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Habil Khorakiwala a cikin dangin Dawoodi Bohra na Bombay (yanzu [[Mumbai]] ) a shekarar 1942. Mahaifinsa Fakhruddin T. Khorakiwala shi ne wanda ya kafa shagon farko na 'Akbarallys' a Indiya, sannan kuma tsohon Sheriff na Mumbai . Yana da 'ya'ya uku waɗanda ke kula da sassa daban-daban na Wockhardt. Ya kammala karatunsa a fannin harhada magunguna daga Kwalejin LM da ke [[Ahmedabad]] sannan ya yi digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar harhada magunguna daga Jami'ar Purdue, da kuma wani Shirin Gudanarwa na Ci gaba a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard, Amurka.<ref name="Chairman's Profile">{{Cite web |last= |title=Chairmans profile |url=http://www.wockhardt.com/Files/Dr-Habil-Khorakiwala-Profile.pdf |publisher=Wockhardt}}</ref> == Sana'a == Habil Khorakiwala ya kafa kamfanin Wockhardt Limited a shekarar 1967 bayan ya karɓi ragamar kamfanin Worli Chemical Works na mahaifinsa.<ref name="Forbes" /><ref name="NDTV">{{cite news |last= |first= |date=16 August 2012 |title=How Wockhardt transformed from a defaulter to market favourite |url=https://www.ndtv.com/business/how-wockhardt-transformed-from-a-defaulter-to-market-favourite-309402 |access-date=11 October 2022 |newspaper=NDTV}}</ref> Ya fara ne a matsayin ƙaramin kamfani mai ma'aikata 20 kacal, yana yin magunguna ba tare da takardar sayan magani ba. Tun daga lokacin, Wockhardt Limited ta girma zuwa kamfanin hada magunguna da fasahar kere-kere na duniya da ke da cibiyoyin kera kayayyaki a duk duniya da kuma ma'aikata sama da 7,000.<ref name="Purdue University">{{Cite web |last= |title=2010 Honorary Degree |url=https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/general/2010/10HonDocs/HabilKhorakiwala.html |publisher=Purdue University}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2014, an naɗa shi a matsayin Chancellor na Jami'ar Jamia Hamdard . Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'in ba da shawara na [[Sweden]] a Mumbai. == Girmamawa da kyaututtuka == * A shekarar 2010, Jami'ar Purdue ta ba shi digirin girmamawa na Dakta a fannin harhada magunguna. <ref name="Purdue University" /> * Kyautar Matashin Ɗan Kasuwa na Shekara a fannin kula da lafiya da kimiyyar rayuwa <ref name="Purdue University" /> * Kyautar Kwarewa a Matsayin Babban Shugaba daga Cibiyar Talla da Gudanarwa, New Delhi <ref name="Purdue University" /> * Kyautar Shiromani Vikas saboda "gudummawa masu ban mamaki da kuma kwarin gwiwa ga ci gaban ƙasa" <ref name="Purdue University" /> == Littattafan tarihi == * Odyssey na Jarumtaka == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] 0wqtrhbpv99nct135pavz73sxsfdcvl 0 180496 974864 2026-11-01T16:06:32Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1378163219|Hitendra Wadhwa]]" 974864 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hitendra Wadhwa''' (an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Janairu, 1967) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan asalin ƙasar Indiya kuma mai ilimi. A halin yanzu Wadhwa farfesa ce a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Columbia . Shi ne wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Mentora. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Wadhwa a Chandigarh, Indiya, ga Puran Chand Wadhwa da Nirmal (née Sarup). Wadhwa ta sami digirin farko a fannin lissafi daga Kwalejin St. Stephens, Jami'ar Delhi a shekarar 1988. Daga nan ya sami digirin MBA da digirin Ph.D. a fannin kimiyyar gudanarwa daga Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Sloan da ke Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) a shekarar 1996. Binciken digiri na uku na Wadhwa ya mayar da hankali kan inganta yanke shawara kan farashi ga kayayyakin dillalai tare da tsarin buƙatun yanayi. == Sana'a == Wadhwa ta zama mai ba da shawara a McKinsey &amp;amp; Company, wani kamfanin ba da shawara kan harkokin gudanarwa na duniya, a shekarar 1996. A shekarar 1999, bayan tara dala miliyan 10 a cikin jarin kasuwanci, ya kafa Paramark, <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 2023 |title=Stocks |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=1206947 |website=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref> wani kamfani na fasahar inganta tallatawa a [[Silicon Valley]] . Kamfanin NewWorldIQ ne ya sayi kamfanin a shekarar 2002. Wadhwa ta kuma kafa wani kamfanin ba da shawara, Delphinity, a shekara ta 2002, wanda ta hanyar haɗakar ƙungiyoyi ya zama Cibiyar Mentora. Wadhwa ta fara koyarwa a matsayin digirin digirgir (PhD). ɗalibi a MIT a shekarun 1990. Daga 2004-2006, ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa mai kula da harkokin kasuwanci a Makarantar Wharton ta Jami'ar Pennsylvania . Wadhwa ya zama farfesa a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Columbia a shekarar 2006. A shekara ta 2007, Wadhwa ta jagoranci kawancen Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Columbia da Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Indiya Ahmedabad . === Cibiyar Mentora === A shekarar 2011, Wadhwa ta ƙaddamar da Cibiyar Mentora don samar da horo da kuma koyarwa ta jagoranci ta hanyar intanet ga shugabannin kamfanoni. Koyarwa a Cibiyar Mentora ta dogara ne akan tsarin Wadhwa na "Innery, Outer Impact" wanda aka ƙirƙira a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Columbia. Wadhwa da Cibiyar Mentora sun ƙaddamar da Gidauniyar Mentora a shekarar 2021. === Littattafai === An fitar da littafin Wadhwa, ''Inner Mastery, Outer Impact'' a ranar 7 ga Yuni, 2022. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]] 4fw4e5qsgw6jdiyy2u4q8f5b7myr3cb 974866 974864 2026-11-01T16:07:09Z Nnamadee 31123 974866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hitendra Wadhwa''' (an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Janairu, 1967) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan asalin ƙasar Indiya kuma mai ilimi. A halin yanzu Wadhwa farfesa ce a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Columbia. Shi ne wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Mentora. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Wadhwa a Chandigarh, Indiya, ga Puran Chand Wadhwa da Nirmal (née Sarup). Wadhwa ta sami digirin farko a fannin lissafi daga Kwalejin St. Stephens, Jami'ar Delhi a shekarar 1988. Daga nan ya sami digirin MBA da digirin Ph.D. a fannin kimiyyar gudanarwa daga Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Sloan da ke Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) a shekarar 1996. Binciken digiri na uku na Wadhwa ya mayar da hankali kan inganta yanke shawara kan farashi ga kayayyakin dillalai tare da tsarin buƙatun yanayi. == Sana'a == Wadhwa ta zama mai ba da shawara a McKinsey &amp;amp; Company, wani kamfanin ba da shawara kan harkokin gudanarwa na duniya, a shekarar 1996. A shekarar 1999, bayan tara dala miliyan 10 a cikin jarin kasuwanci, ya kafa Paramark, <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 2023 |title=Stocks |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=1206947 |website=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref> wani kamfani na fasahar inganta tallatawa a [[Silicon Valley]] . Kamfanin NewWorldIQ ne ya sayi kamfanin a shekarar 2002. Wadhwa ta kuma kafa wani kamfanin ba da shawara, Delphinity, a shekara ta 2002, wanda ta hanyar haɗakar ƙungiyoyi ya zama Cibiyar Mentora. Wadhwa ta fara koyarwa a matsayin digirin digirgir (PhD). ɗalibi a MIT a shekarun 1990. Daga 2004-2006, ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa mai kula da harkokin kasuwanci a Makarantar Wharton ta Jami'ar Pennsylvania . Wadhwa ya zama farfesa a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Columbia a shekarar 2006. A shekara ta 2007, Wadhwa ta jagoranci kawancen Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Columbia da Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Indiya Ahmedabad . === Cibiyar Mentora === A shekarar 2011, Wadhwa ta ƙaddamar da Cibiyar Mentora don samar da horo da kuma koyarwa ta jagoranci ta hanyar intanet ga shugabannin kamfanoni. Koyarwa a Cibiyar Mentora ta dogara ne akan tsarin Wadhwa na "Innery, Outer Impact" wanda aka ƙirƙira a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Columbia. Wadhwa da Cibiyar Mentora sun ƙaddamar da Gidauniyar Mentora a shekarar 2021. === Littattafai === An fitar da littafin Wadhwa, ''Inner Mastery, Outer Impact'' a ranar 7 ga Yuni, 2022. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]] r5clg0u625shn9fulqivg0bfbcfvm7h 974870 974866 2026-11-01T16:08:02Z Nnamadee 31123 974870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hitendra Wadhwa''' (an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Janairu, 1967) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan asalin ƙasar Indiya kuma mai ilimi. A halin yanzu Wadhwa farfesa ce a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Columbia. Shi ne wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Mentora. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Wadhwa a Chandigarh, Indiya, ga Puran Chand Wadhwa da Nirmal (née Sarup). Wadhwa ta sami digirin farko a fannin lissafi daga Kwalejin St. Stephens, Jami'ar Delhi a shekarar 1988. Daga nan ya sami digirin MBA da digirin Ph.D. a fannin kimiyyar gudanarwa daga Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Sloan da ke Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) a shekarar 1996. Binciken digiri na uku na Wadhwa ya mayar da hankali kan inganta yanke shawara kan farashi ga kayayyakin dillalai tare da tsarin buƙatun yanayi. == Sana'a == Wadhwa ta zama mai ba da shawara a McKinsey &amp;amp; Company, wani kamfanin ba da shawara kan harkokin gudanarwa na duniya, a shekarar 1996. A shekarar 1999, bayan tara dala miliyan 10 a cikin jarin kasuwanci, ya kafa Paramark,<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 2023 |title=Stocks |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=1206947 |website=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref> wani kamfani na fasahar inganta tallatawa a [[Silicon Valley]] . Kamfanin NewWorldIQ ne ya sayi kamfanin a shekarar 2002. Wadhwa ta kuma kafa wani kamfanin ba da shawara, Delphinity, a shekara ta 2002, wanda ta hanyar haɗakar ƙungiyoyi ya zama Cibiyar Mentora. Wadhwa ta fara koyarwa a matsayin digirin digirgir (PhD). ɗalibi a MIT a shekarun 1990. Daga 2004-2006, ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa mai kula da harkokin kasuwanci a Makarantar Wharton ta Jami'ar Pennsylvania. Wadhwa ya zama farfesa a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Columbia a shekarar 2006. A shekara ta 2007, Wadhwa ta jagoranci kawancen Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Columbia da Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Indiya Ahmedabad. === Cibiyar Mentora === A shekarar 2011, Wadhwa ta ƙaddamar da Cibiyar Mentora don samar da horo da kuma koyarwa ta jagoranci ta hanyar intanet ga shugabannin kamfanoni. Koyarwa a Cibiyar Mentora ta dogara ne akan tsarin Wadhwa na "Innery, Outer Impact" wanda aka ƙirƙira a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Columbia. Wadhwa da Cibiyar Mentora sun ƙaddamar da Gidauniyar Mentora a shekarar 2021. === Littattafai === An fitar da littafin Wadhwa, ''Inner Mastery, Outer Impact'' a ranar 7 ga Yuni, 2022. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]] h5oa3tadrnrlue5nbgoyoasq4qbpxrm 974875 974870 2026-11-01T16:09:12Z Nnamadee 31123 974875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hitendra Wadhwa''' (an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Janairu, 1967) ɗan kasuwa ne ɗan asalin ƙasar Indiya kuma mai ilimi. A halin yanzu Wadhwa farfesa ce a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Columbia. Shi ne wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Mentora.<ref>Is This The Answer To Diversity And Inclusion? at Forbes; by Kim Elsesser; published January 28, 2019; retrieved January 28, 2021</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Wadhwa a Chandigarh, Indiya, ga Puran Chand Wadhwa da Nirmal (née Sarup). Wadhwa ta sami digirin farko a fannin lissafi daga Kwalejin St. Stephens, Jami'ar Delhi a shekarar 1988. Daga nan ya sami digirin MBA da digirin Ph.D. a fannin kimiyyar gudanarwa daga Makarantar Gudanarwa ta Sloan da ke Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) a shekarar 1996. Binciken digiri na uku na Wadhwa ya mayar da hankali kan inganta yanke shawara kan farashi ga kayayyakin dillalai tare da tsarin buƙatun yanayi. == Sana'a == Wadhwa ta zama mai ba da shawara a McKinsey &amp;amp; Company, wani kamfanin ba da shawara kan harkokin gudanarwa na duniya, a shekarar 1996. A shekarar 1999, bayan tara dala miliyan 10 a cikin jarin kasuwanci, ya kafa Paramark,<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 2023 |title=Stocks |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=1206947 |website=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref> wani kamfani na fasahar inganta tallatawa a [[Silicon Valley]] . Kamfanin NewWorldIQ ne ya sayi kamfanin a shekarar 2002. Wadhwa ta kuma kafa wani kamfanin ba da shawara, Delphinity, a shekara ta 2002, wanda ta hanyar haɗakar ƙungiyoyi ya zama Cibiyar Mentora. Wadhwa ta fara koyarwa a matsayin digirin digirgir (PhD). ɗalibi a MIT a shekarun 1990. Daga 2004-2006, ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa mai kula da harkokin kasuwanci a Makarantar Wharton ta Jami'ar Pennsylvania. Wadhwa ya zama farfesa a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Columbia a shekarar 2006. A shekara ta 2007, Wadhwa ta jagoranci kawancen Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Columbia da Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Indiya Ahmedabad. === Cibiyar Mentora === A shekarar 2011, Wadhwa ta ƙaddamar da Cibiyar Mentora don samar da horo da kuma koyarwa ta jagoranci ta hanyar intanet ga shugabannin kamfanoni. Koyarwa a Cibiyar Mentora ta dogara ne akan tsarin Wadhwa na "Innery, Outer Impact" wanda aka ƙirƙira a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Columbia. Wadhwa da Cibiyar Mentora sun ƙaddamar da Gidauniyar Mentora a shekarar 2021. === Littattafai === An fitar da littafin Wadhwa, ''Inner Mastery, Outer Impact'' a ranar 7 ga Yuni, 2022. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]] ax6yi2z8pqgt965k4ljyyf5oexmpewj 0 180497 974919 2026-11-01T16:54:04Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 Muhdavdullahi moved page [[Ci gaba da rigakafin rigakafi]] to [[Rigakafin vaccinia]] 974919 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Rigakafin vaccinia]] 6ndt81t9m3fss20e0mv0w507muzuvtn 974920 974919 2026-11-01T16:55:25Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 974920 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Rigakafin vaccinia]] __FORCETOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ nmwiqm8z2jlzefkem3x5k0nn5pnu3qp 0 180498 974924 2026-11-01T17:03:20Z Jafar Shamsu 48635 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1381573422|Bagdad, Arizona]]" 974924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|official_name=Bagdad, Arizona|type=[[Census-designated place|CDP]]|image=Bagdad Arizona 01 2003.JPG|caption=Bagdad, Arizona townscape, January 2003|image_blank_emblem=Logo of Bagdad, Arizona.svg|blank_emblem_type=Logo|image_map=Yavapai_County_incorporated_areas_Bagdad_highlighted.svg|map_size=250px|map_caption=Location in Yavapai County and the state of Arizona <!-- Location -->|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_type1=[[U.S. state|State]]|subdivision_type2=[[List of counties in Arizona|County]]|subdivision_name=United States|subdivision_name1=[[Arizona]]|subdivision_name2=[[Yavapai County, Arizona|Yavapai]] <!-- Government -->|government_footnotes=|government_type=|established_date=<!-- Area -->|unit_pref=Imperial|area_footnotes=<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_04.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 29, 2021}}</ref>|area_total_km2=20.88|area_total_sq_mi=8.06|area_land_km2=20.88|area_land_sq_mi=8.06|area_water_km2=0.00|area_water_sq_mi=0.00 <!-- Population -->|population_as_of=[[2020 United States census|2020]]|population_footnotes=|population_total=1932|population_metro=|population_density_km2=92.55|population_density_sq_mi=239.70 <!-- General information -->|time_zone=[[Mountain Standard Time Zone|MST]]|utc_offset=-7|elevation_ft=3793|elevation_footnotes=<ref name=gnis/>|coordinates={{coord|34|34|38|N|113|10|37|W|region:US_type:city_source:USGazetteer|display=inline,title}}<ref name=gnis/>|postal_code_type=[[ZIP code]]|postal_code=86321|area_code=[[Area code 928|928]]|custom_label_sec1=[[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]|custom_data_sec1=04-05140|custom_label1_sec1=[[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID|custom_data1_sec1=2407792<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2407792}}</ref>|footnotes=|website={{URL|https://bagdadaztown.com/history}}}} Bagdad al'umma ce ta hakar jan ƙarfe da kuma wurin da aka tsara (CDP) a cikin Yavapai County, Arizona, Amurka, a yammacin jihar.Yana daya daga cikin garuruwan kamfanin guda biyu da suka rage a Arizona.Yawan jama'a ya kai 1,876 a ƙidayar shekara ta 2010, daga 1,578 a shekara ta 2000. == Sunan == Dangane da ilimin gargajiya, sunan "Bagdad" ba kuskuren rubutun "Baghdad" ba ne.An yi la'akari da uba da ɗa suna gudanar da ƙaramin aikin hakar jan ƙarfe a can a ƙarshen 1800s.Mahaifin ya haƙa ma'adinin kuma dan ya ɗora shi cikin jaka.Lokacin da jaka daya ya cika sai ya tambayi mahaifinsa "Shin kuna da jaka, uba?" [1]Koyaya, ana jayayya da wannan kuma wasu suna cewa sunan ya samo asali ne daga babban birnin Iraki, Bagadaza, wanda aka yi tunaninsa a matsayin alamar wadata da alatu.[2] == Yawan jama'a == {{US Census population|1930=275|1960=1462|1970=2079|1980=2331|1990=1858|2000=1578|2010=1876|2020=1932}}Baghdad ta fara bayyana a ƙididdigar Amurka ta 1930 a matsayin yankin Baghdad na Yavapai County .An rubuta shi kamar yana da mafi rinjaye na Mutanen Espanya / Hispanic don wannan ƙidayar (ƙidayar ba za ta sake nuna wannan ƙididdigar launin fata ba har zuwa 1980).Tare da haɗuwa da dukkan yankunan gundumar zuwa gundumomi 3 a cikin 1940, ba ta sake bayyana a hukumance ba har sai 1960, lokacin da ta ba da rahoton a matsayin ƙauyen da ba a haɗa shi ba.A shekara ta 1980, an sanya shi wurin da aka tsara (CDP). === Ƙididdigar jama'a ta 2020 === Ya zuwa kididdigar 2020, Baghdad tana da yawan mutane 1,932.Matsakaicin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 29.3.32.6% na mazauna ba su kai shekara 18 ba kuma 5.0% na mazauna suna da shekaru 65 ko sama da haka.Ga kowane mata 100 akwai maza 112.8, kuma ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 da sama akwai maza 111.9 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama.<ref name="Census2020DP">{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1) |url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/dp?get=NAME,DP1_0021P,DP1_0024P,DP1_0025C,DP1_0049C,DP1_0045C,DP1_0069C,DP1_0073C,DP1_0125P,DP1_0126P,DP1_0129P,DP1_0133P,DP1_0137P,DP1_0138P,DP1_0139P,DP1_0141P,DP1_0142P,DP1_0143P,DP1_0145P,DP1_0146P,DP1_0147C,DP1_0148C,DP1_0149C,DP1_0156C,DP1_0157C,DP1_0158C,DP1_0159P,DP1_0160P&for=place%3A05140&in=state%3A04 |access-date=April 30, 2026 |website=United States Census Bureau}}</ref><ref name="Census2020PL">{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) |url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=NAME,P1_001N,P1_003N,P1_004N,P1_005N,P1_006N,P1_007N,P1_008N,P1_009N,P2_001N,P2_002N,H1_001N,H1_002N&for=place%3A05140&in=state%3A04 |access-date=April 30, 2026 |website=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> 0.0% na mazauna suna zaune a cikin birane, yayin da 100.0% ke zaune a yankunan karkara.<ref name="Census2020DHC">{{Cite web |year=2023 |title=2020 Decennial Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics (DHC) |url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/dhc?get=NAME,P2_002N,P2_003N&for=place%3A05140&in=state%3A04 |access-date=April 30, 2026 |website=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> Akwai gidaje 695 a Baghdad, daga cikinsu 44.5% suna da yara a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18 da ke zaune a cikinsu.Daga cikin dukkan gidaje, kashi 49.1% gidaje ne masu aure, kashi 29.5% gidaje ne tare da mai gida namiji kuma babu miji ko abokin tarayya, kuma kashi 15.0% gidaje ne da ke da mace mai gida kuma babu miji da abokin tarayya.Kimanin kashi 25.9% na dukkan gidaje sun kunshi mutane kuma kashi 3.3% suna da wani da ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ke da shekaru 65 ko sama da haka.<ref name="Census2020DP" /> Akwai gidaje 821, daga cikinsu kashi 15.3% babu kowa.Adadin masu gida ya kai 2.4% kuma adadin haya ya kai 4.7%.<ref name="Census2020DP" /> === Ƙididdigar shekara ta 2010 === Ya zuwa Ƙididdigar shekara ta 2010, <ref name="American Factfinder">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Census website |url=https://www.census.gov |access-date=April 5, 2012 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> akwai mutane 1,876 da gidaje 682, da iyalai 485 da ke zaune a cikin CDP.Yawan jama'a ya kasance mazauna .5 a kowace murabba'in mil (91.7/km2).Akwai gidaje 838 a matsakaicin matsakaicin 106.1 a kowace murabba'in mil (41.0 / km).Tsarin launin fata na CDP ya kasance 86.6% fari, 0.5% Baƙar fata ko Baƙar fata na Amurka, 3.0% 'Yan asalin Amurka, 0.3% Asiya, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 6.3% daga wasu kabilu, da 3.3% daga kabilu biyu ko fiye.24.4% na yawan jama'a sun kasance Hispanic ko Latino na kowane kabila. Akwai gidaje 682, daga cikinsu kashi 43.4% suna da yara a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18 da ke zaune tare da su, kashi 57.0% [[Aure|ma'aurata]] ne da ke zaune mmogo, kashi 5.9% suna da mace mai gida ba tare da miji ba, kuma kashi 28.9% ba iyalai ba ne.Kashi 24.6% na dukkan gidaje sun kunshi mutane, kuma kashi 3.1% suna da wani da ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ke da shekaru 65 ko sama da haka.Matsakaicin girman iyali ya kasance 2.75 kuma matsakaicin girman iyalin ya kasance 3.29. A cikin CDP, yawan jama'a ya bazu, tare da 33.1% a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18, 8.6% daga 18 zuwa 24, 29.6% daga 25 zuwa 44, 24.3% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 4.4% waɗanda suka kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka.Matsakaicin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 30.Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 123.9.Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 da sama da haka, akwai maza 119.0. Matsakaicin kudin shiga na iyali a cikin CDP ya kasance $ 58,277, kuma matsakaicin kudin kudin shiga na dangi ya kasance $ 61,850.Maza suna da matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na $ 50,000 tare da $ 40,506 ga mata.Kudin shiga na kowane mutum na CDP ya kai $ 24,370.Kimanin kashi 1.3% na iyalai da kashi 2.8% na yawan jama'a sun kasance a ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da kashi 4.8% na waɗanda ba su kai shekara 18 ba da kuma kashi 9.5% na waɗanda ke da shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. == Shahararrun mutane == * Richie Albright (1940-2021), mawaƙin ƙasar == Yanayin ƙasa da yanayi == A cewar Ofishin Ƙididdigar Amurka, CDP tana da jimlar yanki na murabba'in kilomita 7.9 ( ), duk ƙasar. Dangane da tsarin rarraba yanayi na Köppen, Baghdad tana da yanayin Arizona na yau da kullun, wanda ke kan iyaka tsakanin ''BSh'' da ''BSk'' akan taswirar yanayi. A cikin 1882, masu neman WJ Pace da JM Murphy sun yi ikirarin zinariya, azurfa, da gubar tare da Copper Creek.A cikin 1883, John Lawler na Prescott, Arizona ya biya Pace da Murphy $ 200 don da'awar su, amma ba su iya samun nasara ba.A cikin 1907, Giroux Syndicate ta sayi wani zaɓi a kan ikirarin Lawler na $ 200,000 (daidai da $ 6,000,000 ), tare da Edmond Bronson a matsayin shugaban kasa.Koyaya, ma'adinin har yanzu bai sami riba ba, kuma ayyukan sun lalace shekaru da yawa.A cikin 1944, John C. Lincoln, wanda ya gina Camelback Inn, ya sayi aikin, wanda ya canza ma'adinin gaba ɗaya daga aikin karkashin kasa zuwa rami mai buɗewa.A shekara ta 1979, AMOCO Minerals ne suka sayi aikin, daga bisani mallakar Cyprus Mines.<ref name="Eppinga">{{Cite journal |last=Eppinga |first=Jane |date=Autumn 1985 |title=A Tale of Bagdad: Edmond B. Bronson and his Copper Mines |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41859646 |journal=The Journal of Arizona History |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=307–326 |access-date=August 30, 2021}}</ref> Cyprus Mines Corporation operated the copper mine until Cyprus merged with Phelps Dodge. Freeport-McMoRan (which acquired Phelps Dodge in 2007) now operates the copper/molybdenum mine. This copper mine does open-pit mining and runs on an around-the-clock schedule. The copper concentrate is either trucked to southern Arizona, or taken by semi to 20 miles outside of town to the BNSF Railway's Phoenix Subdivision in Hillside.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2014}} == Ayyuka == Freeport-McMoRan owns all of the housing and commercial buildings in Bagdad. The town has a main shopping center named Copper Plaza, with a small Bashas' grocery store and other businesses. Copper Plaza used to have a bank, but Stockmen's Bank pulled out due to lack of profits.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2023}} However, the Arizona State Credit Union and the Bashas' Associates Federal Credit Union (BAFCU) both installed ATMs inside Bashas'.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2023}} The Bagdad Community Health Center operates a medical clinic. Fry's Food and Drug operates a pharmacy in this clinic as well. {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2023}} == Ilimi == An kafa Gundumar Makarantar Baghdad a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1930.Kwalejin farko da ta kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Baghdad ta kasance a shekarar 1945. Gundumar Makarantar Bagdad ta # 20 ta ƙunshi makarantar sakandare, makarantar firamare, da ƙaramar makarantar sakandare.Makarantar sakandare da ƙaramar makarantar sakandare sun haɗu cikin ɗaya.Dukkanin malamai a makarantar sakandare da ƙaramar makarantar sakandare suna koyar da kowane matakin aji.Dukkanin makarantun wannan gundumar yanzu suna kan harabar daya. Makarantar Sakandare ta Baghdad ta kunshi aji na 7 zuwa 12.Makarantar Firamare ta Baghdad ta kunshi makarantar sakandare ta hanyar aji na 6. Gundumar Yavapai County Free Library tana aiki da ɗakin karatu na Baghdad . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bagdad |url=http://yavapailibrary.org/bagdad |access-date=January 26, 2022 |publisher=[[Yavapai County Free Library District]]}}</ref> == Sufuri == Hanyar Jihar Arizona 97 96 ta haɗa Baghdad da Hanyar Jihare ta Arizona ta 97 da Hillside, Arizona. == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1k1b179is2r123jylks0bmeulewjr4u 974925 974924 2026-11-01T17:03:56Z Jafar Shamsu 48635 974925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox settlement|official_name=Bagdad, Arizona|type=[[Census-designated place|CDP]]|image=Bagdad Arizona 01 2003.JPG|caption=Bagdad, Arizona townscape, January 2003|image_blank_emblem=Logo of Bagdad, Arizona.svg|blank_emblem_type=Logo|image_map=Yavapai_County_incorporated_areas_Bagdad_highlighted.svg|map_size=250px|map_caption=Location in Yavapai County and the state of Arizona <!-- Location -->|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_type1=[[U.S. state|State]]|subdivision_type2=[[List of counties in Arizona|County]]|subdivision_name=United States|subdivision_name1=[[Arizona]]|subdivision_name2=[[Yavapai County, Arizona|Yavapai]] <!-- Government -->|government_footnotes=|government_type=|established_date=<!-- Area -->|unit_pref=Imperial|area_footnotes=<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_04.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 29, 2021}}</ref>|area_total_km2=20.88|area_total_sq_mi=8.06|area_land_km2=20.88|area_land_sq_mi=8.06|area_water_km2=0.00|area_water_sq_mi=0.00 <!-- Population -->|population_as_of=[[2020 United States census|2020]]|population_footnotes=|population_total=1932|population_metro=|population_density_km2=92.55|population_density_sq_mi=239.70 <!-- General information -->|time_zone=[[Mountain Standard Time Zone|MST]]|utc_offset=-7|elevation_ft=3793|elevation_footnotes=<ref name=gnis/>|coordinates={{coord|34|34|38|N|113|10|37|W|region:US_type:city_source:USGazetteer|display=inline,title}}<ref name=gnis/>|postal_code_type=[[ZIP code]]|postal_code=86321|area_code=[[Area code 928|928]]|custom_label_sec1=[[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]|custom_data_sec1=04-05140|custom_label1_sec1=[[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID|custom_data1_sec1=2407792<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2407792}}</ref>|footnotes=|website={{URL|https://bagdadaztown.com/history}}}} Bagdad al'umma ce ta hakar jan ƙarfe da kuma wurin da aka tsara (CDP) a cikin Yavapai County, Arizona, Amurka, a yammacin jihar.Yana daya daga cikin garuruwan kamfanin guda biyu da suka rage a Arizona.Yawan jama'a ya kai 1,876 a ƙidayar shekara ta 2010, daga 1,578 a shekara ta 2000. == Sunan == Dangane da ilimin gargajiya, sunan "Bagdad" ba kuskuren rubutun "Baghdad" ba ne.An yi la'akari da uba da ɗa suna gudanar da ƙaramin aikin hakar jan ƙarfe a can a ƙarshen 1800s.Mahaifin ya haƙa ma'adinin kuma dan ya ɗora shi cikin jaka.Lokacin da jaka daya ya cika sai ya tambayi mahaifinsa "Shin kuna da jaka, uba?" [1]Koyaya, ana jayayya da wannan kuma wasu suna cewa sunan ya samo asali ne daga babban birnin Iraki, Bagadaza, wanda aka yi tunaninsa a matsayin alamar wadata da alatu.[2] == Yawan jama'a == {{US Census population|1930=275|1960=1462|1970=2079|1980=2331|1990=1858|2000=1578|2010=1876|2020=1932}}Baghdad ta fara bayyana a ƙididdigar Amurka ta 1930 a matsayin yankin Baghdad na Yavapai County .An rubuta shi kamar yana da mafi rinjaye na Mutanen Espanya / Hispanic don wannan ƙidayar (ƙidayar ba za ta sake nuna wannan ƙididdigar launin fata ba har zuwa 1980).Tare da haɗuwa da dukkan yankunan gundumar zuwa gundumomi 3 a cikin 1940, ba ta sake bayyana a hukumance ba har sai 1960, lokacin da ta ba da rahoton a matsayin ƙauyen da ba a haɗa shi ba.A shekara ta 1980, an sanya shi wurin da aka tsara (CDP). === Ƙididdigar jama'a ta 2020 === Ya zuwa kididdigar 2020, Baghdad tana da yawan mutane 1,932.Matsakaicin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 29.3.32.6% na mazauna ba su kai shekara 18 ba kuma 5.0% na mazauna suna da shekaru 65 ko sama da haka.Ga kowane mata 100 akwai maza 112.8, kuma ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 da sama akwai maza 111.9 masu shekaru 18 zuwa sama.<ref name="Census2020DP">{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1) |url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/dp?get=NAME,DP1_0021P,DP1_0024P,DP1_0025C,DP1_0049C,DP1_0045C,DP1_0069C,DP1_0073C,DP1_0125P,DP1_0126P,DP1_0129P,DP1_0133P,DP1_0137P,DP1_0138P,DP1_0139P,DP1_0141P,DP1_0142P,DP1_0143P,DP1_0145P,DP1_0146P,DP1_0147C,DP1_0148C,DP1_0149C,DP1_0156C,DP1_0157C,DP1_0158C,DP1_0159P,DP1_0160P&for=place%3A05140&in=state%3A04 |access-date=April 30, 2026 |website=United States Census Bureau}}</ref><ref name="Census2020PL">{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) |url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=NAME,P1_001N,P1_003N,P1_004N,P1_005N,P1_006N,P1_007N,P1_008N,P1_009N,P2_001N,P2_002N,H1_001N,H1_002N&for=place%3A05140&in=state%3A04 |access-date=April 30, 2026 |website=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> 0.0% na mazauna suna zaune a cikin birane, yayin da 100.0% ke zaune a yankunan karkara.<ref name="Census2020DHC">{{Cite web |year=2023 |title=2020 Decennial Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics (DHC) |url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/dhc?get=NAME,P2_002N,P2_003N&for=place%3A05140&in=state%3A04 |access-date=April 30, 2026 |website=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> Akwai gidaje 695 a Baghdad, daga cikinsu 44.5% suna da yara a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18 da ke zaune a cikinsu.Daga cikin dukkan gidaje, kashi 49.1% gidaje ne masu aure, kashi 29.5% gidaje ne tare da mai gida namiji kuma babu miji ko abokin tarayya, kuma kashi 15.0% gidaje ne da ke da mace mai gida kuma babu miji da abokin tarayya.Kimanin kashi 25.9% na dukkan gidaje sun kunshi mutane kuma kashi 3.3% suna da wani da ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ke da shekaru 65 ko sama da haka.<ref name="Census2020DP" /> Akwai gidaje 821, daga cikinsu kashi 15.3% babu kowa.Adadin masu gida ya kai 2.4% kuma adadin haya ya kai 4.7%.<ref name="Census2020DP" /> === Ƙididdigar shekara ta 2010 === Ya zuwa Ƙididdigar shekara ta 2010, <ref name="American Factfinder">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Census website |url=https://www.census.gov |access-date=April 5, 2012 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> akwai mutane 1,876 da gidaje 682, da iyalai 485 da ke zaune a cikin CDP.Yawan jama'a ya kasance mazauna .5 a kowace murabba'in mil (91.7/km2).Akwai gidaje 838 a matsakaicin matsakaicin 106.1 a kowace murabba'in mil (41.0 / km).Tsarin launin fata na CDP ya kasance 86.6% fari, 0.5% Baƙar fata ko Baƙar fata na Amurka, 3.0% 'Yan asalin Amurka, 0.3% Asiya, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 6.3% daga wasu kabilu, da 3.3% daga kabilu biyu ko fiye.24.4% na yawan jama'a sun kasance Hispanic ko Latino na kowane kabila. Akwai gidaje 682, daga cikinsu kashi 43.4% suna da yara a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18 da ke zaune tare da su, kashi 57.0% [[Aure|ma'aurata]] ne da ke zaune mmogo, kashi 5.9% suna da mace mai gida ba tare da miji ba, kuma kashi 28.9% ba iyalai ba ne.Kashi 24.6% na dukkan gidaje sun kunshi mutane, kuma kashi 3.1% suna da wani da ke zaune shi kaɗai wanda ke da shekaru 65 ko sama da haka.Matsakaicin girman iyali ya kasance 2.75 kuma matsakaicin girman iyalin ya kasance 3.29. A cikin CDP, yawan jama'a ya bazu, tare da 33.1% a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18, 8.6% daga 18 zuwa 24, 29.6% daga 25 zuwa 44, 24.3% daga 45 zuwa 64, da 4.4% waɗanda suka kai shekaru 65 ko sama da haka.Matsakaicin shekarun ya kasance shekaru 30.Ga kowane mata 100, akwai maza 123.9.Ga kowane mata 100 masu shekaru 18 da sama da haka, akwai maza 119.0. Matsakaicin kudin shiga na iyali a cikin CDP ya kasance $ 58,277, kuma matsakaicin kudin kudin shiga na dangi ya kasance $ 61,850.Maza suna da matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na $ 50,000 tare da $ 40,506 ga mata.Kudin shiga na kowane mutum na CDP ya kai $ 24,370.Kimanin kashi 1.3% na iyalai da kashi 2.8% na yawan jama'a sun kasance a ƙasa da layin talauci, gami da kashi 4.8% na waɗanda ba su kai shekara 18 ba da kuma kashi 9.5% na waɗanda ke da shekaru 65 ko sama da haka. == Shahararrun mutane == * Richie Albright (1940-2021), mawaƙin ƙasar == Yanayin ƙasa da yanayi == A cewar Ofishin Ƙididdigar Amurka, CDP tana da jimlar yanki na murabba'in kilomita 7.9 ( ), duk ƙasar. Dangane da tsarin rarraba yanayi na Köppen, Baghdad tana da yanayin Arizona na yau da kullun, wanda ke kan iyaka tsakanin ''BSh'' da ''BSk'' akan taswirar yanayi. A cikin 1882, masu neman WJ Pace da JM Murphy sun yi ikirarin zinariya, azurfa, da gubar tare da Copper Creek.A cikin 1883, John Lawler na Prescott, Arizona ya biya Pace da Murphy $ 200 don da'awar su, amma ba su iya samun nasara ba.A cikin 1907, Giroux Syndicate ta sayi wani zaɓi a kan ikirarin Lawler na $ 200,000 (daidai da $ 6,000,000 ), tare da Edmond Bronson a matsayin shugaban kasa.Koyaya, ma'adinin har yanzu bai sami riba ba, kuma ayyukan sun lalace shekaru da yawa.A cikin 1944, John C. Lincoln, wanda ya gina Camelback Inn, ya sayi aikin, wanda ya canza ma'adinin gaba ɗaya daga aikin karkashin kasa zuwa rami mai buɗewa.A shekara ta 1979, AMOCO Minerals ne suka sayi aikin, daga bisani mallakar Cyprus Mines.<ref name="Eppinga">{{Cite journal |last=Eppinga |first=Jane |date=Autumn 1985 |title=A Tale of Bagdad: Edmond B. Bronson and his Copper Mines |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41859646 |journal=The Journal of Arizona History |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=307–326 |access-date=August 30, 2021}}</ref> Cyprus Mines Corporation operated the copper mine until Cyprus merged with Phelps Dodge. Freeport-McMoRan (which acquired Phelps Dodge in 2007) now operates the copper/molybdenum mine. This copper mine does open-pit mining and runs on an around-the-clock schedule. The copper concentrate is either trucked to southern Arizona, or taken by semi to 20 miles outside of town to the BNSF Railway's Phoenix Subdivision in Hillside.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2014}} == Ayyuka == Freeport-McMoRan owns all of the housing and commercial buildings in Bagdad. The town has a main shopping center named Copper Plaza, with a small Bashas' grocery store and other businesses. Copper Plaza used to have a bank, but Stockmen's Bank pulled out due to lack of profits.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2023}} However, the Arizona State Credit Union and the Bashas' Associates Federal Credit Union (BAFCU) both installed ATMs inside Bashas'.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2023}} The Bagdad Community Health Center operates a medical clinic. Fry's Food and Drug operates a pharmacy in this clinic as well. {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2023}} == Ilimi == An kafa Gundumar Makarantar Baghdad a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1930.Kwalejin farko da ta kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Baghdad ta kasance a shekarar 1945. Gundumar Makarantar Bagdad ta # 20 ta ƙunshi makarantar sakandare, makarantar firamare, da ƙaramar makarantar sakandare.Makarantar sakandare da ƙaramar makarantar sakandare sun haɗu cikin ɗaya.Dukkanin malamai a makarantar sakandare da ƙaramar makarantar sakandare suna koyar da kowane matakin aji.Dukkanin makarantun wannan gundumar yanzu suna kan harabar daya. Makarantar Sakandare ta Baghdad ta kunshi aji na 7 zuwa 12.Makarantar Firamare ta Baghdad ta kunshi makarantar sakandare ta hanyar aji na 6. Gundumar Yavapai County Free Library tana aiki da ɗakin karatu na Baghdad . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bagdad |url=http://yavapailibrary.org/bagdad |access-date=January 26, 2022 |publisher=[[Yavapai County Free Library District]]}}</ref> == Sufuri == Hanyar Jihar Arizona 97 96 ta haɗa Baghdad da Hanyar Jihare ta Arizona ta 97 da Hillside, Arizona. == Dubi kuma == == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] oyj11mlkye8ie9kogugbd69z8b5cje1 0 180499 974926 2026-11-01T17:09:58Z Jafar Shamsu 48635 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1304578459|Copper mining in Indonesia]]" 974926 wikitext text/x-wiki Indonesia babbar masana'antar jan ƙarfe ce, tare da samarwa ta bakwai mafi girma a duniya a cikin 2023.Copper yana daya daga cikin manyan fitarwa na Indonesia tare da wuraren narkewa da aka kafa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.Mafi girman ma'adinan jan ƙarfe a cikin ƙasar shine ma'adinin Grasberg a Tsakiyar Papua da ma'adinai na Batu Hijau a Sumbawa, kuma ma'adanai biyu suna ba da gudummawa ga mafi yawan samar da ƙasa.An zargi ma'adanai da haifar da tasirin muhalli ta hanyar zubar da tarkace da keta haƙƙin ɗan adam a kan al'ummomin yankin. == Tarihi == Abubuwan tarihi na jan ƙarfe mafi tsufa da aka sani a Indonesia an rubuta su ne tsakanin karni na 4 BC da karni na 1 AD, a cikin kogon Harimau a Kudancin Sumatra . [1] Kodayake kayan tarihi na baya sun nuna aikin ƙarfe na gida, an samo jan ƙarfe daga waje na Indonesiya ta zamani ta hanyar kasuwanci.[2] Jean Jacques Dozy ne ya gano dukiyar jan ƙarfe (da zinariya) a cikin 1936 a Puncak Jaya a cikin Papua ta Tsakiya ta zamani, kuma ma'adinin Grasberg, mafi girman ma'adinan jan ƙarfe a cikin ƙasar mallakar Freeport McMoran, ya fara aiki a can a cikin 1973.[3] A cikin 1990, an gano ƙarin ajiyar jan ƙarfe a Sumbawa, kuma Batu Hijau (mallaka Newmont) ya fara samarwa a cikin 2000.[4] A cikin shekara ta 2014, ma'adinan Grasberg da Batu Hijau sun kai kashi 97 cikin 100 na fitar da jan ƙarfe na Indonesia.[5] Tun daga shekara ta 2009, manufofin gwamnati da ke buƙatar raguwa sun haifar da fitar da Newmont daga ma'adinin Batu Hijau yayin da Freeport McMoran ya saka hannun jari a cikin masu tsabtace.<ref name="csis">{{Cite web |date=11 July 2024 |title=Diversifying Investment in Indonesia’s Mining Sector |url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/diversifying-investment-indonesias-mining-sector |access-date=1 November 2024 |publisher=[[Centre for Strategic and International Studies]]}}</ref> An buɗe ma'aikatar jan ƙarfe ta farko a cikin 1996 a Gresik, Gabashin Java, don narkar da ma'adinai daga ma'adinin Freeport Grasberg.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2022 |title=Mengokohkan Indonesia sebagai Produsen Tembaga Dunia |url=https://indonesia.go.id/kategori/editorial/4354/mengokohkan-indonesia-sebagai-produsen-tembaga-dunia?lang=1 |access-date=1 November 2024 |publisher=indonesia.go.id |language=id}}</ref> An kaddamar da wasu mashaya guda biyu, daya a Gresik a matsayin mashaya na biyu na Freeport da kuma wani daga Amman Mineral (sabon mai aiki na Batú Hijau) a Yammacin Sumbawa, a watan Satumbar 2024. Ya zuwa 2024, ƙarin ayyukan hakar ma'adinai suna ci gaba a Banyuwangi, Gabashin Java, a Gorontalo, da kuma a Beutong, Aceh . == Kididdiga == A cewar Binciken Geological na Amurka, Indonesia ta haƙa tan dubu 941 kuma ta tsaftace tan dubu 310 na jan ƙarfe a cikin 2022, tare da tabbatar da tan na jan ƙarfa na tan miliyan 24.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mineral Commodity Summary 2024 - Copper |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2024/mcs2024-copper.pdf |access-date=1 November 2024 |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]}}</ref> A cikin 2023, Indonesia ita ce ta bakwai mafi girma a duniya mai samar da jan ƙarfe a duniya.<ref name="csis" /> Copper, jan ƙarfe ma'adinai da concentrates sun kasance na biyar mafi girma na fitar da Indonesia a cikin 2023 bisa ga The Observatory of Economic Complexity, wanda ya kai dala biliyan 8.9, tare da China da Japan su ne manyan masu siye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ekspor Bijih Tembaga Menurut Negara Tujuan Utama, 2012-2023 |url=https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/1/MTAzMiMx/ekspor-bijih-tembaga-menurut-negara-tujuan-utama--2012-2023.html |access-date=1 November 2024 |publisher=[[Statistics Indonesia]] |language=id}}</ref> == Tasirin == Ma'adanai na jan ƙarfe a Indonesia sun soki kungiyoyin kare muhalli da na 'yancin ɗan adam saboda haifar da gurɓataccen yanayi; An kiyasta ma'adinin Grasberg ya zubar da kusan tan dubu 200 na tailings cikin [[Ajkwa River|Kogin Ajkwa]] a Papua, yana lalata yanayin kogin da kewayenta. Har ila yau, kungiyoyin muhalli sun kai karar ma'adinin Batu Hijau saboda zubar da tarkace a cikin teku, yayin da masu aikin ma'adinai suka yi iƙirarin cewa Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta ba ma'adinan izinin yin hakan. Kungiyoyin 'yan asalin Papuan sun zargi masu aiki da ma'adinin Grasberg da shiga cikin tashin hankali game da yajin aiki da zanga-zangar, yayin da al'ummomin Sumbawa suka yi iƙirarin cewa ayyukan ma'adinan Batu Hijau sun tsoma baki da haƙƙin amfani da ƙasa na gida. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2020 |title=New report details numerous violations by PT Freeport Indonesia in West Papua |url=https://www.tapol.org/publications/new-report-details-numerous-violations-pt-freeport-indonesia-west-papua |access-date=1 November 2024 |publisher=[[Tapol]]}}</ref> An ambaci ma'adinin Grasberg a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan masu biyan haraji a Indonesia, <ref name="pajak" /> wanda ke ba da gudummawa 0.6 cikin dari ga GDP na Indonesia (kashi 96 cikin dari na GDP na Mimika Regency inda ma'adinan yake) kuma yana samar da dala biliyan 17.3 a cikin kudaden shiga ga gwamnatin Indonesia tsakanin 1992 da 2017 ta hanyar haraji, harajin fitarwa, sarauta, da kuma raba. Kungiyar Ma'adinai ta Indonesia ta yi iƙirarin cewa manyan ma'adanai guda biyu sun samar da ayyuka dubu 40. == Manazarta == 16xtz6mps46rx2l2g8edryfg9z9nlyw 974927 974926 2026-11-01T17:10:32Z Jafar Shamsu 48635 974927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Indonesia babbar masana'antar jan ƙarfe ce, tare da samarwa ta bakwai mafi girma a duniya a cikin 2023.Copper yana daya daga cikin manyan fitarwa na Indonesia tare da wuraren narkewa da aka kafa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.Mafi girman ma'adinan jan ƙarfe a cikin ƙasar shine ma'adinin Grasberg a Tsakiyar Papua da ma'adinai na Batu Hijau a Sumbawa, kuma ma'adanai biyu suna ba da gudummawa ga mafi yawan samar da ƙasa.An zargi ma'adanai da haifar da tasirin muhalli ta hanyar zubar da tarkace da keta haƙƙin ɗan adam a kan al'ummomin yankin. == Tarihi == Abubuwan tarihi na jan ƙarfe mafi tsufa da aka sani a Indonesia an rubuta su ne tsakanin karni na 4 BC da karni na 1 AD, a cikin kogon Harimau a Kudancin Sumatra . [1] Kodayake kayan tarihi na baya sun nuna aikin ƙarfe na gida, an samo jan ƙarfe daga waje na Indonesiya ta zamani ta hanyar kasuwanci.[2] Jean Jacques Dozy ne ya gano dukiyar jan ƙarfe (da zinariya) a cikin 1936 a Puncak Jaya a cikin Papua ta Tsakiya ta zamani, kuma ma'adinin Grasberg, mafi girman ma'adinan jan ƙarfe a cikin ƙasar mallakar Freeport McMoran, ya fara aiki a can a cikin 1973.[3] A cikin 1990, an gano ƙarin ajiyar jan ƙarfe a Sumbawa, kuma Batu Hijau (mallaka Newmont) ya fara samarwa a cikin 2000.[4] A cikin shekara ta 2014, ma'adinan Grasberg da Batu Hijau sun kai kashi 97 cikin 100 na fitar da jan ƙarfe na Indonesia.[5] Tun daga shekara ta 2009, manufofin gwamnati da ke buƙatar raguwa sun haifar da fitar da Newmont daga ma'adinin Batu Hijau yayin da Freeport McMoran ya saka hannun jari a cikin masu tsabtace.<ref name="csis">{{Cite web |date=11 July 2024 |title=Diversifying Investment in Indonesia’s Mining Sector |url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/diversifying-investment-indonesias-mining-sector |access-date=1 November 2024 |publisher=[[Centre for Strategic and International Studies]]}}</ref> An buɗe ma'aikatar jan ƙarfe ta farko a cikin 1996 a Gresik, Gabashin Java, don narkar da ma'adinai daga ma'adinin Freeport Grasberg.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2022 |title=Mengokohkan Indonesia sebagai Produsen Tembaga Dunia |url=https://indonesia.go.id/kategori/editorial/4354/mengokohkan-indonesia-sebagai-produsen-tembaga-dunia?lang=1 |access-date=1 November 2024 |publisher=indonesia.go.id |language=id}}</ref> An kaddamar da wasu mashaya guda biyu, daya a Gresik a matsayin mashaya na biyu na Freeport da kuma wani daga Amman Mineral (sabon mai aiki na Batú Hijau) a Yammacin Sumbawa, a watan Satumbar 2024. Ya zuwa 2024, ƙarin ayyukan hakar ma'adinai suna ci gaba a Banyuwangi, Gabashin Java, a Gorontalo, da kuma a Beutong, Aceh . == Kididdiga == A cewar Binciken Geological na Amurka, Indonesia ta haƙa tan dubu 941 kuma ta tsaftace tan dubu 310 na jan ƙarfe a cikin 2022, tare da tabbatar da tan na jan ƙarfa na tan miliyan 24.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mineral Commodity Summary 2024 - Copper |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2024/mcs2024-copper.pdf |access-date=1 November 2024 |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]}}</ref> A cikin 2023, Indonesia ita ce ta bakwai mafi girma a duniya mai samar da jan ƙarfe a duniya.<ref name="csis" /> Copper, jan ƙarfe ma'adinai da concentrates sun kasance na biyar mafi girma na fitar da Indonesia a cikin 2023 bisa ga The Observatory of Economic Complexity, wanda ya kai dala biliyan 8.9, tare da China da Japan su ne manyan masu siye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ekspor Bijih Tembaga Menurut Negara Tujuan Utama, 2012-2023 |url=https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/1/MTAzMiMx/ekspor-bijih-tembaga-menurut-negara-tujuan-utama--2012-2023.html |access-date=1 November 2024 |publisher=[[Statistics Indonesia]] |language=id}}</ref> == Tasirin == Ma'adanai na jan ƙarfe a Indonesia sun soki kungiyoyin kare muhalli da na 'yancin ɗan adam saboda haifar da gurɓataccen yanayi; An kiyasta ma'adinin Grasberg ya zubar da kusan tan dubu 200 na tailings cikin [[Ajkwa River|Kogin Ajkwa]] a Papua, yana lalata yanayin kogin da kewayenta. Har ila yau, kungiyoyin muhalli sun kai karar ma'adinin Batu Hijau saboda zubar da tarkace a cikin teku, yayin da masu aikin ma'adinai suka yi iƙirarin cewa Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta ba ma'adinan izinin yin hakan. Kungiyoyin 'yan asalin Papuan sun zargi masu aiki da ma'adinin Grasberg da shiga cikin tashin hankali game da yajin aiki da zanga-zangar, yayin da al'ummomin Sumbawa suka yi iƙirarin cewa ayyukan ma'adinan Batu Hijau sun tsoma baki da haƙƙin amfani da ƙasa na gida. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2020 |title=New report details numerous violations by PT Freeport Indonesia in West Papua |url=https://www.tapol.org/publications/new-report-details-numerous-violations-pt-freeport-indonesia-west-papua |access-date=1 November 2024 |publisher=[[Tapol]]}}</ref> An ambaci ma'adinin Grasberg a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan masu biyan haraji a Indonesia, <ref name="pajak" /> wanda ke ba da gudummawa 0.6 cikin dari ga GDP na Indonesia (kashi 96 cikin dari na GDP na Mimika Regency inda ma'adinan yake) kuma yana samar da dala biliyan 17.3 a cikin kudaden shiga ga gwamnatin Indonesia tsakanin 1992 da 2017 ta hanyar haraji, harajin fitarwa, sarauta, da kuma raba. Kungiyar Ma'adinai ta Indonesia ta yi iƙirarin cewa manyan ma'adanai guda biyu sun samar da ayyuka dubu 40. == Manazarta == o71yek6l1oanppl6xr7vi6nqvjfljet 0 180500 974929 2026-11-01T17:18:53Z Jafar Shamsu 48635 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365733009|Dujiangyan]]" 974929 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''Dujiangyan''' (Chinese: 都江堰; pinyin: Dūjiāngyàn) is an ancient hydraulic engineering system in Dujiangyan City, Sichuan, [[Sin|China]]. Originally constructed around 256 BC by the State of Qin as an [[Ban ruwa|irrigation]] and [[Gudanar da ambaliyar ruwa|flood control]] project, it is still in use today. The system's infrastructure develops on the Min River (Minjiang), one of the longest tributaries of the Yangtze. The area is in the west part of the [[Chengdu]] Plain, between the Sichuan Basin and the [[Filin Tibet|Tibetan Plateau]]. Originally, the Min would rush down from the Min Mountains and slow down abruptly after reaching the Chengdu Plain, filling the watercourse with silt, thus making the nearby areas extremely prone to floods. King Zhao of Qin commissioned the project, and the construction of the Dujiangyan harnessed the river using a new method of channeling and dividing the water rather than simply damming it. The water management scheme is still in use today to irrigate over {{Convert|5,300|km2}} of land in the region and has produced comprehensive benefits in flood control, irrigation, water transport and general water consumption.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=UNESCO World Heritage |title=Mount Qingcheng and the Dujiangyan Irrigation System |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1001/ |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref> Begun over 2,250 years ago, it now irrigates 668,700 hectares of farmland. The Dujiangyan, the Zhengguo Canal in Shaanxi and the Lingqu Canal in Guangxi are collectively known as the "three great hydraulic engineering projects of the Qin".  An sanya tsarin ban ruwa na Dujiangyan a cikin jerin abubuwan tarihi na duniya a cikin shekara ta 2000.Har ila yau, an ayyana shi a matsayin Shafin da aka Kare na Jiha, daga cikin rukunin farko na Yankunan Scenic na Kasa da Sites na Tarihi, da Yankin Nuni na ISO14000 na Kasa.<ref name=":0" /> == Tarihi == === Shirye-shiryen === A Lokacin Yaki Jihohi, mutanen da ke zaune a yankin Kogin Min sun sha wahala daga ambaliyar shekara-shekara.Masanin ilimin ruwa na Qin Li Bing ya bincika matsalar kuma ya gano cewa kogin ya kumbura ne ta hanyar ruwan da ke narkewa da sauri daga tsaunuka na cikin gida wanda ya fashe bankunan lokacin da ya kai ga jinkirin motsi da kuma yaduwar da ke ƙasa.[1] Ɗaya daga cikin mafita zai kasance gina [[Madatsar ruwa|madatsar]] Ruwa, amma Qin yana so ya ci gaba da buɗe hanyar ruwa don jiragen soja don samar da sojoji a kan iyaka, <ref name="anuTaming1">{{Cite web |last=China Heritage Project |title=Taming the Floodwaters |url=http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=001_water.inc&issue=001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719025120/http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=001_water.inc&issue=001 |archive-date=July 19, 2011 |access-date=April 22, 2008 |publisher=The Australian National University |quote=Li Bing was commissioned to conduct an extensive hydraulic survey to regulate the unpredictable course of the swiftly flowing spring-thaw waters of the Min River that regularly flooded areas and settlements on the plains around Chengdu, and simultaneously ensure that the Min River flowed unimpeded through Chengdu, facilitating navigation by military vessels that could service Qin's logistical supply lines.}}</ref> don haka a maimakon haka an gina wani shinge na wucin gadi don sake jagorantar wani ɓangare na kwararar kogin sannan kuma ya yanke tashar ta Dutsen Yulei don fitar da ruwa mai yawa a kan busassun Chengdu Plain bayan. <ref name="anuTaming2">{{Cite web |last=China Heritage Project |title=Taming the Floodwaters |url=http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=001_water.inc&issue=001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719025120/http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=001_water.inc&issue=001 |archive-date=July 19, 2011 |access-date=April 22, 2008 |publisher=The Australian National University |quote=By 270 BCE he had drawn up plans to mitigate the Min River's floodwaters for year-round irrigation on the Chengdu Plain and navigability to Chengdu. The original plan called for the construction of weirs or levees to harness the Min River at Dujiangyan, where the hills meet the Chengdu Plain, and of a diversion channel to irrigate the plain that would cut straight through the natural barrier posed by Mount Jian.}}</ref> === Gine-gine === Sarki Zhao na Qin ya ware 100,000 taels na azurfa don aikin kuma ya aika da ƙungiyar da aka ce sun kai dubban dubbai.An gina madatsar ruwa ne daga dogon kwando mai kama da sausage na bamboo cike da duwatsu da aka sani da Zhulong wanda aka gudanar da shi ta hanyar katako da aka sani le Macha. Ginin wani ruwa mai kama da bakin kifi ya ɗauki shekaru huɗu don kammalawa.<ref name="anuTaming3">{{Cite web |last=China Heritage Project |title=Taming the Floodwaters |url=http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=001_water.inc&issue=001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719025120/http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=001_water.inc&issue=001 |archive-date=July 19, 2011 |access-date=April 22, 2008 |publisher=The Australian National University |quote=In 268 BCE, Li Bing is said to have personally led ten of thousands of workers in the initial stage of construction on the Min River banks. The workers made bamboo cages and threw cages of rocks into the middle of the river. It took them four years to complete a water-diversion levee resembling a fish's mouth. When the water reaches Yuzu, the 'fish's mouth,' it is naturally diverted into the inner and outer flows. The inner flow is the diversion channel that leads to Chengdu.}}</ref> Yanke tashar ya zama babbar matsala, kamar yadda kayan aikin hannu da ake samu a lokacin, kafin kirkirar gunpowder, zai ɗauki shekaru da yawa don yanka dutsen.Li Bing ya kirkiro wata hanya mai basira ta amfani da wuta da ruwa don saurin zafi da sanyaya duwatsu, yana sa su fashe kuma ya ba su damar cire su cikin sauƙi.<ref name="anuTaming4">{{Cite web |last=China Heritage Project |title=Taming the Floodwaters |url=http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=001_water.inc&issue=001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719025120/http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=001_water.inc&issue=001 |archive-date=July 19, 2011 |access-date=April 22, 2008 |publisher=The Australian National University |quote=Prior to the invention of gunpowder, manual labourers using only drill rods and stone hammers would have taken 30 years to cut through the mountain. Qin military planners required more immediate results, so Li Bing proposed using the expeditious and simple technology of using controlled blazes to scorch the rocks and then dousing them with cold water. The seemingly limitless forest resources of the region at that time – evidence of which is provided by the Shu kingdom period tree trunk coffins recently unearthed in downtown Chengdu – made such an option possible. King Zhao of Qin allocated 100,000 taels of silver for the project.}}</ref> Bayan shekaru takwas na aiki, an yi amfani da tashar da ke da faɗin mita 20 (66 a cikin dutsen.<ref name="anuTaming5">{{Cite web |last=China Heritage Project |title=Taming the Floodwaters |url=http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=001_water.inc&issue=001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719025120/http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=001_water.inc&issue=001 |archive-date=July 19, 2011 |access-date=April 22, 2008 |publisher=The Australian National University |quote=It took a further eight years to cut through the mountain, and the {{convert|20|m|adj=on|sp=us}}-wide culvert allows the water to flow into the Chengdu Plain. The key part of the project was the diversion gate called Baopingkou that resembles the neck of a bottle, and through this passage, the waters of the Min River could irrigate the Chengdu Plain in perpetuity. In 256 BCE, after 14 years of arduous labor, the Dujiangyan project was completed. That at least is one received historical account, but it is undeniable that for more than two millennia this irrigation project has been in use on the Chengdu Plain.}}</ref> === Kyauta === Bayan an gama tsarin, babu wani ambaliyar ruwa da ta faru.Ruwa ya sanya Sichuan yankin noma mafi yawan amfanin gona a kasar Sin na wani lokaci.An kuma yaba da ginin tare da ba wa mutanen yankin halin da ya dace da rayuwa; <ref name="laTimes1">{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Don |date=February 8, 2006 |title=People's Party Animals |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/columnone/la-fi-chinaparty8feb08,1,7457737.story?page=2&coll=la-headlines-columnone |access-date=April 22, 2008 |website=Los Angeles Times |quote=[Luo Xinben, a professor at Southwest University for Nationalities] and other scholars say Chengdu's laid-back culture was spawned by its 2-millennium-old irrigation system.}}</ref> ta hanyar kawar da bala'i da tabbatar da girbi na yau da kullun da yawa, ya bar su da isasshen lokacin kyauta. <ref name="laTimes2">{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Don |date=February 8, 2006 |title=People's Party Animals |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/columnone/la-fi-chinaparty8feb08,1,7457737.story?page=2&coll=la-headlines-columnone |access-date=April 22, 2008 |website=Los Angeles Times |quote=[Tan Jihe, a researcher at the Sichuan Provincial Academy of Social Sciences] says Du Jiang Yan, and Chengdu's fertile soil and moist air, made it easy to plant rice, corn, potatoes and a rich assortment of citrus and other fruits, giving farmers not only good harvests but also plenty of time for leisure.}}</ref> Turmoil surrounding the conquering of Chengdu by peasant rebel leader Zhang Xianzhong in 1644, and the Ming-Qing transition more generally, led to depopulation and the deterioration of the Dujiangyan irrigation system to the point where rice cultivation was set back for decades.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yuan |first=Shang |last2=Schmitt |first2=Edwin |date=2023 |title=The Retreat of the Human: Processes of Rewilding after Warfare in Sichuan, China |url=https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/whp/eh/2023/00000029/00000001/art00008 |journal=Environment and History |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=109–131 |bibcode=2023EnHis..29..109Y |doi=10.3197/096734020X15900760737310 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> The original Dujiangyan irrigation system was destroyed by the 1933 Diexi earthquake. The current Dujiangyan irrigation system was rebuilt after the Diexi earthquake in 1933 by Zhang Yuan (张沅) and his sons, including Zhang Shiling (张世龄).{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2021}} A shekara ta 2000, Dujiangyan ya zama [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Gidan Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO]].A yau ya zama babban abin jan hankali ga masu yawon bude ido. === Girgizar kasa ta Sichuan ta 2008 === On May 12, 2008, a massive earthquake struck a vast portion of west Sichuan, including the Dujiangyan area. Initial reports indicated that the Yuzui Levee was cracked but not severely damaged. Diversion of flow could still be seen as the river turns.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2021}} === Shugaban ban ruwa === Tsarin ban ruwa ya kunshi manyan gine-gine guda uku waɗanda ke aiki cikin jituwa da juna don tabbatar da ambaliyar ruwa da kiyaye filayen da ruwa: '''Yuzui''' ko Fish Mouth Levee <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dujiangyan City Archives |date=2021-07-07 |title=都江堰鱼嘴指什么？ |trans-title=What does Dujiangyan fish mouth mean? |url=http://www.djy.gov.cn/dyjgb_rmzfwz/c129463/2021-07/07/content_d39af6eaf11949e2b0bb1517d7034d1e.shtml |archive-date= |website=Dujiangyan Municipal People's Government}}</ref> ''' (Sinanci: 鱼嘴) ''', mai suna saboda kansa mai laushi wanda aka ce yayi kama da bakin kifi, shine mahimmin bangare na ginin.Ruwa ce ta wucin gadi wacce ke raba ruwa zuwa rafi na ciki da na waje.<ref name="tctFishMouth1">{{Cite web |title=At The Fish Mouth Water-Dividing Dam |url=http://www.travelchinatour.com/sichuan-china/dujiangyan-irrigation-system-2.html |access-date=April 20, 2008 |publisher=travelchinatour.com |quote=The Fish Mouth Water-Dividing Dam is built in the middle of the river. It is the main part of Dujiangyan Irrigation system. The Fish mouth functions to divide the river into an inner canal and an outer canal. Long ago, when Li Ping worked as the local governor of the Shu State, he found the old river canal was too narrow to hold much water, which often overflowed the banks and caused disastrous floods. Based on natural geographic conditions, Li Bing organized the people to build a man-made dam. The whole dam looks like a fish, and the front dam has a circular cone shaped like a fish mouth.}}</ref> Kogin na ciki yana da zurfi kuma yana da ƙunci, yayin da kogin na waje ba shi da zurfi amma yana da faɗi.Wannan tsari na musamman yana tabbatar da cewa rafin ciki yana ɗaukar kusan kashi 60% na kwararar kogin cikin tsarin ban ruwa a lokacin rani.Yayinda yake a lokacin ambaliyar ruwa, wannan adadin ya ragu zuwa 40% don kare mutane daga ambaliyar.Kogin na waje yana fitar da sauran, yana fitar da yawancin laka da laka.<ref name="tctFishMouth2">{{Cite web |title=At The Fish Mouth Water-Dividing Dam |url=http://www.travelchinatour.com/sichuan-china/dujiangyan-irrigation-system-2.html |access-date=April 20, 2008 |publisher=travelchinatour.com |quote=It is the dam that diverts water into the outer canal and the inner canal. The inner water canal functions as the main stream for irrigation purposes; the outer river is mainly used to drain excessive water and sand. During flood seasons the inner canal holds 40 percent of the water in the river, and 60 percent of the water flows into the outer river. It is vice versa in dry seasons. About 80 percent of the silt is carried away along the outer river.}}</ref> '''Feishayan''' ko '''Flying Sand Weir (Sinanci) ''' yana da budewar mita 200 (660 wanda ke haɗa koguna na ciki da na waje.<ref name="tctFlyingSandFence1">{{Cite web |title=At the Flying Sand Fence |url=http://www.travelchinatour.com/sichuan-china/dujiangyan-irrigation-system-2.html |access-date=April 20, 2008 |publisher=travelchinatour.com |quote=The water flows along the inner canal towards the Bottle-Neck Channel. On the way it passes the Flying Sand Fence, which has a {{convert|200|m|ft|adj=mid|sp=us}}-wide opening from south to north. The Fence joins the inner and outer canals. The fence functions to control the flow of water and discharge excess into the outer canal from the inner canal.}}</ref> Wannan yana tabbatar da ambaliyar ruwa ta hanyar ba da izinin ruwa mai juyawa na halitta don fitar da ruwa mai yawa daga ciki zuwa rafi na waje.Har ila yau, juyawa yana fitar da laka da laka wanda ya kasa shiga cikin rafin waje.Wani karamin ƙarfe na zamani ya maye gurbin kwando na bamboo na asali.<ref name="tctFlyingSandFence2">{{Cite web |title=At the Flying Sand Fence |url=http://www.travelchinatour.com/sichuan-china/dujiangyan-irrigation-system-2.html |access-date=April 20, 2008 |publisher=travelchinatour.com |quote=During the dry seasons the fence doesn't work much, but when floods occur, the river rushes forward along the inner canal. As it approaches the fence, the river begins to turn fast, and soon many whirlpools are formed. The whirlpools change quickly, swee-ping away sand and pebbles, and throwing them into the outer canal. During the flood seasons, this spillway transports 80 percent of the sediments into the outer river, and at the same time excessive water flows over the Flying Sands Fence into the outer river. In ancient times, there was no cement in use. Instead, huge bamboo cages were used as the fence. They were filled with stones and pebbles. However, at present, a reinforced concrete weir has replaced the ancient fence.}}</ref> '''Baopingkou''' ko Bottle-Neck Channel (Sinanci: 宝瓶口), wanda aka yi amfani da shi ta dutsen, shine ɓangaren ƙarshe na tsarin.Tashar tana rarraba ruwa zuwa gonakin da ke cikin Filayen Chengdu, yayin da ƙofar ƙofar, wacce ke ba ta sunanta, tana aiki azaman ƙofar dubawa, tana haifar da kwararar ruwa wanda ke ɗaukar ruwa mai yawa a kan Flying Sand Fence, don tabbatar da ambaliyar ruwa.<ref name="tctBottleNeckChannel1">{{Cite web |title=At the Bottle-Neck Channel |url=http://www.travelchinatour.com/sichuan-china/dujiangyan-irrigation-system-2.html |access-date=April 20, 2008 |publisher=travelchinatour.com |quote=The inner canal leads to the Bottleneck Channel, which is the entrance of the extensive irrigation system. A trunk canal cuts the mountain into two parts. The small part was later called Li Dui, which means an isolated hill. Chengdu looks like a large bottle, and the trunk canal between the mountain and the hill takes the shape of a bottleneck. During the flood seasons, the water will not overflow into the trunk canal. Instead, it flows in whirlpools into the outer canal. The trunk canal works as a check gate to safeguard the Chengdu Plain.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=世界文化遗产——青城山 都江堰 |url=http://www.gov.cn/test/2006-03/29/content_239215.htm |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=www.gov.cn}}</ref> === Manazarta === [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] pfsa20mf5udht5arrbqsxmz0dv7mw8z 974930 974929 2026-11-01T17:19:12Z Jafar Shamsu 48635 974930 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The '''Dujiangyan''' (Chinese: 都江堰; pinyin: Dūjiāngyàn) is an ancient hydraulic engineering system in Dujiangyan City, Sichuan, [[Sin|China]]. Originally constructed around 256 BC by the State of Qin as an [[Ban ruwa|irrigation]] and [[Gudanar da ambaliyar ruwa|flood control]] project, it is still in use today. The system's infrastructure develops on the Min River (Minjiang), one of the longest tributaries of the Yangtze. The area is in the west part of the [[Chengdu]] Plain, between the Sichuan Basin and the [[Filin Tibet|Tibetan Plateau]]. Originally, the Min would rush down from the Min Mountains and slow down abruptly after reaching the Chengdu Plain, filling the watercourse with silt, thus making the nearby areas extremely prone to floods. King Zhao of Qin commissioned the project, and the construction of the Dujiangyan harnessed the river using a new method of channeling and dividing the water rather than simply damming it. The water management scheme is still in use today to irrigate over {{Convert|5,300|km2}} of land in the region and has produced comprehensive benefits in flood control, irrigation, water transport and general water consumption.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=UNESCO World Heritage |title=Mount Qingcheng and the Dujiangyan Irrigation System |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1001/ |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref> Begun over 2,250 years ago, it now irrigates 668,700 hectares of farmland. The Dujiangyan, the Zhengguo Canal in Shaanxi and the Lingqu Canal in Guangxi are collectively known as the "three great hydraulic engineering projects of the Qin".  An sanya tsarin ban ruwa na Dujiangyan a cikin jerin abubuwan tarihi na duniya a cikin shekara ta 2000.Har ila yau, an ayyana shi a matsayin Shafin da aka Kare na Jiha, daga cikin rukunin farko na Yankunan Scenic na Kasa da Sites na Tarihi, da Yankin Nuni na ISO14000 na Kasa.<ref name=":0" /> == Tarihi == === Shirye-shiryen === A Lokacin Yaki Jihohi, mutanen da ke zaune a yankin Kogin Min sun sha wahala daga ambaliyar shekara-shekara.Masanin ilimin ruwa na Qin Li Bing ya bincika matsalar kuma ya gano cewa kogin ya kumbura ne ta hanyar ruwan da ke narkewa da sauri daga tsaunuka na cikin gida wanda ya fashe bankunan lokacin da ya kai ga jinkirin motsi da kuma yaduwar da ke ƙasa.[1] Ɗaya daga cikin mafita zai kasance gina [[Madatsar ruwa|madatsar]] Ruwa, amma Qin yana so ya ci gaba da buɗe hanyar ruwa don jiragen soja don samar da sojoji a kan iyaka, <ref name="anuTaming1">{{Cite web |last=China Heritage Project |title=Taming the Floodwaters |url=http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=001_water.inc&issue=001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719025120/http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=001_water.inc&issue=001 |archive-date=July 19, 2011 |access-date=April 22, 2008 |publisher=The Australian National University |quote=Li Bing was commissioned to conduct an extensive hydraulic survey to regulate the unpredictable course of the swiftly flowing spring-thaw waters of the Min River that regularly flooded areas and settlements on the plains around Chengdu, and simultaneously ensure that the Min River flowed unimpeded through Chengdu, facilitating navigation by military vessels that could service Qin's logistical supply lines.}}</ref> don haka a maimakon haka an gina wani shinge na wucin gadi don sake jagorantar wani ɓangare na kwararar kogin sannan kuma ya yanke tashar ta Dutsen Yulei don fitar da ruwa mai yawa a kan busassun Chengdu Plain bayan. <ref name="anuTaming2">{{Cite web |last=China Heritage Project |title=Taming the Floodwaters |url=http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=001_water.inc&issue=001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719025120/http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=001_water.inc&issue=001 |archive-date=July 19, 2011 |access-date=April 22, 2008 |publisher=The Australian National University |quote=By 270 BCE he had drawn up plans to mitigate the Min River's floodwaters for year-round irrigation on the Chengdu Plain and navigability to Chengdu. The original plan called for the construction of weirs or levees to harness the Min River at Dujiangyan, where the hills meet the Chengdu Plain, and of a diversion channel to irrigate the plain that would cut straight through the natural barrier posed by Mount Jian.}}</ref> === Gine-gine === Sarki Zhao na Qin ya ware 100,000 taels na azurfa don aikin kuma ya aika da ƙungiyar da aka ce sun kai dubban dubbai.An gina madatsar ruwa ne daga dogon kwando mai kama da sausage na bamboo cike da duwatsu da aka sani da Zhulong wanda aka gudanar da shi ta hanyar katako da aka sani le Macha. Ginin wani ruwa mai kama da bakin kifi ya ɗauki shekaru huɗu don kammalawa.<ref name="anuTaming3">{{Cite web |last=China Heritage Project |title=Taming the Floodwaters |url=http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=001_water.inc&issue=001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719025120/http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=001_water.inc&issue=001 |archive-date=July 19, 2011 |access-date=April 22, 2008 |publisher=The Australian National University |quote=In 268 BCE, Li Bing is said to have personally led ten of thousands of workers in the initial stage of construction on the Min River banks. The workers made bamboo cages and threw cages of rocks into the middle of the river. It took them four years to complete a water-diversion levee resembling a fish's mouth. When the water reaches Yuzu, the 'fish's mouth,' it is naturally diverted into the inner and outer flows. The inner flow is the diversion channel that leads to Chengdu.}}</ref> Yanke tashar ya zama babbar matsala, kamar yadda kayan aikin hannu da ake samu a lokacin, kafin kirkirar gunpowder, zai ɗauki shekaru da yawa don yanka dutsen.Li Bing ya kirkiro wata hanya mai basira ta amfani da wuta da ruwa don saurin zafi da sanyaya duwatsu, yana sa su fashe kuma ya ba su damar cire su cikin sauƙi.<ref name="anuTaming4">{{Cite web |last=China Heritage Project |title=Taming the Floodwaters |url=http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=001_water.inc&issue=001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719025120/http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=001_water.inc&issue=001 |archive-date=July 19, 2011 |access-date=April 22, 2008 |publisher=The Australian National University |quote=Prior to the invention of gunpowder, manual labourers using only drill rods and stone hammers would have taken 30 years to cut through the mountain. Qin military planners required more immediate results, so Li Bing proposed using the expeditious and simple technology of using controlled blazes to scorch the rocks and then dousing them with cold water. The seemingly limitless forest resources of the region at that time – evidence of which is provided by the Shu kingdom period tree trunk coffins recently unearthed in downtown Chengdu – made such an option possible. King Zhao of Qin allocated 100,000 taels of silver for the project.}}</ref> Bayan shekaru takwas na aiki, an yi amfani da tashar da ke da faɗin mita 20 (66 a cikin dutsen.<ref name="anuTaming5">{{Cite web |last=China Heritage Project |title=Taming the Floodwaters |url=http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=001_water.inc&issue=001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719025120/http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=001_water.inc&issue=001 |archive-date=July 19, 2011 |access-date=April 22, 2008 |publisher=The Australian National University |quote=It took a further eight years to cut through the mountain, and the {{convert|20|m|adj=on|sp=us}}-wide culvert allows the water to flow into the Chengdu Plain. The key part of the project was the diversion gate called Baopingkou that resembles the neck of a bottle, and through this passage, the waters of the Min River could irrigate the Chengdu Plain in perpetuity. In 256 BCE, after 14 years of arduous labor, the Dujiangyan project was completed. That at least is one received historical account, but it is undeniable that for more than two millennia this irrigation project has been in use on the Chengdu Plain.}}</ref> === Kyauta === Bayan an gama tsarin, babu wani ambaliyar ruwa da ta faru.Ruwa ya sanya Sichuan yankin noma mafi yawan amfanin gona a kasar Sin na wani lokaci.An kuma yaba da ginin tare da ba wa mutanen yankin halin da ya dace da rayuwa; <ref name="laTimes1">{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Don |date=February 8, 2006 |title=People's Party Animals |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/columnone/la-fi-chinaparty8feb08,1,7457737.story?page=2&coll=la-headlines-columnone |access-date=April 22, 2008 |website=Los Angeles Times |quote=[Luo Xinben, a professor at Southwest University for Nationalities] and other scholars say Chengdu's laid-back culture was spawned by its 2-millennium-old irrigation system.}}</ref> ta hanyar kawar da bala'i da tabbatar da girbi na yau da kullun da yawa, ya bar su da isasshen lokacin kyauta. <ref name="laTimes2">{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Don |date=February 8, 2006 |title=People's Party Animals |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/columnone/la-fi-chinaparty8feb08,1,7457737.story?page=2&coll=la-headlines-columnone |access-date=April 22, 2008 |website=Los Angeles Times |quote=[Tan Jihe, a researcher at the Sichuan Provincial Academy of Social Sciences] says Du Jiang Yan, and Chengdu's fertile soil and moist air, made it easy to plant rice, corn, potatoes and a rich assortment of citrus and other fruits, giving farmers not only good harvests but also plenty of time for leisure.}}</ref> Turmoil surrounding the conquering of Chengdu by peasant rebel leader Zhang Xianzhong in 1644, and the Ming-Qing transition more generally, led to depopulation and the deterioration of the Dujiangyan irrigation system to the point where rice cultivation was set back for decades.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yuan |first=Shang |last2=Schmitt |first2=Edwin |date=2023 |title=The Retreat of the Human: Processes of Rewilding after Warfare in Sichuan, China |url=https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/whp/eh/2023/00000029/00000001/art00008 |journal=Environment and History |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=109–131 |bibcode=2023EnHis..29..109Y |doi=10.3197/096734020X15900760737310 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> The original Dujiangyan irrigation system was destroyed by the 1933 Diexi earthquake. The current Dujiangyan irrigation system was rebuilt after the Diexi earthquake in 1933 by Zhang Yuan (张沅) and his sons, including Zhang Shiling (张世龄).{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2021}} A shekara ta 2000, Dujiangyan ya zama [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Gidan Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO]].A yau ya zama babban abin jan hankali ga masu yawon bude ido. === Girgizar kasa ta Sichuan ta 2008 === On May 12, 2008, a massive earthquake struck a vast portion of west Sichuan, including the Dujiangyan area. Initial reports indicated that the Yuzui Levee was cracked but not severely damaged. Diversion of flow could still be seen as the river turns.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2021}} === Shugaban ban ruwa === Tsarin ban ruwa ya kunshi manyan gine-gine guda uku waɗanda ke aiki cikin jituwa da juna don tabbatar da ambaliyar ruwa da kiyaye filayen da ruwa: '''Yuzui''' ko Fish Mouth Levee <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dujiangyan City Archives |date=2021-07-07 |title=都江堰鱼嘴指什么？ |trans-title=What does Dujiangyan fish mouth mean? |url=http://www.djy.gov.cn/dyjgb_rmzfwz/c129463/2021-07/07/content_d39af6eaf11949e2b0bb1517d7034d1e.shtml |archive-date= |website=Dujiangyan Municipal People's Government}}</ref> ''' (Sinanci: 鱼嘴) ''', mai suna saboda kansa mai laushi wanda aka ce yayi kama da bakin kifi, shine mahimmin bangare na ginin.Ruwa ce ta wucin gadi wacce ke raba ruwa zuwa rafi na ciki da na waje.<ref name="tctFishMouth1">{{Cite web |title=At The Fish Mouth Water-Dividing Dam |url=http://www.travelchinatour.com/sichuan-china/dujiangyan-irrigation-system-2.html |access-date=April 20, 2008 |publisher=travelchinatour.com |quote=The Fish Mouth Water-Dividing Dam is built in the middle of the river. It is the main part of Dujiangyan Irrigation system. The Fish mouth functions to divide the river into an inner canal and an outer canal. Long ago, when Li Ping worked as the local governor of the Shu State, he found the old river canal was too narrow to hold much water, which often overflowed the banks and caused disastrous floods. Based on natural geographic conditions, Li Bing organized the people to build a man-made dam. The whole dam looks like a fish, and the front dam has a circular cone shaped like a fish mouth.}}</ref> Kogin na ciki yana da zurfi kuma yana da ƙunci, yayin da kogin na waje ba shi da zurfi amma yana da faɗi.Wannan tsari na musamman yana tabbatar da cewa rafin ciki yana ɗaukar kusan kashi 60% na kwararar kogin cikin tsarin ban ruwa a lokacin rani.Yayinda yake a lokacin ambaliyar ruwa, wannan adadin ya ragu zuwa 40% don kare mutane daga ambaliyar.Kogin na waje yana fitar da sauran, yana fitar da yawancin laka da laka.<ref name="tctFishMouth2">{{Cite web |title=At The Fish Mouth Water-Dividing Dam |url=http://www.travelchinatour.com/sichuan-china/dujiangyan-irrigation-system-2.html |access-date=April 20, 2008 |publisher=travelchinatour.com |quote=It is the dam that diverts water into the outer canal and the inner canal. The inner water canal functions as the main stream for irrigation purposes; the outer river is mainly used to drain excessive water and sand. During flood seasons the inner canal holds 40 percent of the water in the river, and 60 percent of the water flows into the outer river. It is vice versa in dry seasons. About 80 percent of the silt is carried away along the outer river.}}</ref> '''Feishayan''' ko '''Flying Sand Weir (Sinanci) ''' yana da budewar mita 200 (660 wanda ke haɗa koguna na ciki da na waje.<ref name="tctFlyingSandFence1">{{Cite web |title=At the Flying Sand Fence |url=http://www.travelchinatour.com/sichuan-china/dujiangyan-irrigation-system-2.html |access-date=April 20, 2008 |publisher=travelchinatour.com |quote=The water flows along the inner canal towards the Bottle-Neck Channel. On the way it passes the Flying Sand Fence, which has a {{convert|200|m|ft|adj=mid|sp=us}}-wide opening from south to north. The Fence joins the inner and outer canals. The fence functions to control the flow of water and discharge excess into the outer canal from the inner canal.}}</ref> Wannan yana tabbatar da ambaliyar ruwa ta hanyar ba da izinin ruwa mai juyawa na halitta don fitar da ruwa mai yawa daga ciki zuwa rafi na waje.Har ila yau, juyawa yana fitar da laka da laka wanda ya kasa shiga cikin rafin waje.Wani karamin ƙarfe na zamani ya maye gurbin kwando na bamboo na asali.<ref name="tctFlyingSandFence2">{{Cite web |title=At the Flying Sand Fence |url=http://www.travelchinatour.com/sichuan-china/dujiangyan-irrigation-system-2.html |access-date=April 20, 2008 |publisher=travelchinatour.com |quote=During the dry seasons the fence doesn't work much, but when floods occur, the river rushes forward along the inner canal. As it approaches the fence, the river begins to turn fast, and soon many whirlpools are formed. The whirlpools change quickly, swee-ping away sand and pebbles, and throwing them into the outer canal. During the flood seasons, this spillway transports 80 percent of the sediments into the outer river, and at the same time excessive water flows over the Flying Sands Fence into the outer river. In ancient times, there was no cement in use. Instead, huge bamboo cages were used as the fence. They were filled with stones and pebbles. However, at present, a reinforced concrete weir has replaced the ancient fence.}}</ref> '''Baopingkou''' ko Bottle-Neck Channel (Sinanci: 宝瓶口), wanda aka yi amfani da shi ta dutsen, shine ɓangaren ƙarshe na tsarin.Tashar tana rarraba ruwa zuwa gonakin da ke cikin Filayen Chengdu, yayin da ƙofar ƙofar, wacce ke ba ta sunanta, tana aiki azaman ƙofar dubawa, tana haifar da kwararar ruwa wanda ke ɗaukar ruwa mai yawa a kan Flying Sand Fence, don tabbatar da ambaliyar ruwa.<ref name="tctBottleNeckChannel1">{{Cite web |title=At the Bottle-Neck Channel |url=http://www.travelchinatour.com/sichuan-china/dujiangyan-irrigation-system-2.html |access-date=April 20, 2008 |publisher=travelchinatour.com |quote=The inner canal leads to the Bottleneck Channel, which is the entrance of the extensive irrigation system. A trunk canal cuts the mountain into two parts. The small part was later called Li Dui, which means an isolated hill. Chengdu looks like a large bottle, and the trunk canal between the mountain and the hill takes the shape of a bottleneck. During the flood seasons, the water will not overflow into the trunk canal. Instead, it flows in whirlpools into the outer canal. The trunk canal works as a check gate to safeguard the Chengdu Plain.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=世界文化遗产——青城山 都江堰 |url=http://www.gov.cn/test/2006-03/29/content_239215.htm |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=www.gov.cn}}</ref> === Manazarta === [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bfnywlkc21a015s0lyfucrpfgaju6ut 975147 974930 2026-11-02T10:29:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 975147 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The '''Dujiangyan''' (Chinese: 都江堰; pinyin: Dūjiāngyàn) is an ancient hydraulic engineering system in Dujiangyan City, Sichuan, [[Sin|China]]. Originally constructed around 256 BC by the State of Qin as an [[Ban ruwa|irrigation]] and [[Gudanar da ambaliyar ruwa|flood control]] project, it is still in use today. The system's infrastructure develops on the Min River (Minjiang), one of the longest tributaries of the Yangtze. The area is in the west part of the [[Chengdu]] Plain, between the Sichuan Basin and the [[Filin Tibet|Tibetan Plateau]]. Originally, the Min would rush down from the Min Mountains and slow down abruptly after reaching the Chengdu Plain, filling the watercourse with silt, thus making the nearby areas extremely prone to floods. King Zhao of Qin commissioned the project, and the construction of the Dujiangyan harnessed the river using a new method of channeling and dividing the water rather than simply damming it. The water management scheme is still in use today to irrigate over {{Convert|5,300|km2}} of land in the region and has produced comprehensive benefits in flood control, irrigation, water transport and general water consumption.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=UNESCO World Heritage |title=Mount Qingcheng and the Dujiangyan Irrigation System |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1001/ |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref> Begun over 2,250 years ago, it now irrigates 668,700 hectares of farmland. The Dujiangyan, the Zhengguo Canal in Shaanxi and the Lingqu Canal in Guangxi are collectively known as the "three great hydraulic engineering projects of the Qin".  An sanya tsarin ban ruwa na Dujiangyan a cikin jerin abubuwan tarihi na duniya a cikin shekara ta 2000.Har ila yau, an ayyana shi a matsayin Shafin da aka Kare na Jiha, daga cikin rukunin farko na Yankunan Scenic na Kasa da Sites na Tarihi, da Yankin Nuni na ISO14000 na Kasa.<ref name=":0" /> == Tarihi == === Shirye-shiryen === A Lokacin Yaki Jihohi, mutanen da ke zaune a yankin Kogin Min sun sha wahala daga ambaliyar shekara-shekara.Masanin ilimin ruwa na Qin Li Bing ya bincika matsalar kuma ya gano cewa kogin ya kumbura ne ta hanyar ruwan da ke narkewa da sauri daga tsaunuka na cikin gida wanda ya fashe bankunan lokacin da ya kai ga jinkirin motsi da kuma yaduwar da ke ƙasa.[1] Ɗaya daga cikin mafita zai kasance gina [[Madatsar ruwa|madatsar]] Ruwa, amma Qin yana so ya ci gaba da buɗe hanyar ruwa don jiragen soja don samar da sojoji a kan iyaka, <ref name="anuTaming1">{{Cite web |last=China Heritage Project |title=Taming the Floodwaters |url=http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=001_water.inc&issue=001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719025120/http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=001_water.inc&issue=001 |archive-date=July 19, 2011 |access-date=April 22, 2008 |publisher=The Australian National University |quote=Li Bing was commissioned to conduct an extensive hydraulic survey to regulate the unpredictable course of the swiftly flowing spring-thaw waters of the Min River that regularly flooded areas and settlements on the plains around Chengdu, and simultaneously ensure that the Min River flowed unimpeded through Chengdu, facilitating navigation by military vessels that could service Qin's logistical supply lines.}}</ref> don haka a maimakon haka an gina wani shinge na wucin gadi don sake jagorantar wani ɓangare na kwararar kogin sannan kuma ya yanke tashar ta Dutsen Yulei don fitar da ruwa mai yawa a kan busassun Chengdu Plain bayan. <ref name="anuTaming2">{{Cite web |last=China Heritage Project |title=Taming the Floodwaters |url=http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=001_water.inc&issue=001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719025120/http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=001_water.inc&issue=001 |archive-date=July 19, 2011 |access-date=April 22, 2008 |publisher=The Australian National University |quote=By 270 BCE he had drawn up plans to mitigate the Min River's floodwaters for year-round irrigation on the Chengdu Plain and navigability to Chengdu. The original plan called for the construction of weirs or levees to harness the Min River at Dujiangyan, where the hills meet the Chengdu Plain, and of a diversion channel to irrigate the plain that would cut straight through the natural barrier posed by Mount Jian.}}</ref> === Gine-gine === Sarki Zhao na Qin ya ware 100,000 taels na azurfa don aikin kuma ya aika da ƙungiyar da aka ce sun kai dubban dubbai.An gina madatsar ruwa ne daga dogon kwando mai kama da sausage na bamboo cike da duwatsu da aka sani da Zhulong wanda aka gudanar da shi ta hanyar katako da aka sani le Macha. Ginin wani ruwa mai kama da bakin kifi ya ɗauki shekaru huɗu don kammalawa.<ref name="anuTaming3">{{Cite web |last=China Heritage Project |title=Taming the Floodwaters |url=http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=001_water.inc&issue=001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719025120/http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=001_water.inc&issue=001 |archive-date=July 19, 2011 |access-date=April 22, 2008 |publisher=The Australian National University |quote=In 268 BCE, Li Bing is said to have personally led ten of thousands of workers in the initial stage of construction on the Min River banks. The workers made bamboo cages and threw cages of rocks into the middle of the river. It took them four years to complete a water-diversion levee resembling a fish's mouth. When the water reaches Yuzu, the 'fish's mouth,' it is naturally diverted into the inner and outer flows. The inner flow is the diversion channel that leads to Chengdu.}}</ref> Yanke tashar ya zama babbar matsala, kamar yadda kayan aikin hannu da ake samu a lokacin, kafin kirkirar gunpowder, zai ɗauki shekaru da yawa don yanka dutsen.Li Bing ya kirkiro wata hanya mai basira ta amfani da wuta da ruwa don saurin zafi da sanyaya duwatsu, yana sa su fashe kuma ya ba su damar cire su cikin sauƙi.<ref name="anuTaming4">{{Cite web |last=China Heritage Project |title=Taming the Floodwaters |url=http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=001_water.inc&issue=001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719025120/http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=001_water.inc&issue=001 |archive-date=July 19, 2011 |access-date=April 22, 2008 |publisher=The Australian National University |quote=Prior to the invention of gunpowder, manual labourers using only drill rods and stone hammers would have taken 30 years to cut through the mountain. Qin military planners required more immediate results, so Li Bing proposed using the expeditious and simple technology of using controlled blazes to scorch the rocks and then dousing them with cold water. The seemingly limitless forest resources of the region at that time – evidence of which is provided by the Shu kingdom period tree trunk coffins recently unearthed in downtown Chengdu – made such an option possible. King Zhao of Qin allocated 100,000 taels of silver for the project.}}</ref> Bayan shekaru takwas na aiki, an yi amfani da tashar da ke da faɗin mita 20 (66 a cikin dutsen.<ref name="anuTaming5">{{Cite web |last=China Heritage Project |title=Taming the Floodwaters |url=http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=001_water.inc&issue=001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719025120/http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/features.php?searchterm=001_water.inc&issue=001 |archive-date=July 19, 2011 |access-date=April 22, 2008 |publisher=The Australian National University |quote=It took a further eight years to cut through the mountain, and the {{convert|20|m|adj=on|sp=us}}-wide culvert allows the water to flow into the Chengdu Plain. The key part of the project was the diversion gate called Baopingkou that resembles the neck of a bottle, and through this passage, the waters of the Min River could irrigate the Chengdu Plain in perpetuity. In 256 BCE, after 14 years of arduous labor, the Dujiangyan project was completed. That at least is one received historical account, but it is undeniable that for more than two millennia this irrigation project has been in use on the Chengdu Plain.}}</ref> === Kyauta === Bayan an gama tsarin, babu wani ambaliyar ruwa da ta faru.Ruwa ya sanya Sichuan yankin noma mafi yawan amfanin gona a kasar Sin na wani lokaci.An kuma yaba da ginin tare da ba wa mutanen yankin halin da ya dace da rayuwa; <ref name="laTimes1">{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Don |date=February 8, 2006 |title=People's Party Animals |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/columnone/la-fi-chinaparty8feb08,1,7457737.story?page=2&coll=la-headlines-columnone |access-date=April 22, 2008 |website=Los Angeles Times |quote=[Luo Xinben, a professor at Southwest University for Nationalities] and other scholars say Chengdu's laid-back culture was spawned by its 2-millennium-old irrigation system.}}</ref> ta hanyar kawar da bala'i da tabbatar da girbi na yau da kullun da yawa, ya bar su da isasshen lokacin kyauta. <ref name="laTimes2">{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Don |date=February 8, 2006 |title=People's Party Animals |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/columnone/la-fi-chinaparty8feb08,1,7457737.story?page=2&coll=la-headlines-columnone |access-date=April 22, 2008 |website=Los Angeles Times |quote=[Tan Jihe, a researcher at the Sichuan Provincial Academy of Social Sciences] says Du Jiang Yan, and Chengdu's fertile soil and moist air, made it easy to plant rice, corn, potatoes and a rich assortment of citrus and other fruits, giving farmers not only good harvests but also plenty of time for leisure.}}</ref> Turmoil surrounding the conquering of Chengdu by peasant rebel leader Zhang Xianzhong in 1644, and the Ming-Qing transition more generally, led to depopulation and the deterioration of the Dujiangyan irrigation system to the point where rice cultivation was set back for decades.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yuan |first=Shang |last2=Schmitt |first2=Edwin |date=2023 |title=The Retreat of the Human: Processes of Rewilding after Warfare in Sichuan, China |url=https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/whp/eh/2023/00000029/00000001/art00008 |journal=Environment and History |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=109–131 |bibcode=2023EnHis..29..109Y |doi=10.3197/096734020X15900760737310 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> The original Dujiangyan irrigation system was destroyed by the 1933 Diexi earthquake. The current Dujiangyan irrigation system was rebuilt after the Diexi earthquake in 1933 by Zhang Yuan (张沅) and his sons, including Zhang Shiling (张世龄).{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2021}} A shekara ta 2000, Dujiangyan ya zama [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|Gidan Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO]].A yau ya zama babban abin jan hankali ga masu yawon bude ido. === Girgizar kasa ta Sichuan ta 2008 === On May 12, 2008, a massive earthquake struck a vast portion of west Sichuan, including the Dujiangyan area. Initial reports indicated that the Yuzui Levee was cracked but not severely damaged. Diversion of flow could still be seen as the river turns.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=August 2021}} === Shugaban ban ruwa === Tsarin ban ruwa ya kunshi manyan gine-gine guda uku waɗanda ke aiki cikin jituwa da juna don tabbatar da ambaliyar ruwa da kiyaye filayen da ruwa: '''Yuzui''' ko Fish Mouth Levee <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dujiangyan City Archives |date=2021-07-07 |title=都江堰鱼嘴指什么？ |trans-title=What does Dujiangyan fish mouth mean? |url=http://www.djy.gov.cn/dyjgb_rmzfwz/c129463/2021-07/07/content_d39af6eaf11949e2b0bb1517d7034d1e.shtml |archive-date= |website=Dujiangyan Municipal People's Government}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ''' (Sinanci: 鱼嘴) ''', mai suna saboda kansa mai laushi wanda aka ce yayi kama da bakin kifi, shine mahimmin bangare na ginin.Ruwa ce ta wucin gadi wacce ke raba ruwa zuwa rafi na ciki da na waje.<ref name="tctFishMouth1">{{Cite web |title=At The Fish Mouth Water-Dividing Dam |url=http://www.travelchinatour.com/sichuan-china/dujiangyan-irrigation-system-2.html |access-date=April 20, 2008 |publisher=travelchinatour.com |quote=The Fish Mouth Water-Dividing Dam is built in the middle of the river. It is the main part of Dujiangyan Irrigation system. The Fish mouth functions to divide the river into an inner canal and an outer canal. Long ago, when Li Ping worked as the local governor of the Shu State, he found the old river canal was too narrow to hold much water, which often overflowed the banks and caused disastrous floods. Based on natural geographic conditions, Li Bing organized the people to build a man-made dam. The whole dam looks like a fish, and the front dam has a circular cone shaped like a fish mouth.}}</ref> Kogin na ciki yana da zurfi kuma yana da ƙunci, yayin da kogin na waje ba shi da zurfi amma yana da faɗi.Wannan tsari na musamman yana tabbatar da cewa rafin ciki yana ɗaukar kusan kashi 60% na kwararar kogin cikin tsarin ban ruwa a lokacin rani.Yayinda yake a lokacin ambaliyar ruwa, wannan adadin ya ragu zuwa 40% don kare mutane daga ambaliyar.Kogin na waje yana fitar da sauran, yana fitar da yawancin laka da laka.<ref name="tctFishMouth2">{{Cite web |title=At The Fish Mouth Water-Dividing Dam |url=http://www.travelchinatour.com/sichuan-china/dujiangyan-irrigation-system-2.html |access-date=April 20, 2008 |publisher=travelchinatour.com |quote=It is the dam that diverts water into the outer canal and the inner canal. The inner water canal functions as the main stream for irrigation purposes; the outer river is mainly used to drain excessive water and sand. During flood seasons the inner canal holds 40 percent of the water in the river, and 60 percent of the water flows into the outer river. It is vice versa in dry seasons. About 80 percent of the silt is carried away along the outer river.}}</ref> '''Feishayan''' ko '''Flying Sand Weir (Sinanci) ''' yana da budewar mita 200 (660 wanda ke haɗa koguna na ciki da na waje.<ref name="tctFlyingSandFence1">{{Cite web |title=At the Flying Sand Fence |url=http://www.travelchinatour.com/sichuan-china/dujiangyan-irrigation-system-2.html |access-date=April 20, 2008 |publisher=travelchinatour.com |quote=The water flows along the inner canal towards the Bottle-Neck Channel. On the way it passes the Flying Sand Fence, which has a {{convert|200|m|ft|adj=mid|sp=us}}-wide opening from south to north. The Fence joins the inner and outer canals. The fence functions to control the flow of water and discharge excess into the outer canal from the inner canal.}}</ref> Wannan yana tabbatar da ambaliyar ruwa ta hanyar ba da izinin ruwa mai juyawa na halitta don fitar da ruwa mai yawa daga ciki zuwa rafi na waje.Har ila yau, juyawa yana fitar da laka da laka wanda ya kasa shiga cikin rafin waje.Wani karamin ƙarfe na zamani ya maye gurbin kwando na bamboo na asali.<ref name="tctFlyingSandFence2">{{Cite web |title=At the Flying Sand Fence |url=http://www.travelchinatour.com/sichuan-china/dujiangyan-irrigation-system-2.html |access-date=April 20, 2008 |publisher=travelchinatour.com |quote=During the dry seasons the fence doesn't work much, but when floods occur, the river rushes forward along the inner canal. As it approaches the fence, the river begins to turn fast, and soon many whirlpools are formed. The whirlpools change quickly, swee-ping away sand and pebbles, and throwing them into the outer canal. During the flood seasons, this spillway transports 80 percent of the sediments into the outer river, and at the same time excessive water flows over the Flying Sands Fence into the outer river. In ancient times, there was no cement in use. Instead, huge bamboo cages were used as the fence. They were filled with stones and pebbles. However, at present, a reinforced concrete weir has replaced the ancient fence.}}</ref> '''Baopingkou''' ko Bottle-Neck Channel (Sinanci: 宝瓶口), wanda aka yi amfani da shi ta dutsen, shine ɓangaren ƙarshe na tsarin.Tashar tana rarraba ruwa zuwa gonakin da ke cikin Filayen Chengdu, yayin da ƙofar ƙofar, wacce ke ba ta sunanta, tana aiki azaman ƙofar dubawa, tana haifar da kwararar ruwa wanda ke ɗaukar ruwa mai yawa a kan Flying Sand Fence, don tabbatar da ambaliyar ruwa.<ref name="tctBottleNeckChannel1">{{Cite web |title=At the Bottle-Neck Channel |url=http://www.travelchinatour.com/sichuan-china/dujiangyan-irrigation-system-2.html |access-date=April 20, 2008 |publisher=travelchinatour.com |quote=The inner canal leads to the Bottleneck Channel, which is the entrance of the extensive irrigation system. A trunk canal cuts the mountain into two parts. The small part was later called Li Dui, which means an isolated hill. Chengdu looks like a large bottle, and the trunk canal between the mountain and the hill takes the shape of a bottleneck. During the flood seasons, the water will not overflow into the trunk canal. Instead, it flows in whirlpools into the outer canal. The trunk canal works as a check gate to safeguard the Chengdu Plain.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=世界文化遗产——青城山 都江堰 |url=http://www.gov.cn/test/2006-03/29/content_239215.htm |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=www.gov.cn |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528215146/https://www.gov.cn/test/2006-03/29/content_239215.htm |archive-date=2023-05-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref> === Manazarta === [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9veosevgobcios71x5qbu2xi8x5mz83 0 180501 974952 2026-11-01T18:52:43Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347819163|Itotenaan Henry Ogiri]]" 974952 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Itotenaan Henry Ogiri''' (an haife shi a watan Yulin, 1965), Farfesa ne [[Najeriya|Na Najeriya]] na lissafi a Jami'ar Gregory, Uturu, Jihar Abia (ya ziyarci) kuma Dan siyasa.An nada shi a karkashin majalisar ministocin Siminalayi Fubara a Jihar Rivers kuma a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Tarayya]] wanda ke wakiltar Jihar Rives a cikin Hukumar Jama'a ta Kasa (NPC) ta [[Najeriya]] An zabe shi a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Rivers ta 5 da kuma wurin zama na Majalisar Dokoki ta Jihar Riers ta 6 don wakilin mazabar Jihar Abua / Odual, kafin tsohon shugaban kasar [[Goodluck Jonathan]] ya nada shi a matsayin babban darakta na Kudi da Gudanarwa na Hukumar Raya Nijar Delta (NDDC).<ref name=":R">{{Cite web |last= |date=2025-09-14 |title=dr Henry Ogiri |url=https://romebusinessschool.ng/faculty/dr-henry-ogiri/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=romebusinessschool.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Itotenaan Henry Ogiri (an haife shi a Okolomade Odual, Jihar Rivers, Najeriya) ya sami ilimin firamare a makarantar sakandare ta Jihar sannan ya ci gaba zuwa Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati, Emelego amma ya sami HND a lissafi a makarantar lissafi da karatun gudanarwa, Jos, BA a lissafi da gudanar da kudi a Jami'ar Sunderland, Burtaniya da MBA a Jami'a ta Jihar Riers, Port Harcourt kafin ya ci gaba da Jami'ar Leeds Beckett don M.Sc.da kuma Ph.D. <ref name=":R" /> == Ayyuka == Ogiri ya yi aiki a matsayin mai lissafin kuɗi na Kamfanin, manajan kuɗi, da kuma mai kula da kuɗi a kamfanoni da yawa ciki har da Kamfanin Bottling Company PLC, Reigate Nigeria Ltd, da Afirka Oilfield Services Ltd. Ya kuma horar da Akintola Williams & Co. yanzu Deloitte Tusche Tohmatsu International (Chartered Accountants).Ogiri ya yi aiki a takaice a matsayin janar manajan, Asusun Amincewa na Inshora na Najeriya (NSITF) kafin a nada shi a matsayin babban darakta (Financi da Gudanarwa), [[Hukumar Raya Neja Delta|Hukumar Raya Delta ta Nijar]] (NDDC). A watan Yulin 2023, bayan rantsar da [[Siminalayi Fubara]] a matsayin gwamna an nada shi a matsayin Kwamishinan Wutar Lantarki a cikin Majalisar Zartarwa wanda aka fi sani da Ma'aikatar SiminalayiFubara a Jihar Rivers. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2023, Shugaba [[Bola Tinubu]] ya zaba shi daga cikin 'yan Najeriya ashirin (20) da suka cancanta don aiki a matsayin Kwamishinonin Tarayya a cikin Hukumar Jama'a ta Kasa (NPC) kuma [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya]] ta amince da shi a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-11-22 |title=Tinubu Swears In 17 Federal Commissioners Of National Population Commission |url=https://nationalpopulation.gov.ng/news/tinubu-swears-in-17-federal-commissioners-of-national-population-commission |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=thenationonlineng.net |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2025-03-24 |title=Tinubu Appoints Twenty Federal Commissioners Of The National Population Commission Npc |url=https://statehouse.gov.ng/president-tinubu-appoints-twenty-federal-commissioners-of-the-national-population-commission-npc/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=thenationonlineng.net |language=en-US}}</ref> Ogiri ita ce jagorar Rainbow Coalition a yankin Karamar Hukumar Abua / Odual na Jihar Rivers . Ogiri mai bincike ne, mai bita, kuma marubuci.Ya gabatar da takardun bincike a taron kasa da kasa a Ingila, Turai, da Gabas ta Tsakiya. == Kasantuwar mamba a Farfesa == Shi memba ne na Cibiyar Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN) kuma Mataimakin memba na Cibiyar Harkokin Haraji ta Najeriya (CITN).Ya kasance mai ziyara a Jami'ar Leeds Beckett, Burtaniya (2013 zuwa 2017), kuma malamin baƙo a Cibiyar Gudanarwa, Jagora da Alhakin Duniya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] 9me2tbnogzmvtnh5bnydl4toam8nuvm 974954 974952 2026-11-01T18:53:27Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 974954 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Itotenaan Henry Ogiri''' (an haife shi a watan Yulin, 1965), Farfesa ne [[Najeriya|Na Najeriya]] na lissafi a Jami'ar Gregory, Uturu, Jihar Abia (ya ziyarci) kuma Dan siyasa.An nada shi a karkashin majalisar ministocin Siminalayi Fubara a Jihar Rivers kuma a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Tarayya]] wanda ke wakiltar Jihar Rives a cikin Hukumar Jama'a ta Kasa (NPC) ta [[Najeriya]] An zabe shi a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Rivers ta 5 da kuma wurin zama na Majalisar Dokoki ta Jihar Riers ta 6 don wakilin mazabar Jihar Abua / Odual, kafin tsohon shugaban kasar [[Goodluck Jonathan]] ya nada shi a matsayin babban darakta na Kudi da Gudanarwa na Hukumar Raya Nijar Delta (NDDC).<ref name=":R">{{Cite web |last= |date=2025-09-14 |title=dr Henry Ogiri |url=https://romebusinessschool.ng/faculty/dr-henry-ogiri/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=romebusinessschool.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Itotenaan Henry Ogiri (an haife shi a Okolomade Odual, Jihar Rivers, Najeriya) ya sami ilimin firamare a makarantar sakandare ta Jihar sannan ya ci gaba zuwa Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati, Emelego amma ya sami HND a lissafi a makarantar lissafi da karatun gudanarwa, Jos, BA a lissafi da gudanar da kudi a Jami'ar Sunderland, Burtaniya da MBA a Jami'a ta Jihar Riers, Port Harcourt kafin ya ci gaba da Jami'ar Leeds Beckett don M.Sc.da kuma Ph.D. <ref name=":R" /> == Ayyuka == Ogiri ya yi aiki a matsayin mai lissafin kuɗi na Kamfanin, manajan kuɗi, da kuma mai kula da kuɗi a kamfanoni da yawa ciki har da Kamfanin Bottling Company PLC, Reigate Nigeria Ltd, da Afirka Oilfield Services Ltd. Ya kuma horar da Akintola Williams & Co. yanzu Deloitte Tusche Tohmatsu International (Chartered Accountants).Ogiri ya yi aiki a takaice a matsayin janar manajan, Asusun Amincewa na Inshora na Najeriya (NSITF) kafin a nada shi a matsayin babban darakta (Financi da Gudanarwa), [[Hukumar Raya Neja Delta|Hukumar Raya Delta ta Nijar]] (NDDC). A watan Yulin 2023, bayan rantsar da [[Siminalayi Fubara]] a matsayin gwamna an nada shi a matsayin Kwamishinan Wutar Lantarki a cikin Majalisar Zartarwa wanda aka fi sani da Ma'aikatar SiminalayiFubara a Jihar Rivers. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2023, Shugaba [[Bola Tinubu]] ya zaba shi daga cikin 'yan Najeriya ashirin (20) da suka cancanta don aiki a matsayin Kwamishinonin Tarayya a cikin Hukumar Jama'a ta Kasa (NPC) kuma [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya]] ta amince da shi a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-11-22 |title=Tinubu Swears In 17 Federal Commissioners Of National Population Commission |url=https://nationalpopulation.gov.ng/news/tinubu-swears-in-17-federal-commissioners-of-national-population-commission |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=thenationonlineng.net |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2025-03-24 |title=Tinubu Appoints Twenty Federal Commissioners Of The National Population Commission Npc |url=https://statehouse.gov.ng/president-tinubu-appoints-twenty-federal-commissioners-of-the-national-population-commission-npc/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=thenationonlineng.net |language=en-US}}</ref> Ogiri ita ce jagorar Rainbow Coalition a yankin Karamar Hukumar Abua / Odual na Jihar Rivers . Ogiri mai bincike ne, mai bita, kuma marubuci.Ya gabatar da takardun bincike a taron kasa da kasa a Ingila, Turai, da Gabas ta Tsakiya. == Kasantuwar mamba a Farfesa == Shi memba ne na Cibiyar Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN) kuma Mataimakin memba na Cibiyar Harkokin Haraji ta Najeriya (CITN).Ya kasance mai ziyara a Jami'ar Leeds Beckett, Burtaniya (2013 zuwa 2017), kuma malamin baƙo a Cibiyar Gudanarwa, Jagora da Alhakin Duniya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] 0yjdo1q4aoj94rrh8aqjf1czrd9yi8q 974956 974954 2026-11-01T18:54:26Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 974956 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Itotenaan Henry Ogiri''' (an haife shi a watan Yulin, 1965), Farfesa ne [[Najeriya|Na Najeriya]] na lissafi a Jami'ar Gregory, Uturu, Jihar Abia (ya ziyarci) kuma Dan siyasa.An nada shi a karkashin majalisar ministocin Siminalayi Fubara a Jihar Rivers kuma a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Tarayya]] wanda ke wakiltar Jihar Rives a cikin Hukumar Jama'a ta Kasa (NPC) ta [[Najeriya]]<ref name=":This" >{{Cite news |last=|date=2023-11-13 |title=Henry Ogiri Achieves Full Professorship At Gregory University|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/11/13/henry-ogiri-achieves-full-professorship-at-gregory-university/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[This Day]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":s" /><ref name=":L"/> An zabe shi a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Rivers ta 5 da kuma wurin zama na Majalisar Dokoki ta Jihar Riers ta 6 don wakilin mazabar Jihar Abua / Odual, kafin tsohon shugaban kasar [[Goodluck Jonathan]] ya nada shi a matsayin babban darakta na Kudi da Gudanarwa na Hukumar Raya Nijar Delta (NDDC).<ref name=":R">{{Cite web |last= |date=2025-09-14 |title=dr Henry Ogiri |url=https://romebusinessschool.ng/faculty/dr-henry-ogiri/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=romebusinessschool.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Itotenaan Henry Ogiri (an haife shi a Okolomade Odual, Jihar Rivers, Najeriya) ya sami ilimin firamare a makarantar sakandare ta Jihar sannan ya ci gaba zuwa Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati, Emelego amma ya sami HND a lissafi a makarantar lissafi da karatun gudanarwa, Jos, BA a lissafi da gudanar da kudi a Jami'ar Sunderland, Burtaniya da MBA a Jami'a ta Jihar Riers, Port Harcourt kafin ya ci gaba da Jami'ar Leeds Beckett don M.Sc.da kuma Ph.D. <ref name=":R" /> == Ayyuka == Ogiri ya yi aiki a matsayin mai lissafin kuɗi na Kamfanin, manajan kuɗi, da kuma mai kula da kuɗi a kamfanoni da yawa ciki har da Kamfanin Bottling Company PLC, Reigate Nigeria Ltd, da Afirka Oilfield Services Ltd. Ya kuma horar da Akintola Williams & Co. yanzu Deloitte Tusche Tohmatsu International (Chartered Accountants).Ogiri ya yi aiki a takaice a matsayin janar manajan, Asusun Amincewa na Inshora na Najeriya (NSITF) kafin a nada shi a matsayin babban darakta (Financi da Gudanarwa), [[Hukumar Raya Neja Delta|Hukumar Raya Delta ta Nijar]] (NDDC). A watan Yulin 2023, bayan rantsar da [[Siminalayi Fubara]] a matsayin gwamna an nada shi a matsayin Kwamishinan Wutar Lantarki a cikin Majalisar Zartarwa wanda aka fi sani da Ma'aikatar SiminalayiFubara a Jihar Rivers. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2023, Shugaba [[Bola Tinubu]] ya zaba shi daga cikin 'yan Najeriya ashirin (20) da suka cancanta don aiki a matsayin Kwamishinonin Tarayya a cikin Hukumar Jama'a ta Kasa (NPC) kuma [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya]] ta amince da shi a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-11-22 |title=Tinubu Swears In 17 Federal Commissioners Of National Population Commission |url=https://nationalpopulation.gov.ng/news/tinubu-swears-in-17-federal-commissioners-of-national-population-commission |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=thenationonlineng.net |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2025-03-24 |title=Tinubu Appoints Twenty Federal Commissioners Of The National Population Commission Npc |url=https://statehouse.gov.ng/president-tinubu-appoints-twenty-federal-commissioners-of-the-national-population-commission-npc/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=thenationonlineng.net |language=en-US}}</ref> Ogiri ita ce jagorar Rainbow Coalition a yankin Karamar Hukumar Abua / Odual na Jihar Rivers . Ogiri mai bincike ne, mai bita, kuma marubuci.Ya gabatar da takardun bincike a taron kasa da kasa a Ingila, Turai, da Gabas ta Tsakiya. == Kasantuwar mamba a Farfesa == Shi memba ne na Cibiyar Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN) kuma Mataimakin memba na Cibiyar Harkokin Haraji ta Najeriya (CITN).Ya kasance mai ziyara a Jami'ar Leeds Beckett, Burtaniya (2013 zuwa 2017), kuma malamin baƙo a Cibiyar Gudanarwa, Jagora da Alhakin Duniya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] jo0x9w8t5zk1ijqfuxsvv5wcon1kvb0 974959 974956 2026-11-01T18:55:34Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 974959 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Itotenaan Henry Ogiri''' (an haife shi a watan Yulin, 1965), Farfesa ne [[Najeriya|Na Najeriya]] na lissafi a Jami'ar Gregory, Uturu, Jihar Abia (ya ziyarci) kuma Dan siyasa.An nada shi a karkashin majalisar ministocin Siminalayi Fubara a Jihar Rivers kuma a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Tarayya]] wanda ke wakiltar Jihar Rives a cikin Hukumar Jama'a ta Kasa (NPC) ta [[Najeriya]]<ref name=":This" >{{Cite news |last=|date=2023-11-13 |title=Henry Ogiri Achieves Full Professorship At Gregory University|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/11/13/henry-ogiri-achieves-full-professorship-at-gregory-university/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[This Day]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":s" /><ref name=":L"/> An zabe shi a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Rivers ta 5 da kuma wurin zama na Majalisar Dokoki ta Jihar Riers ta 6 don wakilin mazabar Jihar Abua / Odual, kafin tsohon shugaban kasar [[Goodluck Jonathan]] ya nada shi a matsayin babban darakta na Kudi da Gudanarwa na Hukumar Raya Nijar Delta (NDDC).<ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2013-12-13 |title=Jonathan Appoints Itotenaan Henry Ogiri As Executive Director Of Finance And Administration At Nddc|url=https://dailytimesng.com/jonathan-appoints-itotenaan-henry-ogiri-as-executive-director-of-finance-and-administration-at-nddc/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2016-10-23 |title=Ogiri Ex-nddc Director Dumps Pdp|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/10/ogiri-ex-nddc-director-dumps-pdp/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":T">{{Cite news |last=|date=2013-11-13 |title=Itotenaan Henry Ogiri Former lawmaker Awarded Ican Fellowship|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/itotenaan-henry-ogiri-former-lawmaker-awarded-ican-fellowship/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":R" /> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Itotenaan Henry Ogiri (an haife shi a Okolomade Odual, Jihar Rivers, Najeriya) ya sami ilimin firamare a makarantar sakandare ta Jihar sannan ya ci gaba zuwa Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati, Emelego amma ya sami HND a lissafi a makarantar lissafi da karatun gudanarwa, Jos, BA a lissafi da gudanar da kudi a Jami'ar Sunderland, Burtaniya da MBA a Jami'a ta Jihar Riers, Port Harcourt kafin ya ci gaba da Jami'ar Leeds Beckett don M.Sc.da kuma Ph.D. <ref name=":R" /> == Ayyuka == Ogiri ya yi aiki a matsayin mai lissafin kuɗi na Kamfanin, manajan kuɗi, da kuma mai kula da kuɗi a kamfanoni da yawa ciki har da Kamfanin Bottling Company PLC, Reigate Nigeria Ltd, da Afirka Oilfield Services Ltd. Ya kuma horar da Akintola Williams & Co. yanzu Deloitte Tusche Tohmatsu International (Chartered Accountants).Ogiri ya yi aiki a takaice a matsayin janar manajan, Asusun Amincewa na Inshora na Najeriya (NSITF) kafin a nada shi a matsayin babban darakta (Financi da Gudanarwa), [[Hukumar Raya Neja Delta|Hukumar Raya Delta ta Nijar]] (NDDC). A watan Yulin 2023, bayan rantsar da [[Siminalayi Fubara]] a matsayin gwamna an nada shi a matsayin Kwamishinan Wutar Lantarki a cikin Majalisar Zartarwa wanda aka fi sani da Ma'aikatar SiminalayiFubara a Jihar Rivers. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2023, Shugaba [[Bola Tinubu]] ya zaba shi daga cikin 'yan Najeriya ashirin (20) da suka cancanta don aiki a matsayin Kwamishinonin Tarayya a cikin Hukumar Jama'a ta Kasa (NPC) kuma [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya]] ta amince da shi a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-11-22 |title=Tinubu Swears In 17 Federal Commissioners Of National Population Commission |url=https://nationalpopulation.gov.ng/news/tinubu-swears-in-17-federal-commissioners-of-national-population-commission |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=thenationonlineng.net |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2025-03-24 |title=Tinubu Appoints Twenty Federal Commissioners Of The National Population Commission Npc |url=https://statehouse.gov.ng/president-tinubu-appoints-twenty-federal-commissioners-of-the-national-population-commission-npc/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=thenationonlineng.net |language=en-US}}</ref> Ogiri ita ce jagorar Rainbow Coalition a yankin Karamar Hukumar Abua / Odual na Jihar Rivers . Ogiri mai bincike ne, mai bita, kuma marubuci.Ya gabatar da takardun bincike a taron kasa da kasa a Ingila, Turai, da Gabas ta Tsakiya. == Kasantuwar mamba a Farfesa == Shi memba ne na Cibiyar Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN) kuma Mataimakin memba na Cibiyar Harkokin Haraji ta Najeriya (CITN).Ya kasance mai ziyara a Jami'ar Leeds Beckett, Burtaniya (2013 zuwa 2017), kuma malamin baƙo a Cibiyar Gudanarwa, Jagora da Alhakin Duniya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] 83twfky60pl1woe10t3noq84px34yi5 974960 974959 2026-11-01T18:56:38Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi */ 974960 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Itotenaan Henry Ogiri''' (an haife shi a watan Yulin, 1965), Farfesa ne [[Najeriya|Na Najeriya]] na lissafi a Jami'ar Gregory, Uturu, Jihar Abia (ya ziyarci) kuma Dan siyasa.An nada shi a karkashin majalisar ministocin Siminalayi Fubara a Jihar Rivers kuma a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Tarayya]] wanda ke wakiltar Jihar Rives a cikin Hukumar Jama'a ta Kasa (NPC) ta [[Najeriya]]<ref name=":This" >{{Cite news |last=|date=2023-11-13 |title=Henry Ogiri Achieves Full Professorship At Gregory University|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/11/13/henry-ogiri-achieves-full-professorship-at-gregory-university/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[This Day]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":s" /><ref name=":L"/> An zabe shi a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Rivers ta 5 da kuma wurin zama na Majalisar Dokoki ta Jihar Riers ta 6 don wakilin mazabar Jihar Abua / Odual, kafin tsohon shugaban kasar [[Goodluck Jonathan]] ya nada shi a matsayin babban darakta na Kudi da Gudanarwa na Hukumar Raya Nijar Delta (NDDC).<ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2013-12-13 |title=Jonathan Appoints Itotenaan Henry Ogiri As Executive Director Of Finance And Administration At Nddc|url=https://dailytimesng.com/jonathan-appoints-itotenaan-henry-ogiri-as-executive-director-of-finance-and-administration-at-nddc/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2016-10-23 |title=Ogiri Ex-nddc Director Dumps Pdp|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/10/ogiri-ex-nddc-director-dumps-pdp/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":T">{{Cite news |last=|date=2013-11-13 |title=Itotenaan Henry Ogiri Former lawmaker Awarded Ican Fellowship|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/itotenaan-henry-ogiri-former-lawmaker-awarded-ican-fellowship/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":R" /> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Itotenaan Henry Ogiri (an haife shi a Okolomade Odual, Jihar Rivers, Najeriya) ya sami ilimin firamare a makarantar sakandare ta Jihar sannan ya ci gaba zuwa Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati, Emelego amma ya sami HND a lissafi a makarantar lissafi da karatun gudanarwa, Jos, BA a lissafi da gudanar da kudi a Jami'ar Sunderland, Burtaniya da MBA a Jami'a ta Jihar Riers, Port Harcourt kafin ya ci gaba da Jami'ar Leeds Beckett don M.Sc.da kuma Ph.D.<ref name=":B" >{{Cite news |last=|date=2025-09-14 |title=Ogiris Dual Roles In Academia And Public Administration Highlight Accountability Initiatives|url= https://blueprint.ng/professor-ogiris-dual-roles-in-academia-and-public-administration-highlight-accountability-initiatives/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]|language=en-US|location=Abuja, Nigeria}}</ref><ref name=":R" >{{Cite web |last=|date=2025-09-14 |title=dr Henry Ogiri|url= https://romebusinessschool.ng/faculty/dr-henry-ogiri/|access-date=2023-05-11 |website=romebusinessschool.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ogiri ya yi aiki a matsayin mai lissafin kuɗi na Kamfanin, manajan kuɗi, da kuma mai kula da kuɗi a kamfanoni da yawa ciki har da Kamfanin Bottling Company PLC, Reigate Nigeria Ltd, da Afirka Oilfield Services Ltd. Ya kuma horar da Akintola Williams & Co. yanzu Deloitte Tusche Tohmatsu International (Chartered Accountants).Ogiri ya yi aiki a takaice a matsayin janar manajan, Asusun Amincewa na Inshora na Najeriya (NSITF) kafin a nada shi a matsayin babban darakta (Financi da Gudanarwa), [[Hukumar Raya Neja Delta|Hukumar Raya Delta ta Nijar]] (NDDC). A watan Yulin 2023, bayan rantsar da [[Siminalayi Fubara]] a matsayin gwamna an nada shi a matsayin Kwamishinan Wutar Lantarki a cikin Majalisar Zartarwa wanda aka fi sani da Ma'aikatar SiminalayiFubara a Jihar Rivers. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2023, Shugaba [[Bola Tinubu]] ya zaba shi daga cikin 'yan Najeriya ashirin (20) da suka cancanta don aiki a matsayin Kwamishinonin Tarayya a cikin Hukumar Jama'a ta Kasa (NPC) kuma [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya]] ta amince da shi a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-11-22 |title=Tinubu Swears In 17 Federal Commissioners Of National Population Commission |url=https://nationalpopulation.gov.ng/news/tinubu-swears-in-17-federal-commissioners-of-national-population-commission |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=thenationonlineng.net |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2025-03-24 |title=Tinubu Appoints Twenty Federal Commissioners Of The National Population Commission Npc |url=https://statehouse.gov.ng/president-tinubu-appoints-twenty-federal-commissioners-of-the-national-population-commission-npc/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=thenationonlineng.net |language=en-US}}</ref> Ogiri ita ce jagorar Rainbow Coalition a yankin Karamar Hukumar Abua / Odual na Jihar Rivers . Ogiri mai bincike ne, mai bita, kuma marubuci.Ya gabatar da takardun bincike a taron kasa da kasa a Ingila, Turai, da Gabas ta Tsakiya. == Kasantuwar mamba a Farfesa == Shi memba ne na Cibiyar Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN) kuma Mataimakin memba na Cibiyar Harkokin Haraji ta Najeriya (CITN).Ya kasance mai ziyara a Jami'ar Leeds Beckett, Burtaniya (2013 zuwa 2017), kuma malamin baƙo a Cibiyar Gudanarwa, Jagora da Alhakin Duniya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] 6xkel80vhw4ysin8vshm4bwalgchdcb 974961 974960 2026-11-01T18:57:39Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Ayyuka */ 974961 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Itotenaan Henry Ogiri''' (an haife shi a watan Yulin, 1965), Farfesa ne [[Najeriya|Na Najeriya]] na lissafi a Jami'ar Gregory, Uturu, Jihar Abia (ya ziyarci) kuma Dan siyasa.An nada shi a karkashin majalisar ministocin Siminalayi Fubara a Jihar Rivers kuma a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Tarayya]] wanda ke wakiltar Jihar Rives a cikin Hukumar Jama'a ta Kasa (NPC) ta [[Najeriya]]<ref name=":This" >{{Cite news |last=|date=2023-11-13 |title=Henry Ogiri Achieves Full Professorship At Gregory University|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/11/13/henry-ogiri-achieves-full-professorship-at-gregory-university/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[This Day]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":s" /><ref name=":L"/> An zabe shi a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Rivers ta 5 da kuma wurin zama na Majalisar Dokoki ta Jihar Riers ta 6 don wakilin mazabar Jihar Abua / Odual, kafin tsohon shugaban kasar [[Goodluck Jonathan]] ya nada shi a matsayin babban darakta na Kudi da Gudanarwa na Hukumar Raya Nijar Delta (NDDC).<ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2013-12-13 |title=Jonathan Appoints Itotenaan Henry Ogiri As Executive Director Of Finance And Administration At Nddc|url=https://dailytimesng.com/jonathan-appoints-itotenaan-henry-ogiri-as-executive-director-of-finance-and-administration-at-nddc/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2016-10-23 |title=Ogiri Ex-nddc Director Dumps Pdp|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/10/ogiri-ex-nddc-director-dumps-pdp/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":T">{{Cite news |last=|date=2013-11-13 |title=Itotenaan Henry Ogiri Former lawmaker Awarded Ican Fellowship|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/itotenaan-henry-ogiri-former-lawmaker-awarded-ican-fellowship/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":R" /> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Itotenaan Henry Ogiri (an haife shi a Okolomade Odual, Jihar Rivers, Najeriya) ya sami ilimin firamare a makarantar sakandare ta Jihar sannan ya ci gaba zuwa Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati, Emelego amma ya sami HND a lissafi a makarantar lissafi da karatun gudanarwa, Jos, BA a lissafi da gudanar da kudi a Jami'ar Sunderland, Burtaniya da MBA a Jami'a ta Jihar Riers, Port Harcourt kafin ya ci gaba da Jami'ar Leeds Beckett don M.Sc.da kuma Ph.D.<ref name=":B" >{{Cite news |last=|date=2025-09-14 |title=Ogiris Dual Roles In Academia And Public Administration Highlight Accountability Initiatives|url= https://blueprint.ng/professor-ogiris-dual-roles-in-academia-and-public-administration-highlight-accountability-initiatives/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]|language=en-US|location=Abuja, Nigeria}}</ref><ref name=":R" >{{Cite web |last=|date=2025-09-14 |title=dr Henry Ogiri|url= https://romebusinessschool.ng/faculty/dr-henry-ogiri/|access-date=2023-05-11 |website=romebusinessschool.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ogiri ya yi aiki a matsayin mai lissafin kuɗi na Kamfanin, manajan kuɗi, da kuma mai kula da kuɗi a kamfanoni da yawa ciki har da Kamfanin Bottling Company PLC, Reigate Nigeria Ltd, da Afirka Oilfield Services Ltd. Ya kuma horar da Akintola Williams & Co. yanzu Deloitte Tusche Tohmatsu International (Chartered Accountants).Ogiri ya yi aiki a takaice a matsayin janar manajan, Asusun Amincewa na Inshora na Najeriya (NSITF) kafin a nada shi a matsayin babban darakta (Financi da Gudanarwa), [[Hukumar Raya Neja Delta|Hukumar Raya Delta ta Nijar]] (NDDC).<ref name=":T" /><ref name=":B" /> A watan Yulin 2023, bayan rantsar da [[Siminalayi Fubara]] a matsayin gwamna an nada shi a matsayin Kwamishinan Wutar Lantarki a cikin Majalisar Zartarwa wanda aka fi sani da Ma'aikatar SiminalayiFubara a Jihar Rivers. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2023, Shugaba [[Bola Tinubu]] ya zaba shi daga cikin 'yan Najeriya ashirin (20) da suka cancanta don aiki a matsayin Kwamishinonin Tarayya a cikin Hukumar Jama'a ta Kasa (NPC) kuma [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya]] ta amince da shi a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-11-22 |title=Tinubu Swears In 17 Federal Commissioners Of National Population Commission |url=https://nationalpopulation.gov.ng/news/tinubu-swears-in-17-federal-commissioners-of-national-population-commission |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=thenationonlineng.net |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2025-03-24 |title=Tinubu Appoints Twenty Federal Commissioners Of The National Population Commission Npc |url=https://statehouse.gov.ng/president-tinubu-appoints-twenty-federal-commissioners-of-the-national-population-commission-npc/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=thenationonlineng.net |language=en-US}}</ref> Ogiri ita ce jagorar Rainbow Coalition a yankin Karamar Hukumar Abua / Odual na Jihar Rivers . Ogiri mai bincike ne, mai bita, kuma marubuci.Ya gabatar da takardun bincike a taron kasa da kasa a Ingila, Turai, da Gabas ta Tsakiya. == Kasantuwar mamba a Farfesa == Shi memba ne na Cibiyar Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN) kuma Mataimakin memba na Cibiyar Harkokin Haraji ta Najeriya (CITN).Ya kasance mai ziyara a Jami'ar Leeds Beckett, Burtaniya (2013 zuwa 2017), kuma malamin baƙo a Cibiyar Gudanarwa, Jagora da Alhakin Duniya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] 9s6dlwc464elreia4ikh89fdrl3npmu 974962 974961 2026-11-01T18:58:51Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Ayyuka */ 974962 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Itotenaan Henry Ogiri''' (an haife shi a watan Yulin, 1965), Farfesa ne [[Najeriya|Na Najeriya]] na lissafi a Jami'ar Gregory, Uturu, Jihar Abia (ya ziyarci) kuma Dan siyasa.An nada shi a karkashin majalisar ministocin Siminalayi Fubara a Jihar Rivers kuma a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Tarayya]] wanda ke wakiltar Jihar Rives a cikin Hukumar Jama'a ta Kasa (NPC) ta [[Najeriya]]<ref name=":This" >{{Cite news |last=|date=2023-11-13 |title=Henry Ogiri Achieves Full Professorship At Gregory University|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/11/13/henry-ogiri-achieves-full-professorship-at-gregory-university/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[This Day]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":s" /><ref name=":L"/> An zabe shi a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Rivers ta 5 da kuma wurin zama na Majalisar Dokoki ta Jihar Riers ta 6 don wakilin mazabar Jihar Abua / Odual, kafin tsohon shugaban kasar [[Goodluck Jonathan]] ya nada shi a matsayin babban darakta na Kudi da Gudanarwa na Hukumar Raya Nijar Delta (NDDC).<ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2013-12-13 |title=Jonathan Appoints Itotenaan Henry Ogiri As Executive Director Of Finance And Administration At Nddc|url=https://dailytimesng.com/jonathan-appoints-itotenaan-henry-ogiri-as-executive-director-of-finance-and-administration-at-nddc/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2016-10-23 |title=Ogiri Ex-nddc Director Dumps Pdp|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/10/ogiri-ex-nddc-director-dumps-pdp/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":T">{{Cite news |last=|date=2013-11-13 |title=Itotenaan Henry Ogiri Former lawmaker Awarded Ican Fellowship|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/itotenaan-henry-ogiri-former-lawmaker-awarded-ican-fellowship/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":R" /> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Itotenaan Henry Ogiri (an haife shi a Okolomade Odual, Jihar Rivers, Najeriya) ya sami ilimin firamare a makarantar sakandare ta Jihar sannan ya ci gaba zuwa Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati, Emelego amma ya sami HND a lissafi a makarantar lissafi da karatun gudanarwa, Jos, BA a lissafi da gudanar da kudi a Jami'ar Sunderland, Burtaniya da MBA a Jami'a ta Jihar Riers, Port Harcourt kafin ya ci gaba da Jami'ar Leeds Beckett don M.Sc.da kuma Ph.D.<ref name=":B" >{{Cite news |last=|date=2025-09-14 |title=Ogiris Dual Roles In Academia And Public Administration Highlight Accountability Initiatives|url= https://blueprint.ng/professor-ogiris-dual-roles-in-academia-and-public-administration-highlight-accountability-initiatives/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]|language=en-US|location=Abuja, Nigeria}}</ref><ref name=":R" >{{Cite web |last=|date=2025-09-14 |title=dr Henry Ogiri|url= https://romebusinessschool.ng/faculty/dr-henry-ogiri/|access-date=2023-05-11 |website=romebusinessschool.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ogiri ya yi aiki a matsayin mai lissafin kuɗi na Kamfanin, manajan kuɗi, da kuma mai kula da kuɗi a kamfanoni da yawa ciki har da Kamfanin Bottling Company PLC, Reigate Nigeria Ltd, da Afirka Oilfield Services Ltd. Ya kuma horar da Akintola Williams & Co. yanzu Deloitte Tusche Tohmatsu International (Chartered Accountants).Ogiri ya yi aiki a takaice a matsayin janar manajan, Asusun Amincewa na Inshora na Najeriya (NSITF) kafin a nada shi a matsayin babban darakta (Financi da Gudanarwa), [[Hukumar Raya Neja Delta|Hukumar Raya Delta ta Nijar]] (NDDC).<ref name=":T" /><ref name=":B" /> A watan Yulin 2023, bayan rantsar da [[Siminalayi Fubara]] a matsayin gwamna an nada shi a matsayin Kwamishinan Wutar Lantarki a cikin Majalisar Zartarwa wanda aka fi sani da Ma'aikatar SiminalayiFubara a Jihar Rivers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2025-03-24 |title=Ogiri Counters Nwaekes Wifes Claims On Husbands Whereabouts|url= https://thenationonlineng.net/ogiri-counters-nwaekes-wifes-claims-on-husbands-whereabouts/|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}</ref><ref name=":s" >{{Cite news |last=|date=2023-10-17 |title=Itotenaan Henry Ogiri Sworn In As Commissioner Of Power Rivers State|url=https://thesun.ng/itotenaan-henry-ogiri-sworn-in-as-commissioner-of-power-rivers-state/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2023, Shugaba [[Bola Tinubu]] ya zaba shi daga cikin 'yan Najeriya ashirin (20) da suka cancanta don aiki a matsayin Kwamishinonin Tarayya a cikin Hukumar Jama'a ta Kasa (NPC) kuma [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya]] ta amince da shi a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-11-22 |title=Tinubu Swears In 17 Federal Commissioners Of National Population Commission |url=https://nationalpopulation.gov.ng/news/tinubu-swears-in-17-federal-commissioners-of-national-population-commission |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=thenationonlineng.net |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2025-03-24 |title=Tinubu Appoints Twenty Federal Commissioners Of The National Population Commission Npc |url=https://statehouse.gov.ng/president-tinubu-appoints-twenty-federal-commissioners-of-the-national-population-commission-npc/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=thenationonlineng.net |language=en-US}}</ref> Ogiri ita ce jagorar Rainbow Coalition a yankin Karamar Hukumar Abua / Odual na Jihar Rivers . Ogiri mai bincike ne, mai bita, kuma marubuci.Ya gabatar da takardun bincike a taron kasa da kasa a Ingila, Turai, da Gabas ta Tsakiya. == Kasantuwar mamba a Farfesa == Shi memba ne na Cibiyar Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN) kuma Mataimakin memba na Cibiyar Harkokin Haraji ta Najeriya (CITN).Ya kasance mai ziyara a Jami'ar Leeds Beckett, Burtaniya (2013 zuwa 2017), kuma malamin baƙo a Cibiyar Gudanarwa, Jagora da Alhakin Duniya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] rdhkkypp74zuoavbsrcsk4fkfug324w 974965 974962 2026-11-01T19:00:35Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Ayyuka */ 974965 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Itotenaan Henry Ogiri''' (an haife shi a watan Yulin, 1965), Farfesa ne [[Najeriya|Na Najeriya]] na lissafi a Jami'ar Gregory, Uturu, Jihar Abia (ya ziyarci) kuma Dan siyasa.An nada shi a karkashin majalisar ministocin Siminalayi Fubara a Jihar Rivers kuma a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Tarayya]] wanda ke wakiltar Jihar Rives a cikin Hukumar Jama'a ta Kasa (NPC) ta [[Najeriya]]<ref name=":This" >{{Cite news |last=|date=2023-11-13 |title=Henry Ogiri Achieves Full Professorship At Gregory University|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/11/13/henry-ogiri-achieves-full-professorship-at-gregory-university/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[This Day]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":s" /><ref name=":L"/> An zabe shi a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Rivers ta 5 da kuma wurin zama na Majalisar Dokoki ta Jihar Riers ta 6 don wakilin mazabar Jihar Abua / Odual, kafin tsohon shugaban kasar [[Goodluck Jonathan]] ya nada shi a matsayin babban darakta na Kudi da Gudanarwa na Hukumar Raya Nijar Delta (NDDC).<ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2013-12-13 |title=Jonathan Appoints Itotenaan Henry Ogiri As Executive Director Of Finance And Administration At Nddc|url=https://dailytimesng.com/jonathan-appoints-itotenaan-henry-ogiri-as-executive-director-of-finance-and-administration-at-nddc/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2016-10-23 |title=Ogiri Ex-nddc Director Dumps Pdp|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/10/ogiri-ex-nddc-director-dumps-pdp/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":T">{{Cite news |last=|date=2013-11-13 |title=Itotenaan Henry Ogiri Former lawmaker Awarded Ican Fellowship|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/itotenaan-henry-ogiri-former-lawmaker-awarded-ican-fellowship/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":R" /> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Itotenaan Henry Ogiri (an haife shi a Okolomade Odual, Jihar Rivers, Najeriya) ya sami ilimin firamare a makarantar sakandare ta Jihar sannan ya ci gaba zuwa Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati, Emelego amma ya sami HND a lissafi a makarantar lissafi da karatun gudanarwa, Jos, BA a lissafi da gudanar da kudi a Jami'ar Sunderland, Burtaniya da MBA a Jami'a ta Jihar Riers, Port Harcourt kafin ya ci gaba da Jami'ar Leeds Beckett don M.Sc.da kuma Ph.D.<ref name=":B" >{{Cite news |last=|date=2025-09-14 |title=Ogiris Dual Roles In Academia And Public Administration Highlight Accountability Initiatives|url= https://blueprint.ng/professor-ogiris-dual-roles-in-academia-and-public-administration-highlight-accountability-initiatives/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]|language=en-US|location=Abuja, Nigeria}}</ref><ref name=":R" >{{Cite web |last=|date=2025-09-14 |title=dr Henry Ogiri|url= https://romebusinessschool.ng/faculty/dr-henry-ogiri/|access-date=2023-05-11 |website=romebusinessschool.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ogiri ya yi aiki a matsayin mai lissafin kuɗi na Kamfanin, manajan kuɗi, da kuma mai kula da kuɗi a kamfanoni da yawa ciki har da Kamfanin Bottling Company PLC, Reigate Nigeria Ltd, da Afirka Oilfield Services Ltd. Ya kuma horar da Akintola Williams & Co. yanzu Deloitte Tusche Tohmatsu International (Chartered Accountants).Ogiri ya yi aiki a takaice a matsayin janar manajan, Asusun Amincewa na Inshora na Najeriya (NSITF) kafin a nada shi a matsayin babban darakta (Financi da Gudanarwa), [[Hukumar Raya Neja Delta|Hukumar Raya Delta ta Nijar]] (NDDC).<ref name=":T" /><ref name=":B" /> A watan Yulin 2023, bayan rantsar da [[Siminalayi Fubara]] a matsayin gwamna an nada shi a matsayin Kwamishinan Wutar Lantarki a cikin Majalisar Zartarwa wanda aka fi sani da Ma'aikatar SiminalayiFubara a Jihar Rivers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2025-03-24 |title=Ogiri Counters Nwaekes Wifes Claims On Husbands Whereabouts|url= https://thenationonlineng.net/ogiri-counters-nwaekes-wifes-claims-on-husbands-whereabouts/|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}</ref><ref name=":s" >{{Cite news |last=|date=2023-10-17 |title=Itotenaan Henry Ogiri Sworn In As Commissioner Of Power Rivers State|url=https://thesun.ng/itotenaan-henry-ogiri-sworn-in-as-commissioner-of-power-rivers-state/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2023, Shugaba [[Bola Tinubu]] ya zaba shi daga cikin 'yan Najeriya ashirin (20) da suka cancanta don aiki a matsayin Kwamishinonin Tarayya a cikin Hukumar Jama'a ta Kasa (NPC) kuma [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya]] ta amince da shi a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2024.<ref name=":L">{{Cite news |last=|date=2024-10-15 |title=Senate Confirms Ogiri As Npc Commissioner|url=https://leadership.ng/senate-confirms-ogiri-as-npc-commissioner/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=|date=2023-11-22 |title=Tinubu Swears In 17 Federal Commissioners Of National Population Commission|url= https://nationalpopulation.gov.ng/news/tinubu-swears-in-17-federal-commissioners-of-national-population-commission|access-date=2025-11-10 |website=thenationonlineng.net |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=|date=2025-03-24 |title=Tinubu Appoints Twenty Federal Commissioners Of The National Population Commission Npc|url= https://statehouse.gov.ng/president-tinubu-appoints-twenty-federal-commissioners-of-the-national-population-commission-npc/|access-date=2025-11-10 |website=thenationonlineng.net |language=en-US}}</ref> Ogiri ita ce jagorar Rainbow Coalition a yankin Karamar Hukumar Abua / Odual na Jihar Rivers . Ogiri mai bincike ne, mai bita, kuma marubuci.Ya gabatar da takardun bincike a taron kasa da kasa a Ingila, Turai, da Gabas ta Tsakiya. == Kasantuwar mamba a Farfesa == Shi memba ne na Cibiyar Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN) kuma Mataimakin memba na Cibiyar Harkokin Haraji ta Najeriya (CITN).Ya kasance mai ziyara a Jami'ar Leeds Beckett, Burtaniya (2013 zuwa 2017), kuma malamin baƙo a Cibiyar Gudanarwa, Jagora da Alhakin Duniya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] 1zcunuro5h0vknloqzmb3w3uxs6da76 974968 974965 2026-11-01T19:01:44Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Ayyuka */ 974968 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Itotenaan Henry Ogiri''' (an haife shi a watan Yulin, 1965), Farfesa ne [[Najeriya|Na Najeriya]] na lissafi a Jami'ar Gregory, Uturu, Jihar Abia (ya ziyarci) kuma Dan siyasa.An nada shi a karkashin majalisar ministocin Siminalayi Fubara a Jihar Rivers kuma a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Tarayya]] wanda ke wakiltar Jihar Rives a cikin Hukumar Jama'a ta Kasa (NPC) ta [[Najeriya]]<ref name=":This" >{{Cite news |last=|date=2023-11-13 |title=Henry Ogiri Achieves Full Professorship At Gregory University|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/11/13/henry-ogiri-achieves-full-professorship-at-gregory-university/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[This Day]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":s" /><ref name=":L"/> An zabe shi a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Rivers ta 5 da kuma wurin zama na Majalisar Dokoki ta Jihar Riers ta 6 don wakilin mazabar Jihar Abua / Odual, kafin tsohon shugaban kasar [[Goodluck Jonathan]] ya nada shi a matsayin babban darakta na Kudi da Gudanarwa na Hukumar Raya Nijar Delta (NDDC).<ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2013-12-13 |title=Jonathan Appoints Itotenaan Henry Ogiri As Executive Director Of Finance And Administration At Nddc|url=https://dailytimesng.com/jonathan-appoints-itotenaan-henry-ogiri-as-executive-director-of-finance-and-administration-at-nddc/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2016-10-23 |title=Ogiri Ex-nddc Director Dumps Pdp|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/10/ogiri-ex-nddc-director-dumps-pdp/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":T">{{Cite news |last=|date=2013-11-13 |title=Itotenaan Henry Ogiri Former lawmaker Awarded Ican Fellowship|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/itotenaan-henry-ogiri-former-lawmaker-awarded-ican-fellowship/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":R" /> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Itotenaan Henry Ogiri (an haife shi a Okolomade Odual, Jihar Rivers, Najeriya) ya sami ilimin firamare a makarantar sakandare ta Jihar sannan ya ci gaba zuwa Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati, Emelego amma ya sami HND a lissafi a makarantar lissafi da karatun gudanarwa, Jos, BA a lissafi da gudanar da kudi a Jami'ar Sunderland, Burtaniya da MBA a Jami'a ta Jihar Riers, Port Harcourt kafin ya ci gaba da Jami'ar Leeds Beckett don M.Sc.da kuma Ph.D.<ref name=":B" >{{Cite news |last=|date=2025-09-14 |title=Ogiris Dual Roles In Academia And Public Administration Highlight Accountability Initiatives|url= https://blueprint.ng/professor-ogiris-dual-roles-in-academia-and-public-administration-highlight-accountability-initiatives/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]|language=en-US|location=Abuja, Nigeria}}</ref><ref name=":R" >{{Cite web |last=|date=2025-09-14 |title=dr Henry Ogiri|url= https://romebusinessschool.ng/faculty/dr-henry-ogiri/|access-date=2023-05-11 |website=romebusinessschool.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ogiri ya yi aiki a matsayin mai lissafin kuɗi na Kamfanin, manajan kuɗi, da kuma mai kula da kuɗi a kamfanoni da yawa ciki har da Kamfanin Bottling Company PLC, Reigate Nigeria Ltd, da Afirka Oilfield Services Ltd. Ya kuma horar da Akintola Williams & Co. yanzu Deloitte Tusche Tohmatsu International (Chartered Accountants).Ogiri ya yi aiki a takaice a matsayin janar manajan, Asusun Amincewa na Inshora na Najeriya (NSITF) kafin a nada shi a matsayin babban darakta (Financi da Gudanarwa), [[Hukumar Raya Neja Delta|Hukumar Raya Delta ta Nijar]] (NDDC).<ref name=":T" /><ref name=":B" /> A watan Yulin 2023, bayan rantsar da [[Siminalayi Fubara]] a matsayin gwamna an nada shi a matsayin Kwamishinan Wutar Lantarki a cikin Majalisar Zartarwa wanda aka fi sani da Ma'aikatar SiminalayiFubara a Jihar Rivers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2025-03-24 |title=Ogiri Counters Nwaekes Wifes Claims On Husbands Whereabouts|url= https://thenationonlineng.net/ogiri-counters-nwaekes-wifes-claims-on-husbands-whereabouts/|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}</ref><ref name=":s" >{{Cite news |last=|date=2023-10-17 |title=Itotenaan Henry Ogiri Sworn In As Commissioner Of Power Rivers State|url=https://thesun.ng/itotenaan-henry-ogiri-sworn-in-as-commissioner-of-power-rivers-state/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2023, Shugaba [[Bola Tinubu]] ya zaba shi daga cikin 'yan Najeriya ashirin (20) da suka cancanta don aiki a matsayin Kwamishinonin Tarayya a cikin Hukumar Jama'a ta Kasa (NPC) kuma [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya]] ta amince da shi a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2024.<ref name=":L">{{Cite news |last=|date=2024-10-15 |title=Senate Confirms Ogiri As Npc Commissioner|url=https://leadership.ng/senate-confirms-ogiri-as-npc-commissioner/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=|date=2023-11-22 |title=Tinubu Swears In 17 Federal Commissioners Of National Population Commission|url= https://nationalpopulation.gov.ng/news/tinubu-swears-in-17-federal-commissioners-of-national-population-commission|access-date=2025-11-10 |website=thenationonlineng.net |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=|date=2025-03-24 |title=Tinubu Appoints Twenty Federal Commissioners Of The National Population Commission Npc|url= https://statehouse.gov.ng/president-tinubu-appoints-twenty-federal-commissioners-of-the-national-population-commission-npc/|access-date=2025-11-10 |website=thenationonlineng.net |language=en-US}}</ref> Ogiri ita ce jagorar Rainbow Coalition a yankin Karamar Hukumar Abua / Odual na Jihar Rivers .<ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2024-03-24 |title=Henry Ogiri Brings Regions strong Coalition Focus On Community Development Initiatives|url= https://independent.ng/henry-ogiri-brings-regions-strong-coalition-focus-on-community-development-initiatives/|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]|language=en-US|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}</ref> Ogiri mai bincike ne, mai bita, kuma marubuci.Ya gabatar da takardun bincike a taron kasa da kasa a Ingila, Turai, da Gabas ta Tsakiya. == Kasantuwar mamba a Farfesa == Shi memba ne na Cibiyar Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN) kuma Mataimakin memba na Cibiyar Harkokin Haraji ta Najeriya (CITN).Ya kasance mai ziyara a Jami'ar Leeds Beckett, Burtaniya (2013 zuwa 2017), kuma malamin baƙo a Cibiyar Gudanarwa, Jagora da Alhakin Duniya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] 5t87hk9wbpk22np5j4gdk8o42d6gq0y 974971 974968 2026-11-01T19:02:33Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Ayyuka */ 974971 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Itotenaan Henry Ogiri''' (an haife shi a watan Yulin, 1965), Farfesa ne [[Najeriya|Na Najeriya]] na lissafi a Jami'ar Gregory, Uturu, Jihar Abia (ya ziyarci) kuma Dan siyasa.An nada shi a karkashin majalisar ministocin Siminalayi Fubara a Jihar Rivers kuma a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Tarayya]] wanda ke wakiltar Jihar Rives a cikin Hukumar Jama'a ta Kasa (NPC) ta [[Najeriya]]<ref name=":This" >{{Cite news |last=|date=2023-11-13 |title=Henry Ogiri Achieves Full Professorship At Gregory University|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/11/13/henry-ogiri-achieves-full-professorship-at-gregory-university/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[This Day]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":s" /><ref name=":L"/> An zabe shi a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Rivers ta 5 da kuma wurin zama na Majalisar Dokoki ta Jihar Riers ta 6 don wakilin mazabar Jihar Abua / Odual, kafin tsohon shugaban kasar [[Goodluck Jonathan]] ya nada shi a matsayin babban darakta na Kudi da Gudanarwa na Hukumar Raya Nijar Delta (NDDC).<ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2013-12-13 |title=Jonathan Appoints Itotenaan Henry Ogiri As Executive Director Of Finance And Administration At Nddc|url=https://dailytimesng.com/jonathan-appoints-itotenaan-henry-ogiri-as-executive-director-of-finance-and-administration-at-nddc/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2016-10-23 |title=Ogiri Ex-nddc Director Dumps Pdp|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/10/ogiri-ex-nddc-director-dumps-pdp/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":T">{{Cite news |last=|date=2013-11-13 |title=Itotenaan Henry Ogiri Former lawmaker Awarded Ican Fellowship|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/itotenaan-henry-ogiri-former-lawmaker-awarded-ican-fellowship/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":R" /> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Itotenaan Henry Ogiri (an haife shi a Okolomade Odual, Jihar Rivers, Najeriya) ya sami ilimin firamare a makarantar sakandare ta Jihar sannan ya ci gaba zuwa Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati, Emelego amma ya sami HND a lissafi a makarantar lissafi da karatun gudanarwa, Jos, BA a lissafi da gudanar da kudi a Jami'ar Sunderland, Burtaniya da MBA a Jami'a ta Jihar Riers, Port Harcourt kafin ya ci gaba da Jami'ar Leeds Beckett don M.Sc.da kuma Ph.D.<ref name=":B" >{{Cite news |last=|date=2025-09-14 |title=Ogiris Dual Roles In Academia And Public Administration Highlight Accountability Initiatives|url= https://blueprint.ng/professor-ogiris-dual-roles-in-academia-and-public-administration-highlight-accountability-initiatives/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]|language=en-US|location=Abuja, Nigeria}}</ref><ref name=":R" >{{Cite web |last=|date=2025-09-14 |title=dr Henry Ogiri|url= https://romebusinessschool.ng/faculty/dr-henry-ogiri/|access-date=2023-05-11 |website=romebusinessschool.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ogiri ya yi aiki a matsayin mai lissafin kuɗi na Kamfanin, manajan kuɗi, da kuma mai kula da kuɗi a kamfanoni da yawa ciki har da Kamfanin Bottling Company PLC, Reigate Nigeria Ltd, da Afirka Oilfield Services Ltd. Ya kuma horar da Akintola Williams & Co. yanzu Deloitte Tusche Tohmatsu International (Chartered Accountants).Ogiri ya yi aiki a takaice a matsayin janar manajan, Asusun Amincewa na Inshora na Najeriya (NSITF) kafin a nada shi a matsayin babban darakta (Financi da Gudanarwa), [[Hukumar Raya Neja Delta|Hukumar Raya Delta ta Nijar]] (NDDC).<ref name=":T" /><ref name=":B" /> A watan Yulin 2023, bayan rantsar da [[Siminalayi Fubara]] a matsayin gwamna an nada shi a matsayin Kwamishinan Wutar Lantarki a cikin Majalisar Zartarwa wanda aka fi sani da Ma'aikatar SiminalayiFubara a Jihar Rivers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2025-03-24 |title=Ogiri Counters Nwaekes Wifes Claims On Husbands Whereabouts|url= https://thenationonlineng.net/ogiri-counters-nwaekes-wifes-claims-on-husbands-whereabouts/|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}</ref><ref name=":s" >{{Cite news |last=|date=2023-10-17 |title=Itotenaan Henry Ogiri Sworn In As Commissioner Of Power Rivers State|url=https://thesun.ng/itotenaan-henry-ogiri-sworn-in-as-commissioner-of-power-rivers-state/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2023, Shugaba [[Bola Tinubu]] ya zaba shi daga cikin 'yan Najeriya ashirin (20) da suka cancanta don aiki a matsayin Kwamishinonin Tarayya a cikin Hukumar Jama'a ta Kasa (NPC) kuma [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya]] ta amince da shi a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2024.<ref name=":L">{{Cite news |last=|date=2024-10-15 |title=Senate Confirms Ogiri As Npc Commissioner|url=https://leadership.ng/senate-confirms-ogiri-as-npc-commissioner/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=|date=2023-11-22 |title=Tinubu Swears In 17 Federal Commissioners Of National Population Commission|url= https://nationalpopulation.gov.ng/news/tinubu-swears-in-17-federal-commissioners-of-national-population-commission|access-date=2025-11-10 |website=thenationonlineng.net |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=|date=2025-03-24 |title=Tinubu Appoints Twenty Federal Commissioners Of The National Population Commission Npc|url= https://statehouse.gov.ng/president-tinubu-appoints-twenty-federal-commissioners-of-the-national-population-commission-npc/|access-date=2025-11-10 |website=thenationonlineng.net |language=en-US}}</ref> Ogiri ita ce jagorar Rainbow Coalition a yankin Karamar Hukumar Abua / Odual na Jihar Rivers .<ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2024-03-24 |title=Henry Ogiri Brings Regions strong Coalition Focus On Community Development Initiatives|url= https://independent.ng/henry-ogiri-brings-regions-strong-coalition-focus-on-community-development-initiatives/|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]|language=en-US|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}</ref> Ogiri mai bincike ne, mai bita, kuma marubuci.Ya gabatar da takardun bincike a taron kasa da kasa a Ingila, Turai, da Gabas ta Tsakiya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2024-04-13 |title=Professors Making Impact In Nigeria/|url= https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2024/04/13/three-professors-making-impact-in-nigeria/|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[P.M. News]]|language=en-US|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}</ref> == Kasantuwar mamba a Farfesa == Shi memba ne na Cibiyar Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN) kuma Mataimakin memba na Cibiyar Harkokin Haraji ta Najeriya (CITN).Ya kasance mai ziyara a Jami'ar Leeds Beckett, Burtaniya (2013 zuwa 2017), kuma malamin baƙo a Cibiyar Gudanarwa, Jagora da Alhakin Duniya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] ce11nibxynksa7kiqnoewjvlxrw12xn 974972 974971 2026-11-01T19:03:26Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 /* Kasantuwar mamba a Farfesa */ 974972 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Itotenaan Henry Ogiri''' (an haife shi a watan Yulin, 1965), Farfesa ne [[Najeriya|Na Najeriya]] na lissafi a Jami'ar Gregory, Uturu, Jihar Abia (ya ziyarci) kuma Dan siyasa.An nada shi a karkashin majalisar ministocin Siminalayi Fubara a Jihar Rivers kuma a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Tarayya]] wanda ke wakiltar Jihar Rives a cikin Hukumar Jama'a ta Kasa (NPC) ta [[Najeriya]]<ref name=":This" >{{Cite news |last=|date=2023-11-13 |title=Henry Ogiri Achieves Full Professorship At Gregory University|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/11/13/henry-ogiri-achieves-full-professorship-at-gregory-university/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[This Day]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":s" /><ref name=":L"/> An zabe shi a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Rivers ta 5 da kuma wurin zama na Majalisar Dokoki ta Jihar Riers ta 6 don wakilin mazabar Jihar Abua / Odual, kafin tsohon shugaban kasar [[Goodluck Jonathan]] ya nada shi a matsayin babban darakta na Kudi da Gudanarwa na Hukumar Raya Nijar Delta (NDDC).<ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2013-12-13 |title=Jonathan Appoints Itotenaan Henry Ogiri As Executive Director Of Finance And Administration At Nddc|url=https://dailytimesng.com/jonathan-appoints-itotenaan-henry-ogiri-as-executive-director-of-finance-and-administration-at-nddc/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2016-10-23 |title=Ogiri Ex-nddc Director Dumps Pdp|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/10/ogiri-ex-nddc-director-dumps-pdp/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":T">{{Cite news |last=|date=2013-11-13 |title=Itotenaan Henry Ogiri Former lawmaker Awarded Ican Fellowship|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/itotenaan-henry-ogiri-former-lawmaker-awarded-ican-fellowship/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":R" /> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Itotenaan Henry Ogiri (an haife shi a Okolomade Odual, Jihar Rivers, Najeriya) ya sami ilimin firamare a makarantar sakandare ta Jihar sannan ya ci gaba zuwa Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati, Emelego amma ya sami HND a lissafi a makarantar lissafi da karatun gudanarwa, Jos, BA a lissafi da gudanar da kudi a Jami'ar Sunderland, Burtaniya da MBA a Jami'a ta Jihar Riers, Port Harcourt kafin ya ci gaba da Jami'ar Leeds Beckett don M.Sc.da kuma Ph.D.<ref name=":B" >{{Cite news |last=|date=2025-09-14 |title=Ogiris Dual Roles In Academia And Public Administration Highlight Accountability Initiatives|url= https://blueprint.ng/professor-ogiris-dual-roles-in-academia-and-public-administration-highlight-accountability-initiatives/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]|language=en-US|location=Abuja, Nigeria}}</ref><ref name=":R" >{{Cite web |last=|date=2025-09-14 |title=dr Henry Ogiri|url= https://romebusinessschool.ng/faculty/dr-henry-ogiri/|access-date=2023-05-11 |website=romebusinessschool.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ogiri ya yi aiki a matsayin mai lissafin kuɗi na Kamfanin, manajan kuɗi, da kuma mai kula da kuɗi a kamfanoni da yawa ciki har da Kamfanin Bottling Company PLC, Reigate Nigeria Ltd, da Afirka Oilfield Services Ltd. Ya kuma horar da Akintola Williams & Co. yanzu Deloitte Tusche Tohmatsu International (Chartered Accountants).Ogiri ya yi aiki a takaice a matsayin janar manajan, Asusun Amincewa na Inshora na Najeriya (NSITF) kafin a nada shi a matsayin babban darakta (Financi da Gudanarwa), [[Hukumar Raya Neja Delta|Hukumar Raya Delta ta Nijar]] (NDDC).<ref name=":T" /><ref name=":B" /> A watan Yulin 2023, bayan rantsar da [[Siminalayi Fubara]] a matsayin gwamna an nada shi a matsayin Kwamishinan Wutar Lantarki a cikin Majalisar Zartarwa wanda aka fi sani da Ma'aikatar SiminalayiFubara a Jihar Rivers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2025-03-24 |title=Ogiri Counters Nwaekes Wifes Claims On Husbands Whereabouts|url= https://thenationonlineng.net/ogiri-counters-nwaekes-wifes-claims-on-husbands-whereabouts/|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}</ref><ref name=":s" >{{Cite news |last=|date=2023-10-17 |title=Itotenaan Henry Ogiri Sworn In As Commissioner Of Power Rivers State|url=https://thesun.ng/itotenaan-henry-ogiri-sworn-in-as-commissioner-of-power-rivers-state/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2023, Shugaba [[Bola Tinubu]] ya zaba shi daga cikin 'yan Najeriya ashirin (20) da suka cancanta don aiki a matsayin Kwamishinonin Tarayya a cikin Hukumar Jama'a ta Kasa (NPC) kuma [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya]] ta amince da shi a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2024.<ref name=":L">{{Cite news |last=|date=2024-10-15 |title=Senate Confirms Ogiri As Npc Commissioner|url=https://leadership.ng/senate-confirms-ogiri-as-npc-commissioner/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=|date=2023-11-22 |title=Tinubu Swears In 17 Federal Commissioners Of National Population Commission|url= https://nationalpopulation.gov.ng/news/tinubu-swears-in-17-federal-commissioners-of-national-population-commission|access-date=2025-11-10 |website=thenationonlineng.net |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=|date=2025-03-24 |title=Tinubu Appoints Twenty Federal Commissioners Of The National Population Commission Npc|url= https://statehouse.gov.ng/president-tinubu-appoints-twenty-federal-commissioners-of-the-national-population-commission-npc/|access-date=2025-11-10 |website=thenationonlineng.net |language=en-US}}</ref> Ogiri ita ce jagorar Rainbow Coalition a yankin Karamar Hukumar Abua / Odual na Jihar Rivers .<ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2024-03-24 |title=Henry Ogiri Brings Regions strong Coalition Focus On Community Development Initiatives|url= https://independent.ng/henry-ogiri-brings-regions-strong-coalition-focus-on-community-development-initiatives/|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]|language=en-US|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}</ref> Ogiri mai bincike ne, mai bita, kuma marubuci.Ya gabatar da takardun bincike a taron kasa da kasa a Ingila, Turai, da Gabas ta Tsakiya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2024-04-13 |title=Professors Making Impact In Nigeria/|url= https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2024/04/13/three-professors-making-impact-in-nigeria/|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[P.M. News]]|language=en-US|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}</ref> == Kasantuwar mamba a Farfesa == Shi memba ne na Cibiyar Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN) kuma Mataimakin memba na Cibiyar Harkokin Haraji ta Najeriya (CITN).Ya kasance mai ziyara a Jami'ar Leeds Beckett, Burtaniya (2013 zuwa 2017), kuma malamin baƙo a Cibiyar Gudanarwa, Jagora da Alhakin Duniya.<ref name=":T" /><ref name=":This" /><ref name=":B" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] 7zabixhm5tagdqc46mtyhyn7r96uzkd 974973 974972 2026-11-01T19:03:51Z A Sulaiman Z 13085 974973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Itotenaan Henry Ogiri''' (an haife shi a watan Yulin, 1965), Farfesa ne [[Najeriya|Na Najeriya]] na lissafi a Jami'ar Gregory, Uturu, Jihar Abia (ya ziyarci) kuma Dan siyasa.An nada shi a karkashin majalisar ministocin Siminalayi Fubara a Jihar Rivers kuma a halin yanzu yana aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Tarayya]] wanda ke wakiltar Jihar Rives a cikin Hukumar Jama'a ta Kasa (NPC) ta [[Najeriya]]<ref name=":This" >{{Cite news |last=|date=2023-11-13 |title=Henry Ogiri Achieves Full Professorship At Gregory University|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/11/13/henry-ogiri-achieves-full-professorship-at-gregory-university/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[This Day]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":s" /><ref name=":L"/> An zabe shi a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Rivers ta 5 da kuma wurin zama na Majalisar Dokoki ta Jihar Riers ta 6 don wakilin mazabar Jihar Abua / Odual, kafin tsohon shugaban kasar [[Goodluck Jonathan]] ya nada shi a matsayin babban darakta na Kudi da Gudanarwa na Hukumar Raya Nijar Delta (NDDC).<ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2013-12-13 |title=Jonathan Appoints Itotenaan Henry Ogiri As Executive Director Of Finance And Administration At Nddc|url=https://dailytimesng.com/jonathan-appoints-itotenaan-henry-ogiri-as-executive-director-of-finance-and-administration-at-nddc/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Daily Times]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2016-10-23 |title=Ogiri Ex-nddc Director Dumps Pdp|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/10/ogiri-ex-nddc-director-dumps-pdp/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":T">{{Cite news |last=|date=2013-11-13 |title=Itotenaan Henry Ogiri Former lawmaker Awarded Ican Fellowship|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/itotenaan-henry-ogiri-former-lawmaker-awarded-ican-fellowship/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":R" /> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Itotenaan Henry Ogiri (an haife shi a Okolomade Odual, Jihar Rivers, Najeriya) ya sami ilimin firamare a makarantar sakandare ta Jihar sannan ya ci gaba zuwa Makarantar Sakandare ta Gwamnati, Emelego amma ya sami HND a lissafi a makarantar lissafi da karatun gudanarwa, Jos, BA a lissafi da gudanar da kudi a Jami'ar Sunderland, Burtaniya da MBA a Jami'a ta Jihar Riers, Port Harcourt kafin ya ci gaba da Jami'ar Leeds Beckett don M.Sc.da kuma Ph.D.<ref name=":B" >{{Cite news |last=|date=2025-09-14 |title=Ogiris Dual Roles In Academia And Public Administration Highlight Accountability Initiatives|url= https://blueprint.ng/professor-ogiris-dual-roles-in-academia-and-public-administration-highlight-accountability-initiatives/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]|language=en-US|location=Abuja, Nigeria}}</ref><ref name=":R" >{{Cite web |last=|date=2025-09-14 |title=dr Henry Ogiri|url= https://romebusinessschool.ng/faculty/dr-henry-ogiri/|access-date=2023-05-11 |website=romebusinessschool.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ogiri ya yi aiki a matsayin mai lissafin kuɗi na Kamfanin, manajan kuɗi, da kuma mai kula da kuɗi a kamfanoni da yawa ciki har da Kamfanin Bottling Company PLC, Reigate Nigeria Ltd, da Afirka Oilfield Services Ltd. Ya kuma horar da Akintola Williams & Co. yanzu Deloitte Tusche Tohmatsu International (Chartered Accountants).Ogiri ya yi aiki a takaice a matsayin janar manajan, Asusun Amincewa na Inshora na Najeriya (NSITF) kafin a nada shi a matsayin babban darakta (Financi da Gudanarwa), [[Hukumar Raya Neja Delta|Hukumar Raya Delta ta Nijar]] (NDDC).<ref name=":T" /><ref name=":B" /> A watan Yulin 2023, bayan rantsar da [[Siminalayi Fubara]] a matsayin gwamna an nada shi a matsayin Kwamishinan Wutar Lantarki a cikin Majalisar Zartarwa wanda aka fi sani da Ma'aikatar SiminalayiFubara a Jihar Rivers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2025-03-24 |title=Ogiri Counters Nwaekes Wifes Claims On Husbands Whereabouts|url= https://thenationonlineng.net/ogiri-counters-nwaekes-wifes-claims-on-husbands-whereabouts/|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}</ref><ref name=":s" >{{Cite news |last=|date=2023-10-17 |title=Itotenaan Henry Ogiri Sworn In As Commissioner Of Power Rivers State|url=https://thesun.ng/itotenaan-henry-ogiri-sworn-in-as-commissioner-of-power-rivers-state/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2023, Shugaba [[Bola Tinubu]] ya zaba shi daga cikin 'yan Najeriya ashirin (20) da suka cancanta don aiki a matsayin Kwamishinonin Tarayya a cikin Hukumar Jama'a ta Kasa (NPC) kuma [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya]] ta amince da shi a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2024.<ref name=":L">{{Cite news |last=|date=2024-10-15 |title=Senate Confirms Ogiri As Npc Commissioner|url=https://leadership.ng/senate-confirms-ogiri-as-npc-commissioner/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=|date=2023-11-22 |title=Tinubu Swears In 17 Federal Commissioners Of National Population Commission|url= https://nationalpopulation.gov.ng/news/tinubu-swears-in-17-federal-commissioners-of-national-population-commission|access-date=2025-11-10 |website=thenationonlineng.net |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=|date=2025-03-24 |title=Tinubu Appoints Twenty Federal Commissioners Of The National Population Commission Npc|url= https://statehouse.gov.ng/president-tinubu-appoints-twenty-federal-commissioners-of-the-national-population-commission-npc/|access-date=2025-11-10 |website=thenationonlineng.net |language=en-US}}</ref> Ogiri ita ce jagorar Rainbow Coalition a yankin Karamar Hukumar Abua / Odual na Jihar Rivers .<ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2024-03-24 |title=Henry Ogiri Brings Regions strong Coalition Focus On Community Development Initiatives|url= https://independent.ng/henry-ogiri-brings-regions-strong-coalition-focus-on-community-development-initiatives/|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]|language=en-US|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}</ref> Ogiri mai bincike ne, mai bita, kuma marubuci.Ya gabatar da takardun bincike a taron kasa da kasa a Ingila, Turai, da Gabas ta Tsakiya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=|date=2024-04-13 |title=Professors Making Impact In Nigeria/|url= https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2024/04/13/three-professors-making-impact-in-nigeria/|access-date=2025-11-10 |newspaper=[[P.M. News]]|language=en-US|location=Lagos, Nigeria}}</ref> == Kasantuwar mamba a Farfesa == Shi memba ne na Cibiyar Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN) kuma Mataimakin memba na Cibiyar Harkokin Haraji ta Najeriya (CITN).Ya kasance mai ziyara a Jami'ar Leeds Beckett, Burtaniya (2013 zuwa 2017), kuma malamin baƙo a Cibiyar Gudanarwa, Jagora da Alhakin Duniya.<ref name=":T" /><ref name=":This" /><ref name=":B" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] t061njg5eaeb5biaezec27pdr3esk35 0 180502 974977 2026-11-01T19:08:07Z Baffa ali 47435 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363338220|Interpersonal psychotherapy]]" 974977 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ilimin halayyar ɗan adam''' ( '''IPT''' ) wani ɗan gajeren tsari ne, wanda ke mai da hankali kan magance matsalolin da ke tsakanin mutane da kuma cimma nasarar murmurewa daga alamun cutar. IPT magani ne da aka tallafa wa ta hanyar gwaji (EST) wanda ke bin tsari mai matuƙar tsari kuma mai iyakacin lokaci. Ana nufin kammala aikin jiyya tsakanin mutane cikin makonni 12-16. IPT ya dogara ne akan ƙa'idar cewa dangantaka da abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwa suna shafar yanayi da akasin haka. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Markowitz |first=JC |last2=Svartberg |first2=M |last3=Swartz |first3=HA |year=1998 |title=Is IPT time-limited psychodynamic psychotherapy? |journal=The Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=185–95 |pmc=3330506 |pmid=9631340}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) |url=http://www.nightingalehospital.co.uk/treatment/interpersonal-therapy-ipt/ |access-date=26 April 2015 |publisher=Nightingale Hospital}}</ref> Gerald Klerman da Myrna Weissman ne suka ƙirƙiro maganin domin magance [[Babban rashin damuwa|matsalar baƙin ciki]] a shekarun 1970 kuma tun daga lokacin aka daidaita shi da wasu matsalolin kwakwalwa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cuijpers |first=Pim |last2=Donker |first2=Tara |last3=Weissman |first3=Myrna M. |last4=Ravitz |first4=Paula |last5=Cristea |first5=Ioana A. |year=2016 |title=Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Mental Health Problems: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis |journal=American Journal of Psychiatry |volume=173 |issue=7 |pages=680–7 |doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15091141 |pmid=27032627 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> IPT magani ne da aka tabbatar da inganci wajen magance matsalolin damuwa kuma yana da tasiri sosai idan aka yi amfani da shi tare da magungunan tabin hankali. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Weissman |first=Myrna M. |last2=Prusoff |first2=Brigitte A. |last3=Dimascio |first3=Alberto |last4=Neu |first4=Carlos |last5=Goklaney |first5=Mahesh |last6=Klerman |first6=Gerald L. |date=1979-04-01 |title=The Efficacy of Drugs and Psychotherapy in the Treatment of Acute Depressive Episodes |url=https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.555 |journal=American Journal of Psychiatry |volume=136 |issue=4B |pages=555–558 |doi=10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.555 |issn=0002-953X |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Tarihi == Asalin sunan maganin "high contact therapy", an fara ƙirƙiro IPT a shekarar 1969 a Jami'ar Yale a matsayin wani ɓangare na wani bincike da Gerald Klerman, Myrna Weissman da abokan aikinsa suka tsara don gwada ingancin maganin rage damuwa tare da psychotherapy da kuma ba tare da psychotherapy a matsayin maganin kula da damuwa ba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Weissman |first=Myrna M. |date=August 2006 |title=A Brief History of Interpersonal Psychotherapy |url=http://www.healio.com/journals/psycann/2006-8-36-8/%7B4f27509b-d22b-4451-9e14-4ded3843ddf0%7D/a-brief-history-of-interpersonal-psychotherapy |journal=Psychiatric Annals |volume=36 |issue=8 |doi=10.3928/00485713-20060801-03 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Markowitz |first=John C. |last2=Weissman |first2=Myrna M. |year=2012 |title=Interpersonal Psychotherapy: Past, Present and Future |journal=Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=99–105 |doi=10.1002/cpp.1774 |pmc=3427027 |pmid=22331561}}</ref> Gerald Klerman ƙwararre ne a fannin magance baƙin ciki, [[Matsalar damuwa|matsalolin damuwa]], da kuma [[Hauka|schizophrenia]] . Yana son ya gwada ko dangantakar da ke tsakanin mutane ta shafi farkon cutar tabin hankali ko tsawon lokacin da aka ɗauka. An gudanar da bincike ta amfani da tsarin IPT na asali. Daga waɗannan nazarin, Klerman ya kammala da cewa maganin mutum-da-ɗaya wanda aka tsara don inganta alaƙar mutane yana da alaƙa da inganta alamun cutar. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sloan |first=G |date=September 26, 2008 |title=An Overview and History of Interpersonal Psychotherapy |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24235912 |journal=Nursing Standard |volume=23 |issue=26 |pages=44–49 |via=Research Net}}</ref> == Tushe == CBT da kuma hanyoyin psychodynamic sun rinjayi IPT. Yana ɗaukar tsarinsa daga CBT saboda yana da iyakataccen lokaci kuma yana amfani da tsare-tsare na tambayoyi da kayan aikin tantancewa. Gabaɗaya, duk da haka, IPT yana mai da hankali kai tsaye kan tasirin, ko ji, yayin da CBT ke mai da hankali kan fahimta tare da tasirin da ke da alaƙa mai ƙarfi. Ba kamar CBT ba, IPT ba ta yin ƙoƙarin gano tunanin da aka gurbata ta hanyar ba da aikin gida ko wasu ayyuka, kuma ba ta taimaka wa majiyyaci ya ƙirƙiri wasu hanyoyin tunani ta hanyar yin aikin da aka tsara. Maimakon haka, yayin da shaida ta taso a lokacin jiyya, mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali yana jawo hankali ga tunani mara kyau dangane da wasu manyan mutane. Manufar ita ce a canza yanayin dangantaka maimakon fahimtar damuwa da ke tattare da ita, waɗanda aka yarda da su a matsayin alamun damuwa. Abubuwan da ke cikin maganin IPT sun samo asali ne daga ka'idar Haɗawa da kuma nazarin halayyar ɗan adam na Harry Stack Sullivan . Ka'idar zamantakewa kuma tana da tasiri a cikin ƙaramin rawa, sai dai a mai da hankali kan tasirin inganci na hanyoyin [[Taimako na zamantakewa|tallafawa zamantakewa]] don murmurewa. Ba kamar hanyoyin psychodynamic ba, IPT ba ta haɗa da ka'idar halayyar mutum ko yunƙurin fahimtar ko kula da halayyar mutum ba, amma tana mai da hankali kan aikace-aikacen ɗan adam na fahimtar hulɗar mutane. * '''Ka'idar Haɗin Kai''', ita ce tushen fahimtar matsalolin dangantaka tsakanin marasa lafiya, tsarin haɗin kai <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartholomew |first=Kim |last2=Horowitz |first2=Leonard M. |year=1991 |title=Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |volume=61 |issue=2 |pages=226–44 |doi=10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.226 |pmid=1920064}}</ref> da kuma ingantaccen aiki lokacin da aka biya buƙatun haɗin kai. * '''Ka'idar Hulɗa da Mutane''', ta bayyana hanyoyin da hanyoyin sadarwa marasa lafiya marasa daidaituwa ( ''Ƙaranci zuwa Babban Haɗin kai & Haɗawa da kuma Matsayin da ya fi rinjaye ga biyayya'' ) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kiesler |first=Donald J. |last2=Watkins |first2=Lucy M. |year=1989 |title=Interpersonal complementarity and the therapeutic alliance: A study of relationship in psychotherapy |journal=Psychotherapy |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=183–94 |doi=10.1037/h0085418}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kiesler |first=DJ |year=1979 |title=An interpersonal communication analysis of relationship in psychotherapy |journal=Psychiatry |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=299–311 |doi=10.1080/00332747.1979.11024034 |pmid=504511}}</ref> ke haifarwa ko haifar da matsala a cikin dangantakarsu ta yanzu da ta yanzu. Manufar IPT ita ce taimaka wa majiyyaci wajen inganta ƙwarewar sadarwa tsakanin mutane da kuma tsakanin mutane a cikin dangantaka da kuma haɓaka hanyar sadarwar tallafawa zamantakewa tare da tsammanin gaske don magance matsalolin da suka haifar da damuwa da kuma shawo kan 'haɗarin mutane'. == Hanyar == Maganin hulɗa tsakanin mutane yana magana ne game da dangantakar da ke tsakanin mutane a yanzu kuma yana mai da hankali kan yanayin zamantakewa na majiyyaci nan take. Tsarin asali na maganin hulɗar mutane ya ƙunshi matakai uku daban-daban. Mataki na farko yana ɗaukar tsawon zaman ilimin halayyar ɗan adam guda uku. A wannan lokacin, likitan zai tantance [[Alamar cututtuka|alamun]] majiyyaci kuma ya ba shi [[Binciken ganewa|ganewar asali]] . Suna yin bitar ayyukan zamantakewa na majiyyaci a yanzu da kuma dangantakarsa ta kud da kud. Likitan zai tantance yadda tasirin da majiyyacin ke da shi a yanzu ya shafi yanayin majiyyacin ko kuma ya taimaka wajen fara bayyanar alamun cutar. Alamomin suna da alaƙa da yanayin majiyyaci, wanda zai iya ƙunsar baƙin ciki, takaddama kan rawar da mutum ke takawa, sauyin matsayi, ko kuma rashin daidaito tsakanin mutane. A mataki na biyu, mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali zai zaɓi dabarun magance matsalolin dangantaka tsakanin majiyyaci da wanda ke da alaƙa da shi. Mataki na uku yana ɗaukar makonni 12 zuwa 16, kuma an yi shi ne don bai wa majiyyaci goyon baya da kuma amincewa da ci gaban da suka samu. <ref>{{Citation|journal=Michelle B.|url-status=Alarcón|access-date=Alfonso}}</ref> == Aikace-aikacen asibiti == An nuna cewa magani ne mai inganci ga baƙin ciki kuma an gyara shi don magance wasu cututtukan tabin hankali kamar [[Rashin amfani da kwayoyi|matsalolin shan ƙwayoyi]] da matsalolin cin abinci . Ya zama wajibi ga mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali a cikin maganin ya kafa haɗin gwiwa cikin sauri tare da kyakkyawar hanyar sadarwa ta ɗumi, tausayi, fahimtar juna da kuma kyakkyawar kulawa don ƙarfafa kyakkyawar alaƙar canja wuri, wanda daga gare shi majiyyaci zai iya neman taimako daga mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali duk da juriya. Ana amfani da shi galibi a matsayin magani na ɗan gajeren lokaci wanda aka kammala cikin makonni 12-16, amma kuma an yi amfani da shi azaman maganin kulawa ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da baƙin ciki mai maimaitawa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cornes |first=CL |last2=Frank |first2=E |year=1994 |title=Interpersonal psychotherapy for depression |journal=The Clinical Psychologist |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=9–10}}</ref> An samo wani magani mai gajere, na tsawon makonni 6 wanda ya dace da wuraren [[kulawa na farko]] da ake kira Interpersonal counseling (IPC) daga IPT. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Judd |first=F. |last2=Weissman |first2=M. |last3=Davis |first3=J. |last4=Hodgins |first4=G. |last5=Piterman |first5=L. |date=2004 |title=Interpersonal counselling in general practice |journal=Australian Family Physician |volume=33 |pages=332–337 |pmid=15227863}}</ref> An gano cewa ilimin halayyar ɗan adam yana da tasiri ga waɗannan: * [[Cutar bipolar|Matsalar Bipolar]] * Bulimia nervosa * [[Babban rashin damuwa|Babban matsalar damuwa]] <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zhou |first=Xinyu |last2=Hetrick |first2=Sarah E. |last3=Cuijpers |first3=Pim |last4=Qin |first4=Bin |last5=Barth |first5=Jürgen |last6=Whittington |first6=Craig J. |last7=Cohen |first7=David |last8=Del Giovane |first8=Cinzia |last9=Liu |first9=Yiyun |last10=Michael |first10=Kurt D. |last11=Zhang |first11=Yuqing |last12=Weisz |first12=John R. |author-link12=John R. Weisz |last13=Xie |first13=Peng |year=2015 |title=Comparative efficacy and acceptability of psychotherapies for depression in children and adolescents: A systematic review and network meta-analysis |journal=World Psychiatry |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=207–22 |doi=10.1002/wps.20217 |pmc=4471978 |pmid=26043339}}</ref> * [[Rashin lafiya bayan haihuwa|Baƙin ciki bayan haihuwa]] * [[Rashin damuwa bayan rauni|PTSD]] === Ciwon Bipolar === Ciwon da ke faruwa tsakanin mutane biyu (bipolar disorder) yana da alaƙa da raguwar ingancin dangantakar da ke tsakanin mutane da kuma gamsuwar kai tsaye da ayyukan zamantakewa ko nishaɗi. Bincike kan maganin cutar bipolar ya kammala da cewa marasa lafiya za su buƙaci haɗakar magani da magani. Wani bincike da aka yi wanda ya yi amfani da maganin hulɗa da mutane a matsayin maganin bipolar ya gano cewa haɗakar IPT, maganin zamantakewa da magunguna sun inganta aikin marasa lafiya. Duk da haka, waɗannan marasa lafiya har yanzu suna fuskantar matsi da baƙin ciki. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Crowe |first=Marie |last2=Porter |first2=Richard |last3=Inder |first3=Maree |last4=Carlyle |first4=Dave |last5=Luty |first5=Suzanne |last6=Lacey |first6=Cameron |last7=Frampton |first7=Christopher |date=April 20, 2020 |title=Clinical Effectiveness Trial of Adjunctive Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy for Patients With Bipolar Disorder |url=https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20190035 |journal=American Journal of Psychotherapy |volume=73 |issue=3 |pages=107–114 |doi=10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20190035 |issn=0002-9564}}</ref> Wani bita da ya yi nazari kan hanyoyin magani daban-daban da kuma fa'idodinsu ga marasa lafiya masu fama da matsalar bipolar ya kammala da cewa IPT ta nuna ingancin asibiti ga alamun cutar subsyndromal. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jones |first=Steven |date=2004-06-01 |title=Psychotherapy of bipolar disorder: a review |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165032703001113 |journal=Journal of Affective Disorders |volume=80 |issue=2 |pages=101–114 |doi=10.1016/S0165-0327(03)00111-3 |issn=0165-0327 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Bulimia Nervosa === Akwai tsarin nazari na hulɗa tsakanin mutane wanda ke ƙoƙarin bayyana farkon alamun cutar bulimia nervosa. Tsarin ya nuna cewa wahalhalun da mutane ke fuskanta wajen hulɗa da mutane suna haifar da ƙarancin girman kai da mummunan tasiri wanda hakan ke haifar da halayen da ake gani a cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar bulimia. A cikin gwaje-gwaje guda biyu daban-daban da suka shafi marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar bulimia, ba a kammala da cewa maganin hulɗa da mutane yana da tasiri wajen magance cutar bulimia nervosa ba idan aka kwatanta da maganin halayyar fahimta . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Agras |first=W. Stewart |last2=Walsh |first2=B. Timothy |last3=Fairburn |first3=Christopher G. |last4=Wilson |first4=G. Terence |last5=Kraemer |first5=Helena C. |date=2000-05-01 |title=A Multicenter Comparison of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Bulimia Nervosa |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/481603 |journal=Archives of General Psychiatry |volume=57 |issue=5 |pages=459–466 |doi=10.1001/archpsyc.57.5.459 |issn=0003-990X |url-access=subscription}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Three Psychological Treatments for Bulimia Nervosa |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/495355 |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=jamanetwork.com}}</ref> Duk da haka, masu bincike sun gano cewa shekara guda bayan waɗannan gwaje-gwajen guda biyu, babu wani bambanci mai mahimmanci a asibiti tsakanin marasa lafiya da suka sami IPT idan aka kwatanta da CBT. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hagan |first=Kelsey E. |last2=Walsh |first2=B. Timothy |date=2021-01-01 |title=State of the Art: The Therapeutic Approaches to Bulimia Nervosa |journal=Clinical Therapeutics |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=40–49 |doi=10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.10.012 |issn=0149-2918 |pmc=7902447}}</ref> === Babban Ciwon Damuwa === Idan mutum yana cikin baƙin ciki, zai iya fuskantar waɗannan alamu: kaɗaici a cikin jama'a, gajiya mai yawa, rashin kwarin gwiwa, rashin farin ciki, da ƙari. An yi amfani da IPT a matsayin maganin rashin jin daɗi saboda iyawarsa ta taimakawa wajen dawo da dangantaka ta zamantakewa. Yawanci, akwai matakai uku na IPT don magance baƙin ciki. Mataki na farko ya ƙunshi zaman gabatarwa na jiyya tare da mai ba da shawara da majiyyaci inda mai ba da shawara zai fara fahimtar alamun majiyyaci da rikice-rikicen da ke tsakanin mutane. Sannan ana tsara manufofi domin a samar da hanyar warkarwa ga majiyyaci. Mataki na biyu na IPT yana haɗa alamun da mara lafiyar ke nunawa da rikice-rikicen da ke tsakaninsa da mutane. Musamman ma, wannan matakin magani yana ƙoƙarin gano abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jin daɗin mara lafiya. Mataki na uku kuma na ƙarshe na wannan maganin yana farawa ne lokacin da alamun majiyyaci suka daidaita. An kafa tsare-tsare don ci gaba da magani idan majiyyacin ya sake fara sake kamuwa da alamun damuwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ravitz |first=Paula |date=February 2004 |title=The Interpersonal Fulcrum -- Interpersonal Therapy for Treatment of Depression |url=https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50823881/ravitz-SF-libre.pdf?1481420030=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DEvidence_Based_Psychotherapies_The_Inter.pdf&Expires=1731709305&Signature=F6HzQNA55Jn5XXWRiBjTVC9mHQ~vybaeUeEpvBk4m9Yh5KOYTZ4rcKeJ3QUpGSen7nCu~vU~V7~kzZie8NGxfroXsz3H2dHq1GWhm2DewMdbjx2woJYCs~84cDcqS2G5BjGfDr-87NGloq2mMjdbfpBIIDRzv3HVjVVysp7Z7R91oLWRRlExy~zjAliS-go2~fmvrGprfBAmTN9xiM1TCLffR7X2YpDTNswmeRUjJBh5qh3eu8UokBT695YrqJXlMwT1igUfg6JMHEJ8QV7OyZCtSGpE0FgdOIP-otMASGQReqZKDM3QL-67hO3GKZJDDbkJwSDHc~feqDjeyfPmJg__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA |journal=Evidence-Based Psychotherapies |volume=1 |issue=36 |pages=15–19}}</ref> === Matsalar Damuwa Bayan Rauni === Matsalar damuwa bayan tashin hankali na iya samo asali ne daga rikicin tsakanin mutane. Abubuwan da suka faru masu tayar da hankali kamar fyaɗe ko rashin kula da yara na iya haifar da mummunan tasiri ga ikon majiyyaci na shiga wasu dangantaka. Rikice-rikicen da ke tsakanin mutane yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan alamun cutar PTSD. Akwai hanyoyin kwantar da hankali daban-daban da aka yi amfani da su don magance alamun PTSD, amma magani ɗaya mai tasiri bai wanzu ba tukuna. Maganin hulɗa tsakanin mutane yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin magance matsalolin damuwa ga marasa lafiya da PTSD. A cikin nazarin asibiti, maganin hulɗar mutane ya haifar da raguwar alamun cutar PTSD mai baƙin ciki bayan zaman rukuni 16. Zaman rukuni yana bin matakai uku iri ɗaya kamar yadda ake yi wa mutum da kuma yadda ake kula da lafiyarsa. An kuma rage alamun damuwa a cikin mata waɗanda suka fuskanci raunin cin zarafin jima'i bayan zaman IPT na musamman sau 16. Wannan raguwar ta kasance mai mahimmanci idan aka kwatanta da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na mutum ɗaya === Damuwa Bayan Haihuwa === Baƙin ciki bayan haihuwa yana faruwa ne bayan haihuwa kuma yana kwaikwayon alamun damuwa na yau da kullun, kodayake wasu alamun sun bambanta: ra'ayoyin kashe jarirai, tashin hankali, da tunanin tilastawa. Ana ganin maganin hulɗa da mutane a matsayin magani mai kyau ga baƙin cikin bayan haihuwa saboda yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma yana mai da hankali kan abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwa da dangantaka a yanzu. A cikin wani bincike na tsawon makonni goma sha biyu da aka yi amfani da shi ta hanyar amfani da IPT, kashi 100% na marasa lafiya ba su cika sharuddan ganewar cutar damuwa bayan haihuwa ba kafin ƙarshen binciken. Sakamakon wani bincike makamancin haka ya nuna cewa zaman jiyya na tsawon mako 12 na mutane ya dakatar da abubuwan da ke haifar da damuwa ga uwaye bayan haihuwa. Yawancin wasu bincike da aka gudanar sun gano cewa matsakaicin lokacin da iyaye mata ke ɗauka kafin su murmure gaba ɗaya shine makonni 28.60. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Miniati |first=Mario |last2=Callari |first2=Antonio |last3=Calugi |first3=Simona |last4=Rucci |first4=Paola |last5=Savino |first5=Mario |last6=Mauri |first6=Mauro |last7=Dell’Osso |first7=Liliana |date=2014-08-01 |title=Interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: a systematic review |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00737-014-0442-7 |journal=Archives of Women's Mental Health |language=en |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=257–268 |doi=10.1007/s00737-014-0442-7 |issn=1435-1102 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Matasa === Duk da cewa an fara amfani da IPT a matsayin magani na mutum ɗaya ga [[Baligi|manya]], an gyara shi don amfani da shi ga [[Samartaka|matasa]] da tsofaffi. IPT ga yara ya dogara ne akan ra'ayin cewa baƙin ciki yana faruwa ne a cikin mahallin dangantakar mutum ba tare da la'akari da asalinsa a cikin ilmin halitta ko kwayoyin halitta ba. Musamman ma, baƙin ciki yana shafar dangantakar mutane kuma waɗannan alaƙar suna ƙara shafar yanayinmu. Tsarin IPT ya gano fannoni huɗu na gabaɗaya waɗanda mutum zai iya fuskantar matsalolin dangantaka: # baƙin ciki bayan rashin ƙaunatacce; # rikici a cikin manyan dangantaka, gami da dangantakar abokin ciniki da kansa; # wahalhalun daidaitawa da canje-canje a dangantaka ko yanayin rayuwa; da kuma # wahalhalun da suka samo asali daga warewar jama'a. Mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali na IPT yana taimakawa wajen gano wuraren da ake buƙatar gina ƙwarewa don inganta dangantakar abokin ciniki da kuma rage alamun damuwa. A tsawon lokaci, abokin ciniki yana koyon danganta canje-canje a cikin yanayi da abubuwan da ke faruwa a dangantakarsa/ta, yana isar da ji da tsammanin dangantakar, da kuma hanyoyin magance matsaloli da ke cikin dangantakar. <ref name="Swartz 1999">{{Cite book|edition=Alan S.}}</ref> An daidaita IPT don maganin matasa masu fama da baƙin ciki (IPT-A) don magance matsalolin ci gaban da suka fi yawa ga matasa kamar rabuwa da iyaye, haɓaka alaƙar soyayya, da kuma farkon lokacin da suka mutu daga dangi ko aboki. <ref name="Swartz 1999" /> IPT-A yana taimaka wa matasa su gano da kuma haɓaka hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa don magance matsalolin hulɗa da mutane da ke da alaƙa da farkon ko kuma kula da baƙin cikin da ke tattare da su. IPT-A yawanci magani ne na makonni 12 zuwa 16. Duk da cewa maganin ya ƙunshi zaman mutum ɗaya da matashin, ana buƙatar iyaye su shiga cikin wasu zaman don samun ilimi game da baƙin ciki, don magance duk wata matsala ta dangantaka da ka iya faruwa tsakanin matashin da iyayensa, da kuma taimakawa wajen tallafawa maganin matashin. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mufson |first=L. |year=1999 |title=Efficacy of Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depressed Adolescents |journal=Archives of General Psychiatry |volume=56 |issue=6 |pages=573–9 |doi=10.1001/archpsyc.56.6.573 |pmid=10359475}}</ref> === Tsofaffi === An yi amfani da IPT a matsayin maganin tabin hankali ga tsofaffi masu fama da baƙin ciki, tare da mai da hankali kan magance matsalolin da suka shafi hulɗa da mutane. IPT ya bayyana musamman dacewa da canje-canjen rayuwa da mutane da yawa ke fuskanta a shekarunsu na baya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hinrichsen |first=Gregory A. |year=1999 |title=Treating older adults with interpersonal psychotherapy for depression |journal=Journal of Clinical Psychology |volume=55 |issue=8 |pages=949–60 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199908)55:8<949::AID-JCLP4>3.0.CO;2-S}}</ref> An yi nazarin maganin hulɗa da mutane a matsayin magani ga tsofaffi masu fama da baƙin ciki. An gano cewa tsofaffi suna aiki yadda ya kamata don cimma burinsu a fannin magani saboda salon tattaunawa na halitta na IPT. A wani bincike na musamman da aka yi wanda ya tantance ingancin IPT wajen magance matsalar baƙin ciki a lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a farkon rayuwa, kashi 78% na tsofaffi sun sami cikakkiyar sassauci daga alamun baƙin cikin da suke fuskanta. Duk da haka, kashi 100% na mahalarta waɗanda suka mai da hankali kan sauyin matsayi sun fuskanci sake farfaɗowar alamun bayan sun gama maganin IPT. <ref name="Miller 16–22">{{Cite journal |last=Miller |first=Mark D. |date=2008-02-01 |title=Using interpersonal therapy (IPT) with older adults today and tomorrow: A review of the literature and new developments |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11920-008-0005-6 |journal=Current Psychiatry Reports |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=16–22 |doi=10.1007/s11920-008-0005-6 |issn=1535-1645 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> An gudanar da bincike kan amfani da IPT a matsayin magani ga tsofaffi waɗanda ke kashe kansu. A cikin waɗannan nazarin, an ba da IPT tare da magunguna da ƙarin taimakon tabin hankali. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa IPT ta rage alamun damuwa kuma ta daina yin maganganun baki na tunanin kashe kai da sauri fiye da ba tare da IPT ba. <ref name="Miller 16–22" /> == Nau'o'i == === Maganin Jin Daɗin Juna Tsakanin Mutane === An haɓaka maganin hulɗar mutane masu ƙarfi saboda rashin hanyoyin zamani na psychodynamic da ake amfani da su azaman nau'ikan gajerun hanyoyin magance matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa. DIT yana ɗaukar zamanni goma sha shida kuma yana da matakai uku daban-daban. Wannan dabarar magani ta mayar da hankali ne kan dangantakar da ke tsakanin majiyyaci da kuma ta waje. DIT tana bincika alaƙar cikin gida, wacce take kama da ka'idar psychodynamic ta [[Sigmund Freud]] . Dangantaka ta ciki tana nufin alamu marasa sani da mutum zai iya ɗauka daga dangantakar da ya gabata zuwa ta yanzu. Maganin hulɗar mutane masu ƙarfi ya bambanta da na yau da kullun na IPT domin yana nutsewa cikin waɗannan alaƙar da ba a sani ba. == Manazarta == *   [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] l359gtr01ezup9getq2mba2oms76zoh 974980 974977 2026-11-01T19:09:36Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Matsalar Damuwa Bayan Rauni */ 974980 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ilimin halayyar ɗan adam''' ( '''IPT''' ) wani ɗan gajeren tsari ne, wanda ke mai da hankali kan magance matsalolin da ke tsakanin mutane da kuma cimma nasarar murmurewa daga alamun cutar. IPT magani ne da aka tallafa wa ta hanyar gwaji (EST) wanda ke bin tsari mai matuƙar tsari kuma mai iyakacin lokaci. Ana nufin kammala aikin jiyya tsakanin mutane cikin makonni 12-16. IPT ya dogara ne akan ƙa'idar cewa dangantaka da abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwa suna shafar yanayi da akasin haka. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Markowitz |first=JC |last2=Svartberg |first2=M |last3=Swartz |first3=HA |year=1998 |title=Is IPT time-limited psychodynamic psychotherapy? |journal=The Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=185–95 |pmc=3330506 |pmid=9631340}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) |url=http://www.nightingalehospital.co.uk/treatment/interpersonal-therapy-ipt/ |access-date=26 April 2015 |publisher=Nightingale Hospital}}</ref> Gerald Klerman da Myrna Weissman ne suka ƙirƙiro maganin domin magance [[Babban rashin damuwa|matsalar baƙin ciki]] a shekarun 1970 kuma tun daga lokacin aka daidaita shi da wasu matsalolin kwakwalwa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cuijpers |first=Pim |last2=Donker |first2=Tara |last3=Weissman |first3=Myrna M. |last4=Ravitz |first4=Paula |last5=Cristea |first5=Ioana A. |year=2016 |title=Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Mental Health Problems: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis |journal=American Journal of Psychiatry |volume=173 |issue=7 |pages=680–7 |doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15091141 |pmid=27032627 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> IPT magani ne da aka tabbatar da inganci wajen magance matsalolin damuwa kuma yana da tasiri sosai idan aka yi amfani da shi tare da magungunan tabin hankali. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Weissman |first=Myrna M. |last2=Prusoff |first2=Brigitte A. |last3=Dimascio |first3=Alberto |last4=Neu |first4=Carlos |last5=Goklaney |first5=Mahesh |last6=Klerman |first6=Gerald L. |date=1979-04-01 |title=The Efficacy of Drugs and Psychotherapy in the Treatment of Acute Depressive Episodes |url=https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.555 |journal=American Journal of Psychiatry |volume=136 |issue=4B |pages=555–558 |doi=10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.555 |issn=0002-953X |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Tarihi == Asalin sunan maganin "high contact therapy", an fara ƙirƙiro IPT a shekarar 1969 a Jami'ar Yale a matsayin wani ɓangare na wani bincike da Gerald Klerman, Myrna Weissman da abokan aikinsa suka tsara don gwada ingancin maganin rage damuwa tare da psychotherapy da kuma ba tare da psychotherapy a matsayin maganin kula da damuwa ba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Weissman |first=Myrna M. |date=August 2006 |title=A Brief History of Interpersonal Psychotherapy |url=http://www.healio.com/journals/psycann/2006-8-36-8/%7B4f27509b-d22b-4451-9e14-4ded3843ddf0%7D/a-brief-history-of-interpersonal-psychotherapy |journal=Psychiatric Annals |volume=36 |issue=8 |doi=10.3928/00485713-20060801-03 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Markowitz |first=John C. |last2=Weissman |first2=Myrna M. |year=2012 |title=Interpersonal Psychotherapy: Past, Present and Future |journal=Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=99–105 |doi=10.1002/cpp.1774 |pmc=3427027 |pmid=22331561}}</ref> Gerald Klerman ƙwararre ne a fannin magance baƙin ciki, [[Matsalar damuwa|matsalolin damuwa]], da kuma [[Hauka|schizophrenia]] . Yana son ya gwada ko dangantakar da ke tsakanin mutane ta shafi farkon cutar tabin hankali ko tsawon lokacin da aka ɗauka. An gudanar da bincike ta amfani da tsarin IPT na asali. Daga waɗannan nazarin, Klerman ya kammala da cewa maganin mutum-da-ɗaya wanda aka tsara don inganta alaƙar mutane yana da alaƙa da inganta alamun cutar. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sloan |first=G |date=September 26, 2008 |title=An Overview and History of Interpersonal Psychotherapy |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24235912 |journal=Nursing Standard |volume=23 |issue=26 |pages=44–49 |via=Research Net}}</ref> == Tushe == CBT da kuma hanyoyin psychodynamic sun rinjayi IPT. Yana ɗaukar tsarinsa daga CBT saboda yana da iyakataccen lokaci kuma yana amfani da tsare-tsare na tambayoyi da kayan aikin tantancewa. Gabaɗaya, duk da haka, IPT yana mai da hankali kai tsaye kan tasirin, ko ji, yayin da CBT ke mai da hankali kan fahimta tare da tasirin da ke da alaƙa mai ƙarfi. Ba kamar CBT ba, IPT ba ta yin ƙoƙarin gano tunanin da aka gurbata ta hanyar ba da aikin gida ko wasu ayyuka, kuma ba ta taimaka wa majiyyaci ya ƙirƙiri wasu hanyoyin tunani ta hanyar yin aikin da aka tsara. Maimakon haka, yayin da shaida ta taso a lokacin jiyya, mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali yana jawo hankali ga tunani mara kyau dangane da wasu manyan mutane. Manufar ita ce a canza yanayin dangantaka maimakon fahimtar damuwa da ke tattare da ita, waɗanda aka yarda da su a matsayin alamun damuwa. Abubuwan da ke cikin maganin IPT sun samo asali ne daga ka'idar Haɗawa da kuma nazarin halayyar ɗan adam na Harry Stack Sullivan . Ka'idar zamantakewa kuma tana da tasiri a cikin ƙaramin rawa, sai dai a mai da hankali kan tasirin inganci na hanyoyin [[Taimako na zamantakewa|tallafawa zamantakewa]] don murmurewa. Ba kamar hanyoyin psychodynamic ba, IPT ba ta haɗa da ka'idar halayyar mutum ko yunƙurin fahimtar ko kula da halayyar mutum ba, amma tana mai da hankali kan aikace-aikacen ɗan adam na fahimtar hulɗar mutane. * '''Ka'idar Haɗin Kai''', ita ce tushen fahimtar matsalolin dangantaka tsakanin marasa lafiya, tsarin haɗin kai <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartholomew |first=Kim |last2=Horowitz |first2=Leonard M. |year=1991 |title=Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |volume=61 |issue=2 |pages=226–44 |doi=10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.226 |pmid=1920064}}</ref> da kuma ingantaccen aiki lokacin da aka biya buƙatun haɗin kai. * '''Ka'idar Hulɗa da Mutane''', ta bayyana hanyoyin da hanyoyin sadarwa marasa lafiya marasa daidaituwa ( ''Ƙaranci zuwa Babban Haɗin kai & Haɗawa da kuma Matsayin da ya fi rinjaye ga biyayya'' ) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kiesler |first=Donald J. |last2=Watkins |first2=Lucy M. |year=1989 |title=Interpersonal complementarity and the therapeutic alliance: A study of relationship in psychotherapy |journal=Psychotherapy |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=183–94 |doi=10.1037/h0085418}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kiesler |first=DJ |year=1979 |title=An interpersonal communication analysis of relationship in psychotherapy |journal=Psychiatry |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=299–311 |doi=10.1080/00332747.1979.11024034 |pmid=504511}}</ref> ke haifarwa ko haifar da matsala a cikin dangantakarsu ta yanzu da ta yanzu. Manufar IPT ita ce taimaka wa majiyyaci wajen inganta ƙwarewar sadarwa tsakanin mutane da kuma tsakanin mutane a cikin dangantaka da kuma haɓaka hanyar sadarwar tallafawa zamantakewa tare da tsammanin gaske don magance matsalolin da suka haifar da damuwa da kuma shawo kan 'haɗarin mutane'. == Hanyar == Maganin hulɗa tsakanin mutane yana magana ne game da dangantakar da ke tsakanin mutane a yanzu kuma yana mai da hankali kan yanayin zamantakewa na majiyyaci nan take. Tsarin asali na maganin hulɗar mutane ya ƙunshi matakai uku daban-daban. Mataki na farko yana ɗaukar tsawon zaman ilimin halayyar ɗan adam guda uku. A wannan lokacin, likitan zai tantance [[Alamar cututtuka|alamun]] majiyyaci kuma ya ba shi [[Binciken ganewa|ganewar asali]] . Suna yin bitar ayyukan zamantakewa na majiyyaci a yanzu da kuma dangantakarsa ta kud da kud. Likitan zai tantance yadda tasirin da majiyyacin ke da shi a yanzu ya shafi yanayin majiyyacin ko kuma ya taimaka wajen fara bayyanar alamun cutar. Alamomin suna da alaƙa da yanayin majiyyaci, wanda zai iya ƙunsar baƙin ciki, takaddama kan rawar da mutum ke takawa, sauyin matsayi, ko kuma rashin daidaito tsakanin mutane. A mataki na biyu, mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali zai zaɓi dabarun magance matsalolin dangantaka tsakanin majiyyaci da wanda ke da alaƙa da shi. Mataki na uku yana ɗaukar makonni 12 zuwa 16, kuma an yi shi ne don bai wa majiyyaci goyon baya da kuma amincewa da ci gaban da suka samu. <ref>{{Citation|journal=Michelle B.|url-status=Alarcón|access-date=Alfonso}}</ref> == Aikace-aikacen asibiti == An nuna cewa magani ne mai inganci ga baƙin ciki kuma an gyara shi don magance wasu cututtukan tabin hankali kamar [[Rashin amfani da kwayoyi|matsalolin shan ƙwayoyi]] da matsalolin cin abinci . Ya zama wajibi ga mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali a cikin maganin ya kafa haɗin gwiwa cikin sauri tare da kyakkyawar hanyar sadarwa ta ɗumi, tausayi, fahimtar juna da kuma kyakkyawar kulawa don ƙarfafa kyakkyawar alaƙar canja wuri, wanda daga gare shi majiyyaci zai iya neman taimako daga mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali duk da juriya. Ana amfani da shi galibi a matsayin magani na ɗan gajeren lokaci wanda aka kammala cikin makonni 12-16, amma kuma an yi amfani da shi azaman maganin kulawa ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da baƙin ciki mai maimaitawa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cornes |first=CL |last2=Frank |first2=E |year=1994 |title=Interpersonal psychotherapy for depression |journal=The Clinical Psychologist |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=9–10}}</ref> An samo wani magani mai gajere, na tsawon makonni 6 wanda ya dace da wuraren [[kulawa na farko]] da ake kira Interpersonal counseling (IPC) daga IPT. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Judd |first=F. |last2=Weissman |first2=M. |last3=Davis |first3=J. |last4=Hodgins |first4=G. |last5=Piterman |first5=L. |date=2004 |title=Interpersonal counselling in general practice |journal=Australian Family Physician |volume=33 |pages=332–337 |pmid=15227863}}</ref> An gano cewa ilimin halayyar ɗan adam yana da tasiri ga waɗannan: * [[Cutar bipolar|Matsalar Bipolar]] * Bulimia nervosa * [[Babban rashin damuwa|Babban matsalar damuwa]] <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zhou |first=Xinyu |last2=Hetrick |first2=Sarah E. |last3=Cuijpers |first3=Pim |last4=Qin |first4=Bin |last5=Barth |first5=Jürgen |last6=Whittington |first6=Craig J. |last7=Cohen |first7=David |last8=Del Giovane |first8=Cinzia |last9=Liu |first9=Yiyun |last10=Michael |first10=Kurt D. |last11=Zhang |first11=Yuqing |last12=Weisz |first12=John R. |author-link12=John R. Weisz |last13=Xie |first13=Peng |year=2015 |title=Comparative efficacy and acceptability of psychotherapies for depression in children and adolescents: A systematic review and network meta-analysis |journal=World Psychiatry |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=207–22 |doi=10.1002/wps.20217 |pmc=4471978 |pmid=26043339}}</ref> * [[Rashin lafiya bayan haihuwa|Baƙin ciki bayan haihuwa]] * [[Rashin damuwa bayan rauni|PTSD]] === Ciwon Bipolar === Ciwon da ke faruwa tsakanin mutane biyu (bipolar disorder) yana da alaƙa da raguwar ingancin dangantakar da ke tsakanin mutane da kuma gamsuwar kai tsaye da ayyukan zamantakewa ko nishaɗi. Bincike kan maganin cutar bipolar ya kammala da cewa marasa lafiya za su buƙaci haɗakar magani da magani. Wani bincike da aka yi wanda ya yi amfani da maganin hulɗa da mutane a matsayin maganin bipolar ya gano cewa haɗakar IPT, maganin zamantakewa da magunguna sun inganta aikin marasa lafiya. Duk da haka, waɗannan marasa lafiya har yanzu suna fuskantar matsi da baƙin ciki. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Crowe |first=Marie |last2=Porter |first2=Richard |last3=Inder |first3=Maree |last4=Carlyle |first4=Dave |last5=Luty |first5=Suzanne |last6=Lacey |first6=Cameron |last7=Frampton |first7=Christopher |date=April 20, 2020 |title=Clinical Effectiveness Trial of Adjunctive Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy for Patients With Bipolar Disorder |url=https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20190035 |journal=American Journal of Psychotherapy |volume=73 |issue=3 |pages=107–114 |doi=10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20190035 |issn=0002-9564}}</ref> Wani bita da ya yi nazari kan hanyoyin magani daban-daban da kuma fa'idodinsu ga marasa lafiya masu fama da matsalar bipolar ya kammala da cewa IPT ta nuna ingancin asibiti ga alamun cutar subsyndromal. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jones |first=Steven |date=2004-06-01 |title=Psychotherapy of bipolar disorder: a review |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165032703001113 |journal=Journal of Affective Disorders |volume=80 |issue=2 |pages=101–114 |doi=10.1016/S0165-0327(03)00111-3 |issn=0165-0327 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Bulimia Nervosa === Akwai tsarin nazari na hulɗa tsakanin mutane wanda ke ƙoƙarin bayyana farkon alamun cutar bulimia nervosa. Tsarin ya nuna cewa wahalhalun da mutane ke fuskanta wajen hulɗa da mutane suna haifar da ƙarancin girman kai da mummunan tasiri wanda hakan ke haifar da halayen da ake gani a cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar bulimia. A cikin gwaje-gwaje guda biyu daban-daban da suka shafi marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar bulimia, ba a kammala da cewa maganin hulɗa da mutane yana da tasiri wajen magance cutar bulimia nervosa ba idan aka kwatanta da maganin halayyar fahimta . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Agras |first=W. Stewart |last2=Walsh |first2=B. Timothy |last3=Fairburn |first3=Christopher G. |last4=Wilson |first4=G. Terence |last5=Kraemer |first5=Helena C. |date=2000-05-01 |title=A Multicenter Comparison of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Bulimia Nervosa |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/481603 |journal=Archives of General Psychiatry |volume=57 |issue=5 |pages=459–466 |doi=10.1001/archpsyc.57.5.459 |issn=0003-990X |url-access=subscription}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Three Psychological Treatments for Bulimia Nervosa |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/495355 |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=jamanetwork.com}}</ref> Duk da haka, masu bincike sun gano cewa shekara guda bayan waɗannan gwaje-gwajen guda biyu, babu wani bambanci mai mahimmanci a asibiti tsakanin marasa lafiya da suka sami IPT idan aka kwatanta da CBT. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hagan |first=Kelsey E. |last2=Walsh |first2=B. Timothy |date=2021-01-01 |title=State of the Art: The Therapeutic Approaches to Bulimia Nervosa |journal=Clinical Therapeutics |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=40–49 |doi=10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.10.012 |issn=0149-2918 |pmc=7902447}}</ref> === Babban Ciwon Damuwa === Idan mutum yana cikin baƙin ciki, zai iya fuskantar waɗannan alamu: kaɗaici a cikin jama'a, gajiya mai yawa, rashin kwarin gwiwa, rashin farin ciki, da ƙari. An yi amfani da IPT a matsayin maganin rashin jin daɗi saboda iyawarsa ta taimakawa wajen dawo da dangantaka ta zamantakewa. Yawanci, akwai matakai uku na IPT don magance baƙin ciki. Mataki na farko ya ƙunshi zaman gabatarwa na jiyya tare da mai ba da shawara da majiyyaci inda mai ba da shawara zai fara fahimtar alamun majiyyaci da rikice-rikicen da ke tsakanin mutane. Sannan ana tsara manufofi domin a samar da hanyar warkarwa ga majiyyaci. Mataki na biyu na IPT yana haɗa alamun da mara lafiyar ke nunawa da rikice-rikicen da ke tsakaninsa da mutane. Musamman ma, wannan matakin magani yana ƙoƙarin gano abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jin daɗin mara lafiya. Mataki na uku kuma na ƙarshe na wannan maganin yana farawa ne lokacin da alamun majiyyaci suka daidaita. An kafa tsare-tsare don ci gaba da magani idan majiyyacin ya sake fara sake kamuwa da alamun damuwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ravitz |first=Paula |date=February 2004 |title=The Interpersonal Fulcrum -- Interpersonal Therapy for Treatment of Depression |url=https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50823881/ravitz-SF-libre.pdf?1481420030=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DEvidence_Based_Psychotherapies_The_Inter.pdf&Expires=1731709305&Signature=F6HzQNA55Jn5XXWRiBjTVC9mHQ~vybaeUeEpvBk4m9Yh5KOYTZ4rcKeJ3QUpGSen7nCu~vU~V7~kzZie8NGxfroXsz3H2dHq1GWhm2DewMdbjx2woJYCs~84cDcqS2G5BjGfDr-87NGloq2mMjdbfpBIIDRzv3HVjVVysp7Z7R91oLWRRlExy~zjAliS-go2~fmvrGprfBAmTN9xiM1TCLffR7X2YpDTNswmeRUjJBh5qh3eu8UokBT695YrqJXlMwT1igUfg6JMHEJ8QV7OyZCtSGpE0FgdOIP-otMASGQReqZKDM3QL-67hO3GKZJDDbkJwSDHc~feqDjeyfPmJg__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA |journal=Evidence-Based Psychotherapies |volume=1 |issue=36 |pages=15–19}}</ref> === Matsalar Damuwa Bayan Rauni === Matsalar damuwa bayan tashin hankali na iya samo asali ne daga rikicin tsakanin mutane. Abubuwan da suka faru masu tayar da hankali kamar fyaɗe ko rashin kula da yara na iya haifar da mummunan tasiri ga ikon majiyyaci na shiga wasu dangantaka. Rikice-rikicen da ke tsakanin mutane yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan alamun cutar PTSD. Akwai hanyoyin kwantar da hankali daban-daban da aka yi amfani da su don magance alamun PTSD, amma magani ɗaya mai tasiri bai wanzu ba tukuna. Maganin hulɗa tsakanin mutane yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin magance matsalolin damuwa ga marasa lafiya da PTSD. A cikin nazarin asibiti, maganin hulɗar mutane ya haifar da raguwar alamun cutar PTSD mai baƙin ciki bayan zaman rukuni 16. Zaman rukuni yana bin matakai uku iri ɗaya kamar yadda ake yi wa mutum da kuma yadda ake kula da lafiyarsa. An kuma rage alamun damuwa a cikin mata waɗanda suka fuskanci raunin cin zarafin jima'i bayan zaman IPT na musamman sau 16. Wannan raguwar ta kasance mai mahimmanci idan aka kwatanta da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na mutum ɗaya<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Althobaiti |first1=Salman |last2=Kazantzis |first2=Nikolaos |last3=Ofori-Asenso |first3=Richard |last4=Romero |first4=Lorena |last5=Fisher |first5=Jane |last6=Mills |first6=Kerry E |last7=Liew |first7=Danny |date=2020-03-01 |title=Efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165032719328526?fr=RR-2&ref=pdf_download&rr=8e5156295c008fc9 |journal=Journal of Affective Disorders |volume=264 |pages=286–294 |doi=10.1016/j.jad.2019.12.021 |issn=0165-0327|url-access=subscription }}</ref> === Damuwa Bayan Haihuwa === Baƙin ciki bayan haihuwa yana faruwa ne bayan haihuwa kuma yana kwaikwayon alamun damuwa na yau da kullun, kodayake wasu alamun sun bambanta: ra'ayoyin kashe jarirai, tashin hankali, da tunanin tilastawa. Ana ganin maganin hulɗa da mutane a matsayin magani mai kyau ga baƙin cikin bayan haihuwa saboda yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma yana mai da hankali kan abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwa da dangantaka a yanzu. A cikin wani bincike na tsawon makonni goma sha biyu da aka yi amfani da shi ta hanyar amfani da IPT, kashi 100% na marasa lafiya ba su cika sharuddan ganewar cutar damuwa bayan haihuwa ba kafin ƙarshen binciken. Sakamakon wani bincike makamancin haka ya nuna cewa zaman jiyya na tsawon mako 12 na mutane ya dakatar da abubuwan da ke haifar da damuwa ga uwaye bayan haihuwa. Yawancin wasu bincike da aka gudanar sun gano cewa matsakaicin lokacin da iyaye mata ke ɗauka kafin su murmure gaba ɗaya shine makonni 28.60. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Miniati |first=Mario |last2=Callari |first2=Antonio |last3=Calugi |first3=Simona |last4=Rucci |first4=Paola |last5=Savino |first5=Mario |last6=Mauri |first6=Mauro |last7=Dell’Osso |first7=Liliana |date=2014-08-01 |title=Interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: a systematic review |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00737-014-0442-7 |journal=Archives of Women's Mental Health |language=en |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=257–268 |doi=10.1007/s00737-014-0442-7 |issn=1435-1102 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Matasa === Duk da cewa an fara amfani da IPT a matsayin magani na mutum ɗaya ga [[Baligi|manya]], an gyara shi don amfani da shi ga [[Samartaka|matasa]] da tsofaffi. IPT ga yara ya dogara ne akan ra'ayin cewa baƙin ciki yana faruwa ne a cikin mahallin dangantakar mutum ba tare da la'akari da asalinsa a cikin ilmin halitta ko kwayoyin halitta ba. Musamman ma, baƙin ciki yana shafar dangantakar mutane kuma waɗannan alaƙar suna ƙara shafar yanayinmu. Tsarin IPT ya gano fannoni huɗu na gabaɗaya waɗanda mutum zai iya fuskantar matsalolin dangantaka: # baƙin ciki bayan rashin ƙaunatacce; # rikici a cikin manyan dangantaka, gami da dangantakar abokin ciniki da kansa; # wahalhalun daidaitawa da canje-canje a dangantaka ko yanayin rayuwa; da kuma # wahalhalun da suka samo asali daga warewar jama'a. Mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali na IPT yana taimakawa wajen gano wuraren da ake buƙatar gina ƙwarewa don inganta dangantakar abokin ciniki da kuma rage alamun damuwa. A tsawon lokaci, abokin ciniki yana koyon danganta canje-canje a cikin yanayi da abubuwan da ke faruwa a dangantakarsa/ta, yana isar da ji da tsammanin dangantakar, da kuma hanyoyin magance matsaloli da ke cikin dangantakar. <ref name="Swartz 1999">{{Cite book|edition=Alan S.}}</ref> An daidaita IPT don maganin matasa masu fama da baƙin ciki (IPT-A) don magance matsalolin ci gaban da suka fi yawa ga matasa kamar rabuwa da iyaye, haɓaka alaƙar soyayya, da kuma farkon lokacin da suka mutu daga dangi ko aboki. <ref name="Swartz 1999" /> IPT-A yana taimaka wa matasa su gano da kuma haɓaka hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa don magance matsalolin hulɗa da mutane da ke da alaƙa da farkon ko kuma kula da baƙin cikin da ke tattare da su. IPT-A yawanci magani ne na makonni 12 zuwa 16. Duk da cewa maganin ya ƙunshi zaman mutum ɗaya da matashin, ana buƙatar iyaye su shiga cikin wasu zaman don samun ilimi game da baƙin ciki, don magance duk wata matsala ta dangantaka da ka iya faruwa tsakanin matashin da iyayensa, da kuma taimakawa wajen tallafawa maganin matashin. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mufson |first=L. |year=1999 |title=Efficacy of Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depressed Adolescents |journal=Archives of General Psychiatry |volume=56 |issue=6 |pages=573–9 |doi=10.1001/archpsyc.56.6.573 |pmid=10359475}}</ref> === Tsofaffi === An yi amfani da IPT a matsayin maganin tabin hankali ga tsofaffi masu fama da baƙin ciki, tare da mai da hankali kan magance matsalolin da suka shafi hulɗa da mutane. IPT ya bayyana musamman dacewa da canje-canjen rayuwa da mutane da yawa ke fuskanta a shekarunsu na baya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hinrichsen |first=Gregory A. |year=1999 |title=Treating older adults with interpersonal psychotherapy for depression |journal=Journal of Clinical Psychology |volume=55 |issue=8 |pages=949–60 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199908)55:8<949::AID-JCLP4>3.0.CO;2-S}}</ref> An yi nazarin maganin hulɗa da mutane a matsayin magani ga tsofaffi masu fama da baƙin ciki. An gano cewa tsofaffi suna aiki yadda ya kamata don cimma burinsu a fannin magani saboda salon tattaunawa na halitta na IPT. A wani bincike na musamman da aka yi wanda ya tantance ingancin IPT wajen magance matsalar baƙin ciki a lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a farkon rayuwa, kashi 78% na tsofaffi sun sami cikakkiyar sassauci daga alamun baƙin cikin da suke fuskanta. Duk da haka, kashi 100% na mahalarta waɗanda suka mai da hankali kan sauyin matsayi sun fuskanci sake farfaɗowar alamun bayan sun gama maganin IPT. <ref name="Miller 16–22">{{Cite journal |last=Miller |first=Mark D. |date=2008-02-01 |title=Using interpersonal therapy (IPT) with older adults today and tomorrow: A review of the literature and new developments |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11920-008-0005-6 |journal=Current Psychiatry Reports |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=16–22 |doi=10.1007/s11920-008-0005-6 |issn=1535-1645 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> An gudanar da bincike kan amfani da IPT a matsayin magani ga tsofaffi waɗanda ke kashe kansu. A cikin waɗannan nazarin, an ba da IPT tare da magunguna da ƙarin taimakon tabin hankali. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa IPT ta rage alamun damuwa kuma ta daina yin maganganun baki na tunanin kashe kai da sauri fiye da ba tare da IPT ba. <ref name="Miller 16–22" /> == Nau'o'i == === Maganin Jin Daɗin Juna Tsakanin Mutane === An haɓaka maganin hulɗar mutane masu ƙarfi saboda rashin hanyoyin zamani na psychodynamic da ake amfani da su azaman nau'ikan gajerun hanyoyin magance matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa. DIT yana ɗaukar zamanni goma sha shida kuma yana da matakai uku daban-daban. Wannan dabarar magani ta mayar da hankali ne kan dangantakar da ke tsakanin majiyyaci da kuma ta waje. DIT tana bincika alaƙar cikin gida, wacce take kama da ka'idar psychodynamic ta [[Sigmund Freud]] . Dangantaka ta ciki tana nufin alamu marasa sani da mutum zai iya ɗauka daga dangantakar da ya gabata zuwa ta yanzu. Maganin hulɗar mutane masu ƙarfi ya bambanta da na yau da kullun na IPT domin yana nutsewa cikin waɗannan alaƙar da ba a sani ba. == Manazarta == *   [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] r3u549wha58jkm56b8ivdm837er9s54 974981 974980 2026-11-01T19:10:00Z Baffa ali 47435 974981 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ilimin halayyar ɗan adam''' ( '''IPT''' ) wani ɗan gajeren tsari ne, wanda ke mai da hankali kan magance matsalolin da ke tsakanin mutane da kuma cimma nasarar murmurewa daga alamun cutar. IPT magani ne da aka tallafa wa ta hanyar gwaji (EST) wanda ke bin tsari mai matuƙar tsari kuma mai iyakacin lokaci. Ana nufin kammala aikin jiyya tsakanin mutane cikin makonni 12-16. IPT ya dogara ne akan ƙa'idar cewa dangantaka da abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwa suna shafar yanayi da akasin haka. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Markowitz |first=JC |last2=Svartberg |first2=M |last3=Swartz |first3=HA |year=1998 |title=Is IPT time-limited psychodynamic psychotherapy? |journal=The Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=185–95 |pmc=3330506 |pmid=9631340}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) |url=http://www.nightingalehospital.co.uk/treatment/interpersonal-therapy-ipt/ |access-date=26 April 2015 |publisher=Nightingale Hospital}}</ref> Gerald Klerman da Myrna Weissman ne suka ƙirƙiro maganin domin magance [[Babban rashin damuwa|matsalar baƙin ciki]] a shekarun 1970 kuma tun daga lokacin aka daidaita shi da wasu matsalolin kwakwalwa . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cuijpers |first=Pim |last2=Donker |first2=Tara |last3=Weissman |first3=Myrna M. |last4=Ravitz |first4=Paula |last5=Cristea |first5=Ioana A. |year=2016 |title=Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Mental Health Problems: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis |journal=American Journal of Psychiatry |volume=173 |issue=7 |pages=680–7 |doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15091141 |pmid=27032627 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> IPT magani ne da aka tabbatar da inganci wajen magance matsalolin damuwa kuma yana da tasiri sosai idan aka yi amfani da shi tare da magungunan tabin hankali. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Weissman |first=Myrna M. |last2=Prusoff |first2=Brigitte A. |last3=Dimascio |first3=Alberto |last4=Neu |first4=Carlos |last5=Goklaney |first5=Mahesh |last6=Klerman |first6=Gerald L. |date=1979-04-01 |title=The Efficacy of Drugs and Psychotherapy in the Treatment of Acute Depressive Episodes |url=https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.555 |journal=American Journal of Psychiatry |volume=136 |issue=4B |pages=555–558 |doi=10.1176/ajp.1979.136.4b.555 |issn=0002-953X |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Tarihi == Asalin sunan maganin "high contact therapy", an fara ƙirƙiro IPT a shekarar 1969 a Jami'ar Yale a matsayin wani ɓangare na wani bincike da Gerald Klerman, Myrna Weissman da abokan aikinsa suka tsara don gwada ingancin maganin rage damuwa tare da psychotherapy da kuma ba tare da psychotherapy a matsayin maganin kula da damuwa ba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Weissman |first=Myrna M. |date=August 2006 |title=A Brief History of Interpersonal Psychotherapy |url=http://www.healio.com/journals/psycann/2006-8-36-8/%7B4f27509b-d22b-4451-9e14-4ded3843ddf0%7D/a-brief-history-of-interpersonal-psychotherapy |journal=Psychiatric Annals |volume=36 |issue=8 |doi=10.3928/00485713-20060801-03 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Markowitz |first=John C. |last2=Weissman |first2=Myrna M. |year=2012 |title=Interpersonal Psychotherapy: Past, Present and Future |journal=Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=99–105 |doi=10.1002/cpp.1774 |pmc=3427027 |pmid=22331561}}</ref> Gerald Klerman ƙwararre ne a fannin magance baƙin ciki, [[Matsalar damuwa|matsalolin damuwa]], da kuma [[Hauka|schizophrenia]] . Yana son ya gwada ko dangantakar da ke tsakanin mutane ta shafi farkon cutar tabin hankali ko tsawon lokacin da aka ɗauka. An gudanar da bincike ta amfani da tsarin IPT na asali. Daga waɗannan nazarin, Klerman ya kammala da cewa maganin mutum-da-ɗaya wanda aka tsara don inganta alaƙar mutane yana da alaƙa da inganta alamun cutar. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sloan |first=G |date=September 26, 2008 |title=An Overview and History of Interpersonal Psychotherapy |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24235912 |journal=Nursing Standard |volume=23 |issue=26 |pages=44–49 |via=Research Net}}</ref> == Tushe == CBT da kuma hanyoyin psychodynamic sun rinjayi IPT. Yana ɗaukar tsarinsa daga CBT saboda yana da iyakataccen lokaci kuma yana amfani da tsare-tsare na tambayoyi da kayan aikin tantancewa. Gabaɗaya, duk da haka, IPT yana mai da hankali kai tsaye kan tasirin, ko ji, yayin da CBT ke mai da hankali kan fahimta tare da tasirin da ke da alaƙa mai ƙarfi. Ba kamar CBT ba, IPT ba ta yin ƙoƙarin gano tunanin da aka gurbata ta hanyar ba da aikin gida ko wasu ayyuka, kuma ba ta taimaka wa majiyyaci ya ƙirƙiri wasu hanyoyin tunani ta hanyar yin aikin da aka tsara. Maimakon haka, yayin da shaida ta taso a lokacin jiyya, mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali yana jawo hankali ga tunani mara kyau dangane da wasu manyan mutane. Manufar ita ce a canza yanayin dangantaka maimakon fahimtar damuwa da ke tattare da ita, waɗanda aka yarda da su a matsayin alamun damuwa. Abubuwan da ke cikin maganin IPT sun samo asali ne daga ka'idar Haɗawa da kuma nazarin halayyar ɗan adam na Harry Stack Sullivan . Ka'idar zamantakewa kuma tana da tasiri a cikin ƙaramin rawa, sai dai a mai da hankali kan tasirin inganci na hanyoyin [[Taimako na zamantakewa|tallafawa zamantakewa]] don murmurewa. Ba kamar hanyoyin psychodynamic ba, IPT ba ta haɗa da ka'idar halayyar mutum ko yunƙurin fahimtar ko kula da halayyar mutum ba, amma tana mai da hankali kan aikace-aikacen ɗan adam na fahimtar hulɗar mutane. * '''Ka'idar Haɗin Kai''', ita ce tushen fahimtar matsalolin dangantaka tsakanin marasa lafiya, tsarin haɗin kai <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartholomew |first=Kim |last2=Horowitz |first2=Leonard M. |year=1991 |title=Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |volume=61 |issue=2 |pages=226–44 |doi=10.1037/0022-3514.61.2.226 |pmid=1920064}}</ref> da kuma ingantaccen aiki lokacin da aka biya buƙatun haɗin kai. * '''Ka'idar Hulɗa da Mutane''', ta bayyana hanyoyin da hanyoyin sadarwa marasa lafiya marasa daidaituwa ( ''Ƙaranci zuwa Babban Haɗin kai & Haɗawa da kuma Matsayin da ya fi rinjaye ga biyayya'' ) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kiesler |first=Donald J. |last2=Watkins |first2=Lucy M. |year=1989 |title=Interpersonal complementarity and the therapeutic alliance: A study of relationship in psychotherapy |journal=Psychotherapy |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=183–94 |doi=10.1037/h0085418}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kiesler |first=DJ |year=1979 |title=An interpersonal communication analysis of relationship in psychotherapy |journal=Psychiatry |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=299–311 |doi=10.1080/00332747.1979.11024034 |pmid=504511}}</ref> ke haifarwa ko haifar da matsala a cikin dangantakarsu ta yanzu da ta yanzu. Manufar IPT ita ce taimaka wa majiyyaci wajen inganta ƙwarewar sadarwa tsakanin mutane da kuma tsakanin mutane a cikin dangantaka da kuma haɓaka hanyar sadarwar tallafawa zamantakewa tare da tsammanin gaske don magance matsalolin da suka haifar da damuwa da kuma shawo kan 'haɗarin mutane'. == Hanyar == Maganin hulɗa tsakanin mutane yana magana ne game da dangantakar da ke tsakanin mutane a yanzu kuma yana mai da hankali kan yanayin zamantakewa na majiyyaci nan take. Tsarin asali na maganin hulɗar mutane ya ƙunshi matakai uku daban-daban. Mataki na farko yana ɗaukar tsawon zaman ilimin halayyar ɗan adam guda uku. A wannan lokacin, likitan zai tantance [[Alamar cututtuka|alamun]] majiyyaci kuma ya ba shi [[Binciken ganewa|ganewar asali]] . Suna yin bitar ayyukan zamantakewa na majiyyaci a yanzu da kuma dangantakarsa ta kud da kud. Likitan zai tantance yadda tasirin da majiyyacin ke da shi a yanzu ya shafi yanayin majiyyacin ko kuma ya taimaka wajen fara bayyanar alamun cutar. Alamomin suna da alaƙa da yanayin majiyyaci, wanda zai iya ƙunsar baƙin ciki, takaddama kan rawar da mutum ke takawa, sauyin matsayi, ko kuma rashin daidaito tsakanin mutane. A mataki na biyu, mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali zai zaɓi dabarun magance matsalolin dangantaka tsakanin majiyyaci da wanda ke da alaƙa da shi. Mataki na uku yana ɗaukar makonni 12 zuwa 16, kuma an yi shi ne don bai wa majiyyaci goyon baya da kuma amincewa da ci gaban da suka samu. <ref>{{Citation|journal=Michelle B.|url-status=Alarcón|access-date=Alfonso}}</ref> == Aikace-aikacen asibiti == An nuna cewa magani ne mai inganci ga baƙin ciki kuma an gyara shi don magance wasu cututtukan tabin hankali kamar [[Rashin amfani da kwayoyi|matsalolin shan ƙwayoyi]] da matsalolin cin abinci . Ya zama wajibi ga mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali a cikin maganin ya kafa haɗin gwiwa cikin sauri tare da kyakkyawar hanyar sadarwa ta ɗumi, tausayi, fahimtar juna da kuma kyakkyawar kulawa don ƙarfafa kyakkyawar alaƙar canja wuri, wanda daga gare shi majiyyaci zai iya neman taimako daga mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali duk da juriya. Ana amfani da shi galibi a matsayin magani na ɗan gajeren lokaci wanda aka kammala cikin makonni 12-16, amma kuma an yi amfani da shi azaman maganin kulawa ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da baƙin ciki mai maimaitawa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cornes |first=CL |last2=Frank |first2=E |year=1994 |title=Interpersonal psychotherapy for depression |journal=The Clinical Psychologist |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=9–10}}</ref> An samo wani magani mai gajere, na tsawon makonni 6 wanda ya dace da wuraren [[kulawa na farko]] da ake kira Interpersonal counseling (IPC) daga IPT. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Judd |first=F. |last2=Weissman |first2=M. |last3=Davis |first3=J. |last4=Hodgins |first4=G. |last5=Piterman |first5=L. |date=2004 |title=Interpersonal counselling in general practice |journal=Australian Family Physician |volume=33 |pages=332–337 |pmid=15227863}}</ref> An gano cewa ilimin halayyar ɗan adam yana da tasiri ga waɗannan: * [[Cutar bipolar|Matsalar Bipolar]] * Bulimia nervosa * [[Babban rashin damuwa|Babban matsalar damuwa]] <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zhou |first=Xinyu |last2=Hetrick |first2=Sarah E. |last3=Cuijpers |first3=Pim |last4=Qin |first4=Bin |last5=Barth |first5=Jürgen |last6=Whittington |first6=Craig J. |last7=Cohen |first7=David |last8=Del Giovane |first8=Cinzia |last9=Liu |first9=Yiyun |last10=Michael |first10=Kurt D. |last11=Zhang |first11=Yuqing |last12=Weisz |first12=John R. |author-link12=John R. Weisz |last13=Xie |first13=Peng |year=2015 |title=Comparative efficacy and acceptability of psychotherapies for depression in children and adolescents: A systematic review and network meta-analysis |journal=World Psychiatry |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=207–22 |doi=10.1002/wps.20217 |pmc=4471978 |pmid=26043339}}</ref> * [[Rashin lafiya bayan haihuwa|Baƙin ciki bayan haihuwa]] * [[Rashin damuwa bayan rauni|PTSD]] === Ciwon Bipolar === Ciwon da ke faruwa tsakanin mutane biyu (bipolar disorder) yana da alaƙa da raguwar ingancin dangantakar da ke tsakanin mutane da kuma gamsuwar kai tsaye da ayyukan zamantakewa ko nishaɗi. Bincike kan maganin cutar bipolar ya kammala da cewa marasa lafiya za su buƙaci haɗakar magani da magani. Wani bincike da aka yi wanda ya yi amfani da maganin hulɗa da mutane a matsayin maganin bipolar ya gano cewa haɗakar IPT, maganin zamantakewa da magunguna sun inganta aikin marasa lafiya. Duk da haka, waɗannan marasa lafiya har yanzu suna fuskantar matsi da baƙin ciki. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Crowe |first=Marie |last2=Porter |first2=Richard |last3=Inder |first3=Maree |last4=Carlyle |first4=Dave |last5=Luty |first5=Suzanne |last6=Lacey |first6=Cameron |last7=Frampton |first7=Christopher |date=April 20, 2020 |title=Clinical Effectiveness Trial of Adjunctive Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy for Patients With Bipolar Disorder |url=https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20190035 |journal=American Journal of Psychotherapy |volume=73 |issue=3 |pages=107–114 |doi=10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20190035 |issn=0002-9564}}</ref> Wani bita da ya yi nazari kan hanyoyin magani daban-daban da kuma fa'idodinsu ga marasa lafiya masu fama da matsalar bipolar ya kammala da cewa IPT ta nuna ingancin asibiti ga alamun cutar subsyndromal. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jones |first=Steven |date=2004-06-01 |title=Psychotherapy of bipolar disorder: a review |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165032703001113 |journal=Journal of Affective Disorders |volume=80 |issue=2 |pages=101–114 |doi=10.1016/S0165-0327(03)00111-3 |issn=0165-0327 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Bulimia Nervosa === Akwai tsarin nazari na hulɗa tsakanin mutane wanda ke ƙoƙarin bayyana farkon alamun cutar bulimia nervosa. Tsarin ya nuna cewa wahalhalun da mutane ke fuskanta wajen hulɗa da mutane suna haifar da ƙarancin girman kai da mummunan tasiri wanda hakan ke haifar da halayen da ake gani a cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar bulimia. A cikin gwaje-gwaje guda biyu daban-daban da suka shafi marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar bulimia, ba a kammala da cewa maganin hulɗa da mutane yana da tasiri wajen magance cutar bulimia nervosa ba idan aka kwatanta da maganin halayyar fahimta . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Agras |first=W. Stewart |last2=Walsh |first2=B. Timothy |last3=Fairburn |first3=Christopher G. |last4=Wilson |first4=G. Terence |last5=Kraemer |first5=Helena C. |date=2000-05-01 |title=A Multicenter Comparison of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Bulimia Nervosa |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/481603 |journal=Archives of General Psychiatry |volume=57 |issue=5 |pages=459–466 |doi=10.1001/archpsyc.57.5.459 |issn=0003-990X |url-access=subscription}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Three Psychological Treatments for Bulimia Nervosa |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/495355 |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=jamanetwork.com}}</ref> Duk da haka, masu bincike sun gano cewa shekara guda bayan waɗannan gwaje-gwajen guda biyu, babu wani bambanci mai mahimmanci a asibiti tsakanin marasa lafiya da suka sami IPT idan aka kwatanta da CBT. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hagan |first=Kelsey E. |last2=Walsh |first2=B. Timothy |date=2021-01-01 |title=State of the Art: The Therapeutic Approaches to Bulimia Nervosa |journal=Clinical Therapeutics |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=40–49 |doi=10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.10.012 |issn=0149-2918 |pmc=7902447}}</ref> === Babban Ciwon Damuwa === Idan mutum yana cikin baƙin ciki, zai iya fuskantar waɗannan alamu: kaɗaici a cikin jama'a, gajiya mai yawa, rashin kwarin gwiwa, rashin farin ciki, da ƙari. An yi amfani da IPT a matsayin maganin rashin jin daɗi saboda iyawarsa ta taimakawa wajen dawo da dangantaka ta zamantakewa. Yawanci, akwai matakai uku na IPT don magance baƙin ciki. Mataki na farko ya ƙunshi zaman gabatarwa na jiyya tare da mai ba da shawara da majiyyaci inda mai ba da shawara zai fara fahimtar alamun majiyyaci da rikice-rikicen da ke tsakanin mutane. Sannan ana tsara manufofi domin a samar da hanyar warkarwa ga majiyyaci. Mataki na biyu na IPT yana haɗa alamun da mara lafiyar ke nunawa da rikice-rikicen da ke tsakaninsa da mutane. Musamman ma, wannan matakin magani yana ƙoƙarin gano abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin jin daɗin mara lafiya. Mataki na uku kuma na ƙarshe na wannan maganin yana farawa ne lokacin da alamun majiyyaci suka daidaita. An kafa tsare-tsare don ci gaba da magani idan majiyyacin ya sake fara sake kamuwa da alamun damuwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ravitz |first=Paula |date=February 2004 |title=The Interpersonal Fulcrum -- Interpersonal Therapy for Treatment of Depression |url=https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/50823881/ravitz-SF-libre.pdf?1481420030=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DEvidence_Based_Psychotherapies_The_Inter.pdf&Expires=1731709305&Signature=F6HzQNA55Jn5XXWRiBjTVC9mHQ~vybaeUeEpvBk4m9Yh5KOYTZ4rcKeJ3QUpGSen7nCu~vU~V7~kzZie8NGxfroXsz3H2dHq1GWhm2DewMdbjx2woJYCs~84cDcqS2G5BjGfDr-87NGloq2mMjdbfpBIIDRzv3HVjVVysp7Z7R91oLWRRlExy~zjAliS-go2~fmvrGprfBAmTN9xiM1TCLffR7X2YpDTNswmeRUjJBh5qh3eu8UokBT695YrqJXlMwT1igUfg6JMHEJ8QV7OyZCtSGpE0FgdOIP-otMASGQReqZKDM3QL-67hO3GKZJDDbkJwSDHc~feqDjeyfPmJg__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA |journal=Evidence-Based Psychotherapies |volume=1 |issue=36 |pages=15–19}}</ref> === Matsalar Damuwa Bayan Rauni === Matsalar damuwa bayan tashin hankali na iya samo asali ne daga rikicin tsakanin mutane. Abubuwan da suka faru masu tayar da hankali kamar fyaɗe ko rashin kula da yara na iya haifar da mummunan tasiri ga ikon majiyyaci na shiga wasu dangantaka. Rikice-rikicen da ke tsakanin mutane yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan alamun cutar PTSD. Akwai hanyoyin kwantar da hankali daban-daban da aka yi amfani da su don magance alamun PTSD, amma magani ɗaya mai tasiri bai wanzu ba tukuna. Maganin hulɗa tsakanin mutane yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin magance matsalolin damuwa ga marasa lafiya da PTSD. A cikin nazarin asibiti, maganin hulɗar mutane ya haifar da raguwar alamun cutar PTSD mai baƙin ciki bayan zaman rukuni 16. Zaman rukuni yana bin matakai uku iri ɗaya kamar yadda ake yi wa mutum da kuma yadda ake kula da lafiyarsa. An kuma rage alamun damuwa a cikin mata waɗanda suka fuskanci raunin cin zarafin jima'i bayan zaman IPT na musamman sau 16. Wannan raguwar ta kasance mai mahimmanci idan aka kwatanta da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na mutum ɗaya<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Althobaiti |first1=Salman |last2=Kazantzis |first2=Nikolaos |last3=Ofori-Asenso |first3=Richard |last4=Romero |first4=Lorena |last5=Fisher |first5=Jane |last6=Mills |first6=Kerry E |last7=Liew |first7=Danny |date=2020-03-01 |title=Efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165032719328526?fr=RR-2&ref=pdf_download&rr=8e5156295c008fc9 |journal=Journal of Affective Disorders |volume=264 |pages=286–294 |doi=10.1016/j.jad.2019.12.021 |issn=0165-0327|url-access=subscription }}</ref> === Damuwa Bayan Haihuwa === Baƙin ciki bayan haihuwa yana faruwa ne bayan haihuwa kuma yana kwaikwayon alamun damuwa na yau da kullun, kodayake wasu alamun sun bambanta: ra'ayoyin kashe jarirai, tashin hankali, da tunanin tilastawa. Ana ganin maganin hulɗa da mutane a matsayin magani mai kyau ga baƙin cikin bayan haihuwa saboda yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma yana mai da hankali kan abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwa da dangantaka a yanzu. A cikin wani bincike na tsawon makonni goma sha biyu da aka yi amfani da shi ta hanyar amfani da IPT, kashi 100% na marasa lafiya ba su cika sharuddan ganewar cutar damuwa bayan haihuwa ba kafin ƙarshen binciken. Sakamakon wani bincike makamancin haka ya nuna cewa zaman jiyya na tsawon mako 12 na mutane ya dakatar da abubuwan da ke haifar da damuwa ga uwaye bayan haihuwa. Yawancin wasu bincike da aka gudanar sun gano cewa matsakaicin lokacin da iyaye mata ke ɗauka kafin su murmure gaba ɗaya shine makonni 28.60. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Miniati |first=Mario |last2=Callari |first2=Antonio |last3=Calugi |first3=Simona |last4=Rucci |first4=Paola |last5=Savino |first5=Mario |last6=Mauri |first6=Mauro |last7=Dell’Osso |first7=Liliana |date=2014-08-01 |title=Interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression: a systematic review |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00737-014-0442-7 |journal=Archives of Women's Mental Health |language=en |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=257–268 |doi=10.1007/s00737-014-0442-7 |issn=1435-1102 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Matasa === Duk da cewa an fara amfani da IPT a matsayin magani na mutum ɗaya ga [[Baligi|manya]], an gyara shi don amfani da shi ga [[Samartaka|matasa]] da tsofaffi. IPT ga yara ya dogara ne akan ra'ayin cewa baƙin ciki yana faruwa ne a cikin mahallin dangantakar mutum ba tare da la'akari da asalinsa a cikin ilmin halitta ko kwayoyin halitta ba. Musamman ma, baƙin ciki yana shafar dangantakar mutane kuma waɗannan alaƙar suna ƙara shafar yanayinmu. Tsarin IPT ya gano fannoni huɗu na gabaɗaya waɗanda mutum zai iya fuskantar matsalolin dangantaka: # baƙin ciki bayan rashin ƙaunatacce; # rikici a cikin manyan dangantaka, gami da dangantakar abokin ciniki da kansa; # wahalhalun daidaitawa da canje-canje a dangantaka ko yanayin rayuwa; da kuma # wahalhalun da suka samo asali daga warewar jama'a. Mai ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali na IPT yana taimakawa wajen gano wuraren da ake buƙatar gina ƙwarewa don inganta dangantakar abokin ciniki da kuma rage alamun damuwa. A tsawon lokaci, abokin ciniki yana koyon danganta canje-canje a cikin yanayi da abubuwan da ke faruwa a dangantakarsa/ta, yana isar da ji da tsammanin dangantakar, da kuma hanyoyin magance matsaloli da ke cikin dangantakar. <ref name="Swartz 1999">{{Cite book|edition=Alan S.}}</ref> An daidaita IPT don maganin matasa masu fama da baƙin ciki (IPT-A) don magance matsalolin ci gaban da suka fi yawa ga matasa kamar rabuwa da iyaye, haɓaka alaƙar soyayya, da kuma farkon lokacin da suka mutu daga dangi ko aboki. <ref name="Swartz 1999" /> IPT-A yana taimaka wa matasa su gano da kuma haɓaka hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa don magance matsalolin hulɗa da mutane da ke da alaƙa da farkon ko kuma kula da baƙin cikin da ke tattare da su. IPT-A yawanci magani ne na makonni 12 zuwa 16. Duk da cewa maganin ya ƙunshi zaman mutum ɗaya da matashin, ana buƙatar iyaye su shiga cikin wasu zaman don samun ilimi game da baƙin ciki, don magance duk wata matsala ta dangantaka da ka iya faruwa tsakanin matashin da iyayensa, da kuma taimakawa wajen tallafawa maganin matashin. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mufson |first=L. |year=1999 |title=Efficacy of Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depressed Adolescents |journal=Archives of General Psychiatry |volume=56 |issue=6 |pages=573–9 |doi=10.1001/archpsyc.56.6.573 |pmid=10359475}}</ref> === Tsofaffi === An yi amfani da IPT a matsayin maganin tabin hankali ga tsofaffi masu fama da baƙin ciki, tare da mai da hankali kan magance matsalolin da suka shafi hulɗa da mutane. IPT ya bayyana musamman dacewa da canje-canjen rayuwa da mutane da yawa ke fuskanta a shekarunsu na baya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hinrichsen |first=Gregory A. |year=1999 |title=Treating older adults with interpersonal psychotherapy for depression |journal=Journal of Clinical Psychology |volume=55 |issue=8 |pages=949–60 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199908)55:8<949::AID-JCLP4>3.0.CO;2-S}}</ref> An yi nazarin maganin hulɗa da mutane a matsayin magani ga tsofaffi masu fama da baƙin ciki. An gano cewa tsofaffi suna aiki yadda ya kamata don cimma burinsu a fannin magani saboda salon tattaunawa na halitta na IPT. A wani bincike na musamman da aka yi wanda ya tantance ingancin IPT wajen magance matsalar baƙin ciki a lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a farkon rayuwa, kashi 78% na tsofaffi sun sami cikakkiyar sassauci daga alamun baƙin cikin da suke fuskanta. Duk da haka, kashi 100% na mahalarta waɗanda suka mai da hankali kan sauyin matsayi sun fuskanci sake farfaɗowar alamun bayan sun gama maganin IPT. <ref name="Miller 16–22">{{Cite journal |last=Miller |first=Mark D. |date=2008-02-01 |title=Using interpersonal therapy (IPT) with older adults today and tomorrow: A review of the literature and new developments |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11920-008-0005-6 |journal=Current Psychiatry Reports |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=16–22 |doi=10.1007/s11920-008-0005-6 |issn=1535-1645 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> An gudanar da bincike kan amfani da IPT a matsayin magani ga tsofaffi waɗanda ke kashe kansu. A cikin waɗannan nazarin, an ba da IPT tare da magunguna da ƙarin taimakon tabin hankali. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa IPT ta rage alamun damuwa kuma ta daina yin maganganun baki na tunanin kashe kai da sauri fiye da ba tare da IPT ba. <ref name="Miller 16–22" /> == Nau'o'i == === Maganin Jin Daɗin Juna Tsakanin Mutane === An haɓaka maganin hulɗar mutane masu ƙarfi saboda rashin hanyoyin zamani na psychodynamic da ake amfani da su azaman nau'ikan gajerun hanyoyin magance matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa. DIT yana ɗaukar zamanni goma sha shida kuma yana da matakai uku daban-daban. Wannan dabarar magani ta mayar da hankali ne kan dangantakar da ke tsakanin majiyyaci da kuma ta waje. DIT tana bincika alaƙar cikin gida, wacce take kama da ka'idar psychodynamic ta [[Sigmund Freud]] . Dangantaka ta ciki tana nufin alamu marasa sani da mutum zai iya ɗauka daga dangantakar da ya gabata zuwa ta yanzu. Maganin hulɗar mutane masu ƙarfi ya bambanta da na yau da kullun na IPT domin yana nutsewa cikin waɗannan alaƙar da ba a sani ba. == Manazarta == *   [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] epm8snocpkze6f35ftvdur5p58jcsdk 0 180503 974984 2026-11-01T19:21:17Z Baffa ali 47435 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367357328|Crime Fighters]]" 974984 wikitext text/x-wiki Crime Fighters [[Wasan Bidiyo|wasan bidiyo]] ne da [[Konami]] ya [[Beat 'em up|ƙirƙira]] kuma ya buga a shekarar 1989 don [[Arcade video game|wasannin arcades]] . An sake shi a Japan da Arewacin Amurka a watan Yulin 1989. Ɗan wasan ya karɓi iko da wani jami'in 'yan sanda na ɓoye da aka ba shi don ceton gungun mata da aka sace daga shugaban masu aikata laifuka na birni da rundunarsa ta 'yan wasan punks na titi. Wasan yana tallafawa 'yan wasa masu yawa a lokaci guda har zuwa 'yan wasa huɗu a cikin sigar Arewacin Amurka da kuma har zuwa 'yan wasa biyu a cikin sigar da aka fitar a ƙasashen waje. ''Crime Fighters'' wani mayaki ne mai jujjuya gefe wanda ake wasa a matakai takwas, inda 'yan wasa ke fafatawa da abokan gaba da naushi, bugun ƙafa da kuma bugun ƙwallo, kuma suna iya ɗaukar makamai - gami da wuƙaƙe, bututun gubar da bindigogi - waɗanda aka ɗauka daga abokan gaba da aka ci da yaƙi. Sigar 'yan wasa huɗu kuma abin lura ne wajen maye gurbin rayuwar yau da kullun da ajiyar lafiya bisa ga bashi, kamar <nowiki><i id="mwHQ">Gauntlet</i></nowiki>, wanda ke raguwa a hankali akan lokaci kuma ana sake cika shi ta hanyar saka ƙarin tsabar kuɗi. Duk da cewa wasan ya yi kyau a wasannin Japan a lokacin da aka fitar da shi, ra'ayoyin da aka yi nazari a kansu sun kasance marasa kyau, inda aka yi suka kan yadda ba a iya tabbatar da ingancinsa ba, da kuma yadda yake taka-tsantsan da kuma saurin gudu. Duk da haka, ''Crime Fighters'' sun zama tushen wasannin da Konami zai yi nasara a nan gaba, kamar <nowiki><i id="mwIQ">Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles</i></nowiki>, <nowiki><i id="mwIw">X-Men</i></nowiki> da <nowiki><i id="mwJQ">The Simpsons</i></nowiki> . <ref name="TimeExt">{{Cite web |last=Yarwood |first=Jack |date=2023-03-15 |title=Interview: Konami Legends Reveal The Secrets Of The Arcade Hit Factory |url=https://www.timeextension.com/features/interview-konami-legends-reveal-the-secrets-of-the-arcade-hit-factory |access-date=2026-02-08 |website=Time Extension |language=en-GB}}</ref> Fim ɗin ''Vendetta'' (wanda aka sake shi a Japan a matsayin ''Crime Fighters 2'' ), ya biyo baya a shekarar 1991. Kamfanin Hamster ya sake fitar da wasan a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin ''Arcade Archives'' na Nintendo Switch da PlayStation 4 a watan Maris na 2021. <ref name="NL">{{Cite web |last=Doolan |first=Liam |date=2021-03-18 |title=Konami's Beat 'Em Up Crime Fighters Joins The Arcade Archives This Week |url=https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2021/03/konamis_beat_em_up_crime_fighters_joins_the_arcade_archives_this_week |access-date=2026-02-08 |website=Nintendo Life |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Labari == Wasu 'yan mata matasa sun ɓace a faɗin birnin, kuma babban mai aikata laifuka na yankin—wanda aka bayyana a cikin wasan a matsayin "kwando mai kiba"—shine babban wanda ake zargi da sace-sacen. <ref name="HG101">{{Cite web |title=Crime Fighters – Hardcore Gaming 101 |url=http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/crime-fighters/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> 'Yan wasa suna ɗaukar nauyin jami'an 'yan sanda na ɓoye waɗanda dole ne su kutsa kai cikin sansanin ƙungiyar masu aikata laifukan su kuma ceci matan da aka kama, suna fafatawa da duk wani ɗan fashi da makami da ya tsaya musu a hanya. <ref name="NL" /> Jami'an guda huɗu da za a iya wasa ba su da suna kuma kusan iri ɗaya ne a kamanninsu da iyawarsu, sun bambanta ne kawai a launin wandonsu, gashinsu da fatarsu. <ref name="HG101" /> == Wasan kwaikwayo == ''Crime Fighters'' wani wasa ne mai jujjuyawa a gefe wanda ya mamaye matakai takwas, wanda na farko an saita shi a cikin jirgin ƙasa mai saukar ungulu . <ref name="HG101" /> Bayan ya kayar da abokan gaba na farko, wani babban tambari yana umurtar ɗan wasan da ya kayar da abokan hamayya, wani hari da ke haifar da ƙarin lalacewa ga abokan gaba da ke kwance a ƙasa. <ref name="HG101" /> Idan aka kwatanta da wasan wasan <nowiki><i id="mwUg">Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles</i></nowiki> mai sauri na Konami, wanda aka fitar a wannan shekarar, saurinsa yana da jinkiri kuma ya fi tsari, salon ''Hardcore Gaming 101'' wanda aka kwatanta da <nowiki><i id="mwVg">Double Dragon</i></nowiki> . <ref name="HG101" /> Akwai maɓallan da za a iya naushi da kuma yin shura; danna duka biyun a lokaci guda yana yin manyan hare-hare kamar bugun tsalle mai juyawa da kuma gwiwa mai tashi. Haka kuma yana yiwuwa a kama abokan gaba a kai musu hari da motsi kamar gwiwa a fuska, da kuma buga su a cikin makwancinsu don su tsorata su, harin da aka yi masa alama da wani sauti mai ban dariya. <ref name="HG101" /> Makiya da yawa suna da makamai, suna amfani da wukake, bututun gubar da bindigogi a kan ɗan wasan. Bayan kashe waɗannan maƙiyan, ɗan wasa zai iya ɗaukar makaminsa ya yi amfani da shi har abada—wanda ba a saba gani ba a wannan lokacin, wasan ma yana ba wa 'yan wasa damar ɗaukar bindiga da amfani da ita (gami da bindiga a cikin nau'ikan 'yan wasa biyu); <ref name="HG101" /> duk da haka, idan aka buge 'yan wasa sau ɗaya, za su jefar da abin kuma zai ɓace (banda bindigogin a cikin nau'ikan 'yan wasa huɗu, muddin har yanzu suna da harsasai). A cikin nau'ikan 'yan wasa huɗu, kowane matsayi na ɗan wasa yana da nasa ramin tsabar kuɗi kuma kowane ƙimar bashi yana ƙara kusan maki ɗari na lafiya zuwa wannan matsayi wanda a hankali yana zubar da maki ɗaya na lafiya a kowace alama (kamar <nowiki><i id="mwaA">Gauntlet</i></nowiki> ). <ref name="HG101" /> 'Yan wasa suna iya bugun juna ba da gangan ba kuma su sa abokan hulɗa su ajiye makamansu har abada. Bayan kayar da shugaban a ƙarshen kowane mataki, idan wasan yana da 'yan wasa fiye da ɗaya na yanzu, to ana ba wa 'yan wasan ƙayyadadden lokaci wanda ke wartsakewa lokacin da ɗan wasa ya ji rauni kuma yana gaya wa 'yan wasan su yi faɗa matuƙar suna so kuma su rasa lafiya. Duk da cewa ana ba da wasu lafiya a ƙarshen lokacin da aka ƙayyade, yana yiwuwa a rasa lafiya fiye da yadda aka bayar a lokacin wannan faɗa. Sigar 'yan wasa biyu tana ba wa 'yan wasa adadin rayuka da aka saita kuma tsarin lafiya/lokacin aiki ana maye gurbinsa da na'urar auna rai da kuma na'urar auna rai kamar sauran na'urorin bugun su. <ref name="HG101" /> A matakin ƙarshe, shugaban ƙarshe—shugaban aikata laifuka da kansa—ya jefa wa 'yan wasan makulli ya ce su ɗauka. Yin hakan zai bai wa shugaban damar fitar da bindiga mai sarrafa kanta ya harbi 'yan wasan. Idan ɗan wasan ya rasa lafiya a wannan lokacin, wasan zai ƙare kuma za a ga mummunan ƙarshe inda shugaban ƙarshe ya gaya wa 'yan wasan su sake gwadawa. Duk da haka, ɗan wasan zai iya zaɓar kada ya ɗauki makullin ya yi harbi (ko ya yi harbi idan ɗan wasan yana da bindiga) babban mugun har sai ya sha kashi. Bayan ya yi nasara a wasan, ɗan wasan zai fuskanci ƙalubale a zagaye na ƙarshe na dukkan shugabannin wasan, inda dole ne ya kayar da kowane shugaba a wasan, wanda duk zai bayyana a allo a lokaci guda. Idan aka doke dukkan shugabannin, wasan zai ƙare ko kuma ya sake maimaitawa ba tare da ƙarewa ba. == Ci gaba da fitarwa == Konami ne ya ƙirƙiro kuma ya buga Crime Fighters, inda aka yaba wa Shūjirō Hamakawa a matsayin mai tsarawa, Masaaki Kukino, Chiyoko Hanano da Hamakawa waɗanda ke kula da fasahar, da kuma waƙoƙin da Mutsuhiko Izumi da Kenichi Matsubara suka tsara. Da yake tunani game da wasan a wata hira da Time Extension a shekarar 2023, Kukino ya ce ya tsara wasan kuma ya zana dukkan haruffan wasan, inda ya dogara da iliminsa game da abubuwan da suka faru a fina-finai da haruffan, kuma ya tuna cewa ya gamsu da shugabannin dandamali, kowannensu an ba shi nasa halayen. Ya bayyana manufarsa ta ƙira a matsayin ƙirƙirar wani abu mai daɗi da mutane huɗu za su iya yi tare, tare da yaƙe-yaƙe na gaske waɗanda suka jaddada halaye na musamman na haruffan abokan gaba, yana kawo misalai kamar harbin abokan gaba da aka ci da yaƙi da kuma kammala su da bindiga. Kukino ya sanya wa Crime Fighters suna a matsayin wanda ya fi so daga cikin wasannin da Konami ya yi nasara a kansu, yana mai cewa aikin ya koya masa yadda ake yin wasanni cikin nishaɗi Masahiro Inoue, mai shirye-shirye, wanda ya tsara dukkan haruffan abokan gaba, ya danganta abubuwan barkwancin wasan ga kansa - yana ambaton fosta "masu lasa" da karnukan abokan gaba da ke karya harinsu don yin tsalle-tsalle a ƙafar ɗan wasan da sha'awa. Duk da cewa masu tsara haruffa ne suka zana hotunan haruffan, masu shirye-shiryen sun daidaita lokacin kowane zane-zanen da ke kan allo, yayin da wani mai haɓaka wasan kwaikwayo ya ƙirƙiri zane-zanen halin ɗan wasan ta hanyar wani mai haɓaka wasan da aka laƙaba masa suna "C. Lee". <ref name="TimeExt" /> An fitar da wasan a cikin wasannin Japan da Arewacin Amurka a watan Yulin 1989. An samar da nau'i biyu na wasan: sigar 'yan wasa huɗu da aka fitar a Arewacin Amurka, inda kowane matsayi na 'yan wasa yana da ramin tsabar kuɗi na musamman wanda ke ciyar da ajiyar lafiya na mutum ɗaya, da kuma sigar 'yan wasa biyu da aka fitar a wani wuri wanda maimakon haka yana amfani da sandar lafiya ta gargajiya da tsarin rayuwa. <ref name="HG101" /> A watan Maris na 2021, Hamster Corporation ta fitar da sigar wasan gida a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin ''Arcade Archives'' na Nintendo Switch da PlayStation 4, farashinsa akan US$7.99 / €6.99 / £6.29. <ref name="NL" /> == Liyafar maraba == === Zamani === A Japan, ''Game Machine'' ta lissafa ''Crime Fighters'' a cikin fitowarta ta ranar 1 ga Agusta, 1989 a matsayin na uku mafi nasara a teburin wasan kwaikwayo a lokacin. === Tunani na Baya === An gauraya kimantawa ta baya-bayan nan zuwa marasa kyau. ''Hardcore Gaming 101'' ya siffanta wasan a matsayin "mai faɗa mara hankali, mai ban haushi," yana sukar yadda ba a iya tabbatar da ingancinsa ba - inda hare-haren da suka yi kama da suna haɗuwa suna wucewa ta cikin abokan gaba ba tare da wata illa ba - da kuma wahalarsa mai tsanani, inda tarin abokan gaba ke iya kewaye ɗan wasan kuma akai-akai suna lalata shi, suna rage lafiyarsa a hankali. Shafin ya kuma yi la'akari da cewa zane-zanensa sun tsufa ko da a shekarar 1989, kodayake ya yaba da barkwancin da wasan ke yi, kamar lokutan da abubuwa masu faɗuwa ke ɓata wa ɗan wasan rai, kuma cikin barkwanci ya kira harin bugun ƙwallo "mafi kyawun ɓangaren wasan gaba ɗaya". <ref name="HG101" /> ''Retro Gamer'' shi ma ya yaba da ƙirar sauti na wasan, amma ya soki rashin kyawun sarrafa shi da kuma gano bugun. <ref name="RG">{{Cite web |date=June 11, 2023 |title=Crime Fighters : Arcade Review |url=https://retro-gamer.net/2023/06/11/crime-fighters-arcade-review/ |url-status=live |access-date=April 4, 2026 |website=Retro Gamer}}</ref> == Gado == Duk da rashin kyawun matsayinta na suka, ana ɗaukar ''Crime Fighters'' a matsayin tushen jerin waƙoƙin da Konami ya yi fice a kansu, wanda hakan ya zama tushen waƙoƙin da aka buga daga baya kamar <nowiki><i id="mwsA">Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles</i></nowiki> (1989), <nowiki><i id="mwsg">The Simpsons</i></nowiki> (1991) da <nowiki><i id="mwtA">X-Men</i></nowiki> (1992). <ref name="TimeExt" /> Sai kuma wani sabon fim mai suna ''Vendetta'' (wanda aka fitar a Japan a matsayin ''Crime Fighters 2'' ) a shekarar 1991. ''Hardcore Gaming 101'' ya bayyana ci gaba a matsayin "babban ci gaba ta kowace hanya da za a iya tsammani" akan na asali, yana kiransa "kyakkyawan nasara". <ref name="HG101" /> == Duba kuma == * <nowiki><i id="mwxg">Vendetta</i></nowiki> (wasan bidiyo na 1991) – ci gaba na wasan {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.arcade-history.com/?n=crime-fighters-4-player-model&page=detail&id=21236 ''Masu Faɗaɗa Laifuka''] a Tarihin Arcade * Crime Fighters * Crime Fighters [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9pbc8cgk5x307u3ahsr05p5hfkaglv5 974985 974984 2026-11-01T19:22:37Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Ci gaba da fitarwa */ 974985 wikitext text/x-wiki Crime Fighters [[Wasan Bidiyo|wasan bidiyo]] ne da [[Konami]] ya [[Beat 'em up|ƙirƙira]] kuma ya buga a shekarar 1989 don [[Arcade video game|wasannin arcades]] . An sake shi a Japan da Arewacin Amurka a watan Yulin 1989. Ɗan wasan ya karɓi iko da wani jami'in 'yan sanda na ɓoye da aka ba shi don ceton gungun mata da aka sace daga shugaban masu aikata laifuka na birni da rundunarsa ta 'yan wasan punks na titi. Wasan yana tallafawa 'yan wasa masu yawa a lokaci guda har zuwa 'yan wasa huɗu a cikin sigar Arewacin Amurka da kuma har zuwa 'yan wasa biyu a cikin sigar da aka fitar a ƙasashen waje. ''Crime Fighters'' wani mayaki ne mai jujjuya gefe wanda ake wasa a matakai takwas, inda 'yan wasa ke fafatawa da abokan gaba da naushi, bugun ƙafa da kuma bugun ƙwallo, kuma suna iya ɗaukar makamai - gami da wuƙaƙe, bututun gubar da bindigogi - waɗanda aka ɗauka daga abokan gaba da aka ci da yaƙi. Sigar 'yan wasa huɗu kuma abin lura ne wajen maye gurbin rayuwar yau da kullun da ajiyar lafiya bisa ga bashi, kamar <nowiki><i id="mwHQ">Gauntlet</i></nowiki>, wanda ke raguwa a hankali akan lokaci kuma ana sake cika shi ta hanyar saka ƙarin tsabar kuɗi. Duk da cewa wasan ya yi kyau a wasannin Japan a lokacin da aka fitar da shi, ra'ayoyin da aka yi nazari a kansu sun kasance marasa kyau, inda aka yi suka kan yadda ba a iya tabbatar da ingancinsa ba, da kuma yadda yake taka-tsantsan da kuma saurin gudu. Duk da haka, ''Crime Fighters'' sun zama tushen wasannin da Konami zai yi nasara a nan gaba, kamar <nowiki><i id="mwIQ">Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles</i></nowiki>, <nowiki><i id="mwIw">X-Men</i></nowiki> da <nowiki><i id="mwJQ">The Simpsons</i></nowiki> . <ref name="TimeExt">{{Cite web |last=Yarwood |first=Jack |date=2023-03-15 |title=Interview: Konami Legends Reveal The Secrets Of The Arcade Hit Factory |url=https://www.timeextension.com/features/interview-konami-legends-reveal-the-secrets-of-the-arcade-hit-factory |access-date=2026-02-08 |website=Time Extension |language=en-GB}}</ref> Fim ɗin ''Vendetta'' (wanda aka sake shi a Japan a matsayin ''Crime Fighters 2'' ), ya biyo baya a shekarar 1991. Kamfanin Hamster ya sake fitar da wasan a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin ''Arcade Archives'' na Nintendo Switch da PlayStation 4 a watan Maris na 2021. <ref name="NL">{{Cite web |last=Doolan |first=Liam |date=2021-03-18 |title=Konami's Beat 'Em Up Crime Fighters Joins The Arcade Archives This Week |url=https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2021/03/konamis_beat_em_up_crime_fighters_joins_the_arcade_archives_this_week |access-date=2026-02-08 |website=Nintendo Life |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Labari == Wasu 'yan mata matasa sun ɓace a faɗin birnin, kuma babban mai aikata laifuka na yankin—wanda aka bayyana a cikin wasan a matsayin "kwando mai kiba"—shine babban wanda ake zargi da sace-sacen. <ref name="HG101">{{Cite web |title=Crime Fighters – Hardcore Gaming 101 |url=http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/crime-fighters/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> 'Yan wasa suna ɗaukar nauyin jami'an 'yan sanda na ɓoye waɗanda dole ne su kutsa kai cikin sansanin ƙungiyar masu aikata laifukan su kuma ceci matan da aka kama, suna fafatawa da duk wani ɗan fashi da makami da ya tsaya musu a hanya. <ref name="NL" /> Jami'an guda huɗu da za a iya wasa ba su da suna kuma kusan iri ɗaya ne a kamanninsu da iyawarsu, sun bambanta ne kawai a launin wandonsu, gashinsu da fatarsu. <ref name="HG101" /> == Wasan kwaikwayo == ''Crime Fighters'' wani wasa ne mai jujjuyawa a gefe wanda ya mamaye matakai takwas, wanda na farko an saita shi a cikin jirgin ƙasa mai saukar ungulu . <ref name="HG101" /> Bayan ya kayar da abokan gaba na farko, wani babban tambari yana umurtar ɗan wasan da ya kayar da abokan hamayya, wani hari da ke haifar da ƙarin lalacewa ga abokan gaba da ke kwance a ƙasa. <ref name="HG101" /> Idan aka kwatanta da wasan wasan <nowiki><i id="mwUg">Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles</i></nowiki> mai sauri na Konami, wanda aka fitar a wannan shekarar, saurinsa yana da jinkiri kuma ya fi tsari, salon ''Hardcore Gaming 101'' wanda aka kwatanta da <nowiki><i id="mwVg">Double Dragon</i></nowiki> . <ref name="HG101" /> Akwai maɓallan da za a iya naushi da kuma yin shura; danna duka biyun a lokaci guda yana yin manyan hare-hare kamar bugun tsalle mai juyawa da kuma gwiwa mai tashi. Haka kuma yana yiwuwa a kama abokan gaba a kai musu hari da motsi kamar gwiwa a fuska, da kuma buga su a cikin makwancinsu don su tsorata su, harin da aka yi masa alama da wani sauti mai ban dariya. <ref name="HG101" /> Makiya da yawa suna da makamai, suna amfani da wukake, bututun gubar da bindigogi a kan ɗan wasan. Bayan kashe waɗannan maƙiyan, ɗan wasa zai iya ɗaukar makaminsa ya yi amfani da shi har abada—wanda ba a saba gani ba a wannan lokacin, wasan ma yana ba wa 'yan wasa damar ɗaukar bindiga da amfani da ita (gami da bindiga a cikin nau'ikan 'yan wasa biyu); <ref name="HG101" /> duk da haka, idan aka buge 'yan wasa sau ɗaya, za su jefar da abin kuma zai ɓace (banda bindigogin a cikin nau'ikan 'yan wasa huɗu, muddin har yanzu suna da harsasai). A cikin nau'ikan 'yan wasa huɗu, kowane matsayi na ɗan wasa yana da nasa ramin tsabar kuɗi kuma kowane ƙimar bashi yana ƙara kusan maki ɗari na lafiya zuwa wannan matsayi wanda a hankali yana zubar da maki ɗaya na lafiya a kowace alama (kamar <nowiki><i id="mwaA">Gauntlet</i></nowiki> ). <ref name="HG101" /> 'Yan wasa suna iya bugun juna ba da gangan ba kuma su sa abokan hulɗa su ajiye makamansu har abada. Bayan kayar da shugaban a ƙarshen kowane mataki, idan wasan yana da 'yan wasa fiye da ɗaya na yanzu, to ana ba wa 'yan wasan ƙayyadadden lokaci wanda ke wartsakewa lokacin da ɗan wasa ya ji rauni kuma yana gaya wa 'yan wasan su yi faɗa matuƙar suna so kuma su rasa lafiya. Duk da cewa ana ba da wasu lafiya a ƙarshen lokacin da aka ƙayyade, yana yiwuwa a rasa lafiya fiye da yadda aka bayar a lokacin wannan faɗa. Sigar 'yan wasa biyu tana ba wa 'yan wasa adadin rayuka da aka saita kuma tsarin lafiya/lokacin aiki ana maye gurbinsa da na'urar auna rai da kuma na'urar auna rai kamar sauran na'urorin bugun su. <ref name="HG101" /> A matakin ƙarshe, shugaban ƙarshe—shugaban aikata laifuka da kansa—ya jefa wa 'yan wasan makulli ya ce su ɗauka. Yin hakan zai bai wa shugaban damar fitar da bindiga mai sarrafa kanta ya harbi 'yan wasan. Idan ɗan wasan ya rasa lafiya a wannan lokacin, wasan zai ƙare kuma za a ga mummunan ƙarshe inda shugaban ƙarshe ya gaya wa 'yan wasan su sake gwadawa. Duk da haka, ɗan wasan zai iya zaɓar kada ya ɗauki makullin ya yi harbi (ko ya yi harbi idan ɗan wasan yana da bindiga) babban mugun har sai ya sha kashi. Bayan ya yi nasara a wasan, ɗan wasan zai fuskanci ƙalubale a zagaye na ƙarshe na dukkan shugabannin wasan, inda dole ne ya kayar da kowane shugaba a wasan, wanda duk zai bayyana a allo a lokaci guda. Idan aka doke dukkan shugabannin, wasan zai ƙare ko kuma ya sake maimaitawa ba tare da ƙarewa ba. == Ci gaba da fitarwa == Konami ne ya ƙirƙiro kuma ya buga Crime Fighters, inda aka yaba wa Shūjirō Hamakawa a matsayin mai tsarawa, Masaaki Kukino, Chiyoko Hanano da Hamakawa waɗanda ke kula da fasahar, da kuma waƙoƙin da Mutsuhiko Izumi da Kenichi Matsubara suka tsara. Da yake tunani game da wasan a wata hira da Time Extension a shekarar 2023, Kukino ya ce ya tsara wasan kuma ya zana dukkan haruffan wasan, inda ya dogara da iliminsa game da abubuwan da suka faru a fina-finai da haruffan, kuma ya tuna cewa ya gamsu da shugabannin dandamali, kowannensu an ba shi nasa halayen. Ya bayyana manufarsa ta ƙira a matsayin ƙirƙirar wani abu mai daɗi da mutane huɗu za su iya yi tare, tare da yaƙe-yaƙe na gaske waɗanda suka jaddada halaye na musamman na haruffan abokan gaba, yana kawo misalai kamar harbin abokan gaba da aka ci da yaƙi da kuma kammala su da bindiga. Kukino ya sanya wa Crime Fighters suna a matsayin wanda ya fi so daga cikin wasannin da Konami ya yi nasara a kansu, yana mai cewa aikin ya koya masa yadda ake yin wasanni cikin nishaɗi<ref name="TimeExt" /> Masahiro Inoue, mai shirye-shirye, wanda ya tsara dukkan haruffan abokan gaba, ya danganta abubuwan barkwancin wasan ga kansa - yana ambaton fosta "masu lasa" da karnukan abokan gaba da ke karya harinsu don yin tsalle-tsalle a ƙafar ɗan wasan da sha'awa. Duk da cewa masu tsara haruffa ne suka zana hotunan haruffan, masu shirye-shiryen sun daidaita lokacin kowane zane-zanen da ke kan allo, yayin da wani mai haɓaka wasan kwaikwayo ya ƙirƙiri zane-zanen halin ɗan wasan ta hanyar wani mai haɓaka wasan da aka laƙaba masa suna "C. Lee". <ref name="TimeExt" /> An fitar da wasan a cikin wasannin Japan da Arewacin Amurka a watan Yulin 1989. An samar da nau'i biyu na wasan: sigar 'yan wasa huɗu da aka fitar a Arewacin Amurka, inda kowane matsayi na 'yan wasa yana da ramin tsabar kuɗi na musamman wanda ke ciyar da ajiyar lafiya na mutum ɗaya, da kuma sigar 'yan wasa biyu da aka fitar a wani wuri wanda maimakon haka yana amfani da sandar lafiya ta gargajiya da tsarin rayuwa. <ref name="HG101" /> A watan Maris na 2021, Hamster Corporation ta fitar da sigar wasan gida a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin ''Arcade Archives'' na Nintendo Switch da PlayStation 4, farashinsa akan US$7.99 / €6.99 / £6.29. <ref name="NL" /> == Liyafar maraba == === Zamani === A Japan, ''Game Machine'' ta lissafa ''Crime Fighters'' a cikin fitowarta ta ranar 1 ga Agusta, 1989 a matsayin na uku mafi nasara a teburin wasan kwaikwayo a lokacin. === Tunani na Baya === An gauraya kimantawa ta baya-bayan nan zuwa marasa kyau. ''Hardcore Gaming 101'' ya siffanta wasan a matsayin "mai faɗa mara hankali, mai ban haushi," yana sukar yadda ba a iya tabbatar da ingancinsa ba - inda hare-haren da suka yi kama da suna haɗuwa suna wucewa ta cikin abokan gaba ba tare da wata illa ba - da kuma wahalarsa mai tsanani, inda tarin abokan gaba ke iya kewaye ɗan wasan kuma akai-akai suna lalata shi, suna rage lafiyarsa a hankali. Shafin ya kuma yi la'akari da cewa zane-zanensa sun tsufa ko da a shekarar 1989, kodayake ya yaba da barkwancin da wasan ke yi, kamar lokutan da abubuwa masu faɗuwa ke ɓata wa ɗan wasan rai, kuma cikin barkwanci ya kira harin bugun ƙwallo "mafi kyawun ɓangaren wasan gaba ɗaya". <ref name="HG101" /> ''Retro Gamer'' shi ma ya yaba da ƙirar sauti na wasan, amma ya soki rashin kyawun sarrafa shi da kuma gano bugun. <ref name="RG">{{Cite web |date=June 11, 2023 |title=Crime Fighters : Arcade Review |url=https://retro-gamer.net/2023/06/11/crime-fighters-arcade-review/ |url-status=live |access-date=April 4, 2026 |website=Retro Gamer}}</ref> == Gado == Duk da rashin kyawun matsayinta na suka, ana ɗaukar ''Crime Fighters'' a matsayin tushen jerin waƙoƙin da Konami ya yi fice a kansu, wanda hakan ya zama tushen waƙoƙin da aka buga daga baya kamar <nowiki><i id="mwsA">Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles</i></nowiki> (1989), <nowiki><i id="mwsg">The Simpsons</i></nowiki> (1991) da <nowiki><i id="mwtA">X-Men</i></nowiki> (1992). <ref name="TimeExt" /> Sai kuma wani sabon fim mai suna ''Vendetta'' (wanda aka fitar a Japan a matsayin ''Crime Fighters 2'' ) a shekarar 1991. ''Hardcore Gaming 101'' ya bayyana ci gaba a matsayin "babban ci gaba ta kowace hanya da za a iya tsammani" akan na asali, yana kiransa "kyakkyawan nasara". <ref name="HG101" /> == Duba kuma == * <nowiki><i id="mwxg">Vendetta</i></nowiki> (wasan bidiyo na 1991) – ci gaba na wasan {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.arcade-history.com/?n=crime-fighters-4-player-model&page=detail&id=21236 ''Masu Faɗaɗa Laifuka''] a Tarihin Arcade * Crime Fighters * Crime Fighters [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bp9bmvzn7n527bkt2v6q7gws10wcnxf 974986 974985 2026-11-01T19:23:06Z Baffa ali 47435 974986 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Crime Fighters [[Wasan Bidiyo|wasan bidiyo]] ne da [[Konami]] ya [[Beat 'em up|ƙirƙira]] kuma ya buga a shekarar 1989 don [[Arcade video game|wasannin arcades]] . An sake shi a Japan da Arewacin Amurka a watan Yulin 1989. Ɗan wasan ya karɓi iko da wani jami'in 'yan sanda na ɓoye da aka ba shi don ceton gungun mata da aka sace daga shugaban masu aikata laifuka na birni da rundunarsa ta 'yan wasan punks na titi. Wasan yana tallafawa 'yan wasa masu yawa a lokaci guda har zuwa 'yan wasa huɗu a cikin sigar Arewacin Amurka da kuma har zuwa 'yan wasa biyu a cikin sigar da aka fitar a ƙasashen waje. ''Crime Fighters'' wani mayaki ne mai jujjuya gefe wanda ake wasa a matakai takwas, inda 'yan wasa ke fafatawa da abokan gaba da naushi, bugun ƙafa da kuma bugun ƙwallo, kuma suna iya ɗaukar makamai - gami da wuƙaƙe, bututun gubar da bindigogi - waɗanda aka ɗauka daga abokan gaba da aka ci da yaƙi. Sigar 'yan wasa huɗu kuma abin lura ne wajen maye gurbin rayuwar yau da kullun da ajiyar lafiya bisa ga bashi, kamar <nowiki><i id="mwHQ">Gauntlet</i></nowiki>, wanda ke raguwa a hankali akan lokaci kuma ana sake cika shi ta hanyar saka ƙarin tsabar kuɗi. Duk da cewa wasan ya yi kyau a wasannin Japan a lokacin da aka fitar da shi, ra'ayoyin da aka yi nazari a kansu sun kasance marasa kyau, inda aka yi suka kan yadda ba a iya tabbatar da ingancinsa ba, da kuma yadda yake taka-tsantsan da kuma saurin gudu. Duk da haka, ''Crime Fighters'' sun zama tushen wasannin da Konami zai yi nasara a nan gaba, kamar <nowiki><i id="mwIQ">Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles</i></nowiki>, <nowiki><i id="mwIw">X-Men</i></nowiki> da <nowiki><i id="mwJQ">The Simpsons</i></nowiki> . <ref name="TimeExt">{{Cite web |last=Yarwood |first=Jack |date=2023-03-15 |title=Interview: Konami Legends Reveal The Secrets Of The Arcade Hit Factory |url=https://www.timeextension.com/features/interview-konami-legends-reveal-the-secrets-of-the-arcade-hit-factory |access-date=2026-02-08 |website=Time Extension |language=en-GB}}</ref> Fim ɗin ''Vendetta'' (wanda aka sake shi a Japan a matsayin ''Crime Fighters 2'' ), ya biyo baya a shekarar 1991. Kamfanin Hamster ya sake fitar da wasan a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin ''Arcade Archives'' na Nintendo Switch da PlayStation 4 a watan Maris na 2021. <ref name="NL">{{Cite web |last=Doolan |first=Liam |date=2021-03-18 |title=Konami's Beat 'Em Up Crime Fighters Joins The Arcade Archives This Week |url=https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2021/03/konamis_beat_em_up_crime_fighters_joins_the_arcade_archives_this_week |access-date=2026-02-08 |website=Nintendo Life |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Labari == Wasu 'yan mata matasa sun ɓace a faɗin birnin, kuma babban mai aikata laifuka na yankin—wanda aka bayyana a cikin wasan a matsayin "kwando mai kiba"—shine babban wanda ake zargi da sace-sacen. <ref name="HG101">{{Cite web |title=Crime Fighters – Hardcore Gaming 101 |url=http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/crime-fighters/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> 'Yan wasa suna ɗaukar nauyin jami'an 'yan sanda na ɓoye waɗanda dole ne su kutsa kai cikin sansanin ƙungiyar masu aikata laifukan su kuma ceci matan da aka kama, suna fafatawa da duk wani ɗan fashi da makami da ya tsaya musu a hanya. <ref name="NL" /> Jami'an guda huɗu da za a iya wasa ba su da suna kuma kusan iri ɗaya ne a kamanninsu da iyawarsu, sun bambanta ne kawai a launin wandonsu, gashinsu da fatarsu. <ref name="HG101" /> == Wasan kwaikwayo == ''Crime Fighters'' wani wasa ne mai jujjuyawa a gefe wanda ya mamaye matakai takwas, wanda na farko an saita shi a cikin jirgin ƙasa mai saukar ungulu . <ref name="HG101" /> Bayan ya kayar da abokan gaba na farko, wani babban tambari yana umurtar ɗan wasan da ya kayar da abokan hamayya, wani hari da ke haifar da ƙarin lalacewa ga abokan gaba da ke kwance a ƙasa. <ref name="HG101" /> Idan aka kwatanta da wasan wasan <nowiki><i id="mwUg">Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles</i></nowiki> mai sauri na Konami, wanda aka fitar a wannan shekarar, saurinsa yana da jinkiri kuma ya fi tsari, salon ''Hardcore Gaming 101'' wanda aka kwatanta da <nowiki><i id="mwVg">Double Dragon</i></nowiki> . <ref name="HG101" /> Akwai maɓallan da za a iya naushi da kuma yin shura; danna duka biyun a lokaci guda yana yin manyan hare-hare kamar bugun tsalle mai juyawa da kuma gwiwa mai tashi. Haka kuma yana yiwuwa a kama abokan gaba a kai musu hari da motsi kamar gwiwa a fuska, da kuma buga su a cikin makwancinsu don su tsorata su, harin da aka yi masa alama da wani sauti mai ban dariya. <ref name="HG101" /> Makiya da yawa suna da makamai, suna amfani da wukake, bututun gubar da bindigogi a kan ɗan wasan. Bayan kashe waɗannan maƙiyan, ɗan wasa zai iya ɗaukar makaminsa ya yi amfani da shi har abada—wanda ba a saba gani ba a wannan lokacin, wasan ma yana ba wa 'yan wasa damar ɗaukar bindiga da amfani da ita (gami da bindiga a cikin nau'ikan 'yan wasa biyu); <ref name="HG101" /> duk da haka, idan aka buge 'yan wasa sau ɗaya, za su jefar da abin kuma zai ɓace (banda bindigogin a cikin nau'ikan 'yan wasa huɗu, muddin har yanzu suna da harsasai). A cikin nau'ikan 'yan wasa huɗu, kowane matsayi na ɗan wasa yana da nasa ramin tsabar kuɗi kuma kowane ƙimar bashi yana ƙara kusan maki ɗari na lafiya zuwa wannan matsayi wanda a hankali yana zubar da maki ɗaya na lafiya a kowace alama (kamar <nowiki><i id="mwaA">Gauntlet</i></nowiki> ). <ref name="HG101" /> 'Yan wasa suna iya bugun juna ba da gangan ba kuma su sa abokan hulɗa su ajiye makamansu har abada. Bayan kayar da shugaban a ƙarshen kowane mataki, idan wasan yana da 'yan wasa fiye da ɗaya na yanzu, to ana ba wa 'yan wasan ƙayyadadden lokaci wanda ke wartsakewa lokacin da ɗan wasa ya ji rauni kuma yana gaya wa 'yan wasan su yi faɗa matuƙar suna so kuma su rasa lafiya. Duk da cewa ana ba da wasu lafiya a ƙarshen lokacin da aka ƙayyade, yana yiwuwa a rasa lafiya fiye da yadda aka bayar a lokacin wannan faɗa. Sigar 'yan wasa biyu tana ba wa 'yan wasa adadin rayuka da aka saita kuma tsarin lafiya/lokacin aiki ana maye gurbinsa da na'urar auna rai da kuma na'urar auna rai kamar sauran na'urorin bugun su. <ref name="HG101" /> A matakin ƙarshe, shugaban ƙarshe—shugaban aikata laifuka da kansa—ya jefa wa 'yan wasan makulli ya ce su ɗauka. Yin hakan zai bai wa shugaban damar fitar da bindiga mai sarrafa kanta ya harbi 'yan wasan. Idan ɗan wasan ya rasa lafiya a wannan lokacin, wasan zai ƙare kuma za a ga mummunan ƙarshe inda shugaban ƙarshe ya gaya wa 'yan wasan su sake gwadawa. Duk da haka, ɗan wasan zai iya zaɓar kada ya ɗauki makullin ya yi harbi (ko ya yi harbi idan ɗan wasan yana da bindiga) babban mugun har sai ya sha kashi. Bayan ya yi nasara a wasan, ɗan wasan zai fuskanci ƙalubale a zagaye na ƙarshe na dukkan shugabannin wasan, inda dole ne ya kayar da kowane shugaba a wasan, wanda duk zai bayyana a allo a lokaci guda. Idan aka doke dukkan shugabannin, wasan zai ƙare ko kuma ya sake maimaitawa ba tare da ƙarewa ba. == Ci gaba da fitarwa == Konami ne ya ƙirƙiro kuma ya buga Crime Fighters, inda aka yaba wa Shūjirō Hamakawa a matsayin mai tsarawa, Masaaki Kukino, Chiyoko Hanano da Hamakawa waɗanda ke kula da fasahar, da kuma waƙoƙin da Mutsuhiko Izumi da Kenichi Matsubara suka tsara. Da yake tunani game da wasan a wata hira da Time Extension a shekarar 2023, Kukino ya ce ya tsara wasan kuma ya zana dukkan haruffan wasan, inda ya dogara da iliminsa game da abubuwan da suka faru a fina-finai da haruffan, kuma ya tuna cewa ya gamsu da shugabannin dandamali, kowannensu an ba shi nasa halayen. Ya bayyana manufarsa ta ƙira a matsayin ƙirƙirar wani abu mai daɗi da mutane huɗu za su iya yi tare, tare da yaƙe-yaƙe na gaske waɗanda suka jaddada halaye na musamman na haruffan abokan gaba, yana kawo misalai kamar harbin abokan gaba da aka ci da yaƙi da kuma kammala su da bindiga. Kukino ya sanya wa Crime Fighters suna a matsayin wanda ya fi so daga cikin wasannin da Konami ya yi nasara a kansu, yana mai cewa aikin ya koya masa yadda ake yin wasanni cikin nishaɗi<ref name="TimeExt" /> Masahiro Inoue, mai shirye-shirye, wanda ya tsara dukkan haruffan abokan gaba, ya danganta abubuwan barkwancin wasan ga kansa - yana ambaton fosta "masu lasa" da karnukan abokan gaba da ke karya harinsu don yin tsalle-tsalle a ƙafar ɗan wasan da sha'awa. Duk da cewa masu tsara haruffa ne suka zana hotunan haruffan, masu shirye-shiryen sun daidaita lokacin kowane zane-zanen da ke kan allo, yayin da wani mai haɓaka wasan kwaikwayo ya ƙirƙiri zane-zanen halin ɗan wasan ta hanyar wani mai haɓaka wasan da aka laƙaba masa suna "C. Lee". <ref name="TimeExt" /> An fitar da wasan a cikin wasannin Japan da Arewacin Amurka a watan Yulin 1989. An samar da nau'i biyu na wasan: sigar 'yan wasa huɗu da aka fitar a Arewacin Amurka, inda kowane matsayi na 'yan wasa yana da ramin tsabar kuɗi na musamman wanda ke ciyar da ajiyar lafiya na mutum ɗaya, da kuma sigar 'yan wasa biyu da aka fitar a wani wuri wanda maimakon haka yana amfani da sandar lafiya ta gargajiya da tsarin rayuwa. <ref name="HG101" /> A watan Maris na 2021, Hamster Corporation ta fitar da sigar wasan gida a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin ''Arcade Archives'' na Nintendo Switch da PlayStation 4, farashinsa akan US$7.99 / €6.99 / £6.29. <ref name="NL" /> == Liyafar maraba == === Zamani === A Japan, ''Game Machine'' ta lissafa ''Crime Fighters'' a cikin fitowarta ta ranar 1 ga Agusta, 1989 a matsayin na uku mafi nasara a teburin wasan kwaikwayo a lokacin. === Tunani na Baya === An gauraya kimantawa ta baya-bayan nan zuwa marasa kyau. ''Hardcore Gaming 101'' ya siffanta wasan a matsayin "mai faɗa mara hankali, mai ban haushi," yana sukar yadda ba a iya tabbatar da ingancinsa ba - inda hare-haren da suka yi kama da suna haɗuwa suna wucewa ta cikin abokan gaba ba tare da wata illa ba - da kuma wahalarsa mai tsanani, inda tarin abokan gaba ke iya kewaye ɗan wasan kuma akai-akai suna lalata shi, suna rage lafiyarsa a hankali. Shafin ya kuma yi la'akari da cewa zane-zanensa sun tsufa ko da a shekarar 1989, kodayake ya yaba da barkwancin da wasan ke yi, kamar lokutan da abubuwa masu faɗuwa ke ɓata wa ɗan wasan rai, kuma cikin barkwanci ya kira harin bugun ƙwallo "mafi kyawun ɓangaren wasan gaba ɗaya". <ref name="HG101" /> ''Retro Gamer'' shi ma ya yaba da ƙirar sauti na wasan, amma ya soki rashin kyawun sarrafa shi da kuma gano bugun. <ref name="RG">{{Cite web |date=June 11, 2023 |title=Crime Fighters : Arcade Review |url=https://retro-gamer.net/2023/06/11/crime-fighters-arcade-review/ |url-status=live |access-date=April 4, 2026 |website=Retro Gamer}}</ref> == Gado == Duk da rashin kyawun matsayinta na suka, ana ɗaukar ''Crime Fighters'' a matsayin tushen jerin waƙoƙin da Konami ya yi fice a kansu, wanda hakan ya zama tushen waƙoƙin da aka buga daga baya kamar <nowiki><i id="mwsA">Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles</i></nowiki> (1989), <nowiki><i id="mwsg">The Simpsons</i></nowiki> (1991) da <nowiki><i id="mwtA">X-Men</i></nowiki> (1992). <ref name="TimeExt" /> Sai kuma wani sabon fim mai suna ''Vendetta'' (wanda aka fitar a Japan a matsayin ''Crime Fighters 2'' ) a shekarar 1991. ''Hardcore Gaming 101'' ya bayyana ci gaba a matsayin "babban ci gaba ta kowace hanya da za a iya tsammani" akan na asali, yana kiransa "kyakkyawan nasara". <ref name="HG101" /> == Duba kuma == * <nowiki><i id="mwxg">Vendetta</i></nowiki> (wasan bidiyo na 1991) – ci gaba na wasan {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.arcade-history.com/?n=crime-fighters-4-player-model&page=detail&id=21236 ''Masu Faɗaɗa Laifuka''] a Tarihin Arcade * Crime Fighters * Crime Fighters [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] g2mwvhfenbkivgv4r38agoc3kry7g9i 3 180504 975037 2026-11-01T21:23:15Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975037 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Hussaini kuka! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Hussaini kuka|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 1 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) 9sba8ghss7qdwepsv1yz9hel1890go2 3 180505 975038 2026-11-01T21:23:25Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975038 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Turitsa! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Turitsa|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 1 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) petehelpt4gej8kr4eh3o1ztp21e2jy 3 180506 975040 2026-11-01T21:23:35Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975040 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Anassyn! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Anassyn|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 1 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) ppychi5ri6ibf1aqrme84lh8hqok91a 975063 975040 2026-11-01T23:09:50Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Barka da zuwa! */ 975063 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Anassyn! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Anassyn|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan za ku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 1 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) ou4w3ib8dvzzniqmlrhitjzzuhodl5x 975065 975063 2026-11-01T23:12:47Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Barka da zuwa! */ 975065 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Anassyn! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Anassyn|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan za ku tsaya ku cigaba da bada gudummuwa. A nan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 1 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) f4oqc22wjmpjq30yve2zul9dgo414yn 975067 975065 2026-11-01T23:17:13Z Baban Asiya 15906 975067 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Anassyn! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Anassyn|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan za ku tsaya ku cigaba da bada gudummuwa. A nan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma a kan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zai sa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 1 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) lblzhvcs0hv6981gv2c6q7y9w4c5btk 3 180507 975041 2026-11-01T21:23:45Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975041 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Alugwo! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Alugwo|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 1 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) 2pylfwyo97y3wxg6v16rvj9livv4zr8 3 180508 975042 2026-11-01T21:23:55Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975042 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Mohamed Al-Saleha! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Mohamed Al-Saleha|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 1 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) bs836psp7hcbevszyjz4kttbo3xlmp9 3 180509 975043 2026-11-01T21:24:05Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975043 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, میهوئیل! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/میهوئیل|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 1 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) 4t91fyz2ussuhyd2z78jqwhdeg2lf1m 3 180510 975044 2026-11-01T21:24:15Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975044 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Yahaya Aliyu Mayaki! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Yahaya Aliyu Mayaki|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 1 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) 0bne8h4mvbsnky5456ysgnrrzr6732a 3 180511 975045 2026-11-01T21:24:25Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975045 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Xima12! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Xima12|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 1 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) e7wrwrizft3lyhbuk8haahjs3jbip6r 3 180512 975046 2026-11-01T21:24:35Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975046 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Xenoore4! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Xenoore4|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 1 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) ovf88jquxnrh0u3grg0j5brj3vo23ap 3 180513 975047 2026-11-01T21:24:45Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975047 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, ياسين الصغير 11! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/ياسين الصغير 11|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 1 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) 5w811kyjjqycdki223b9oq8tirfsn9o 3 180514 975048 2026-11-01T21:24:55Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 975048 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, VeganAfrica! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/VeganAfrica|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 1 Nuwamba, 2026 (UTC) so48yti02yr2qke5uax6svflc3vlma6 0 180515 975056 2026-11-01T23:02:59Z Salma Raddah 45959 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1379913906|Kit Young]]" 975056 wikitext text/x-wiki Christopher William Young (an haife shi a shekara ta 1994) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Burtaniya.Ya fara aikinsa a gidan wasan kwaikwayo, inda ya sami Kyautar Ian Charleson.A talabijin, ya fito a matsayin Jesper Fahey a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen Netflix Shadow and Bone (2021-2023).Ya lashe kyautar BAFTA na Scotland saboda rawar da ya taka a fim din mai ban tsoro Out of Darkness (2022).Sauran fina-finai sun hada da The School for Good and Evil (2022). == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Young a Oxford ga mahaifin Scotland da mahaifiyar Uganda kuma ta girma a Abingdon-on-Thames . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mitchell |first=Tamika |date=23 April 2021 |title=TBB Talks To… Shadow And Bone Star Kit Young |url=https://thebritishblacklist.co.uk/tbb-talks-to-shadow-and-bone-star-kit-young/ |journal=The British Blacklist |access-date=4 December 2022}}</ref> Ya halarci Makarantar Abingdon daga 2008 zuwa 2013; ya kasance memba na Abingdon Film Unit kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a makarantar ta 2012 ta manyan shirye-shiryen Candide.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Abingdon Film Unit |url=https://www.abingdon.org.uk/uploads/school/files/abingdonian/2011_V024_N006.pdf#page=97 |website=The Abingdonian}}</ref><ref name="abingdon success">{{Cite web |date=17 February 2017 |title=Success for OA Actor |url=https://www.abingdon.org.uk/success_for_oa_actor_feb17/ |access-date=28 October 2019 |website=Abingdon}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Picou |first=Sabrina |date=19 October 2022 |title=Kit Young: 5 Things To Know About 'Shadow & Bone' Star In New Kerry Washington Netflix Movie |url=https://hollywoodlife.com/feature/who-is-kit-young-4874228/ |journal=Hollywood Life |access-date=4 December 2022}}</ref> Young ya kasance memba na Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Matasa na Kasa.<ref name="abingdon passion">{{Cite web |date=22 March 2013 |title=Chris Young as Jesus in Abingdon Passion Play |url=https://www.abingdon.org.uk/chris_young_as_jesus_in_abingdon_passion_play/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404022251/https://www.abingdon.org.uk/chris_young_as_jesus_in_abingdon_passion_play/ |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=28 October 2019 |website=Abingdon}}</ref> Yana da wasu ƙananan matsayi, kamar a fim din talabijin na Walter's War da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na Oxford na ''Cinderella'' da ''Dick Whittington''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ffrench |first=Andrew |date=16 February 2013 |title=Donkey shortage hits Easter play |url=https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/10232696.donkey-shortage-hits-easter-play/ |journal=Oxford Mail |access-date=28 October 2019}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da horo a Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA), ya kammala karatu tare da Bachelor of Arts in Acting a shekarar 2017.<ref name="abingdon success" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kit Young |url=https://www.rada.ac.uk/profiles/kit-young/ |access-date=28 October 2019 |website=RADA}}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga RADA, Young ya jagoranci a cikin The Extraordinary Cabaret of Dorian Gray a bikin wasan kwaikwayo na Underbelly na 2017 a Bankin Kudu.Ya kuma shiga yawon shakatawa na Burtaniya na The Real Thing a matsayin Billy . [1][2] A cikin 2018, ya buga Octavius a cikin samar da Julius Kaisar a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bridge, Jarida a cikin samarwar Firayim Minista na Miss Jean Brodie a Donmar Warehouse, da Malcolm a Macbeth a gidan wasan kwaikwayon Sam Wanamaker a gidan wasan Globe . [3][4][5] Young ya fara fitowa a talabijin a shekarar 2019 tare da rawar baƙo a cikin Endeavour .Ya kuma bayyana a cikin Dylan Holmes Williams ya ba da umarnin gajeren The Devil's Harmony . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mason |first=Aiden |date=7 October 2019 |title=Meet The Cast of Netflix's "Shadow and Bone" |url=https://www.tvovermind.com/meet-the-cast-of-netflixs-shadow-and-bone/ |journal=Variety |access-date=28 October 2019}}</ref> A wannan bazara da lokacin rani, ya buga Lysander a cikin A Midsummer Night's Dream a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bridge tare da Gwendoline Christie, wanda ya ba shi Kyautar Ian Charleson. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Maltby |first=Kate |date=24 June 2019 |title=From Gilead to Gay Disco: Nicholas Hytner's 'Dream' |url=https://www.nybooks.com/daily/2019/06/24/from-gilead-to-gay-disco-nicholas-hytners-dream/ |journal=NYR Daily |access-date=28 October 2019}}</ref><ref name="ica">{{Cite web |last=Bosanquet |first=Theo |date=29 March 2021 |title="Winners announced of 30th Ian Charleson awards" |url=https://www.whatsonstage.com/london-theatre/news/winners-announced-of-30th-ian-charleson-awards_53688.html |website=WhatsOnStage}}</ref> A watan Oktoba na 2019, an sanar da cewa Young zai fito a matsayin Jesper Fahey jerin shirye-shiryen [[Netflix]] na 2021 Shadow and Bone, karbuwa da jerin littattafan fantasy The Grisha Trilogy da Six of Crows Duology na Leigh Bardugo . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuentes |first=Tamara |date=17 April 2021 |title=Exclusive: "Shadow and Bone" Star Kit Young Wants to Be as Fearless as Jesper After Filming Season 1 |url=https://www.seventeen.com/celebrity/movies-tv/a36122715/kit-young-shadow-and-bone/ |journal=Seventeen |access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref> Ayyukansa sun fito ne daga wallafe-wallafe da yawa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lawler |first=Kelly |date=23 April 2021 |title=Review: Netflix's 'Shadow and Bone' is a good fantasy adaptation that could have been so much better |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/tv/2021/04/23/shadow-and-bone-review-netflix-fantasy-could-have-been-better/7288001002/ |journal=USA Today |access-date=23 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Benson |first=Tracy |date=21 April 2021 |title=Netflix Shadow and Bone Review - Turning the tide on young adult fantasy |url=https://www.criticalhit.net/entertainment/netflix-shadow-and-bone-review-turning-the-tide-on-young-adult-fantasy/ |journal=Critical Hit |access-date=23 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bisset |first=Jennifer |date=27 April 2021 |title=Shadow and Bone review: Hit Netflix fantasy lacks one thing |url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/entertainment/shadow-and-bone-review-hit-netflix-fantasy-lacks-one-thing/ |journal=CNET |access-date=23 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Greene |first=Steve |date=23 April 2021 |title='Shadow and Bone' Review: An Impressive Fantasy Series Adaptation with More than Magic on Its Mind |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2021/04/shadow-and-bone-review-season-1-netflix-show-1234632249/ |journal=IndieWire |access-date=23 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nolan |first=Liam |date=21 April 2021 |title=Shadow and Bone Is an Exciting, Fun Adaptation of Leigh Bardugo's Grishaverse |url=https://www.cbr.com/shadow-and-bone-leigh-bardugo-grishaverse-review/ |journal=CBR |access-date=23 February 2023}}</ref> Netflix ta soke jerin bayan yanayi biyu. A cikin 2022, ya fito a cikin fim mai ban tsoro The Origin (daga baya Out of Darkness) kuma ya bayyana a cikin fim din Netflix na The School for Good and Evil . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wiseman |first=Andreas |date=4 December 2020 |title=UK Horror 'The Origin', With 'The 100' & 'Shadow And Bone' Stars, Wraps Shoot For 'Saint Maud' Producer |url=https://deadline.com/2020/12/horror-origin-scotland-the-100-shadow-bone-netflix-bfi-1234650074/ |journal=Deadline |access-date=21 January 2021}}</ref> A cikin 2025 Young ta fito a cikin 2025 FX da FX a kan jerin Hulu Alien: Earth, kuma ta bayyana a matsayin George Knightley a gaban Amelia Kenworthy a cikin Ava Pickett's stage adaptation of ''Emma'' a Rose Theatre, Kingston . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wood |first=Alex |date=24 July 2025 |title=Full cast set for Emma stage adaptation including Amelia Kenworthy and Kit Young |url=https://www.whatsonstage.com/news/full-cast-set-for-emma-stage-adaptation-including-amelia-kenworthy-and-kit-young_1688132/ |access-date=2 August 2025 |website=WhatsOnStage}}</ref> Ayyukansa a matsayin Jack Absolute a cikin The Rivals at the Orange Tree wani mai bita ya yaba da shi a matsayin "wani farin ciki na musamman don kallo don jikinsa da saurinsa". == Hotunan fina-finai == === Fim din === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi ! class="unsortable" |Bayani |- |2018 |''Alex'' |Alessandro na Medici |Gajeren fim |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |''Harkokin Iblis'' |Tyrone |Gajeren fim |- |''Mafarki na Dare na Tsakiyar'' |Lysander |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa |- | rowspan="2" |2022 |''Daga Duhu'' |Geirr |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Out of Darkness {{!}} Cast and Crew {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/out_of_darkness_2022/cast-and-crew |access-date=2025-08-13 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref> |- |''Makarantar Kyau da Mugunta'' |Rafal / Rhian |Fim din Netflix |- |2024 |''Kyakkyawan Wasan'' |Cal |Fim din Netflix <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Beautiful Game {{!}} Cast and Crew {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_beautiful_game/cast-and-crew |access-date=2025-08-13 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref> |- |} === Talabijin === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi ! class="unsortable" |Bayani |- |2008 |''Yaƙin Walter'' |Matashi Edward |Fim din talabijin |- |2019 |''Ƙoƙarin da aka yi'' |Chris |Fim: "Pylon" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Endeavour: Season 6, Episode 1 {{!}} Cast and Crew {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/endeavour/s06/e01/cast-and-crew |access-date=2025-08-13 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref> |- |2021–2023 |''Inuwa da Ƙashi'' |Jesper Fahey |Babban rawar <ref>{{Cite web |title=Shadow and Bone {{!}} Cast and Crew {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/shadow_and_bone/cast-and-crew |access-date=2025-08-13 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref> |- |2025 |''Baƙo: Duniya'' |Kayan aiki / Ishaku |Abubuwa 6 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alien: Earth {{!}} Cast and Crew {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/alien_earth/cast-and-crew |access-date=2025-08-13 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref> |- |} === Bidiyo na kiɗa === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Waƙar !Shekara !Mai zane ! class="unsortable" |Bayani |- |"Confessions in the Pool" |2018 |Ash | |- |} == Mataki == == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon !{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |2020 | colspan="2" |Kyautar Ian Charleson |''Mafarki na Dare na Tsakiyar''| {{Nom}} |<ref name="ica" /> |- |2023 |Hotuna |Wasanni: Wasanni na Solo |''Tasiri''|{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=OffWestEndCom|title=#Offies #NewNoms 2023 for “Influence” at Collective Theatre: SOLO PERFORMANCE Kit Young @kittheyounger – congratulations! 🎉 Congratulate them by adding a comment on our website: #Offies #NewNoms 2023 for “Influence” at Collective Theatre: SOLO… dlvr.it/SyJFKG|date=2 November 2023|access-date=12 October 2026}}</ref> |- |2024 |Kyautar Kwalejin Burtaniya ta Scotland |Mafi kyawun Actor a Fim |''Daga Duhu''| {{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dalton |first=Ben |date=2 October 2024 |title='Out Of Darkness' heads film nominees at 2024 Bafta Scotland Awards; 'Baby Reindeer', 'Girl' both nominated |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/out-of-darkness-heads-film-nominees-at-2024-bafta-scotland-awards/5197722.article |access-date=2 October 2024 |website=Screen International}}</ref> |- |} == Dubi kuma == * Jerin Tsohon Abingdonians == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ri7gfbbdyhtrvq4xpkfsojqztkqv9pq 975057 975056 2026-11-01T23:03:56Z Salma Raddah 45959 975057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Christopher William Young (an haife shi a shekara ta 1994) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Burtaniya.Ya fara aikinsa a gidan wasan kwaikwayo, inda ya sami Kyautar Ian Charleson.A talabijin, ya fito a matsayin Jesper Fahey a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen Netflix Shadow and Bone (2021-2023).Ya lashe kyautar BAFTA na Scotland saboda rawar da ya taka a fim din mai ban tsoro Out of Darkness (2022).Sauran fina-finai sun hada da The School for Good and Evil (2022). == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Young a Oxford ga mahaifin Scotland da mahaifiyar Uganda kuma ta girma a Abingdon-on-Thames . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mitchell |first=Tamika |date=23 April 2021 |title=TBB Talks To… Shadow And Bone Star Kit Young |url=https://thebritishblacklist.co.uk/tbb-talks-to-shadow-and-bone-star-kit-young/ |journal=The British Blacklist |access-date=4 December 2022}}</ref> Ya halarci Makarantar Abingdon daga 2008 zuwa 2013; ya kasance memba na Abingdon Film Unit kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a makarantar ta 2012 ta manyan shirye-shiryen Candide.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Abingdon Film Unit |url=https://www.abingdon.org.uk/uploads/school/files/abingdonian/2011_V024_N006.pdf#page=97 |website=The Abingdonian}}</ref><ref name="abingdon success">{{Cite web |date=17 February 2017 |title=Success for OA Actor |url=https://www.abingdon.org.uk/success_for_oa_actor_feb17/ |access-date=28 October 2019 |website=Abingdon}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Picou |first=Sabrina |date=19 October 2022 |title=Kit Young: 5 Things To Know About 'Shadow & Bone' Star In New Kerry Washington Netflix Movie |url=https://hollywoodlife.com/feature/who-is-kit-young-4874228/ |journal=Hollywood Life |access-date=4 December 2022}}</ref> Young ya kasance memba na Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Matasa na Kasa.<ref name="abingdon passion">{{Cite web |date=22 March 2013 |title=Chris Young as Jesus in Abingdon Passion Play |url=https://www.abingdon.org.uk/chris_young_as_jesus_in_abingdon_passion_play/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404022251/https://www.abingdon.org.uk/chris_young_as_jesus_in_abingdon_passion_play/ |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=28 October 2019 |website=Abingdon}}</ref> Yana da wasu ƙananan matsayi, kamar a fim din talabijin na Walter's War da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na Oxford na ''Cinderella'' da ''Dick Whittington''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ffrench |first=Andrew |date=16 February 2013 |title=Donkey shortage hits Easter play |url=https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/10232696.donkey-shortage-hits-easter-play/ |journal=Oxford Mail |access-date=28 October 2019}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da horo a Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA), ya kammala karatu tare da Bachelor of Arts in Acting a shekarar 2017.<ref name="abingdon success" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kit Young |url=https://www.rada.ac.uk/profiles/kit-young/ |access-date=28 October 2019 |website=RADA}}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga RADA, Young ya jagoranci a cikin The Extraordinary Cabaret of Dorian Gray a bikin wasan kwaikwayo na Underbelly na 2017 a Bankin Kudu.Ya kuma shiga yawon shakatawa na Burtaniya na The Real Thing a matsayin Billy . [1][2] A cikin 2018, ya buga Octavius a cikin samar da Julius Kaisar a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bridge, Jarida a cikin samarwar Firayim Minista na Miss Jean Brodie a Donmar Warehouse, da Malcolm a Macbeth a gidan wasan kwaikwayon Sam Wanamaker a gidan wasan Globe . [3][4][5] Young ya fara fitowa a talabijin a shekarar 2019 tare da rawar baƙo a cikin Endeavour .Ya kuma bayyana a cikin Dylan Holmes Williams ya ba da umarnin gajeren The Devil's Harmony . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mason |first=Aiden |date=7 October 2019 |title=Meet The Cast of Netflix's "Shadow and Bone" |url=https://www.tvovermind.com/meet-the-cast-of-netflixs-shadow-and-bone/ |journal=Variety |access-date=28 October 2019}}</ref> A wannan bazara da lokacin rani, ya buga Lysander a cikin A Midsummer Night's Dream a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bridge tare da Gwendoline Christie, wanda ya ba shi Kyautar Ian Charleson. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Maltby |first=Kate |date=24 June 2019 |title=From Gilead to Gay Disco: Nicholas Hytner's 'Dream' |url=https://www.nybooks.com/daily/2019/06/24/from-gilead-to-gay-disco-nicholas-hytners-dream/ |journal=NYR Daily |access-date=28 October 2019}}</ref><ref name="ica">{{Cite web |last=Bosanquet |first=Theo |date=29 March 2021 |title="Winners announced of 30th Ian Charleson awards" |url=https://www.whatsonstage.com/london-theatre/news/winners-announced-of-30th-ian-charleson-awards_53688.html |website=WhatsOnStage}}</ref> A watan Oktoba na 2019, an sanar da cewa Young zai fito a matsayin Jesper Fahey jerin shirye-shiryen [[Netflix]] na 2021 Shadow and Bone, karbuwa da jerin littattafan fantasy The Grisha Trilogy da Six of Crows Duology na Leigh Bardugo . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fuentes |first=Tamara |date=17 April 2021 |title=Exclusive: "Shadow and Bone" Star Kit Young Wants to Be as Fearless as Jesper After Filming Season 1 |url=https://www.seventeen.com/celebrity/movies-tv/a36122715/kit-young-shadow-and-bone/ |journal=Seventeen |access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref> Ayyukansa sun fito ne daga wallafe-wallafe da yawa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lawler |first=Kelly |date=23 April 2021 |title=Review: Netflix's 'Shadow and Bone' is a good fantasy adaptation that could have been so much better |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/tv/2021/04/23/shadow-and-bone-review-netflix-fantasy-could-have-been-better/7288001002/ |journal=USA Today |access-date=23 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Benson |first=Tracy |date=21 April 2021 |title=Netflix Shadow and Bone Review - Turning the tide on young adult fantasy |url=https://www.criticalhit.net/entertainment/netflix-shadow-and-bone-review-turning-the-tide-on-young-adult-fantasy/ |journal=Critical Hit |access-date=23 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bisset |first=Jennifer |date=27 April 2021 |title=Shadow and Bone review: Hit Netflix fantasy lacks one thing |url=https://www.cnet.com/culture/entertainment/shadow-and-bone-review-hit-netflix-fantasy-lacks-one-thing/ |journal=CNET |access-date=23 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Greene |first=Steve |date=23 April 2021 |title='Shadow and Bone' Review: An Impressive Fantasy Series Adaptation with More than Magic on Its Mind |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2021/04/shadow-and-bone-review-season-1-netflix-show-1234632249/ |journal=IndieWire |access-date=23 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nolan |first=Liam |date=21 April 2021 |title=Shadow and Bone Is an Exciting, Fun Adaptation of Leigh Bardugo's Grishaverse |url=https://www.cbr.com/shadow-and-bone-leigh-bardugo-grishaverse-review/ |journal=CBR |access-date=23 February 2023}}</ref> Netflix ta soke jerin bayan yanayi biyu. A cikin 2022, ya fito a cikin fim mai ban tsoro The Origin (daga baya Out of Darkness) kuma ya bayyana a cikin fim din Netflix na The School for Good and Evil . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wiseman |first=Andreas |date=4 December 2020 |title=UK Horror 'The Origin', With 'The 100' & 'Shadow And Bone' Stars, Wraps Shoot For 'Saint Maud' Producer |url=https://deadline.com/2020/12/horror-origin-scotland-the-100-shadow-bone-netflix-bfi-1234650074/ |journal=Deadline |access-date=21 January 2021}}</ref> A cikin 2025 Young ta fito a cikin 2025 FX da FX a kan jerin Hulu Alien: Earth, kuma ta bayyana a matsayin George Knightley a gaban Amelia Kenworthy a cikin Ava Pickett's stage adaptation of ''Emma'' a Rose Theatre, Kingston . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wood |first=Alex |date=24 July 2025 |title=Full cast set for Emma stage adaptation including Amelia Kenworthy and Kit Young |url=https://www.whatsonstage.com/news/full-cast-set-for-emma-stage-adaptation-including-amelia-kenworthy-and-kit-young_1688132/ |access-date=2 August 2025 |website=WhatsOnStage}}</ref> Ayyukansa a matsayin Jack Absolute a cikin The Rivals at the Orange Tree wani mai bita ya yaba da shi a matsayin "wani farin ciki na musamman don kallo don jikinsa da saurinsa". == Hotunan fina-finai == === Fim din === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi ! class="unsortable" |Bayani |- |2018 |''Alex'' |Alessandro na Medici |Gajeren fim |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |''Harkokin Iblis'' |Tyrone |Gajeren fim |- |''Mafarki na Dare na Tsakiyar'' |Lysander |Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa |- | rowspan="2" |2022 |''Daga Duhu'' |Geirr |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Out of Darkness {{!}} Cast and Crew {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/out_of_darkness_2022/cast-and-crew |access-date=2025-08-13 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref> |- |''Makarantar Kyau da Mugunta'' |Rafal / Rhian |Fim din Netflix |- |2024 |''Kyakkyawan Wasan'' |Cal |Fim din Netflix <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Beautiful Game {{!}} Cast and Crew {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_beautiful_game/cast-and-crew |access-date=2025-08-13 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref> |- |} === Talabijin === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi ! class="unsortable" |Bayani |- |2008 |''Yaƙin Walter'' |Matashi Edward |Fim din talabijin |- |2019 |''Ƙoƙarin da aka yi'' |Chris |Fim: "Pylon" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Endeavour: Season 6, Episode 1 {{!}} Cast and Crew {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/endeavour/s06/e01/cast-and-crew |access-date=2025-08-13 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref> |- |2021–2023 |''Inuwa da Ƙashi'' |Jesper Fahey |Babban rawar <ref>{{Cite web |title=Shadow and Bone {{!}} Cast and Crew {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/shadow_and_bone/cast-and-crew |access-date=2025-08-13 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref> |- |2025 |''Baƙo: Duniya'' |Kayan aiki / Ishaku |Abubuwa 6 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alien: Earth {{!}} Cast and Crew {{!}} Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/alien_earth/cast-and-crew |access-date=2025-08-13 |website=www.rottentomatoes.com |language=en}}</ref> |- |} === Bidiyo na kiɗa === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Waƙar !Shekara !Mai zane ! class="unsortable" |Bayani |- |"Confessions in the Pool" |2018 |Ash | |- |} == Mataki == == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon !{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |2020 | colspan="2" |Kyautar Ian Charleson |''Mafarki na Dare na Tsakiyar''| {{Nom}} |<ref name="ica" /> |- |2023 |Hotuna |Wasanni: Wasanni na Solo |''Tasiri''|{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=OffWestEndCom|title=#Offies #NewNoms 2023 for “Influence” at Collective Theatre: SOLO PERFORMANCE Kit Young @kittheyounger – congratulations! 🎉 Congratulate them by adding a comment on our website: #Offies #NewNoms 2023 for “Influence” at Collective Theatre: SOLO… dlvr.it/SyJFKG|date=2 November 2023|access-date=12 October 2026}}</ref> |- |2024 |Kyautar Kwalejin Burtaniya ta Scotland |Mafi kyawun Actor a Fim |''Daga Duhu''| {{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dalton |first=Ben |date=2 October 2024 |title='Out Of Darkness' heads film nominees at 2024 Bafta Scotland Awards; 'Baby Reindeer', 'Girl' both nominated |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/out-of-darkness-heads-film-nominees-at-2024-bafta-scotland-awards/5197722.article |access-date=2 October 2024 |website=Screen International}}</ref> |- |} == Dubi kuma == * Jerin Tsohon Abingdonians == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] kxdamxrv92ti1t6lkwlp6dvp7uivq5y 0 180516 975098 2026-11-02T03:21:04Z Ayinde0023 50675 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox website | name = Wifey News | logo = Wifey News Logo.jpg | url = https://wifeynews.com/ | language = Turanci | headquarters = Jihar Ogun, Najeriya | founder = Lil Trenchy | launched = 2026 | current_status = Mai aiki }} '''Wifey News''' wata kafar yada labarai ce ta intanet a Najeriya wadda Lil Trenchy ya kafa a shekarar 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://wifeynews.com/about-us/ |website=Wifey News |access-date=11 August 2026 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>... 975098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox website | name = Wifey News | logo = Wifey News Logo.jpg | url = https://wifeynews.com/ | language = Turanci | headquarters = Jihar Ogun, Najeriya | founder = Lil Trenchy | launched = 2026 | current_status = Mai aiki }} '''Wifey News''' wata kafar yada labarai ce ta intanet a Najeriya wadda Lil Trenchy ya kafa a shekarar 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://wifeynews.com/about-us/ |website=Wifey News |access-date=11 August 2026 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=23 September 2026|title=Wifey News Set For Mid-July Launch As Founder Lil Trenchy Unveils New Digital News Platform|url= https://dgrnews.com.ng/wifey-news-set-for-mid-july-launch-as-founder-lil-trenchy-unveils-new-digital news-platform/|website=DGR News|access-date=23 September 2026|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Wifey News launches as Nigerian digital news publication|url=https://gridnews.com.ng/wifey-news-launches-as-nigerian-digital news-publication|website=Grid News Nigeria|access-date=13 October 2026 |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafukan labarai na Najeriya]] 79k42sma097u27frulf4acd8ic9rmp5 975099 975098 2026-11-02T03:23:30Z Ayinde0023 50675 975099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox website | name = Wifey News | logo = Wifey News Logo.jpg | url = https://wifeynews.com/ | language = Turanci | headquarters = Jihar Ogun, Najeriya | founder = Lil Trenchy | launched = 2026 | current_status = Mai aiki }} '''Wifey News''' wata kafar yada labarai ce ta intanet a Najeriya wadda Lil Trenchy ya kafa a shekarar 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://wifeynews.com/about-us/ |website=Wifey News |access-date=11 August 2026 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Ogunleye |first=Adebayo |date=30 June 2026 |title=Wifey News Set For Mid-July Launch As Founder Lil Trenchy Unveils New Digital News Platform |url=https://dgrnews.com.ng |website=DGR News |access-date=2 November 2026 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |last=Grid News Staff |date=13 October 2026 |title=Wifey News Launches as Nigerian Digital News Publication |url=https://gridnews.com.ng |work=Grid News Nigeria|language=en-NG |access-date=13 October 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafukan labarai na Najeriya]] 8qs8c7848o65nn19xse3z5j1l74t2mn 975102 975099 2026-11-02T03:35:42Z Ayinde0023 50675 975102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox website | name = Wifey News | logo = Wifey News Logo.jpg | url = https://wifeynews.com/ | language = Turanci | headquarters = Jihar Ogun, Najeriya | founder = Lil Trenchy | launched = 2026 | current_status = Mai aiki }} '''Wifey News''' kafar labarai ce ta yanar gizo a Najeriya, wadda Lil Trenchy ya kafa a shekarar 2026..<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://wifeynews.com/about-us/ |website=Wifey News |access-date=11 August 2026 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Ogunleye |first=Adebayo |date=30 June 2026 |title=Wifey News Set For Mid-July Launch As Founder Lil Trenchy Unveils New Digital News Platform |url=https://dgrnews.com.ng |website=DGR News |access-date=2 November 2026 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |last=Grid News Staff |date=13 October 2026 |title=Wifey News Launches as Nigerian Digital News Publication |url=https://gridnews.com.ng |work=Grid News Nigeria|language=en-NG |access-date=13 October 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafukan labarai na Najeriya]] pvtvvbqx5kw5dwdsa0e6j5y69l5eukq 975103 975102 2026-11-02T03:39:33Z Ayinde0023 50675 975103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox website | name = Wifey News | logo = Wifey News Logo.jpg | url = https://wifeynews.com/ | language = Turanci | headquarters = Jihar Ogun, Najeriya | founder = Lil Trenchy | launched = 2026 | current_status = Mai aiki }} '''Wifey News''' Mujallar labarai ta dijital ce ta Najeriya da aka kafa a shekarar 2026 ta hannun Lil Trenchy..<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://wifeynews.com/about-us/ |website=Wifey News |access-date=11 August 2026 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Ogunleye |first=Adebayo |date=30 June 2026 |title=Wifey News Set For Mid-July Launch As Founder Lil Trenchy Unveils New Digital News Platform |url=https://dgrnews.com.ng |website=DGR News |access-date=2 November 2026 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |last=Grid News Staff |date=13 October 2026 |title=Wifey News Launches as Nigerian Digital News Publication |url=https://gridnews.com.ng |work=Grid News Nigeria|language=en-NG |access-date=13 October 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafukan labarai na Najeriya]] tbvlohcz1sh3wq0vqrbbdxgy4exja40 975104 975103 2026-11-02T03:50:17Z Ayinde0023 50675 975104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Wifey News''' Mujallar labarai ta dijital ce ta Najeriya da aka kafa a shekarar 2026 ta hannun Lil Trenchy..<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://wifeynews.com/about-us/ |website=Wifey News |access-date=11 August 2026 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Ogunleye |first=Adebayo |date=30 June 2026 |title=Wifey News Set For Mid-July Launch As Founder Lil Trenchy Unveils New Digital News Platform |url=https://dgrnews.com.ng |website=DGR News |access-date=2 November 2026 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |last=Grid News Staff |date=13 October 2026 |title=Wifey News Launches as Nigerian Digital News Publication |url=https://gridnews.com.ng |work=Grid News Nigeria|language=en-NG |access-date=13 October 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafukan labarai na Najeriya]] e2bpgp2d9y1u9g6pr59ncfxwk1m5qt6 0 180517 975108 2026-11-02T04:21:25Z Ayinde0023 50675 Sabon shafi: {{databox}} '''DGR News''' wani gidan labarai ne na dijital na Najeriya wanda Lil Trenchy ya kafa a shekarar 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About DGR News |url=https://dgrnews.com.ng/about-us/ |access-date=2 November 2026 |website=DGR News |language=en-US |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |title=DGR News: A Nigerian digital news publication covering stories that matter |url=https://gridnews.com.ng/dgr-news-a-nigerian-digital-news-publication-covering-stories-that-matter/... 975108 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''DGR News''' wani gidan labarai ne na dijital na Najeriya wanda Lil Trenchy ya kafa a shekarar 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About DGR News |url=https://dgrnews.com.ng/about-us/ |access-date=2 November 2026 |website=DGR News |language=en-US |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |title=DGR News: A Nigerian digital news publication covering stories that matter |url=https://gridnews.com.ng/dgr-news-a-nigerian-digital-news-publication-covering-stories-that-matter/ |access-date=2 November 2026 |newspaper=Grid News Nigeria |language=en-NG |url-status=live}}</ref> 0dbouj8lthu0hoqf0q2s341wrj6lnvv 0 180518 975116 2026-11-02T05:04:38Z Ayinde0023 50675 Sabon shafi: {{databox}} ''Akande Yusuf Ayinde'' (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Afrilu 2005), wanda aka fi sani da ''Lil Trenchy''', mawaki ne na Najeriya, mawaƙi, kuma marubuciya daga [[Isolo, Jihar Legas]] <ref>{{cite news |title=BMI Songview Search - Ayinde Akande Yusuf |url=https://bmi.com |website=BMI Repertoire |access-date=2026-11-02 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |title=Lil Trenchy Singer |url=https://dgrnews.com.ng/lil-trenchy-singer/ |access-date=2 November... 975116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} ''Akande Yusuf Ayinde'' (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Afrilu 2005), wanda aka fi sani da ''Lil Trenchy''', mawaki ne na Najeriya, mawaƙi, kuma marubuciya daga [[Isolo, Jihar Legas]] <ref>{{cite news |title=BMI Songview Search - Ayinde Akande Yusuf |url=https://bmi.com |website=BMI Repertoire |access-date=2026-11-02 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |title=Lil Trenchy Singer |url=https://dgrnews.com.ng/lil-trenchy-singer/ |access-date=2 November 2026 |newspaper=[[DGR News]] |language=en-US |url-status=live}}</ref> 52qibkrqs072x231erkf5zpfyo316gn 2 180519 975150 2026-11-02T10:44:48Z Maryam jafar abubakar 49472 Sabon shafi: I am Maryam jafar abubakar I am experiencing in hausa 975150 wikitext text/x-wiki I am Maryam jafar abubakar I am experiencing in hausa mxlp9yocghj57b9gzlb0hi0oichverj